NData PaperScope beyond NWTCircumpolarDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019
Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations
ReviewEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATANET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; WATER-TABLE POSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; VASCULAR PLANTS; CH4 EMISSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS ANALYZERS; SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; SPATIAL VARIABILITYPeltola, O; Vesala, T; Gao, Y; Raty, O; Alekseychik, P; Aurela, M; Chojnicki, B; Desai, AR; Dolman, AJ; Euskirchen, ES; Friborg, T; Gockede, M; Helbig, M; Humphreys, E; Jackson, RB; Jocher, G; Joos, F; Klatt, J; Knox, SH; Kowalska, N; Kutzbach, L; Lienert, S; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Nadeau, DF; Nilsson, MB; Oechel, WC; Peichl, M; Pypker, T; Quinton, W; Rinne, J; Sachs, T; Samson, M; Schmid, HP; Sonnentag, O; Wille, C; Zona, D; Aalto, TPeltola, Olli; Vesala, Timo; Gao, Yao; Raty, Olle; Alekseychik, Pavel; Aurela, Mika; Chojnicki, Bogdan; Desai, Ankur R.; Dolman, Albertus J.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Friborg, Thomas; Goeckede, Mathias; Helbig, Manuel; Humphreys, Elyn; Jackson, Robert B.; Jocher, Georg; Joos, Fortunat; Klatt, Janina; Knox, Sara H.; Kowalska, Natalia; Kutzbach, Lars; Lienert, Sebastian; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Oechel, Walter C.; Peichl, Matthias; Pypker, Thomas; Quinton, William; Rinne, Janne; Sachs, Torsten; Samson, Mateusz; Schmid, Hans Peter; Sonnentag, Oliver; Wille, Christian; Zona, Donatella; Aalto, TuulaEnglishNatural wetlands constitute the largest and most uncertain source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere and a large fraction of them are found in the northern latitudes. These emissions are typically estimated using process (bottom-up) or inversion (top-down) models. However, estimates from these two types of models are not independent of each other since the top-down estimates usually rely on the a priori estimation of these emissions obtained with process models. Hence, independent spatially explicit validation data are needed. Here we utilize a random forest (RF) machine-learning technique to upscale CH4 eddy covariance flux measurements from 25 sites to estimate CH4 wetland emissions from the northern latitudes (north of 45 degrees N). Eddy covariance data from 2005 to 2016 are used for model development. The model is then used to predict emissions during 2013 and 2014. The predictive performance of the RF model is evaluated using a leave-one-site-out cross-validation scheme. The performance (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency = 0.47) is comparable to previous studies upscaling net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and studies comparing process model output against site-level CH4 emission data. The global distribution of wetlands is one major source of uncertainty for upscaling CH4. Thus, three wetland distribution maps are utilized in the upscaling. Depending on the wetland distribution map, the annual emissions for the northern wetlands yield 32 (22.3-41.2, 95% confidence interval calculated from a RF model ensemble), 31 (21.4-39.9) or 38 (25.9-49.5) Tg(CH4) yr(-1). To further evaluate the uncertainties of the upscaled CH4 flux data products we also compared them against output from two process models (LPX-Bern and WetCHARTs), and methodological issues related to CH4 flux upscaling are discussed. The monthly upscaled CH4 flux data products are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2560163.[Peltola, Olli; Gao, Yao; Aurela, Mika; Lohila, Annalea; Aalto, Tuula] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland; [Vesala, Timo; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmosphere & Earth Syst Res Phys, POB 68, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Raty, Olle] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Meteorol Res, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland; [Alekseychik, Pavel] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Helsinki 00790, Finland; [Chojnicki, Bogdan; Kowalska, Natalia; Samson, Mateusz] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Fac Environm Engn & Spatial Management, Dept Meteorol, PL-60649 Poznan, Poland; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Dolman, Albertus J.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 2140 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Helbig, Manuel] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 3W8, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jocher, Georg; Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Joos, Fortunat; Lienert, Sebastian] Univ Bern, Phys Inst, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland; [Joos, Fortunat; Lienert, Sebastian] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland; [Klatt, Janina; Schmid, Hans Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climatol Atmospher Environm Res I, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany; [Knox, Sara H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Kutzbach, Lars] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil, Inst Soil Sci, Allende Pl 2, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Nadeau, Daniel F.] Univ Laval, Dept Civil & Water Engn, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Oechel, Walter C.; Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Oechel, Walter C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England; [Pypker, Thomas] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada; [Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Rinne, Janne] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Sachs, Torsten; Wille, Christian] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Jocher, Georg; Kowalska, Natalia] Czech Acad Sci, Global Change Res Inst, Dept Matter & Energy Fluxes, Belidla 986-4a, Brno 60300, Czech RepublicFinnish Meteorological Institute; University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Poznan University of Life Sciences; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Copenhagen; Max Planck Society; McMaster University; Universite de Montreal; Carleton University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Bern; University of Bern; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; University of British Columbia; University of Hamburg; Laval University; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Exeter; Wilfrid Laurier University; Lund University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; University of Sheffield; Czech Academy of Sciences; Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesPeltola, O (corresponding author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Res Programme, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.olli.peltola@fmi.fiSamson, Mateusz/ABA-7999-2020; Peltola, Olli/Z-1194-2019; Chojnicki, Bogdan Heronim/ABD-6978-2020; Rinne, Janne/A-6302-2008; Schmid, Hans Peter E/I-1224-2012; Kowalska, Natalia/D-8851-2018; Lohila, Annalea/C-7307-2014; Kowalska, Natalia/AAQ-9096-2020; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Mammarella, Ivan/AAP-5775-2020; Aurela, Mika/L-4724-2014; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Jocher, Georg/A-1605-2018; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Oechel, Walter/M-1347-2019; Wille, Christian/J-3657-2013; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Joos, Fortunat/B-4118-2018; Desai, Ankur/L-2495-2019; Kutzbach, Lars/L-5765-2015; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015Samson, Mateusz/0000-0001-8437-4904; Peltola, Olli/0000-0002-1744-6290; Chojnicki, Bogdan Heronim/0000-0002-9012-4060; Rinne, Janne/0000-0003-1168-7138; Schmid, Hans Peter E/0000-0001-9076-4466; Kowalska, Natalia/0000-0002-7366-7231; Lohila, Annalea/0000-0003-3541-672X; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Aurela, Mika/0000-0002-4046-7225; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Jocher, Georg/0000-0003-2667-6140; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Wille, Christian/0000-0003-0930-6527; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Gao, Yao/0000-0002-7619-7829; Peichl, Matthias/0000-0002-9940-5846; Raty, Olle/0000-0002-6766-1167; Kutzbach, Lars/0000-0003-2631-2742; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Nadeau, Daniel/0000-0002-4006-2623; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Humphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771Academy of Finland [315424, 313828, 312571, 282842, 281255, 285630, 272041, 307331]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF5439]; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG-821]; Horizon 2020 (RINGO) [730944]; Horizon 2020 (CRESCENDO) [641816]; NERC [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P002552/1, NE/P003028/1] Funding Source: researchfish; Academy of Finland (AKA) [285630, 312571, 282842, 315424] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); Helmholtz Association(Helmholtz Association); Horizon 2020 (RINGO); Horizon 2020 (CRESCENDO); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This research has been supported by the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 315424, 313828, 312571, 282842, 281255, 285630, 272041 and 307331), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. GBMF5439), the Helmholtz Association (grant no. VH-NG-821), and Horizon 2020 (RINGO (grant no. 730944) and CRESCENDO (grant no. 641816)).1434949<180 Day Usage Count>910COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataAUG 22201911312631289
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-201927Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesIT0EQgold, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, Green Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004825199000010 NData PaperScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3
A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records
Article; Data PaperSCIENTIFIC DATASEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION; MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SOUTH CHINA SEA; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTION; WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU; LAKE VUOLEP-NJAKAJAUKaufman, D; McKay, N; Routson, C; Erb, M; Davis, B; Heiri, O; Jaccard, S; Tierney, J; Datwyler, C; Axford, Y; Brussel, T; Cartapanis, O; Chase, B; Dawson, A; de Vernal, A; Engels, S; Jonkers, L; Marsicek, J; Moffa-Sanchez, P; Morrill, C; Orsi, A; Rehfeld, K; Saunders, K; Sommer, PS; Thomas, E; Tonello, M; Toth, M; Vachula, R; Andreev, A; Bertrand, S; Biskaborn, B; Bringue, M; Brooks, S; Caniupan, M; Chevalier, M; Cwynar, L; Emile-Geay, J; Fegyveresi, J; Feurdean, A; Finsinger, W; Fortin, MC; Foster, L; Fox, M; Gajewski, K; Grosjean, M; Hausmann, S; Heinrichs, M; Holmes, N; Ilyashuk, B; Ilyashuk, E; Juggins, S; Khider, D; Koinig, K; Langdon, P; Larocque-Tobler, I; Li, JY; Lotter, A; Luoto, T; Mackay, A; Magyari, E; Malevich, S; Mark, B; Massaferro, J; Montade, V; Nazarova, L; Novenko, E; Paril, P; Pearson, E; Peros, M; Pienitz, R; Plociennik, M; Porinchu, D; Potito, A; Rees, A; Reinemann, S; Roberts, S; Rolland, N; Salonen, S; Self, A; Seppa, H; Shala, S; St-Jacques, JM; Stenni, B; Syrykh, L; Tarrats, P; Taylor, K; van den Bos, V; Velle, G; Wahl, E; Walker, I; Wilmshurst, J; Zhang, EL; Zhilich, SKaufman, Darrell; McKay, Nicholas; Routson, Cody; Erb, Michael; Davis, Basil; Heiri, Oliver; Jaccard, Samuel; Tierney, Jessica; Datwyler, Christoph; Axford, Yarrow; Brussel, Thomas; Cartapanis, Olivier; Chase, Brian; Dawson, Andria; de Vernal, Anne; Engels, Stefan; Jonkers, Lukas; Marsicek, Jeremiah; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola; Morrill, Carrie; Orsi, Anais; Rehfeld, Kira; Saunders, Krystyna; Sommer, Philipp S.; Thomas, Elizabeth; Tonello, Marcela; Toth, Monika; Vachula, Richard; Andreev, Andrei; Bertrand, Sebastien; Biskaborn, Boris; Bringue, Manuel; Brooks, Stephen; Caniupan, Magaly; Chevalier, Manuel; Cwynar, Les; Emile-Geay, Julien; Fegyveresi, John; Feurdean, Angelica; Finsinger, Walter; Fortin, Marie-Claude; Foster, Louise; Fox, Mathew; Gajewski, Konrad; Grosjean, Martin; Hausmann, Sonja; Heinrichs, Markus; Holmes, Naomi; Ilyashuk, Boris; Ilyashuk, Elena; Juggins, Steve; Khider, Deborah; Koinig, Karin; Langdon, Peter; Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle; Li, Jianyong; Lotter, Andre; Luoto, Tomi; Mackay, Anson; Magyari, Eniko; Malevich, Steven; Mark, Bryan; Massaferro, Julieta; Montade, Vincent; Nazarova, Larisa; Novenko, Elena; Paril, Petr; Pearson, Emma; Peros, Matthew; Pienitz, Reinhard; Plociennik, Mateusz; Porinchu, David; Potito, Aaron; Rees, Andrew; Reinemann, Scott; Roberts, Stephen; Rolland, Nicolas; Salonen, Sakari; Self, Angela; Seppa, Heikki; Shala, Shyhrete; St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie; Stenni, Barbara; Syrykh, Liudmila; Tarrats, Pol; Taylor, Karen; van den Bos, Valerie; Velle, Gaute; Wahl, Eugene; Walker, Ian; Wilmshurst, Janet; Zhang, Enlou; Zhilich, SnezhanaEnglishA comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. Measurement(s)climateTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)temporal interval center dot geographic location center dot proxy typeSample Characteristic - Environmentclimate systemSample Characteristic - LocationEarth (planet) Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data:[Kaufman, Darrell; McKay, Nicholas; Routson, Cody; Erb, Michael; Fegyveresi, John] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Davis, Basil; Sommer, Philipp S.; Chevalier, Manuel] Univ Lausanne, Inst Earth Surface Dynam, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Heiri, Oliver] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; [Jaccard, Samuel; Cartapanis, Olivier] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Jaccard, Samuel; Datwyler, Christoph; Cartapanis, Olivier; Grosjean, Martin] Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Tierney, Jessica; Malevich, Steven] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Datwyler, Christoph; Grosjean, Martin] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Axford, Yarrow] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA; [Brussel, Thomas] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Chase, Brian; Finsinger, Walter; Montade, Vincent] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier, France; [Dawson, Andria] Mt Royal Univ, Dept Gen Educ, Calgary, AB T3E6K6, Canada; [de Vernal, Anne] Univ Quebec, Geotop UQAM, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Engels, Stefan] Univ London, Dept Geog, London WC1E 7HX, England; [Jonkers, Lukas] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; [Marsicek, Jeremiah] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Moffa-Sanchez, Paola] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England; [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Orsi, Anais] Univ Paris Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; [Rehfeld, Kira] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, D-69221 Heidelberg, Germany; [Saunders, Krystyna] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; [Sommer, Philipp S.] Helmholtz Zentrum, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany; [Thomas, Elizabeth] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14206 USA; [Tonello, Marcela] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina; [Toth, Monika] Balaton Limnol Inst, Ctr Ecol Res, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary; [Vachula, Richard] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Andreev, Andrei; Biskaborn, Boris] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Polar Terr Environm Syst, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Bertrand, Sebastien] Univ Ghent, Renard Ctr Marine Geol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [Bringue, Manuel] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Brooks, Stephen] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England; [Caniupan, Magaly] Univ Concepcion, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; [Caniupan, Magaly] COPAS Sur Austral Program, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; [Cwynar, Les] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; [Emile-Geay, Julien] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA; [Feurdean, Angelica] Goethe Univ, Dept Phys Geog, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; [Fortin, Marie-Claude] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; [Foster, Louise; Juggins, Steve; Pearson, Emma] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England; [Foster, Louise; Roberts, Stephen] British Antarctic Survey, Palaeoenvironm & Ice Sheets, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England; [Fox, Mathew] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Gajewski, Konrad] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Hausmann, Sonja] Aquat GmbH, CH-3007 Bern, Switzerland; [Heinrichs, Markus] Okanagan Coll, Dept Geog & Earth & Environm Sci, Kelowna, BC V1Y 4X8, Canada; [Holmes, Naomi] Sheffield Hallam Univ, Dept Nat & Built Environm, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England; [Ilyashuk, Boris; Ilyashuk, Elena; Koinig, Karin] Univ Innsbruck, Dept Ecol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [Khider, Deborah] Univ Southern Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA; [Langdon, Peter] Univ Southampton, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle] LAKES Inst, CH-3250 Lyss, Switzerland; [Li, Jianyong] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710027, Peoples R China; [Lotter, Andre] Univ Bern, Palaeoecol, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; [Luoto, Tomi] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Lahti 15140, Finland; [Mackay, Anson] UCL, Dept Geog, London WC1E 6BT, England; [Magyari, Eniko] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Environm & Landscape Geog, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; [Mark, Bryan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Massaferro, Julieta] CONICET Argentina, CENAC APN, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, RN, Argentina; [Nazarova, Larisa] Potsdam Univ, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Golm, Germany; [Novenko, Elena] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia; [Paril, Petr] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Brno 61137, Czech Republic; [Peros, Matthew] Bishops Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Sherbrooke, PQ J1M 1Z7, Canada; [Pienitz, Reinhard] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Plociennik, Mateusz] Univ Lodz, Dept Invertebrate Zool & Hydrobiol, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland; [Porinchu, David] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30606 USA; [Potito, Aaron; Taylor, Karen] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Geog Archaeol & Irish Studies, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; [Rees, Andrew; van den Bos, Valerie] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; [Reinemann, Scott] Sinclair Community Coll, Dept Geog, Dayton, OH 45402 USA; [Rolland, Nicolas] Fisheries & Ocean Canada, Gulf Fisheries Ctr, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada; [Salonen, Sakari; Seppa, Heikki] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Self, Angela] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England; [Shala, Shyhrete] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [St-Jacques, Jeannine-Marie] Concordia Univ, Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; [Stenni, Barbara] Ca Foscari Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30172 Venice, Italy; [Syrykh, Liudmila] Herzen State Pedag Univ Russia, Res Lab Environm Management, St Petersburg 191186, Russia; [Tarrats, Pol] Univ Barcelona, Dept Biol Evolut Ecol & Ciencies Ambientals, Seccio Ecol, Barcelona 08028, Spain; [Taylor, Karen] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Geog, Cork, Ireland; [Velle, Gaute] LFI, NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, N-5008 Bergen, Norway; [Wahl, Eugene] US NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; [Walker, Ian] Univ British Columbia, Dept Biol, Dept Earth Environm & Geog Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; [Wilmshurst, Janet] Landcare Res Ecosyst & Conservat, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand; [Zhang, Enlou] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; [Zhilich, Snezhana] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Archaeol & Ethnog, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaNorthern Arizona University; University of Lausanne; University of Basel; University of Bern; University of Bern; University of Arizona; University of Bern; Northwestern University; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Mount Royal University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of London; University of Bremen; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Durham University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum fur Material- und Kustenforschung; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo; National University of Mar del Plata; Eotvos Lorand Research Network; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Hungarian Centre for Ecological Research; Hungarian Balaton Limnological Research Institute; Brown University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Ghent University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural History Museum London; Universidad de Concepcion; University of New Brunswick; University of Southern California; Goethe University Frankfurt; University of Ottawa; Newcastle University - UK; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; University of Arizona; University of Ottawa; Sheffield Hallam University; University of Innsbruck; University of Southern California; University of Southampton; Northwest University Xi'an; University of Bern; University of Helsinki; University of London; University College London; Eotvos Lorand University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Masaryk University Brno; Bishops University; Laval University; University of Lodz; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Victoria University Wellington; Sinclair Community College; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Helsinki; Natural History Museum London; Stockholm University; Concordia University - Canada; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; University of Barcelona; University College Cork; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE); National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of British Columbia; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesKaufman, D (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.darrell.kaufman@nau.eduNazarova, Larisa/AAP-7185-2020; Płóciennik, Mateusz/R-1232-2018; Ilyashuk, Elena/A-1910-2017; Heiri, Oliver/A-2403-2008; Chevalier, Manuel/W-6949-2019; Finsinger, Walter/A-7937-2011; Zhilich, Snezhana/B-5733-2016; Rehfeld, Kira/O-1781-2019; Nazarova, Larisa/C-8926-2014; Syrykh, Liudmila/K-8331-2018; Mark, Bryan/AAD-6137-2022; Ilyashuk, Boris/AAZ-7301-2020; Cartapanis, Olivier/AAM-9779-2021; Bertrand, Sebastien/G-9744-2011; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola/AAA-7188-2022; Axford, Yarrow/N-4151-2014; Biskaborn, Boris K./D-2419-2011; Thomas, Elizabeth/ADF-3660-2022; Reinemann, Scott/ABD-1503-2021; Andreev, Andrei A/J-2701-2015; Paril, Petr/AGK-5133-2022; Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Rees, Andrew/Q-1417-2017; Koinig, Karin/F-2542-2013; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Sommer, Philipp S./R-5839-2017; Jaccard, Samuel/G-3447-2014Płóciennik, Mateusz/0000-0003-1487-6698; Ilyashuk, Elena/0000-0001-7335-4123; Heiri, Oliver/0000-0002-3957-5835; Chevalier, Manuel/0000-0002-8183-9881; Finsinger, Walter/0000-0002-8297-0574; Zhilich, Snezhana/0000-0002-0365-0602; Rehfeld, Kira/0000-0002-9442-5362; Nazarova, Larisa/0000-0003-4145-9689; Syrykh, Liudmila/0000-0003-2076-8570; Ilyashuk, Boris/0000-0003-3846-7178; Cartapanis, Olivier/0000-0001-8542-6884; Bertrand, Sebastien/0000-0003-0374-4040; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola/0000-0003-1857-8954; Axford, Yarrow/0000-0002-8033-358X; Biskaborn, Boris K./0000-0003-2378-0348; Thomas, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3010-6493; Andreev, Andrei A/0000-0002-8745-9636; Paril, Petr/0000-0002-7471-997X; Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Mark, Bryan/0000-0002-4500-7957; Rees, Andrew/0000-0003-4026-7765; Roberts, Stephen/0000-0003-3407-9127; Seppa, Heikki/0000-0003-2494-7955; Potito, Aaron/0000-0003-0194-9552; Tonello, Marcela Sandra/0000-0002-4134-3814; Luoto, Tomi/0000-0001-6925-3688; Datwyler, Christoph/0000-0002-9923-4311; Koinig, Karin/0000-0002-3659-4934; Taylor, Karen/0000-0003-4376-8610; Feurdean, Angelica/0000-0002-2497-3005; Novenko, Elena/0000-0003-2174-8467; Malevich, Steven/0000-0002-4752-8190; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Rolland, Nicolas/0000-0001-9883-8124; Stenni, Barbara/0000-0003-4950-3664; Langdon, Peter/0000-0003-2724-2643; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469; Vachula, Richard/0000-0001-5559-6540; Salonen, Sakari/0000-0002-8847-9081; Sommer, Philipp S./0000-0001-6171-7716; Porinchu, David/0000-0002-0495-3082; Jaccard, Samuel/0000-0002-5793-0896; McKay, Nicholas/0000-0003-3598-5113US National Science Foundation [AGS-1602105, AGS-1602301, AGS-1903548]; Swiss National Science Foundation [IZSEZO 180887, SNF 200021-165494]; NOAA's Climate Program Office [NA17OAR4320101]; Heising-Simons Foundation [2016-015]; NERC [bas0100030, bosc01001] Funding Source: UKRIUS National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); NOAA's Climate Program Office(National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA); Heising-Simons Foundation; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Funding for this research was provided by the US National Science Foundation (AGS-1602105, AGS-1602301, AGS-1903548), Swiss National Science Foundation (IZSEZO 180887, SNF 200021-165494), NOAA's Climate Program Office (Cooperative Agreement #NA17OAR4320101), and the Heising-Simons Foundation (2016-015). The Past Global Changes (PAGES) project provided additional support for workshops leading up to this data product. We thank the original data generators who made their data available for reuse, and we acknowledge the data repositories for safeguarding these valuable data assets, enabling the community to unlock their collective power<SUP>582</SUP>.5829599<180 Day Usage Count>20132NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2052-4463SCI DATASci. DataAPR 14202071
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0445-334Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsLI0ZJ32286335Green Accepted, Green Published, Green Submitted, goldYN2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005292148000020 NData PaperScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88
Data Descriptor: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era
Article; Data PaperSCIENTIFIC DATASEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; TREE-RING WIDTH; PACIFIC WARM POOL; TROPICAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RECORD; ICE-CORE RECORDS; PAST 3 CENTURIES; SOUTH CHINA SEA; SUMMER TEMPERATUREEmile-Geay, J; McKay, NP; Kaufman, DS; von Gunten, L; Wang, JG; Anchukaitis, KJ; Abram, NJ; Addison, JA; Curran, MAJ; Evans, MN; Henley, BJ; Hao, ZX; Martrat, B; McGregor, HV; Neukom, R; Pederson, GT; Stenni, B; Thirumalai, K; Werner, JP; Xu, CX; Divine, DV; Dixon, BC; Gergis, J; Mundo, IA; Nakatsuka, T; Phipps, SJ; Routson, CC; Steig, EJ; Tierney, JE; Tyler, JJ; Allen, KJ; Bertler, NAN; Bjorklund, J; Chase, BM; Chen, MT; Cook, E; de Jong, R; DeLong, KL; Dixon, DA; Ekaykin, AA; Ersek, V; Filipsson, HL; Francus, P; Freund, MB; Frezzotti, M; Gaire, NP; Gajewski, K; Ge, QS; Goosse, H; Gornostaeva, A; Grosjean, M; Horiuchi, K; Hormes, A; Husum, K; Isaksson, E; Kandasamy, S; Kawamura, K; Kilbourne, KH; Koc, N; Leduc, G; Linderholm, HW; Lorrey, AM; Mikhalenko, V; Mortyn, PG; Motoyama, H; Moy, AD; Mulvaney, R; Munz, PM; Nash, DJ; Oerter, H; Opel, T; Orsi, AJ; Ovchinnikov, DV; Porter, TJ; Roop, HA; Saenger, C; Sano, M; Sauchyn, D; Saunders, KM; Seidenkrantz, MS; Severi, M; Shao, XM; Sicre, MA; Sigl, M; Sinclair, K; St George, S; St Jacques, JM; Thamban, M; Thapa, UK; Thomas, ER; Turney, C; Uemura, R; Viau, AE; Vladimirova, DO; Wahl, ER; White, JWC; Yu, ZC; Zinke, JEmile-Geay, Julien; McKay, Nicholas P.; Kaufman, Darrell S.; von Gunten, Lucien; Wang, Jianghao; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Abram, Nerilie J.; Addison, Jason A.; Curran, Mark A. J.; Evans, Michael N.; Henley, Benjamin J.; Hao, Zhixin; Martrat, Belen; McGregor, Helen V.; Neukom, Raphael; Pederson, Gregory T.; Stenni, Barbara; Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Werner, Johannes P.; Xu, Chenxi; Divine, Dmitry V.; Dixon, Bronwyn C.; Gergis, Joelle; Mundo, Ignacio A.; Nakatsuka, Takeshi; Phipps, Steven J.; Routson, Cody C.; Steig, Eric J.; Tierney, Jessica E.; Tyler, Jonathan J.; Allen, Kathryn J.; Bertler, Nancy A. N.; Bjorklund, Jesper; Chase, Brian M.; Chen, Min-Te; Cook, Ed; de Jong, Rixt; DeLong, Kristine L.; Dixon, Daniel A.; Ekaykin, Alexey A.; Ersek, Vasile; Filipsson, Helena L.; Francus, Pierre; Freund, Mandy B.; Frezzotti, Massimo; Gaire, Narayan P.; Gajewski, Konrad; Ge, Quansheng; Goosse, Hugues; Gornostaeva, Anastasia; Grosjean, Martin; Horiuchi, Kazuho; Hormes, Anne; Husum, Katrine; Isaksson, Elisabeth; Kandasamy, Selvaraj; Kawamura, Kenji; Kilbourne, K. Halimeda; Koc, Nalan; Leduc, Guillaume; Linderholm, Hans W.; Lorrey, Andrew M.; Mikhalenko, Vladimir; Mortyn, P. Graham; Motoyama, Hideaki; Moy, Andrew D.; Mulvaney, Robert; Munz, Philipp M.; Nash, David J.; Oerter, Hans; Opel, Thomas; Orsi, Anais J.; Ovchinnikov, Dmitriy V.; Porter, Trevor J.; Roop, Heidi A.; Saenger, Casey; Sano, Masaki; Sauchyn, David; Saunders, Krystyna M.; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig; Severi, Mirko; Shao, Xuemei; Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine; Sigl, Michael; Sinclair, Kate; St George, Scott; St Jacques, Jeannine-Marie; Thamban, Meloth; Thapa, Udya Kuwar; Thomas, Elizabeth R.; Turney, Chris; Uemura, Ryu; Viau, Andre E.; Vladimirova, Diana O.; Wahl, Eugene R.; White, James W. C.; Yu, Zicheng; Zinke, JensPAGES2k ConsortiumEnglishReproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high-and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python. (TABLE) Since the pioneering work of D'Arrigo and Jacoby1-3, as well as Mann et al. 4,5, temperature reconstructions of the Common Era have become a key component of climate assessments6-9. Such reconstructions depend strongly on the composition of the underlying network of climate proxies10, and it is therefore critical for the climate community to have access to a community-vetted, quality-controlled database of temperature-sensitive records stored in a self-describing format. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k consortium, a self-organized, international group of experts, recently assembled such a database, and used it to reconstruct surface temperature over continental-scale regions11 (hereafter, ` PAGES2k-2013'). This data descriptor presents version 2.0.0 of the PAGES2k proxy temperature database (Data Citation 1). It augments the PAGES2k-2013 collection of terrestrial records with marine records assembled by the Ocean2k working group at centennial12 and annual13 time scales. In addition to these previously published data compilations, this version includes substantially more records, extensive new metadata, and validation. Furthermore, the selection criteria for records included in this version are applied more uniformly and transparently across regions, resulting in a more cohesive data product. This data descriptor describes the contents of the database, the criteria for inclusion, and quantifies the relation of each record with instrumental temperature. In addition, the paleotemperature time series are summarized as composites to highlight the most salient decadal-to centennial-scale behaviour of the dataset and check mutual consistency between paleoclimate archives. We provide extensive Matlab code to probe the database-processing, filtering and aggregating it in various ways to investigate temperature variability over the Common Era. The unique approach to data stewardship and code-sharing employed here is designed to enable an unprecedented scale of investigation of the temperature history of the Common Era, by the scientific community and citizen-scientists alike.[Emile-Geay, Julien] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA; [Emile-Geay, Julien] Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Appl Math Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA; [McKay, Nicholas P.; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Routson, Cody C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [von Gunten, Lucien] PAGES Int Project Off, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Wang, Jianghao] Mathworks Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA; [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [Addison, Jason A.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Curran, Mark A. J.; Moy, Andrew D.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia; [Curran, Mark A. J.; Moy, Andrew D.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas 7050, Australia; [Evans, Michael N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Evans, Michael N.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Henley, Benjamin J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Hao, Zhixin; Ge, Quansheng; Shao, Xuemei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Martrat, Belen] Spanish Council Sci Res, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain; [Martrat, Belen] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England; [McGregor, Helen V.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [Neukom, Raphael; de Jong, Rixt; Grosjean, Martin] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Neukom, Raphael; de Jong, Rixt; Grosjean, Martin] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Pederson, Gregory T.] US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA; [Stenni, Barbara] Ca Foscari Univ Venice, Dept Environm Sci Informat & Stat, I-30170 Venice, Italy; [Thirumalai, Kaustubh] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA; [Werner, Johannes P.] Univ Bergen, Dept Earth Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Werner, Johannes P.] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; [Xu, Chenxi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China; [Divine, Dmitry V.; Husum, Katrine; Isaksson, Elisabeth; Koc, Nalan] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Divine, Dmitry V.] Univ Tromso, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Stat, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Dixon, Bronwyn C.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Geog, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Gergis, Joelle; Freund, Mandy B.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Gergis, Joelle; Freund, Mandy B.] Univ Melbourne, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Climate Sys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; [Mundo, Ignacio A.] Univ Nacl Cuyo, IANIGLA CONICET, M5502IRA, Mendoza, Argentina; [Mundo, Ignacio A.] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, M5502IRA, Mendoza, Argentina; [Nakatsuka, Takeshi; Sano, Masaki] Res Inst Humanity & Nat, Kyoto 6038047, Japan; [Phipps, Steven J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; [Steig, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Steig, Eric J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Tierney, Jessica E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Tyler, Jonathan J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [Tyler, Jonathan J.] Univ Adelaide, Sprigg Geobiol Ctr, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [Allen, Kathryn J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3121, Australia; [Bertler, Nancy A. N.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Joint Antarctic Res Inst, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; [Bertler, Nancy A. N.] GNS Sci, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; [Bjorklund, Jesper] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Chase, Brian M.] Univ Montpellier, Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France; [Chen, Min-Te] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Geosci, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; [Cook, Ed] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [DeLong, Kristine L.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA; [Dixon, Daniel A.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA; [Ekaykin, Alexey A.; Vladimirova, Diana O.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia; [Ekaykin, Alexey A.; Vladimirova, Diana O.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, St Petersburg 199178, Russia; [Ersek, Vasile] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England; [Filipsson, Helena L.] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Francus, Pierre] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada; [Frezzotti, Massimo] ENEA, CR Casaccia, I-00123 Rome, Italy; [Gaire, Narayan P.] Nepal Acad Sci & Technol, Fac Sci, Lalitpur, Nepal; [Gaire, Narayan P.] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Environm Sci, Kathmandu, Nepal; [Gajewski, Konrad; Viau, Andre E.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Goosse, Hugues; Sauchyn, David] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium; [Gornostaeva, Anastasia] RAS, Urals Branch, Inst Geophys, Ekaterinburg, Russia; [Horiuchi, Kazuho] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Aomori 0368561, Japan; [Hormes, Anne] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Fac Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Kandasamy, Selvaraj] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102, Peoples R China; [Kandasamy, Selvaraj] Xiamen Univ, Dept Geol Oceanog, Xiamen 361102, Peoples R China; [Kawamura, Kenji] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan; [Kawamura, Kenji] Dept Polar Sci, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan; [Kawamura, Kenji] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan; [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; [Leduc, Guillaume] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France; [Linderholm, Hans W.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Lorrey, Andrew M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Auckland Cent 1010, New Zealand; [Mikhalenko, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow 119017, Russia; [Mortyn, P. Graham] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; [Mortyn, P. Graham] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geog, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; [Motoyama, Hideaki] Natl Inst Polar Res, Res Org Informat & Syst, Midoricho 10-3, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan; [Mulvaney, Robert; Thomas, Elizabeth R.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England; [Munz, Philipp M.] Eberhard Karls Univ Tubingen, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany; [Nash, David J.] Univ Brighton, Sch Environm & Technol, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England; [Nash, David J.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geog Archaeol & Environm Studies, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; [Oerter, Hans] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Opel, Thomas] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Orsi, Anais J.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; [Ovchinnikov, Dmitriy V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; [Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; [Roop, Heidi A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA; [Saenger, Casey] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA; [Saunders, Krystyna M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; [Saunders, Krystyna M.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Saunders, Krystyna M.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Climate Studies, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Geosci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Severi, Mirko] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; [Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine] Sorbonne Univ, LOCEAN, Case 100, F-75005 Paris, France; [Sigl, Michael] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Environm Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Psi Ost, Switzerland; [Sinclair, Kate] Appl Aquat Res Ltd, Calgary, AB T3C 0K3, Canada; [St George, Scott; Thapa, Udya Kuwar] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog Environm & Soc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; [St Jacques, Jeannine-Marie] Univ Regina, Prairie Adaptat Res Collaborat, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada; [St Jacques, Jeannine-Marie] Concordia Univ, Geog Planning & Environm, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; [Thamban, Meloth] Natl Ctr Antarctic & Ocean Res, Vasco Da Gama 403804, Goa, India; [Turney, Chris] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; [Uemura, Ryu] Univ Ryukyus, Dept Chem Biol & Marine Sci, Fac Sci, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan; [Wahl, Eugene R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, World Data Serv Paleoclimatol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; [White, James W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Zinke, Jens] Dept Environm & Agr, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia; [Zinke, Jens] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia; [Zinke, Jens] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Paleontol, D-12249 Berlin, GermanyUniversity of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Arizona; MathWorks; University of Arizona; University of Arizona; Australian National University; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science; Australian National University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Australian Antarctic Division; University of Tasmania; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Melbourne; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pascual Vila (CID-CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Diagnostico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA); University of Cambridge; University of Wollongong; University of Bern; University of Bern; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Bergen; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Bergen; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; Norwegian Polar Institute; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; University of Melbourne; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; University Nacional Cuyo Mendoza; Research Institute for Humanity & Nature (RIHN); University of Tasmania; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Arizona; University of Adelaide; University of Adelaide; University of Melbourne; Victoria University Wellington; GNS Science - New Zealand; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; National Taiwan Ocean University; Columbia University; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute; Saint Petersburg State University; Northumbria University; Lund University; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); Italian National Agency New Technical Energy & Sustainable Economics Development; Nepal Academy of Science & Technology (NAST); Tribhuvan University; University of Ottawa; Universite Catholique Louvain; Russian Academy of Sciences; Hirosaki University; University of Gothenburg; Xiamen University; Xiamen University; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; College de France; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); University of Gothenburg; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Brighton; University of Witwatersrand; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation; University of Bern; University of Bern; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; University of Florence; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Paul Scherrer Institute; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Regina; Concordia University - Canada; Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) - India; National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR); University of New South Wales Sydney; University of the Ryukyus; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Lehigh University; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Free University of BerlinEmile-Geay, J (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.;Emile-Geay, J (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Ctr Appl Math Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.julieneg@usc.eduKaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Husum, Katrine/HGD-4711-2022; Hormes, Anne/X-9995-2019; Steig, Eric J/G-9088-2015; Uemura, Ryu/C-9793-2012; Phipps, Steven J/B-3135-2008; Munz, Philipp Moritz/L-3621-2019; White, James W.C./A-7845-2009; Marie-Alexandrine, Sicre/AAR-1516-2020; Uemura, Ryu/AGR-0677-2022; Ersek, Vasile/G-5287-2010; Zinke, Jens/G-5026-2011; FREZZOTTI, Massimo/AAK-7275-2020; Abram, Nerilie/AAT-5171-2021; Gaire, Narayan/AAL-6422-2020; Turney, Chris S M/P-8701-2018; Sano, Masaki/U-4133-2019; Mortyn, P. Graham/I-3860-2015; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig/A-3451-2012; Gornostaeva, Anastasiia/AAD-6326-2022; Chen, Min-Te/ABF-2935-2020; Thomas, Elizabeth/ADF-3660-2022; Mikhalenko, Vladimir N/A-4253-2014; Filipsson, Helena L/F-7419-2011; Xu, Chenxi/AAI-2686-2020; Severi, Mirko/J-2508-2012; DeLong, Kristine L/B-7500-2008; Allen, Kathryn/AAH-8535-2019; , BH/D-8684-2011; Linderholm, Hans W/N-1020-2013; Kilbourne, Kelly H/D-6560-2012; Kilbourne, Hali/AAD-6043-2022; Chen, Min-Te/AAD-5990-2021; McGregor, Helen/I-1479-2013; Kawamura, Kenji/C-7660-2011; Martrat, Belen/I-5952-2015; Werner, Johannes/H-5702-2012; Kandasamy, Selvaraj/H-5812-2013; Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Opel, Thomas/O-9037-2014; Thirumalai, Kaustubh/N-2511-2014Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Husum, Katrine/0000-0003-1380-5900; Hormes, Anne/0000-0002-7722-8252; Steig, Eric J/0000-0002-8191-5549; Uemura, Ryu/0000-0002-4236-0085; Phipps, Steven J/0000-0001-5657-8782; Munz, Philipp Moritz/0000-0002-3149-0546; White, James W.C./0000-0001-6041-4684; Marie-Alexandrine, Sicre/0000-0002-5015-1400; Uemura, Ryu/0000-0002-4236-0085; Ersek, Vasile/0000-0001-9730-0007; Zinke, Jens/0000-0002-0634-8281; FREZZOTTI, Massimo/0000-0002-2461-2883; Gaire, Narayan/0000-0002-9487-7852; Turney, Chris S M/0000-0001-6733-0993; Sano, Masaki/0000-0003-3391-9067; Mortyn, P. Graham/0000-0002-9473-4309; Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig/0000-0002-1973-5969; Thomas, Elizabeth/0000-0002-3010-6493; Filipsson, Helena L/0000-0001-7200-8608; Xu, Chenxi/0000-0001-7747-0033; Severi, Mirko/0000-0003-1511-6762; DeLong, Kristine L/0000-0001-6320-421X; Allen, Kathryn/0000-0002-8403-4552; , BH/0000-0003-3940-1963; Linderholm, Hans W/0000-0002-1522-8919; Kilbourne, Kelly H/0000-0001-7864-8438; Kilbourne, Hali/0000-0001-7864-8438; Chen, Min-Te/0000-0002-7552-1615; Ge, Quansheng/0000-0001-8712-8565; Stenni, Barbara/0000-0003-4950-3664; GERGIS, JOELLE/0000-0002-4168-7924; McGregor, Helen/0000-0002-4031-2282; Bertler, Nancy/0000-0001-6028-4891; Kawamura, Kenji/0000-0003-1163-700X; Nash, David/0000-0002-7641-5857; Bjorklund, Jesper/0000-0003-4238-8173; Martrat, Belen/0000-0001-9904-9178; Tyler, Jonathan/0000-0001-8046-0215; Abram, Nerilie/0000-0003-1246-2344; Thamban, Meloth/0000-0003-3379-8189; Porter, Trevor/0000-0002-5916-1998; Werner, Johannes/0000-0003-4015-7398; Kandasamy, Selvaraj/0000-0003-2916-5055; Mundo, Ignacio/0000-0002-7189-6073; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Anchukaitis, Kevin/0000-0002-8509-8080; Horiuchi, Kazuho/0000-0003-3185-8766; Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Evans, Michael Neil/0000-0003-3727-6898; Opel, Thomas/0000-0003-1315-8256; St. George, Scott/0000-0002-0945-4944; Vladimirova, Diana/0000-0002-1678-0174; Tierney, Jessica/0000-0002-9080-9289; von Gunten, Lucien/0000-0003-0425-2881; McKay, Nicholas/0000-0003-3598-5113; Thirumalai, Kaustubh/0000-0002-7875-4182; Addison, Jason/0000-0003-2416-9743; Neukom, Raphael/0000-0001-9392-0997U.S. and Swiss National Science Foundations; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - U.S. Geological Survey; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25287051, 17H02020, 16H01772, 17H01621, 15KK0027] Funding Source: KAKEN; Directorate For Geosciences; Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1619827] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Directorate For Geosciences; Division Of Earth Sciences [1347213] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Directorate For Geosciences; ICER [1541029] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Division Of Earth Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences [1440015] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; ICER; Directorate For Geosciences [1540996] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; NERC [bas0100034] Funding Source: UKRIU.S. and Swiss National Science Foundations; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis - U.S. Geological Survey; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Directorate For Geosciences; Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Directorate For Geosciences; Division Of Earth Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Directorate For Geosciences; ICER(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Division Of Earth Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); ICER; Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))PAGES, a core project of Future Earth, is supported by the U.S. and Swiss National Science Foundations. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Some of this work was conducted as part of the North America 2k Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. B. Bauer, W. Gross, and E. Gille (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information) are gratefully acknowledged for helping assemble the data citations and creating the NCEI versions of the PAGES 2k data records. We thank all the investigators whose commitment to data sharing enables the open science ethos embodied by this project.313193196<180 Day Usage Count>9158NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2052-4463SCI DATASci. DataJUL 1120174
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.8833Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsFA1CVGreen Accepted, gold, Green Submitted, Green PublishedYN2023-03-12WOS:0004051776000010 NData PaperScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021
FLUXNET-CH4: a global, multi-ecosystem dataset and analysis of methane seasonality from freshwater wetlands
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAEDDY-CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TIME-SERIES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CH4 EXCHANGE; EMISSIONS; CO2; SALINITYDelwiche, KB; Knox, SH; Malhotra, A; Fluet-Chouinard, E; McNicol, G; Feron, S; Ouyang, ZT; Papale, D; Trotta, C; Canfora, E; Cheah, YW; Christianson, D; Alberto, MCR; Alekseychik, P; Aurela, M; Baldocchi, D; Bansal, S; Billesbach, DP; Bohrer, G; Bracho, R; Buchmann, N; Campbell, DI; Celis, G; Chen, JQ; Chen, WN; Chu, H; Dalmagro, HJ; Dengel, S; Desai, AR; Detto, M; Dolman, H; Eichelmann, E; Euskirchen, E; Famulari, D; Fuchs, K; Goeckede, M; Gogo, S; Gondwe, MJ; Goodrich, JP; Gottschalk, P; Graham, SL; Heimann, M; Helbig, M; Helfter, C; Hemes, KS; Hirano, T; Hollinger, D; Hortnagl, L; Iwata, H; Jacotot, A; Jurasinski, G; Kang, M; Kasak, K; King, J; Klatt, J; Koebsch, F; Krauss, KW; Lai, DYF; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Marchesini, LB; Manca, G; Matthes, JH; Maximov, T; Merbold, L; Mitra, B; Morin, TH; Nemitz, E; Nilsson, MB; Niu, SL; Oechel, WC; Oikawa, PY; Ono, K; Peichl, M; Peltola, O; Reba, ML; Richardson, AD; Riley, W; Runkle, BRK; Ryu, Y; Sachs, T; Sakabe, A; Sanchez, CR; Schuur, EA; Schafer, KVR; Sonnentag, O; Sparks, JP; Stuart-Haeentjens, E; Sturtevant, C; Sullivan, RC; Szutu, DJ; Thom, JE; Torn, MS; Tuittila, ES; Turner, J; Ueyama, M; Valach, AC; Vargas, R; Varlagin, A; Vazquez-Lule, A; Verfaillie, JG; Vesala, T; Vourlitis, GL; Ward, EJ; Wille, C; Wohlfahrt, G; Wong, GX; Zhang, Z; Zona, D; Windham-Myers, L; Poulter, B; Jackson, RBDelwiche, Kyle B.; Knox, Sara Helen; Malhotra, Avni; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; McNicol, Gavin; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao; Papale, Dario; Trotta, Carlo; Canfora, Eleonora; Cheah, You-Wei; Christianson, Danielle; Alberto, Ma Carmelita R.; Alekseychik, Pavel; Aurela, Mika; Baldocchi, Dennis; Bansal, Sheel; Billesbach, David P.; Bohrer, Gil; Bracho, Rosvel; Buchmann, Nina; Campbell, David I.; Celis, Gerardo; Chen, Jiquan; Chen, Weinan; Chu, Housen; Dalmagro, Higo J.; Dengel, Sigrid; Desai, Ankur R.; Detto, Matteo; Dolman, Han; Eichelmann, Elke; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Famulari, Daniela; Fuchs, Kathrin; Goeckede, Mathias; Gogo, Sebastien; Gondwe, Mangaliso J.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Gottschalk, Pia; Graham, Scott L.; Heimann, Martin; Helbig, Manuel; Helfter, Carole; Hemes, Kyle S.; Hirano, Takashi; Hollinger, David; Hortnagl, Lukas; Iwata, Hiroki; Jacotot, Adrien; Jurasinski, Gerald; Kang, Minseok; Kasak, Kuno; King, John; Klatt, Janina; Koebsch, Franziska; Krauss, Ken W.; Lai, Derrick Y. F.; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Marchesini, Luca Belelli; Manca, Giovanni; Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala; Maximov, Trofim; Merbold, Lutz; Mitra, Bhaskar; Morin, Timothy H.; Nemitz, Eiko; Nilsson, Mats B.; Niu, Shuli; Oechel, Walter C.; Oikawa, Patricia Y.; Ono, Keisuke; Peichl, Matthias; Peltola, Olli; Reba, Michele L.; Richardson, Andrew D.; Riley, William; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Ryu, Youngryel; Sachs, Torsten; Sakabe, Ayaka; Sanchez, Camilo Rey; Schuur, Edward A.; Schafer, Karina V. R.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Sparks, Jed P.; Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen; Sturtevant, Cove; Sullivan, Ryan C.; Szutu, Daphne J.; Thom, Jonathan E.; Torn, Margaret S.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Valach, Alex C.; Vargas, Rodrigo; Varlagin, Andrej; Vazquez-Lule, Alma; Verfaillie, Joseph G.; Vesala, Timo; Vourlitis, George L.; Ward, Eric J.; Wille, Christian; Wohlfahrt, Georg; Wong, Guan Xhuan; Zhang, Zhen; Zona, Donatella; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Poulter, Benjamin; Jackson, Robert B.EnglishMethane (CH4) emissions from natural landscapes constitute roughly half of global CH4 contributions to the atmosphere, yet large uncertainties remain in the absolute magnitude and the seasonality of emission quantities and drivers. Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of CH4 flux are ideal for constraining ecosystem-scale CH4 emissions due to quasi-continuous and high-temporal-resolution CH4 flux measurements, coincident carbon dioxide, water, and energy flux measurements, lack of ecosystem disturbance, and increased availability of datasets over the last decade. Here, we (1) describe the newly published dataset, FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0, the first open-source global dataset of CH4 EC measurements (available at https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/, last access: 7 April 2021). FLUXNET-CH4 includes half-hourly and daily gap-filled and non-gap-filled aggregated CH4 fluxes and meteorological data from 79 sites globally: 42 freshwater wetlands, 6 brackish and saline wetlands, 7 formerly drained ecosystems, 7 rice paddy sites, 2 lakes, and 15 uplands. Then, we (2) evaluate FLUXNET-CH4 representativeness for freshwater wetland coverage globally because the majority of sites in FLUXNET-CH4 Version 1.0 are freshwater wetlands which are a substantial source of total atmospheric CH4 emissions; and (3) we provide the first global estimates of the seasonal variability and seasonality predictors of freshwater wetland CH4 fluxes. Our representativeness analysis suggests that the freshwater wetland sites in the dataset cover global wetland bioclimatic attributes (encompassing energy, moisture, and vegetation-related parameters) in arctic, boreal, and temperate regions but only sparsely cover humid tropical regions. Seasonality metrics of wetland CH4 emissions vary considerably across latitudinal bands. In freshwater wetlands (except those between 20 degrees S to 20 degrees N) the spring onset of elevated CH4 emissions starts 3 d earlier, and the CH4 emission season lasts 4 d longer, for each degree Celsius increase in mean annual air temperature. On average, the spring onset of increasing CH4 emissions lags behind soil warming by 1 month, with very few sites experiencing increased CH4 emissions prior to the onset of soil warming. In contrast, roughly half of these sites experience the spring onset of rising CH4 emissions prior to the spring increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). The timing of peak summer CH4 emissions does not correlate with the timing for either peak summer temperature or peak GPP. Our results provide seasonality parameters for CH4 modeling and highlight seasonality metrics that cannot be predicted by temperature or GPP (i.e., seasonality of CH4 peak). FLUXNET-CH4 is a powerful new resource for diagnosing and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems and climate drivers in the global CH4 cycle, and future additions of sites in tropical ecosystems and site years of data collection will provide added value to this database. All seasonality parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4672601 (Delwiche et al., 2021). Additionally, raw FLUXNET-CH4 data used to extract seasonality parameters can be downloaded from https://fluxnet. org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/ (last access: 7 April 2021), and a complete list of the 79 individual site data DOIs is provided in Table 2 of this paper.[Delwiche, Kyle B.; Malhotra, Avni; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; McNicol, Gavin; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao; Hemes, Kyle S.; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Knox, Sara Helen] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Feron, Sarah] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Phys, Santiago, Chile; [Papale, Dario] Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Innovaz Sistemi Biol Agroalimentari, Viterbo, Italy; [Papale, Dario; Trotta, Carlo; Canfora, Eleonora] Euro Mediterranean Ctr Climate Change CMCC, Lecce, Italy; [Cheah, You-Wei; Christianson, Danielle; Dengel, Sigrid; Riley, William; Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, Berkeley, CA USA; [Alberto, Ma Carmelita R.] Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; [Alekseychik, Pavel] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Helsinki, Finland; [Aurela, Mika; Lohila, Annalea; Peltola, Olli] Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 501, Helsinki 00101, Finland; [Baldocchi, Dennis; Sanchez, Camilo Rey; Szutu, Daphne J.; Valach, Alex C.; Verfaillie, Joseph G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Bansal, Sheel] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St Southeast, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA; [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA; [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Buchmann, Nina; Hortnagl, Lukas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Agr Sci, Dept Environm Syst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Campbell, David I.; Goodrich, Jordan P.] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand; [Celis, Gerardo] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA; [Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA; [Chen, Weinan; Niu, Shuli] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Chu, Housen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA; [Dalmagro, Higo J.] Univ Cuiaba, Environm Sci Grad Program, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Detto, Matteo] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Dolman, Han] Vrije Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Eichelmann, Elke] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Dublin, Ireland; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Famulari, Daniela] CNR, Inst Agr & Forestry Syst Mediterranean, Piazzale Enrico Fermi,1 Portici, Naples, Italy; [Fuchs, Kathrin] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Environm Re, KIT Campus Alpin, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany; [Goeckede, Mathias; Heimann, Martin] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Gogo, Sebastien; Jacotot, Adrien] Univ Orleans, CNRS, ISTO, BRGM,UMR 7327, F-45071 Orleans, France; [Gondwe, Mangaliso J.] Univ Botswana, Okavango Res Inst, Maun, Botswana; [Gottschalk, Pia; Sachs, Torsten; Wille, Christian] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Graham, Scott L.] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B2Y 1P3, Canada; [Helfter, Carole; Nemitz, Eiko] UK Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Hemes, Kyle S.; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Hirano, Takashi] Hokkaido Univ, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Hollinger, David] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Jurasinski, Gerald; Koebsch, Franziska] Univ Rostock, Landscape Ecol, Rostock, Germany; [Kang, Minseok] Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol, Seoul, South Korea; [Kasak, Kuno] Univ Tartu, Dept Geog, Vanemuise St 46, EE-51410 Tartu, Estonia; [King, John] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC USA; [Klatt, Janina] Univ Appl Sci Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Inst Ecol & Landscape, Chair Vegetat Ecol, Hofgarten 1, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany; [Krauss, Ken W.; Ward, Eric J.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA; [Lai, Derrick Y. F.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog & Resource Management, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Manca, Giovanni] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr JRC, Ispra, Italy; [Marchesini, Luca Belelli] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, San Michele All Adige, Italy; [Matthes, Jaclyn Hatala] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA; [Maximov, Trofim] RAS, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Yakutsk, Russia; [Merbold, Lutz] Mazingira Ctr, Int Livestock Res Inst ILRI, Old Naivasha Rd,POB 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; [Mitra, Bhaskar; Richardson, Andrew D.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Morin, Timothy H.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Environm Resources Engn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA; [Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden; [Oechel, Walter C.; Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Oikawa, Patricia Y.] Cal State East Bay, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA; [Ono, Keisuke] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Reba, Michele L.] USDA ARS, Delta Water Management Res Unit, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA; [Richardson, Andrew D.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Ryu, Youngryel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul, South Korea; [Sakabe, Ayaka] Kyoto Univ, Hakubi Ctr, Kyoto, Japan; [Schuur, Edward A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Schafer, Karina V. R.] Rutgers Univ Newark, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA; [Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Ithaca, NY USA; [Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA; [Sturtevant, Cove] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Battelle, 1685 38th St Ste 100, Boulder, CO 80301 USA; [Sullivan, Ryan C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Lemont, IL USA; [Thom, Jonathan E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joesnuu, Finland; [Turner, Jessica] Univ Wisconsin, Freshwater & Marine Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Osaka, Japan; [Vargas, Rodrigo; Vazquez-Lule, Alma] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA; [Varlagin, Andrej] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia; [Vesala, Timo] Yugra State Univ, Khanty Mansiysk 628012, Russia; [Vourlitis, George L.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Biol Sci Dept, San Marcos, CA USA; [Wohlfahrt, Georg] Univ Innsbruck, Dept Ecol, Sternwartestr 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [Wong, Guan Xhuan] Sarawak Trop Peat Res Inst, Sarawak, Malaysia; [Zhang, Zhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Poulter, Benjamin] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USAStanford University; University of British Columbia; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Tuscia University; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; CGIAR; International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Finnish Meteorological Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Waikato; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Michigan State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Universidade de Cuiaba; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Princeton University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University College Dublin; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFoM-CNR); Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Max Planck Society; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Orleans; CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); University of Botswana; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Landcare Research - New Zealand; Universite de Montreal; Dalhousie University; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH); Stanford University; Hokkaido University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Shinshu University; University of Rostock; University of Tartu; North Carolina State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Helsinki; European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Wellesley College; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Northern Arizona University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) College of Environmental Science & Forestry; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; California State University System; San Diego State University; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Northern Arizona University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Seoul National University (SNU); Kyoto University; Northern Arizona University; Rutgers State University Newark; Cornell University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Eastern Finland; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Delaware; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; Yugra State University; California State University System; California State University San Marcos; University of Innsbruck; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Sheffield; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Stanford UniversityDelwiche, KB (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.delwiche@stanford.eduRichardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Ryu, Youngryel/GZM-4149-2022; Runkle, B. R. K./AAC-3404-2020; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Runkle, B. R. K./ABG-5884-2021; Hirano, Takashi/A-4557-2012; Famulari, Daniela/AAC-8778-2019; Torn, Margaret/CAF-8960-2022; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Zhang, Zhen/P-4169-2016; Belelli Marchesini, Luca/M-3554-2014; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Eichelmann, Elke/AAK-5469-2021; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Ryu, Youngryel/AAH-8953-2020; Mitra, Bhaskar/AAU-8438-2021; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Chu, Housen/Q-6517-2016; Varlagin, Andrej/A-6568-2012; Papale, Dario/W-7302-2019; Wohlfahrt, Georg/D-2409-2009; Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen J/A-1521-2017; Peltola, Olli/Z-1194-2019; Merbold, Lutz/K-6103-2012; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Dalmagro, Higo José/P-7945-2017; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Wille, Christian/J-3657-2013; Lai, Derrick Y.F./B-1387-2009; Kasak, Kuno/F-6063-2017; McNicol, Gavin/O-5632-2015Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Famulari, Daniela/0000-0002-2388-9282; Torn, Margaret/0000-0002-8174-0099; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Zhang, Zhen/0000-0003-0899-1139; Belelli Marchesini, Luca/0000-0001-8408-4675; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Eichelmann, Elke/0000-0001-9516-7951; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Mitra, Bhaskar/0000-0002-6617-0884; Chu, Housen/0000-0002-8131-4938; Varlagin, Andrej/0000-0002-2549-5236; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Wohlfahrt, Georg/0000-0003-3080-6702; Stuart-Haentjens, Ellen J/0000-0001-9901-7643; Peltola, Olli/0000-0002-1744-6290; Merbold, Lutz/0000-0003-4974-170X; Dalmagro, Higo José/0000-0002-2953-2575; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Buchmann, Nina/0000-0003-0826-2980; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Trotta, Carlo/0000-0001-6377-0262; Malhotra, Avni/0000-0002-7850-6402; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Wille, Christian/0000-0003-0930-6527; Lai, Derrick Y.F./0000-0002-1225-9904; Kasak, Kuno/0000-0002-0810-2154; Jacotot, Adrien/0000-0002-0126-7597; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917; McNicol, Gavin/0000-0002-6655-8045; Matthes, Jaclyn/0000-0001-8999-8062; Oikawa, Patty/0000-0001-7852-4435; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; CANFORA, Eleonora/0000-0002-6613-8702; /0000-0002-5981-2500; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Graham, Scott/0000-0002-4751-9868; Rey-Sanchez, Camilo/0000-0003-4762-9001Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF5439]; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation [1752083, DGE-1747503, 1652594]; ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]; JSPS KAKENHI [20K21849]; RINGO [GA 730944]; SNF [40FA40_154245/1, 20FI21_148992, 20FI20_173691]; InnoFarm [407340_172433]; E-SHAPE [GA 820852]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 7079856, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NTL LTER [DEB-1440297]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2018R1C1B6002917]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/N015746/1]; California Department of Fish and Wildlife [2011-67003-30371]; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs; NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems program; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20K21849] Funding Source: KAKEN; NERC [NE/N015746/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P002552/1, NE/P003028/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NIFA [2011-67003-30371, 688735] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERGordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the US Geological Survey; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); ArCS II; JSPS KAKENHI(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); RINGO; SNF; InnoFarm; E-SHAPE; US Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); NTL LTER; National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); California Department of Fish and Wildlife; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs; NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems program; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NIFA(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture)This research has been supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. GBMF5439), the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the US Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1752083, DGE-1747503, and 1652594), the ArCS II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), the JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. 20K21849), the RINGO (grant no. GA 730944), the SNF (grant nos. 40FA40_154245/1, 20FI21_148992, and 20FI20_173691), the InnoFarm (grant no. 407340_172433), the E-SHAPE (grant no. GA 820852), the US Department of Energy (grant nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231, 7079856, and DE-AC02-06CH11357), the NTL LTER (grant no. DEB-1440297), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. NRF-2018R1C1B6002917), the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/N015746/1), the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (grant no. 2011-67003-30371), the Canada Research Chairs, the Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs, and the NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems program.1182929<180 Day Usage Count>29111COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataJUL 29202113736073689
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-202183Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesTS8HYGreen Submitted, gold, Green Accepted, Green Published2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0006798888000040 NData PaperScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020
The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-delta O-18 and delta H-2 records to aid understanding of Common Era climate
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATATROPICAL PACIFIC CLIMATE; HYDROGEN-ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; WATER-BALANCE; CORAL DELTA-O-18; STABLE-ISOTOPES; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; LAKE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENTKonecky, BL; McKay, NP; Churakova, OV; Comas-Bru, L; Dassie, EP; DeLong, KL; Falster, GM; Fischer, MJ; Jones, MD; Jonkers, L; Kaufman, DS; Leduc, G; Managave, SR; Martrat, B; Opel, T; Orsi, AJ; Partin, JW; Sayani, HR; Thomas, EK; Thompson, DM; Tyler, JJ; Abram, NJ; Atwood, AR; Cartapanis, O; Conroy, JL; Curran, MA; Dee, SG; Deininger, M; Divine, DV; Kern, Z; Porter, TJ; Stevenson, SL; von Gunten, LKonecky, Bronwen L.; McKay, Nicholas P.; Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.; Comas-Bru, Laia; Dassie, Emilie P.; DeLong, Kristine L.; Falster, Georgina M.; Fischer, Matt J.; Jones, Matthew D.; Jonkers, Lukas; Kaufman, Darrell S.; Leduc, Guillaume; Managave, Shreyas R.; Martrat, Belen; Opel, Thomas; Orsi, Anais J.; Partin, Judson W.; Sayani, Hussein R.; Thomas, Elizabeth K.; Thompson, Diane M.; Tyler, Jonathan J.; Abram, Nerilie J.; Atwood, Alyssa R.; Cartapanis, Olivier; Conroy, Jessica L.; Curran, Mark A.; Dee, Sylvia G.; Deininger, Michael; Divine, Dmitry V.; Kern, Zoltan; Porter, Trevor J.; Stevenson, Samantha L.; von Gunten, LucienIso2k ProjectEnglishReconstructions of global hydroclimate during the Common Era (CE; the past similar to 2000 years) are important for providing context for current and future global environmental change. Stable isotope ratios in water are quantitative indicators of hydroclimate on regional to global scales, and these signals are encoded in a wide range of natural geologic archives. Here we present the Iso2k database, a global compilation of previously published datasets from a variety of natural archives that record the stable oxygen (delta O-18) or hydrogen (delta H-2) isotopic compositions of environmental waters, which reflect hydroclimate changes over the CE. The Iso2k database contains 759 isotope records from the terrestrial and marine realms, including glacier and ground ice (210); speleothems (68); corals, sclerosponges, and mollusks (143); wood (81); lake sediments and other terrestrial sediments (e.g., loess) (158); and marine sediments (99). Individual datasets have temporal resolutions ranging from sub-annual to centennial and include chronological data where available. A fundamental feature of the database is its comprehensive metadata, which will assist both experts and nonexperts in the interpretation of each record and in data synthesis. Key metadata fields have standardized vocabularies to facilitate comparisons across diverse archives and with climate-model-simulated fields. This is the first global-scale collection of water isotope proxy records from multiple types of geological and biological archives. It is suitable for evaluating hydroclimate processes through time and space using large-scale synthesis, model-data intercomparison and (paleo)data assimilation. The Iso2k database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.25921/57j8-vs18 (Konecky and McKay, 2020) and is also accessible via the NOAA/WDS Paleo Data landing page: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29593 (last access: 30 July 2020).[Konecky, Bronwen L.; Falster, Georgina M.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA; [McKay, Nicholas P.; Kaufman, Darrell S.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.] Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Ecol & Geog, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia; [Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Dept Forest Dynam, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Comas-Bru, Laia] Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol Geography & Environm Sci, Russell Bldg, Reading RG6 6DR, Berks, England; [Dassie, Emilie P.] Univ Bordeaux, EPOC Lab, F-33615 Bordeaux, France; [DeLong, Kristine L.] Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA; [Fischer, Matt J.] ANSTO, NSTLI Environm, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; [Jones, Matthew D.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England; [Jonkers, Lukas] Bremen Univ, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; [Leduc, Guillaume] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE,Coll France,CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France; [Managave, Shreyas R.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Earth & Climate Sci, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; [Martrat, Belen] Spanish Council Sci Res CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA, Dept Environm Chem, Barcelona 08034, Spain; [Opel, Thomas] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Polar Terr Environm Syst & PALICE Helmholtz Young, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Orsi, Anais J.] Univ Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, L IPSL,CEA,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; [Partin, Judson W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78758 USA; [Sayani, Hussein R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA; [Thomas, Elizabeth K.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA; [Thompson, Diane M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA; [Tyler, Jonathan J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Earth Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [Abram, Nerilie J.] Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Extremes, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [Atwood, Alyssa R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Cartapanis, Olivier] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Cartapanis, Olivier] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; [Conroy, Jessica L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61822 USA; [Curran, Mark A.] Australian Antarctic Div, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia; [Dee, Sylvia G.] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA; [Deininger, Michael] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; [Divine, Dmitry V.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Kern, Zoltan] MTA Ctr Excellence, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Inst Geol & Geochem Res, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary; [Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; [Stevenson, Samantha L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [von Gunten, Lucien] PAGES Int Project Off, CH-3012 Bern, SwitzerlandWashington University (WUSTL); Northern Arizona University; Siberian Federal University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Reading; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite de Bordeaux; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation; University of Nottingham; University of Bremen; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille Universite; Universite PSL; College de France; Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Pune; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pascual Vila (CID-CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Diagnostico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA); Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo; University of Arizona; University of Adelaide; Australian National University; Australian National University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Bern; University of Bern; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Australian Antarctic Division; Rice University; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Norwegian Polar Institute; Eotvos Lorand Research Network; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Hungarian Research Centre for Astronomy & Earth Sciences; Institute for Geological & Geochemical Research - HAS; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; University of California System; University of California Santa BarbaraKonecky, BL (corresponding author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.bkonecky@wustl.eduCartapanis, Olivier/AAM-9779-2021; Abram, Nerilie/AAT-5171-2021; Marie-Alexandrine, Sicre/AAR-1516-2020; DeLong, Kristine L/B-7500-2008; Falster, Georgina/AEN-9770-2022; Braun, Kerstin/F-4492-2011; Carre, Matthieu/G-6324-2012; Martrat, Belen/I-5952-2015; Mortyn, P. Graham/I-3860-2015; Opel, Thomas/O-9037-2014Cartapanis, Olivier/0000-0001-8542-6884; Marie-Alexandrine, Sicre/0000-0002-5015-1400; DeLong, Kristine L/0000-0001-6320-421X; Falster, Georgina/0000-0001-8567-7413; Braun, Kerstin/0000-0003-4028-7758; Carre, Matthieu/0000-0001-8178-7316; McKay, Nicholas/0000-0003-3598-5113; Abram, Nerilie/0000-0003-1246-2344; von Gunten, Lucien/0000-0003-0425-2881; Partin, Judson/0000-0003-0315-5545; Martrat, Belen/0000-0001-9904-9178; Mortyn, P. Graham/0000-0002-9473-4309; Opel, Thomas/0000-0003-1315-8256Swiss Academy of Sciences; US National Science Foundation; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NSF-AGS [1805141]; NSF-AGS PRF [1433408]; PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiative; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Swiss Academy of Sciences; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); NSF-AGS; NSF-AGS PRF; PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiative; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF))PAGES received support from the Swiss Academy of Sciences, the US National Science Foundation, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Support for this work includes NSF-AGS no. 1805141 to Bronwen L. Konecky and Samantha L. Stevenson and NSF-AGS PRF no. 1433408 to Bronwen L. Konecky. Lukas Jonkers was funded through PalMod, the German paleoclimate modeling initiative. PalMod is part of the Research for Sustainable Development initiative funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).1222424<180 Day Usage Count>420COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataSEP 23202012322612288
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-202028Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesNX0JBGreen Submitted, Green Accepted, gold2023-03-12WOS:0005754043000010 NData PaperScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022
The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; WILDFIRE; IMPACT; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS; PALEOFIRE; HISTORYHarrison, SP; Villegas-Diaz, R; Cruz-Silva, E; Gallagher, D; Kesner, D; Lincoln, P; Shen, YC; Sweeney, L; Colombaroli, D; Ali, A; Barhoumi, C; Bergeron, Y; Blyakharchuk, T; Bobek, P; Bradshaw, R; Clear, JL; Czerwinski, S; Daniau, AL; Dodson, J; Edwards, KJ; Edwards, ME; Feurdean, A; Foster, D; Gajewski, K; Galka, M; Garneau, M; Giesecke, T; Romera, GG; Girardin, MP; Hoefer, D; Huang, KY; Inoue, J; Jamrichova, E; Jasiunas, N; Jiang, WY; Jimenez-Moreno, G; Karpinska-Kolaczek, M; Kolaczek, P; Kuosmanen, N; Lamentowicz, M; Lavoie, M; Li, F; Li, JY; Lisitsyna, O; Lopez-Saez, JA; Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R; Magnan, G; Magyari, EK; Maksims, A; Marcisz, K; Marinova, E; Marlon, J; Mensing, S; Miroslaw-Grabowska, J; Oswald, W; Perez-Diaz, S; Perez-Obiol, R; Piilo, S; Poska, A; Qin, XG; Remy, CC; Richard, PJH; Salonen, S; Sasaki, N; Schneider, H; Shotyk, W; Stancikaite, M; Steinberga, D; Stivrins, N; Takahara, H; Tan, ZH; Trasune, L; Umbanhowar, CE; Valiranta, M; Vassiljev, J; Xiao, XY; Xu, QH; Xu, X; Zawisza, E; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Z; Paillard, JHarrison, Sandy P.; Villegas-Diaz, Roberto; Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda; Gallagher, Daniel; Kesner, David; Lincoln, Paul; Shen, Yicheng; Sweeney, Luke; Colombaroli, Daniele; Ali, Adam; Barhoumi, Cheima; Bergeron, Yves; Blyakharchuk, Tatiana; Bobek, Premysl; Bradshaw, Richard; Clear, Jennifer L.; Czerwinski, Sambor; Daniau, Anne-Laure; Dodson, John; Edwards, Kevin J.; Edwards, Mary E.; Feurdean, Angelica; Foster, David; Gajewski, Konrad; Galka, Mariusz; Garneau, Michelle; Giesecke, Thomas; Gil Romera, Graciela; Girardin, Martin P.; Hoefer, Dana; Huang, Kangyou; Inoue, Jun; Jamrichova, Eva; Jasiunas, Nauris; Jiang, Wenying; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika; Kolaczek, Piotr; Kuosmanen, Niina; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Lavoie, Martin; Li, Fang; Li, Jianyong; Lisitsyna, Olga; Lopez-Saez, Jose Antonio; Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes; Magnan, Gabriel; Magyari, Eniko Katalin; Maksims, Alekss; Marcisz, Katarzyna; Marinova, Elena; Marlon, Jenn; Mensing, Scott; Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna; Oswald, Wyatt; Perez-Diaz, Sebastian; Perez-Obiol, Ramon; Piilo, Sanna; Poska, Anneli; Qin, Xiaoguang; Remy, Cecile C.; Richard, Pierre J. H.; Salonen, Sakari; Sasaki, Naoko; Schneider, Hieke; Shotyk, William; Stancikaite, Migle; Steinberga, Dace; Stivrins, Normunds; Takahara, Hikaru; Tan, Zhihai; Trasune, Liva; Umbanhowar, Charles E.; Valiranta, Minna; Vassiljev, Juri; Xiao, Xiayun; Xu, Qinghai; Xu, Xin; Zawisza, Edyta; Zhao, Yan; Zhou, Zheng; Paillard, JordanEnglishSedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1676 records (entities) from 1480 sites worldwide. The database (RPDv1b - Harrison et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000345.[Harrison, Sandy P.; Villegas-Diaz, Roberto; Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda; Kesner, David; Lincoln, Paul; Shen, Yicheng; Sweeney, Luke] Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England; [Harrison, Sandy P.; Gallagher, Daniel; Kesner, David; Lincoln, Paul; Sweeney, Luke; Colombaroli, Daniele] Imperial Coll London, Leverhulme Ctr Wildfires Environm & Soc, London SW7 2BW, England; [Gallagher, Daniel; Colombaroli, Daniele] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0SS, Surrey, England; [Ali, Adam] Univ Montpellier, Inst Sci Evolut Montpellier, CNRS, IRD,EPHE, F-34090 Montpellier, France; [Barhoumi, Cheima] Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Palynol & Climate Dynam, Untere Karspule 2, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue UQAT, Forest Res Inst IRF, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Blyakharchuk, Tatiana] Russian Acad Sci IMCES SB RAS, Siberian Branch, Inst Monitoring Climat & Ecol Syst, Tomsk 634055, Russia; [Bobek, Premysl; Jamrichova, Eva] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lidicka 25-27, Brno 60200, Czech Republic; [Bradshaw, Richard] Univ Liverpool, Geog & Planning, Liverpool L69 7ZT, Merseyside, England; [Clear, Jennifer L.] Liverpool Hope Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Taggart St, Liverpool L16 9JD, Merseyside, England; [Czerwinski, Sambor; Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika; Kolaczek, Piotr; Marcisz, Katarzyna] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Geog & Geol Sci, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Bogumila Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Daniau, Anne-Laure] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Environm & Paleoenvironm Ocean & Continentaux EPO, F-33615 Pessac, France; [Dodson, John] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, Keji 1st Rd, Xian 710061, Shaanxi, Peoples R China; [Dodson, John] Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth Atmospher & Life Sci, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geog & Environm, Aberdeen AB24 3UX, Scotland; [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Archaeol, Aberdeen AB24 3UX, Scotland; [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Cambridge, McDonald Inst Archaeol Res, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England; [Edwards, Kevin J.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England; [Edwards, Mary E.] Univ Southampton, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Feurdean, Angelica] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Geog, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; [Foster, David; Oswald, Wyatt] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA; [Gajewski, Konrad] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Galka, Mariusz] Univ Lodz, Dept Biogeog Paleoecol & Nat Protect, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, 1-3 Banacha St, PL-90237 Lodz, Poland; [Garneau, Michelle; Magnan, Gabriel] Univ Quebec Montreal, Geotop, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, Canada; [Giesecke, Thomas] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Phys Geog, NL-2584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands; [Gil Romera, Graciela] CSIC, Inst Pirenaico Ecol, Avda Montanana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain; [Gil Romera, Graciela] Philipps Univ Marburg, Plant Ecol & Geobot, Karl Von Frisch Str 8, D-35037 Marburg, Germany; [Girardin, Martin P.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V V4C, Canada; [Hoefer, Dana] Senckenberg Res Stn Quaternary Palaeontol, Jakobskirchhof 4, D-99423 Weimar, Germany; [Huang, Kangyou; Zhou, Zheng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China; [Inoue, Jun] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geosci, Osaka 5588585, Japan; [Jasiunas, Nauris; Stivrins, Normunds; Trasune, Liva] Univ Latvia, Dept Geog, Jelgavas Iela 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; [Jiang, Wenying; Qin, Xiaoguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, 19 Beitucheng West Rd, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China; [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Avda Fuente Nueva S-N, Granada 18002, Spain; [Kuosmanen, Niina; Salonen, Sakari; Trasune, Liva] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Geog & Geol Sci, Bogumila Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Lavoie, Martin] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Li, Fang; Xu, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China; [Li, Jianyong] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Car, Xian 710127, Peoples R China; [Lisitsyna, Olga; Poska, Anneli; Stivrins, Normunds; Vassiljev, Juri] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Geol, Ehitajate Tee 5, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [Lisitsyna, Olga] Russian State Agr Univ, Timiryazevskaya St 49, Moscow 127550, Russia; [Lopez-Saez, Jose Antonio; Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes] CSIC, Hist Inst, Environm Archaeol Res Grp, Madrid 28037, Spain; [Magyari, Eniko Katalin] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Environm & Landscape Geog, ELKH MTM ELTE Res Grp Paleontol, Pazmany Peter Stny 1-C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; [Maksims, Alekss; Steinberga, Dace] Univ Latvia, Dept Geol, Jelgavas Iela 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; [Marinova, Elena] State Off Cultural Heritage Baden Wurttemberg, Lab Archaeobot, Fischersteig 9, D-78343 Gaienhofen Hemmenhofen, Germany; [Marlon, Jenn] Yale Sch Environm, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; [Mensing, Scott] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA; [Bobek, Premysl; Miroslaw-Grabowska, Joanna; Zawisza, Edyta] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geol Sci, Twarda 51-55, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland; [Oswald, Wyatt] Emerson Coll, Marlboro Inst Liberal Arts & Interdisciplinary St, Boston, MA 02116 USA; [Perez-Diaz, Sebastian] Univ Cantabria, Dept Geog Urban & Reg Planning, Santander 39005, Spain; [Perez-Obiol, Ramon] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Biociencies, Unitat Bot, Barcelona 08193, Spain; [Piilo, Sanna; Valiranta, Minna] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Environm Change Res Unit ECRU, Ecosyst,Environm Res Programme, Viikinkaari 1,POB 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Poska, Anneli] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Remy, Cecile C.] Univ Augsburg, Inst Geog, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany; Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Sasaki, Naoko] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakyo Ku, 1-5 Hangi Cho, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; [Schneider, Hieke] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Geog, Lobdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; [Shotyk, William] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 348B South Acad Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Stancikaite, Migle] Nat Res Ctr, Inst Geol & Geog, Akademijos St 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; [Stivrins, Normunds] Univ Latvia, Inst Latvian Hist, Kalpaka Blv 4, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia; [Takahara, Hikaru] Kyoto Prefectural Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sakyo Ku, 1-5 Hangi Cho, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; [Tan, Zhihai] Xian Polytech Univ, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Xian 710048, Shaanxi, Peoples R China; [Umbanhowar, Charles E.] St Olaf Coll, Dept Biol, 1520 St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN 55057 USA; [Umbanhowar, Charles E.] St Olaf Coll, Dept Environm Studies, 1520 St Olaf Ave, Northfield, MN 55057 USA; [Xiao, Xiayun] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; [Xu, Qinghai] Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Reading; Imperial College London; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); University of Gottingen; University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Institute of Monitoring of Climatic & Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool Hope University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite de Bordeaux; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; University of Wollongong; University of Aberdeen; University of Aberdeen; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Southampton; Goethe University Frankfurt; Harvard University; University of Ottawa; University of Lodz; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Utrecht University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE); Philipps University Marburg; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Sun Yat Sen University; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Latvia; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; University of Granada; University of Helsinki; Adam Mickiewicz University; Laval University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS; Northwest University Xi'an; Tallinn University of Technology; Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Historia (IH); Eotvos Lorand Research Network; Office for Supported Research Groups (ELKH); Eotvos Lorand University; University of Latvia; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; Polish Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geological Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Universidad de Cantabria; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Helsinki; Lund University; University of Augsburg; Universite de Montreal; Kyoto Prefectural University; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; University of Alberta; Nature Research Center - Lithuania; University of Latvia; Kyoto Prefectural University; Xi'an Polytechnic University; Saint Olaf College; Saint Olaf College; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS; Hebei Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CASHarrison, SP (corresponding author), Univ Reading, Sch Archaeol Geog & Environm Sci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England.;Harrison, SP (corresponding author), Imperial Coll London, Leverhulme Ctr Wildfires Environm & Soc, London SW7 2BW, England.s.p.harrison@reading.ac.ukKołaczek, Piotr/HLX-2920-2023; Inoue, Jun/A-4200-2009; Pérez-Díaz, Sebastian/AAB-3124-2019; Stivrins, Normunds/H-5661-2019; Bobek, Premysl/D-3560-2013; Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika/HMP-0354-2023; Marinova, Elena/E-9935-2010; Marcisz, Katarzyna/C-4021-2013; Gil-Romera, Graciela/C-9262-2016Inoue, Jun/0000-0002-7409-2556; Pérez-Díaz, Sebastian/0000-0002-2702-0058; Stivrins, Normunds/0000-0002-1136-0146; Bobek, Premysl/0000-0002-7147-7274; Marinova, Elena/0000-0003-3793-3317; Marcisz, Katarzyna/0000-0003-2655-9729; Kolaczek, Piotr/0000-0003-2552-8269; Salonen, Sakari/0000-0002-8847-9081; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903; Trasune, Liva/0000-0001-7843-1378; Karpinska-Kolaczek, Monika/0000-0002-3249-7408; Shen, Yicheng/0000-0001-8106-3254; Barhoumi, Cheima/0000-0002-2408-753X; Gil-Romera, Graciela/0000-0001-5726-2536; Lincoln, Paul/0000-0003-0566-2970; Feurdean, Angelica/0000-0002-2497-3005; Garneau, Michelle/0000-0002-1956-9243Leverhulme Trust [RC-2018-023]; European Research Council [694481]; German Research Foundation [FE-1096/6-1]; Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarships [FIRECO 2016.0310]; National Science Centre of Poland [2015/17/B/ST10/01656]; SCIEX Scholarship Fund [PSPB-013/2010]; Estonian Research Council [MOBJD313]Leverhulme Trust(Leverhulme Trust); European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); German Research Foundation(German Research Foundation (DFG)); Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarships; National Science Centre of Poland(National Science Centre, Poland); SCIEX Scholarship Fund; Estonian Research Council(Estonian Research Council)This research has been supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant no. RC-2018-023), the European Research Council (grant no. 694481), the German Research Foundation (grant no. FE-1096/6-1), the Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarships (grant no. FIRECO 2016.0310), the National Science Centre of Poland (grant no. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656), the SCIEX Scholarship Fund (grant no. PSPB-013/2010), and the Estonian Research Council (grant no. MOBJD313).5711<180 Day Usage Count>1227COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataMAR 11202214311091124
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1109-202216Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesZV9PQGreen Submitted, Green Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0007708561000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00578-z
Arctic tidal current atlas
Article; Data PaperSCIENTIFIC DATALAPTEV SEA; OCEAN; TIDES; ICE; STRAIT; WINDBaumann, TM; Polyakov, IV; Padman, L; Danielson, S; Fer, I; Janout, M; Williams, W; Pnyushkov, AVBaumann, Till M.; Polyakov, Igor V.; Padman, Laurie; Danielson, Seth; Fer, Ilker; Janout, Markus; Williams, William; Pnyushkov, Andrey V.EnglishTidal and wind-driven near-inertial currents play a vital role in the changing Arctic climate and the marine ecosystems. We compiled 429 available moored current observations taken over the last two decades throughout the Arctic to assemble a pan-Arctic atlas of tidal band currents. The atlas contains different tidal current products designed for the analysis of tidal parameters from monthly to inter-annual time scales. On shorter time scales, wind-driven inertial currents cannot be analytically separated from semidiurnal tidal constituents. Thus, we include 10-30 h band-pass filtered currents, which include all semidiurnal and diurnal tidal constituents as well as wind-driven inertial currents for the analysis of high-frequency variability of ocean dynamics. This allows for a wide range of possible uses, including local case studies of baroclinic tidal currents, assessment of long-term trends in tidal band kinetic energy and Arctic-wide validation of ocean circulation models. This atlas may also be a valuable tool for resource management and industrial applications such as fisheries, navigation and offshore construction.[Baumann, Till M.; Polyakov, Igor V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks UAF, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Baumann, Till M.; Polyakov, Igor V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks UAF, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Baumann, Till M.; Polyakov, Igor V.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Padman, Laurie] Earth & Space Res, Corvallis, OR USA; [Danielson, Seth] UAF, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Fer, Ilker] Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Bergen, Norway; [Fer, Ilker] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway; [Janout, Markus] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Williams, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sydney, BC, Canada; [Pnyushkov, Andrey V.] UAF, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Pnyushkov, Andrey V.] Hokkaido Univ, Global Inst Collaborat Res & Educ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanFinnish Meteorological Institute; University of Bergen; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Hokkaido UniversityBaumann, TM (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks UAF, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.;Baumann, TM (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks UAF, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.;Baumann, TM (corresponding author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland.till.baumann@uib.noPnyushkov, Andrey/M-3156-2019; Padman, Laurence/AAH-3808-2021; Fer, Ilker/C-7820-2012Pnyushkov, Andrey/0000-0001-9112-6458; Fer, Ilker/0000-0002-2427-2532; Danielson, Seth/0000-0002-9191-4363; Padman, Laurence/0000-0003-2010-642XNSF [1249182, 1708427, 1708424]; UAF Global Change Student Research Grant award; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; Research Council of Norway [294396]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03G0833]NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); UAF Global Change Student Research Grant award; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF))Analyses presented in this paper are supported by NSF grants 1249182 (TB, IP, LP, AP), 1708427 (TB, IP, AP, SD) and 1708424 (LP). TB was supported in part by a UAF Global Change Student Research Grant award with funds from the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research. IF received support from the Research Council of Norway through the project 294396. MJ acknowledges financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF grant 03G0833).481212<180 Day Usage Count>01NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2052-4463SCI DATASci. DataAUG 21202071
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00578-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00578-z11Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsNL0HI32826909Green Published, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0005671069000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCanadaAllHydrometric stations maintained by Environment and Climate Change CanadaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1835-2020
A Canadian River Ice Database from the National Hydrometric Program Archives
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATABREAK-UP; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; MACKENZIE DELTA; JAM; HYDROLOGY; TRENDS; FLOW; FREQUENCY; CLIMATE; STORAGEde Rham, L; Dibike, Y; Beltaos, S; Peters, D; Bonsal, B; Prowse, Tde Rham, Laurent; Dibike, Yonas; Beltaos, Spyros; Peters, Daniel; Bonsal, Barrie; Prowse, TerryEnglishRiver ice, like open-water conditions, is an integral component of the cold-climate hydrological cycle. The annual succession of river ice formation, growth, decay and clearance can include low flows and ice jams, as well as midwinter and spring break-up events. Reports and associated data of river ice occurrence are often limited to single locations or regional assessments, are season-specific, and use readily available data. Within Canada, the National Hydrometric Program (NHP) operates a network of gauging stations with water level as the primary measured variable to derive discharge. In the late 1990s, the Water Science and Technology Directorate of Environment and Climate Change Canada initiated a long-term effort to compile, archive and extract riverice-related information from NHP hydrometric records. This data article describes the original research data set produced by this near 20-year effort: the Canadian River Ice Database (CRID). The CRID holds almost 73 000 recorded variables from a subset of 196 NHP stations throughout Canada that were in operation within the period 1894 to 2015. Over 100 000 paper and digital files were reviewed, representing 10 378 station years of active operation. The task of compiling this database involved manual extraction and input of more than 460 000 data entries on water level, discharge, ice thickness, date, time and data quality rating. Guidelines on the data extraction, rating procedure and challenges are provided. At each location, time series of up to 15 variables specific to the occurrence of freeze-up and winter-low events, midwinter break-up, ice thickness, spring break-up, and maximum open-water level were compiled. This database follows up on several earlier efforts to compile information on river ice, which are summarized herein, and expands the scope and detail for use in Canadian river ice research and applications. Following the Government of Canada Open Data initiative, this original river ice data set is available at https://doi.org/10.18164/c21e1852-ba8e-44af-bc13-48eeedfcf2f4 (de Rham et al., 2020).[de Rham, Laurent; Dibike, Yonas; Peters, Daniel; Prowse, Terry] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Beltaos, Spyros] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canadade Rham, L (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.laurent.derham@canada.ca9766<180 Day Usage Count>17COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataAUG 24202012318351860
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1835-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1835-202026Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesNG1RRGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005637649000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCanadaAllSnow measurement stations maintained by the Government of the Northwest TerritoriesNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4603-2021
Canadian historical Snow Water Equivalent dataset (CanSWE, 1928-2020)
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATADEPTH; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; MODEL; MASSVionnet, V; Mortimer, C; Brady, M; Arnal, L; Brown, RVionnet, Vincent; Mortimer, Colleen; Brady, Mike; Arnal, Louise; Brown, RossEnglishIn situ measurements of water equivalent of snow cover (SWE) - the vertical depth of water that would be obtained if all the snow cover melted completely - are used in many applications including water management, flood forecasting, climate monitoring, and evaluation of hydrological and land surface models. The Canadian historical SWE dataset (CanSWE) combines manual and automated pan-Canadian SWE observations collected by national, provincial and territorial agencies as well as hydropower companies. Snow depth (SD) and bulk snow density (defined as the ratio of SWE to SD) are also included when available. This new dataset supersedes the previous Canadian Historical Snow Survey (CHSSD) dataset published by Brown et al. (2019), and this paper describes the efforts made to correct metadata, remove duplicate observations and quality control records. The CanSWE dataset was compiled from 15 different sources and includes SWE information for all provinces and territories that measure SWE. Data were updated to July 2020, and new historical data from the Government of Northwest Territories, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Saskatchewan Water Security Agency, and Hydro-Quebec were included. CanSWE includes over 1 million SWE measurements from 2607 different locations across Canada over the period 1928-2020. It is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734371 (Vionnet et al., 2021).[Vionnet, Vincent] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada; [Mortimer, Colleen; Brady, Mike; Brown, Ross] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Arnal, Louise] Univ Saskatchewan, Coldwater Lab, Canmore, AB, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of SaskatchewanVionnet, V (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Meteorol Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada.vincent.vionnet@ec.gc.caVionnet, Vincent/AFZ-4794-2022Vionnet, Vincent/0000-0002-9142-97395788<180 Day Usage Count>210COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataSEP 24202113946034619
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4603-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4603-202117Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWN2BQGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0007115795000020 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, Dehcho, North SlaveMackenzie Delta, Smith Creek, Scotty Creek Research Station, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022
Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; METHANE EMISSIONS; PEATLAND CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLUX DATA; CO2 FLUX; PART 1; TUNDRA; TERRESTRIALPallandt, MMTA; Kumar, J; Mauritz, M; Schuur, EAG; Virkkala, AM; Celis, G; Hoffman, FM; Gockede, MPallandt, Martijn M. T. A.; Kumar, Jitendra; Mauritz, Marguerite; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Celis, Gerardo; Hoffman, Forrest M.; Goeckede, MathiasEnglishLarge changes in the Arctic carbon balance are expected as warming linked to climate change threatens to destabilize ancient permafrost carbon stocks. The eddy covariance (EC) method is an established technique to quantify net losses and gains of carbon between the biosphere and atmosphere at high spatiotemporal resolution. Over the past decades, a growing network of terrestrial EC tower sites has been established across the Arctic, but a comprehensive assessment of the network's representativeness within the heterogeneous Arctic region is still lacking. This creates additional uncertainties when integrating flux data across sites, for example when upscaling fluxes to constrain pan-Arctic carbon budgets and changes therein. This study provides an inventory of Arctic (here > = 60 degrees N) EC sites, which has also been made available online (https://cosima.nceas.ucsb.edu/carbon-flux-sites/, last access: 25 January 2022). Our database currently comprises 120 EC sites, but only 83 are listed as active, and just 25 of these active sites remain operational throughout the winter. To map the representativeness of this EC network, we evaluated the similarity between environmental conditions observed at the tower locations and those within the larger Arctic study domain based on 18 bioclimatic and edaphic variables. This allows us to assess a general level of similarity between ecosystem conditions within the domain, while not necessarily reflecting changes in greenhouse gas flux rates directly. We define two metrics based on this representativeness score: one that measures whether a location is represented by an EC tower with similar characteristics (ER1) and a second for which we assess if a minimum level of representation for statistically rigorous extrapolation is met (ER4). We find that while half of the domain is represented by at least one tower, only a third has enough towers in similar locations to allow reliable extrapolation. When we consider methane measurements or year-round (including wintertime) measurements, the values drop to about 1/5 and 1/10 of the domain, respectively. With the majority of sites located in Fennoscandia and Alaska, these regions were assigned the highest level of network representativeness, while large parts of Siberia and patches of Canada were classified as underrepresented. Across the Arctic, mountainous regions were particularly poorly represented by the current EC observation network. We tested three different strategies to identify new site locations or upgrades of existing sites that optimally enhance the representativeness of the current EC network. While 15 new sites can improve the representativeness of the pan-Arctic network by 20 %, upgrading as few as 10 existing sites to capture methane fluxes or remain active during wintertime can improve their respective ER1 network coverage by 28 % to 33 %. This targeted network improvement could be shown to be clearly superior to an unguided selection of new sites, therefore leading to substantial improvements in network coverage based on relatively small investments.[Pallandt, Martijn M. T. A.; Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Kumar, Jitendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Mauritz, Marguerite] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79902 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Virkkala, Anna-Maria] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Celis, Gerardo] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA; [Hoffman, Forrest M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USAMax Planck Society; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National LaboratoryPallandt, MMTA (corresponding author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, D-07745 Jena, Germany.mpall@bgc-jena.mpg.deGoeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Kumar, Jitendra/G-8601-2013Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Kumar, Jitendra/0000-0002-0159-0546; Pallandt, Martijn/0000-0003-0858-8227Max Planck Society; European Commission [727890]; Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation Scientific Focus Area (RUBISCO SFA) - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of ScienceMax Planck Society(Max Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX); European Commission(European CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre); Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation Scientific Focus Area (RUBISCO SFA) - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of ScienceThis work was supported by the Max Planck Society and through funding by the European Commission (INTAROS project, H2020-BG-09-2016, grant agreement no. 727890). Jitendra Kumar and Forrest M. Hoffman were supported by the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) and the Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation Scientific Focus Area (RUBISCO SFA), which are sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science.9399<180 Day Usage Count>414COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesFEB 22022193559583
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-202225Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyYT8WAgold, Green Submitted2023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0007516328000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Richards Island, Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Husky Lakes, east arm of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00005
Size Distributions of Arctic Waterbodies Reveal Consistent Relations in Their Statistical Moments in Space and Time
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEpermafrost; hydrology; waterbodies; size distribution; thermokarst; statistical moments; ponds; lakesSOIL-MOISTURE; PERMAFROST LANDSCAPE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-WATER; LAKES; PONDS; METHANE; STORAGE; DEGRADATION; THERMOKARSTMuster, S; Riley, WJ; Roth, K; Langer, M; Aleina, FC; Koven, CD; Lange, S; Bartsch, A; Grosse, G; Wilson, CJ; Jones, BM; Boike, JMuster, Sina; Riley, William J.; Roth, Kurt; Langer, Moritz; Aleina, Fabio Cresto; Koven, Charles D.; Lange, Stephan; Bartsch, Annett; Grosse, Guido; Wilson, Cathy J.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Boike, JuliaEnglishArctic lowlands are characterized by large numbers of small waterbodies, which are known to affect surface energy budgets and the global carbon cycle. Statistical analysis of their size distributions has been hindered by the shortage of observations at sufficiently high spatial resolutions. This situation has now changed with the high-resolution (<5 m) circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database recently becoming available. We have used this database to make the first consistent, high-resolution estimation of Arctic waterbody size distributions, with surface areas ranging from 0.0001 km(2) (100 m(2)) to 1 km(2). We found that the size distributions varied greatly across the thirty study regions investigated and that there was no single universal size distribution function (including power-law distribution functions) appropriate across all of the study regions. We did, however, find close relationships between the statistical moments (mean, variance, and skewness) of the waterbody size distributions from different study regions. Specifically, we found that the spatial variance increased linearly with mean waterbody size (R-2 = 0.97, p < 2.2e-16) and that the skewness decreased approximately hyperbolically. We have demonstrated that these relationships (1) hold across the 30 Arctic study regions covering a variety of (bio)climatic and permafrost zones, (2) hold over time in two of these study regions for which multi-decadal satellite imagery is available, and (3) can be reproduced by simulating rising water levels in a high-resolution digital elevation model. The consistent spatial and temporal relationships between the statistical moments of the waterbody size distributions underscore the dominance of topographic controls in lowland permafrost areas. These results provide motivation for further analyses of the factors involved in waterbody development and spatial distribution and for investigations into the possibility of using statistical moments to predict future hydrologic dynamics in the Arctic.[Muster, Sina; Langer, Moritz; Lange, Stephan; Grosse, Guido; Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Riley, William J.; Koven, Charles D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA; [Roth, Kurt] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany; [Langer, Moritz; Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Berlin, Germany; [Aleina, Fabio Cresto] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany; [Bartsch, Annett] Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria; [Bartsch, Annett] Bgeos, Komeuburg, Austria; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany; [Wilson, Cathy J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA; [Jones, Benjamin M.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USAHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Humboldt University of Berlin; Max Planck Society; University of Potsdam; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological SurveyMuster, S (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany.sina.muster@posteo.deGrosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Bartsch, Annett/N-1347-2019; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Bartsch, Annett/G-6332-2012Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Langer, Moritz/0000-0002-2704-3655; Jones, Benjamin/0000-0002-1517-4711; Lange, Stephan/0000-0002-9398-1041Helmholtz Association [VH-NG 203]; US Department of Energy's BER program under the NGEE-Arctic project [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; European Research Council (ERC) [338335]; National Science Foundation [OPP-1806213]Helmholtz Association(Helmholtz Association); US Department of Energy's BER program under the NGEE-Arctic project(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); European Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))This work was supported by the Helmholtz Association through a grant (VH-NG 203) awarded to SM, WR, CK, and CW were supported by the US Department of Energy's BER program under the NGEE-Arctic project (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231). GG was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) grant no. 338335. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. BJ was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant OPP-1806213.691819<180 Day Usage Count>05FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.JAN 2920197
5
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00005http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.0000515Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyHX2JAGreen Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004672169000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllSites of terrestrial and aquatic methane flux data recordsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021
BAWLD-CH4: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTHERN LAKES; PERMAFROST CARBON; NATURAL WETLANDS; PEATLAND CARBON; TUNDRA; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; SYSTEMKuhn, MA; Varner, RK; Bastviken, D; Crill, P; MacIntyre, S; Turetsky, M; Anthony, KW; McGuire, AD; Olefeldt, DKuhn, McKenzie A.; Varner, Ruth K.; Bastviken, David; Crill, Patrick; MacIntyre, Sally; Turetsky, Merritt; Walter Anthony, Katey; McGuire, Anthony D.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishMethane (CH4) emissions from the boreal and arctic region are globally significant and highly sensitive to climate change. There is currently a wide range in estimates of high-latitude annual CH4 fluxes, where estimates based on land cover inventories and empirical CH4 flux data or process models (bottom-up approaches) generally are greater than atmospheric inversions (top-down approaches). A limitation of bottom-up approaches has been the lack of harmonization between inventories of site-level CH4 flux data and the land cover classes present in high-latitude spatial datasets. Here we present a comprehensive dataset of small-scale, surface CH4 flux data from 540 terrestrial sites (wetland and non-wetland) and 1247 aquatic sites (lakes and ponds), compiled from 189 studies. The Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Methane Dataset (BAWLD-CH4) was constructed in parallel with a compatible land cover dataset, sharing the same land cover classes to enable refined bottom-up assessments. BAWLD-CH4 includes information on site-level CH4 fluxes but also on study design (measurement method, timing, and frequency) and site characteristics (vegetation, climate, hydrology, soil, and sediment types, permafrost conditions, lake size and depth, and our determination of land cover class). The different land cover classes had distinct CH4 fluxes, resulting from definitions that were either based on or co-varied with key environmental controls. Fluxes of CH4 from terrestrial ecosystems were primarily influenced by water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition, while CH4 fluxes from aquatic ecosystems were primarily influenced by water temperature, lake size, and lake genesis. Models could explain more of the between-site variability in CH4 fluxes for terrestrial than aquatic ecosystems, likely due to both less precise assessments of lake CH4 fluxes and fewer consistently reported lake site characteristics. Analysis of BAWLD-CH4 identified both land cover classes and regions within the boreal and arctic domain, where future studies should be focused, alongside methodological approaches. Overall, BAWLD-CH4 provides a comprehensive dataset of CH4 emissions from high-latitude ecosystems that are useful for identifying research opportunities, for comparison against new field data, and model parameterization or validation.[Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6E 1V6, Canada; [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Bastviken, David] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Bastviken, David] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden; [Crill, Patrick] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stockholm, Sweden; [Crill, Patrick] Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO USA; [Walter Anthony, Katey] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, POB 755860, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [McGuire, Anthony D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniversity of Alberta; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Stockholm University; Linkoping University; Stockholm University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksKuhn, MA (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6E 1V6, Canada.kuhn.mckenzie@gmail.comVarner, Ruth K/E-5371-2011; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Varner, Ruth K/0000-0002-3571-6629; Kuhn, McKenzie/0000-0003-3871-1548; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Bastviken, David/0000-0003-0038-2152Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2016-04688]; US National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX17AK10G]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0016440]; H2020 ERC [725546]; Swedish Research Council VR [2016-04829]; FORMAS [2018-01794]Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); US Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); H2020 ERC; Swedish Research Council VR(Swedish Research Council); FORMAS(Swedish Research Council Formas)McKenzie A. Kuhn received support from the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. David Olefeldt received funding from the Campus Alberta Innovates Program and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688). Ruth K. Varner was supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX17AK10G) and US Department of Energy (DE-SC0016440). David Bastviken was funded by H2020 ERC (grant 725546, METLAKE), the Swedish Research Council VR (grant 2016-04829), and FORMAS (grant 2018-01794).1121616<180 Day Usage Count>1134COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataNOV 52021131151515189
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-202139Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWT4RUGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0007158538000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllSites of terrestrial carbon dioxide flux data recordsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022
The ABCflux database: Arctic-boreal CO2 flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAEDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PERMAFROST CARBON; NET; TUNDRA; RESPIRATION; CHAMBER; FOREST; STOCKSVirkkala, AM; Natali, SM; Rogers, BM; Watts, JD; Savage, K; Connon, SJ; Mauritz, M; Schuur, EAG; Peter, D; Minions, C; Nojeim, J; Commane, R; Emmerton, CA; Goeckede, M; Helbig, M; Holl, D; Iwata, H; Kobayashi, H; Kolari, P; Lopez-Blanco, E; Marushchak, ME; Mastepanov, M; Merbold, L; Parmentier, FJW; Peichl, M; Sachs, T; Sonnentag, O; Ueyama, M; Voigt, C; Aurela, M; Boike, J; Celis, G; Chae, N; Christensen, TR; Bret-Harte, MS; Dengel, S; Dolman, H; Edgar, CW; Elberling, B; Euskirchen, E; Grelle, A; Hatakka, J; Humphreys, E; Jarveoja, J; Kotani, A; Kutzbach, L; Laurila, T; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Matsuura, Y; Meyer, G; Nilsson, MB; Oberbauer, SF; Park, SJ; Petrov, R; Prokushkin, AS; Schulze, C; St Louis, VL; Tuittila, ES; Tuovinen, JP; Quinton, W; Varlagin, A; Zona, D; Zyryanov, VIVirkkala, Anna-Maria; Natali, Susan M.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Savage, Kathleen; Connon, Sara June; Mauritz, Marguerite; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Peter, Darcy; Minions, Christina; Nojeim, Julia; Commane, Roisin; Emmerton, Craig A.; Goeckede, Mathias; Helbig, Manuel; Holl, David; Iwata, Hiroki; Kobayashi, Hideki; Kolari, Pasi; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Marushchak, Maija E.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Merbold, Lutz; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Peichl, Matthias; Sachs, Torsten; Sonnentag, Oliver; Ueyama, Masahito; Voigt, Carolina; Aurela, Mika; Boike, Julia; Celis, Gerardo; Chae, Namyi; Christensen, Torben R.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Dengel, Sigrid; Dolman, Han; Edgar, Colin W.; Elberling, Bo; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Grelle, Achim; Hatakka, Juha; Humphreys, Elyn; Jarveoja, Jarvi; Kotani, Ayumi; Kutzbach, Lars; Laurila, Tuomas; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Matsuura, Yojiro; Meyer, Gesa; Nilsson, Mats B.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Park, Sang-Jong; Petrov, Roman; Prokushkin, Anatoly S.; Schulze, Christopher; St Louis, Vincent L.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka; Quinton, William; Varlagin, Andrej; Zona, Donatella; Zyryanov, Viacheslav I.EnglishPast efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic-boreal CO2 fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June-August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September-October; 25 %), winter (December-February; 18 %), and spring (March-May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO2 fluxes and to better estimate the terrestrial ABZ CO2 budget. ABCflux is openly and freely available online (Virkkala et al., 2021b, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1934).[Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Natali, Susan M.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Savage, Kathleen; Connon, Sara June; Peter, Darcy; Minions, Christina; Nojeim, Julia] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Mauritz, Marguerite] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn, 500W Univ Rd, El Paso, TX 79902 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Emmerton, Craig A.; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, Jena, Germany; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver; Voigt, Carolina; Meyer, Gesa; Schulze, Christopher] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Holl, David; Kutzbach, Lars] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Kobayashi, Hideki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Kolari, Pasi; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Environm & Minerals, Kivioq 2, Nuuk, Greenland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Christensen, Torben R.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Biosci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Marushchak, Maija E.; Voigt, Carolina] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Marushchak, Maija E.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland; [Mastepanov, Mikhail] Univ Oulu, Oulanka Res Stn, Liikasenvaarantie 134, Kuusamo 93900, Finland; [Merbold, Lutz] Agroscope, Res Div Agroecol & Environm, Reckenholzstr 191, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Ctr Biogeochem Anthropocene, N-0315 Oslo, Norway; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Peichl, Matthias; Jarveoja, Jarvi; Nilsson, Mats B.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden; [Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Naka Ku, 1-1 Gakuencho, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan; [Aurela, Mika; Hatakka, Juha; Laurila, Tuomas; Lohila, Annalea; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Syst Res, Helsinki, Finland; [Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Unter Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Celis, Gerardo] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Chae, Namyi] Korea Univ, Inst Life Sci & Nat Resources, 145 Anam Ro, Seoul 02841, South Korea; [Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Edgar, Colin W.; Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Dengel, Sigrid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Dolman, Han] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, Oster Voldagde 10, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Grelle, Achim] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K2B 5J5, Canada; [Kotani, Ayumi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; [Matsuura, Yojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ctr Int Partnerships & Res Climate Change, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Meyer, Gesa] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada; [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Inst Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Park, Sang-Jong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 26 Sondgomirae Ro, Incheon, South Korea; [Petrov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Yakutsk, Russia; [Prokushkin, Anatoly S.; Zyryanov, Viacheslav I.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Akademgorodok 50-28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; [Schulze, Christopher] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Varlagin, Andrej] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Leninsky Pr 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; [Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USAUniversity of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; Columbia University; University of Alberta; Max Planck Society; Dalhousie University; Universite de Montreal; University of Hamburg; Shinshu University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); University of Helsinki; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Aarhus University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Jyvaskyla; University of Oulu; Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope; University of Oslo; Lund University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Osaka Metropolitan University; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Korea University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Copenhagen; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Carleton University; Nagoya University; Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Environment & Climate Change Canada; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Alberta; University of Eastern Finland; Wilfrid Laurier University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; California State University System; San Diego State UniversityVirkkala, AM (corresponding author), Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.avirkkala@woodwellclimate.orgZyrianov, Viacheslav/AAP-2023-2020; Varlagin, Andrej/A-6568-2012; Voigt, Carolina/GRX-9664-2022; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Emmerton, Craig A./G-2900-2013; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013; López-Blanco, Efrén/ABA-9934-2020; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Kotani, Ayumi/A-8487-2013; Mastepanov, Mikhail/G-1235-2016; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Petrov, Roman/J-8965-2016Zyrianov, Viacheslav/0000-0002-1748-4801; Varlagin, Andrej/0000-0002-2549-5236; Voigt, Carolina/0000-0001-8589-1428; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; López-Blanco, Efrén/0000-0002-3796-8408; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Mastepanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-5543-0302; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Meyer, Gesa/0000-0003-3199-5250; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466; Kolari, Pasi/0000-0001-7271-633X; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Petrov, Roman/0000-0002-6877-3902; Schulze, Christopher/0000-0002-6579-0360; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148XNational Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, NNX16AF94A]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [8414]; National Science Foundation [1331083, 1931333]; NSF Arctic Observatory Network [1204263, 1702797]; Vetenskapsradet [2017-05268, 2018-03966, 2019-04676]; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas [2016-01289, 2018-00792]; Kempe Foundation [SMK-1211]; Russian Science Foundation [21-14-00209]; Academy of Finland [317054, 332196]; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; CENPERM [DNRF100]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; (EXC 177 CliSAP); Skogssallskapet [2018-485-Steg 2 2017]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P002552/1]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, NRF2021R1I1A1A01053870]; Norges Forskningsrad [274711]; US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation [21-14-00209]; Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland); ArcticNet [JPMXD1420318865]; KAKENHI [19H05668]; Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program; Danish Program for Arctic Research [80.35, NA16SEC4810008]; European Union [72789]; Russian Fund for Basic Research [18-05-60203-Arktika]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [317054, 332196] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA); Russian Science Foundation [21-14-00209] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSF Arctic Observatory Network; Vetenskapsradet(Swedish Research Council); Svenska Forskningsradet Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); Kempe Foundation; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Danmarks Grundforskningsfond(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); CENPERM; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(German Research Foundation (DFG)); (EXC 177 CliSAP); Skogssallskapet; Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); Norges Forskningsrad; US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation; Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland); ArcticNet; KAKENHI(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program; Danish Program for Arctic Research; European Union(European Commission); Russian Fund for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))This research has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant nos. NNX17AE13G, NNX15AT81A, NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT74A, and NNX16AF94A), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 8414), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1331083, 1931333, NSF Arctic Observatory Network, 1204263, and 1702797), the Vetenskapsradet (grant nos. 2017-05268, 2018-03966, and 2019-04676), the Svenska Forskningsradet Formas (grant nos. 2016-01289 and 2018-00792), the Kempe Foundation (grant no. SMK-1211), the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 317054 and 332196), the Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (grant no. CENPERM DNRF100), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. EXC 177 CliSAP), the Skogssallskapet (grant no. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017), the Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/P002552/1), the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, and NRF2021R1I1A1A01053870), the Norges Forskningsrad (grant no. 274711), US Department of Energy, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 21-14-00209), the Ministry of Transport and Communication (Finland), ArcticNet, The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability and The Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Program, Danish Program for Arctic Research (grant no. 80.35), TCOS Siberia, NOAA-CESSRST (grant no. NA16SEC4810008), European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant no. 72789), NGEE Arctic, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant no. 18-05-60203-Arktika).8978<180 Day Usage Count>719COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataJAN 212022141179208
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-202230Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesYP1RQGreen Submitted, Green Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0007484057000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-541-2023
The pan-Arctic catchment database (ARCADE)
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAPERMAFROST-CARBON; ICE; WATERSpeetjens, NJ; Hugelius, G; Gumbricht, T; Lantuit, H; Berghuijs, WR; Pika, PA; Poste, A; Vonk, JESpeetjens, Niek Jesse; Hugelius, Gustaf; Gumbricht, Thomas; Lantuit, Hugues; Berghuijs, Wouter R.; Pika, Philip A.; Poste, Amanda; Vonk, Jorien E.EnglishThe Arctic is rapidly changing. Outside the Arctic, large-sample catchment databases have transformed catchment science from focusing on local case studies to more systematic studies of watershed functioning. Here we present an integrated pan-ARctic CAtchments summary DatabasE (ARCADE) of > 40 000 catchments that drain into the Arctic Ocean and range in size from 1 to 3.1 x 106 km2. These watersheds, delineated at a 90 m resolution, are provided with 103 geospatial, environmental, climatic, and physiographic catchment properties. ARCADE is the first aggregated database of pan-Arctic river catchments that also includes numerous small watersheds at a high resolution. These small catchments are experiencing the greatest climatic warming while also storing large quantities of soil carbon in landscapes that are especially prone to degradation of permafrost (i.e., ice wedge polygon terrain) and associated hydrological regime shifts. ARCADE is a key step toward monitoring the pan-Arctic across scales and is publicly available: (Speetjens et al., 2022).[Speetjens, Niek Jesse; Berghuijs, Wouter R.; Pika, Philip A.; Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam VUA, Dept Earth Sci, Earth & Climate Cluster, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Hugelius, Gustaf; Gumbricht, Thomas] Stockholm Univ SU, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Hugelius, Gustaf; Gumbricht, Thomas] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Lantuit, Hugues] Alfred Wegener Inst AWI, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Ecol Chem Res Unit, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Poste, Amanda] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Sect Nat based solut & aquat ecol, Okernveien 94, N-0579 Oslo, NorwayStockholm University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)Speetjens, NJ (corresponding author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam VUA, Dept Earth Sci, Earth & Climate Cluster, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.niek.j.speetjens@gmail.comBerghuijs, Wouter/J-6523-2014Berghuijs, Wouter/0000-0002-7447-0051; Pika, Philip/0000-0003-2381-1386; Lantuit, Hugues/0000-0003-1497-6760; Vonk, Jorien/0000-0002-1206-5878; Speetjens, Niek Jesse/0000-0002-6114-4492Horizon 2020 program [773421]; ERC [676982]Horizon 2020 program; ERC(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission)This research has been supported by the Horizon 2020 program (Nunataryuk (grant no. 773421)), and additional financial support was received from ERC (THAWSOME (grant no.676982).6100<180 Day Usage Count>22COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataFEB 22023152541554
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-541-2023http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-541-202314Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences8N4HS2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0009251109000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllSites of terrestrial and aquatic methane flux data recordsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021
The Boreal-Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD)
ArticleEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAHIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; METHANE EMISSIONS; LAND-COVER; PERMAFROST CARBON; PEATLAND CARBON; SURFACE-WATER; NORTHERN; CLIMATE; FLUXES; VEGETATIONOlefeldt, D; Hovemyr, M; Kuhn, MA; Bastviken, D; Bohn, TJ; Connolly, J; Crill, P; Euskirchen, ES; Finkelstein, SA; Genet, H; Grosse, G; Harris, LI; Heffernan, L; Helbig, M; Hugelius, G; Hutchins, R; Juutinen, S; Lara, MJ; Malhotra, A; Manies, K; McGuire, AD; Natali, SM; O'Donnell, JA; Parmentier, FJW; Rasanen, A; Schadel, C; Sonnentag, O; Strack, M; Tank, SE; Treat, C; Varner, RK; Virtanen, T; Warren, RK; Watts, JDOlefeldt, David; Hovemyr, Mikael; Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Bastviken, David; Bohn, Theodore J.; Connolly, John; Crill, Patrick; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Finkelstein, Sarah A.; Genet, Helene; Grosse, Guido; Harris, Lorna, I; Heffernan, Liam; Helbig, Manuel; Hugelius, Gustaf; Hutchins, Ryan; Juutinen, Sari; Lara, Mark J.; Malhotra, Avni; Manies, Kristen; McGuire, A. David; Natali, Susan M.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Raesaenen, Aleksi; Schaedel, Christina; Sonnentag, Oliver; Strack, Maria; Tank, Suzanne E.; Treat, Claire; Varner, Ruth K.; Virtanen, Tarmo; Warren, Rebecca K.; Watts, Jennifer D.EnglishMethane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of appropriate land cover datasets for scaling field-measured methane emissions to circumpolar scales has contributed to a large uncertainty for our understanding of present-day and future methane emissions. Here we present the BorealArctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD), a land cover dataset based on an expert assessment, extrapolated using random forest modelling from available spatial datasets of climate, topography, soils, permafrost conditions, vegetation, wetlands, and surface water extents and dynamics. In BAWLD, we estimate the fractional coverage of five wetland, seven lake, and three river classes within 0.5 x 0.5 degrees grid cells that cover the northern boreal and tundra biomes (17 % of the global land surface). Land cover classes were defined using criteria that ensured distinct methane emissions among classes, as indicated by a co-developed comprehensive dataset of methane flux observations. In BAWLD, wetlands occupied 3.2 x 10(6) km(2) (14 % of domain) with a 95 % confidence interval between 2.8 and 3.8 x 10(6) km(2). Bog, fen, and permafrost bog were the most abundant wetland classes, covering similar to 28 % each of the total wetland area, while the highest-methane-emitting marsh and tundra wetland classes occupied 5 % and 12 %, respectively. Lakes, defined to include all lentic open-water ecosystems regardless of size, covered 1.4 x 10(6) km(2) (6 % of domain). Low-methane-emitting large lakes (>10 km(2)) and glacial lakes jointly represented 78 % of the total lake area, while high-emitting peatland and yedoma lakes covered 18 % and 4 %, respectively. Small (<0.1 km(2)) glacial, peatland, and yedoma lakes combined covered 17 % of the total lake area but contributed disproportionally to the overall spatial uncertainty in lake area with a 95 % confidence interval between 0.15 and 0.38 x 10(6) km(2). Rivers and streams were estimated to cover 0.12 x 10(6) km(2) (0.5 % of domain), of which 8 % was associated with high-methane-emitting headwaters that drain organic-rich landscapes. Distinct combinations of spatially co-occurring wetland and lake classes were identified across the BAWLD domain, allowing for the mapping of wetscapes that have characteristic methane emission magnitudes and sensitivities to climate change at regional scales. With BAWLD, we provide a dataset which avoids double-accounting of wetland, lake, and river extents and which includes confidence intervals for each land cover class. As such, BAWLD will be suitable for many hydrological and biogeochemical modelling and upscaling efforts for the northern boreal and arctic region, in particular those aimed at improving assessments of current and future methane emissions.[Olefeldt, David; Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Harris, Lorna, I] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada; [Hovemyr, Mikael; Hugelius, Gustaf; Varner, Ruth K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Bastviken, David] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden; [Bohn, Theodore J.] WattIQ, 400 Oyster Point Blvd Suite 414, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA; [Connolly, John] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Geog, Dublin 2, Ireland; [Crill, Patrick] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Genet, Helene; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Finkelstein, Sarah A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada; [Grosse, Guido; Treat, Claire] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Permafrost Res Sect, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; [Heffernan, Liam] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Hugelius, Gustaf] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Hutchins, Ryan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Juutinen, Sari] Univ Helsinki, Ecosyst & Environm Res Program, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Lara, Mark J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Lara, Mark J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Malhotra, Avni] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Manies, Kristen] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Biogeochem Anthropocene, Dept Geosci, N-0315 Oslo, Norway; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Raesaenen, Aleksi; Virtanen, Tarmo] Univ Helsinki, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Schaedel, Christina] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Strack, Maria] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durhan, NH 03824 USA; [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durhan, NH 03824 USA; [Warren, Rebecca K.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Natl Boreal Program, Edmonton, AB T5S 0A2, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; Stockholm University; Linkoping University; Trinity College Dublin; Stockholm University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Toronto; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; Uppsala University; Dalhousie University; Stockholm University; University of Waterloo; University of Helsinki; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Stanford University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; United States Department of the Interior; University of Oslo; Lund University; University of Helsinki; Northern Arizona University; Universite de Montreal; University of Waterloo; University of Alberta; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New HampshireOlefeldt, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.olefeldt@ualberta.caGrosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Varner, Ruth K/E-5371-2011; Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Lara, Mark J./I-6049-2019; Connolly, John/A-2925-2014; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Varner, Ruth K/0000-0002-3571-6629; Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Lara, Mark J./0000-0002-4670-7031; Connolly, John/0000-0002-2897-9711; Virtanen, Tarmo/0000-0001-8660-2464; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Bastviken, David/0000-0003-0038-2152; Malhotra, Avni/0000-0002-7850-6402National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; ERC [851181, 725546]; Helmholtz Impulse and Networking Fund; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF5439, 839]; Swedish Research Council VR [2016-04829]; Norwegian Research Council [274711]; Swedish Research Council [201705268]; BMBF KoPf Synthesis project [03F0834B]; NASA Earth Science [NNH17ZDA001N]; NSF-EnvE [1928048]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Canada Research Chairs program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration IDS program (NASA) [NNX17AK10G]; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Government of Alberta; Government of Saskatchewan; US Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; PEW Charitable Trusts; Canadian Boreal Initiative; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; Mistik Management Ltd.; Louisiana-Pacific; Forest Products Association of Canada; Weyerhaeuser; Lakeland Industry and Community; Encana; Imperial Oil; Devon Energy Corporation; Shell Canada Energy; Suncor Foundation; Treaty 8 Tribal Corporation (Akaitcho); Dehcho First Nations; NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange [1931333]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2018-01794]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; ERC(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Helmholtz Impulse and Networking Fund; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); Swedish Research Council VR(Swedish Research Council); Norwegian Research Council(Research Council of Norway); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); BMBF KoPf Synthesis project(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); NASA Earth Science; NSF-EnvE; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Canada Research Chairs program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration IDS program (NASA); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency); Government of Alberta; Government of Saskatchewan; US Forest Service(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service); US Fish and Wildlife Service(US Fish & Wildlife Service); PEW Charitable Trusts; Canadian Boreal Initiative; Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.; Mistik Management Ltd.; Louisiana-Pacific; Forest Products Association of Canada; Weyerhaeuser; Lakeland Industry and Community; Encana; Imperial Oil; Devon Energy Corporation; Shell Canada Energy; Suncor Foundation; Treaty 8 Tribal Corporation (Akaitcho); Dehcho First Nations; NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange; Swedish Research Council FORMAS(Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Financial support to David Olefeldt was provided the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688) and the Campus Alberta Innovates Program. Claire Treat was supported by the ERC (no.851181) and the Helmholtz Impulse and Networking Fund. Avni Malhotra was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF5439, 839; Stanford University). David Bastviken was supported by the ERC (no.725546), the Swedish Research Council VR (no.2016-04829), and FORMAS (no.2018-01794). Frans-Jan W. Parmentier was supported by the Norwegian Research Council under grant agreement 274711 and the Swedish Research Council under registration no. 201705268. Guido Grosse was supported through the BMBF KoPf Synthesis project (03F0834B). Jennifer D. Watts was supported by NASA Earth Science (NNH17ZDA001N). Mark J. Lara was supported by NSF-EnvE (no.1928048). Maria Strack was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Canada Research Chairs program. Ruth K. Varner was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration IDS program (NASA grant NNX17AK10G). Sarah A. Finkelstein was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Suzanne E. Tank was supported by funding from the Campus Alberta Innovates Program. Ducks Unlimited Canada's wetland inventories were funded by various partnering organizations: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Government of Alberta, Government of Saskatchewan, US Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, PEW Charitable Trusts, Canadian Boreal Initiative, Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc., Mistik Management Ltd., Louisiana-Pacific, Forest Products Association of Canada, Weyerhaeuser, Lakeland Industry and Community, Encana, Imperial Oil, Devon Energy Corporation, Shell Canada Energy, Suncor Foundation, Treaty 8 Tribal Corporation (Akaitcho), and Dehcho First Nations. The Permafrost Carbon Network provided coordination support and is funded by the NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange (grant no. 1931333 (2019-2023)).1181717<180 Day Usage Count>1537COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataNOV 52021131151275149
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-202123Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWT4RQGreen Published, Green Submitted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007158534000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9467
The IsoGenie database: an interdisciplinary data management solution for ecosystems biology and environmental research
ArticlePEERJGraph database; Data management; Ecosystem science; Interdisciplinary; Information analysis; Database; IsoGenie project; Stordalen mireDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PERMAFROST THAW GRADIENT; SUB-ARCTIC MIRE; MINIMUM INFORMATION; METHANE DYNAMICS; PEATLAND; FLUXES; VEGETATION; FRAMEWORK; ECOLOGYBolduc, B; Hodgkins, SB; Varner, RK; Crill, PM; McCalley, CK; Chanton, JP; Tyson, GW; Riley, WJ; Palace, M; Duhaime, MB; Hough, MA; Saleska, SR; Sullivan, MB; Rich, VIBolduc, Benjamin; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Varner, Ruth K.; Crill, Patrick M.; McCalley, Carmody K.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Tyson, Gene W.; Riley, William J.; Palace, Michael; Duhaime, Melissa B.; Hough, Moira A.; Saleska, Scott R.; Sullivan, Matthew B.; Rich, Virginia, IIsoGenie Project Coordinators; IsoGenie Project Team; A2A Project TeamEnglishModern microbial and ecosystem sciences require diverse interdisciplinary teams that are often challenged in speaking to one another due to different languages and data product types. Here we introduce the IsoGenie Database (IsoGenieDB;https://isogenic-db.asc.ohio-state.edu/), a de novo developed data management and exploration platform, as a solution to this challenge of accurately representing and integrating heterogenous environmental and microbial data across ecosystem scales. The IsoGenieDB is a public and private data infrastructure designed to store and query data generated by the IsoGenie Project, a similar to 10 year DOE-funded project focused on discovering ecosystem climate feedbacks in a thawing permafrost landscape. The IsoGenieDB provides (i) a platform for IsoGenie Project members to explore the project's interdisciplinary datasets across scales through the inherent relationships among data entities, (ii) a framework to consolidate and harmonize the datasets needed by the team's modelers, and (iii) a public venue that leverages the same spatially explicit, disciplinarily integrated data structure to share published datasets. The IsoGenieDB is also being expanded to cover the NASA-funded Archaea to Atmosphere (A2A) project, which scales the findings of IsoGenie to a broader suite of Arctic peatlands, via the umbrella A2A Database (A2A-DB). The IsoGenieDB's expandability and flexible architecture allow it to serve as an example ecosystems database.[Bolduc, Benjamin; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Sullivan, Matthew B.; Rich, Virginia, I] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Varner, Ruth K.; Palace, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Varner, Ruth K.; Palace, Michael] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Coll Engn & Phys Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Crill, Patrick M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stockholm, Sweden; [Crill, Patrick M.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [McCalley, Carmody K.] Rochester Inst Technol, Thomas H Gosnell Sch Life Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA; [Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Tyson, Gene W.] Univ Queensland, Australian Ctr Ecogen, Sch Chem & Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; [Riley, William J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA; [Duhaime, Melissa B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Hough, Moira A.; Saleska, Scott R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA; [Sullivan, Matthew B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USAUniversity System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Stockholm University; Rochester Institute of Technology; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Queensland; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Arizona; University System of Ohio; Ohio State UniversityBolduc, B; Rich, VI (corresponding author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.bolduc.10@osu.edu; rich.270@osu.eduHoelzle, Robert D/M-3284-2016; Zayed, Ahmed/ABI-1865-2020; Trubl, Gareth/L-7977-2019; Crill, Patrick/ABC-1357-2021; Tyson, Gene W/C-6558-2013; Mondav, Rhiannon/M-1219-2017; Varner, Ruth K/E-5371-2011; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Saleska, Scott/K-1733-2016; Herrick, Christina/O-3375-2017Hoelzle, Robert D/0000-0001-5131-8041; Zayed, Ahmed/0000-0003-2793-2679; Trubl, Gareth/0000-0001-5008-1476; Tyson, Gene W/0000-0001-8559-9427; Mondav, Rhiannon/0000-0002-5574-5531; Varner, Ruth K/0000-0002-3571-6629; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Saleska, Scott/0000-0002-4974-3628; Woodcroft, Ben/0000-0003-0670-7480; Hodgkins, Suzanne/0000-0002-0489-9207; Herrick, Christina/0000-0002-8384-9450; Sullivan, Franklin/0000-0002-2499-8245; Bolduc, Benjamin/0000-0003-2420-0755; Hough, Moira/0000-0002-7976-4251Genomic Science Program of the United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0004632, DE-SC0010580]; NASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) program [NNX17AK10G]; Vetenskapradet (Swedish Research Council, VR) [2007-4547, 2013-5562]; National Science Foundation iVirus grant (ABI) [1759874]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award [3790]Genomic Science Program of the United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); NASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) program; Vetenskapradet (Swedish Research Council, VR)(Swedish Research Council); National Science Foundation iVirus grant (ABI)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator AwardThis study was funded by the Genomic Science Program of the United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, grants DE-SC0004632 and DE-SC0010580; the NASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) program, grant #NNX17AK10G; Vetenskapradet (Swedish Research Council, VR) to Patrick M. Crill (2007-4547 and 2013-5562); and a National Science Foundation iVirus grant (ABI #1759874) and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator Award (#3790) to Matthew B. Sullivan. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.8433<180 Day Usage Count>215PEERJ INCLONDON341-345 OLD ST, THIRD FLR, LONDON, EC1V 9LL, ENGLAND2167-8359PEERJPeerJAUG 1320208
e9467
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9467http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.946730Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsMZ2MLgold, Green Submitted, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005589581000020 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023
Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000-2016 at 1 km(2) scale
ReviewEARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWSPermafrost map; Ground temperatures; Frozen ground; Permafrost; Remote sensing; Cryosphere; Essential climate variableLAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU; ACTIVE-LAYER; MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST; GROUND TEMPERATURE; THERMAL STATE; MAPPING PERMAFROST; SOUTHERN YUKON; CLIMATE-CHANGEObu, J; Westermann, S; Bartsch, A; Berdnikov, N; Christiansen, HH; Dashtseren, A; Delaloye, R; Elberling, B; Etzelmuller, B; Kholodov, A; Khomutov, A; Kaab, A; Leibman, MO; Lewkowicz, AG; Panda, SK; Romanovsky, V; Way, RG; Westergaard-Nielsen, A; Wu, TH; Yamkhin, J; Zou, DFObu, Jaroslav; Westermann, Sebastian; Bartsch, Annett; Berdnikov, Nikolai; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Dashtseren, Avirmed; Delaloye, Reynald; Elberling, Bo; Etzelmueller, Bernd; Kholodov, Alexander; Khomutov, Artem; Kaab, Andreas; Leibman, Marina O.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Panda, Santosh K.; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Way, Robert G.; Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas; Wu, Tonghua; Yamkhin, Jambaljav; Zou, DefuEnglishPermafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably monitor the permafrost thermal state. To estimate permafrost distribution at a hemispheric scale, we employ an equilibrium state model for the temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP model) for the 2000-2016 period, driven by remotely-sensed land surface temperatures, down-scaled ERA-Interim climate reanalysis data, tundra wetness classes and landcover map from the ESA Landcover Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project. Subgrid variability of ground temperatures due to snow and landcover variability is represented in the model using subpixel statistics. The results are validated against borehole measurements and reviewed regionally. The accuracy of the modelled mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at the top of the permafrost is +/- 2 degrees C when compared to permafrost borehole data. The modelled permafrost area (MAGT < 0 degrees C) covers 13.9 x 10(6) km(2) (ca. 15% of the exposed land area), which is within the range or slightly below the average of previous estimates. The sum of all pixels having isolated patches, sporadic, discontinuous or continuous permafrost (permafrost probability > 0) is around 21 x 10(6) km(2) (22% of exposed land area), which is approximately 2 x 10(6) km(2) less than estimated previously. Detailed comparisons at a regional scale show that the model performs well in sparsely vegetated tundra regions and mountains, but is less accurate in densely vegetated boreal spruce and larch forests.[Obu, Jaroslav; Westermann, Sebastian; Etzelmueller, Bernd; Kaab, Andreas] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Sem Saelands Vei 1, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; [Bartsch, Annett] Zentralanstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Hohe Warte 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; [Berdnikov, Nikolai; Khomutov, Artem; Leibman, Marina O.] Russian Acad Sci, Tyumen Sci Ctr, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Siberian Branch, Malygin St 86, Tyumen 625000, Russia; [Christiansen, Hanne H.] UNIS, Univ Ctr Svalbard, Arctic Geol Dept, POB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Dashtseren, Avirmed; Yamkhin, Jambaljav] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Geog & Geoecol, POB 361, Ulaanbaatar 14192, Mongolia; [Delaloye, Reynald] Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, Geog Unit, Chemin Musee 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; [Elberling, Bo; Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Kholodov, Alexander; Panda, Santosh K.; Romanovsky, Vladimir] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, 2156 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Romanovsky, Vladimir] Tyumen State Univ, Dept Cryosophy, Tyumen, Russia; [Way, Robert G.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Way, Robert G.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Labrador Inst, Happy Valley Goose Bay, NF A0P 1E0, Canada; [Wu, Tonghua; Zou, Defu] Chinese Acad Sci, NIEER, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Cryosphere Res Stn Qinghai Xizang Plateau, 320 Donggang West Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Oslo; Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Mongolian Academy of Sciences; University of Fribourg; University of Copenhagen; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Ottawa; Tyumen State University; Queens University - Canada; Memorial University Newfoundland; Chinese Academy of SciencesObu, J (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Sem Saelands Vei 1, N-0371 Oslo, Norway.jaroslav.obu@geo.uio.noKääb, Andreas/AAG-8769-2020; Wu, Tonghua/AAE-4563-2019; Berdnikov, Nikolai/HIX-6766-2022; Obu, Jaroslav/AAE-7356-2020; Bartsch, Annett/N-1347-2019; Khomutov, Artem V/M-6490-2017; Bartsch, Annett/G-6332-2012; Westermann, Sebastian/I-2976-2012; Avirmed, Dashtseren/AAO-5371-2020; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014Kääb, Andreas/0000-0002-6017-6564; Berdnikov, Nikolai/0000-0001-5594-0858; Obu, Jaroslav/0000-0002-8172-2536; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Westermann, Sebastian/0000-0003-0514-4321; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Avirmed, Dashtseren/0000-0003-4119-5345European Space Agency GlobPermafrsot project [4000116196/15/I-NB]; Research Council of Norway SatPerm project [239918]; Norwegian National Infrastructure [NS9079K]; Russian Science Foundation [19-17-11003] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationEuropean Space Agency GlobPermafrsot project; Research Council of Norway SatPerm project; Norwegian National Infrastructure; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))This work was supported by the European Space Agency GlobPermafrsot project [grant number 4000116196/15/I-NB] and the Research Council of Norway SatPerm project [grant number 239918]. Data storage resources were provided by Norwegian National Infrastructure for Research Data (project NS9079K). The Terra and AQUA MODIS 1ST datasets were acquired from the Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), located in the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/). Landcover data were provided through the ESA CCI Landcover project webpage, www.esa-landcover-cci.org.127273281<180 Day Usage Count>45203ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0012-82521872-6828EARTH-SCI REVEarth-Sci. Rev.JUN2019193299316
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.023http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.02318Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyIC4MUGreen Submitted, Green Published, hybridYN2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004709408000130 NData PaperScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017
PeRL: a circum-Arctic Permafrost Region Pond and Lake database
ReviewEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATACLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN; LANDSCAPE; STORAGE; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SIBERIA; CARBON; ISLAND; DELTAMuster, S; Roth, K; Langer, M; Lange, S; Aleina, FC; Bartsch, A; Morgenstern, A; Grosse, G; Jones, B; Sannel, ABK; Sjoberg, Y; Gunther, F; Andresen, C; Veremeeva, A; Lindgren, PR; Bouchard, F; Lara, MJ; Fortier, D; Charbonneau, S; Virtanen, TA; Hugelius, G; Palmtag, J; Siewert, MB; Riley, WJ; Koven, CD; Boike, JMuster, Sina; Roth, Kurt; Langer, Moritz; Lange, Stephan; Aleina, Fabio Cresto; Bartsch, Annett; Morgenstern, Anne; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Benjamin; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Sjoberg, Ylva; Guenther, Frank; Andresen, Christian; Veremeeva, Alexandra; Lindgren, Prajna R.; Bouchard, Frederic; Lara, Mark J.; Fortier, Daniel; Charbonneau, Simon; Virtanen, Tarmo A.; Hugelius, Gustaf; Palmtag, Juri; Siewert, Matthias B.; Riley, William J.; Koven, Charles D.; Boike, JuliaEnglishPonds and lakes are abundant in Arctic permafrost lowlands. They play an important role in Arctic wetland ecosystems by regulating carbon, water, and energy fluxes and providing freshwater habitats. However, ponds, i. e., waterbodies with surface areas smaller than 1.0 x 10(4) m(2), have not been inventoried on global and regional scales. The Permafrost Region Pond and Lake (PeRL) database presents the results of a circum-Arctic effort to map ponds and lakes from modern (2002-2013) high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery with a resolution of 5m or better. The database also includes historical imagery from 1948 to 1965 with a resolution of 6m or better. PeRL includes 69 maps covering a wide range of environmental conditions from tundra to boreal regions and from continuous to discontinuous permafrost zones. Waterbody maps are linked to regional permafrost landscape maps which provide information on permafrost extent, ground ice volume, geology, and lithology. This paper describes waterbody classification and accuracy, and presents statistics of waterbody distribution for each site. Maps of permafrost landscapes in Alaska, Canada, and Russia are used to extrapolate waterbody statistics from the site level to regional landscape units. PeRL presents pond and lake estimates for a total area of 1.4 x 10(6) km(2) across the Arctic, about 17% of the Arctic lowland (<300ma. s.l.) land surface area. PeRL waterbodies with sizes of 1.0 x 10(6) m(2) down to 1.0 x 10(2) m(2) contributed up to 21% to the total water fraction. Waterbody density ranged from 1.0 x 10 to 9.4 x 10(1) km(-2). Ponds are the dominant waterbody type by number in all landscapes representing 45-99% of the total waterbody number. The implementation of PeRL size distributions in land surface models will greatly improve the investigation and projection of surface inundation and carbon fluxes in permafrost lowlands. Waterbody maps, study area boundaries, and maps of regional permafrost landscapes including detailed metadata are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.868349.[Muster, Sina; Lange, Stephan; Morgenstern, Anne; Grosse, Guido; Guenther, Frank; Boike, Julia] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Roth, Kurt] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany; [Langer, Moritz] Humboldt Univ, Berlin, Germany; [Aleina, Fabio Cresto] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany; [Bartsch, Annett] Zentralanstalt Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria; [Jones, Benjamin] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Sannel, A. Britta K.; Sjoberg, Ylva; Hugelius, Gustaf; Palmtag, Juri; Siewert, Matthias B.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Sannel, A. Britta K.; Sjoberg, Ylva; Hugelius, Gustaf; Palmtag, Juri; Siewert, Matthias B.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Andresen, Christian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA; [Veremeeva, Alexandra] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Pushchino, Russia; [Lindgren, Prajna R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Bouchard, Frederic] INRS, Ctr Eau Terre Environm ETE, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada; [Lara, Mark J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; [Bouchard, Frederic; Fortier, Daniel; Charbonneau, Simon] Univ Montreal, Geog Dept, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Virtanen, Tarmo A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Riley, William J.; Koven, Charles D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosystem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USAHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Humboldt University of Berlin; Max Planck Society; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Stockholm University; Stockholm University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research (PSCBI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physicohemical & Biological Problems of Soil Science; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Montreal; University of Helsinki; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMuster, S (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.sina.muster@awi.deMorgenstern, Anne/N-3648-2015; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/Q-4378-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Bartsch, Annett/G-6332-2012; Palmtag, Juri/AAE-4075-2022; Veremeeva, Alexandra/AAA-9636-2021; Lara, Mark J./I-6049-2019; Veremeeva, Alexandra/J-6506-2016; Günther, Frank/O-5226-2015; Palmtag, Juri/AAA-2964-2019; Bartsch, Annett/N-1347-2019; Sjöberg, Ylva/G-5371-2019; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011Morgenstern, Anne/0000-0002-6466-7571; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/0000-0003-2890-8873; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Palmtag, Juri/0000-0002-6921-5697; Veremeeva, Alexandra/0000-0002-6716-9260; Lara, Mark J./0000-0002-4670-7031; Veremeeva, Alexandra/0000-0002-6716-9260; Günther, Frank/0000-0001-8298-8937; Palmtag, Juri/0000-0002-6921-5697; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931; Sjöberg, Ylva/0000-0002-4292-5808; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Fortier, Daniel/0000-0003-0908-6157; Sannel, Britta/0000-0002-1350-6516; Langer, Moritz/0000-0002-2704-3655; Jones, Benjamin/0000-0002-1517-4711; Bouchard, Frederic/0000-0001-9687-3356; Lange, Stephan/0000-0002-9398-1041; Virtanen, Tarmo/0000-0001-8660-2464Helmholtz Association [VH-NG 203]; US Department of Energy, BER under NGEE-Arctic project [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; ERC [338335]; German Space Agency (DLR) [HYD0546]; ESA [LAN1747, FP7 PAGE21]; Austrian-Russian joint FWF project COLD Yamal [I 1401]; CARBONorth project [036993]; University of Minnesota through NSF AON project [1107481]; Research Centre of the Helmholtz AssociationHelmholtz Association(Helmholtz Association); US Department of Energy, BER under NGEE-Arctic project(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); ERC(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); German Space Agency (DLR)(Helmholtz AssociationGerman Aerospace Centre (DLR)); ESA(European Space Agency); Austrian-Russian joint FWF project COLD Yamal; CARBONorth project; University of Minnesota through NSF AON project; Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association(Helmholtz Association)This work was supported by the Helmholtz Association through a grant (VH-NG 203) awarded to Sina Muster. William J. Riley and Charles D. Koven were supported by the US Department of Energy, BER, under the NGEE-Arctic project under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Guido Grosse was supported by ERC no. 338335. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.r TerraSAR-X data of Polar Bear Pass, Canada, were acquired through the German Space Agency (DLR) via the project HYD0546. All other TerraSAR-X data in Alaska, Canada, and Russia were made available by DLR via PI agreement LAN1747 within the framework of the ESA-funded DUE GlobPermafrost project, FP7 PAGE21, and the Austrian-Russian joint FWF project COLD Yamal (I 1401). RapidEye classifications are available through the information system of the ESA DUE Permafrost project. Classifications of Rogovaya and Seida sites in Russia were conducted within the CARBONorth project (contract 036993).r Quickbird-2 and WorldView-1/-2 images ((C)DigitalGlobe) of Ikpikpuk middle coastal plain, Alaska, and Indigirka lowlands, Russia, were provided by the Polar Geospatial Center at the University of Minnesota through NSF AON project 1107481. The Geographic Information Network for Alaska (GINA) provided SPOT imagery of the Kotzebue Sound lowlands, Alaska.r The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by a Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association.724446<180 Day Usage Count>443COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataJUN 6201791317348
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-2017http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-317-201732Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEW7SZGreen Published, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004027176000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllPermafrost zones, areas underlain by ground iceNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019
New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach
ArticleCRYOSPHEREWESTERN-ARCTIC-COAST; DRAINED LAKE SITE; OLD CROW FLATS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; BYLOT ISLAND; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; THERMOKARST LAKES; NORTHERN QUEBEC; RICHARDS ISLANDO'Neill, HB; Wolfe, SA; Duchesne, CO'Neill, H. Brendan; Wolfe, Stephen A.; Duchesne, CarolineEnglishGround ice melt caused by climate-induced permafrost degradation may trigger significant ecological change, damage infrastructure, and alter biogeochemical cycles. The fundamental ground ice mapping for Canada is now > 20 years old and does not include significant new insights gained from recent field- and remote-sensing-based studies. New modelling incorporating paleogeography is presented in this paper to depict the distribution of three ground ice types (relict ice, segregated ice, and wedge ice) in northern Canada. The modelling uses an expert-system approach in a geographic information system (GIS), founded in conceptual principles gained from empirically based research, to predict ground ice abundance in near-surface permafrost. Datasets of surficial geology, deglaciation, paleovegetation, glacial lake and marine limits, and modern permafrost distribution allow representations in the models of paleoclimatic shifts, tree line migration, marine and glacial lake inundation, and terrestrial emergence, and their effect on ground ice abundance. The model outputs are generally consistent with field observations, indicating abundant relict ice in the western Arctic, where it has remained preserved since deglaciation in thick glacigenic sediments in continuous permafrost. Segregated ice is widely distributed in fine-grained deposits, occurring in the highest abundance in glacial lake and marine sediments. The modelled abundance of wedge ice largely reflects the exposure time of terrain to low air temperatures in tundra environments following deglaciation or marine/glacial lake inundation and is thus highest in the western Arctic. Holocene environmental changes result in reduced ice abundance where the tree line advanced during warmer periods. Published observations of thaw slumps and massive ice exposures, segregated ice and associated landforms, and ice wedges allow a favourable preliminary assessment of the models, and the results are generally comparable with the previous ground ice mapping for Canada. However, the model outputs are more spatially explicit and better reflect observed ground ice conditions in many regions. Synthetic modelling products that incorporated the previous ground ice information may therefore include inaccuracies. The presented modelling approach is a significant advance in permafrost mapping, but additional field observations and volumetric ice estimates from more areas in Canada are required to improve calibration and validation of small-scale ground ice modelling. The ground ice maps from this paper are available in the supplement in Geo-TIFF format.[O'Neill, H. Brendan; Wolfe, Stephen A.; Duchesne, Caroline] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaO'Neill, HB (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON, Canada.hughbrendan.oneill@canada.caWolfe, Stephen/0000-0001-7255-1184; O'Neill, Brendan/0000-0002-5290-3389Transport Canada; Natural Resources Canada's Postdoctoral Recruitment ProgramTransport Canada; Natural Resources Canada's Postdoctoral Recruitment Program(Natural Resources Canada)The work was supported by Transport Canada and Natural Resources Canada's Postdoctoral Recruitment Program. The paper is Natural Resources Canada contribution no. 20180186 to the Climate Change Geoscience Program. The geographic information system support from Ryan Parker is gratefully acknowledged. The paper has benefitted from helpful comments and suggestions from Sharon Smith, Steve Kokelj, Dan Kerr, Rob Fraser, and Rod Smith. Discussions with Dan Kerr regarding the surficial geology of northern Canada are gratefully appreciated. We thank Mikhail Kanevskiy and Michel Allard for their helpful and constructive reviews and editor Christian Beer for his comments that helped improve the paper.1423838<180 Day Usage Count>120COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereMAR 52019133753773
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-201921Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyHN7YRgold, Green Submitted2023-03-10WOS:0004604102000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveBaker Creek Research WatershedNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1753-2018
Hydrometeorological data from Baker Creek Research Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATAFREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; GROUND THAW INTERACTIONS; SHALLOW SOIL-MOISTURE; CONTRIBUTING AREA; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; STREAMFLOW; DYNAMICSSpence, C; Hedstrom, NSpence, Christopher; Hedstrom, NewellEnglishIt is uncommon to collect long-term coordinated hydrometeorological and hydrological data in northern circumpolar regions. However, such datasets can be very valuable for engineering design, improving environmental prediction tools or detecting change. This dataset documents physiographic, hydrometeorological and hydrological conditions in the Baker Creek Research Watershed from 2003 to 2016. Baker Creek drains water from 155 km(2) of subarctic Canadian Shield terrain in Canada's Northwest Territories. half-hourly hydrometeorological data were collected each year, at least from April to October, from representative locations, including exposed Precambrian bedrock ridges, peatlands, open black spruce forest and lakes. Hydrometeorological data include radiation fluxes, rainfall, temperature, humidity, winds, barometric pressure and turbulent energy fluxes. Terrestrial sites were monitored for ground temperature and soil moisture. Spring maximum snowpack water equivalent, depth and density data are included. Daily streamflow data are available for a series of nested watersheds ranging in size from 9 to 128 km(2). These data are unique in this remote region and provide scientific and engineering communities with an opportunity to advance understanding of geophysical processes and improve infrastructure resiliency. The data described here are available at: https://doi.org/10.20383/101.026.[Spence, Christopher; Hedstrom, Newell] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change CanadaSpence, C (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.chris.spence@canada.ca2855<180 Day Usage Count>09COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataOCT 1201810417531767
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1753-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1753-201815Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGV6APgold, Green Submitted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004461890000010 NData PaperScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.69
Hydrometeorological measurements in peatland-dominated, discontinuous permafrost at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada
Article; Data PaperGEOSCIENCE DATA JOURNALhydrology; micrometeorology; permafrost; thermokarst; wetlandTHAWHaynes, KM; Connon, RF; Quinton, WLHaynes, Kristine M.; Connon, Ryan F.; Quinton, William L.EnglishThe discontinuous permafrost region of northwestern Canada is experiencing rapid warming resulting in dramatic land cover change from forested peatland permafrost terrain to treeless wetlands. Extensive research has been conducted throughout this region to gain insight into how climate-induced land cover change will impact water resources and ecosystem function. This paper presents a hydrological and micrometeorological dataset collected in the Scotty Creek basin, Northwest Territories, Canada over the period of 01 October 2014 to 30 September 2015, a sample of the intensive and coordinated measurements collected annually at this site. Micrometeorological data collected from four stations, one located in each of the land cover types representative of those comprising the Scotty Creek basin including bog, channel fen, stable peat plateau and peat plateau undergoing rapid permafrost degradation and loss, are presented. Monitored micrometeorological variables include incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation (rain and snow) and snow depth. Deep ground temperatures (similar to 1-10 m below the ground surface) from a channel fen as well as disturbed sites common to the basin including a seismic line and winter road are presented. Water levels were also monitored in the representative land cover types over this period. This dataset is available from the Wilfrid Laurier University Library Research Data Repository (https://doi.org/10.5683/SP/OQDRJG) and can be used in coordination with other hydrological and micrometeorological datasets to examine spatio-temporal effects of meteorological conditions on local hydrological responses across cold regions.[Haynes, Kristine M.; Connon, Ryan F.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityHaynes, KM (corresponding author), 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This article was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant.2566<180 Day Usage Count>17WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2049-6060GEOSCI DATA JGeosci. Data J.NOV2019628596
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.69http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.6912Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKA9VNgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005061486000020 NData PaperScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllSites of various paleoclimatological and paleochronological recordsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021
A multiproxy database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records
Article; Data PaperEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATALATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWEST YUKON-TERRITORY; SOUTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SUB-ALPINE; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATIONRoutson, CC; Kaufman, DS; McKay, NP; Erb, MP; Arcusa, SH; Brown, KJ; Kirby, ME; Marsicek, JP; Anderson, RS; Jimenez-Moreno, G; Rodysill, JR; Lachniet, MS; Fritz, SC; Bennett, JR; Goman, MF; Metcalfe, SE; Galloway, JM; Schoups, G; Wahl, DB; Morris, JL; Staines-Urias, F; Dawson, A; Shuman, BN; Gavin, DG; Munroe, JS; Cumming, BFRoutson, Cody C.; Kaufman, Darrell S.; McKay, Nicholas P.; Erb, Michael P.; Arcusa, Stephanie H.; Brown, Kendrick J.; Kirby, Matthew E.; Marsicek, Jeremiah P.; Anderson, R. Scott; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo; Rodysill, Jessica R.; Lachniet, Matthew S.; Fritz, Sherilyn C.; Bennett, Joseph R.; Goman, Michelle F.; Metcalfe, Sarah E.; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Schoups, Gerrit; Wahl, David B.; Morris, Jesse L.; Staines-Urias, Francisca; Dawson, Andria; Shuman, Bryan N.; Gavin, Daniel G.; Munroe, Jeffrey S.; Cumming, Brian F.EnglishHolocene climate reconstructions are useful for understanding the diverse features and spatial heterogeneity of past and future climate change. Here we present a database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records. The database gathers paleoclimate time series from 184 terrestrial and marine sites, including 381 individual proxy records. The records span at least 4000 of the last 12 000 years (median duration of 10 725 years) and have been screened for resolution, chronologic control, and climate sensitivity. Records were included that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features. The database is shared in the machine readable Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format and includes geochronologic data for generating site-level time-uncertain ensembles. This publicly accessible and curated collection of proxy paleoclimate records will have wide research applications, including, for example, investigations of the primary features of oceanatmospheric circulation along the eastern margin of the North Pacific and the latitudinal response of climate to orbital changes. The database is available for download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12863843.v1 (Routson and McKay, 2020).[Routson, Cody C.; Kaufman, Darrell S.; McKay, Nicholas P.; Erb, Michael P.; Arcusa, Stephanie H.; Anderson, R. Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Brown, Kendrick J.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada; [Brown, Kendrick J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Environm & Geog Sci, Okanagan, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; [Kirby, Matthew E.] Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Geol Sci, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA; [Marsicek, Jeremiah P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo] Univ Granada, Dept Estratig & Paleontol, Ave Fuentenueva S-N, Granada 18002, Spain; [Rodysill, Jessica R.] US Geol Survey, Florence Bascom Geosci Ctr, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA; [Lachniet, Matthew S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA; [Fritz, Sherilyn C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68540 USA; [Bennett, Joseph R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Col By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Goman, Michelle F.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Planning, 1801 E Cotati Ave, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA; [Metcalfe, Sarah E.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notts, England; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Geol Survey Canada, 3303 33rd St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Schoups, Gerrit] Delft Univ Technol, Water Resources Management, POB 5048, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; [Wahl, David B.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Morris, Jesse L.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, 260 Cent Campus Dr 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; [Staines-Urias, Francisca] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Dept Marine Geol, Oester Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; [Dawson, Andria] Mt Royal Univ, Dept Gen Educ, 4825 Mt Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; [Shuman, Bryan N.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA; [Gavin, Daniel G.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, 1251 Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; [Munroe, Jeffrey S.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Geol, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA; [Cumming, Brian F.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3J9, CanadaNorthern Arizona University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Okanagan; California State University System; California State University Fullerton; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Granada; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; Carleton University; California State University System; Sonoma State University; University of Nottingham; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Delft University of Technology; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Geological Survey Of Denmark & Greenland; Mount Royal University; University of Wyoming; University of Oregon; Queens University - CanadaRoutson, CC (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.cody.routson@nau.eduGavin, Daniel G/C-9214-2009; Arcusa, Stephanie/AAA-3915-2020; Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo/K-6753-2017Gavin, Daniel G/0000-0001-8743-3949; Arcusa, Stephanie/0000-0003-0694-9623; Erb, Michael/0000-0002-1187-952X; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414; Shuman, Bryan/0000-0002-8149-8925; Jimenez-Moreno, Gonzalo/0000-0001-7185-8686Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation [AGS-1602105, AGS-1903548]Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))This research has been supported by the Directorate for Geosciences of the National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS-1602105 and AGS-1903548).17966<180 Day Usage Count>122COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataAPR 19202113416131632
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-202120Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesRP8HZGreen Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006419655000010 NIncludedScope beyond NWTCanadaAllSnow depth survey sites throughout the NWT maintained by Environment and Climate Change CanadaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1911781
Canadian In Situ Snow Cover Trends for 1955-2017 Including an Assessment of the Impact of Automation
ArticleATMOSPHERE-OCEANsnow depth; Canada; ruler; sonic sensor; trendsBrown, RD; Smith, C; Derksen, C; Mudryk, LBrown, R. D.; Smith, C.; Derksen, C.; Mudryk, L.EnglishSnow cover trends for Canada over the 1955-2017 period for the daily snow depth-observing network of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) are presented based on an updated quality-controlled historical daily in situ snow depth dataset. The period since approximately 1995 is characterized by a rapid decline in manual observations (loss of over 800 manual observing sites between 1995 and 2017) and an increasing number of automated stations equipped with sonic snow depth sensors. In 2017 these accounted for approximately 45% of the network and more than 80% of the snow depth-observing network north of latitude 55 degrees N. Automated stations are characterized by more frequent missing and anomalous data than manual ruler observations, particularly at Arctic sites. A comparison of closely located automated sonic and manual ruler observations showed similar numbers of days with snow cover but the sonic sensors detected significantly lower snow depths. For time series analysis of annual snow cover variables, the systematic difference between ruler and sonic snow depth can be removed using a common 2003-2016 reference period to compute snow cover anomalies. The updated trend results are broadly similar to previously published assessments showing long-term decreases in annual snow cover duration (SCD) and snow depth over most of Canada, with the largest decreases observed in spring snow cover and seasonal maximum snow depth (SDmax). Significant declines in SCD and SDmax of -1.7 (+/- 1.1) days decade(-1) and -1.8 cm (+/- 0.8) cm decade(-1) were observed in the Canada-averaged series over the 1955-2017 period. These trends mainly reflect snow cover conditions over southern Canada where the observing network is concentrated and where there are significant negative correlations between snow cover and winter air temperature. Declining numbers of stations reporting snow depth, issues with sonic sensor data quality, and systematic differences between ruler and sonic sensor measurements are major challenges for continued climate monitoring with the current ECCC snow depth-observing network.[Brown, R. D.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Smith, C.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Derksen, C.; Mudryk, L.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Climate Res Div, Downsview, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaBrown, RD (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Proc Sect, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, Canada.rdbrown@videotron.caSmith, Craig D./0000-0002-6552-1486; Brown, Ross/0000-0001-7196-26866644<180 Day Usage Count>27TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND0705-59001480-9214ATMOS OCEANAtmos.-OceanMAR 1520215927792
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1911781http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.19117812021-04-01 00:00:0016Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; OceanographySA2FIGreen Submitted, hybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006425584000010 YIncludedScope beyond NWTCircumpolar, Tibetan PlateauAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9383-6
Linkage between permafrost distribution and river runoff changes across the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau
ArticleSCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCESPermafrost hydrology; Arctic rivers; Tibetan Plateau rivers; Permafrost degradation; Runoff change3-RIVER HEADWATERS REGION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEGRADATION; DISCHARGE; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTS; CHINA; LAYERSong, CL; Wang, GX; Mao, TX; Dai, JC; Yang, DQSong, Chunlin; Wang, Genxu; Mao, Tianxu; Dai, Junchen; Yang, DaqingEnglishRiver runoff in the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) change significantly in recent decades. However, the mechanisms of the physical processes of permafrost river runoff change remain uncertain across large scale. This study investigated the mainstreams and tributaries of main Arctic and TP rivers dominated by permafrost and assessed the linkage between hydrological regime change and permafrost. The results show that the effects of permafrost on river runoff are highly dependent on the permafrost coverage of a watershed. For the past decades, the majority of the Arctic and TP basins showed increased discharge, while all of the studied basins showed increased baseflow, with faster increasing speed than total discharge. Both total discharge and baseflow annual change rate (Delta Q and Delta BF) increased with permafrost coverage, indicating the increments of streamflow are enhanced with high permafrost coverage. Meanwhile, the annual change of precipitation showed weak connection with total discharge and baseflow change. The high permafrost coverage basins showed high annual maximum/minimum discharge ratio (Q(max)/Q(min)), while the Q(max)/Q(min) changed slightly in low permafrost cover basins. Our results highlight the importance of permafrost coverage on streamflow regime change for permafrost basins across the northern hemisphere. Due to these linkage between permafrost extent and runoff regime change and the increasing changes of permafrost, more attention should be paid to the change of hydrological processes in permafrost-underlain basins.[Song, Chunlin; Wang, Genxu; Dai, Junchen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China; [Song, Chunlin; Dai, Junchen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Mao, Tianxu] Guizhou Univ, Coll Forestry, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China; [Yang, Daqing] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Guizhou University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreWang, GX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.wanggx@imde.ac.cnSong, Chunlin/AGU-3084-2022Song, Chunlin/0000-0003-3627-2350Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [91547203]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41890821]; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA20050102]Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences)This study was supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91547203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41890821), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA20050102).473036<180 Day Usage Count>1494SCIENCE PRESSBEIJING16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA1674-73131869-1897SCI CHINA EARTH SCISci. China-Earth Sci.FEB2020632292302
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9383-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9383-611Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyKQ7LG2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005171013000110 NIncludedScope beyond NWTWestern CanadaAllRivers and river basinsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121617
Assessing Climatic Drivers of Spring Mean and Annual Maximum Flows in Western Canadian River Basins
ArticleWATERpeak flows; multiple linear regression; predictor; predictand; snow water equivalent; annual maximum flow; climate change; western CanadaPROJECTED CHANGES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTS; SNOW; FREQUENCY; FLOODSDibike, YB; Shrestha, RR; Johnson, C; Bonsal, B; Coulibaly, PDibike, Yonas B.; Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Johnson, Colin; Bonsal, Barrie; Coulibaly, PaulinEnglishFlows originating from cold and mountainous watersheds are highly dependent on temperature and precipitation patterns, and the resulting snow accumulation and melt conditions, affecting the magnitude and timing of annual peak flows. This study applied a multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling framework to investigate spatial variations and relative importance of hydroclimatic drivers of annual maximum flows (AMF) and mean spring flows (MAMJflow) in 25 river basins across western Canada. The results show that basin average maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax), April 1st SWE and spring precipitation (MAMJprc) are the most important predictors of both AMF and MAMJflow, with the proportion of explained variance averaging 51.7%, 44.0% and 33.5%, respectively. The MLR models' abilities to project future changes in AMF and MAMJflow in response to changes to the hydroclimatic controls are also examined using the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) output for RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results show considerable spatial variations depending on individual watershed characteristics with projected changes in AMF ranging from -69% to +126% and those of MAMJflow ranging from -48% to +81% by the end of this century. In general, the study demonstrates that the MLR framework is a useful approach for assessing the spatial variation in hydroclimatic controls of annual maximum and mean spring flows in the western Canadian river basins. However, there is a need to exercise caution in applying MLR models for projecting changes in future flows, especially for regulated basins.[Dibike, Yonas B.; Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Johnson, Colin] Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada; [Dibike, Yonas B.; Coulibaly, Paulin] McMaster Univ, Civil Engn Dept, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; [Dibike, Yonas B.; Coulibaly, Paulin] McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie] Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; McMaster University; McMaster University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreDibike, YB (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.;Dibike, YB (corresponding author), McMaster Univ, Civil Engn Dept, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.;Dibike, YB (corresponding author), McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.yonas.dibike@canada.ca; rajesh.shrestha@canada.ca; colinjohnson@uvic.ca; barrie.bonsal@canada.ca; couliba@mcmaster.caShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-6495; Dibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708Environment and Climate Change CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaThis study was conducted with internal funding from Environment and Climate Change Canada.4433<180 Day Usage Count>15MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterJUN20211312
1617
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121617http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1312161717Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesSZ6YYgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006667093000010 NIncludedScope beyond NWTWestern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, DehchoInuvik, Norman Wells, Scotty Creek Research BasinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply004
Assessing local adaptation vs. plasticity under different resource conditions in seedlings of a dominant boreal tree species
ArticleAOB PLANTSBoreal forest; climate change; common garden; functional traits; resilience; resource availabilityPICEA-MARIANA SEEDLINGS; DIVERSE SEED SOURCES; BLACK SPRUCE; ELEVATED CO2; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; GENETIC-VARIATION; SHOOT PHENOLOGY; FROST HARDINESS; BUD PHENOLOGY; GROWTHSniderhan, AE; McNickle, GG; Baltzer, JLSniderhan, Anastasia E.; McNickle, Gordon G.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishUnder changing climate conditions, understanding local adaptation of plants is crucial to predicting the resilience of ecosystems. We selected black spruce (Picea mariana), the most dominant tree species in the North American boreal forest, in order to evaluate local adaptation vs. plasticity across regions experiencing some of the most extreme climate warming globally. Seeds from three provenances across the latitudinal extent of this species in northwestern Canada were planted in a common garden study in growth chambers. Two levels of two resource conditions were applied (low/high nutrient and ambient/elevated CO2) in a fully factorial design and we measured physiological traits, allocational traits, growth and survival. We found significant differences in height, root length and biomass among populations, with southern populations producing the largest seedlings. However, we did not detect meaningful significant differences among nutrient or CO2 treatments in any traits measured, and there were no consistent population-level differences in physiological traits or allocation patterns. We found that there was greater mortality after simulated winter in the high nutrient treatment, which may reflect an important shift in seedling growth strategies under increased resource availability. Our study provides important insight into how this dominant boreal tree species might respond to the changing climate conditions predicted in this region.[Sniderhan, Anastasia E.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [McNickle, Gordon G.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [McNickle, Gordon G.] Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [McNickle, Gordon G.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Ctr Plant Biol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USAWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette CampusBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.;Baltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caMcNickle, Gordon G/F-3699-2017McNickle, Gordon G/0000-0002-7188-7265Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Changing Cold Regions Network; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award program; Ontario Graduate Scholarships; Banting FellowshipNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Changing Cold Regions Network; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award program; Ontario Graduate Scholarships(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); Banting FellowshipFunding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Changing Cold Regions Network, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award program. A.E.S. was supported by Ontario Graduate Scholarships and G.G.M. by a Banting Fellowship.4955<180 Day Usage Count>223OXFORD UNIV PRESSOXFORDGREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND2041-2851AOB PLANTSAob PlantsFEB2018101
ply004
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply004http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply00413Plant Sciences; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFY9ZV29479406gold, Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-05WOS:0004272269000190 NIncludedScope beyond NWTWestern CanadaAllBoreal forestNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab71a0
Behavioral responses to spring snow conditions contribute to long-term shift in migration phenology in American robins
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSTurdus migratorius; migration; climate change; Arctic-borealCLIMATE-CHANGE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TURDUS-MIGRATORIUS; ARRIVAL; BIRDS; ADVANCEMENT; ADJUSTMENT; PASSERINE; MIGRANTS; BOREALOliver, RY; Mahoney, PJ; Gurarie, E; Krikun, N; Weeks, BC; Hebblewhite, M; Liston, G; Boelman, NOliver, Ruth Y.; Mahoney, Peter J.; Gurarie, Eliezer; Krikun, Nicole; Weeks, Brian C.; Hebblewhite, Mark; Liston, Glen; Boelman, NatalieEnglishMigratory birds have the capacity to shift their migration phenology in response to climatic change. Yet the mechanistic underpinning of changes in migratory timing remain poorly understood. We employed newly developed global positioning system (GPS) tracking devices and long-term dataset of migration passage timing to investigate how behavioral responses to environmental conditions relate to phenological shifts in American robins (Turdus migratorius) during spring migration to Arctic-boreal breeding grounds. We found that over the past quarter-century (1994-2018), robins have migrated ca. 5 d/decade earlier. Based on GPS data collected for 55 robins over three springs (2016-2018), we found the arrival timing and likelihood of stopovers, and timing of arrival to breeding grounds, were strongly influenced by dynamics in snow conditions along migratory paths. These findings suggest plasticity in migratory behavior may be an important mechanism for how long-distance migrants adjust their breeding phenology to keep pace with advancement of spring on breeding grounds.[Oliver, Ruth Y.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA; [Oliver, Ruth Y.; Boelman, Natalie] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10027 USA; [Oliver, Ruth Y.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Oliver, Ruth Y.] Yale Univ, Ctr Biodivers & Global Change, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; [Mahoney, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Krikun, Nicole] Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observ, Slave Lake, AB, Canada; [Weeks, Brian C.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Weeks, Brian C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Liston, Glen] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USAColumbia University; Columbia University; Yale University; Yale University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Colorado State UniversityOliver, RY (corresponding author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.;Oliver, RY (corresponding author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10027 USA.;Oliver, RY (corresponding author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.;Oliver, RY (corresponding author), Yale Univ, Ctr Biodivers & Global Change, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.ruth.oliver@yale.eduHebblewhite, Mark/AAI-8101-2020; Oliver, Ruth/HHS-2646-2022; hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; Gurarie, Eliezer/AGI-0958-2022Hebblewhite, Mark/0000-0001-5382-1361; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674; Boelman, Natalie/0000-0003-3716-2372NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment [NNX15AV92A, NNX15AW71A, NNX15AU20A]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE 16-44869]; Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observatory; Boreal Centre for Bird Conservation; NASA [NNX15AU20A, 797160] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observatory; Boreal Centre for Bird Conservation; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This project was funded by NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (NNX15AV92A to NTB, NNX15AW71A to MH, and NNX15AU20A to L Prugh (Postdoctoral advisor for PJM)) and the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE 16-44869 to RYO). We thank the Lesser Slave Lake Bird Observatory and Boreal Centre for Bird Conservation for providing support and logistics. We also thank Richard Krikun for his assistance and expertise.681010<180 Day Usage Count>321IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.APR2020154
45003
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab71a0http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab71a011Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKZ8LDgold2023-03-09WOS:0005235088000010 NIncludedScope beyond NWTWestern CanadaDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveResearch plots on Tlicho lands and to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00920-8
Fuel availability not fire weather controls boreal wildfire severity and carbon emissions
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECHANGING CLIMATE; AREA; FORESTS; ALASKAWalker, XJ; Rogers, BM; Veraverbeke, S; Johnstone, JF; Baltzer, JL; Barrett, K; Bourgeau-Chavez, L; Day, NJ; de Groot, WJ; Dieleman, CM; Goetz, S; Hoy, E; Jenkins, LK; Kane, ES; Parisien, MA; Potter, S; Schuur, EAG; Turetsky, M; Whitman, E; Mack, MCWalker, X. J.; Rogers, B. M.; Veraverbeke, S.; Johnstone, J. F.; Baltzer, J. L.; Barrett, K.; Bourgeau-Chavez, L.; Day, N. J.; de Groot, W. J.; Dieleman, C. M.; Goetz, S.; Hoy, E.; Jenkins, L. K.; Kane, E. S.; Parisien, M. -A.; Potter, S.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Turetsky, M.; Whitman, E.; Mack, M. C.EnglishCarbon (C) emissions from wildfires are a key terrestrial-atmosphere interaction that influences global atmospheric composition and climate. Positive feedbacks between climate warming and boreal wildfires are predicted based on top-down controls of fire weather and climate, but C emissions from boreal fires may also depend on bottom-up controls of fuel availability related to edaphic controls and overstory tree composition. Here we synthesized data from 417 field sites spanning six ecoregions in the northwestern North American boreal forest and assessed the network of interactions among potential bottom-up and top-down drivers of C emissions. Our results indicate that C emissions are more strongly driven by fuel availability than by fire weather, highlighting the importance of fine-scale drainage conditions, overstory tree species composition and fuel accumulation rates for predicting total C emissions. By implication, climate change-induced modification of fuels needs to be considered for accurately predicting future C emissions from boreal wildfires. Carbon emissions from fires are generally modelled and predicted from fire weather and climate. Fuel availability drives carbon emissions more strongly than fire weather in boreal forests, highlighting the importance of ecological dynamics for fire-climate feedbacks.[Walker, X. J.; Schuur, E. A. G.; Mack, M. C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Rogers, B. M.; Potter, S.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Veraverbeke, S.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Johnstone, J. F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, J. F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Baltzer, J. L.; Day, N. J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Barrett, K.] Univ Leicester, Sch Geog Geol & Environm, Leicester, Leics, England; [Bourgeau-Chavez, L.; Jenkins, L. K.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA; [Day, N. J.] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Auckland, New Zealand; [de Groot, W. J.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Dieleman, C. M.; Turetsky, M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Goetz, S.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Hoy, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Jenkins, L. K.] Univ Michigan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Kane, E. S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA; [Parisien, M. -A.; Whitman, E.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Turetsky, M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USANorthern Arizona University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Leicester; Michigan Technological University; Auckland University of Technology; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Great Lakes Forestry Centre; University of Guelph; Northern Arizona University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Michigan Technological University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderWalker, XJ (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.xanthe.walker@gmail.comWalker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012; Johnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant [NNX15AT71A]; NSF DEB RAPID [1542150]; NASA ABoVE grant [NNX15AT83A, NNX15AU56A]; Joint Fire Science Program [05-1-2-06]; NSF [0445458, DEB-0423442]; NSERC; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [170]; NSERC PDFs; Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); NERC [NE/N009495/1] Funding Source: UKRI; NASA [NNX15AT83A, 797692, 802425, NNX15AT71A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant; NSF DEB RAPID; NASA ABoVE grant; Joint Fire Science Program; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NSERC PDFs; Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This synthesis work for this project was supported by funding from the NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant NNX15AT71A awarded to M.C.M. The original field studies were supported by funding in the United States from NSF DEB RAPID grant no. 1542150 to M.C.M., NASA ABoVE grant NNX15AT83A to L.B.-C., NASA ABoVE grant NNX15AU56A to B.M.R., S.V. and M.T., Joint Fire Science Program grant 05-1-2-06 to J.F.J., NSF grant 0445458 to M.C.M., NSF support to the Bonanza Creek LTER (DEB-0423442); and in Canada from NSERC Discovery Grant funding to J.F.J. and M.R.T.; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project #170 to J.L.B.; NSERC PDFs to N.J.D. and C.M.D.; GNWT logistical and financial support through the Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program funding awarded to Canadian field assistants; S.V. acknowledges Vidi grant support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).464747<180 Day Usage Count>1054NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.DEC202010121130U100
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00920-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00920-82020-10-01 00:00:009Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesPE1ZAGreen Submitted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005770518000020 YIncludedScope beyond NWTWestern CanadaAllRivers and river basinsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4912
Implications of future climate on water availability in the western Canadian river basins
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGYwater availability; climate change; western Canada; emissions scenarios; statistical downscaling; CMIP5; SPEINORTH-AMERICAN CLIMATE; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; DROUGHT INDEX; CMIP5; PRECIPITATION; IMPACTS; MODEL; PROJECTIONS; RESOURCES; EXTREMESDibike, Y; Prowse, T; Bonsal, B; O'Neil, HDibike, Yonas; Prowse, Terry; Bonsal, Barrie; O'Neil, HayleyEnglishPrecipitation, temperature, and evaporative demand are the most dominant factors affecting water availability in a region. This study examines projected changes in these hydro-climatic variables over western Canada under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios using statistically downscaled, high resolution climate data generated by six Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Potential changes in the spatial and seasonal distributions of water availability over nine major western Canadian river basins are examined by computing the 3- and 12-month standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration indices (SPEI-3 and SPEI-12). While individual GCM projections vary on the rate and seasonality of changes, they all indicate similar spatial and temporal patterns. The highest projected increases in precipitation and temperature are primarily in the northern basins, with some decreases in summer precipitation in the southern basins. The evolution of the SPEI-12 values for the southern basins such as Columbia, Saskatchewan, Fraser and Athabasca indicate a gradual increase in the magnitude and duration of water deficit, while the reverse was found for most of the northern basins such as Peel/Lower Mackenzie, Liard, and Northern Pacific that show a gradual increase in water surplus on an annual basis. The SPEI-3, however, shows that almost all river basins in western Canada, with the exception of Peel/Lower Mackenzie that are located in the extreme north of the study region, are projected to experience decreasing water availability in summer. In general, the study highlights the potential changes in the spatial and seasonal distribution of western Canadian water resources and sets the stage for a more detailed and process based hydro-climate modelling study to be conducted in the region.[Dibike, Yonas; Prowse, Terry; O'Neil, Hayley] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, W CIRC, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, NHRC, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaDibike, Y (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, ECCC W CIRC, POB 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.Yonas.Dibike@canada.caDibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708613737<180 Day Usage Count>225WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0899-84181097-0088INT J CLIMATOLInt. J. Climatol.JUN 15201737732473263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4912http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.491217Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEZ6TP2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004048514000150 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016740
A Changing Arctic Ocean: How Measured and Modeled I-129 Distributions Indicate Fundamental Shifts in Circulation Between 1994 and 2015
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSarctic; circulation; model; tracerCOLD HALOCLINE LAYER; ATLANTIC WATER; BASIN; VARIABILITY; RETURNSmith, JN; Karcher, M; Casacuberta, N; Williams, WJ; Kenna, T; Smethie, WMSmith, John N.; Karcher, Michael; Casacuberta, Nuria; Williams, William J.; Kenna, Tim; Smethie, William M., Jr.EnglishI-129 measurements on samples collected during GEOTRACES oceanographic missions in the Arctic Ocean in 2015 have provided the first synoptic I-129 sections across the Eurasian, Canada, and Makarov Basins. During the 1990s, increased discharges of I-129 from European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants produced a large, tracer spike whose passage through the Arctic Ocean has been followed by I-129 time series measurements over the past 25 years. Elevated I-129 levels measured over the Lomonosov and Alpha-Mendeleyev Ridges in 2015 were associated with tracer labeled, Atlantic-origin water bathymetrically steered by the ridge systems through the central Arctic while lower I-129 levels were evident in the more poorly ventilated basin interiors. I-129 levels of 200-400 x 10(7) at/l measured in intermediate waters had increased by a factor of 10 in 2015 compared to 1994-1996 owing to the circulation of the 1990s, I-129 input spike. Comparisons of I-129 distributions between the mid-1990s and 2015 delineate large scale circulation changes that occurred during the shift from a positive Arctic Oscillation and a cyclonic circulation regime in the mid-1990s to anticyclonic circulation in 2015. The latter is characterized by a broadened Beaufort Gyre in the upper ocean, a weakened boundary current and partial mid-depth, AW flow reversal in the southern Canada Basin. Tracer I-129 simulations using the applied circulation model, NAOSIM, agree with both historical I-129 results and recent GEOTRACES data sets, thereby supporting the present interpretation of the relationship of changes in arctic circulation to shifts in climate indices revealed by tracer I-129 distributions.[Smith, John N.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Karcher, Michael] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Karcher, Michael] OASys Ocean Atmosphere Syst GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; [Casacuberta, Nuria] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland; [Williams, William J.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Kenna, Tim; Smethie, William M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Pallisades, NY USABedford Institute of Oceanography; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Columbia UniversitySmith, JN (corresponding author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.John.Smith@dfo-mpo.gc.caSmethie, William/0000-0001-7580-8918; Karcher, Michael/0000-0002-9587-811X; Casacuberta, Nuria/0000-0001-7316-1655Norwegian 'Fram Centre' in the project 'TRIMODAL'; Norwegian Research Foundation in the project 'FreshARC'; Swiss National Science Foundation [PZ00P2_154805]; ETH Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics; NSERC [RGPCC 433848-2012]Norwegian 'Fram Centre' in the project 'TRIMODAL'; Norwegian Research Foundation in the project 'FreshARC'; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); ETH Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Part of the contribution of MK to this study has been supported by the Norwegian 'Fram Centre' in the project 'TRIMODAL' and by the Norwegian Research Foundation in the project 'FreshARC'. NC research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Ambizione PZ00P2_154805) and the ETH Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics. JNS research was supported by NSERC Grant RGPCC 433848-2012. Many of the figures in this report were prepared using ODV software (Schlitzer, Reiner, Ocean Data View, odv.awi.de, 2020). The authors wish to thank the officers and crew of the many vessels utilized in the collection of the samples employed in this study. The authors also thank Dr. Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff and an anonymous reviewer for thoughtful and very helpful reviews of this manuscript.5677<180 Day Usage Count>18AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansMAR20211263
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016740http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JC01674021OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyRH5VF2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0006362853000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0552.1
Attribution of Arctic Sea Ice Decline from 1953 to 2012 to Influences from Natural, Greenhouse Gas, and Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEArctic; Sea ice; Aerosols; Climate change; Climate models; Climate variabilityPART I; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ERUPTIONS; EXTENT; MODELMueller, BL; Gillett, NP; Monahan, AH; Zwiers, FWMueller, B. L.; Gillett, N. P.; Monahan, A. H.; Zwiers, F. W.EnglishThe paper presents results from a climate change detection and attribution study on the decline of Arctic sea ice extent in September for the 1953-2012 period. For this period three independently derived observational datasets and simulations from multiple climate models are available to attribute observed changes in the sea ice extent to known climate forcings. Here we direct our attention to the combined cooling effect from other anthropogenic forcing agents (mainly aerosols), which has potentially masked a fraction of greenhouse gas-induced Arctic sea ice decline. The presented detection and attribution framework consists of a regression model, namely, regularized optimal fingerprinting, where observations are regressed onto model-simulated climate response patterns (i.e., fingerprints). We show that fingerprints from greenhouse gas, natural, and other anthropogenic forcings are detected in the three observed records of Arctic sea ice extent. Beyond that, our findings indicate that for the 1953-2012 period roughly 23% of the greenhouse gas-induced negative sea ice trend has been offset by a weak positive sea ice trend attributable to other anthropogenic forcing. We show that our detection and attribution results remain robust in the presence of emerging nonstationary internal climate variability acting upon sea ice using a perfect model experiment and data from two large ensembles of climate simulations.[Mueller, B. L.; Monahan, A. H.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Gillett, N. P.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Zwiers, F. W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); University of Victoria; University of VictoriaMueller, BL (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.bennitm@uvic.caMueller, Bennit/0000-0001-8596-245XCanadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. B.M. acknowledges funding from the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE). M. Piron, H. Titchner, and J. Walsh are thanked for their comments on available observational data sets. J. Fyfe, N. Swart, G. Flato, R. Najafi, A. Dirkson, and B. Johnson are thanked for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. AHM acknowledges funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).731616<180 Day Usage Count>352AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.OCT2018311977717787
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0552.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0552.117Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGQ1HZBronze2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004413810000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430
Environmental drivers of under-ice phytoplankton bloom dynamics in the Arctic Ocean
ArticleELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENEUnder-ice phytoplankton blooms; Biogeochemical cycles; Nutrients; Sea Ice; Climate change; Arctic OceanSEA-ICE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHAEOCYSTIS BLOOMS; PIGMENT SIGNATURES; CLASS ABUNDANCES; GREENLAND SEA; BEAUFORT SEA; WATER; VARIABILITY; SUMMERArdyna, M; Mundy, CJ; Mills, MM; Oziel, L; Grondin, PL; Lacour, L; Verin, G; Van Dijken, G; Ras, J; Alou-Font, E; Babin, M; Gosselin, M; Tremblay, JE; Raimbault, P; Assmy, P; Nicolaus, M; Claustre, H; Arrigo, KRArdyna, Mathieu; Mundy, C. J.; Mills, Matthew M.; Oziel, Laurent; Grondin, Pierre-Luc; Lacour, Leo; Verin, Gauthier; Van Dijken, Gert; Ras, Josephine; Alou-Font, Eva; Babin, Marcel; Gosselin, Michel; Tremblay, Jean-Eric; Raimbault, Patrick; Assmy, Philipp; Nicolaus, Marcel; Claustre, Herve; Arrigo, Kevin R.EnglishThe decline of sea-ice thickness, area, and volume due to the transition from multi-year to first-year sea ice has improved the under-ice light environment for pelagic Arctic ecosystems. One unexpected and direct consequence of this transition, the proliferation of under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs), challenges the paradigm that waters beneath the ice pack harbor little planktonic life. Little is known about the diversity and spatial distribution of UIBs in the Arctic Ocean, or the environmental drivers behind their timing, magnitude, and taxonomic composition. Here, we compiled a unique and comprehensive dataset from seven major research projects in the Arctic Ocean (11 expeditions, covering the spring sea-ice-covered period to summer ice-free conditions) to identify the environmental drivers responsible for initiating and shaping the magnitude and assemblage structure of UIBs. The temporal dynamics behind UIB formation are related to the ways that snow and sea-ice conditions impact the under-ice light field. In particular, the onset of snowmelt significantly increased under-ice light availability (>0.1-0.2 mol photons m(-2) d(-1)), marking the concomitant termination of the sea-ice algal bloom and initiation of UIBs. At the pan-Arctic scale, bloom magnitude (expressed as maximum chlorophyll a concentration) was predicted best by winter water Si(OH)(4) and PO43- concentrations, as well as Si(OH)(4):NO3- and PO43-:NO3- drawdown ratios, but not NO3- concentration. Two main phytoplankton assemblages dominated UIBs (diatoms or Phaeocystis), driven primarily by the winter nitrate:silicate (NO3-:Si(OH)(4)) ratio and the under-ice light climate. Phaeocystis co-dominated in low Si(OH)(4) (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)(4) molar ratios >1) waters, while diatoms contributed the bulk of UIB biomass when Si(OH)(4) was high (i.e., NO3:Si(OH)(4) molar ratios <1). The implications of such differences in UIB composition could have important ramifications for Arctic biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately impact carbon flow to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean.[Ardyna, Mathieu; Mills, Matthew M.; Van Dijken, Gert; Arrigo, Kevin R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Ardyna, Mathieu; Oziel, Laurent; Ras, Josephine; Claustre, Herve] Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [Mundy, C. J.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observ Sci CEOS, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Oziel, Laurent; Grondin, Pierre-Luc; Lacour, Leo; Verin, Gauthier; Babin, Marcel; Tremblay, Jean-Eric] Laval Univ, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Oziel, Laurent; Grondin, Pierre-Luc; Lacour, Leo; Verin, Gauthier; Babin, Marcel; Tremblay, Jean-Eric] CNRS, Paris, France; [Oziel, Laurent; Grondin, Pierre-Luc; Lacour, Leo; Verin, Gauthier; Babin, Marcel; Tremblay, Jean-Eric] Univ Laval, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Alou-Font, Eva] Balearic Isl Coastal Observing & Forecasting Syst, Palma De Mallorca, Spain; [Gosselin, Michel] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Inst Sci Mer Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Raimbault, Patrick] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog MIO, CNRS INSU, Marseille, France; [Assmy, Philipp] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Nicolaus, Marcel] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, GermanyStanford University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; University of Manitoba; Laval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laval University; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille Universite; Norwegian Polar Institute; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine ResearchArdyna, M (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Ardyna, M (corresponding author), Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, LOV, Villefranche Sur Mer, France.ardyna@stanford.eduNicolaus, Marcel/A-3658-2013; Ardyna, Mathieu/N-2027-2018; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011; Gosselin, Michel/B-4477-2014Nicolaus, Marcel/0000-0003-0903-1746; Ardyna, Mathieu/0000-0002-4703-6655; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258; Mundy, C.J./0000-0001-5945-8305; Arrigo, Kevin/0000-0002-7364-876X; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253; Gosselin, Michel/0000-0002-1044-0793; Lacour, Leo/0000-0003-1792-5969European Union [746748]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Canadian IPY Federal program office; NSERC; ANR [111112]; CNES [131425]; French -Arctic Initiative; Fondation Total; CSA; LEFE; IPEV [1164]; Amundsen Science program - Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Major Science Initiatives (MSI) Fund; Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Cryosphere Science Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration [NNX10AF42G, NNH10A017I, NNX10AT67G, NNX10AG36G, NNX09AE42G, NNX11AF65G, NNX10AH71G, NNX10AG07G, NNX10AG05G]; Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute; Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway; Research Council of Norway [244646]; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway (project ID Arctic); PCSP; NSF Office of Polar Programs [PLR-1304563, PLR-1303617]; ArcticNet; CERC on Remote sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontierEuropean Union(European Commission); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian IPY Federal program office; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ANR(French National Research Agency (ANR)); CNES(Centre National D'etudes Spatiales); French -Arctic Initiative; Fondation Total; CSA; LEFE; IPEV; Amundsen Science program - Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Major Science Initiatives (MSI) Fund; Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program; Cryosphere Science Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration; Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute; Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway; Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway (project ID Arctic); PCSP; NSF Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); ArcticNet; CERC on Remote sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontierM.A. was supported by a European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant (no. 746748). This work represents a contribution to the Sorbonne Universite and Stanford University. The CASES expedition was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Network grant with logistical support from the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP) of Natural Resources Canada. The CFL expedition is a contribution to the International Polar Year-Circumpolar Flaw Lead system study (IPY-CFL 2008), supported through grants from the Canadian IPY Federal program office, NSERC and numerous international collaborators. The GreenEdge project is funded by the following French and Canadian programs and agencies: ANR (Contract #111112), ArcticNet, CERC on Remote sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontier, CNES (project #131425), French -Arctic Initiative, Fondation Total, CSA, LEFE and IPEV (project #1164). This project was conducted using the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen with the support of the Amundsen Science program funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) Major Science Initiatives (MSI) Fund. The ICESCAPE expedition was funded by the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program and the Cryosphere Science Program of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NNX10AF42G to K. Arrigo, R. Pickart, and J. Swift, NNH10A017I to D. Perovich, NNX10AT67G to W. Balch, NNX10AG36G to N. Bates and J. Mathis, NNX09AE42G and NNX11AF65G to B. G. -Mitchell and C. -Benitez-Nelson, NNX10AH71G to K. Frey, NNX10AG07G to S. Laney and H. Sosik, and NNX10AG05G to R. Reynolds). The N-ICE expedition was supported by the former Centre for Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute and the Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway. P.A. was funded by the Research Council of Norway (project no. 244646), and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway (project ID Arctic). The Resolute expedition was supported by PCSP and by NSERC Discovery and Northern Research Supplement Grants to C.J. Mundy and M. Gosselin. The SUBICE expedition was sponsored by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (PLR-1304563 to K. R. Arrigo and PLR-1303617 to R. S. Pickart).933234<180 Day Usage Count>332UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESSOAKLAND155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA2325-1026ELEMENTA-SCI ANTHROPElementa-Sci. Anthrop.JUL 920208
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.430http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.43021Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesMJ2TZGreen Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005479468000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0848.1
Evidence for an Increasing Role of Ocean Heat in Arctic Winter Sea Ice Growth
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEArctic; Sea ice; Remote sensing; Climate changeFREEBOARD RETRIEVAL; THICKNESS; CRYOSAT-2; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SNOW; AIRCRAFT; IMPACTRicker, R; Kauker, F; Schweiger, A; Hendricks, S; Zhang, JL; Paul, SRicker, Robert; Kauker, Frank; Schweiger, Axel; Hendricks, Stefan; Zhang, Jinlun; Paul, StephanEnglishWe investigate how sea ice decline in summer and warmer ocean and surface temperatures in winter affect sea ice growth in the Arctic. Sea ice volume changes are estimated from satellite observations during winter from 2002 to 2019 and are partitioned into thermodynamic growth and dynamic volume change. Both components are compared with validated sea ice-ocean models forced by reanalysis data to extend observations back to 1980 and to understand the mechanisms that cause the observed trends and variability. We find that a negative feedback driven by the increasing sea ice retreat in summer yields increasing thermodynamic ice growth during winter in the Arctic marginal seas eastward from the Laptev Sea to the Beaufort Sea. However, in the Barents and Kara Seas, this feedback seems to be overpowered by the impact of increasing oceanic heat flux and air temperatures, resulting in negative trends in thermodynamic ice growth of -2km(3) month(-1) yr(-1) on average over 2002-19 as derived from satellite observations.[Ricker, Robert; Kauker, Frank; Hendricks, Stefan] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Schweiger, Axel; Zhang, Jinlun] Univ Washington, Polar Sci Ctr, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA; [Paul, Stephan] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Geog, Munich, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of MunichRicker, R (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.robert.ricker@awi.deRicker, Robert/Z-4214-2019; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146651313<180 Day Usage Count>46AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.JUL2021341352155227
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0848.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0848.113Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences0C9UWBronze2023-03-13WOS:0007756510000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007623
Freshwater Seepage Into Sediments of the Shelf, Shelf Edge, and Continental Slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea
ArticleGEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMSsubmarine permafrost; submarine groundwater discharge; gas hydrates; pore waters fresheningSUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; GAS HYDRATE STABILITY; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; OFFSHORE PERMAFROST; MACKENZIE RIVER; SHEAR-STRENGTH; FLOW; AREAGwiazda, R; Paull, CK; Dallimore, SR; Melling, H; Jin, YK; Hong, JK; Riedel, M; Lundsten, E; Anderson, K; Conway, KGwiazda, R.; Paull, C. K.; Dallimore, S. R.; Melling, H.; Jin, Y. K.; Hong, J. K.; Riedel, M.; Lundsten, E.; Anderson, K.; Conway, K.EnglishLong-term warming of the continental shelf of the Canadian Beaufort Sea caused by the transgression associated with the last deglaciation may be causing decomposition of relict offshore subsea permafrost and gas hydrates. To evaluate this possibility, pore waters from 118 sediment cores up to 7.3-m long were taken on the shelf and slope and analyzed for chloride concentrations and delta(18)0 and delta D composition. We observed downcore decreases in pore waters Cl- concentration in sediments from all sites from the inner shelf (<20-m water depth), from the shelf edge, from the outer slope (down to 1,000-m water depths), and from localized shelf features such as midshelf pingo-like features and inner shelf pockmarks. In contrast, pore water freshening is absent from all investigated cores of the Mackenzie Trough. Downcore pore waters Cl- concentration decreases indicate regional widespread freshwater seepage. Extrapolations to zero Cl- of pore water Cl- versus delta(18)0 regression lines indicate that freshwaters in these environments carry different isotope signatures and thus are sourced from different reservoirs. These isotopic signatures indicate that freshening of shelf sediments pore waters is a result of downward infiltration of Mackenzie River water, freshening of shelf edge sediments is due to relict submarine permafrost degradation or gas hydrate decomposition under the shelf, and freshening of slope sediments is consistent with regional groundwater flow and submarine groundwater discharge as far as 150 km from shore. These results confirm ongoing decomposition of offshore permafrost and suggest extensive current groundwater discharge far from the coast. Plain Language Summary The continental shelves around the Arctic Ocean were exposed to very low temperatures during the last glacial period more than 12,000 years ago. Precipitation that infiltrated these areas froze in the soils as permafrost. When climate warmed at the end of the glacial period, sea level rose and inundated the shelves warming them up. The warming may be reaching the now submarine permafrost and inducing its melting. This permafrost decomposition may be detected as freshwater seeping into the seafloor. In this study, we found evidence that in the Canadian Beaufort Sea not only permafrost is decomposing and seeping into the seafloor but also current groundwater discharge into the seafloor occurs at distances as far as 150 km from the current shore, likely routed by the permafrost presence in the shelf as a frozen lid. Active water discharge onto sediments may induce sediment instabilities that result in landslides, which can trigger tsunamis. In addition, sediment instabilities are a geohazard for sea-based infrastructure.[Gwiazda, R.; Paull, C. K.; Lundsten, E.; Anderson, K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA; [Dallimore, S. R.; Conway, K.] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Melling, H.] Dept Fisheries & Oceanog, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Jin, Y. K.; Hong, J. K.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea; [Riedel, M.] Geomar Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, GermanyMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research KielGwiazda, R (corresponding author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.rgwiazda@mbari.orgLundsten, Eve/0000-0001-8208-7426; Jin, Young Keun/0000-0003-3511-0464David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Geological Survey of Canada; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; KOPRI project - MOF RD program [PM17050, KIMST 20160247]David and Lucile Packard Foundation(The David & Lucile Packard Foundation); Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; KOPRI project - MOF RD program(Korea Polar Research Institute of Marine Research Placement (KOPRI)Ministry of Oceans & Fisheries (MOF), Republic of Korea)This manuscript was improved by the reviews of John Pohlman and an anonymous reviewer. Support was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Geological Survey of Canada, and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. This study was supported by KOPRI project (PM17050) funded by the MOF R&D program (KIMST 20160247)841313<180 Day Usage Count>428AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA1525-2027GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSYGeochem. Geophys. Geosyst.SEP201819930393055
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007623http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GC00762317Geochemistry & GeophysicsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geochemistry & GeophysicsGY3SPhybrid, Green Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004484751000100 YIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007185
Interannual Variability in Methane and Nitrous Oxide Concentrations and Sea-Air Fluxes Across the North American Arctic Ocean (2015-2019)
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESArctic Ocean; methane; nitrous oxide; biogeochemistry; climate changeSHALLOW SEDIMENT METHANE; BEAUFORT SEA; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; DISSOLVED METHANE; WATER COLUMN; GAS-EXCHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GRAZING IMPACT; CHUKCHI SHELF; CARBONManning, CCM; Zheng, ZY; Fenwick, L; McCulloch, RD; Damm, E; Izett, RW; Williams, WJ; Zimmermann, S; Vagle, S; Tortell, PDManning, Cara C. M.; Zheng, Zhiyin; Fenwick, Lindsay; McCulloch, Ross D.; Damm, Ellen; Izett, Robert W.; Williams, William J.; Zimmermann, Sarah; Vagle, Svein; Tortell, Philippe D.EnglishBetween 2015 and 2018, we collected approximately 2,000 water column measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the North American Arctic Ocean during summer and early fall. We also obtained 25 measurements of CH4 and N2O concentrations in rivers along the Northwest Passage and Ellesmere Island in midsummer 2017-2019. Our results show that N2O is generated in the highly productive Bering and Chukchi Seas and transported northeastward, producing a persistent subsurface N2O peak in the Beaufort Sea. The Chukchi and Beaufort Sea sediments are a significant source of CH4 to the water column. These sedimentary sources and associated water column consumption display significant spatial gradients and interannual variability. CH4 isotope data demonstrate the importance of CH4 oxidation across the study region. We find that rivers are not a significant source of CH4 or N2O to the Arctic Ocean at the time of year sampled. The estimated annual sea-air flux across the study region (2.3 million km(2)) had a median (first quartile, third quartile) of 0.009 (0.002, 0.023) Tg CH4 y(-1) and -0.003 (-0.013, 0.010) Tg N y(-1). These results suggest that the North American Arctic Ocean currently plays a negligible role in global CH4 and N2O budgets. Our expansive data set, with observations at many repeat stations, provides a synopsis of present-day Arctic CH4 and N2O distributions and their range of variability, as well as a benchmark against which future climate-dependent changes can be evaluated.[Manning, Cara C. M.; Zheng, Zhiyin; Fenwick, Lindsay; McCulloch, Ross D.; Izett, Robert W.; Tortell, Philippe D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Manning, Cara C. M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA; [Damm, Ellen] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Williams, William J.; Zimmermann, Sarah; Vagle, Svein] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Tortell, Philippe D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; University of Connecticut; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of British ColumbiaManning, CCM (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Manning, CCM (corresponding author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.cara.manning@uconn.eduMcCulloch, Ross/0000-0003-3496-0213; Damm, Ellen/0000-0002-1487-1283; Manning, Cara/0000-0002-4984-5093; Tortell, Philippe/0000-0003-0212-2151ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; Amundsen Science program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES program (NSERC CCAR); NSERC postdoctoral fellowship; NSERC Alexander Graham Bell fellowship; NSERC; POLAR Northern Scientific Training ProgramArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; Amundsen Science program; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES program (NSERC CCAR); NSERC postdoctoral fellowship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Alexander Graham Bell fellowship; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); POLAR Northern Scientific Training ProgramResearch on the CCGS Amundsen was funded by ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada, the Amundsen Science program, which is supported through Universite Laval by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES program (NSERC CCAR). Research on the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier is part of the international Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) effort and the Canada Three Oceans project (C3O) led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Institute of Ocean Sciences. The samples collected on the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent were collected as part of the Joint Ocean Ice Studies (JOIS) program lead by Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Institute of Ocean Sciences in collaboration with the NSF Arctic Observing Network's Beaufort Gyre Observing System, led by researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Data are made available by the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project based at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Additional funding sources for the research include an NSERC postdoctoral fellowship to C. C. M. Manning, NSERC Alexander Graham Bell fellowship to R. W. Izett, NSERC Discovery Grant to P. D. Tortell, and a POLAR Northern Scientific Training Program Grant to R. W. Izett. The authors acknowledge the science teams and crew who have enabled the scientific missions to be completed. Sample collectors included Tonya Burgers, David Capelle, Shaomin Chen, Monica Nelson, Nina Nemcek, Karl Purcell, Di Wan, and Yuanxin Zhang.12200<180 Day Usage Count>314AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleAPR2022364
e2021GB007185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007185http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB00718525Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences0M9ESGreen Submitted, Green Published2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0007824519000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1302
Increased fluxes of shelf-derived materials to the central Arctic Ocean
ArticleSCIENCE ADVANCESSUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; SEA-ICE; RADIUM ISOTOPES; FRESH-WATER; LAPTEV SEA; BASIN; RA-228; PB-210; TRACER; SEDIMENTSKipp, LE; Charette, MA; Moore, WS; Henderson, PB; Rigor, IGKipp, Lauren E.; Charette, Matthew A.; Moore, Willard S.; Henderson, Paul B.; Rigor, Ignatius G.EnglishRising temperatures in the Arctic Ocean region are responsible for changes such as reduced ice cover, permafrost thawing, and increased river discharge, which, together, alter nutrient and carbon cycles over the vast Arctic continental shelf. We show that the concentration of radium-228, sourced to seawater through sediment-water exchange processes, has increased substantially in surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean over the past decade. A mass balancemodel for Ra-228 suggests that this increase is due to an intensification of shelf-derived material inputs to the central basin, a source that would also carry elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients. Therefore, we suggest that significant changes in the nutrient, carbon, and trace metal balances of the Arctic Ocean are underway, with the potential to affect biological productivity and species assemblages in Arctic surface waters.[Kipp, Lauren E.; Charette, Matthew A.; Henderson, Paul B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Kipp, Lauren E.] Massachusetts Inst Technol Woods Hole Oceanog Ins, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Moore, Willard S.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA; [Rigor, Ignatius G.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA; [Rigor, Ignatius G.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USAWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington SeattleKipp, LE (corresponding author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.;Kipp, LE (corresponding author), Massachusetts Inst Technol Woods Hole Oceanog Ins, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.lkipp17@mit.eduCharette, Matthew/I-9495-2012; Moore, Willard S/B-6096-2016Moore, Willard S/0000-0001-5930-5325; Henderson, Paul/0000-0002-0751-9409; Kipp, Lauren/0000-0002-5111-9779NSF [OCE-1458305, OCE-1458424]; North Pacific Research Board; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; U.S. Interagency Arctic Buoy Program; U.S. Coast Guard; Department of Energy, NASA; U.S. Navy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NSF; Directorate For Geosciences; Division Of Ocean Sciences [1458424, 1458305] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); North Pacific Research Board; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; U.S. Interagency Arctic Buoy Program; U.S. Coast Guard; Department of Energy, NASA; U.S. Navy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Directorate For Geosciences; Division Of Ocean Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))This work was funded by NSF awards OCE-1458305 to M.A.C. and OCE-1458424 to W.S.M. The Mackenzie River sampling was supported by a Graduate Student Research Award from the North Pacific Research Board to L.E.K. L.E.K. also acknowledges support from a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. I.G.R. acknowledges funding by the contributors to the U.S. Interagency Arctic Buoy Program, which include the U.S. Coast Guard, the Department of Energy, NASA, the U.S. Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NSF.586364<180 Day Usage Count>029AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCEWASHINGTON1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA2375-2548SCI ADVSci. Adv.JAN201841
eaao1302
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao1302http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao13029Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsFY3CF29326980Green Accepted, Green Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0004266942000240 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012493
Methane and nitrous oxide distributions across the North American Arctic Ocean during summer, 2015
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSmethane; nitrous oxide; Arctic Ocean; stable carbon isotopesSURFACE-WATER; WINTER WATER; DEEP WATERS; CHUKCHI SEA; BERING-SEA; FOOD WEBS; MARINE; SHELF; DENITRIFICATION; PACIFICFenwick, L; Capelle, D; Damm, E; Zimmermann, S; Williams, WJ; Vagle, S; Tortell, PDFenwick, Lindsay; Capelle, David; Damm, Ellen; Zimmermann, Sarah; Williams, William J.; Vagle, Svein; Tortell, Philippe D.EnglishWe collected Arctic Ocean water column samples for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) analysis on three separate cruises in the summer and fall of 2015, covering a approximate to 10,000 km transect from the Bering Sea to Baffin Bay. This provided a three-dimensional view of CH4 and N2O distributions across contrasting hydrographic environments, from the oligotrophic waters of the deep Canada Basin and Baffin Bay, to the productive shelves of the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Percent saturation relative to atmospheric equilibrium ranged from 30 to 800% for CH4 and 75 to 145% for N2O, with the highest concentrations of both gases occurring in the northern Chukchi Sea. Nitrogen cycling in the shelf sediments of the Bering and Chukchi Seas likely constituted the major source of N2O to the water column, and the resulting high N2O concentrations were transported across the Arctic Ocean in eastward-flowing water masses. Methane concentrations were more spatially heterogeneous, reflecting a variety of localized inputs, including likely sources from sedimentary methanogenesis and sea ice processes. Unlike N2O, CH4 was rapidly consumed through microbial oxidation in the water column, as shown by the C-13 enrichment of CH4 with decreasing concentrations. For both CH4 and N2O, sea-air fluxes were close to neutral, indicating that our sampling region was neither a major source nor sink of these gases. Our results provide insight into the factors controlling the distribution of CH4 and N2O in the North American Arctic Ocean, and an important baseline data set against which future changes can be assessed.[Fenwick, Lindsay; Capelle, David; Tortell, Philippe D.] Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Damm, Ellen] Hemholtz Zentrum Polar & Meersforschung, Alfred Wegener Inst, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Zimmermann, Sarah; Williams, William J.; Vagle, Svein] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Tortell, Philippe D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Tortell, Philippe D.] Univ British Columbia, Peter Wall Inst Adv Studies, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia; University of British ColumbiaFenwick, L (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada.lfenwick@eos.ubc.caTortell, Philippe/0000-0003-0212-2151; Fenwick, Lindsay/0000-0003-1250-8787; Damm, Ellen/0000-0002-1487-1283Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences of Canada (NSERC); Peter Wall Institute for Advanced StudiesNatural Sciences and Engineering Sciences of Canada (NSERC); Peter Wall Institute for Advanced StudiesWe would like to acknowledge the efforts of the captains and crews of the CCGS Sir Wilfred Laurier, CCGS Louis St-Laurent and CCGS Amundsen. We also wish to thank the Lee Cooper for providing ammonium data from the Laurier cruise, and Jean-Eric Tremblay providing us with nutrient data from the Amundsen. Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Sciences of Canada (NSERC) through the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program (a fellowship to L.F.). P.T. was also supported by the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies. Data are accessible at: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.162259. We declare that we have no conflicts of interests associated with this work.883133<180 Day Usage Count>553AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansJAN20171221390412
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012493http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JC01249323OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyEM0GIGreen Submitted2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0003949964000240 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006070
Modeling the Recent Changes in the Arctic Ocean CO2 Sink (2006-2013)
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEA-ICE; UPTAKE CAPACITY; GREENLAND SEA; WIND-SPEED; FLUXES; SHELF; VARIABILITY; MARINE; IMPACTManizza, M; Menemenlis, D; Zhang, H; Miller, CEManizza, Manfredi; Menemenlis, Dimitris; Zhang, Hong; Miller, Charles E.EnglishThe Arctic Ocean (AO) and its associated marginal seas have recently experienced rapid climate and environmental changes, most notably sea-ice area (SIA) loss and warming potentially impacting its uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2). We used the state-of-the-art ECCO2-Darwin coupled ocean-biogeochemistry model to simulate the 2006-2013 period and investigate the impact of changing SIA on the CO2 uptake of the AO. We find that the mean annual CO2 sink of the AO is 153 +/- 14 TgC a(-1) and the CO2 sink decreased at a rate of 3.6 TgC a(-1) even though SIA decreased by 8 x 10(4) km(2) a(-1) over the same period. Extreme SIA loss in 2007 resulted in a 185.4 TgC CO2 sink, an increase similar to 20% over the 2006-2013 mean. In contrast, extreme SIA loss of 2012 resulted in a CO2 sink of the AO of only 146.3 TgC due to two main factors: (1) increased both wind speed and stratification in the Eastern Siberian Sea absorbing less CO2 and (2) decreased primary production and area of air-sea gas exchange in the Chukchi and Nordic Seas. Our model captures a trend of decreasing CO2 sink in most of the Chukchi Sea during fall but does not show the changes in winter CO2 sink in the Nordic and Barents Seas as previous independent studies have suggested. Our results indicate that future AO-atmosphere CO2 exchange will be determined by complex interplay of SIA and other environmental drivers. Plain Language Summary The seasonal process of melting and formation of sea-ice area (SIA) in the Arctic Ocean (AO) is a key factor to control the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the upper ocean. We used a numerical model to understand the potential consequences of two drastic events of SIA reduction in both 2007 and 2012. Our model simulations show that the biological and chemical responses of the AO were different when we compared 2007 versus 2012. In 2007, the severe reduction of SIA was followed by a large uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2 , as also expected from theory) due to the increase in ice-free area and to the enhanced photosynthetic activity. However, in 2012, the response was different due to several factors: (1) increased wind speed and decreased primary production in the Eastern Siberian Sea in the summer causing less CO2 uptake and (2) the increase in the SIA in the fall in the Chukchi sea and in the summer in the Nordic Seas (close to Greenland) inhibiting the air-sea gas CO2 exchange. All these processes, when combined together, yielded a reduced CO2 sink of the AO in 2012 when compared to 2007.[Manizza, Manfredi] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Menemenlis, Dimitris; Zhang, Hong; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USAUniversity of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)Manizza, M (corresponding author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.mmanizza@ucsd.eduNASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) Program; National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))We sincerely thank Holger Brix for sharing the latest version of the ECCO2-Darwin model code and Junjie Liu for generating the CO<INF>2</INF> atmospheric concentration used to compute air-sea CO<INF>2</INF> fluxes. We also thank the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Center for providing computing facilities and technical assistance. This work is a contribution to the Estimating the Circulation and the Climate of the Ocean project and was funded by the NASA Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (IDS) Program. A portion of the research presented in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Model output used for this study is publicly available at osf.io/9ymkt via Open Science Framework.682021<180 Day Usage Count>732AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleMAR2019333420438
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006070http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GB00607019Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHT6CK2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004646516000100 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119105119
Rapid seafloor changes associated with the degradation of Arctic submarine permafrost
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICApermafrost; Arctic; repeat mapping; pingos; thermokarstTHAW SLUMP ACTIVITY; BEAUFORT SEA; COASTAL-PLAIN; CANADA BASIN; ICE; SHELF; GAS; ORIGIN; PINGOS; LEVELPaull, CK; Dallimore, SR; Jin, YK; Caress, DW; Lundsten, E; Gwiazda, R; Anderson, K; Clarke, JH; Youngblut, S; Melling, HPaull, Charles K.; Dallimore, Scott R.; Jin, Young Keun; Caress, David W.; Lundsten, Eve; Gwiazda, Roberto; Anderson, Krystle; Clarke, John Hughes; Youngblut, Scott; Melling, HumfreyEnglishRepeated high-resolution bathymetric surveys of the shelf edge of the Canadian Beaufort Sea during 2-to 9-y-long survey intervals reveal rapid morphological changes. New steep-sided depressions up to 28 m in depth developed, and lateral retreat along scarp faces occurred at multiple sites. These morphological changes appeared between 120-m and 150-m water depth, near the maximum limit of the submerged glacial-age permafrost, and are attributed to permafrost thawing where ascending groundwater is concentrated along the relict permafrost boundary. The groundwater is produced by the regional thawing of the permafrost base due to the shift in the geothermal gradient as a result of the interglacial transgression of the shelf. In contrast, where groundwater discharge is reduced, sediments freeze at the ambient sea bottom temperature of similar to 21.4 degrees C. The consequent expansion of freezing sediment creates ice-cored topographic highs or pingos, which are particularly abundant adjacent to the discharge area.[Paull, Charles K.; Caress, David W.; Lundsten, Eve; Gwiazda, Roberto; Anderson, Krystle] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Sci Div, Moss Landing, CA 93039 USA; [Dallimore, Scott R.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada; [Jin, Young Keun] Korean Polar Res Inst, Dept Earth Sci, Incheon 21990, South Korea; [Clarke, John Hughes] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Youngblut, Scott] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canadian Hydrog Serv, Burlington, ON F7S 1A1, Canada; [Melling, Humfrey] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, CanadaMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaPaull, CK (corresponding author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Sci Div, Moss Landing, CA 93039 USA.paull@mbari.orgLundsten, Eve/0000-0001-8208-7426; Jin, Young Keun/0000-0003-3511-0464David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST Grant) [1525011795]; Geological Survey of Canada, Fisheries, and Oceans CanadaDavid and Lucile Packard Foundation(The David & Lucile Packard Foundation); Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST Grant); Geological Survey of Canada, Fisheries, and Oceans CanadaSupport was provided by David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Geological Survey of Canada, Fisheries, and Oceans Canada and the Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST Grant 1525011795).5211<180 Day Usage Count>27NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.MAR 22202211912
e2119105119
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119105119http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21191051198Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics0C7KO35286188hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0007754881000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.05.003
Regional distribution and variability of model-simulated Arctic snow on sea ice
ArticlePOLAR SCIENCEArctic Ocean; Snow; Sea ice; Modeling; Snow radar measurementsIN-SITU; THICKNESS RETRIEVAL; LASER ALTIMETRY; HEAT-BUDGET; DEPTH; RADAR; SENSITIVITY; FREEBOARD; CLIMATE; VOLUMECastro-Morales, K; Ricker, R; Gerdes, RCastro-Morales, Karel; Ricker, Robert; Gerdes, RuedigerEnglishNumerical models face the challenge of representing the present-day spatiotemporal distribution of snow on sea ice realistically. We present modeled Arctic-wide snow depths on sea ice (h(s)_(mod)) obtained with the MITgcm configured with a single snow layer that accumulates proportionally to the thickness of sea ice. When compared to snow depths derived from radar measurements (NASA Operation IceBridge, 2009-2013), the model snow depths are overestimated on first-year ice (2.5 +/- 8.1 cm) and multiyear ice (0.8 +/- 8.3 cm). The large variance between model and observations lies mainly in the limitations of the model snow scheme and the large uncertainties in the radar measurements. In a temporal analysis, during the peak of snowfall accumulation (April), h(s)_(mod) show a decline between 2000 and 2013 associated to long-term reduction of summer sea ice extent, surface melting and sublimation. With the aim of gaining knowledge on how to improve h(s)_(mod), we investigate the contribution of the explicitly modeled snow processes to the resulting h(s)_(mod). Our analysis reveals that this simple snow scheme offers a practical solution to general circulation models due to its ability to replicate robustly the distribution of the large-scale Arctic snow depths. However, benefit can be gained from the integration of explicit wind redistribution processes to potentially improve the model performance and to better understand the interaction between sources and sinks of contemporary Arctic snow. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. and NIPR. All rights reserved.[Castro-Morales, Karel; Ricker, Robert; Gerdes, Ruediger] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Climate Sci, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Castro-Morales, Karel] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat, Hans Knoll Str 10, Jena, Germany; [Gerdes, Ruediger] Jacobs Univ, Bremen, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Max Planck Society; Jacobs UniversityCastro-Morales, K (corresponding author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Integrat, Hans Knoll Str 10, Jena, Germany.kcastro@bgc-jena.mpg.deRicker, Robert/Z-4214-2019Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Castro-Morales, Karel/0000-0003-1245-3982European Commission through the project ArcRisk [FP7 GA226534]; European Commission through European Science Foundation; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the Joint Research Project ERANET EUROPOLAR-SATICE [03F0615A]; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) [50EE1008]European Commission through the project ArcRisk; European Commission through European Science Foundation; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the Joint Research Project ERANET EUROPOLAR-SATICE(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi)(Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi))This work was supported financially by the European Commission through the project ArcRisk (grant number FP7 GA226534) and the European Science Foundation and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the Joint Research Project ERANET EUROPOLAR-SATICE (grant number 03F0615A). The work of RR was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) (grant number 50EE1008).6589<180 Day Usage Count>27ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS1873-96521876-4428POLAR SCIPolar Sci.SEP2017133349
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.05.003http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2017.05.00317Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyFF1QE2023-03-13WOS:0004086732000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGarctic; MODIS; landfast ice extent; scale; topographic setting; storms; environmental processes; community; coastal erosionSEA-ICE; COASTAL EROSION; HERSCHEL ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNUAL CYCLE; BEAUFORT; PERMAFROST; TRENDS; PATTERNS; CARBONWratten, EE; Cooley, SW; Mann, PJ; Whalen, D; Fraser, P; Lim, MWratten, Eleanor E.; Cooley, Sarah W.; Mann, Paul J.; Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, Paul; Lim, MichaelEnglishLandfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and limited understanding of the environmental processes' controls since the beginning of the 21st century. We present a new high spatiotemporal record (2000-2019) across the Northwest Canadian Arctic, using MODIS Terra satellite imagery to determine maximum landfast ice extent (MLIE) at the start of each melt season. Average MLIE across the Northwest Canadian Arctic declined by 73% in a direct comparison between the first and last year of the study period, but this was highly variable across regional to community scales, ranging from 14% around North Banks Island to 81% in the Amundsen Gulf. The variability was largely a reflection of 5-8-year cycles between landfast ice rich and poor periods with no discernible trend in MLIE. Interannual variability over the 20-year record of MLIE extent was more constrained across open, relatively uniform, and shallower sloping coastlines such as West Banks Island, in contrast with a more varied pattern across the numerous bays, headlands, and straits enclosed within the deep Amundsen Gulf. Static physiographic controls (namely, topography and bathymetry) were found to influence MLIE change across regional sites, but no association was found with dynamic environmental controls (storm duration, mean air temperature, and freezing and thawing degree day occurrence). For example, despite an exponential increase in storm duration from 2014 to 2019 (from 30 h to 140 h or a 350% increase) across the Mackenzie Delta, MLIE extents remained relatively consistent. Mean air temperatures and freezing and thawing degree day occurrences (over 1, 3, and 12-month periods) also reflected progressive northwards warming influences over the last two decades, but none showed a statistically significant relationship with MLIE interannual variability. These results indicate inferences of landfast ice variations commonly taken from wider sea ice trends may misrepresent more complex and variable sensitivity to process controls. The influences of different physiographic coastal settings need to be considered at process level scales to adequately account for community impacts and decision making or coastal erosion exposure.[Wratten, Eleanor E.; Mann, Paul J.; Lim, Michael] Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England; [Cooley, Sarah W.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; [Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, Paul] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, CanadaNorthumbria University; University of Oregon; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaWratten, EE (corresponding author), Northumbria Univ, Fac Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England.eleanor.e.wratten@northumbria.ac.uk; scooley2@uoregon.edu; paul.mann@northumbria.ac.uk; dustin.whalen@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; paul.fraser@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca; michael.lim@northumbria.ac.ukMann, Paul/H-7268-2014Mann, Paul/0000-0002-6221-3533; Wratten, Eleanor/0000-0002-9672-7436; Lim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773; Cooley, Sarah/0000-0001-8953-6730Natural Environment Research Council [OP20241]Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This research was funded by Natural Environment Research Council, Grant Number: OP20241.8200<180 Day Usage Count>00MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.MAY2022149
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1409217518Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology1N5YNGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008007311000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105473
Potential exposure of beluga and bowhead whales to underwater noise from ship traffic in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas
ArticleOCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENTAcoustic disturbance; Acoustic propagation modeling; Behavioural disturbance threshold; Beluga; Bowhead; Noise footprintBALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MARINE MAMMALS; KILLER WHALES; WINTER MOVEMENTS; ORCINUS-ORCA; RESPONSES; CETACEANS; PATTERNS; VESSELS; RISKSHalliday, WD; Pine, MK; Citta, JJ; Harwood, L; Hauser, DDW; Hilliard, RC; Lea, EV; Loseto, LL; Quakenbush, L; Insley, SJHalliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Citta, John J.; Harwood, Lois; Hauser, Donna D. W.; Hilliard, R. Casey; Lea, Ellen V.; Loseto, Lisa L.; Quakenbush, Lori; Insley, Stephen J.EnglishSea ice loss associated with a changing climate is resulting in increased levels of ship traffic in the Arctic, which in turn is causing increased underwater noise levels and associated impacts on marine life. Estimating the possible, present levels of exposure of marine life to underwater noise is a crucial step in understanding and managing contemporary exposures and underwater noise levels, and will inform future planning actions and mitigation. In this study, we examined the overlap between modeled underwater noise from ship traffic from 2015 to 2017 and monthly utilization distributions of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) calculated from satellite telemetry data collected between 1995 and 2018 in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. We first modeled noise propagation from observed vessel traffic in the Pacific Arctic from Amundsen Gulf in the east to Bering Strait in the west. We modeled the propagation loss of underwater noise from different classes of vessels that were transiting the area, and then applied these values to actual ship tracks (derived from satellite automatic identification system data) to model monthly noise footprints between July and October in each year between 2015 and 2017. We overlaid the monthly noise footprints with monthly 50% utilization distributions for satellite-tagged eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales (1993?1997, 2004?2006) and Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort bowhead whales (2006?2018). Vessel traffic and its associated underwater noise were highest in all months in the southern Chukchi Sea near Bering Strait, particularly along the Russian and Alaskan coastlines. In comparison, traffic was lower in the western Canadian Arctic and in offshore areas; within the western Canadian Arctic, traffic was higher in August and September than in July and October. In July, low ship traffic resulted in low levels of overlap between modeled underwater noise and the utilization distributions for both whale species because the whales tend to use habitats in the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf. Conversely, in August through September, there was medium to high overlap between underwater noise and the distributions for both species as ship traffic increased in those months and the distribution of both species began shifting towards the Chukchi Sea. Both beluga and bowhead whales migrate through areas with the highest levels of traffic in the Pacific Arctic, and are potentially exposed to a high number of acoustic disturbance events in three national jurisdictions. Without proactive vessel management and effective mitigation measures, acoustic disturbance of whales is expected to increase, and eventually expand to more months of the year, as ship traffic continues to increase in step with increases in the length of the open water season.[Halliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Insley, Stephen J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Halliday, William D.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Citta, John J.; Quakenbush, Lori] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbank, AK 99701 USA; [Harwood, Lois] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 301-5204 50 Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada; [Hauser, Donna D. W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, 2160 N Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Hilliard, R. Casey] Dalhousie Univ, Inst Big Data Analyt, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Lea, Ellen V.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 1871, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, 66 Chancellors Cir, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Victoria; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Dalhousie University; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of ManitobaHalliday, WD (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.whalliday@wcs.orgHarwood, Lois/U-9143-2019Hauser, Donna/0000-0001-8236-7372; Halliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076X; Citta, John J./0000-0003-4710-0634; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821X; Lea, Ellen V./0000-0002-9617-2469; Hilliard, Richard/0000-0001-8895-7429Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Aklavik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Inuvik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Tuktoyaktuk; Inuvialuit Game Council; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Environmental Studies Research Fund; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Devon Canada; Minerals Management Service; National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Office of Naval Research; Vancouver Fraser Port Authority; JASCO Applied Sciences; Ocean Networks Canada; Government of Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Bureau of Ocean Energy ManagementInuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Aklavik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Inuvik; Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committee of Tuktoyaktuk; Inuvialuit Game Council; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Environmental Studies Research Fund; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Devon Canada; Minerals Management Service; National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Office of Naval Research(Office of Naval Research); Vancouver Fraser Port Authority; JASCO Applied Sciences; Ocean Networks Canada; Government of Canada(CGIAR); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Bureau of Ocean Energy ManagementWe are thankful to the many people, organizations, and funding agencies who were involved in the collection of satellite telemetry data for belugas and bowheads, and we note that participants, contributors and field crew are named in the relevant original publications identified in Table 1. P. Richard and J. Orr were instrumental in the tagging of EBS belugas. We thank the Inuvialuit Hunter and Trapper Committees of Aklavik, Inuvik, and Tuktoyaktuk for their support of beluga tagging efforts as well as the Inuvialuit Game Council for supporting this research. Funding for beluga tagging was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Environmental Studies Research Fund, Polar Continental Shelf Program, Devon Canada, Minerals Management Service, and National Marine Fisheries Service. Bowhead tagging would not have been possible without the expert support and dedication of the Indigenous subsistence whalers of Alaska (Utqia.gvik, Gambell, and Savoonga) and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (Tuktoyaktuk and Aklavik). We also thank the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission, the Whaling Captain's Associations of Utqia.gvik, Gambell, and Savoonga, and the Inuvialuit Hunter and Trappers Committees of Aklavik and Tuktoyaktuk. Special thanks are reserved for John Craig George, Billy Adams, Harry and Lewis Brower, James and Charles Pokiak, Mads Peter Heide-Jorgensen, and Mikkel Jensen. We once again acknowledge all agencies and field crews as previously specified in the initial publications listed in Table 1 for the bowhead tagging project years prior to 2012. We also gratefully acknowledge crews based out of Tuktoyaktuk in 2014 and 2017 for more recent data, including Raymond Ettagiak, Joseph Felix, Jr., Sammy Gruben Sr., James Keevik Sr., Gary Raddi Jr., Gary Raddi Sr., Derek Panaktalok, Charles Pokiak, and James Pokiak along with Mike Fleming (R/V Ukpik Captain), Outi Tervo (Greenland Institute of Natural Resources), Andrew Nichols (Yellowknife, NT), and Connie Blakeston, Deanna Leonard and Kathleen Snow (DFO). Funding for bowhead tagging was provided by the Minerals Management Service, now the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, with additional financial and logistical support from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to the Inuvialuit Game Council and Fisheries Joint Management Committee for supporting this project. Vessel source levels were provided by the ECHO program's Underwater Listening Station project, which was sponsored by Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, JASCO Applied Sciences, Ocean Networks Canada, and the Government of Canada. Satellite AIS data were provided by exactEarth Ltd. (2019), and processed courtesy of the MEOPAR (Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response) network. Funding for this project was provided by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation.771111<180 Day Usage Count>520ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0964-56911873-524XOCEAN COAST MANAGEOcean Coastal Manage.APR 152021204
105473
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105473http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.1054732021-03-01 00:00:0014Oceanography; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Oceanography; Water ResourcesRF5JBBronze2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0006348735000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.027
Potential impacts of shipping noise on marine mammals in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticleMARINE POLLUTION BULLETINCanadian Arctic; Bearded seal; Beluga whale; Bowhead whale; Ringed seal; Underwater noiseEASTERN BEAUFORT SEA; AMBIENT NOISE; BOWHEAD WHALES; ANTHROPOGENIC SOUND; BELUGA WHALES; INCREASES; MOVEMENTS; RESPONSES; VESSELHalliday, WD; Insley, SJ; Hilliard, RC; de Jong, T; Pine, MKHalliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; Hilliard, R. Casey; de Jong, Tyler; Pine, Matthew K.EnglishAs the Arctic warms and sea ice decreases, increased shipping will lead to higher ambient noise levels in the Arctic Ocean. Arctic marine mammals are vulnerable to increased noise because they use sound to survive and likely evolved in a relatively quiet soundscape. We model vessel noise propagation in the proposed western Canadian Arctic shipping corridor in order to examine impacts on marine mammals and marine protected areas (MPAs). Our model predicts that loud vessels are audible underwater when > 100 km away, could affect marine mammal behaviour when within 2 km for icebreakers vessels, and as far as 52 km for tankers. This vessel noise could have substantial impacts on marine mammals during migration and in MPAs. We suggest that locating the corridor farther north, use of marine mammal observers on vessels, and the reduction of vessel speed would help to reduce this impact.[Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; de Jong, Tyler; Pine, Matthew K.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; Pine, Matthew K.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Hilliard, R. Casey] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Inst Big Data Analyt, 6050 Univ Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Dalhousie UniversityInsley, SJ (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.sinsley@wcs.orgHalliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076X; Hilliard, Richard/0000-0001-8895-7429W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR [OC2-RC-UV]; World Wildlife FoundationW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR; World Wildlife FoundationOur project was funded by The W. Garfield Weston Foundation, the Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR (OC2-RC-UV), and the World Wildlife Foundation.434950<180 Day Usage Count>14118PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0025-326X1879-3363MAR POLLUT BULLMar. Pollut. Bull.OCT 1520171231-27382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.027http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.02710Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyFN1UL289189812023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0004157766000210 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072244
Satellite-observed drop of Arctic sea ice growth in winter 2015-2016
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic sea ice; sea ice thickness; remote sensing; CryoSat-2; SMOS; sea ice growthINTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LAPTEV SEA; THICKNESS; CRYOSAT-2; IMPACT; RETRIEVAL; GREENLAND; FREEBOARD; CYCLONE; VOLUMERicker, R; Hendricks, S; Girard-Ardhuin, F; Kaleschke, L; Lique, C; Tian-Kunze, X; Nicolaus, M; Krumpen, TRicker, Robert; Hendricks, Stefan; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny; Kaleschke, Lars; Lique, Camille; Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan; Nicolaus, Marcel; Krumpen, ThomasEnglishAn anomalous warm winter 2015-2016 lead to the lowest winter ice extent and highlights the sensitivity of the Arctic sea ice. Here we use the 6year record of an improved sea ice thickness product retrieved from data fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity radiometry measurements to examine the impact of recent temperature trend on the Arctic ice mass balance. Between November 2015 and March 2016, we find a consistent drop of cumulative freezing degree days across the Arctic, with a negative peak anomaly of about 1000 degree days in the Barents Sea, coinciding with an Arctic-wide average thinning of 10cm in March with respect to the 6year average. In particular, the loss of ice volume is associated with a significant decline of March first-year ice volume by 13%. This reveals that due to the loss of multiyear ice during previous years, the Arctic ice cover becomes more sensitive to climate anomalies.[Ricker, Robert; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny; Lique, Camille] Univ Brest, CNRS, LOPS, IRD,IUEM, Brest, France; [Hendricks, Stefan; Nicolaus, Marcel; Krumpen, Thomas] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Kaleschke, Lars; Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, GermanyCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ifremer; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM); Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of HamburgRicker, R (corresponding author), Univ Brest, CNRS, LOPS, IRD,IUEM, Brest, France.robert.ricker@ifremer.frNicolaus, Marcel/A-3658-2013; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/AAE-9430-2019; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011; Krumpen, Thomas/D-5163-2011; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/L-4153-2015; Ricker, Robert/Z-4214-2019; Lique, Camille/L-5543-2015Nicolaus, Marcel/0000-0003-0903-1746; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/0000-0001-7819-7665; Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146; Krumpen, Thomas/0000-0001-6234-8756; Girard-Ardhuin, Fanny/0000-0001-7819-7665; Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Lique, Camille/0000-0002-8357-4928; Kaleschke, Lars/0000-0001-7086-3299; Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan/0000-0001-8270-1924European Union (H2020) [640161]; European Space Agency project SMOS+ Sea Ice [4000101476/10/NL/CT, 4000112022/14/I-AM]; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE1008]European Union (H2020); European Space Agency project SMOS+ Sea Ice; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology(Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi))This work has been conducted in the framework of the European Space Agency project SMOS+ Sea Ice (contracts 4000101476/10/NL/CT and 4000112022/14/I-AM) and the project: Spaceborne observations for detecting and forecasting sea ice cover extremes (SPICES) funded by the European Union (H2020) (Grant: 640161). Moreover, this study is associated with the Deutsche Forschungsgemeintschaft (DFG EXC177) and the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Grant 50EE1008). CryoSat-2/SMOS data from 2010-2016 are provided by http://www.meereisportal.de (Grant REKLIM-2013-04).463435<180 Day Usage Count>327AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.APR 16201744732363245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072244http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL07224410Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyET3NQBronze, Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-13WOS:0004001865000310 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen GulfNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00016
Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)
ArticleFRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCEmicrozooplankon; 18S rRNA pyrosequencing; interannual variability; indicator species; Arctic ice lossSUBSURFACE CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL EUKARYOTES; EXTRACELLULAR DNA; WATER MASSES; TROPHIC ROLE; DISKO BAY; MICROZOOPLANKTON; DIVERSITYOnda, DFL; Medrinal, E; Comeau, AM; Thaler, M; Babin, M; Lovejoy, COnda, Deo F. L.; Medrinal, Emmanuelle; Comeau, Andre M.; Thaler, Mary; Babin, Marcel; Lovejoy, ConnieEnglishRecent studies have focused on how climate change could drive changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic. In contrast, ciliates and dinoflagellates that can contribute substantially to the mortality of phytoplankton have received less attention. Some dinoflagellate and ciliate species can also contribute to net photosynthesis, which suggests that species composition could reflect food web complexity. To identify potential seasonal and annual species occurrence patterns and to link species with environmental conditions, we first examined the seasonal pattern of microzooplankton and then performed an in-depth analysis of interannual species variability. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to identify ciliates and dinoflagellates to the lowest taxonomic level using a curated Arctic 18S rRNA gene database. DNA- and RNA-derived reads were generated from samples collected from the Canadian Arctic from November 2007 to July 2008. The proportion of ciliate reads increased in the surface toward summer, when salinity was lower and smaller phytoplankton prey were abundant, while chloroplastidic dinoflagellate species increased at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), where inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher. Comparing communities collected in summer and fall from 2003 to 2010, we found that microzooplankton community composition change was associated with the record ice minimum in the summer of 2007. Specifically, reads from smaller predatory species like Laboea, Monodinium, and Strombidium and several unclassified ciliates increased in the summer after 2007, while the other usually summer-dominant dinoflagellate taxa decreased. The ability to exploit smaller prey, which are predicted to dominate the future Arctic, could be an advantage for these smaller ciliates in the wake of the changing climate.[Onda, Deo F. L.; Medrinal, Emmanuelle; Comeau, Andre M.; Thaler, Mary; Babin, Marcel; Lovejoy, Connie] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Onda, Deo F. L.; Medrinal, Emmanuelle; Comeau, Andre M.; Thaler, Mary; Babin, Marcel; Lovejoy, Connie] Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Onda, Deo F. L.; Thaler, Mary; Babin, Marcel; Lovejoy, Connie] CNRS, Joint Int Lab, Takuvik, UMI 3376, Paris, France; [Onda, Deo F. L.; Thaler, Mary; Babin, Marcel; Lovejoy, Connie] Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Onda, Deo F. L.; Medrinal, Emmanuelle; Comeau, Andre M.; Thaler, Mary; Lovejoy, Connie] Univ Laval, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Comeau, Andre M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Ctr Comparat Genom & Evolutionary Bioinformat Int, Halifax, NS, CanadaLaval University; Laval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Laval University; Laval University; Dalhousie UniversityLovejoy, C (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Lovejoy, C (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Lovejoy, C (corresponding author), CNRS, Joint Int Lab, Takuvik, UMI 3376, Paris, FranConnie.Lovejoy@bio.ulaval.caLovejoy, Connie/A-3756-2008Lovejoy, Connie/0000-0001-8027-2281; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Network of Centers of Excellence ArcticNet; NSERC Discovery grants; ArcticNet funding; Uniyersite Laval; Canadian Excellence Research Chair Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier (CERC) grant; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologies (FRQNT); Compute CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Network of Centers of Excellence ArcticNet; NSERC Discovery grants(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ArcticNet funding; Uniyersite Laval; Canadian Excellence Research Chair Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier (CERC) grant; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologies (FRQNT); Compute CanadaThe seasonal data was collected during Circumpolar Flaw Lead International Polar Year (CFL-IPY) study supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Network of Centers of Excellence ArcticNet. NSERC Discovery grants and ArcticNet funding to CL facilitated completion of the study. DFLO received scholarships from Uniyersite Laval and the Canadian Excellence Research Chair Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier (CERC) grant, and additional support from the Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologies (FRQNT) to Quebec-Ocean aided in this research. We also acknowledge support from Compute Canada.1162325<180 Day Usage Count>412FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-7745FRONT MAR SCIFront. Mar. Sci.20174
16
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00016http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.0001614Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyVH8ZJgold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004576906000160 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00083
Seasonal and interannual variations in the propagation of photosynthetically available radiation through the Arctic atmosphere
ArticleELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENEArctic Ocean; Atmosphere; Surface; Clouds; Sea ice; Photosynthetically available radiationICE ALGAE BIOMASS; SEA-ICE; SOLAR-RADIATION; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHUKCHI SEA; SURFACE; CLOUD; ALBEDO; PARAMETERIZATIONLaliberte, J; Belanger, S; Babin, MLaliberte, J.; Belanger, S.; Babin, M.EnglishThe Arctic atmosphere-surface system transmits visible light from the Sun to the ocean, determining the annual cycle of light available to microalgae. This light is referred to as photosynthetically available radiation (PAR). A known consequence of Arctic warming is the change at the atmosphere-ocean interface (longer icefree season, younger ice), implying an increase in the percentage of PAR being transferred to the water. However, much less is known about the recent changes in how much PAR is being transferred by the overlaying atmosphere. We studied the transfer of PAR through the atmosphere between May 21 and July 23 at a pan-Arctic scale for the period ranging from 2000 to 2016. By combining a large data set of atmospheric and surface conditions into a radiative transfer model, we computed the percentage of PAR transferred to the surface. We found that typical Arctic atmospheres convey between 60% and 70% of the incident PAR received from the Sun, meaning the Arctic atmosphere typically transmits more light than most sea ice surfaces, with the exception of mature melt ponds. We also found that the transfer of PAR through the atmosphere decreased at a rate of 2.3% per decade over the studied period, due to the increase in cloudiness and the weaker radiative interaction between the atmosphere and the surface. Further investigation is required to address how, in the warmer Arctic climate, this negative trend would compensate for the increased surface transmittance and its consequences on marine productivity.[Laliberte, J.; Babin, M.] Univ Laval, Takuvik Int Res Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Laliberte, J.; Babin, M.] CNRS, Paris, France; [Laliberte, J.; Babin, M.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Belanger, S.] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Grp BOREAS & Quebec Ocean, Rimouski, PQ, CanadaLaval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laval University; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a RimouskiLaliberte, J (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Takuvik Int Res Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Laliberte, J (corresponding author), CNRS, Paris, France.;Laliberte, J (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.julien.laliberte@gmail.comBabin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253FRQNT; CREATE program (NSERC); NSERC [RGPIN-2019-06070, 05175-2014]; Canadian Excellence Research Chair on Remote Sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontier; Canadian Space Agency GreenEdge project; CNES GreenEdge project [131425]; Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR, Observation core in remote sensing project [1-02-01-064.5]FRQNT; CREATE program (NSERC); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Excellence Research Chair on Remote Sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontier; Canadian Space Agency GreenEdge project; CNES GreenEdge project; Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR, Observation core in remote sensing projectJulien Laliberte was funded by the FRQNT and the CREATE program (NSERC). Simon Belanger was funded by NSERC (RGPIN-2019-06070). Marcel Babin was funded by NSERC (05175-2014). This work was funded by the Canadian Excellence Research Chair on Remote Sensing of Canada's new Arctic frontier, the Canadian Space Agency GreenEdge project, the CNES GreenEdge project (131425), and the Network of Centres of Excellence MEOPAR, Observation core in remote sensing project (1-02-01-064.5).8222<180 Day Usage Count>16UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESSOAKLAND155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA2325-1026ELEMENTA-SCI ANTHROPElementa-Sci. Anthrop.JUL 16202191
http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00083http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.0008317Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesTT8CUGreen Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0006805718000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, Sachs HarbourNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0021
Seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of marine mammals near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEclimate change; conservation; passive acoustic monitoring; sea iceSEALS ERIGNATHUS-BARBATUS; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; ARCTIC BELUGA WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA; BOWHEAD WHALES; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; WINTER DISTRIBUTION; RINGED SEALS; STRAIT AREA; CHUKCHI SEAHalliday, WD; Insley, SJ; de Jong, T; Mouy, XHalliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; de Jong, Tyler; Mouy, XavierEnglishThe Arctic is changing rapidly, leading to changes in habitat availability and increased anthropogenic disturbance. Information on the distribution of animals is needed as these changes occur. We examine seasonal presence of marine mammals in the western Canadian Arctic near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, using passive acoustic monitoring between 2015 and 2016. We also examined the influence of environmental variables (ice concentration and distance, wind speed) on the presence of these species. Both bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) arrived in late April, and belugas departed in mid-August, while bowheads departed in late October. Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations began in October, peaked from April through June, and stopped in early July. Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) vocalized occasionally in all months, but were generally quiet. Whales migrated in as the ice broke up and migrated out before ice formed in the autumn. Bearded seals started vocalizing as ice formed and stopped once ice was almost gone. Given the importance of sea ice to the timing of migration of whales and vocalization by bearded seals, the trends that we present here may change in the future due to the increasing ice-free season caused by climate change. Our study therefore serves as a baseline with which to monitor future change.[Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; de Jong, Tyler] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Mouy, Xavier] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Mouy, Xavier] JASCO Appl Sci Ltd, 2305-4464 Markham St, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of VictoriaInsley, SJ (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.;Insley, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.sinsley@wcs.orgW. Garfield Weston Foundation; MEOPAR; WWF CanadaW. Garfield Weston Foundation; MEOPAR; WWF CanadaWe are grateful to the people of Sachs Harbour, particularly the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee, Wayne Gully, Betty Hoagak, Terrence Lennie, Joe Kudak, and Jeff Kuptana as well as the Captain and crew of the HMCS Saskatoon and the Royal Canadian Navy Fleet Dive Unit Pacific, who assisted with deploying and recovering our acoustic recorders during 2015. We are also grateful to Chris Spagnoli for his help examining the data and Matt Pine for his help in constructing spectrograms. Funding for this research was provided by The W. Garfield Weston Foundation (S.J.I., T.d.J., and W.D.H.), MEOPAR (S.J.I.), and WWF Canada (S.J.I.).661111<180 Day Usage Count>414CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP201843SI259278
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0021http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-002120Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsGT2AGgold, Green Submitted, Green Accepted2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0004442801000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, Sachs HarbourNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4662
Seasonal Patterns in Ocean Ambient Noise near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTICmarine acoustic environment; marine acoustic habitat; marine soundscape; passive acoustic monitoring; ambient noise; noise impactWHALES ORCINUS-ORCA; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; MARINE MAMMALS; BEAUFORT SEA; CHUKCHI SEA; IMPACT; INCREASES; SPACE; SOUNDInsley, SJ; Halliday, WD; de Jong, TInsley, Stephen J.; Halliday, William D.; de Jong, TylerEnglishOcean ambient noise is a crucial habitat feature for marine animals because it represents the lower threshold of their acoustically active space. Ambient noise is affected by noise from both natural sources, like wind and ice, and anthropogenic sources, such as shipping and seismic surveys. During the ice-covered season, ambient conditions in the Arctic are quieter than those in other regions because sea ice has a dampening effect. Arctic warming induced by climate change can raise noise levels by reducing sea ice coverage and increasing human activity, and these changes may negatively affect several species of marine mammals and other acoustically sensitive marine fauna. We document ambient noise off the west coast of Banks Island near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, to provide baseline noise levels for the eastern Beaufort Sea. Noise levels were comparable to those found in other studies of the Canadian Arctic and Alaska and were typically much lower than levels reported farther south. Stronger wind increased noise, whereas greater ice concentration decreased it, dampening the effect of wind speed. Future work should expand monitoring to other locations in the Arctic, model the impact of increased human activities on ambient noise levels, and predict the impact of these changing levels on marine animals.[Insley, Stephen J.; Halliday, William D.; de Jong, Tyler] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Insley, Stephen J.; Halliday, William D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaInsley, SJ (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.;Insley, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.sinsley@wcs.orgde Jong, Tyler/0000-0003-0902-2778; Halliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076XW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network of Canada's Networks of Centres of Excellence Program; World Wildlife Fund for NatureW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network of Canada's Networks of Centres of Excellence Program; World Wildlife Fund for NatureWe are grateful to the people of Sachs Harbour, particularly the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee, Wayne Gully, Betty Hoagak, Terrence Lennie, Joe Kudak, and Jeff Kuptana, as well as the Captain and crew of the HMCS Saskatoon and the Royal Canadian Navy Fleet Dive Unit Pacific, who assisted with deploying and recovering our acoustic data loggers. We are also grateful to Harald Yurk and Xavier Mouy for their assistance with the acoustic analyses. Our project was funded by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, the Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network of Canada's Networks of Centres of Excellence Program, and the World Wildlife Fund for Nature.542324<180 Day Usage Count>331ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticSEP2017703239248
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4662http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic466210Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyFG9UMGreen Submitted, hybrid2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0004107853000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006456
Spatiotemporal Variability in Modeled Bottom Ice and Sea Surface Dimethylsulfide Concentrations and Fluxes in the Arctic During 1979-2015
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESsea ice biogeochemistry; Arctic Ocean; dimethylsulfide emission; ice algae; numerical model simulationCHLOROPHYLL-A; BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL; SNOW DEPTH; OCEAN; DMS; PHYTOPLANKTON; AEROSOLS; SULFIDE; CARBON; LIGHTHayashida, H; Carnat, G; Gali, M; Monahan, AH; Mortenson, E; Sou, T; Steiner, NSHayashida, Hakase; Carnat, Gauthier; Gali, Marti; Monahan, Adam H.; Mortenson, Eric; Sou, Tessa; Steiner, Nadja S.EnglishField observations suggest that oceanic emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) may play a dominant role in the production of Arctic aerosols and clouds and therefore modulate the surface irradiance, during spring and summer. DMS is produced not only in the water column but also in various sea ice habitats. The ongoing recession of Arctic sea ice is expected to enhance DMS emissions, but the magnitude of this increase is highly uncertain. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal variability in bottom ice and sea surface DMS concentrations and fluxes using a regional sea ice-ocean physical-biogeochemical model. Model results indicate that the observed accelerated decline of Arctic sea ice extent since the beginning of the 21st century is associated with upward trends in May-August pan-Arctic-averaged sea surface DMS concentration and sea-to-air DMS flux. On the other hand, strong interannual variability and statistically insignificant trends are found for bottom ice DMS concentration and ice-to-sea DMS flux, owing to the counteracting effects of the shrinking horizontal extent and the vertical thinning of sea ice on ice algal production. The pan-Arctic DMS climatology products based on model simulation and satellite algorithms provide dynamically based spatial details that are absent in the in situ measurement-based climatology due to limited spatiotemporal data coverage and inevitable extrapolation bias. Lastly, model results indicate that the bottom ice DMS and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate production can be the only local source of oceanic DMS emissions into the atmosphere during May prior to pelagic blooms, suggesting that it may be a key component of the biological control on Arctic climate at that time.[Hayashida, Hakase; Monahan, Adam H.; Mortenson, Eric] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Hayashida, Hakase] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Carnat, Gauthier] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Glaciol, Brussels, Belgium; [Gali, Marti] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain; [Mortenson, Eric] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Spain; [Sou, Tessa; Steiner, Nadja S.] Inst Ocean Sci Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Tasmania; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Barcelona Supercomputer Center (BSC-CNS); Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHayashida, H (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.;Hayashida, H (corresponding author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia.hakase.hayashida@utas.edu.auHayashida, Hakase/AAY-4151-2020; Galí, Martí/L-1541-2013Hayashida, Hakase/0000-0002-6349-4947; Galí, Martí/0000-0002-5587-1271; Steiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437NETCARE; ArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans' Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP); WestGrid; Compute CanadaNETCARE; ArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans' Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP); WestGrid; Compute CanadaWe thank James R. Christian for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The present study contributes to the SCOR Working group on Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea Ice Interfaces (BEPSII), the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments (NETCARE), and ArcticNet. We acknowledge funding from NETCARE and ArcticNet. N. S. acknowledges support from Fisheries and Oceans and Environment and Climate Change Canada. T. S. acknowledges support through Fisheries and Oceans' Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP). This research was enabled in part by support provided by WestGrid and Compute Canada. We are grateful to Belaid Moa for computational support.7966<180 Day Usage Count>1030AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleOCT20203410
e2019GB006456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006456http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GB00645621Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesON2YCGreen Accepted, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005865721000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022
Strong increase in thawing of subsea permafrost in the 22nd century caused by anthropogenic climate change
ArticleCRYOSPHERESTABILITY ZONE; CARBON; MODEL; HEAT; EMISSIONS; CO2; DIFFUSION; STATE; CYCLEWilkenskjeld, S; Miesner, F; Overduin, PP; Puglini, M; Brovkin, VWilkenskjeld, Stiig; Miesner, Frederieke; Overduin, Paul P.; Puglini, Matteo; Brovkin, VictorEnglishMost earth system models (ESMs) neglect climate feedbacks arising from carbon release from thawing permafrost, especially from thawing of subsea permafrost (SSPF). To assess the fate of SSPF in the next 1000 years, we implemented SSPF into JSBACH, the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). This is the first implementation of SSPF processes in an ESM component. We investigate three extended scenarios from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In the 21st century only small differences are found among the scenarios, but in the upper-end emission scenario SSP5-8.5 (shared socio-economic pathway), especially in the 22nd century, SSPF ice melting is more than 15 times faster than in the pre-industrial period. In this scenario about 35 % of total SSPF volume and 34 % of SSPF area are lost by the year 3000 due to climatic changes. In the more moderate scenarios, the melting rate maximally exceeds that of pre-industrial times by a factor of 4, and the climate change induced SSPF loss (volume and area) by the year 3000 does not exceed 14 %. Our results suggest that the rate of melting of SSPF ice is related to the length of the local open-water season and thus that the easily observable sea ice concentration may be used as a proxy for the change in SSPF.[Wilkenskjeld, Stiig; Puglini, Matteo; Brovkin, Victor] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany; [Miesner, Frederieke; Overduin, Paul P.] Helmholz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Brovkin, Victor] Univ Hamburg, CEN, Hamburg, Germany; [Puglini, Matteo] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumMax Planck Society; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Hamburg; Universite Libre de BruxellesWilkenskjeld, S (corresponding author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.stiig.wilkenskjeld@mpimet.mpg.deBrovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Overduin, Paul P/B-3258-2017Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Overduin, Paul P/0000-0001-9849-4712Horizon 2020 (Nunataryuk) [773421]; CRESCENDO [641816]; German Research Foundation through the CLICCS Clusters of Excellence [DFG EXC 2037]Horizon 2020 (Nunataryuk); CRESCENDO(European Commission); German Research Foundation through the CLICCS Clusters of ExcellenceThis research has been supported by Horizon 2020 (Nunataryuk (grant no. 773421)) and CRESCENDO (grant no. 641816), as well as by the German Research Foundation through the CLICCS Clusters of Excellence (grant no. DFG EXC 2037).4511<180 Day Usage Count>36COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereMAR 28202216310571069
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-202213Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology0J9JFGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0007804137000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, communities along the Northwest PassageNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4698
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Ship Traffic in the Canadian Arctic from 1990 to 2015
ArticleARCTICArctic; marine transportation; shipping trends; climate change; Canada; GIS; Northwest PassageSEA-ICE; CRUISE TOURISM; VARIABILITY; WATERSDawson, J; Pizzolato, L; Howell, SEL; Copland, L; Johnston, MEDawson, Jackie; Pizzolato, Larissa; Howell, Stephen E. L.; Copland, Luke; Johnston, Margaret E.EnglishThe limited availability of consistent, longitudinal data sources for marine traffic in Arctic Canada has presented significant challenges for researchers, policy makers, and planners. Temporally and spatially accurate shipping data that reveal historical and current traffic trends are vital to plan safe shipping corridors, develop infrastructure, plan and manage protected areas, and understand the potential environmental and cultural impacts of change, as well as for sovereignty and safety considerations. This study uses a recently developed geospatial database of ship traffic to provide the first synthesized overview of the spatial and temporal variability of different vessel types in Arctic Canada during the 26-year period from 1990 to 2015. This examination shows that, overall, the distance traveled by ships in Arctic Canada nearly tripled (from 364 179 km in 1990 to 918 266 km in 2015), that the largest proportion of ship traffic in the region is from general cargo vessels and government icebreakers (including research ships), and that the fastest growing vessel type by far is pleasure craft (private yachts). Spatial shifts in vessel activity over the last quarter century have favoured areas with active mine sites, as well as the southern route of the Northwest Passage. As a result, some communities, including Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Pond Inlet, and Cambridge Bay, are experiencing greater increases in ship traffic.[Dawson, Jackie; Copland, Luke] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, 60 Univ Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Pizzolato, Larissa; Howell, Stephen E. L.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; [Johnston, Margaret E.] Lakehead Univ, Sch Outdoor Recreat Pk & Tourism, 954 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Lakehead UniversityDawson, J (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, 60 Univ Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.jackie.dawson@uottawa.caPizzolato, Larissa/AAP-2646-2021Pizzolato, Larissa/0000-0001-5471-2597; Dawson, Jackie/0000-0002-3532-2742; Copland, Luke/0000-0001-5374-2145Transport Canada; MEOPAR; Irving Shipbuilding, Inc.; Canada Research Chairs Program; Olivia MussellsTransport Canada; MEOPAR; Irving Shipbuilding, Inc.; Canada Research Chairs Program(Canada Research Chairs); Olivia MussellsWe gratefully acknowledge funding and data support for this study from Transport Canada, MEOPAR, Irving Shipbuilding, Inc., the Canada Research Chairs Program, and Olivia Mussells.4496100<180 Day Usage Count>327ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticMAR20187111526
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4698http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic469812Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyHR1TOhybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004629184000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Mackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14832
Temporal and spatial trends in marine carbon isotopes in the Arctic Ocean and implications for food web studies
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYbase of the food web; dissolved inorganic carbon; isoscape; marine mammals; particulate organic matter; sea ice decline; Suess effect; delta C-13PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; BERING-SEA; FATTY-ACID; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; STABLE CARBON; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; COASTAL EROSION; MACKENZIE RIVER; CANADA BASIN; WATERde la Vega, C; Jeffreys, RM; Tuerena, R; Ganeshram, R; Mahaffey, Cde la Vega, Camille; Jeffreys, Rachel M.; Tuerena, Robyn; Ganeshram, Raja; Mahaffey, ClaireEnglishThe Arctic is undergoing unprecedented environmental change. Rapid warming, decline in sea ice extent, increase in riverine input, ocean acidification and changes in primary productivity are creating a crucible for multiple concurrent environmental stressors, with unknown consequences for the entire arctic ecosystem. Here, we synthesized 30 years of data on the stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) signatures in dissolved inorganic carbon (delta C-13-DIC; 1977-2014), marine and riverine particulate organic carbon (delta C-13-POC; 1986-2013) and tissues of marine mammals in the Arctic. delta C-13 values in consumers can change as a result of environmentally driven variation in the delta C-13 values at the base of the food web or alteration in the trophic structure, thus providing a method to assess the sensitivity of food webs to environmental change. Our synthesis reveals a spatially heterogeneous and temporally evolving delta C-13 baseline, with spatial gradients in the delta C-13-POC values between arctic shelves and arctic basins likely driven by differences in productivity and riverine and coastal influence. We report a decline in delta C-13-DIC values (-0.011 parts per thousand per year) in the Arctic, reflecting increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Arctic Ocean (i.e. Suess effect), which is larger than predicted. The larger decline in delta C-13-POC values and delta C-13 in arctic marine mammals reflects the anthropogenic CO2 signal as well as the influence of a changing arctic environment. Combining the influence of changing sea ice conditions and isotopic fractionation by phytoplankton, we explain the decadal decline in delta C-13-POC values in the Arctic Ocean and partially explain the delta C-13 values in marine mammals with consideration of time-varying integration of delta C-13 values. The response of the arctic ecosystem to ongoing environmental change is stronger than we would predict theoretically, which has tremendous implications for the study of food webs in the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.[de la Vega, Camille; Jeffreys, Rachel M.; Mahaffey, Claire] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England; [Tuerena, Robyn; Ganeshram, Raja] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandUniversity of Liverpool; University of Edinburghde la Vega, C (corresponding author), Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3GP, Merseyside, England.Camille.De-La-Vega@liverpool.ac.ukde la Vega, Camille/0000-0002-7302-7306UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/P006035/1, NE/P006310/1]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [NE/P006035/1, NE/P006310/1]; NERC [NE/P006310/1, NE/P006035/1] Funding Source: UKRIUKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This work resulted from the ARISE project (NE/P006035/1 and NE/P006310/1), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). We declare that none of the authors has any competing financial and/or non-financial interests in relation to the work described.1153737<180 Day Usage Count>757WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.DEC2019251241164130
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14832http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.148322019-10-01 00:00:0015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyJK2QO31498935Green Published, hybrid2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004895804000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02665-8
The coastal Arctic marine soundscape near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticlePOLAR BIOLOGYAmbient sound levels; Anthrophony; Biophony; Geophony; Passive acoustic monitoring; Underwater noiseCOD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; UNDERWATER AMBIENT NOISE; SEA-ICE; ACOUSTIC DETECTIONS; SEASONAL PATTERNS; SACHS HARBOR; CHUKCHI SEA; VOCALIZATIONS; MAMMALS; OCEANHalliday, WD; Pine, MK; Mouy, X; Kortsalo, P; Hilliard, RC; Insley, SJHalliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Mouy, Xavier; Kortsalo, Piia; Hilliard, R. Casey; Insley, Stephen J.EnglishThe soundscape is an important habitat feature for marine animals, and climate change may cause large changes to the Arctic marine soundscape through sea ice loss and increased anthropogenic activity. We examined the marine soundscape over eight months near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada, and assessed the relative contribution of the geophony (wind and wave sounds), biophony (marine mammal and fish sounds), and anthrophony (noise from vessel traffic). Sound pressure levels (SPL) were significantly higher during the summer than during the autumn and winter, and these differences were caused by increased wind/waves and vessel traffic in the summer. Increased wind speed drove increased SPL, while increased ice concentration resulted in decreased SPL. When vessel traffic was closer, SPL was higher. Marine mammal and fish vocalizations did not influence SPL; however, timing of vocalizations of both whales and seals matched seasonal patterns shown in other studies within the region. Overall, the marine soundscape near Ulukhaktok varied greatly through time and may be prone to large changes in the future as the ice-free season continues to lengthen and more vessels travel through the region.[Halliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Kortsalo, Piia; Insley, Stephen J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Mouy, Xavier] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Mouy, Xavier] Jasco Appl Sci Ltd, 2305-4464 Markham St, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada; [Hilliard, R. Casey] Dalhousie Univ, Inst Big Data Analyt, Dept Comp Sci, 6050 Univ Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Victoria; Dalhousie UniversityHalliday, WD (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.;Halliday, WD (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.whalliday@wcs.orgW. Garfield Weston Foundation; MitacsW. Garfield Weston Foundation; MitacsWe are grateful to the people of Ulukhaktok for working with us, especially A. Kudlak for his assistance deploying and retrieving the acoustic recorder, and to the Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee and the Inuvialuit Game Council for permission to conduct this research, under the authority of Aurora Research Institute Scientific Research Licence #15996. We are grateful to the three reviewers of this manuscript, M. Fournet, S. Haver, and S. Van Parijs, for thorough and thoughtful comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation (WDH, PK, and SJI) and Mitacs (MKP). Satellite AIS data utilized were collected by exactEarth Ltd. (2019), and made available jointly with the MEOPAR National Centre of Excellence.641414<180 Day Usage Count>222SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0722-40601432-2056POLAR BIOLPolar Biol.JUN2020436623636
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02665-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02665-82020-04-01 00:00:0014Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyLS2YD2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0005262405000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelagoNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085116
The Dynamic Response of Sea Ice to Warming in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSOCEAN; VARIABILITY; THICKNESS; STRAIT; MOTION; TRENDS; EXPORTHowell, SEL; Brady, MHowell, Stephen E. L.; Brady, MikeEnglishIce arches in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) block the inflow of Arctic Ocean ice for the majority of the year. A 22 year record (1997-2018) of Arctic Ocean-CAA ice exchange was used to investigate the effect of warming on CAA sea ice dynamics. Larger ice area flux values were associated with longer flow duration and faster ice speed facilitated by increased open water leeway from the CAA's transition to a younger and thinner ice regime, which together have contributed to a significant ice area flux increase (10(3) km(2)/year) from Arctic Ocean into the northern CAA from 1997 to 2018. Remarkably, the 2016 Arctic Ocean ice area flux into the CAA (161 x 10(3) km(2)) was 7 times greater than the 1997-2018 average (23 x 10(3) km(2)) and almost double the 2007 ice area flux into Nares Strait (87 x 10(3) km(2)). Continued warming may result in the CAA becoming a larger outlet for Arctic Ocean ice area loss. Plan Language Summary Satellite observations are used to understand the effect of warmer temperatures on how much sea ice is transferred between the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and the Arctic Ocean. Larger sea ice area flux values are associated with (i) longer flow duration, (ii) faster moving ice, and (iii) more open water leeway from the CAA's long-term transition to a younger and thinner ice regime. These factors have contributed to a significant increase in the amount of sea ice entering the northern regions of the CAA from 1997 to 2018. Remarkably, the amount of Arctic Ocean ice entering the CAA in 2016 was 7 times larger the 1997-2018 average and almost double that of the amount of ice transported through Nares Strait in 2007. Overall, with continued warming the CAA could be larger pathway for the loss of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean.[Howell, Stephen E. L.; Brady, Mike] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change CanadaHowell, SEL (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.stephen.howell@canada.caBrady, Mike/0000-0001-8263-0951321213<180 Day Usage Count>27AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.NOV 28201946221311913125
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085116http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL0851167Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyKA6ANhybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005058796000510 YIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104178
The opening of the Transpolar Sea Route: Logistical, geopolitical, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts
ArticleMARINE POLICYSHIPPING ROUTES; ICE THICKNESS; VARIABILITY; CHINA; OCEAN; RUSSIA; EMISSIONS; LOCATION; SVALBARD; VESSELSBennett, MM; Stephenson, SR; Yang, K; Bravo, MT; De Jonghe, BBennett, Mia M.; Stephenson, Scott R.; Yang, Kang; Bravo, Michael T.; De Jonghe, BertEnglishWith current scientific models forecasting an ice-free Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) in summer by mid-century and potentially earlier, a direct shipping route via the North Pole connecting markets in Asia, North America, and Europe may soon open. The Transpolar Sea Route (TSR) would represent a third Arctic shipping route in addition to the Northern Sea Route and Northwest Passage. In response to the continued decline of sea ice thickness and extent and growing recognition within the Arctic and global governance communities of the need to anticipate and regulate commercial activities in the CAO, this paper examines: (i) the latest estimates of the TSR's opening; (ii) scenarios for its commercial and logistical development, addressing the various transportation systems that could evolve; (iii) the geopolitics of the TSR, focusing on international and national regulations and the roles of Russia, a historic power in the Arctic, and China, an emerging one; and (iv) the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of transpolar shipping for local and Indigenous residents of communities along the TSR's entrances. Our analysis seeks to inform national and international policymaking with regard to the TSR because although climate change is proceeding rapidly, within typical policymaking timescales, there is still time to prepare for the emergence of the new Arctic shipping corridor.[Bennett, Mia M.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Room 8-09,Jockey Club Tower,Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Bennett, Mia M.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Modern Languages & Cultures, China Studies Programme, Room 8-09,Jockey Club Tower,Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Stephenson, Scott R.] RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA; [Yang, Kang] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; [Yang, Kang] Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Geog Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; [Yang, Kang] Nanjing Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr South Sea Studies, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China; [Bravo, Michael T.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge, England; [De Jonghe, Bert] Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Design, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAUniversity of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; RAND Corporation; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; University of Cambridge; Harvard UniversityBennett, MM (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Room 8-09,Jockey Club Tower,Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Bennett, MM (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Modern Languages & Cultures, China Studies Programme, Room 8-09,Jockey Club Tower,Centennial Campus, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.mbennett@hku.hk; sstephen@rand.org; kangyang@nju.edu.cn; mb124@cam.ac.uk; bertdejonghe@gsd.harvard.eduSino-British Fellowship Trust; Doris Zimmern HKU-Cambridge Hughes Hall Fellowship; Harvard Graduate School of Design; China's National Key RD Program [2018YFC1406101]Sino-British Fellowship Trust; Doris Zimmern HKU-Cambridge Hughes Hall Fellowship; Harvard Graduate School of Design; China's National Key RD ProgramThis research was funded by the Sino-British Fellowship Trust and the Doris Zimmern HKU-Cambridge Hughes Hall Fellowship (Mia M. Bennett); the Harvard Graduate School of Design and the MDes Research and Development and Award (Bert De Jonghe); and China's National Key R&D Program (2018YFC1406101) (Kang Yang).1462020<180 Day Usage Count>1029ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0308-597X1872-9460MAR POLICYMar. Pol.NOV2020121
104178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104178http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.10417815Environmental Studies; International RelationsSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International RelationsPA8IE2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0005958723000180 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1335-2018
Towards an assessment of riverine dissolved organic carbon in surface waters of the western Arctic Ocean based on remote sensing and biogeochemical modeling
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESBEAUFORT SEA; MACKENZIE RIVER; FRESH-WATER; MATTER; SHELF; ICE; ECOSYSTEM; COLOR; PERMAFROST; ALGORITHMLe Fouest, V; Matsuoka, A; Manizza, M; Shernetsky, M; Tremblay, B; Babin, MLe Fouest, Vincent; Matsuoka, Atsushi; Manizza, Manfredi; Shernetsky, Mona; Tremblay, Bruno; Babin, MarcelEnglishFuture climate warming of the Arctic could potentially enhance the load of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) of Arctic rivers due to increased carbon mobilization within watersheds. A greater flux of tDOC might impact the biogeochemical processes of the coastal Arctic Ocean (AO) and ultimately its capacity to absorb atmospheric CO2. In this study, we show that sea-surface tDOC concentrations simulated by a physical-biogeochemical coupled model in the Canadian Beaufort Sea for 2003-2011 compare favorably with estimates retrieved by satellite imagery. Our results suggest that, over spring-summer, tDOC of riverine origin contributes to 35% of primary production and that an equivalent of similar to 10% of tDOC is exported westwards with the potential of fueling the biological production of the eastern Alaskan nearshore waters. The combination of model and satellite data provides promising results to extend this work to the entire AO so as to quantify, in conjunction with in situ data, the expected changes in tDOC fluxes and their potential impact on the AO biogeochemistry at basin scale.[Le Fouest, Vincent; Shernetsky, Mona] Univ La Rochelle, Littoral Environm & Soc, UMR 7266, La Rochelle, France; [Matsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel] Univ Laval, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Matsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel] CNRS, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Manizza, Manfredi] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Tremblay, Bruno] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A OB9, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); La Rochelle Universite; Laval University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; McGill UniversityLe Fouest, V (corresponding author), Univ La Rochelle, Littoral Environm & Soc, UMR 7266, La Rochelle, France.vincent.le_fouest@univ-lr.frLe Fouest, Vincent/B-8147-2019Le Fouest, Vincent/0000-0003-4295-9714; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253; Matsuoka, Atsushi/0000-0002-6327-9948Centre national d'etudes spatiales (CNES) [131425-BC T23]; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GCOM-C [16RSTK-007867]Centre national d'etudes spatiales (CNES)(Centre National D'etudes Spatiales); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GCOM-CThis research was funded by the Centre national d'etudes spatiales (CNES) grant no. 131425-BC T23 to VLF and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) GCOM-C project through grant no. 16RSTK-007867 to Atsushi Matsuoka. We are thankful for the joint contribution of the research programs of UMI Takuvik (CNRS & Universite Laval), ArcticNet (Network Centres of Excellence of Canada), and the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier (MB). We thank Dimitris Menemenlis and the Estimation of Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) group from MIT for providing the physical model we used in this study. We also thank Cecilia Pignon-Mussaud (LIENSs) for her help in processing Fig. 1.741515<180 Day Usage Count>315COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesMAR 5201815513351346
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1335-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1335-201812Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyFY3WCGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004267506000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, Sachs Harbour, UlukhaktokNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112437
Underwater sound levels in the Canadian Arctic, 2014-2019
ArticleMARINE POLLUTION BULLETINAmbient sound levels; Climate change; Passive acoustic monitoring; Ship traffic; Soundscape; Underwater noiseOCEAN AMBIENT NOISE; BOWHEAD WHALES; MARINE MAMMALS; INTERNATIONAL REGULATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS; SACHS HARBOR; BEAUFORT SEA; VOCALIZATIONS; PROPAGATION; ISLANDHalliday, WD; Barclay, D; Barkley, AN; Cook, E; Dawson, J; Hilliard, RC; Hussey, NE; Jones, JM; Juanes, F; Marcoux, M; Niemi, A; Nudds, S; Pine, MK; Richards, C; Scharffenberg, K; Westdal, K; Insley, SJHalliday, William D.; Barclay, David; Barkley, Amanda N.; Cook, Emmanuelle; Dawson, Jackie; Hilliard, R. Casey; Hussey, Nigel E.; Jones, Joshua M.; Juanes, Francis; Marcoux, Marianne; Niemi, Andrea; Nudds, Shannon; Pine, Matthew K.; Richards, Clark; Scharffenberg, Kevin; Westdal, Kristin; Insley, Stephen J.EnglishThe Arctic has been a refuge from anthropogenic underwater noise; however, climate change has caused summer sea ice to diminish, allowing for unprecedented access and the potential for increased underwater noise. Baseline underwater sound levels must be quantified to monitor future changes and manage underwater noise in the Arctic. We analyzed 39 passive acoustic datasets collected throughout the Canadian Arctic from 2014 to 2019 using statistical models to examine spatial and temporal trends in daily mean sound pressure levels (SPL) and quantify environmental and anthropogenic drivers of SPL. SPL (50 & ndash;1000 Hz) ranged from 70 to 127 dB re 1 mu Pa (median = 91 dB). SPL increased as wind speed increased, but decreased as both ice concentration and air temperature increased, and SPL increased as the number of ships per day increased. This study provides a baseline for underwater sound levels in the Canadian Arctic and fills many geographic gaps on published underwater sound levels.[Halliday, William D.; Pine, Matthew K.; Insley, Stephen J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Halliday, William D.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Juanes, Francis; Pine, Matthew K.; Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Barclay, David; Cook, Emmanuelle] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Barkley, Amanda N.; Hussey, Nigel E.] Univ Windsor, Dept Integrat Biol, Windsor, ON, Canada; [Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Hilliard, R. Casey] Dalhousie Univ, Inst Big Data Analyt, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Jones, Joshua M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Marcoux, Marianne; Niemi, Andrea; Scharffenberg, Kevin] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Nudds, Shannon; Richards, Clark] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Westdal, Kristin] Oceans North, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Victoria; Dalhousie University; University of Windsor; University of Ottawa; Dalhousie University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHalliday, WD (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada.;Halliday, WD (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.;Halliday, WD (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada.whalliday@wcs.orgBarclay, David/0000-0002-3810-1662Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada Atlantic; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Oceans North; World Wildlife Fund; Government of Nunavut; Nunavut Fisheries Association; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; W. Garfield Weston FoundationFisheries and Oceans Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada Atlantic; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Oceans North; World Wildlife Fund; Government of Nunavut; Nunavut Fisheries Association; Scripps Institution of Oceanography(University of California System); W. Garfield Weston FoundationWe thank all of the people involved in the collection of these datasets, including our Inuit and Inuvialuit partners in the communities of Sachs Harbour, Ulukhaktok, Resolute, and Pond Inlet, and collaborators and crews on various research vessels, including scientists from Fisheries and Oceans Canada aboard the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier, CCGS Henry Larsen, CCGS Des Groseilliers, F/V Nuliajuk, and F/V Kiviuq I. Funding for the collection of passive acoustic data used in this study was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Defence Research and Development Canada Atlantic, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Oceans North, World Wildlife Fund, the Government of Nunavut, the Nunavut Fisheries Association, Scripps Institution of Oceanography for use of HARPs, and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. exactEarth satellite AIS data were provided by the MEOPAR (Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response) Network (2014-2018 data) and the Meridian (Marine Environmental Research Infrastructure for Data Integration and Application Network) project (2019 data). Funding for this comparative analysis was provided by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation.951011<180 Day Usage Count>718PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0025-326X1879-3363MAR POLLUT BULLMar. Pollut. Bull.JUL2021168
112437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112437http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.1124372021-05-01 00:00:0015Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologySS6EQ33957495hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006618478000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort SeaYGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0010
Upriver sightings of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) follow storm surges and high water in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEmarine mammal; climate change; community observations; monitoring; marine protected areaBEAUFORT SEA; HABITAT USE; ESTUARYScharffenberg, KC; MacPhee, SA; Loseto, LLScharffenberg, Kevin C.; MacPhee, Shannon A.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishEach summer, Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) form a large congregation in the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TNMPA) in the Mackenzie River estuary, a behaviour thought to be linked to warm, freshwater conditions. In 2018, >50 belugas were observed upriver near Aklavik in the Mackenzie River Delta. Community members noted that this upriver occurrence of belugas was unusual and suggested that wind-driven high water levels in the Mackenzie River were a primary driver. We investigated this explanation by searching past communications and reports for documentation of beluga sightings upriver and identifying storm surges and water-level changes at six hydrometric stations in the Mackenzie River Delta. We found three previous occurrences of belugas upriver dating back to 2000, all of which followed prominent surges in river level attributable to coastal storms. Although acknowledging a small sample size, we suggest that upriver occurrences of beluga whales warrant further investigation through extension of the TNMPA beluga monitoring program. As climate-driven changes cause more frequent and intense Arctic storm surges, we expect storm events to increasingly overlap with the annual summer beluga congregation. This may cause upriver movements to become more common, and population-level implications are not known.[Scharffenberg, Kevin C.; MacPhee, Shannon A.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of ManitobaScharffenberg, KC (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.Kevin.Scharffenberg@dfo-mpo.gc.caLoseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821X3222<180 Day Usage Count>13CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP202173
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0010http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-001011Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsUE9XAgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006882345000050 YIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13413
Variation in the diet of beluga whales in response to changes in prey availability: insights on changes in the Beaufort Sea ecosystem
ArticleMARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIESDelphinapterus leucas; Arctic change; Marine top predators; Fatty acid signatures; Stable isotope ratios; Marine mammals; Diet estimation; Fishes; MacroinvertebratesACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FATTY-ACIDS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; BODY CONDITION; CLIMATE-CHANGEChoy, ES; Giraldo, C; Rosenberg, B; Roth, JD; Ehrman, AD; Majewski, A; Swanson, H; Power, M; Reist, JD; Loseto, LLChoy, Emily S.; Giraldo, Carolina; Rosenberg, Bruno; Roth, James D.; Ehrman, Ashley D.; Majewski, Andrew; Swanson, Heidi; Power, Michael; Reist, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishThe eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas population has experienced a 20 yr decline in inferred growth rates of individuals, which is hypothesized to have resulted from changes in prey availability. We used fatty acid signatures and stable isotope ratios to reconstruct the proportional contributions of 14 prey species to the diets of 178 beluga whales from 2011 to 2014. Prey estimates using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis suggest that EBS beluga whales primarily consume Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, a species highly sensitive to climate change. Prey estimates varied with year and sex and size class of the whales, with large males consuming the highest proportions of Arctic cod, and females consuming the highest proportions of capelin Mallotus villosus. Estimated proportional contributions of Arctic cod to beluga diet decreased from 2011 to 2014, coinciding with an increase in capelin. Belugas consumed the highest proportions of capelin and the lowest proportions of cod in 2014, the same year in which body condition indices were lowest in the whales. We hypothesize that changing conditions in the Beaufort Sea ecosystem may result in a decreased consumption of Arctic cod by belugas and increased consumption of capelin, which may result in a decline in condition. This may predominately affect females and juveniles since they consume the highest proportions of capelin; however, long-term monitoring is needed for confirmation. Understanding inter-annual variation in prey, and the longer-term nutritional implications of shifting from an Arctic cod- to a capelindominated diet should be a priority for monitoring EBS predators.[Choy, Emily S.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Choy, Emily S.; Roth, James D.; Reist, James D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Giraldo, Carolina] Ifremer, Lab Ressources Halieut, 150 Quai Gambetta BP 699, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France; [Rosenberg, Bruno; Ehrman, Ashley D.; Majewski, Andrew; Reist, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Ehrman, Ashley D.; Swanson, Heidi; Power, Michael] Univ Waterloo, 200 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaMcGill University; University of Manitoba; Ifremer; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Waterloo; University of ManitobaChoy, ES (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.;Choy, ES (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.emily.choy@mail.mcgill.caRoth, James/N-4178-2016; Choy, Emily Sarah/I-7105-2019Roth, James/0000-0002-0296-2786; Choy, Emily Sarah/0000-0002-4703-4318; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821X; Giraldo, Carolina/0000-0003-0278-522XNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship; L'Oreal-UNESCO Canadian National Mentoring Fellowship; E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) Grant-in-Aid Program; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; W. Garfield Weston Northern Research Award; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Science Training Program; Northern Contaminants Program; Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada); Environmental Studies Research Fund (Natural Resources Canada); International Governance Strategy (Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Program of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada); Internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources; ArcticNet; Inuvialuit Game CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); L'Oreal-UNESCO Canadian National Mentoring Fellowship(L'Oreal Group); E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) Grant-in-Aid Program; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; W. Garfield Weston Northern Research Award; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Science Training Program; Northern Contaminants Program; Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada); Environmental Studies Research Fund (Natural Resources Canada)(Natural Resources Canada); International Governance Strategy (Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Program of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada)(Natural Resources Canada); Internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources; ArcticNet; Inuvialuit Game CouncilThis project was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship, L'Oreal-UNESCO Canadian National Mentoring Fellowship, E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship, Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship, Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) Grant-in-Aid Program, University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, and the W. Garfield Weston Northern Research Award to E.C. Project funding was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Northern Science Training Program, and the Northern Contaminants Program. The Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada), Environmental Studies Research Fund (Natural Resources Canada), International Governance Strategy (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), Program of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada), Internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources, and ArcticNet provided funding for this research. We are grateful to the Inuvialuit Game Council and Fisheries Joint Management Committee for supporting this project and for providing valuable input to the study design and logistics. We thank Sheila Atchison and Shannon MacPhee for coordinating the BREA Fish and Benthic Program and Laure de Montety for identifying the invertebrate samples. We also thank beluga monitors Frank Pokiak, John Day, Kenny Rogers and Brandon Green and field assistants Kendra Tingmiak and Melanie Rogers for collecting harvested beluga tissues. Maps of the beluga hunting camps and BREA transects were provided by Mark Ouellette. We thank Dr. Jeffrey Bromaghin for providing feedback on our questions. We are grateful for the support and partnerships of the Hunters and Trappers Committees of Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, and Paulatuk and all of the hunters who allowed their food to be sampled for this project. We give a special thanks to the Rogers family for the warmth and generosity you shared with us as our hosts.902323<180 Day Usage Count>930INTER-RESEARCHOLDENDORF LUHENORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY0171-86301616-1599MAR ECOL PROG SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.AUG 132020647195210
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13413http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps1341316Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyQL6YW2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006212315000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014805
Variations in Rates of Biological Production in the Beaufort Gyre as the Arctic Changes: Rates From 2011 to 2016
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSoxygen; argon; gross primary production; net community production; sea ice; triple oxygen isotopesSEA-ICE; GAS TRANSFER; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NET COMMUNITY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; CARBON-CYCLE; WIND-SPEED; O-2; DYNAMICSJi, BY; Sandwith, ZO; Williams, WJ; Diaconescu, O; Ji, RB; Li, Y; Van Scoy, E; Yamamoto-Kawai, M; Zimmermann, S; Stanley, RHRJi, Brenda Y.; Sandwith, Zoe O.; Williams, William J.; Diaconescu, Oana; Ji, Rubao; Li, Yun; Van Scoy, Emma; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo; Zimmermann, Sarah; Stanley, Rachel H. R.EnglishThe Arctic Ocean is experiencing profound environmental changes as the climate warms. Understanding how these changes will affect Arctic biological productivity is key for predicting future Arctic ecosystems and the global CO2 balance. Here we use in situ gas measurements to quantify rates of gross oxygen production (GOP, total photosynthesis) and net community production (NCP, net CO2 drawdown by the biological pump) in the mixed layer in summer or fall from 2011 to 2016 in the Beaufort Gyre. NCP and GOP show spatial and temporal variations with higher values linked with lower concentrations of sea ice and increased upper ocean stratification. Mean rates of GOP range from 8 1 to 54 9 mmol O(2)m(-2)d(-1) with the highest mean rates occurring in summer of 2012. Mean rates of NCP ranged from 1.3 0.2 to 2.9 0.5 mmol O(2)m(-2)d(-1). The mean ratio of NCP/GOP, a measure of how efficiently the ecosystem is recycling its nutrients, ranged from 0.04 to 0.17, similar to ratios observed at lower latitudes. Additionally, a large increase in total photosynthesis that occurred in 2012, a year of historically low sea ice coverage, persisted for many years. Taken together, these data provide one of the most complete characterizations of interannual variations of biological productivity in this climatically important region, can serve as a baseline for future changes in rates of production, and give an intriguing glimpse of how this region of the Arctic may respond to future lack of sea ice. Plain Language Summary The Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly because of global climate change. Sea ice is declining, with the Arctic expected to be ice-free in the summer by the middle of this century. The effect of these environmental changes on the marine carbon cycle is poorly known. In this study, rates of marine photosynthesis and net carbon dioxide drawdown in the summer or fall of 2011-2016 show that ice concentration was the largest environmental predictor of biological productivity, with smaller sea ice concentrations leading to increased rates of photosynthesis and thus likely to higher carbon dioxide drawdown. Additionally, a large increase in total photosynthesis that occurred in 2012, a year of historically low sea ice coverage, persisted for many years. An alternative hypothesis for the large increase in photosynthesis in 2012 is that the data in 2011 were collected before the onset of summer stratification (time when mixed layer depth gets very shallow), whereas data for all subsequent years were collected after this increase in stratification had occurred.[Ji, Brenda Y.; Diaconescu, Oana; Van Scoy, Emma; Stanley, Rachel H. R.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Chem, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA; [Sandwith, Zoe O.; Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Williams, William J.; Zimmermann, Sarah] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Li, Yun] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; [Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo, JapanWellesley College; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; Tokyo University of Marine Science & TechnologyStanley, RHR (corresponding author), Wellesley Coll, Dept Chem, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA.rachel.stanley@wellesley.eduYamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/F-7611-2013; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/0000-0002-1035-2179; Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427; Van Scoy, Emma/0000-0002-9907-0927National Science Foundation [NSF 1547011, NSF 1302884, NSF 1719280, NSF 1643735]; Fisheries and Oceans CanadaNational Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Fisheries and Oceans CanadaWe sincerely thank the scientific teams of Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Joint Ocean Ice Studies expedition and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Beaufort Gyre Observing System. The hydrographic, nutrient, and chlorophyll data were collected and made available by the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre) in collaboration with researchers from Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Institute of Ocean Sciences. We thank the captains and crews of the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and Mike Dempsey for sample collection. This paper was improved by the suggestions of Michael DeGrandpre and one anonymous reviewer. We are grateful to Qing Wang at Wellesley College for her assistance with statistics. We thank our funding sources: the National Science Foundation (NSF 1547011, NSF 1302884, NSF 1719280, NSF 1643735) and the support of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Data presented and discussed in this paper can be found in the Arctic Data Center (http://10.18739/A2W389).761314<180 Day Usage Count>218AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansJUN2019124636283644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014805http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC01480517OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyIM1BAGreen Published, Bronze2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0004777222000090 YIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen Gulf, Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area, Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected AreaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.042
Vessel traffic in the Canadian Arctic: Management solutions for minimizing impacts on whales in a changing northern region
ArticleOCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENTMARINE PROTECTED AREAS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; SHIPPING NOISE; AMBIENT NOISE; MAMMALS; BAY; CONTAMINANTS; COLLISIONS; STRIKESMcWhinnie, LH; Halliday, WD; Insley, SJ; Hilliard, C; Canessa, RRMcWhinnie, Lauren H.; Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.; Hilliard, Casey; Canessa, Rosaline R.EnglishWarming weather conditions in the Arctic are already resulting in changes in both sea ice extent and thickness. The resulting extended 'open water' season has many implications for vessel traffic and marine life. For example, an increase in vessel traffic due to ice-free waters will most likely lead to an increased risk of impact on cetaceans through increased noise pollution, strike risk for some cetacean species, and the possibility of exposure to chemical pollutants. The objective of this study was to pre-empt a predicted increase in vessels by investigating and exploring possible management scenarios, with the aim of mitigating negative impacts on locally important species such as bowhead and beluga whales. Utilizing insights gained from established vessel management schemes in more southerly regions, this paper evaluates the current suite of tools being implemented and their appropriateness for implementation in a more extreme Arctic environment.[McWhinnie, Lauren H.; Canessa, Rosaline R.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Coastal & Oceans Resource Anal Lab, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, 189 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Halliday, William D.; Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Hilliard, Casey] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Big Data Analyt, Halifax, NS B3H 4RS, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Victoria; Dalhousie UniversityMcWhinnie, LH (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Coastal & Oceans Resource Anal Lab, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.lmcwhin@uvic.caMcWhinnie, Lauren/0000-0002-0761-2275; Hilliard, Richard/0000-0001-8895-7429; Halliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076XMEOPAR National Centre of Excellence; Weston Foundation; University of VictoriaMEOPAR National Centre of Excellence; Weston Foundation; University of VictoriaWe are grateful to A. Allen for helpful discussions about our review of MPAs. Funding was provided by the MEOPAR National Centre of Excellence, The Weston Foundation, and the University of Victoria.712324<180 Day Usage Count>759ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0964-56911873-524XOCEAN COAST MANAGEOcean Coastal Manage.JUN 152018160117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.042http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.04217Oceanography; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Oceanography; Water ResourcesGJ1YI2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0004350634000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea shelf, Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected AreaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-0003
Environmental drivers of beluga whale distribution in a changing climate: a case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area
Article; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEResource Selection Function; beluga whales; summer habitat; TNMPA; species distribution modelDELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BEAUFORT SEA; HABITAT USE; RIVER; FOOD; ICE; SELECTION; ALGORITHMS; BEHAVIOR; IMPACTSNoel, A; Iacozza, J; Devred, E; Marcoux, M; Hornby, C; Loseto, LLNoel, Aurelie; Iacozza, John; Devred, Emmanuel; Marcoux, Marianne; Hornby, Claire; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishDuring summer, the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) population aggregates in the waters of the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TNMPA). Guided by local communities' priorities, this study aimed to better understand beluga summer habitat selection and to examine whether shifts in beluga distribution are expected under a changing climate. We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on aerial survey data and satellite remote sensing images to estimate the likelihood of beluga presence as a function of environmental conditions. The RSF revealed that belugas selected warm and turbid waters, with suspended particulate matter concentrations and sea surface temperatures ranging above average estuarine values. These specific conditions support hypotheses on the ecological roles of estuaries for belugas such as providing a thermal advantage for their calves or for beluga epidermal moulting. Using a diachronic analysis, we found a distribution shift towards coastal and inshore waters, areas already experiencing effects of climate change. Thus, the current distribution may reflect beluga responses to a changing climate, selecting warmer and more turbid areas. Our finding provides insight into current and evolving beluga habitat and habitat selection under a changing climate, which may help inform beluga management in the TNMPA.[Noel, Aurelie; Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci CEOS, Dept Environm & Geog, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Noel, Aurelie; Marcoux, Marianne; Hornby, Claire; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Iacozza, John] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, Dept Environm & Geog, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Devred, Emmanuel] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaNoel, A (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci CEOS, Dept Environm & Geog, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.;Noel, A (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.noela@myumanitoba.caArcticNet, part of the Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; University of Manitoba OakesRiewe Environmental Studies AwardArcticNet, part of the Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada; University of Manitoba OakesRiewe Environmental Studies AwardAcademic funding was provided through ArcticNet, part of the Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada, with the Program Using Co-Produced Knowledge to Understand and Manage Subsistence Marine Harvests in a Changing Climateand the University of Manitoba Oakes-Riewe Environmental Studies Award10100<180 Day Usage Count>88CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-0003http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-00032022-10-01 00:00:0015Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics5F7RGgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008665083000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea shelf, Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected AreaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0040
Evaluation of the Beaufort Sea shelf structure and function in support of the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area
Article; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEecosystem modelling; Arctic; climate change; keystone species; ecosystem-based managementCOD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; POLAR COD; FOOD WEBS; EXPLOITED ECOSYSTEMS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; NETWORK ANALYSIS; MACKENZIE RIVER; ICESora, KJ; Wabnitz, CCC; Steiner, NS; Sumaila, UR; Cheung, WWL; Niemi, A; Loseto, LL; Hoover, CSora, Kristen J.; Wabnitz, Colette C. C.; Steiner, Nadja S.; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Cheung, William W. L.; Niemi, Andrea; Loseto, Lisa L.; Hoover, CarieEnglishArctic ecosystems are at risk to climate impacts, challenging existing conservation measures such as protected areas. This study aims to describe the ecological dynamics of the Canadian Beaufort Sea Shelf (BSS) ecosystem and the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TNMPA) under historical changes in sea surface temperature and sea ice extent. Using Ecopath with Ecosim, we compared the status of the BSS between two time periods, 1970-1974 and 2008-2012, and against four ecosystem models (Eastern Chukchi Sea, Barents Sea, Eastern Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska) to inform the relative long-term health and status of Arctic marine ecosystems. We find that relative to the comparable ecosystems, the BSS had a greater proportion of biomass from pelagic primary and secondary producers, and limited production from higher trophic levels. Estimates of trophic structure indices for the BSS indicate temporal ecosystem stability, and no loss in diversity. While beluga whales are a focus of the TNMPA management plan, they are not considered a key component of the modeled food web. Rather, Arctic and polar cods (main beluga prey group), arthropods, large copepods, micro-zooplankton, and herring and smelt, were identified as keystone species and warrant attention as proxies for both beluga whales and ecosystem health.[Sora, Kristen J.; Wabnitz, Colette C. C.; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Cheung, William W. L.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Wabnitz, Colette C. C.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Steiner, Nadja S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada; [Sumaila, U. Rashid] Univ British Columbia, Sch Publ Policy & Global Affairs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Niemi, Andrea; Loseto, Lisa L.; Hoover, Carie] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Hoover, Carie] Dalhousie Univ, Marine Affairs Program, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; Stanford University; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Dalhousie UniversitySora, KJ (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.k.sora@oceans.ubc.caSteiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2018-03864]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Funding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discover Grant: RGPIN-2018-03864) through the Changing Ocean Research Unit (CORU) of the University of British Columbia (UBC) , as well as funding provided through Fisheries and Oceans Canada?s Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Pro-gram (ACCASP) . The authors wish to thank Andrew Majewski, Wojciech Walkusz, Shannon MacPhee, Jim Reist, Andy White-house, Kerim Aydin, Claire Hornby, Jeroen Steenbeek, and Villy Christensen for their advice and technical assistance.11600<180 Day Usage Count>44CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-0040http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2020-00402022-06-01 00:00:0024Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics4W9FJgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008604602000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0614-6
Abrupt changes across the Arctic permafrost region endanger northern development
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE-CHANGETeufel, B; Sushama, LTeufel, B.; Sushama, L.EnglishExtensive degradation of near-surface permafrost is projected during the twenty-first century(1), which will have detrimental effects on northern communities, ecosystems and engineering systems. This degradation is predicted to have consequences for many processes, which previous modelling studies have suggested would occur gradually. Here we project that soil moisture will decrease abruptly (within a few months) in response to permafrost degradation over large areas of the present-day permafrost region, based on analysis of transient climate change simulations performed using a state-of-the-art regional climate model. This regime shift is reflected in abrupt increases in summer near-surface temperature and convective precipitation, and decreases in relative humidity and surface runoff. Of particular relevance to northern systems are changes to the bearing capacity of the soil due to increased drainage, increases in the potential for intense rainfall events and increases in lightning frequency. Combined with increases in forest fuel combustibility, these are projected to abruptly and substantially increase the severity of wildfires, which constitute one of the greatest risks to northern ecosystems, communities and infrastructures. The fact that these changes are projected to occur abruptly further increases the challenges associated with climate change adaptation and potential retrofitting measures.[Teufel, B.; Sushama, L.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill UniversityTeufel, B (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.bernardo.teufel@mail.mcgill.caTeufel, Bernardo/0000-0003-1331-2030Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2019-05238]; Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design; McGill Sustainability Systems InitiativeNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design; McGill Sustainability Systems InitiativeThis research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-2019-05238), the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design and the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative. The GEM simulations in this study were performed on supercomputers managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.325254<180 Day Usage Count>947NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.NOV2019911858+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0614-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0614-68Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJI8TB2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004937351000190 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8fa7
Are vegetation influences on Arctic-boreal snow melt rates detectable across the Northern Hemisphere?
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSsnowmelt; snow water equivalent; vegetation; borealINCOMING LONGWAVE RADIATION; WATER EQUIVALENT; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; FOREST COVER; PERMAFROST; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; ABLATION; BALANCEKropp, H; Loranty, MM; Rutter, N; Fletcher, CG; Derksen, C; Mudryk, L; Todt, MKropp, Heather; Loranty, Michael M.; Rutter, Nick; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Derksen, Chris; Mudryk, Lawrence; Todt, MarkusEnglishThe timing and rate of northern high latitude spring snowmelt plays a critical role in surface albedo, hydrology, and soil carbon cycling. Ongoing changes in the abundance and distribution of trees and shrubs in tundra and boreal ecosystems can alter snowmelt via canopy impacts on surface energy partitioning. It is unclear whether vegetation-related processes observed at the ecosystem scale influence snowmelt patterns at regional or continental scales. We examined the influence of vegetation cover on snowmelt across the boreal and Arctic region across a ten-year reference period (2000-2009) using a blended snow water equivalent (SWE) data product and gridded estimates of surface temperature, tree cover, and land cover characterized by the dominant plant functional type. Snow melt rates were highest in locations with a late onset of melt, higher temperatures during the melt period, and higher maximum SWE before the onset of melt. After controlling for temperature, melt onset, and the maximum SWE, we found snow melt rates were highest in evergreen needleleaf forest, mixed boreal forest, and herbaceous tundra compared to deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous shrub tundra. Tree canopy cover had little effect on snowmelt rate within each land cover type. While accounting for the influence of vegetative land cover type is necessary for predictive understanding of snowmelt rate variability across the Arctic-Boreal region. The relationships differed from observations at the ecosystem and catchment scales in other studies. Thus highlighting the importance of spatial scale in identifying snow-vegetation relationships.[Kropp, Heather] Hamilton Coll, Environm Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323 USA; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY USA; [Rutter, Nick] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; [Fletcher, Christopher G.] Univ Waterloo, Geog & Environm Management Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Derksen, Chris; Mudryk, Lawrence] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Todt, Markus] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, EnglandHamilton College; Colgate University; Northumbria University; University of Waterloo; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of ReadingKropp, H (corresponding author), Hamilton Coll, Environm Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323 USA.hkropp@hamilton.eduLoranty, Michael/A-1518-2009; Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014Loranty, Michael/0000-0001-8851-7386; Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575Picker Interdisciplinary Science Institute at Colgate University; Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network - Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research programPicker Interdisciplinary Science Institute at Colgate University; Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network - Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research programFunding for this study was provided by the Picker Interdisciplinary Science Institute at Colgate University to M L, H K, M L, C F, C D, and N R. M T was supported by supported by the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network, which is funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program.7300<180 Day Usage Count>1616IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.OCT 120221710
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8fa7http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8fa711Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4P7ARGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0008555449000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006672
Assessing the Potential for Mobilization of Old Soil Carbon After Permafrost Thaw: A Synthesis of C-14 Measurements From the Northern Permafrost Region
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESpermafrost thaw; radiocarbon; carbon dioxide; methane; dissolved organic carbon; particulate organic carbonDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; HIGH ARCTIC TUNDRA; RADIOCARBON CONSTRAINTS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; BOREAL PEATLANDS; DEEPER SNOW; ANCIENT; RELEASEEstop-Aragones, C; Olefeldt, D; Abbott, BW; Chanton, JP; Czimczik, CI; Dean, JF; Egan, JE; Gandois, L; Garnett, MH; Hartley, IP; Hoyt, A; Lupascu, M; Natali, SM; O'Donnell, JA; Raymond, PA; Tanentzap, AJ; Tank, SE; Schuur, EAG; Turetsky, M; Anthony, KWEstop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, David; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Czimczik, Claudia I.; Dean, Joshua F.; Egan, Jocelyn E.; Gandois, Laure; Garnett, Mark H.; Hartley, Iain P.; Hoyt, Alison; Lupascu, Massimo; Natali, Susan M.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Raymond, Peter A.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt; Anthony, Katey WalterEnglishThe magnitude of future emissions of greenhouse gases from the northern permafrost region depends crucially on the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) that has accumulated over millennia in these perennially frozen soils. Many recent studies have used radiocarbon (C-14) to quantify the release of this old SOC as CO2 or CH4 to the atmosphere or as dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) to surface waters. We compiled similar to 1,900 C-14 measurements from 51 sites in the northern permafrost region to assess the vulnerability of thawing SOC in tundra, forest, peatland, lake, and river ecosystems. We found that growing season soil C-14-CO2 emissions generally had a modern (post-1950s) signature, but that well-drained, oxic soils had increased CO(2)emissions derived from older sources following recent thaw. The age of CO2 and CH4 emitted from lakes depended primarily on the age and quantity of SOC in sediments and on the mode of emission, and indicated substantial losses of previously frozen SOC from actively expanding thermokarst lakes. Increased fluvial export of aged DOC and POC occurred from sites where permafrost thaw caused soil thermal erosion. There was limited evidence supporting release of previously frozen SOC as CO2, CH4, and DOC from thawing peatlands with anoxic soils. This synthesis thus suggests widespread but not universal release of permafrost SOC following thaw. We show that different definitions of old sources among studies hamper the comparison of vulnerability of permafrost SOC across ecosystems and disturbances. We also highlight opportunities for future C-14 studies in the permafrost region.[Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, Germany; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Czimczik, Claudia I.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA; [Dean, Joshua F.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England; [Egan, Jocelyn E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Gandois, Laure] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, Toulouse, France; [Garnett, Mark H.] NEIF Radiocarbon Lab, Scottish Enterprise Technol Pk,Rankine Ave, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland; [Hartley, Iain P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter, Devon, England; [Hoyt, Alison] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Lupascu, Massimo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore, Singapore; [Natali, Susan M.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Arctic Network, Natl Pk Serv, Anchorage, AK USA; [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA; [Tanentzap, Andrew J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge, England; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 56408th St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Anthony, Katey Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USAUniversity of Alberta; University of Munster; Brigham Young University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Liverpool; Dalhousie University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Scottish Universities Research & Reactor Center; University of Exeter; Max Planck Society; National University of Singapore; United States Department of the Interior; Yale University; University of Cambridge; University of Alberta; Northern Arizona University; University of Guelph; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksEstop-Aragones, C (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.;Estop-Aragones, C (corresponding author), Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, Germany.cristian.estop@uni-muenster.deEstop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Garnett, Mark H/C-2377-2009; Lupascu, Massimo/AAA-3051-2021; Dean, Joshua/P-9009-2017; Raymond, Peter A/C-4087-2009; Abbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Hartley, Iain P/J-7892-2016; Lupascu, Massimo/AAD-8686-2021; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Garnett, Mark H/0000-0001-6486-2126; Dean, Joshua/0000-0001-9058-7076; Raymond, Peter A/0000-0002-8564-7860; Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Hartley, Iain P/0000-0002-9183-6617; Lupascu, Massimo/0000-0002-0416-629X; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Chanton, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3303-9708Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP); ERC Horizon 2020 programme [695101]; NSF [1331083, 1931333]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K000179/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/K000179/1] Funding Source: UKRINatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP); ERC Horizon 2020 programme; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Funding and support were provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688), and the Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP). A. M. H. received funding from the ERC Horizon 2020 programme (grant 695101). This study was also assisted by the Permafrost Carbon Network, which was supported by NSF project #1331083 and #1931333 to E. A. G. S. The authors thank James W. McClelland for comments, which improved the manuscript.1302121<180 Day Usage Count>1264AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleSEP2020349
e2020GB006672
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006672http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB00667226Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesNY5CHGreen Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-11WOS:0005764069000160 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research Station, Mackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13490
Biodiversity patterns of Arctic diatom assemblages in lakes and streams: Current reference conditions and historical context for biomonitoring
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYcircumpolar; diatom biotypes; environmental monitoring; global warming; paleolimnologyFRESH-WATER DIATOMS; RECENT CLIMATIC-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; CORNWALLIS ISLAND; ICE-COVER; QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS; ELLESMERE-ISLAND; DIVERSITYKahlert, M; Ruhland, KM; Lavoie, I; Keck, F; Saulnier-Talbot, E; Bogan, D; Brua, RB; Campeau, S; Christoffersen, KS; Culp, JM; Karjalainen, SM; Lento, J; Schneider, SC; Shaftel, R; Smol, JPKahlert, Maria; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Lavoie, Isabelle; Keck, Francois; Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie; Bogan, Daniel; Brua, Robert B.; Campeau, Stephane; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Culp, Joseph M.; Karjalainen, Satu Maaria; Lento, Jennifer; Schneider, Susanne C.; Shaftel, Rebecca; Smol, John P.EnglishComprehensive assessments of contemporary diatom distributions across the Arctic remain scarce. Furthermore, studies tracking species compositional differences across space and time, as well as diatom responses to climate warming, are mainly limited to paleolimnological studies due to a lack of routine monitoring in lakes and streams across vast areas of the Arctic. The study aims to provide a spatial assessment of contemporary species distributions across the circum-Arctic, establish contemporary biodiversity patterns of diatom assemblages to use as reference conditions for future biomonitoring assessments, and determine pre-industrial baseline conditions to provide historical context for modern diatom distributions. Diatom assemblages were assessed using information from ongoing regulatory monitoring programmes, individual research projects, and from surface sediment layers obtained from lake cores. Pre-industrial baseline conditions as well as the nature, direction and magnitude of changes in diatom assemblages over the pastc.200 years were determined by comparing surface sediment samples (i.e. containing modern assemblages) with a sediment interval deposited prior to the onset of significant anthropogenic activities (i.e. containing pre-1850 assemblages), together with an examination of diatoms preserved in contiguous samples from dated sediment cores. We identified several biotypes with distinct diatom assemblages using contemporary diatom data from both lakes and streams, including a biotype typical for High Arctic regions. Differences in diatom assemblage composition across circum-Arctic regions were gradual rather than abrupt. Species richness was lowest in High Arctic regions compared to Low Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, and higher in lakes than in streams. Dominant diatom taxa were not endemic to the Arctic. Species richness in both lakes and streams reached maximum values between 60 degrees N and 75 degrees N but was highly variable, probably reflecting differences in local and regional environmental factors and possibly sampling effort. We found clear taxon-specific differences between contemporary and pre-industrial samples that were often specific to both ecozone and lake depth. Regional patterns of species turnover (beta-diversity) in the pastc.200 years revealed that regions of the Canadian High Arctic and the Hudson Bay Lowlands to the south showed most compositional change, whereas the easternmost regions of the Canadian Arctic changed least. As shown in previous Arctic diatom studies, global warming has already affected these remote high latitude ecosystems. Our results provide reference conditions for future environmental monitoring programmes in the Arctic. Furthermore, diatom taxa identification and harmonisation require improvement, starting with circum-Arctic intercalibrations. Despite the challenges posed by the remoteness of the Arctic, our study shows the need for routine monitoring programmes that have a wide geographical coverage for both streams and lakes.[Kahlert, Maria; Keck, Francois] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; [Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Lavoie, Isabelle] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord CEN, Lab Paleoecol Aquat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Bogan, Daniel; Shaftel, Rebecca] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Ctr Conservat Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Brua, Robert B.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Campeau, Stephane] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Environm Sci, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Freshwater Biol Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Karjalainen, Satu Maaria] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Oulu, Finland; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Schneider, Susanne C.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, NorwaySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Queens University - Canada; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); Laval University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; University of Copenhagen; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; Finnish Environment Institute; University of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)Kahlert, M (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.maria.kahlert@slu.seShaftel, Rebecca/HNR-3645-2023; Lento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014; Kahlert, Maria/G-7981-2014Shaftel, Rebecca/0000-0002-4789-4211; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017; Kahlert, Maria/0000-0001-9643-4281Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management; Ministere de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (Quebec, Canada)Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management; Ministere de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (Quebec, Canada)Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management; Ministere de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques (Quebec, Canada)1231111<180 Day Usage Count>317WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI116140
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13490http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.134902020-03-01 00:00:0025Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005635441000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00055
C-14 Variation of Dissolved Lignin in Arctic River Systems
ArticleACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRYCompound-specific radiocarbon analysis; arctic rivers; dissolved organic matter; lignin phenols; Keeling plotTERRESTRIAL CARBON TRANSFER; ANCIENT PERMAFROST CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; MULTIMOLECULAR TRACERS; RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS; AMAZON RIVER; EXPORT; BIOMARKERS; DELTA-C-14; COMPONENTSFeng, XJ; Vonk, JE; Griffin, C; Zimov, N; Montlucon, DB; Wacker, L; Eglinton, TIFeng, Xiaojuan; Vonk, Jorien E.; Griffin, Claire; Zimov, Nikita; Montlucon, Daniel B.; Wacker, Lukas; Eglinton, Timothy I.EnglishAssessing permafrost-release signals in arctic rivers is challenging due to mixing of complex carbon components of contrasting ages. Compound-specific C-14 analysis of terrestrially derived molecules may reduce the influence of mixed carbon sources and potentially provide a closer examination on the dynamics of permafrost-derived carbon in arctic rivers. Here we employed a recently modified method to determine radiocarbon contents of lignin phenols, as a classic tracer for terrestrial carbon, isolated from the dissolved organic matter (DOM) of two arctic river systems that showed contrasting seasonal dynamics and age components in DOM. While dissolved lignin had relatively invariant C-14 contents in the Mackenzie, it was more concentrated and C-14 enriched during spring thaw but relatively diluted and C-14-depleted in the summer flow or permafrost thaw waters in the Kolyma. Remarkably, the covariance between dissolved lignin concentrations and its C-14 contents nicely followed the Keeling plot, indicating mixing of a young pool of dissolved lignin with an aged pool of a constant concentration within the river. Using model parameters, we showed that although the young pool had similarly modern ages in both rivers, Kolyma had a much higher concentration of aged dissolved lignin and/or with older ages. With this approach, our study not only provided the first set of C data on dissolved lignin phenols in rivers but also demonstrated that the age and abundance of the old DOM pool can be assessed by radiocarbon dating of dissolved lignin in arctic rivers related to permafrost release.[Feng, Xiaojuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Feng, Xiaojuan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China; [Feng, Xiaojuan; Montlucon, Daniel B.; Eglinton, Timothy I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Geol Inst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Griffin, Claire] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Griffin, Claire] Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA; [Zimov, Nikita] Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, RU-690041 Cherskiy, Yakutia, Russia; [Wacker, Lukas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys LIP, CH-8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH ZurichFeng, XJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.;Feng, XJ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China.;Feng, XJ (corresponding author)xfeng@ibcas.ac.cnVonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; Feng, Xiaojuan/I-6142-2013Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Feng, Xiaojuan/0000-0002-0443-0628; Griffin, Claire/0000-0003-1944-6072National Natural Science Foundation of China [41422304, 31370491]; Swiss National Science foundation (SNF) [200021_140850]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-9907129, OCE-0137005, OCE-0526268]; ETH ZUrich; NWO Rubicon [825.10.022]; NWO Veni [863.12.004]National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Swiss National Science foundation (SNF)(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); ETH ZUrich(ETH Zurich); NWO Rubicon(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); NWO Veni(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO))All molecular <SUP>14</SUP>C data are available in Supporting Information, Table Si. Members of LIP (ETH) are acknowledged for support with the radiocarbon measurements. X.F. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41422304, 31370491). T.I.E. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science foundation (SNF) (#200021_140850) and Grants OCE-9907129, OCE-0137005, and OCE-0526268 from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), and ETH ZUrich. J.E.V. thanks support from NWO Rubicon (#825.10.022) and Veni (#863.12.004). X.F. thanks ETH Zurich for postdoctoral support. Support for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory comes from NSF #ARC-0732821 and #ARC-1107774. The Young Thousand Talent recruiting plan of China is acknowledged for start-up support to X.F.561414<180 Day Usage Count>167AMER CHEMICAL SOCWASHINGTON1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA2472-3452ACS EARTH SPACE CHEMACS Earth Space Chem.AUG201716334344
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00055http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b0005511Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geochemistry & GeophysicsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Chemistry; Geochemistry & GeophysicsFE4MC2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004081870000050 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.082
Carbon and mercury export from the Arctic rivers and response to permafrost degradation
ArticleWATER RESEARCHOrganic carbon; Mercury; Riverine export; Active layer; DischargeDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; MACKENZIE RIVER; YUKON RIVER; OCEAN; BIODEGRADABILITY; DISCHARGE; CLIMATE; BASIN; SEAMu, CC; Zhang, F; Chen, X; Ge, SM; Mu, M; Jia, L; Wu, QB; Zhang, TJMu, Cuicui; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Xu; Ge, Shemin; Mu, Mei; Jia, Lin; Wu, Qingbai; Zhang, TingjunEnglishArctic rivers export a large amount of organic carbon (OC) and mercury (Hg) to Arctic oceans. Because there are only a few direct calculations of OC and Hg exports from these large rivers, very little is known about their response to changes in the active layer in northern permafrost-dominated areas. In this study, multiyear data sets from the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) are used to estimate the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from the six largest rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob, Mackenzie, Yukon and Kolyma) draining to the Arctic Ocean. From 2003 to 2017, annual DOC and POC export to the Arctic Ocean was approximately 21612 Gg and 2728 Gg, and the exports of Hg and MeHg to the Arctic Ocean were approximately 20090 kg and 110 kg (0.002% of the total Hg stored in the northern hemisphere active layer). There were great variations in seasonal OC and Hg concentrations and chemical characteristics, with higher fluxes in spring and lower fluxes in winter (baseline). DOC and Hg concentrations are significantly positively correlated to discharge, as discharge continues to increase in response to a deepening active layer thickness during recent past decades. This study shows that previous results likely underestimated DOC exports from rivers in the circum-Arctic regions, and both OC and Hg exports will increase under predicted climate warming scenarios. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Mu, Cuicui; Zhang, Feng; Chen, Xu; Mu, Mei; Jia, Lin; Zhang, Tingjun] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Mu, Cuicui] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Mu, Cuicui; Wu, Qingbai] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resource, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Ge, Shemin] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Zhang, Tingjun] Univ Cooperat Polar Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderMu, CC; Zhang, TJ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.mucc@lzu.edu.cn; tjzhang@lzu.edu.cnZHANG, TINGJUN/AAX-3662-2020; mu, cuicui/AAU-2733-2020mu, cuicui/0000-0003-0630-9423; ZHANG, Tingjun/0000-0001-6974-9501Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDY-SSW-DQC021]; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA20100313, XDA20100103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41871050]; Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science [SKLCS-OP-2018-05]; Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering [SKLFSE201705]Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science; Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringThis work was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-DQC021), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20100313; XDA20100103), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41871050), the Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science (SKLCS-OP-2018-05), Open Foundations of the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering (SKLFSE201705).493135<180 Day Usage Count>981PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0043-1354WATER RESWater Res.SEP 1520191615460
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.082http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.0827Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesIJ6GB311768842023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004759994000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie River and Mackenzie basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243494
Changes of Hydrological Components in Arctic Rivers Based on Multi-Source Data during 2003-2016
ArticleWATERhydrological components; hydrograph separation; hydrological cycles; time lag; Arctic river basinsCLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER STORAGE; TERRESTRIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SATELLITE GRAVIMETRY; PERMAFROST REGION; LENA RIVER; PRECIPITATION; DISCHARGE; BASIN; EVAPORATIONWu, H; Xu, M; Zhu, MYWu, Hao; Xu, Min; Zhu, MengyanEnglishThe hydrological cycle of the Arctic river basin holds an important position in the Earth's system, which has been significantly disturbed by global warming. This study analyzed recent changes in the hydrological components of two representative Arctic river basins in Siberia and North America, the Lena River Basin (LRB) and Mackenzie River Basin (MRB), respectively. The trends were diagnosed in hydrological components through a comparative analysis and estimations based on remote sensing and observational datasets during 2003-2016. The results showed that the annual precipitation decreased at rates of 1.9 mm/10a and 18.8 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed increasing trends, with rates of 9.5 mm/10a and 6.3 mm/10a in the MRB and LRB, respectively. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) was obviously decreased, with rates of 30.3 mm/a and 18.9 mm/a in the MRB and LRB, respectively, which indicated that more freshwater was released. Contradictive trends of the runoffs were found in the two basins, which were increased in the LRB and decreased in the MRB, due to the contributions of the surface water and base flow. In addition, the mean annual cycles of precipitation, ET, TWS, runoff depth, surface flow and base flow behaved differently in both magnitudes and distributions in the LRB and MRB, the trends of which will likely continue with the pronounced warming climate. The current case studies can help to understand the recent changes in the Arctic hydro-climatology and the consequence of global warming in Arctic river basins.[Wu, Hao; Zhu, Mengyan] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Hydraul Sci & Engn, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Xu, Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaYangzhou University; Chinese Academy of SciencesXu, M (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.wu_hao@yzu.edu.cn; xumin@lzb.ac.cn; my19825302027@163.comNational Key Research and Development Program of China [2020YFA0608504]; Key CAS Research Program of Frontier Sciences [QYZDY-SSW-DQC021]; project of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science [SKLCS-ZZ-2020, SKLCS-OP-2020-11]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2019414]; Jiangsu Provincial DoubleInnovation Doctor ProgramNational Key Research and Development Program of China; Key CAS Research Program of Frontier Sciences; project of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS; Jiangsu Provincial DoubleInnovation Doctor ProgramThis research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0608504), Key CAS Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDY-SSWDQC021), the project of State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science (SKLCS-ZZ-2020, SKLCS-OP2020-11), Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2019414) and Jiangsu Provincial DoubleInnovation Doctor Program.8300<180 Day Usage Count>38MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterDEC20211324
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243494http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1324349418Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesXZ0PZgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007373660000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie River, Beaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33541-0
Circum-Arctic release of terrestrial carbon varies between regions and sources
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST-CARBON; OLD CARBON; LAPTEV SEA; RIVER; EROSION; MATTER; DEGRADATION; PARTICULATE; EMISSIONSMartens, J; Wild, B; Semiletov, I; Dudarev, OV; Gustafsson, OMartens, Jannik; Wild, Birgit; Semiletov, Igor; Dudarev, Oleg, V; Gustafsson, OrjanEnglishArctic change is expected to destabilize terrestrial carbon (terrOC) in soils and permafrost, leading to fluvial release, greenhouse gas emission and climate feedback. However, landscape heterogeneity and location-specific observations complicate large-scale assessments of terrOC mobilization. Here we reveal differences in terrOC release, deduced from the Circum-Arctic Sediment Carbon Database (CASCADE) using source-diagnostic (delta C-13-Delta C-14) and carbon accumulation data. The results show five-times larger terrOC release from the Eurasian than from the American Arctic. Most of the circum-Arctic terrOC originates from near-surface soils (61%); 30% stems from Pleistocene-age permafrost. TerrOC translocation, relative to land-based terrOC stocks, varies by a factor of five between circum-Arctic regions. Shelf seas with higher relative terrOC translocation follow the spatial pattern of recent Arctic warming, while such with lower translocation reflect long-distance lateral transport with efficient remineralization of terrOC. This study provides a receptor-based perspective for how terrOC release varies across the circum-Arctic.[Martens, Jannik; Wild, Birgit; Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci ACES, Stockholm, Sweden; [Martens, Jannik; Wild, Birgit; Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [Martens, Jannik] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA; [Semiletov, Igor; Dudarev, Oleg, V] Ilichov Pacific Oceanol Inst FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; [Semiletov, Igor] Higher Sch Econ HSE, Moscow, Russia; [Semiletov, Igor; Dudarev, Oleg, V] Tomsk State Univ TSU, Tomsk, RussiaStockholm University; Columbia University; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Tomsk State UniversityGustafsson, O (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci ACES, Stockholm, Sweden.;Gustafsson, O (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden.orjan.gustafsson@aces.su.seWild, Birgit/E-6476-2012Wild, Birgit/0000-0002-9611-0815; Gustafsson, Orjan/0000-0002-1922-0527; Martens, Jannik/0000-0003-4252-5107European Research Council (ERC) [CC-TOP 695331]; EU H2020 [773421]; Swedish Research Council [2017-01601, 2021-06670]; Russian Science Foundation [21-77-30001]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW) [2011.0027]; Russian Ministry of Science and higher Education [075-15-2020-928, 0211-2021-0010]; Tomsk State University Development Programme (Priority-2030)European Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); EU H2020; Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW)(Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation); Russian Ministry of Science and higher Education; Tomsk State University Development Programme (Priority-2030)We thank the CASCADE collaboration partners and everyone else involved in the sampling and analysis that contributed to the first release of CASCADE. This study was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant CC-TOP 695331 to o.G.), the EU H2020-funded project Nunataryuk (Grant 773421 to o.G.), the Swedish Research Council (Grant 2017-01601 to o.G., Grant 2021-06670 to J.M.), and the Russian Science Foundation (grant 21-77-30001 to I.S.). Field campaigns to obtain gap-filling samples were supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW contract 2011.0027 to o.G.) as part of the SWERUS-C3 program and by the Russian Ministry of Science and higher Education (grant 075-15-2020-928 to HSE, grant 0211-2021-0010 to POI). This study was further supported by the Tomsk State University Development Programme (Priority-2030).5900<180 Day Usage Count>1313NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.OCT 42022131
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33541-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33541-010Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics5B9QQ36195594Green Published, gold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0008639031000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108356
Deepened snow enhances gross nitrogen cycling among Pan-Arctic tundra soils during both winter and summer
ArticleSOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRYSoil nitrogen; Gross mineralization; Gross nitrification; Immobilization; Denitrification; Snowfence; Moist tundraDISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST SOIL; SEA-ICE; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; DEPTHXu, WY; Prieme, A; Cooper, EJ; Morsdorf, MA; Semenchuk, P; Elberling, B; Grogan, P; Ambus, PLXu, Wenyi; Prieme, Anders; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Morsdorf, Martin Alfons; Semenchuk, Philipp; Elberling, Bo; Grogan, Paul; Ambus, Per LennartEnglishMany Arctic regions currently experience an increase in winter snowfall as a result of climate change. Deepened snow can enhance thermal insulation of the underlying soil during winter, resulting in warmer soil temperatures that promote soil microbial nitrogen (N)-cycle processes and the availability of N and other nutrients. We conducted an ex situ study comparing the effects of deepened snow (using snow fences that have been installed for 3-13 years) on microbial N-cycle processes in late summer (late growing season) and winter (late snow-covered season) among five tundra sites in three different geographic locations across the Arctic (Greenland (dry and wet tundra), Canada (mesic tundra), and Svalbard, Norway (heath and meadow tundra)). Soil gross N cycling rates (mineralization, nitrification, immobilization of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-), and denitrification) were determined using a(15)N pool dilution. Potential denitrification activity (PDA) and nitrous oxide reductase activity (N2OR) were measured to assess denitrifying enzyme activities. The deepened snow treatment across all sites had a significant effect of the potential soil capacity of accelerating N cycling rates in late winter, including quadrupled gross nitrification, tripled NO3--N immobilization, and doubled denitrification as well as significantly enhanced late summer gross N mineralization, denitrification (two-fold) and NH4--N availability. The increase in gross N mineralization and nitrification rates were primarily driven by the availability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) across sites. The largest increases in winter DOC and DON concentrations due to deepened snow were observed at the two wetter sites (wet and mesic tundra), and N cycling rates were also more strongly affected by deepened snow at these two sites than at the three other drier sites. Together, these results suggest that the potential effects of deepened winter snow in stimulating microbial N-cycling activities will be most pronounced in relatively moist tundra ecosystems. Hence, this study provides support to prior observations that growing season biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic are sensitive to snow depth with altered nutrient availability for microorganisms and vegetation. It can be speculated that on the one hand growing season N availability will increase and promote plant growth, but on the other hand foster increased water- and gaseous (e.g. N-2 and N2O) N-losses with implications for overall nutrient status.[Xu, Wenyi; Prieme, Anders; Elberling, Bo; Ambus, Per Lennart] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; [Prieme, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; [Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Morsdorf, Martin Alfons] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Morsdorf, Martin Alfons] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol Geobot, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; [Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Semenchuk, Philipp] Univ Vienna, Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, AustriaUniversity of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Freiburg; Queens University - Canada; University of ViennaXu, WY (corresponding author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.wexu@ign.ku.dk; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Ambus, Per/B-2514-2015Xu, Wenyi/0000-0002-9516-4395; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Semenchuk, Philipp/0000-0002-1949-6427; Ambus, Per/0000-0001-7580-524XDanish National Research Foundation [DNRF100]; China Scholarship Council [201806140158]; Norwegian Research Council [230970]; University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS); UiT-The Arctic University of Norway; Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF19OC0057374] Funding Source: researchfishDanish National Research Foundation(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); China Scholarship Council(China Scholarship Council); Norwegian Research Council(Research Council of Norway); University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS); UiT-The Arctic University of Norway; Novo Nordisk Fonden(Novo Nordisk Foundation)We gratefully acknowledge funding provided for this project by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100) . Addi-tional funding was provided by China Scholarship Council (201806140158) , The Norwegian Research Council (project number 230970) , The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) and UiT-The Arctic University of Norway. Many thanks to Karin Clark and Liam Case (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of N. W.T.) for collecting and shipping the late winter Daring Lake soils; and to Qian Gu, Rhett Andruko and Yvette Chirinian (Queen's university) for collecting and shipping the late summer Daring Lake soils. Many thanks to Sabine B. Rumpf for help with active layer measurements in Svalbard. Finally, we would like to thank four journal reviewers for very helpful and constructive comments to this manuscript.9476<180 Day Usage Count>2172PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0038-07171879-3428SOIL BIOL BIOCHEMSoil Biol. Biochem.SEP2021160
108356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108356http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108356JUL 202113Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)AgricultureUL4OGGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-14WOS:0006926316000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMould BayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-123-2018
Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: talik formation and increased cold-season respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions
ArticleCRYOSPHERENORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC SOIL; CO2; TUNDRA; EXCHANGE; CYCLE; LATITUDES; STORAGEParazoo, NC; Koven, CD; Lawrence, DM; Romanovsky, V; Miller, CEParazoo, Nicholas C.; Koven, Charles D.; Lawrence, David M.; Romanovsky, Vladimir; Miller, Charles E.EnglishThaw and release of permafrost carbon (C) due to climate change is likely to offset increased vegetation C uptake in northern high-latitude (NHL) terrestrial ecosystems. Models project that this permafrost C feedback may act as a slow leak, in which case detection and attribution of the feedback may be difficult. The formation of talik, a subsurface layer of perennially thawed soil, can accelerate permafrost degradation and soil respiration, ultimately shifting the C balance of permafrost-affected ecosystems from long-term C sinks to long-term C sources. It is imperative to understand and characterize mechanistic links between talik, permafrost thaw, and respiration of deep soil C to detect and quantify the permafrost C feedback. Here, we use the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5, a permafrost and biogeochemistry model, in comparison to long-term deep borehole data along North American and Siberian transects, to investigate thaw-driven C sources in NHL (>55 degrees N) from 2000 to 2300. Widespread talik at depth is projected across most of the NHL permafrost region (14 million km(2)) by 2300, 6.2 million km(2) of which is projected to become a long-term C source, emitting 10 PgC by 2100, 50 PgC by 2200, and 120 PgC by 2300, with few signs of slowing. Roughly half of the projected C source region is in predominantly warm sub-Arctic permafrost following talik onset. This region emits only 20 PgC by 2300, but the CLM4.5 estimate may be biased low by not accounting for deep C in yedoma. Accelerated decomposition of deep soil C following talik onset shifts the ecosystem C balance away from surface dominant processes (photosynthesis and litter respiration), but sink-to-source transition dates are delayed by 20-200 years by high ecosystem productivity, such that talik peaks early (similar to 2050s, although borehole data suggest sooner) and C source transition peaks late (similar to 2150-2200). The remaining C source region in cold northern Arctic permafrost, which shifts to a net source early (late 21st century), emits 5 times more C (95 PgC) by 2300, and prior to talik formation due to the high decomposition rates of shallow, young C in organic-rich soils coupled with low productivity. Our results provide important clues signaling imminent talik onset and C source transition, including (1) late coldseason (January-February) soil warming at depth (similar to 2 m), (2) increasing cold-season emissions (November-April), and (3) enhanced respiration of deep, old C in warm permafrost and young, shallow C in organic-rich cold permafrost soils. Our results suggest a mosaic of processes that govern carbon source-to-sink transitions at high latitudes and emphasize the urgency of monitoring soil thermal profiles, organic C age and content, cold-season CO2 emissions, and atmospheric (CO2)-C-14 as key indicators of the permafrost C feedback.[Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Koven, Charles D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA; [Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [Romanovsky, Vladimir] Geophys Inst UAF, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USACalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USAParazoo, NC; Miller, CE (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.nicholas.c.parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov; charles.e.miller@jpl.nasa.govKoven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Lawrence, David M/C-4026-2011Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Lawrence, David M/0000-0002-2968-3023; Parazoo, Nicholas/0000-0002-4165-4532; Romanovsky, Vladimir/0000-0002-9515-2087US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research grant [DE-FC03-97ER62402/A0101]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Programs (NGEE-Arctic); Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1304271] Funding Source: National Science FoundationUS Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research grant(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy (DOE)(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Programs (NGEE-Arctic); Office of Science of the US Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)National Research Foundation of Korea); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP)(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))David M. Lawrence is supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research grant DE-FC03-97ER62402/A0101. Charles D. Koven is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling (BGC-Feedbacks SFA), and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Programs (NGEE-Arctic), and used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, also supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The CESM project is supported by the NSF and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by NSF and other agencies. Some of the research described in this paper was performed for CARVE, an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with NASA. A portion of this research was carried out at JPL, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.513333<180 Day Usage Count>129COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJAN 122018121123144
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-123-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-123-201822Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyFT0IAGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004228062000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater river environmentsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13600
Diversity of diatoms, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish varies in response to different environmental correlates in Arctic rivers across North America
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYbiodiversity monitoring; climate change; freshwater; latitudinal gradient; river ecologyFRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAM MACROINVERTEBRATES; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; CORNWALLIS ISLAND; COMMUNITIES; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONSLento, J; Laske, SM; Lavoie, I; Bogan, D; Brua, RB; Campeau, S; Chin, K; Culp, JM; Levenstein, B; Power, M; Saulnier-Talbot, E; Shaftel, R; Swanson, H; Whitman, M; Zimmerman, CELento, Jennifer; Laske, Sarah M.; Lavoie, Isabelle; Bogan, Daniel; Brua, Robert B.; Campeau, Stephane; Chin, Krista; Culp, Joseph M.; Levenstein, Brianna; Power, Michael; Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie; Shaftel, Rebecca; Swanson, Heidi; Whitman, Matthew; Zimmerman, Christian E.EnglishClimate change poses a significant threat to Arctic freshwater biodiversity, but impacts depend upon the strength of organism response to climate-related drivers. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge about Arctic freshwater biodiversity patterns to guide assessment, prediction, and management of biodiversity change. As part of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program's first freshwater assessment, we evaluated diversity of diatoms, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in North American Arctic rivers. Alpha diversity was assessed in relation to temperature, water chemistry, bedrock geology, and glaciation history to identify important environmental correlates. Biotic composition was compared among groups to evaluate response to environmental gradients. Macroinvertebrate alpha-diversity declined strongly with increasing latitude from 48 degrees N to 82 degrees N, whereas diatom and fish diversity peaked around 70 degrees N without a clear latitudinal decline. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly positively related to air temperature. Diatom diversity was related to bedrock geology and temperature, whereas fish diversity was related to glaciation history. Fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages differed between sites in western Canada, where invertebrate composition was more variable, and Alaska, where fish composition was more variable. In sites with both diatom and macroinvertebrate data, diatom composition was distinct in Alaska, where richness was highest in former glacial refugia. Macroinvertebrate composition was distinct in lowest-latitude eastern and high-latitude western Canadian sites where temperature was highest. Temperature, precipitation, geology, calcium, and substrate size were important environmental correlates for diatoms and macroinvertebrates, although the relative importance of each correlate differed. Diatom taxa were most strongly associated with water chemistry, whereas benthic invertebrate composition related most strongly to precipitation and temperature. This large-scale study provides the most substantial integration and analysis of river diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish data from the North American Arctic to date. Findings suggest that macroinvertebrates will show the strongest response to climate-related shifts in temperature, whereas diatoms and fish are more likely to respond to climate-induced shifts in nutrients and hydraulic connectivity. However, significant gaps in data coverage limited our ability to reliably evaluate spatial patterns and detect change. These gaps could be reduced by improving collaborative efforts between the U.S.A. and Canada to harmonise future monitoring.[Lento, Jennifer; Levenstein, Brianna] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Laske, Sarah M.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Lavoie, Isabelle] Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Bogan, Daniel; Shaftel, Rebecca] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Ctr Conservat Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Brua, Robert B.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Campeau, Stephane] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Environm Sci, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Chin, Krista] Govt Northwest Terr, Cumulat Impact Monitoring Program, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Power, Michael; Swanson, Heidi] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord CEN, Lab Paleoecol Aquat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Whitman, Matthew] US Bur Land Management, Arctic Dist Off, Fairbanks, AK USAUniversity of New Brunswick; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Waterloo; Laval UniversityLento, J (corresponding author), Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada.jlento@gmail.comShaftel, Rebecca/HNR-3645-2023; Lento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019Shaftel, Rebecca/0000-0002-4789-4211; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Laske, Sarah/0000-0002-6096-0420; Levenstein, Brianna/0000-0002-3776-193310266<180 Day Usage Count>1040WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI95115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13600http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.136002020-08-01 00:00:0021Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Submitted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005590034000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveTrail Valley Creek, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07561-1
Earlier snowmelt may lead to late season declines in plant productivity and carbon sequestration in Arctic tundra ecosystems
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSCO2 FLUX; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; GROWING-SEASON; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE; EXTENSION; PHENOLOGY; SNOWFALL; WETLANDSZona, D; Lafleur, PM; Hufkens, K; Bailey, B; Gioli, B; Burba, G; Goodrich, JP; Liljedahl, AK; Euskirchen, ES; Watts, JD; Farina, M; Kimball, JS; Heimann, M; Gockede, M; Pallandt, M; Christensen, TR; Mastepanov, M; Lopez-Blanco, E; Jackowicz-Korczynski, M; Dolman, AJ; Marchesini, LB; Commane, R; Wofsy, SC; Miller, CE; Lipson, DA; Hashemi, J; Arndt, KA; Kutzbach, L; Holl, D; Boike, J; Wille, C; Sachs, T; Kalhori, A; Song, X; Xu, XF; Humphreys, ER; Koven, CD; Sonnentag, O; Meyer, G; Gosselin, GH; Marsh, P; Oechel, WCZona, Donatella; Lafleur, Peter M.; Hufkens, Koen; Bailey, Barbara; Gioli, Beniamino; Burba, George; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Liljedahl, Anna K.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Farina, Mary; Kimball, John S.; Heimann, Martin; Goeckede, Mathias; Pallandt, Martijn; Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin; Dolman, Albertus J.; Marchesini, Luca Belelli; Commane, Roisin; Wofsy, Steven C.; Miller, Charles E.; Lipson, David A.; Hashemi, Josh; Arndt, Kyle A.; Kutzbach, Lars; Holl, David; Boike, Julia; Wille, Christian; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram; Song, Xia; Xu, Xiaofeng; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Koven, Charles D.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Meyer, Gesa; Gosselin, Gabriel H.; Marsh, Philip; Oechel, Walter C.EnglishArctic warming is affecting snow cover and soil hydrology, with consequences for carbon sequestration in tundra ecosystems. The scarcity of observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the impact of covarying environmental drivers on the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. In this study, we address some of these uncertainties through a novel record of 119 site-years of summer data from eddy covariance towers representing dominant tundra vegetation types located on continuous permafrost in the Arctic. Here we found that earlier snowmelt was associated with more tundra net CO2 sequestration and higher gross primary productivity (GPP) only in June and July, but with lower net carbon sequestration and lower GPP in August. Although higher evapotranspiration (ET) can result in soil drying with the progression of the summer, we did not find significantly lower soil moisture with earlier snowmelt, nor evidence that water stress affected GPP in the late growing season. Our results suggest that the expected increased CO2 sequestration arising from Arctic warming and the associated increase in growing season length may not materialize if tundra ecosystems are not able to continue sequestering CO2 later in the season.[Zona, Donatella; Bailey, Barbara; Lipson, David A.; Hashemi, Josh; Song, Xia; Xu, Xiaofeng; Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Sch Biosci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [Hufkens, Koen] INRA, UMR ISPA 1391, 71 Ave Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave Dornon, France; [Hufkens, Koen] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; [Gioli, Beniamino] Natl Res Council CNR, IBE, Inst BioEcon, Via Giovanni Caproni 8, I-50145 Florence, Italy; [Burba, George] LI COR Biosci, 4421 Super St, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA; [Burba, George] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Robert B Daugherty Water Food Global Inst, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA; [Goodrich, Jordan P.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth Sci, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; [Liljedahl, Anna K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Liljedahl, Anna K.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Farina, Mary] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Watts, Jennifer D.; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Heimann, Martin; Goeckede, Mathias; Pallandt, Martijn] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Heimann, Martin] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res INAR Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2b,00560,POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Ecosci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail] Oulu Univ, Oulanka Res Stn, Kuusamo, Finland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Environm & Minerals, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Dolman, Albertus J.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Texel, Netherlands; [Marchesini, Luca Belelli] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, Via E Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele All Adige, TN, Italy; [Marchesini, Luca Belelli] RUDN Univ, Agr Technol Inst, Moscow 117198, Russia; [Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Arndt, Kyle A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, 8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Kutzbach, Lars; Holl, David] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Permafrost Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Wille, Christian; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Koven, Charles D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab LBNL, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver; Meyer, Gesa; Gosselin, Gabriel H.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 1375 Ave Therese Lavoie Roux, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2S 3C5, Canada; [Oechel, Walter C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Dept Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, EnglandCalifornia State University System; San Diego State University; University of Sheffield; Trent University; INRAE; Ghent University; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE-CNR); University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Waikato; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Max Planck Society; University of Helsinki; Aarhus University; University of Oulu; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Lund University; Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Fondazione Edmund Mach; Peoples Friendship University of Russia; Columbia University; Harvard University; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Hamburg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Carleton University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Universite de Montreal; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of ExeterZona, D (corresponding author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.;Zona, D (corresponding author), Univ Sheffield, Sch Biosci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.dzona@sdsu.eduHeimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; López-Blanco, Efrén/ABA-9934-2020; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Belelli Marchesini, Luca/M-3554-2014; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Holl, David/D-9624-2018; Wille, Christian/J-3657-2013; Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; Mastepanov, Mikhail/G-1235-2016Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; López-Blanco, Efrén/0000-0002-3796-8408; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Belelli Marchesini, Luca/0000-0001-8408-4675; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Meyer, Gesa/0000-0003-3199-5250; Holl, David/0000-0002-9269-7030; Kalhori, Aram/0000-0002-0652-8987; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Wille, Christian/0000-0003-0930-6527; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Mastepanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-5543-0302; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) [1204263, 1702797]; NSF Office of Polar Programs; NASA Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation; NASA ABoVE [NNX15AT74A, NNX16AF94A]; NASA [NNH17ZDA001N-NIP]; European Union [727890]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS [NE/P002552/1]; NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) [NA16SEC4810008]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NM0018D0004]; NASA [905081, NNX16AF94A, 796799, NNX15AT74A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTEROffice of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSF Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation; NASA ABoVE; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); European Union(European Commission); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))The complete list of funding bodies that supported this study is included in the SI Appendix. DZ, WCO, XX, and DAL acknowledge support from the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) (award number 1204263, and 1702797) with additional logistical support funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs, from the NASA Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and from the NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program. JDW acknowledges support from NASA NNH17ZDA001N-NIP. The Alaskan sites are located on land owned by the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation (UIC). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 727890, and by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), and from the NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative Agreement Grant # NA16SEC4810008. Part of the analysis was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004).6277<180 Day Usage Count>1221NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepMAR 212022121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07561-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07561-110Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsZX0JS35314726Green Published, Green Submitted, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0007715890000340 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllMackenzie River and Mackenzie basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020179
Effects of Climatic Drivers and Teleconnections on Late 20th Century Trends in Spring Freshet of Four Major Arctic-Draining Rivers
ArticleWATERArctic; spring freshet; hydro-climatology; streamflow; teleconnections; atmospheric circulationAhmed, R; Prowse, T; Dibike, Y; Bonsal, BAhmed, Roxanne; Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas; Bonsal, BarrieEnglishSpring freshet is the dominant annual discharge event in all major Arctic draining rivers with large contributions to freshwater inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Research has shown that the total freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean has been increasing, while at the same time, the rate of change in the Arctic climate is significantly higher than in other parts of the globe. This study assesses the large-scale atmospheric and surface climatic conditions affecting the magnitude, timing and regional variability of the spring freshets by analyzing historic daily discharges from sub-basins within the four largest Arctic-draining watersheds (Mackenzie, Ob, Lena and Yenisei). Results reveal that climatic variations closely match the observed regional trends of increasing cold-season flows and earlier freshets. Flow regulation appears to suppress the effects of climatic drivers on freshet volume but does not have a significant impact on peak freshet magnitude or timing measures. Spring freshet characteristics are also influenced by El Nino-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, particularly in their positive phases. The majority of significant relationships are found in unregulated stations. This study provides a key insight into the climatic drivers of observed trends in freshet characteristics, whilst clarifying the effects of regulation versus climate at the sub-basin scale.[Ahmed, Roxanne; Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas; Bonsal, Barrie] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas] Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreDibike, Y (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.;Dibike, Y (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.roxannea@uvic.ca; prowset@uvic.ca; yonas.dibike@canada.ca; barrie.bonsal@canada.caDibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708ArcticNet funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)ArcticNet funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)This work was partially supported by a Discovery Grant and ArcticNet funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) to one of the co-authors.4722<180 Day Usage Count>14MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterJAN2021132
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020179http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1302017930Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesPY0YTGreen Published, gold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006117765000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158091
Emerging solute-induced mineralization in Arctic rivers under climate warming
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTRiver mineralization; Riverine solute exports; Arctic rivers; Permafrost degradation; Climate warmingDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; WATER; SEDIMENT; NUTRIENTS; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY; STREAMFLOW; TERRITORY; CHEMISTRY; PATHWAYS; IMPACTSLiu, SQ; Wang, PLiu, Shiqi; Wang, PingEnglishPermafrost degradation under a warming climate is accelerating the hydrological processes in Arctic river basins. However, corresponding changes in river mineralization, riverine solute exports and their potential influencing factors are not fully understood. In this study, we selected six major Arctic rivers (Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers) with different permafrost extents, meteorological conditions and hydrological regimes to reveal the changes in river mineralization and riverine solute exports using ArcticGRO sampling data from 2003 to 2019. Our results indicate that solute-induced river mineralization has already been observed in the Lena, Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers during 2003-2019. The annual flux of total dissolved solids (TDS; a key parameter of drinking water quality), calculated by the Load Estimator (LOADEST) program, from these six rivers was approximately 295.24 +/- 12.50 Tg, with the Ob, Kolyma and Yukon Rivers exhibiting significant increasing trends (p < 0.05) at rates of 4.38 Tg/10 yr, 1.62 Tg/10 yr and 3.03 Tg/10 yr, respectively. Climate-induced changes in hydrological regimes regulate riverine solute exports, with relatively higher TDS concentrations in the groundwater-dominated winter low-flow season and lower TDS concentrations under the dilution of groundwater by snowmelt spring floods and summer precipitation events. The riverine solute fluxes with higher TDS concentrations (e.g., those of the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers) increased more rapidly (similar to 0.14 Tg/km(3)) with changes in river discharge; however, the TDS concentrations were more sensitive to climate warming in continuous permafrost-dominated colder basins (i.e., the Kolyma and Lena River basins) than in other relatively warmer basins. Our results suggest that riverine solute exports are likely affected by permafrost thaw-induced changes in hydrogeological processes, which are tightly associated with increases in active layer thickness and enhanced groundwater discharge to rivers. Under a warming climate, riverine solute exports in Arctic rivers are expected to increase with intensifying groundwater-surface water exchanges.[Liu, Shiqi; Wang, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Wang, Ping] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CASWang, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.wangping@igsnrr.ac.cnWang, Ping/ACH-8897-2022Wang, Ping/0000-0003-2481-9953National Natural Science Foundation of China [E1C10060AE, 42061134017]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [O7Z76095Z1]National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(China Postdoctoral Science Foundation)This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. E1C10060AE, 42061134017) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. O7Z76095Z1). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Associate Editor, Jose Virgilio Cruz, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which have led to substantial improvements over an earlier version of the manuscript. We also thank our colleagues Tianye Wang, Jingjie Yu, Qiwei Huang, and Zongxu Yu for their advice. The Arctic watershed boundaries, Daily ArcticGRO discharge data and the Water Quality Dataset are accessible at https://arcticgreatrivers.org/data/. Ground Temperature Map, 2000-2016, Northern Hemisphere Permafrost, is accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.888600. ESA Permafrost Climate Change Initiative (Permafrost_cci): Permafrost ground temperature for the Northern Hemisphere, v2.0, is available at https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/6ebcb73158b14cd5a321b7c0bc6ed393.8100<180 Day Usage Count>55ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 1020228511
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158091http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1580912022-08-01 00:00:0011Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology5W4XX359855802023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008779199000100 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.06.002
Export of nutrients and suspended solids from major Arctic rivers and their response to permafrost degradation
ArticleADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCHArctic rivers; Carbonate; Nutrients; Total suspended solids; PermafrostGULF-OF-MEXICO; ORGANIC-MATTER; RUSSIAN RIVERS; CARBON; CLIMATE; OCEAN; SEDIMENT; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGENZhang, SM; Mu, CC; Li, ZL; Dong, WW; Wang, XY; Streletskaya, I; Grebenets, V; Sokratov, S; Kizyakov, A; Wu, XDZhang Shu-Min; Mu Cui-Cui; Li Zhi-Long; Dong Wen-Wen; Wang Xing-Yu; Streletskaya, Irina; Grebenets, Valery; Sokratov, Sergey; Kizyakov, Alexander; Wu Xiao-DongEnglishThe rapid warming of the Arctic has led to permafrost degradation, accelerating the transport of terrestrial materials by rivers. The quantitative assessment of riverine nutrients and total suspended solids (TSS) flux is important to clarify the land-ocean connections in the Arctic. However, much is unknown about the estimates of these components from direct measurements in the Arctic rivers and the response of the components to permafrost degradation. Here, we report the results from the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (Arctic-GRO) for the six major Arctic rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, Yukon, and Kolyma) to investigate the riverine exports of TSS, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate (NO3-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and phosphate (PO43-). The results showed that from 2004 to 2017, the annual TSS, TDN, and NO3- exports to the Arctic Ocean were approximately 106,026 Gg, 692 Gg, and 130 Gg, respectively, and the HCO3-, TDP, and PO43- exports were approximately 79,092 Gg, 32 Gg, and 18 Gg, respectively. There were remarkable variations in component concentrations and fluxes between seasons. More than 80% of the TDN, TDP, PO43-, and TSS exports mainly occurred in spring and summer, and a high HCO3- flux was recorded in summer, while a high NO3- flux in some rivers occurred in winter. The active layer thickness was significantly positively correlated with the annual TDN, NO3- and HCO3- exports. In addition, the HCO(3)(-)flux of the six Arctic rivers increased by 247 Gg per year during 2004-2017. The positive relationship between the active layer thickness and river discharge indicates that permafrost degradation accelerated riverine carbonate, nitrogen, and phosphorus exports. This study demonstrates that riverine exports play an important role both in the Arctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and permafrost degradation will likely increase the riverine material exports to the ocean.[Zhang Shu-Min; Mu Cui-Cui; Dong Wen-Wen; Wang Xing-Yu] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China; [Mu Cui-Cui] Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, Peoples R China; [Mu Cui-Cui; Wu Xiao-Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resource, State Key Lab Cryospher Sci, Cryosphere Res Stn Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China; [Mu Cui-Cui] Univ Cooperat Polar Res, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China; [Streletskaya, Irina; Grebenets, Valery; Sokratov, Sergey; Kizyakov, Alexander] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Geog Fac, Moscow 119991, RussiaLanzhou University; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMu, CC (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.mucc@lzu.edu.cnKizyakov, Alexander I/L-6727-2015; Sokratov, Sergey A/A-6602-2011Kizyakov, Alexander I/0000-0003-4912-1850; Sokratov, Sergey A/0000-0001-9265-2935National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFA0607003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41941015, 32061143032]; West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Russian Fund for Basic Research [18-05-60080, AAAA-A16-116032810095-6]National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Russian Fund for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR))This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0607003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41941015, 32061143032), the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Russian Fund for Basic Research (18-05-60080) and State topic N AAAA-A16-116032810095-6.4955<180 Day Usage Count>618SCIENCE PRESSBEIJING16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING, 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA1674-9278ADV CLIM CHANG RESAdv. Clim. Chang. Res.AUG2021124SI466474
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.06.002http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2021.06.0029Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesUN5ISgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006940502000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveSnap Lake, Lac de GrasNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13783
First circumpolar assessment of Arctic freshwater phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity: Spatial patterns and environmental factors
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYalpha diversity; beta diversity; ecoregions; latitude; taxonomic richness; temperatureHIGH-LATITUDE LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPECIES RICHNESS; BETA DIVERSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; COMMUNITIES; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOREGIONS; NESTEDNESSSchartau, AK; Mariash, HL; Christoffersen, KS; Bogan, D; Dubovskaya, OP; Fefilova, EB; Hayden, B; Ingvason, HR; Ivanova, EA; Kononova, ON; Kravchuk, ES; Lento, J; Majaneva, M; Novichkova, AA; Rautio, M; Ruhland, KM; Shaftel, R; Smol, JP; Vrede, T; Kahilainen, KKSchartau, Ann Kristin; Mariash, Heather L.; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Bogan, Daniel; Dubovskaya, Olga P.; Fefilova, Elena B.; Hayden, Brian; Ingvason, Haraldur R.; Ivanova, Elena A.; Kononova, Olga N.; Kravchuk, Elena S.; Lento, Jennifer; Majaneva, Markus; Novichkova, Anna A.; Rautio, Milla; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Shaftel, Rebecca; Smol, John P.; Vrede, Tobias; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.EnglishArctic freshwaters are facing multiple environmental pressures, including rapid climate change and increasing land-use activities. Freshwater plankton assemblages are expected to reflect the effects of these stressors through shifts in species distributions and changes to biodiversity. These changes may occur rapidly due to the short generation times and high dispersal capabilities of both phyto- and zooplankton. Spatial patterns and contemporary trends in plankton diversity throughout the circumpolar region were assessed using data from more than 300 lakes in the U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to assess spatial patterns of plankton diversity focusing on pelagic communities; (2) to assess dominant component of beta diversity (turnover or nestedness); (3) to identify which environmental factors best explain diversity; and (4) to provide recommendations for future monitoring and assessment of freshwater plankton communities across the Arctic region. Phytoplankton and crustacean zooplankton diversity varied substantially across the Arctic and was positively related to summer air temperature. However, for zooplankton, the positive correlation between summer temperature and species numbers decreased with increasing latitude. Taxonomic richness was lower in the high Arctic compared to the sub- and low Arctic for zooplankton but this pattern was less clear for phytoplankton. Fennoscandia and inland regions of Russia represented hotspots for, respectively, phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity, whereas isolated regions had lower taxonomic richness. Ecoregions with high alpha diversity generally also had high beta diversity, and turnover was the most important component of beta diversity in all ecoregions. For both phytoplankton and zooplankton, climatic variables were the most important environmental factors influencing diversity patterns, consistent with previous studies that examined shorter temperature gradients. However, barriers to dispersal may have also played a role in limiting diversity on islands. A better understanding of how diversity patterns are determined by colonisation history, environmental variables, and biotic interactions requires more monitoring data with locations dispersed evenly across the circumpolar Arctic. Furthermore, the importance of turnover in regional diversity patterns indicates that more extensive sampling is required to fully characterise the species pool of Arctic lakes.[Schartau, Ann Kristin] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Songsveien 68, NO-0855 Oslo, Norway; [Mariash, Heather L.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Freshwater Biol Sect, Dept Biol, Copenhagen O, Denmark; [Bogan, Daniel; Shaftel, Rebecca] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Ctr Conservat Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Dubovskaya, Olga P.; Kravchuk, Elena S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk Sci Ctr, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Dubovskaya, Olga P.; Ivanova, Elena A.] Siberian Fed Univ, Inst Fundamental Biol & Biotechnol, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Fefilova, Elena B.; Kononova, Olga N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Ural Branch, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Hayden, Brian; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Hayden, Brian; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Ingvason, Haraldur R.] Nat Hist Museum Kopavogur, Kopavogur, Iceland; [Majaneva, Markus] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Trondheim, Norway; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Gen Ecol & Hydrobiol, Moscow, Russia; [Novichkova, Anna A.] State Nat Reserve Wrangel Isl, Pevek, Chukotka Autono, Russia; [Rautio, Milla] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Dept Sci Fondamentales, Saguenay, PQ, Canada; [Rautio, Milla] Univ Laval, Ctr Northern Studies CEN, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Vrede, Tobias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Kahilainen, Kimmo K.] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Lammi, FinlandNorwegian Institute Nature Research; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; University of Copenhagen; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Biophysics Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Federal University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Lomonosov Moscow State University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Chicoutimi; Laval University; Queens University - Canada; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of HelsinkiSchartau, AK (corresponding author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Songsveien 68, NO-0855 Oslo, Norway.ann.schartau@nina.noShaftel, Rebecca/HNR-3645-2023; Lento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014Shaftel, Rebecca/0000-0002-4789-4211; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Kahilainen, Kimmo/0000-0002-1539-014X; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017; Hayden, Brian/0000-0002-8524-7373; Schartau, Ann Kristin/0000-0001-6875-6136RFBR [20-04-00145_a]RFBR(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR))RFBR, Grant/Award Number: 20-04-00145_a7655<180 Day Usage Count>729WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI141158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13783http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.137832021-06-01 00:00:0018Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0006651090000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveMackenzie Delta, area between Yellowknife and ContwoytoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3917-2021
First pan-Arctic assessment of dissolved organic carbon in lakes of the permafrost region
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMOKARST LAKES; GROUND ICE; MATTER; RELEASE; WATER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; LANDSCAPESStolpmann, L; Coch, C; Morgenstern, A; Boike, J; Fritz, M; Herzschuh, U; Stoof-Leichsenring, K; Dvornikov, Y; Heim, B; Lenz, J; Larsen, A; Anthony, KW; Jones, B; Frey, K; Grosse, GStolpmann, Lydia; Coch, Caroline; Morgenstern, Anne; Boike, Julia; Fritz, Michael; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen; Dvornikov, Yury; Heim, Birgit; Lenz, Josefine; Larsen, Amy; Anthony, Katey Walter; Jones, Benjamin; Frey, Karen; Grosse, GuidoEnglishLakes in permafrost regions are dynamic landscape components and play an important role for climate change feedbacks. Lake processes such as mineralization and flocculation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the main carbon fractions in lakes, contribute to the greenhouse effect and are part of the global carbon cycle. These processes are in the focus of climate research, but studies so far are limited to specific study regions. In our synthesis, we analyzed 2167 water samples from 1833 lakes across the Arctic in permafrost regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia to provide first pan-Arctic insights for linkages between DOC concentrations and the environment. Using published data and unpublished datasets from the author team, we report regional DOC differences linked to latitude, permafrost zones, ecoregions, geology, near-surface soil organic carbon contents, and ground ice classification of each lake region. The lake DOC concentrations in our dataset range from 0 to 1130 mg L-1 (10.8 mg L-1 median DOC concentration). Regarding the permafrost regions of our synthesis, we found median lake DOC concentrations of 12.4 mg L-1 (Siberia), 12.3 mg L-1 (Alaska), 10.3 mg L-1 (Greenland), and 4.5 mg L-1 (Canada). Our synthesis shows a significant relationship between lake DOC concentration and lake ecoregion. We found higher lake DOC concentrations at boreal permafrost sites compared to tundra sites. We found significantly higher DOC concentrations in lakes in regions with ice-rich syngenetic permafrost deposits (yedoma) compared to non-yedoma lakes and a weak but significant relationship between soil organic carbon content and lake DOC concentration as well as between ground ice content and lake DOC. Our pan-Arctic dataset shows that the DOC concentration of a lake depends on its environmental properties, especially on permafrost extent and ecoregion, as well as vegetation, which is the most important driver of lake DOC in this study. This new dataset will be fundamental to quantify a pan-Arctic lake DOC pool for estimations of the impact of lake DOC on the global carbon cycle and climate change.[Stolpmann, Lydia; Coch, Caroline; Morgenstern, Anne; Boike, Julia; Fritz, Michael; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen; Heim, Birgit; Lenz, Josefine; Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Stolpmann, Lydia; Coch, Caroline; Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Coch, Caroline] Living Planet Ctr, World Wildlife Fund, Woking, Surrey, England; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Berlin, Germany; [Herzschuh, Ulrike] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, Potsdam, Germany; [Herzschuh, Ulrike] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci Geoecol, Potsdam, Germany; [Dvornikov, Yury] Peoples Friendship Univ Russia, Agr Technol Inst, Moscow, Russia; [Lenz, Josefine; Anthony, Katey Walter] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Larsen, Amy] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Natl Pk & Preserve, Yukon Charley Rivers Natl Preserve & Gates, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Jones, Benjamin] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Frey, Karen] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USAHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Potsdam; University of Potsdam; Peoples Friendship University of Russia; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of the Interior; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Clark UniversityStolpmann, L (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany.;Stolpmann, L (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.lydia.stolpmann@awi.deDvornikov, Yury/J-5087-2016; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Morgenstern, Anne/N-3648-2015; Fritz, Michael/AAS-4704-2020; Boike, Julia/R-4766-2016; Heim, Birgit/B-2815-2017Dvornikov, Yury/0000-0003-3491-4487; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Morgenstern, Anne/0000-0002-6466-7571; Fritz, Michael/0000-0003-4591-7325; Boike, Julia/0000-0002-5875-2112; Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R./0000-0002-6609-3217; Heim, Birgit/0000-0003-2614-9391; Herzschuh, Ulrike/0000-0003-0999-1261; Stolpmann, Lydia/0000-0002-2388-9848; Coch, Caroline/0000-0002-7589-7735University of Potsdam; European Research Council [338335]; National Science Foundation [OPP-1107481, OPP-1806213]University of Potsdam; European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))This study was supported by a PhD stipend of the University of Potsdam awarded to Lydia Stolpmann. This research has further been supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 338335) and the National Science Foundation (grant nos. OPP-1107481 and OPP-1806213).7778<180 Day Usage Count>617COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesJUN 302021181239173936
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3917-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3917-202120Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyTE1FTGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0006697634000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMelville Ice CapNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2ed
Global sea-level contribution from Arctic land ice: 1971-2017
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSsea-level; land ice; mass-balance; glaciology; climatology; climate changeAXEL-HEIBERG ISLAND; GLACIER MASS CHANGE; WHITE GLACIER; CLIMATE; BALANCE; RISE; SHEET; SVALBARD; DRIVEN; CANADABox, JE; Colgan, WT; Wouters, B; Burgess, DO; O'Neel, S; Thomson, LI; Mernild, SHBox, Jason E.; Colgan, William T.; Wouters, Bert; Burgess, David O.; O'Neel, Shad; Thomson, Laura I.; Mernild, Sebastian H.EnglishThe Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP2017) report identifies the Arctic as the largest regional source of land ice to global sea-level rise in the 2003-2014 period. Yet, this contextualization ignores the longer perspective from in situ records of glacier mass balance. Here, using 17 (>55 degrees N latitude) glacier and ice capmass balance series in the 1971-2017 period, we develop a semi-empirical estimate of annual sea-level contribution from seven Arctic regions by scaling the in situ records to GRACE averages. We contend that our estimate represents the most accurate Arctic land ice mass balance assessment so far available before the 1992 start of satellite altimetry. We estimate the 1971-2017 eustatic sea-level contribution from land ice north of similar to 55 degrees N to be 23.0 +/- 12.3 mm sea-level equivalent (SLE). In all regions, the cumulative sea-level rise curves exhibit an acceleration, starting especially after 1988. Greenland is the source of 46% of the Arctic sea-level rise contribution (10.6 +/- 7.3mm), followed by Alaska (5.7 +/- 2.2mm), Arctic Canada (3.2 +/- 0.7mm) and the Russian High Arctic (1.5 +/- 0.4mm). Our annual results exhibit co-variability over a 43 year overlap (1971-2013) with the alternative dataset of Marzeion et al (2015 Cryosphere 9 2399-404) (M15). However, we find a 1.36 x lower sea-level contribution, in agreement with satellite gravimetry. The IPCC Fifth Assessment report identified constraining the pre-satellite era sea-level budget as a topic of low scientific understanding that we address and specify sea-level contributions coinciding with IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) 'present day' (2005-2015) and 'recent past' (1986-2005) reference periods. We assess an Arctic land ice loss of 8.3 mm SLE during the recent past and 12.4mm SLE during the present day. The seven regional sea-level rise contribution time series of this study are available from AMAP.no.[Box, Jason E.; Colgan, William T.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Wouters, Bert] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands; [Wouters, Bert] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Delft, Netherlands; [Burgess, David O.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [O'Neel, Shad] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Thomson, Laura I.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway; [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Sogndal, Norway; [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Univ Magallanes, Direct Antarctic & Subantarctic Programs, Punta Arenas, ChileGeological Survey Of Denmark & Greenland; Utrecht University; Delft University of Technology; Natural Resources Canada; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Queens University - Canada; Nansen Environmental & Remote Sensing Center (NERSC); Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Universidad de MagallanesBox, JE (corresponding author), Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark.jeb@geus.dkWouters, Bert/A-5301-2017; Wouters, Bert/AAA-4254-2019; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; Box, Jason E/AAE-1654-2019; Mernild, Sebastian H./M-5516-2013; Colgan, William/H-1570-2014Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435; Wouters, Bert/0000-0002-1086-2435; Box, Jason/0000-0003-0052-8705; Box, Jason E/0000-0003-0052-8705; Thomson, Laura/0000-0003-4753-7924; Mernild, Sebastian H./0000-0003-0797-3975; O'Neel, Shad/0000-0002-9185-0144; Colgan, William/0000-0001-6334-1660Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP); Network on Arctic Glaciology (NAG) of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) under the Danish Ministry of Energy, Buildings and Climate; Danish Council for Independent research [4002-00234]; Geological Survey of Canada; NWO VIDI [016.Vidi.171.065]Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP); Network on Arctic Glaciology (NAG) of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) under the Danish Ministry of Energy, Buildings and Climate; Danish Council for Independent research(Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)); Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); NWO VIDI(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO))This work is developed in support of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) and under the framework of the Network on Arctic Glaciology (NAG) of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC). Financing for this study is primarily by DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) under the Danish Ministry of Energy, Buildings and Climate and The Danish Council for Independent research under project 4002-00234. Support to DB was provided by the Geological Survey of Canada, with field logistics for collection of mass balance data in the Canadian Arctic provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Project, NRCAN. BW was funded NWO VIDI grant 016.Vidi.171.065. We are very grateful for constructive critique and comments from: two anonymous reviewers; Chris Larsen of University of Alaska, Fairbanks and Sharon Smith from the Geological Survey of Canada.614747<180 Day Usage Count>435IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.DEC20181312
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2edhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf2ed11Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHF6ASGreen Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004543166000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5207
Growth rings show limited evidence for ungulates' potential to suppress shrubs across the Arctic
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic; browsing; climate change; dendroecology; herbivory; shrub; tundraDEEPER SNOW; SPECIES RICHNESS; NORTHERN NUNAVIK; TUNDRA; CLIMATE; EXPANSION; REINDEER; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; VEGETATIONVuorinen, KEM; Austrheim, G; Tremblay, JP; Myers-Smith, IH; Hortman, HI; Frank, P; Barrio, IC; Dalerum, F; Bjorkman, MP; Bjork, RG; Ehrich, D; Sokolov, A; Sokolova, N; Ropars, P; Boudreau, S; Normand, S; Prendin, AL; Schmidt, NM; Pacheco-Solana, A; Post, E; John, C; Kerby, J; Sullivan, PF; Le Moullec, M; Hansen, BB; van der Wal, R; Pedersen, AO; Sandal, L; Gough, L; Young, A; Li, BX; Magnusson, RI; Sass-Klaassen, U; Buchwal, A; Welker, J; Grogan, P; Andruko, R; Morrissette-Boileau, C; Volkovitskiy, A; Terekhina, A; Speed, JDMVuorinen, Katariina E. M.; Austrheim, Gunnar; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Hortman, Hans, I; Frank, Peter; Barrio, Isabel C.; Dalerum, Fredrik; Bjorkman, Mats P.; Bjork, Robert G.; Ehrich, Dorothee; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalya; Ropars, Pascale; Boudreau, Stephane; Normand, Signe; Prendin, Angela L.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Pacheco-Solana, Arturo; Post, Eric; John, Christian; Kerby, Jeff; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Le Moullec, Mathilde; Hansen, Brage B.; van der Wal, Rene; Pedersen, Ashild O.; Sandal, Lisa; Gough, Laura; Young, Amanda; Li, Bingxi; Magnusson, Runa, I; Sass-Klaassen, Ute; Buchwal, Agata; Welker, Jeffrey; Grogan, Paul; Andruko, Rhett; Morrissette-Boileau, Clara; Volkovitskiy, Alexander; Terekhina, Alexandra; Speed, James D. M.EnglishGlobal warming has pronounced effects on tundra vegetation, and rising mean temperatures increase plant growth potential across the Arctic biome. Herbivores may counteract the warming impacts by reducing plant growth, but the strength of this effect may depend on prevailing regional climatic conditions. To study how ungulates interact with temperature to influence growth of tundra shrubs across the Arctic tundra biome, we assembled dendroecological data from 20 sites, comprising 1153 individual shrubs and 223 63 annual growth rings. Evidence for ungulates suppressing shrub radial growth was only observed at intermediate summer temperatures (6.5 degrees C-9 degrees C), and even at these temperatures the effect was not strong. Multiple factors, including forage preferences and landscape use by the ungulates, and favourable climatic conditions enabling effective compensatory growth of shrubs, may weaken the effects of ungulates on shrubs, possibly explaining the weakness of observed ungulate effects. Earlier local studies have shown that ungulates may counteract the impacts of warming on tundra shrub growth, but we demonstrate that ungulates' potential to suppress shrub radial growth is not always evident, and may be limited to certain climatic conditions.[Vuorinen, Katariina E. M.; Austrheim, Gunnar; Hortman, Hans, I; Frank, Peter; Speed, James D. M.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Dept Nat Hist, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Boudreau, Stephane] Laval Univ, Dept Biol, 1045 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Ctr Forest Res, 8888 Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Boudreau, Stephane] Laval Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, 2405 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Barrio, Isabel C.] Agr Univ Iceland, Fac Environm & Forest Sci, Arleyni 22, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Dalerum, Fredrik] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Dalerum, Fredrik] Spanish Natl Res Council, Biodivers Res Inst, CSIC, UO,PA, Mieres 33600, Spain; [Dalerum, Fredrik] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa; [Bjorkman, Mats P.; Bjork, Robert G.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, POB 460, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Bjorkman, Mats P.; Bjork, Robert G.] Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, POB 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Ehrich, Dorothee] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolova, Natalya; Volkovitskiy, Alexander; Terekhina, Alexandra] Russian Acad Sci, Arctic Res Stn Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ural Branch, Zelenaya Gorka 21, Labytnangi 629400, Russia; [Ropars, Pascale] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Chaire Rech Canada Biodiversite Nord, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Ropars, Pascale] McGill Univ, Ctr Indigenous PeoplesNutr & Environm, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Normand, Signe; Prendin, Angela L.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol, Ecoinformat & Biodivers, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; [Normand, Signe; Prendin, Angela L.] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World, Dept Biol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Ecosci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Pacheco-Solana, Arturo] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst Tree Ring Lab Lamont Doherty Earth Obs, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Post, Eric; John, Christian] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Kerby, Jeff] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Inst Adv Studies, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Le Moullec, Mathilde; Hansen, Brage B.; Sandal, Lisa] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Biodivers Dynam, Dept Biol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Hansen, Brage B.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Dept Terr Ecol, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway; [van der Wal, Rene] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Ulls Vag 16, S-75651 Uppsala, Sweden; [Pedersen, Ashild O.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Biodivers Sect, Fram Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Gough, Laura] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA; [Young, Amanda] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Tool Field Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Li, Bingxi; Magnusson, Runa, I] Wageningen Univ, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Sass-Klaassen, Ute] Wageningen Univ, Forest Ecol & Management Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Buchwal, Agata] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Geoecol & Geoinformat, B Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu 940014, Finland; [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Arctic UArct, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Grogan, Paul; Andruko, Rhett] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Morrissette-Boileau, Clara] Kativ Reg Govt, Nunav Pk, POB 9, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, CanadaNorwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Laval University; Laval University; University of Edinburgh; Stockholm University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); University of Pretoria; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; McGill University; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Aarhus University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Norwegian Polar Institute; University System of Maryland; Towson University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wageningen University & Research; Wageningen University & Research; Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Oulu; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Queens University - CanadaVuorinen, KEM (corresponding author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Dept Nat Hist, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.katariina.vuorinen@ntnu.noBarrio, Isabel C/F-8566-2010; Björk, Robert/I-9772-2019; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Sokolov, Aleksandr/P-3421-2017; Sokolova, Natalia/Q-8905-2018; Vuorinen, Katariina/HGU-9348-2022; Hansen, Brage Bremset/B-9942-2008Barrio, Isabel C/0000-0002-8120-5248; Björk, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Sokolov, Aleksandr/0000-0002-1521-3856; Sokolova, Natalia/0000-0002-6692-4375; Boudreau, Stephane/0000-0002-1035-6452; Kerby, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2739-9096; PRENDIN, ANGELA LUISA/0000-0002-5809-7314; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-0978-529X; Hansen, Brage Bremset/0000-0001-8763-4361; Le Moullec, Mathilde/0000-0002-3290-7091; Pacheco-Solana, Arturo/0000-0001-7049-7364Research Council of Norway [262064, 223257, 216051, 276080]; Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknasjoour) [152468-051]; Russian Fund of Basic Research [18-05-60261]; terrestrial flagship of the Fram Centre [362259]; National Geographic Society for Research and Exploration; National Science Foundation (United States), Office of Polar Programs [OPP-1108425, OPP-1107381]; National Science Foundation (United States), Division of Environmental Biology [DEB-0217259, DEB-0415843]; European Union [754513]; Aarhus University Research Foundation; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, FORMAS [214-2010-1411]; Swedish Research Council, VR [621-2014-5315]; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norwegian Polar Institute; Polish-US Fulbright Commission; National Science Foundation-Arctic Observing Network; Arctic LTER (US National Science Foundation) [1637459]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec; ArcticNet; Hydro Quebec; Glencore; Federation des pourvoiries du Quebec inc.; Makivik Corporation; NSERC Discovery Grant; USRA Grant; Villum Young Investigator Programme [VKR023456]; UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant [NE/M016323/1]; Canadian Centennial Scholarship Fund; Darwin Center for Biogeosciences, Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research (WIMEK); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [864.09.014]; NWO Earth and Life Sciences [ALWPP. 2016.008]; Toolik Field Station Environmental Data Center; State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game; NSERC; NERC [NE/M016323/1] Funding Source: UKRIResearch Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknasjoour); Russian Fund of Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); terrestrial flagship of the Fram Centre; National Geographic Society for Research and Exploration(National Geographic Society); National Science Foundation (United States), Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation (United States), Division of Environmental Biology(National Science Foundation (NSF)); European Union(European Commission); Aarhus University Research Foundation; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, FORMAS(Swedish Research Council Formas); Swedish Research Council, VR(Swedish Research Council); Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norwegian Polar Institute; Polish-US Fulbright Commission; National Science Foundation-Arctic Observing Network(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Arctic LTER (US National Science Foundation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec; ArcticNet; Hydro Quebec; Glencore; Federation des pourvoiries du Quebec inc.; Makivik Corporation; NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); USRA Grant; Villum Young Investigator Programme; UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Canadian Centennial Scholarship Fund; Darwin Center for Biogeosciences, Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research (WIMEK); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); NWO Earth and Life Sciences; Toolik Field Station Environmental Data Center; State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))The core funding for the study was provided by the Research Council of Norway (Project nr. 262064). With regards to individual datasets, we wish to thank the following funding sources: Fieldwork in Iceland was supported by the Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknasjoour, Grant 152468-051); The fence study and shrub sampling in Erkuta was supported by the Russian Fund of Basic Research (Grant #18-05-60261) and the terrestrial flagship of the Fram Centre (362259 Yamal EcoSystem); The fence studies in Hol and Setesdal were funded by the Research Council of Norway (NFR FRIMEDBIO 262064); Herbivory data collection in Kangerlussuaq was funded by National Geographic Society for Research and Exploration and shrub-ring work by the National Science Foundation (United States), Office of Polar Programs Award Numbers OPP-1108425 to P F S and J M W and OPP-1107381 to E P, with additional support by the National Science Foundation (United States), Division of Environmental Biology Award Numbers DEB-0217259 and DEB-0415843 to E P; Jeff Kerby was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 754513 and The Aarhus University Research Foundation; work by Robert G Bjork on Swedish reindeer data and shrub sampling was funded by The Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, FORMAS (Grant 214-2010-1411), and The Swedish Research Council, VR (Grant 621-2014-5315); shrub data from Svalbard was funded by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Research Council of Norway (Projects 223257, 216051 and 276080), and annual reindeer censuses (BrOggerhalvOya) were funded by the Norwegian Polar Institute; Shrub data collection at Toolik was supported by Polish-US Fulbright Commission, National Science Foundation-Arctic Observing Network, and the Arctic LTER (US National Science Foundation Grant #1637459), and the herbivore data by Toolik Field Station Environmental Data Center and the State of Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Data from Deception Bay were acquired through the Caribou Ungava research program funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, ArcticNet, Hydro Quebec, Glencore, Federation des pourvoiries du Quebec inc., and Makivik Corporation; Daring Lake shrub and herbivory data collection was supported by the NSERC Discovery and USRA Grants (PG and RA respectively); work by Arturo Pacheco-Solana and Angela L. Prendin on shrub data from Zackenberg was supported by the Villum Young Investigator Programme (VKR023456 to Signe Normand); Qikiqtaruk shrub and herbivory data collection was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant (NE/M016323/1) to Isla Myers-Smith and NSERC and the Canadian Centennial Scholarship Fund to Sandra Angers-Blondin; Shrub collection in Chokurdakh was financed by the Darwin Center for Biogeosciences, Wageningen Institute for Environment and Climate Research (WIMEK) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Vidi Grant 864.09.014) and received logistic support from the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk and the Regional Inspection of Nature Protection of Allaikhovsky Region, Chokurdakh, and from NWO Earth and Life Sciences, Project ALWPP. 2016.008 for Runa i. Magnusson.; In addition, we would like to thank Sigrid S Nielsen for contributing to the early stages of the shrub data from Zackenberg; Dr Ryan Danby (Queen's university) for assistance and advice with dendrochronological part of Daring Lake shrub data; The Quarqalik landholding corporation of Salluit for welcoming research team on their land; and the Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park rangers, Team Shrub field and laboratory assistants, especially Sandra Angers-Blondin, for assisting with the shrub and herbivore data collection in Qikiqtaruk, and the Inuvialuit People for the opportunity to conduct research on their land.9522<180 Day Usage Count>823IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAR 12022173
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5207http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac520712Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesZE8SQGreen Published, gold2023-03-14WOS:0007591484000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2139-7
Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
ArticlePOLAR BIOLOGYBackground insect herbivory; Climate change; Externally feeding defoliators; Latitudinal Herbivory Hypothesis; Leaf damage; Leaf miners; Gall makers; Macroecological patternCLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT DEFENSE; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; INSECT HERBIVORES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; VEGETATION; GRADIENTS; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; FOLIAGEBarrio, IC; Linden, E; Te Beest, M; Olofsson, J; Rocha, A; Soininen, EM; Alatalo, JM; Andersson, T; Asmus, A; Boike, J; Brathen, KA; Bryant, JP; Buchwal, A; Bueno, CG; Christie, KS; Denisova, YV; Egelkraut, D; Ehrich, D; Fishback, L; Forbes, BC; Gartzia, M; Grogan, P; Hallinger, M; Heijmans, MMPD; Hik, DS; Hofgaard, A; Holmgren, M; Hoye, TT; Huebner, DC; Jonsdottir, IS; Kaarlejarvi, E; Kumpula, T; Lange, CYMJG; Lange, J; Levesque, E; Limpens, J; Macias-Fauria, M; Myers-Smith, I; van Nieukerken, EJ; Normand, S; Post, ES; Schmidt, NM; Sitters, J; Skoracka, A; Sokolov, A; Sokolova, N; Speed, JDM; Street, LE; Sundqvist, MK; Suominen, O; Tananaev, N; Tremblay, JP; Urbanowicz, C; Uvarov, SA; Watts, D; Wilmking, M; Wookey, PA; Zimmermann, HH; Zverev, V; Kozlov, MVBarrio, Isabel C.; Linden, Elin; Te Beest, Mariska; Olofsson, Johan; Rocha, Adrian; Soininen, Eeva M.; Alatalo, Juha M.; Andersson, Tommi; Asmus, Ashley; Boike, Julia; Brathen, Kari Anne; Bryant, John P.; Buchwal, Agata; Bueno, C. Guillermo; Christie, Katherine S.; Denisova, Yulia V.; Egelkraut, Dagmar; Ehrich, Dorothee; Fishback, LeeAnn; Forbes, Bruce C.; Gartzia, Maite; Grogan, Paul; Hallinger, Martin; Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.; Hik, David S.; Hofgaard, Annika; Holmgren, Milena; Hoye, Toke T.; Huebner, Diane C.; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala; Kaarlejarvi, Elina; Kumpula, Timo; Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G.; Lange, Jelena; Levesque, Esther; Limpens, Juul; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Myers-Smith, Isla; van Nieukerken, Erik J.; Normand, Signe; Post, Eric S.; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Sitters, Judith; Skoracka, Anna; Sokolov, Alexander; Sokolova, Natalya; Speed, James D. M.; Street, Lorna E.; Sundqvist, Maja K.; Suominen, Otso; Tananaev, Nikita; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Urbanowicz, Christine; Uvarov, Sergey A.; Watts, David; Wilmking, Martin; Wookey, Philip A.; Zimmermann, Heike H.; Zverev, Vitali; Kozlov, Mikhail V.EnglishChronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.[Barrio, Isabel C.; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Linden, Elin; Te Beest, Mariska; Olofsson, Johan; Kaarlejarvi, Elina; Sitters, Judith] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Rocha, Adrian] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci & Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Soininen, Eeva M.; Brathen, Kari Anne; Ehrich, Dorothee] Arctic Univ Norway, UiT, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Alatalo, Juha M.] Qatar Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Doha, Qatar; [Andersson, Tommi; Suominen, Otso] Univ Turku, Kevo Subarct Res Inst, Biodivers Unit, Turku 20014, Finland; [Asmus, Ashley] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX USA; [Boike, Julia] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Bryant, John P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Buchwal, Agata] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Geoecol & Geoinformat, Dziegielowa 21, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Buchwal, Agata] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, 3151 Alumni Loop, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Bueno, C. Guillermo] Univ Tartu, Dept Bot, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia; [Christie, Katherine S.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Sci Dept, 301 Railway Ave, Seward, AK 99664 USA; [Denisova, Yulia V.] Nenets Agrarian Econ Tech Sch, Studencheskaya 1, Naryan Mar 166000, Russia; [Fishback, LeeAnn] Churchill Northern Studies Ctr, POB 610, Churchill R0B 0E0, MB, Canada; [Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Box 122, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland; [Gartzia, Maite] CSIC, Pyrenean Inst Ecol, Avda Nuestra Senora Victoria S-N, Jaca 22700, Spain; [Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Hallinger, Martin] Swedish Agr Univ, Ullsvag 16, Uppsala 75651, Sweden; [Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Hik, David S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton T5N 0R5, AB, Canada; [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway; [Holmgren, Milena] Wageningen Univ & Res, Resource Ecol Grp, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; [Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark; [Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Grenavej 14, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark; [Huebner, Diane C.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, 982 N Koyukuk Dr,101 Murie, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Kaarlejarvi, Elina] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dept Biol, Pl Laan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; [Kumpula, Timo] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Geog & Hist Studies, Joensuu 80101, Finland; [Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Anim Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Lange, Jelena] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany; [Levesque, Esther] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada; [Levesque, Esther] Ctr Etud Nordiques, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada; [Macias-Fauria, Marc] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England; [Myers-Smith, Isla] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Kings Bldg,West Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Normand, Signe] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Sect Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Post, Eric S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA USA; [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Skoracka, Anna] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Biol, Inst Environm Biol, Populat Ecol Lab, Umultowska 89, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland; [Sokolov, Alexander; Sokolova, Natalya] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Arctic Res Stn, Zelenaya Gorka Str 21, Labytnangi 629400, Russia; [Sokolov, Alexander; Sokolova, Natalya] Arctic Res Ctr, Salekhard, Russia; [Speed, James D. M.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Dept Nat Hist, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Street, Lorna E.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Environm Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland; [Sundqvist, Maja K.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; [Tananaev, Nikita] Russian Acad Sci, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Ctr Nord Studies, Dept Biol, Quebec City G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Ctr Forest Res, Quebec City G1V 0A6, PQ, Canada; [Urbanowicz, Christine] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Uvarov, Sergey A.] Nenets Museum Local Hist, Pobedy 5, Naryan Mar 166000, Russia; [Watts, David] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Zverev, Vitali; Kozlov, Mikhail V.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Sect Ecol, Turku 20014, FinlandUniversity of Iceland; Umea University; University of Notre Dame; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Qatar University; University of Turku; University of Texas System; University of Texas Arlington; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences; University of Lapland; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE); Queens University - Canada; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Wageningen University & Research; University of Alberta; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Wageningen University & Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of Eastern Finland; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; Laval University; University of Oxford; University of Edinburgh; Aarhus University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Aarhus University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Heriot Watt University; University of Copenhagen; Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laval University; Laval University; Dartmouth College; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of TurkuBarrio, IC (corresponding author), Univ Iceland, Dept Life & Environm Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.icbarrio@gmail.comSokolov, Aleksandr/P-3421-2017; Tananaev, Nikita/J-3471-2012; Olofsson, Johan/A-9362-2009; Høye, Toke Thomas/A-7701-2008; Macias-Fauria, Marc/A-4591-2009; Normand, Signe/AAA-4769-2022; Sitters, Judith/AAJ-7256-2020; Skoracka, Anna/E-6002-2011; Sokolova, Natalia/Q-8905-2018; Kozlov, Mikhail V./I-5037-2013; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012; Hik, David S/B-3462-2009; van Nieukerken, Erik/B-4512-2012; Speed, James D. M./C-1099-2009; Myers-Smith, Isla H/D-1529-2013; Wilmking, Martin/AAV-9310-2020; Ehrich, Dorothee/F-6492-2015; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg/L-8952-2015; Wookey, Philip/AAA-6271-2020; Barrio, Isabel C/F-8566-2010; Forbes, Bruce C./L-4431-2013; Zimmermann, Heike H/Y-2973-2018; Lange, Jelena/AAN-6878-2021; Soininen, Eeva/HKW-6760-2023; Bueno, C. Guillermo/F-8563-2010; Bråthen, Kari Anne/AAN-4666-2020; Hoye, Toke T./ABF-7808-2020; Zimmermann, Heike/AAC-8404-2022; Alatalo, Juha/C-1269-2018; Buchwal, Agata/F-5516-2013; Soininen, Eeva/AAJ-5909-2021; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/A-4320-2012Sokolov, Aleksandr/0000-0002-1521-3856; Tananaev, Nikita/0000-0003-2997-0169; Høye, Toke Thomas/0000-0001-5387-3284; Macias-Fauria, Marc/0000-0002-8438-2223; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Skoracka, Anna/0000-0002-9485-532X; Sokolova, Natalia/0000-0002-6692-4375; Kozlov, Mikhail V./0000-0002-9500-4244; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Hik, David S/0000-0002-8994-9305; van Nieukerken, Erik/0000-0002-5721-1840; Speed, James D. M./0000-0002-0633-5595; Myers-Smith, Isla H/0000-0002-8417-6112; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Ehrich, Dorothee/0000-0002-3028-9488; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg/0000-0003-3804-7077; Wookey, Philip/0000-0001-5957-6424; Barrio, Isabel C/0000-0002-8120-5248; Forbes, Bruce C./0000-0002-4593-5083; Zimmermann, Heike H/0000-0002-0225-5176; Lange, Jelena/0000-0002-7872-6667; Bueno, C. Guillermo/0000-0002-7288-2271; Bråthen, Kari Anne/0000-0003-0942-1074; Hoye, Toke T./0000-0001-5387-3284; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X; Buchwal, Agata/0000-0001-6879-6656; Soininen, Eeva/0000-0003-4280-8350; KNAW, NIOO-KNAW/0000-0002-3835-159X; Watts, David A./0000-0003-2054-7719; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-0978-529X; te Beest, Mariska/0000-0003-3673-4105; Huebner, Diane/0000-0003-2605-7534; Levesque, Esther/0000-0002-1119-6032; Egelkraut, Dagmar/0000-0002-2644-2144Icelandic Research Fund [152468-051]; AXA Research Fund [15-AXA-PDOC-307]; Nordic Centre of Excellence TUNDRA - Norden Top-Level Research Initiative Effect Studies and Adaptation to Climate Change''; COAT (Climate-ecological Observatory of the Arctic Tundra); MOBILITY PLUS [1072/MOB/2013/0]; Polish-American Fulbright Commission; IUT [20-28]; EcolChange Center of Excellence; Academy of Finland [256991, 276671]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW) [864.09.014]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Research Council of Norway [244557/E50]; German Research Foundation DFG [WI 2680/8-1]; NERC IRF fellowship [NE/L011859/1]; Villum foundation's Young Investigator Programme [VKR023456]; Kempestiftelserna and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); RFBR [16-44-890108]; UB of RAS [15-15-4-35]; IEC Arctic'' of Yamal Government Department of Science and Innovation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/K000284/1]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K000284/1, NE/M016323/1, NE/L011859/1, NE/K000284/2, NE/K000217/2] Funding Source: researchfish; Villum Fonden [00007380] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/K000284/1, NE/K000217/2, NE/M016323/1, NE/L011859/1, NE/K000284/2] Funding Source: UKRIIcelandic Research Fund; AXA Research Fund(AXA Research Fund); Nordic Centre of Excellence TUNDRA - Norden Top-Level Research Initiative Effect Studies and Adaptation to Climate Change''; COAT (Climate-ecological Observatory of the Arctic Tundra); MOBILITY PLUS; Polish-American Fulbright Commission; IUT; EcolChange Center of Excellence; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW)(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); German Research Foundation DFG(German Research Foundation (DFG)); NERC IRF fellowship; Villum foundation's Young Investigator Programme(Villum Fonden); Kempestiftelserna and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)(FWO); RFBR(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); UB of RAS; IEC Arctic'' of Yamal Government Department of Science and Innovation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Villum Fonden(Villum Fonden); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This study is a joint contribution of the Herbivory Network (http://herbivory.biology.ualberta.ca) and the Network for Arthropods of the Tundra (NeAT; https://tundraarthropods.wordpress.com/). Dwarf birch distribution maps were kindly provided by Kyle Joly. Sample collection during 2014 was facilitated by INTERACT (http://www.eu-interact.org/). ICB was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the Icelandic Research Fund (Rannsoknasjoour, grant nr 152468-051) and AXA Research Fund (15-AXA-PDOC-307); MtB and EK were supported by the Nordic Centre of Excellence TUNDRA, funded by the Norden Top-Level Research Initiative Effect Studies and Adaptation to Climate Change''; EMS and KAB were supported by COAT (Climate-ecological Observatory of the Arctic Tundra); AB was supported by MOBILITY PLUS (1072/MOB/2013/0) and the Polish-American Fulbright Commission; CGB was supported by IUT 20-28, EcolChange Center of Excellence; BCF and TK were supported by the Academy of Finland (project 256991); MMPDH was supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW, VIDI grant 864.09.014); DSH was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AH was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant 244557/E50); JL was funded by the German Research Foundation DFG (project WI 2680/8-1); MM-F was supported by a NERC IRF fellowship NE/L011859/1; SN was supported by the Villum foundation's Young Investigator Programme (VKR023456); JS was supported by Kempestiftelserna and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); AS and NS were supported by the grant of RFBR (project 16-44-890108), grant of UB of RAS (project 15-15-4-35) and IEC Arctic'' of Yamal Government Department of Science and Innovation; LES and PAW were supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant NE/K000284/1; MVK and VZ were supported by the Academy of Finland (project 276671).694141<180 Day Usage Count>679SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0722-40601432-2056POLAR BIOLPolar Biol.NOV2017401122652278
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2139-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2139-714Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFM7LOGreen Submitted, Green Accepted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004152587000110 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7080
Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic
ArticleSCIENCECLIMATE-CHANGE; RANGE SHIFTSDavidson, SC; Bohrer, G; Gurarie, E; LaPoint, S; Mahoney, PJ; Boelman, NT; Eitel, JUH; Prugh, LR; Vierling, LA; Jennewein, J; Grier, E; Couriot, O; Kelly, AP; Meddens, AJH; Oliver, RY; Kays, R; Wikelski, M; Aarvak, T; Ackerman, JT; Alves, JA; Bayne, E; Bedrosian, B; Belant, JL; Berdahl, AM; Berlin, AM; Berteaux, D; Bety, J; Boiko, D; Booms, TL; Borg, BL; Boutin, S; Boyd, WS; Brides, K; Brown, S; Bulyuk, VN; Burnham, KK; Cabot, D; Casazza, M; Christie, K; Craig, EH; Davis, SE; Davison, T; Demma, D; DeSorbo, CR; Dixon, A; Domenech, R; Eichhorn, G; Elliott, K; Evenson, JR; Exo, KM; Ferguson, SH; Fiedler, W; Fisk, A; Fort, J; Franke, A; Fuller, MR; Garthe, S; Gauthier, G; Gilchrist, G; Glazov, P; Gray, CE; Gremillet, D; Griffin, L; Hallworth, MT; Harrison, AL; Hennin, HL; Hipfner, JM; Hodson, J; Johnson, JA; Joly, K; Jones, K; Katzner, TE; Kidd, JW; Knight, EC; Kochert, MN; Kolzsch, A; Kruckenberg, H; Lagasse, BJ; Lai, S; Lamarre, JF; Lanctot, RB; Larter, NC; Latham, ADM; Latty, CJ; Lawler, JP; Leandri-Breton, DJ; Lee, H; Lewis, SB; Love, OP; Madsen, J; Maftei, M; Mallory, ML; Mangipane, B; Markovets, MY; Marra, PP; McGuire, R; McIntyre, CL; McKinnon, EA; Miller, TA; Moonen, S; Mu, T; Muskens, GJDM; Ng, J; Nicholson, KL; Oien, IJ; Overton, C; Owen, PA; Patterson, A; Petersen, A; Pokrovsky, I; Powell, LL; Prieto, R; Quillfeldt, P; Rausch, J; Russell, K; Saalfeld, ST; Schekkerman, H; Schmutz, JA; Schwemmer, P; Seip, DR; Shreading, A; Silva, MA; Smith, BW; Smith, F; Smith, JP; Snell, KRS; Sokolov, A; Sokolov, V; Solovyeva, DV; Sorum, MS; Tertitski, G; Therrien, JF; Thorup, K; Tibbitts, TL; Tulp, I; Uher-Koch, BD; van Bemmelen, RSA; Van Wilgenburg, S; Von Duyke, AL; Watson, JL; Watts, BD; Williams, JA; Wilson, MT; Wright, JR; Yates, MA; Yurkowski, DJ; Zydelis, R; Hebblewhite, MDavidson, Sarah C.; Bohrer, Gil; Gurarie, Eliezer; LaPoint, Scott; Mahoney, Peter J.; Boelman, Natalie T.; Eitel, Jan U. H.; Prugh, Laura R.; Vierling, Lee A.; Jennewein, Jyoti; Grier, Emma; Couriot, Ophelie; Kelly, Allicia P.; Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Oliver, Ruth Y.; Kays, Roland; Wikelski, Martin; Aarvak, Tomas; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Alves, Jose A.; Bayne, Erin; Bedrosian, Bryan; Belant, Jerrold L.; Berdahl, Andrew M.; Berlin, Alicia M.; Berteaux, Dominique; Bety, Joel; Boiko, Dmitrijs; Booms, Travis L.; Borg, Bridget L.; Boutin, Stan; Boyd, W. Sean; Brides, Kane; Brown, Stephen; Bulyuk, Victor N.; Burnham, Kurt K.; Cabot, David; Casazza, Michael; Christie, Katherine; Craig, Erica H.; Davis, Shanti E.; Davison, Tracy; Demma, Dominic; DeSorbo, Christopher R.; Dixon, Andrew; Domenech, Robert; Eichhorn, Gotz; Elliott, Kyle; Evenson, Joseph R.; Exo, Klaus-Michael; Ferguson, Steven H.; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Fisk, Aaron; Fort, Jerome; Franke, Alastair; Fuller, Mark R.; Garthe, Stefan; Gauthier, Gilles; Gilchrist, Grant; Glazov, Petr; Gray, Carrie E.; Gremillet, David; Griffin, Larry; Hallworth, Michael T.; Harrison, Autumn-Lynn; Hennin, Holly L.; Hipfner, J. Mark; Hodson, James; Johnson, James A.; Joly, Kyle; Jones, Kimberly; Katzner, Todd E.; Kidd, Jeff W.; Knight, Elly C.; Kochert, Michael N.; Koelzsch, Andrea; Kruckenberg, Helmut; Lagasse, Benjamin J.; Lai, Sandra; Lamarre, Jean-Francois; Lanctot, Richard B.; Larter, Nicholas C.; Latham, A. David M.; Latty, Christopher J.; Lawler, James P.; Leandri-Breton, Don-Jean; Lee, Hansoo; Lewis, Stephen B.; Love, Oliver P.; Madsen, Jesper; Maftei, Mark; Mallory, Mark L.; Mangipane, Buck; Markovets, Mikhail Y.; Marra, Peter P.; McGuire, Rebecca; McIntyre, Carol L.; McKinnon, Emily A.; Miller, Tricia A.; Moonen, Sander; Mu, Tong; Muskens, Gerhard J. D. M.; Ng, Janet; Nicholson, Kerry L.; Oien, Ingar Jostein; Overton, Cory; Owen, Patricia A.; Patterson, Allison; Petersen, Aevar; Pokrovsky, Ivan; Powell, Luke L.; Prieto, Rui; Quillfeldt, Petra; Rausch, Jennie; Russell, Kelsey; Saalfeld, Sarah T.; Schekkerman, Hans; Schmutz, Joel A.; Schwemmer, Philipp; Seip, Dale R.; Shreading, Adam; Silva, Monica A.; Smith, Brian W.; Smith, Fletcher; Smith, Jeff P.; Snell, Katherine R. S.; Sokolov, Aleksandr; Sokolov, Vasiliy; Solovyeva, Diana V.; Sorum, Mathew S.; Tertitski, Grigori; Therrien, J. F.; Thorup, Kasper; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Tulp, Ingrid; Uher-Koch, Brian D.; van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.; Van Wilgenburg, Steven; Von Duyke, Andrew L.; Watson, Jesse L.; Watts, Bryan D.; Williams, Judy A.; Wilson, Matthew T.; Wright, James R.; Yates, Michael A.; Yurkowski, David J.; Zydelis, Ramunas; Hebblewhite, MarkEnglishThe Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species- specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.[Davidson, Sarah C.; Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Davidson, Sarah C.; LaPoint, Scott; Wikelski, Martin; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Koelzsch, Andrea; Pokrovsky, Ivan; Snell, Katherine R. S.] Max Planck Inst Anim Behav, Dept Migrat, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany; [Davidson, Sarah C.; Wikelski, Martin; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Koelzsch, Andrea] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Adv Study Collect Behav, Constance, Germany; [Gurarie, Eliezer; Grier, Emma; Couriot, Ophelie] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [LaPoint, Scott] Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Rd, Cornwall, NY USA; [LaPoint, Scott; Boelman, Natalie T.; Oliver, Ruth Y.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [Mahoney, Peter J.; Prugh, Laura R.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Eitel, Jan U. H.; Vierling, Lee A.; Jennewein, Jyoti] Univ Idaho, Dept Nat Resources & Soc, Moscow, ID 83843 USA; [Couriot, Ophelie] Natl Socioenvironm Synth Ctr, Annapolis, MD USA; [Kelly, Allicia P.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Smith, NT, Canada; [Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Oliver, Ruth Y.] Washington State Univ, Sch Environm, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; [Oliver, Ruth Y.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA; [Oliver, Ruth Y.] Yale Univ, Ctr Biodivers & Global Change, New Haven, CT USA; [Kays, Roland] North Carolina State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC USA; [Aarvak, Tomas; Oien, Ingar Jostein] BirdLife Norway, Trondheim, Norway; [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Casazza, Michael; Overton, Cory] US Geol Survey, Dixon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA USA; [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Aveiro, Portugal; [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, Aveiro, Portugal; [Alves, Jose A.] Univ Iceland, South Iceland Res Ctr, Laugarvatn, Iceland; [Bayne, Erin; Boutin, Stan; Franke, Alastair; Knight, Elly C.; Latham, A. David M.; Ng, Janet; Watson, Jesse L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Bedrosian, Bryan] Teton Raptor Ctr, Jackson, WY USA; [Belant, Jerrold L.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Global Wildlife Conservat Ctr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA; [Berdahl, Andrew M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Berlin, Alicia M.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA; [Berteaux, Dominique; Bety, Joel; Lai, Sandra; Leandri-Breton, Don-Jean] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Boiko, Dmitrijs] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Riga, Latvia; [Boiko, Dmitrijs] Univ Latvia, Inst Biol, Salaspils, Latvia; [Boiko, Dmitrijs] Latvian Swan Res Soc, Kalnciems, Latvia; [Booms, Travis L.; Nicholson, Kerry L.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Borg, Bridget L.; McIntyre, Carol L.; Owen, Patricia A.] Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk, AK USA; [Boyd, W. Sean; Hennin, Holly L.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Delta, BC, Canada; [Brides, Kane; Griffin, Larry] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Glos, England; [Brown, Stephen] Manomet Inc, Saxtons River, VT USA; [Bulyuk, Victor N.; Markovets, Mikhail Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Biol Stn Rybachy, St Petersburg, Russia; [Burnham, Kurt K.] High Arct Inst, Orion, IL USA; [Cabot, David] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland; [Christie, Katherine] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA; [Craig, Erica H.] Aquila Environm, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Davis, Shanti E.; Maftei, Mark] High Arct Gull Res Grp, Bamfield, BC, Canada; [Davison, Tracy] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT, Canada; [Demma, Dominic; Jones, Kimberly] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Palmer, AK USA; [DeSorbo, Christopher R.] Biodivers Res Inst, Portland, ME USA; [Dixon, Andrew] Reneco Int Wildlife Consultants, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates; [Domenech, Robert; Shreading, Adam] Raptor View Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA; [Eichhorn, Gotz] Vogeltrekstat Dutch Ctr Avian Migrat & Demog, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Eichhorn, Gotz] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Anim Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Elliott, Kyle; Patterson, Allison] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada; [Evenson, Joseph R.; Wilson, Matthew T.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA USA; [Exo, Klaus-Michael; Moonen, Sander] Inst Avian Res Vogelwarte Helgoland, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [Ferguson, Steven H.; Yurkowski, David J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Fisk, Aaron] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Sch Environm, Windsor, ON, Canada; [Fort, Jerome] La Rochelle Univ, CNRS, Littoral Environm & Soc LIENSs, La Rochelle, France; [Franke, Alastair] Arctic Raptor Project, Rankin Inlet, NU, Canada; [Fuller, Mark R.] Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA; [Garthe, Stefan; Schwemmer, Philipp] Univ Kiel, Res & Technol Ctr FTZ, Busum, Germany; [Gauthier, Gilles; Therrien, J. F.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Gauthier, Gilles; Therrien, J. F.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Gilchrist, Grant] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Glazov, Petr; Tertitski, Grigori] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Moscow, Russia; [Gray, Carrie E.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME USA; [Gremillet, David] La Rochelle Univ, CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, Villiers En Bois, France; [Gremillet, David] Univ Cape Town, Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, Rondebosch, South Africa; [Hallworth, Michael T.; Harrison, Autumn-Lynn; Powell, Luke L.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Conservat Biol, Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA; [Hallworth, Michael T.] Univ Massachusetts, Northeast Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Hennin, Holly L.; Love, Oliver P.] Univ Windsor, Dept Integrat Biol, Windsor, ON, Canada; [Hipfner, J. Mark] Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada; [Hodson, James; Williams, Judy A.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Johnson, James A.; Lanctot, Richard B.; Saalfeld, Sarah T.] US Fish Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK USA; [Joly, Kyle] Gates Arctic Natl Pk & Preserve, Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Katzner, Todd E.; Kochert, Michael N.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID USA; [Kidd, Jeff W.] Kidd Biol Inc, Anacortes, WA USA; [Koelzsch, Andrea; Kruckenberg, Helmut] Inst Wetlands & Waterbird Res eV, Verden, Aller, Germany; [Lagasse, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Biol, Denver, CO 80202 USA; [Lamarre, Jean-Francois] Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada; [Larter, Nicholas C.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Simpson, NT, Canada; [Latham, A. David M.] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand; [Latty, Christopher J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Lawler, James P.] Natl Pk Serv, Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Program, Anchorage, AK USA; [Lee, Hansoo] Korea Inst Environm Ecol, Daejeon, South Korea; [Lewis, Stephen B.] US Fish Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK USA; [Madsen, Jesper] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci Kalo, Ronde, Denmark; [Mallory, Mark L.] Acad Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS, Canada; [Mangipane, Buck] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Anchorage, AK USA; [Marra, Peter P.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, McCourt Sch Publ Policy, Washington, DC 20057 USA; [McGuire, Rebecca] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK USA; [McKinnon, Emily A.; Yurkowski, David J.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Miller, Tricia A.] Conservat Sci Global Inc, West Cape May, NJ USA; [Miller, Tricia A.] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; [Mu, Tong] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Muskens, Gerhard J. D. M.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Wageningen Environm Res, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Pokrovsky, Ivan; Solovyeva, Diana V.] Inst Biol Problems North FEB RAS, Lab Ornithol, Magadan, Russia; [Pokrovsky, Ivan; Sokolov, Aleksandr] Inst Plant & Anim Ecol UB RAS, Arctic Res Stn, Labytnangi, Yamal Nenets Au, Russia; [Powell, Luke L.] Univ Durham, Durham, England; [Powell, Luke L.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.] Univ Azores, Inst Marine Res, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, Horta, Portugal; [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.] Univ Azores, Okeanos R&D Ctr, Horta, Portugal; [Quillfeldt, Petra] Justus Liebig Univ, Giessen, Germany; [Rausch, Jennie] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Russell, Kelsey] Environm Yukon, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Schekkerman, Hans] SOVON, Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Schmutz, Joel A.; Tibbitts, T. Lee; Uher-Koch, Brian D.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Seip, Dale R.] British Columbia Minist Environm, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Silva, Monica A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Smith, Brian W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Denver, CO USA; [Smith, Fletcher; Watts, Bryan D.] Coll William & Mary, Ctr Conservat Biol, Williamsburg, VA USA; [Smith, Fletcher] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA USA; [Smith, Jeff P.] HawkWatch Int, Salt Lake City, UT USA; [Smith, Jeff P.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA USA; [Snell, Katherine R. S.; Thorup, Kasper] Univ Copenhagen, Globe Inst, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Sokolov, Vasiliy] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Plant & Anim Ecol, Ekaterinburg, Russia; [Sorum, Mathew S.] Natl Pk Serv, Yukon Charley Rivers Natl Preserve, Cent Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Therrien, J. F.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Kempton, PA USA; [Tulp, Ingrid; van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.] Wageningen Marine Res, Ijmuiden, Netherlands; [van Bemmelen, Rob S. A.] Bureau Waardenburg, Culemborg, Netherlands; [Van Wilgenburg, Steven] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Von Duyke, Andrew L.] North Slope Borough, Dept Wildlife Management, Utqiagvik, AK USA; [Wright, James R.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Yates, Michael A.] Earthspan Fdn, Minden, NV USA; [Zydelis, Ramunas] Ornitela UAB, Vilnius, LithuaniaUniversity System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Max Planck Society; University of Konstanz; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Columbia University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Idaho; University of Idaho; Washington State University; Yale University; Yale University; North Carolina State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Universidade de Aveiro; Universidade de Aveiro; University of Iceland; University of Alberta; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) College of Environmental Science & Forestry; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Quebec; University of Latvia; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; United States Department of the Interior; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Russian Academy of Sciences; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University College Cork; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); McGill University; Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife (WDFW); Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Windsor; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Idaho; Boise State University; University of Kiel; Laval University; Laval University; Carleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Cape Town; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Windsor; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; Pacific Wildlife Research Centre; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; Landcare Research - New Zealand; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Aarhus University; Acadia University; United States Department of the Interior; Georgetown University; Wildlife Conservation Society; University of Manitoba; West Virginia University; Princeton University; Wageningen University & Research; Institute of Biological Problems of the North; Durham University; University of Glasgow; Universidade dos Acores; Universidade dos Acores; Justus Liebig University Giessen; Environment & Climate Change Canada; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; William & Mary; University of Copenhagen; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; United States Department of the Interior; Wageningen University & Research; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; University System of Ohio; Ohio State UniversityBohrer, G (corresponding author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.bohrer.17@osu.eduGlazov, Petr/AAE-4780-2019; Mu, Tong/AAD-9122-2019; Belant, Jerrold/HDM-7749-2022; Sokolov, Aleksandr/P-3421-2017; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Tertitski, Grigori/HKM-8901-2023; Pokrovsky, Ivan/B-5144-2010; Silva, Mónica/D-1893-2012; Sokolov, Vasiliy/B-3657-2013; Eichhorn, Götz/R-8136-2016; Fiedler, Wolfgang/AAG-4510-2021; Hebblewhite, Mark/AAI-8101-2020; Ackerman, Joshua T/AAF-9503-2019; Patterson, Allison Glider Livingstone/AAW-5259-2021; Gurarie, Eliezer/AGI-0958-2022; Elliott, Kyle/S-9185-2019; Thorup, Kasper/A-4835-2013; hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; Prieto, Rui/G-8286-2011; Uher-Koch, Brian/AAC-8538-2020; Madsen, Jesper/J-7853-2013; Boutin, Stan/A-2619-2014; Nicholson, Kerry/F-2077-2013; Quillfeldt, Petra/A-9549-2009Glazov, Petr/0000-0003-3462-7031; Mu, Tong/0000-0002-2686-0725; Sokolov, Aleksandr/0000-0002-1521-3856; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Tertitski, Grigori/0000-0002-4836-364X; Pokrovsky, Ivan/0000-0002-6533-674X; Silva, Mónica/0000-0002-2683-309X; Sokolov, Vasiliy/0000-0002-0115-3151; Eichhorn, Götz/0000-0003-2151-8856; Fiedler, Wolfgang/0000-0003-1082-4161; Hebblewhite, Mark/0000-0001-5382-1361; Ackerman, Joshua T/0000-0002-3074-8322; Patterson, Allison Glider Livingstone/0000-0001-9931-2693; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674; Thorup, Kasper/0000-0002-0320-0601; Prieto, Rui/0000-0002-0354-2572; Uher-Koch, Brian/0000-0002-1885-0260; LaPoint, Scott/0000-0002-5499-6777; Madsen, Jesper/0000-0003-3246-0215; Boutin, Stan/0000-0001-6317-038X; Latty, Christopher/0000-0002-0522-8333; Powell, Luke/0000-0002-2001-4982; Overton, Cory/0000-0002-5060-7447; Boelman, Natalie/0000-0003-3716-2372; van Bemmelen, Rob/0000-0002-0688-7058; Nicholson, Kerry/0000-0001-9951-9897; Jennewein, Jyoti/0000-0002-9650-6537; Schekkerman, Hans/0000-0003-3127-4832; Couriot, Ophelie/0000-0002-4547-0079; Leandri-Breton, Don-Jean/0000-0003-0547-2966; Zydelis, Ramunas/0000-0001-8019-6880; Quillfeldt, Petra/0000-0002-4450-8688; casazza, Mike/0000-0002-5636-735X; Watson, Jesse/0000-0003-4500-6599; Kays, Roland/0000-0002-2947-6665NASA [NNX15AT91A, NNX15AW71A, NNX15AV92A, NNX15AT89A, NNX15AU20A]; NSF [1564380, 1823498, 1560727, 1853465, 1915347]; NASA [NNX15AU20A, 797160, 800671, 802245, NNX15AT91A, NNX15AT89A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))NASA NNX15AT91A, NNX15AW71A, NNX15AV92A, NNX15AT89A, NNX15AU20A; NSF 1564380, 1823498, 1560727, 1853465, 1915347. Funding for studies participating in the AAMA are listed in table S4. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. or Canadian state, province, territory, or federal governments.353841<180 Day Usage Count>1168AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCEWASHINGTON1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA0036-80751095-9203SCIENCEScienceNOV 620203706517SI712+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7080http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb708058Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsON7IB33154141Green Submitted2023-03-09WOS:0005868686000440 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveBasins to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac11ed
Heterogenous runoff trends in peatland-dominated basins throughout the circumpolar North
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONScircumpolar; peatland-dominated basin; permafrost; runoff; runoff ratioDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; HIGH-RESOLUTION; THERMAL STATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; BOREAL FOREST; STREAMFLOW; WETLANDS; CANADA; THAW; HYDROLOGYMack, M; Connon, R; Makarieva, O; McLaughlin, J; Nesterova, N; Quinton, WMack, Mikhail; Connon, Ryan; Makarieva, Olga; McLaughlin, James; Nesterova, Nataliia; Quinton, WilliamEnglishThe hydrological implications of discontinuous permafrost thaw in peatland-dominated basins are not well understood. While there is evidence suggesting that permafrost-thaw-driven land cover change increases annual runoff and the runoff ratio in the Taiga Plains of northwestern Canada, few studies have evaluated the impact on small to medium sized basins (<10(5) km(2)) outside this ecoregion. Here, we assess runoff, runoff ratio, and precipitation trends for 34 peatland-dominated basins, of which 28 are in the discontinuous and sporadic permafrost zones and 6 in adjacent permafrost-free environments. We calculated annual and monthly trends between 1970 and 2016 using the Mann-Kendall test and found that annual runoff, runoff ratio, and precipitation increased significantly in 25%, 16%, and 13% of basins respectively, at a 5% significance level, and decreased significantly in 3%, 19%, and 9% of basins, respectively. Increased annual runoff ratios occurred exclusively in basins overlying permafrost, while increases and decreases in annual runoff and precipitation were found in both permafrost and permafrost-free basins. Increases of annual runoff and runoff ratio occurred independently of precipitation changes in only the Taiga Plains and in the Western Siberian Plain. Runoff during winter increased significantly in all ecoregions and occurred independently of the areal extent of permafrost, although the magnitude of these increases was small compared with those of April and May.[Mack, Mikhail; Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Connon, Ryan] Water Management & Monitoring Div, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Makarieva, Olga; Nesterova, Nataliia] Russian Acad Sci, North Eastern Permafrost Stn, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Magadan 685000, Russia; [Makarieva, Olga; Nesterova, Nataliia] St Petersburg Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; [McLaughlin, James] Ontario Forestry Res Inst, Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg State University; Ministry of Natural Resources & ForestryMack, M (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.mackmikhail@gmail.com; Makarieva, Olga/G-2077-2014Mack, Mikhail/0000-0001-7257-9398; Makarieva, Olga/0000-0002-2532-4306office of the Liidlii Kue First Nation; office of the Jean-Marie River First Nation; office of the Dehcho First Nations; ArcticNetoffice of the Liidlii Kue First Nation; office of the Jean-Marie River First Nation; office of the Dehcho First Nations; ArcticNetThe authors wish to thank the offices of the Liidlii Kue First Nation, the Jean-Marie River First Nation, and the Dehcho First Nations for their support of both the Scotty Creek Research Station and this project. Wewould also like to acknowledge the indigenous peoples who's lands and waterways were analyzed in this study, and are experiencing described impacts of climate change. Those include: Gwich'in Alaskan Natives, the Sapotaweyak Cree Nation, the Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation, the Fox Lake Cree Nation, the Weenusk First Nation, the Waskaganish First Nation, the Sami people of Fennoscandia, and indigenous people of Khanty-Mansy and Nency living in the Western Siberian Plains of Russia. We also gratefully acknowledge ArcticNet for their support of the Dehcho Collaborative on Permafrost, the Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Northern Studies Training Program (NSTP), the Cold Regions Research Centre, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), and St. Petersburg University. We also wish to thank Olivia Carpino, Elise Devoie, Alex MacLean, Caren Ackley, Kristine Haynes, and Donald Burns for their assistance throughout this study.6244<180 Day Usage Count>19IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND2515-7620ENVIRON RES COMMUNEnviron. Res. Commun.JUL 1202137
75006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac11edhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac11ed16Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyTN1SLgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0006760225000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveInuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, Mackenzie Mountains, northeast of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15113
Is subarctic forest advance able to keep pace with climate change?
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYcircumpolar forest advance; climate change; climate change velocity; disappearing arctic tundra; forest migration rate; forest-tundra ecotone; range expansion; subarcticTUNDRA-TAIGA BOUNDARY; RANGE SHIFTS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; SHRUB EXPANSION; CHANGE IMPACTS; PICEA-ABIES; TREE LINES; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNSRees, WG; Hofgaard, A; Boudreau, S; Cairns, DM; Harper, K; Mamet, S; Mathisen, I; Swirad, Z; Tutubalina, ORees, W. Gareth; Hofgaard, Annika; Boudreau, Stephane; Cairns, David M.; Harper, Karen; Mamet, Steven; Mathisen, Ingrid; Swirad, Zuzanna; Tutubalina, OlgaEnglishRecent climate warming and scenarios for further warming have led to expectations of rapid movement of ecological boundaries. Here we focus on the circumarctic forest-tundra ecotone (FTE), which represents an important bioclimatic zone with feedbacks from forest advance and corresponding tundra disappearance (up to 50% loss predicted this century) driving widespread ecological and climatic changes. We address FTE advance and climate history relations over the 20th century, using FTE response data from 151 sites across the circumarctic area and site-specific climate data. Specifically, we investigate spatial uniformity of FTE advance, statistical associations with 20th century climate trends, and whether advance rates match climate change velocities (CCVs). Study sites diverged into four regions (Eastern Canada; Central and Western Canada and Alaska; Siberia; and Western Eurasia) based on their climate history, although all were characterized by similar qualitative patterns of behaviour (with about half of the sites showing advancing behaviour). The main associations between climate trend variables and behaviour indicate the importance of precipitation rather than temperature for both qualitative and quantitative behaviours, and the importance of non-growing season as well as growing season months. Poleward latitudinal advance rates differed significantly among regions, being smallest in Eastern Canada (similar to 10 m/year) and largest in Western Eurasia (similar to 100 m/year). These rates were 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than expected if vegetation distribution remained in equilibrium with climate. The many biotic and abiotic factors influencing FTE behaviour make poleward advance rates matching predicted 21st century CCVs (similar to 10(3)-10(4) m/year) unlikely. The lack of empirical evidence for swift forest relocation and the discrepancy between CCV and FTE response contradict equilibrium model-based assumptions and warrant caution when assessing global-change-related biotic and abiotic implications, including land-atmosphere feedbacks and carbon sequestration.[Rees, W. Gareth; Swirad, Zuzanna] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England; [Hofgaard, Annika; Mathisen, Ingrid] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway; [Boudreau, Stephane] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Cairns, David M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA; [Harper, Karen] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Mamet, Steven] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Tutubalina, Olga] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow, RussiaUniversity of Cambridge; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Laval University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Dalhousie University; University of Saskatchewan; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRees, WG (corresponding author), Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England.;Hofgaard, A (corresponding author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway.wgr2@cam.ac.uk; annika.hofgaard@nina.noMamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019; Tutubalina, Olga V/ABX-1958-2022; Swirad, Zuzanna M./Q-6983-2018; Rees, William Gareth/AAM-9701-2020; Cairns, David/F-3395-2014Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-3814; Tutubalina, Olga V/0000-0001-8049-1724; Swirad, Zuzanna M./0000-0002-3592-9739; Rees, William Gareth/0000-0001-6020-1232; Cairns, David/0000-0003-4110-196X; Harper, Karen/0000-0001-5390-0262; Boudreau, Stephane/0000-0002-1035-6452National Science Foundation; Government of Canada; Norges Forskningsrad [160022/F40, 176065/S30, 185023/S50, 244557/RI]; University of CambridgeNational Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Government of Canada(CGIAR); Norges Forskningsrad; University of Cambridge(University of Cambridge)National Science Foundation; Government of Canada; Norges Forskningsrad, Grant/Award Number: 160022/F40, 176065/S30, 185023/S50 and 244557/RI; University of Cambridge1054141<180 Day Usage Count>644WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUL202026739653977
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15113http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.151132020-05-01 00:00:0013Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyLX7HQ32281711hybrid, Green Submitted, Green Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005310674000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllBoreal regionNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab1e7
Impacts of snow on soil temperature observed across the circumpolar north
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSsoil temperature; soil-air temperature difference; snow; northern high latitudesGROUND TEMPERATURES; PERMAFROST TEMPERATURES; MACKENZIE DELTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE AIR; CANADA; COVER; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; LINEZhang, Y; Sherstiukov, AB; Qian, BD; Kokelj, SV; Lantz, TCZhang, Yu; Sherstiukov, Artem B.; Qian, Budong; Kokelj, Steven V.; Lantz, Trevor C.EnglishClimate warming has significant impacts on permafrost, infrastructure and soil organic carbon at the northern high latitudes. These impacts are mainly driven by changes in soil temperature (TS). Snow insulation can cause significant differences between TS and air temperature (TA), and our understanding about this effect through space and time is currently limited. In this study, we compiled soil and air temperature observations (measured at about 0.2m depth and 2m height, respectively) at 588 sites from climate stations and boreholes across the northern high latitudes. Analysis of this circumpolar dataset demonstrates the large offset between mean TS and TA in the low arctic and northern boreal regions. The offset decreases both northward and southward due to changes in snow conditions. Correlation analysis shows that the coupling between annual TS and TA is weaker, and the response of annual TS to changes in TA is smaller in boreal regions than in the arctic and the northern temperate regions. Consequently, the inter-annual variation and the increasing trends of annual TS are smaller than that of TA in boreal regions. The systematic and significant differences in the relationship between TS and TA across the circumpolar north is important for understanding and assessing the impacts of climate change and for reconstruction of historical climate based on ground temperature profiles for the northern high latitudes.[Zhang, Yu] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada; [Sherstiukov, Artem B.] All Russian Res Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, World Data Ctr, 6 Korolyov St, Obninsk 249035, Russia; [Qian, Budong] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa Res & Dev Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, POB 1320,4601 B 52 Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; University of VictoriaZhang, Y (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada.yu.zhang@canada.caPolar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program [186]Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology ProgramThe authors thank Steve Wolfe and Peter Morse for stimulating discussion and their careful review of the earlier versions of the paper. This study was funded by Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program (project 186). This study also contributes to a project affiliated to the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), a NASA Terrestrial Ecology program.453231<180 Day Usage Count>228IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.APR2018134
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab1e7http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab1e710Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGB6DFgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004291583000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllTrail Valley Creek, snowpack monitoring sitesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.685140
Improved Simulation of Arctic Circumpolar Land Area Snow Properties and Soil Temperatures
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEarctic snowpack physical properties; soil temperature; active layer deepening; snow; vegetation interactions; snow modeling; impact of warming arctic on snowpackTHERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; VAPOR DIFFUSION; BYLOT ISLAND; SEA-ICE; PERMAFROST; CLIMATE; TUNDRA; COVER; SENSITIVITYRoyer, A; Picard, G; Vargel, C; Langlois, A; Gouttevin, I; Dumont, MRoyer, Alain; Picard, Ghislain; Vargel, Celine; Langlois, Alexandre; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Dumont, MarieEnglishThe impact of high latitude climate warming on Arctic snow cover and its insulating properties has key implications for the surface and soil energy balance. Few studies have investigated specific trends in Arctic snowpack properties because there is a lack of long-term in situ observations and current detailed snow models fail to represent the main traits of Arctic snowpacks. This results in high uncertainty in modeling snow feedbacks on ground thermal regime due to induced changes in snow insulation. To better simulate Arctic snow structure and snow thermal properties, we implemented new parameterizations of several snow physical processes-including the effect of Arctic low vegetation and wind on snowpack-in the Crocus detailed snowpack model. Significant improvements compared to standard Crocus snow simulations and ERA-Interim (ERAi) reanalysis snow outputs were observed for a large set of in-situ snow data over Siberia and North America. Arctic Crocus simulations produced improved Arctic snow density profiles over the initial Crocus version, leading to a soil surface temperature bias of -0.5 K with RMSE of 2.5 K. We performed Crocus simulations over the past 39 years (1979-2018) for circumpolar taiga (open forest) and pan-Arctic areas at a resolution of 0.5 degrees, driven by ERAi meteorological data. Snowpack properties over that period feature significant increase in spring snow bulk density (mainly in May and June), a downward trend in snow cover duration and an upward trend in wet snow (mainly in spring and fall). The pan-Arctic maximum snow water equivalent shows a decrease of -0.33 cm dec(-1). With the ERAi air temperature trend of +0.84 K dec(-1) featuring Arctic winter warming, these snow property changes have led to an upward trend in soil surface temperature (Tss) at a rate of +0.41 K dec(-1) in winter. We show that the implemented snowpack property changes increased the Tss trend by 36% compared to the standard simulation. Winter induced changes in Tss led to a significant increase of 16% (+4 cm dec(-1)) in the estimated active layer thickness (ALT) over the past 39 years. An increase in ALT could have a significant impact on permafrost evolution, Arctic erosion and hydrology.[Royer, Alain; Vargel, Celine; Langlois, Alexandre] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Royer, Alain; Vargel, Celine; Langlois, Alexandre] Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Picard, Ghislain; Vargel, Celine] UGA, CNRS, Inst Geosci Environm IGE, UMR 5001, Grenoble, France; [Gouttevin, Isabelle; Dumont, Marie] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Toulouse, Meteo France, CNRS,CNRM,Ctr Etud Neige, Grenoble, FranceUniversity of Sherbrooke; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Meteo FranceRoyer, A (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada.;Royer, A (corresponding author), Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.alain.royer@usherbrooke.caDumont, Marie/R-4507-2019Dumont, Marie/0000-0002-4002-5873Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Polar Knowledge Canada; Quebec government's fund: Fond du Quebec Recherche Nature et Technologie; French-Quebec collaborative program (Samuel de Champlain); ANR JCJC EBONI grant [ANR-16-CE01-0006]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [949516]; Labex OSUG@2020 [ANR-10-LABX0056]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada; Quebec government's fund: Fond du Quebec Recherche Nature et Technologie; French-Quebec collaborative program (Samuel de Champlain); ANR JCJC EBONI grant(French National Research Agency (ANR)); European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union(European Research Council (ERC)); Labex OSUG@2020This work was made possible thanks to the financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Knowledge Canada, the Quebec government's fund: Fond du Quebec Recherche Nature et Technologie and the French-Quebec collaborative program (Samuel de Champlain). We gratefully acknowledge the logistical support we received for field campaigns at Cambridge Bay, Nu (Canadian High Arctic Research Station) and at Trail Valley Creek (TVC), NWT (P. Marsh, Wilfrid Laurier University). The TVC experiment was carried out in collaboration with Environment and Climate Change Canada. Marie Dumont is partly funded by ANR JCJC EBONI grant (ANR-16-CE01-0006). Marie Dumont has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 949516, IVORI). IGE and CNRM-CEN are part of Labex OSUG@2020(ANR-10-LABX0056).9455<180 Day Usage Count>112FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.JUN 2820219
685140
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.685140http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.68514019Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyTH1BDgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006718285000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13873
Improving the framework for assessment of ecological change in the Arctic: A circumpolar synthesis of freshwater biodiversity
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYaquatic assemblages; biomonitoring; climate change; alpha diversity; beta diversityCLIMATE; SCIENCE; SCALE; LAKE; KNOWLEDGE; TURNOVER; IMPACTS; TRENDSGoedkoop, W; Culp, JM; Christensen, T; Christoffersen, KS; Fefilova, E; Gudbergsson, G; Larusson, KF; Liljaniemi, P; Novichkova, AA; Olafsson, JS; Sandoy, S; Lento, JGoedkoop, Willem; Culp, Joseph M.; Christensen, Tom; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Fefilova, Elena; Gudbergsson, Gudni; Larusson, Kari Fannar; Liljaniemi, Petri; Novichkova, Anna A.; Olafsson, Jon S.; Sandoy, Steinar; Lento, JenniferEnglish1. Climate warming and subsequent landscape transformations result in rapid ecological change in Arctic freshwaters. Here we provide a synthesis of the diversity of benthic diatoms, plankton, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Arctic freshwaters. 2. We developed a multi-organism measure of alpha diversity to characterise circumpolar spatial patterns and their environmental correlates, and we assessed ecoregion-level beta diversity for all organism groups across the Arctic. 3. Alpha diversity was lowest at high latitudes and elevations and where dispersal barriers exist. Diversity was positively related to temperature, and both temperature and connectivity limited diversity on high latitude islands. Beta diversity was highly variable among ecoregions for most organism groups, ranging from 0 (complete similarity) to 1 (complete dissimilarity). The high degree of dissimilarity within many ecoregions illustrates the uniqueness of many Arctic freshwater communities. 4. Northward range expansion of freshwater taxa into Arctic regions may lead to increased competition for cold-stenothermic and cold-adapted species, and ultimately lead to the extinction of unique Arctic species. Societal responses to predicted impacts include: (1) actions to improve detection of changes (e.g., harmonised monitoring, remote sensing) and engagement with Arctic residents and Indigenous Peoples; and (2) actions to reduce the impact of unwanted changes (e.g., reductions of CO2 emissions, action against the spread of invasive species). 5. Current Arctic freshwater monitoring shows large gaps in spatial coverage, while time series data are scarce. Arctic countries should develop an intensified, long-term monitoring programme with routine reporting. Such an approach will allow detection of long-term changes in water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of Arctic freshwaters.[Goedkoop, Willem] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Christensen, Tom] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Freshwater Biol Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Fefilova, Elena] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Ural Branch, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Gudbergsson, Gudni; Olafsson, Jon S.] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Larusson, Kari Fannar] CAFF Int Secretariat, Akureyri, Iceland; [Liljaniemi, Petri] Minist Environm, Helsinki, Finland; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Biol Fac, Dept Gen Ecol & Hydrobiol, Moscow, Russia; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Fed State Budget Inst State Nat Reserve Wrangel I, Pevek, Russia; [Sandoy, Steinar] Norwegian Environm Agcy, Trondheim, Norway; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, CanadaSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Wilfrid Laurier University; Aarhus University; University of Copenhagen; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI); Lomonosov Moscow State University; University of New Brunswick; University of New BrunswickGoedkoop, W (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden.willem.goedkoop@slu.seChristensen, Tom/ABA-6135-2020; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014Christensen, Tom/0000-0002-8125-6459; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF)All authors have contributed to this synthesis paper, with data collections and analyses interpretations, as well as in writing/editing. National government organisations that contributed data including Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Parks Canada Nahanni National Park Reserve, Parks Canada Western Arctic Field Unit, Danish Environmental Protection Agency (Ministry of Environment of Denmark), Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities, Greenland Ecological Monitoring, Ministry of the Environment of Finland, Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment of Finnish Lapland, Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Resources Institute of Finland and Finnish Universities of Helsinki, Turku and Oulu, The Norwegian Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (SWAM), and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). We also thank the following data providers: Newfoundland and Labrador Water Resources Management Division; the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit; members of the Paleoecological Environmental Assessment & Research Laboratory, including Dermot Antoniades, Marianne Douglas, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Katherine Griffiths, Kathryn Hargan, Adam Jeziorski, Bronwyn Keatley, Tamsin Laing, Tammy Karst-Riddoch, Darlene Lim, Kathryn McCleary, Neal Michelutti, Alyson Paul, Reinhard Pienitz, Emily Stewart, Jon Sweetman, Joshua Thienpont; Jan Weckstrom; University of Ottawa Laboratory for Paleoclimatology and Climatology; contributors to the online Circumpolar Diatom Database (CDD), including Reinhard Pienitz, Ghislain Cote, Marie-Andree Fallu, and Laurence Laperriere; Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics of Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Science Center; of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Federal University; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies of the Kazan Federal University; Lena DeltaNature Reserve; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), data host for national freshwater monitoring in Sweden; Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) programme; Icelandic Marine and Freshwater Research Institute; University of Iceland; Holar University College; the Icelandic Institute of Natural History; the Natural History Museum of Kopavogur. The study contributes to the Federal Tasks of the Department of Animals Ecology of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (to E. Fefilova). We also acknowledge Christian E. Zimmerman and two anonymous reviewers for valuable input on an earlier version of this manuscript. Finally, we acknowledge the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) for their support throughout this process.6622<180 Day Usage Count>1018WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI210223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13873http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.138732021-12-01 00:00:0014Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Published2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0007359610000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarDehcho, North SlaveScotty Creek Research Station, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8
Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; SOIL RESPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SNOW DEPTH; ECOSYSTEMS; EXCHANGE; RELEASE; AMPLIFICATIONNatali, SM; Watts, JD; Rogers, BM; Potter, S; Ludwig, SM; Selbmann, AK; Sullivan, PF; Abbott, BW; Arndt, KA; Birch, L; Bjorkman, MP; Bloom, AA; Celis, G; Christensen, TR; Christiansen, CT; Commane, R; Cooper, EJ; Crill, P; Czimczik, C; Davydov, S; Du, JY; Egan, JE; Elberling, B; Euskirchen, ES; Friborg, T; Genet, H; Gockede, M; Goodrich, JP; Grogan, P; Helbig, M; Jafarov, EE; Jastrow, JD; Kalhori, AAM; Kim, Y; Kimball, JS; Kutzbach, L; Lara, MJ; Larsen, KS; Lee, BY; Liu, ZH; Loranty, MM; Lund, M; Lupascu, M; Madani, N; Malhotra, A; Matamala, R; McFarland, J; McGuire, AD; Michelsen, A; Minions, C; Oechel, WC; Olefeldt, D; Parmentier, FJW; Pirk, N; Poulter, B; Quinton, W; Rezanezhad, F; Risk, D; Sachs, T; Schaefer, K; Schmidt, NM; Schuur, EAG; Semenchuk, PR; Shaver, G; Sonnentag, O; Starr, G; Treat, CC; Waldrop, MP; Wang, YH; Welker, J; Wille, C; Xu, XF; Zhang, Z; Zhuang, QL; Zona, DNatali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Potter, Stefano; Ludwig, Sarah M.; Selbmann, Anne-Katrin; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Arndt, Kyle A.; Birch, Leah; Bjorkman, Mats P.; Bloom, A. Anthony; Celis, Gerardo; Christensen, Torben R.; Christiansen, Casper T.; Commane, Roisin; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Crill, Patrick; Czimczik, Claudia; Davydov, Sergey; Du, Jinyang; Egan, Jocelyn E.; Elberling, Bo; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Friborg, Thomas; Genet, Helene; Goeckede, Mathias; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Grogan, Paul; Helbig, Manuel; Jafarov, Elchin E.; Jastrow, Julie D.; Kalhori, Aram A. M.; Kim, Yongwon; Kimball, John S.; Kutzbach, Lars; Lara, Mark J.; Larsen, Klaus S.; Lee, Bang-Yong; Liu, Zhihua; Loranty, Michael M.; Lund, Magnus; Lupascu, Massimo; Madani, Nima; Malhotra, Avni; Matamala, Roser; McFarland, Jack; McGuire, A. David; Michelsen, Anders; Minions, Christina; Oechel, Walter C.; Olefeldt, David; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Pirk, Norbert; Poulter, Ben; Quinton, William; Rezanezhad, Fereidoun; Risk, David; Sachs, Torsten; Schaefer, Kevin; Schmidt, Niels M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Semenchuk, Philipp R.; Shaver, Gaius; Sonnentag, Oliver; Starr, Gregory; Treat, Claire C.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Wang, Yihui; Welker, Jeffrey; Wille, Christian; Xu, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Zhen; Zhuang, Qianlai; Zona, DonatellaEnglishRecent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter(1-3), greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)(4). However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates(5,6). Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from Arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1,662 TgC per year from the permafrost region during the winter season (October-April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1,032 TgC per year). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions up to 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Our results provide a baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.[Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Potter, Stefano; Ludwig, Sarah M.; Birch, Leah; Minions, Christina] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Selbmann, Anne-Katrin] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; [Sullivan, Patrick F.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK USA; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Arndt, Kyle A.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Kalhori, Aram A. M.; Oechel, Walter C.; Wang, Yihui; Xu, Xiaofeng; Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Bjorkman, Mats P.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Bloom, A. Anthony; Madani, Nima] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Celis, Gerardo; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Christensen, Torben R.; Lund, Magnus; Schmidt, Niels M.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Christiansen, Casper T.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Bergen, Norway; [Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA; [Cooper, Elisabeth J.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Crill, Patrick] Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Stockholm, Sweden; [Crill, Patrick] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [Czimczik, Claudia] Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA; [Davydov, Sergey] Pacific Geog Inst, Northeast Sci Stn, Cherskii, Russia; [Du, Jinyang; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Egan, Jocelyn E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Genet, Helene; McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Friborg, Thomas; Larsen, Klaus S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Goodrich, Jordan P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Northern Studies, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Jafarov, Elchin E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA; [Jastrow, Julie D.; Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA; [Kim, Yongwon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Kutzbach, Lars] Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany; [Lara, Mark J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA; [Lee, Bang-Yong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea; [Liu, Zhihua] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Lupascu, Massimo] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore, Singapore; [Malhotra, Avni] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [McFarland, Jack; Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Geol Minerals Energy & Geophys Sci Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA; [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Oechel, Walter C.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Pirk, Norbert] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Pirk, Norbert] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Poulter, Ben] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Water Inst, Ecohydrol Res Grp, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Risk, David] St Francis Xavier Univ, Antigonish, NS, Canada; [Sachs, Torsten; Wille, Christian] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Semenchuk, Philipp R.] Univ Vienna, Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Vienna, Austria; [Shaver, Gaius] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL USA; [Treat, Claire C.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Welker, Jeffrey] Univ Oulu, Ecol & Genet Res Unit, Oulu, Finland; [Welker, Jeffrey] UArctic, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Zhang, Zhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, EnglandWoods Hole Research Center; University of Bayreuth; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Brigham Young University; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Gothenburg; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Northern Arizona University; Aarhus University; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE); Columbia University; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Stockholm University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Dalhousie University; University of Copenhagen; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Copenhagen; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Queens University - Canada; McMaster University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Hamburg; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; Colgate University; National University of Singapore; Stanford University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Copenhagen; University of Exeter; University of Alberta; University of Oslo; Lund University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo; Saint Francis Xavier University - Canada; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Vienna; Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Eastern Finland; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of Oulu; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; University of SheffieldNatali, SM (corresponding author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.snatali@whrc.orgLund, Magnus/J-4922-2013; Poulter, Ben/ABB-5886-2021; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Lupascu, Massimo/AAA-3051-2021; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Zhang, Zhen/P-4169-2016; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013; Liu, ZH/H-7536-2012; Bloom, A Anthony/G-8072-2017; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Crill, Patrick/ABC-1357-2021; Wille, Christian/J-3657-2013; Xu, Xiaofeng/B-2391-2008; Xu, Xiaofeng/Y-3672-2019; Lupascu, Massimo/AAD-8686-2021; Abbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Lara, Mark J./I-6049-2019; Jastrow, Julie D./AAX-1631-2020; Oechel, Walter/M-1347-2019; Kimball, John S/B-9234-2011; Arndt, Kyle/ABC-2565-2021; Davydov, Sergei P/S-9906-2018; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg/C-7549-2015; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Kutzbach, Lars/L-5765-2015; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014Lund, Magnus/0000-0003-1622-2305; Poulter, Ben/0000-0002-9493-8600; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Zhang, Zhen/0000-0003-0899-1139; Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; Liu, ZH/0000-0002-0086-5659; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Wille, Christian/0000-0003-0930-6527; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Xu, Xiaofeng/0000-0002-6553-6514; Lupascu, Massimo/0000-0002-0416-629X; Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Lara, Mark J./0000-0002-4670-7031; Jastrow, Julie D./0000-0001-7069-4560; Arndt, Kyle/0000-0003-4158-2054; Davydov, Sergei P/0000-0003-0820-9426; Semenchuk, Philipp/0000-0002-1949-6427; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Potter, Stefano/0000-0002-5141-3409; Larsen, Klaus Steenberg/0000-0002-1421-6182; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Czimczik, Claudia/0000-0002-8251-6603; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Malhotra, Avni/0000-0002-7850-6402; Kalhori, Aram/0000-0002-0652-8987; Pirk, Norbert/0000-0002-8137-2329; Natali, Susan/0000-0002-3010-2994; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-8015-3036; Kutzbach, Lars/0000-0003-2631-2742; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Ludwig, Sarah/0000-0002-2873-479XNASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX15AT81A]; NASA New Investigator Program [NNX17AF16G]; National Science Foundation [955713, 1331083, 1503559]; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments Arctic Project, Department of Energy Office of Science; Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016M1A5A1901769, KOPRI-PN-19081]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: UKRI; NASA [NNX17AF16G, 1002415] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); NASA New Investigator Program(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments Arctic Project, Department of Energy Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This study was supported by funding from NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE; grant no. NNX15AT81A to S.M.N.), with additional funding from NASA New Investigator Program (grant no. NNX17AF16G to J.D.W.), National Science Foundation (grant nos. 955713 and 1331083 to E.A.G.S.; no. 1503559 to E.E.J.), the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments Arctic Project, Department of Energy Office of Science to E.E.J., Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research to J.D.J and R.M. (grant no. DE-AC02-06CH11357), National Research Foundation of Korea (grant nos. NRF-2016M1A5A1901769 and KOPRI-PN-19081 to B.-Y.L. and Y.K.), and funds that supported the data included in this synthesis.49144144<180 Day Usage Count>40235NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.NOV2019911852+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0592-810Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJI8TB35069807Green Submitted, Green AcceptedYN2023-03-14WOS:0004937351000180 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127425
Mechanisms behind the uneven increases in early, mid- and late winter streamflow across four Arctic river basins
ArticleJOURNAL OF HYDROLOGYWinter streamflow; Climate warming; Precipitation; Permafrost; Arctic riversCLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE BREAKUP; RUNOFF; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PERMAFROST; THICKNESS; DISCHARGE; PATTERNS; DURATIONLiu, SQ; Wang, P; Yu, JJ; Wang, TY; Cai, HY; Huang, QW; Pozdniakov, SP; Zhang, YC; Kazak, ESLiu, Shiqi; Wang, Ping; Yu, Jingjie; Wang, Tianye; Cai, Hongyan; Huang, Qiwei; Pozdniakov, Sergey P.; Zhang, Yichi; Kazak, Ekaterina S.EnglishThe increasing winter streamflow of major Arctic rivers has been well documented. However, the contribution of climate change to winter streamflow and associated mechanisms of streamflow generation during early, mid- and late winter are not fully understood. Among the Arctic rivers, we selected four rivers with relatively few dam effects (Lena, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie rivers) and analysed their climate change-related responses in streamflow during early, mid-, and late winter. Our results showed that the winter streamflow (Qwin) of the Lena, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie rivers increased from 1980 to 2019 by approximately 43%, 72%, 16% and 16% (1.7-5.2 times greater than increases in annual streamflow), respectively. In general, the rate of streamflow increase was the greatest in early winter, followed by mid- and late winter. The streamflow in late winter was particularly sensitive to air temperature changes, and permafrost degradation due to rising temperatures is likely a major factor driving late winter streamflow increases. In contrast to late winter streamflow, the larger rate of increase in early winter streamflow can be mainly attributed to the additional influence of increased late summer precipitation on streamflow generation. The different change rates in winter streamflow among the four river basins are highly determined by permafrost degradation and related baseflow discharge processes. Under warming climate conditions, winter streamflow generation is strongly associated with the enhanced hydrological cycle that is apparent in both the surface (e.g., precipitation and river ice) and the subsurface (the active layer and groundwater discharge).[Liu, Shiqi; Wang, Ping; Yu, Jingjie; Cai, Hongyan; Huang, Qiwei; Zhang, Yichi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Wang, Ping; Yu, Jingjie; Cai, Hongyan; Huang, Qiwei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Wang, Tianye] Zhengzhou Univ, Sch Water Conservancy Engn, 100 Sci Ave, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, Peoples R China; [Pozdniakov, Sergey P.; Kazak, Ekaterina S.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Hydrogeol, GSP 1,Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, RussiaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Zhengzhou University; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityWang, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;Wang, P (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.wangping@igsnrr.ac.cnПоздняков, Сергей/AAS-6432-2020; Wang, Ping/ACH-8897-2022; Wang, Hopfield/GXH-1310-2022Поздняков, Сергей/0000-0002-2932-4565; Wang, Ping/0000-0003-2481-9953; HUANG, Qiwei/0000-0001-9021-6320; Liu, Shiqi/0000-0002-4706-1316; Kazak, Ekaterina/0000-0002-4427-3196NSFC-RFS [42061134017, 21-47-00008]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [E1C10060AE]; Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA2003020101]; Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China [2017FY101302, 2017FY101301]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [O7Z76095Z1]; Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2022-2023NSFC-RFS; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(China Postdoctoral Science Foundation); Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2022-2023This research was funded by the NSFC-RFS (Nos. 42061134017 and 21-47-00008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. E1C10060AE), the Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA2003020101), the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (Nos. 2017FY101302 and 2017FY101301), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. O7Z76095Z1). We thank Qi Tang from the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences for her helpful advice. The authors gratefully acknowledge the associate editor, Dr. Francesco Avanzi, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which have led to substantial improvements over an earlier version of the manuscript. Ping Wang and Sergey P. Pozdniakov are grateful for support from the Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2022-2023.9166<180 Day Usage Count>1029ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0022-16941879-2707J HYDROLJ. Hydrol.MAR2022606
127425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127425http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.1274252022-01-01 00:00:0012Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Geology; Water ResourcesYV1TC2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007525144000020 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07145
Mercury Export from Arctic Great Rivers
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMACKENZIE RIVER; YUKON RIVER; OCEAN; SEDIMENT; METHYLMERCURY; DELIVERY; BALANCE; BASIN; DOCZolkos, S; Krabbenhoft, DP; Suslova, A; Tank, SE; McClelland, JW; Spencer, RGM; Shiklomanov, A; Zhulidov, AV; Gurtovaya, T; Zimov, N; Zimov, S; Mutter, EA; Kutny, L; Amos, E; Holmes, RMZolkos, Scott; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Suslova, Anya; Tank, Suzanne E.; McClelland, James W.; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Shiklomanov, Alexander; Zhulidov, Alexander, V; Gurtovaya, Tatiana; Zimov, Nikita; Zimov, Sergey; Mutter, Edda A.; Kutny, Les; Amos, Edwin; Holmes, Robert M.EnglishLand-ocean linkages are strong across the circumpolar north, where the Arctic Ocean accounts for 1% of the global ocean volume and receives more than 10% of the global river discharge. Yet estimates of Arctic riverine mercury (Hg) export constrained from direct Hg measurements remain sparse. Here, we report results from a coordinated, year-round sampling program that focused on the six major Arctic rivers to establish a contemporary (2012-2017) benchmark of riverine Hg export. We determine that the six major Arctic rivers exported an average of 20 000 kg y(-1) of total Hg (THg, all forms of Hg). Upscaled to the pan-Arctic, we estimate THg flux of 37 000 kg y(-1) More than 90% of THg flux occurred during peak river discharge in spring and summer. Normalizing fluxes to watershed area (yield) reveals higher THg yields in regions where greater denudation likely enhances Hg mobilization. River discharge, suspended sediment, and dissolved organic carbon predicted THg concentration with moderate fidelity, while suspended sediment and water yields predicted THg yield with high fidelity. These findings establish a benchmark in the face of rapid Arctic warming and an intensifying hydrologic cycle, which will likely accelerate Hg cycling in tandem with changing inputs from thawing permafrost and industrial activity.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Water Sci Ctr, Mercury Res Lab, Middleton, WI 53562 USA; [Suslova, Anya; Holmes, Robert M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA; [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA; [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Shiklomanov, Alexander] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Zhulidov, Alexander, V; Gurtovaya, Tatiana] South Russia Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proje, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia; [Zimov, Nikita; Zimov, Sergey] Russian Acad Sci, Northeast Sci Stn, Far Eastern Branch, Chersky 690041, Russia; [Mutter, Edda A.] Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA; [Kutny, Les] Les Kutny Consultant, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Amos, Edwin] Western Arctic Res Ctr, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Woods Hole Research Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Russian Academy of SciencesZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.sgzolkos@gmail.comZimov, Sergey/K-3009-2018; McClelland, James W/C-5396-2008; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012McClelland, James W/0000-0001-9619-8194; Zimov, Sergey/0000-0002-0053-6599; Shiklomanov, Alexander/0000-0001-9790-3510; Mutter, Edda/0000-0002-1681-8080; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Arctic Great Rivers Observatory from the National Science Foundation [1602615, 1602680, 1603149, 1602879]; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [18-05-60192]Arctic Great Rivers Observatory from the National Science Foundation; USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program(United States Geological Survey); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR))We thank Mikhail Suslov, Martin Kelly, community members from Tsiigehtchic, the Gwichya Gwich'in RRC, the Aurora Research Institute, and the many other field scientists and collaborators for their assistance in collecting samples. We acknowledge support for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory from the National Science Foundation (grants 1602615, 1602680, 1603149, and 1602879) and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. The processing of discharge data for Russian Arctic rivers was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-05-60192). All data are available in the manuscript text or in the ArcticGRO database online (https://arcticgreatrivers.org/data/). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.613940<180 Day Usage Count>849AMER CHEMICAL SOCWASHINGTON1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA0013-936X1520-5851ENVIRON SCI TECHNOLEnviron. Sci. Technol.APR 7202054741404148
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07145http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b071459Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyLE0MB321221252023-03-11WOS:0005264180000450 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveLakes in the Canadian arctic archipelago, Mackenzie Delta, and northeast of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106594
Metrics of structural change as indicators of chironomid community stability in high latitude lakes
ArticleQUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWSChironomids; Community structure; Beta diversity; Compositional disorder; Network skewnessEARLY WARNING SIGNALS; SEDIMENTARY ANCIENT DNA; LATE-HOLOCENE CLIMATE; REGIME SHIFTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BETA-DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; DIPTERA; TEMPERATUREMayfield, RJ; Langdon, PG; Doncaster, CP; Dearing, JA; Wang, R; Nazarova, LB; Medeiros, AS; Brooks, SJMayfield, Roseanna J.; Langdon, Peter G.; Doncaster, C. Patrick; Dearing, John A.; Wang, Rong; Nazarova, Larisa B.; Medeiros, Andrew S.; Brooks, Stephen J.EnglishUnderstanding the effects of climate change on ecosystem structure and stability is challenging, espe-cially in high latitude regions that are predicted to experience the largest increases in ambient temperature. Global warming is likely to be a key driver of ecosystem change in freshwater lakes. Increased temperature can positively or negatively affect lake community composition through the loss of cold adapted taxa and the arrival of temperate or eurytopic taxa. Here, we analyse the likely effects of temperature-induced changes in taxonomic richness and compositional turnover of environmentally sensitive chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) across three regions northern North America, Norway, and Russia using existing datasets. Structural parameters (beta diversity, compositional disorder, and network skewness) were applied to model-simulated and empirical chironomid datasets across a large spatial temperature gradient. The analyses of empirical datasets showed changes in community structure across temperature gradients, suggesting varying states of ecosystem stability or instability. The comparison with null models enabled assessment as to whether these stresses agreed with expected patterns due to covarying summer temperature conditions or whether they deviated from expectations suggesting additional stress on the ecosystems. For all three regions, lakes in the mid-temperature range showed most evidence of relative ecosystem stability, with greater beta diversity, compositional disorder, and skewness, unanticipated by the modelled simulations. This is most likely due to more diverse habitats across the ecotone boundaries and additional factors that can influence ecosystem structures. Thus, we show that structural changes typical for ecosystem stability can be detected through changes in community structure across temperature gradients. This is important for understanding how lakes may change under current and future climate change. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Mayfield, Roseanna J.; Langdon, Peter G.; Dearing, John A.] Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Doncaster, C. Patrick] Univ Southampton, Biol Sci, Inst Life Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Wang, Rong] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China; [Nazarova, Larisa B.] Potsdam Univ, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany; [Nazarova, Larisa B.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Nazarova, Larisa B.] Kazan Fed Univ, Kremlyovskaya Str 18, Kazan 420018, Russia; [Medeiros, Andrew S.] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Brooks, Stephen J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, EnglandUniversity of Southampton; University of Southampton; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS; University of Potsdam; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Kazan Federal University; Dalhousie University; Natural History Museum LondonMayfield, RJ (corresponding author), Univ Southampton, Geog & Environm Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.R.Mayfield@soton.ac.uk; P.G.Langdon@soton.ac.uk; cpd@soton.ac.uk; J.Dearing@soton.ac.uk; rwang@niglas.ac.cn; nazarova_larisa@mail.ru; andrew.medeiros@dal.ca; S.Brooks@nhm.ac.ukNazarova, Larisa/C-8926-2014; Nazarova, Larisa/AAP-7185-2020; Doncaster, C. Patrick/AAT-7621-2020Nazarova, Larisa/0000-0003-4145-9689; Doncaster, C. Patrick/0000-0001-9406-0693; Langdon, Peter/0000-0003-2724-264312177<180 Day Usage Count>113PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0277-3791QUATERNARY SCI REVQuat. Sci. Rev.DEC 12020249
106594
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106594http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.10659415Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyOS1FUGreen Accepted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005899106000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111416
Mixed Temperature-Moisture Signal in delta O-18 Records of Boreal Conifers from the Permafrost Zone
ArticleATMOSPHEREsubarctic; oxygen patterns; tree-ring cellulose; vapor pressure deficit; precipitation; air temperatureTREE-RING CHRONOLOGY; WHITE SPRUCE; SUMMER TEMPERATURES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RECONSTRUCTION; GROWTH; WATER; 20TH-CENTURY; DELTA-C-13; HOLOCENEZharkov, MS; Fonti, MV; Trushkina, TV; Barinov, VV; Taynik, AV; Porter, TJ; Saurer, M; Churakova, OVZharkov, Mikhail S.; Fonti, Marina V.; Trushkina, Tatyana V.; Barinov, Valentin V.; Taynik, Anna V.; Porter, Trevor J.; Saurer, Matthias; Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.EnglishGlobal climatic changes have been observed for all natural biomes, with the greatest impact in the permafrost zone. The short series of direct observations of air temperature and precipitation from meteorological stations for this territory make it difficult to use them in studies of the impact of climate change on forest and forest-tundra ecosystems, but only longer series of gridded data expand the temporal-spatial resolution of this analysis. We compared local and gridded air temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) data, analyzed the trends of their changes over the last century for three sites in the permafrost zone (YAK and TAY in Russia, and CAN in Canada), and estimated the effect of their variability on oxygen isotopes in the tree-ring cellulose (delta O-18(cell)) of three different species (Larix cajanderi Mayr, Larix gmelinii Rupr. Rupr and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Climate trend analysis showed strong changes after the 1980s, and even more pronounced from 2000 to 2020. We revealed that delta O-18(cell)-YAK showed mixed signals of the July temperature (r = 0.49; p = 0.001), precipitation (r = -0.37; p = 0.02) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (r = 0.31; p = 0.02), while delta O-18(cell)-CAN captured longer March-May (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) and July (r = 0.32, p < 0.05) temperature signals as well as spring VPD (r = 0.54, p = 0.001). The delta O-18(cell)-TAY showed a significant correlation with air temperature in July (r = 0.23, p = 0.04) and VPD in March (r = -0.26, p = 0.03). The obtained eco-hydrological relationships indicate the importance of temperature and moisture to varying degrees, which can be explained by site- and species-specific differences.[Zharkov, Mikhail S.; Fonti, Marina V.; Barinov, Valentin V.; Taynik, Anna V.; Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia; [Trushkina, Tatyana V.] Reshetnev Siberian State Univ Sci & Technol, Krasnoyarsk 660037, Russia; [Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog Geomat & Environm, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Saurer, Matthias; Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandSiberian Federal University; Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science & Technology; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape ResearchChurakova, OV (corresponding author), Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.;Churakova, OV (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.mzharkov@sfu-kras.ru; mbryukhanova@sfu-kras.ru; cos@sibsau.ru; vvbarinov@sfu-kras.ru; ataynik@sfu-kras.ru; trevor.porter@utoronto.ca; matthias.saurer@wsl.ch; ochurakova@sfu-kras.ruZharkov, Mikhail/AAC-8310-2022; Barinov, Valentin/T-2127-2018; Fonti, Marina/L-3978-2013Zharkov, Mikhail/0000-0003-0522-1892; Barinov, Valentin/0000-0002-3582-3440; Fonti, Marina/0000-0002-2415-8019; Taynik, Anna/0000-0001-7441-6947Russian Science Foundation (RSF) [21-17-00006]; Russian Science Foundation [21-17-00006] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF)(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))FundingThis research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant number 21-17-00006 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/21-17-00006/, accessed on 1 June 2021).4411<180 Day Usage Count>010MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereNOV20211211
1416
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111416http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1211141622Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesXJ6NUgold, Green Published2023-03-12WOS:0007269029000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North Slave, South SlaveWithin the range of various muskox herdsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01205-x
Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future
ArticleAMBIOAbundance; Circumpolar; Drivers; Ovibos; Population status; TrendsPLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; OX OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA; RANGE EXPANSION; CARIBOU; POPULATION; HEALTH; DNA; RESILIENCECuyler, C; Rowell, J; Adamczewski, J; Anderson, M; Blake, J; Bretten, T; Brodeur, V; Campbell, M; Checkley, SL; Cluff, HD; Cote, SD; Davison, T; Dumond, M; Ford, B; Gruzdev, A; Gunn, A; Jones, P; Kutz, S; Leclerc, LM; Mallory, C; Mavrot, F; Mosbacher, JB;Cuyler, Christine; Rowell, Janice; Adamczewski, Jan; Anderson, Morgan; Blake, John; Bretten, Tord; Brodeur, Vincent; Campbell, Mitch; Checkley, Sylvia L.; Cluff, H. Dean; Cote, Steeve D.; Davison, Tracy; Dumond, Mathieu; Ford, Barrie; Gruzdev, Alexander; Gunn, Anne; Jones, Patrick; Kutz, Susan; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Mallory, Conor; Mavrot, Fabien; Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun; Okhlopkov, Innokentiy Mikhailovich; Reynolds, Patricia; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Sipko, Taras; Suitor, Mike; Tomaselli, Matilde; Ytrehus, BjornarEnglishMuskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. Acknowledging uncertainties, global abundance is ca 170 000 muskoxen. Not all populations are thriving. Six populations are in decline, and as recently as the turn of the century, one of these was the largest population in the world, equaling ca 41% of today's total abundance. Climate, diseases, and anthropogenic changes are likely the principal drivers of muskox population change and result in multiple stressors that vary temporally and spatially. Impacts to muskoxen are precipitated by habitat loss/degradation, altered vegetation and species associations, pollution, and harvest. Which elements are relevant for a specific population will vary, as will their cumulative interactions. Our summaries highlight the importance of harmonizing existing data, intensifying long-term monitoring efforts including demographics and health assessments, standardizing and implementing monitoring protocols, and increasing stakeholder engagement/contributions.[Cuyler, Christine] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [Rowell, Janice] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Extens, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Adamczewski, Jan] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Wildlife Div, POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Anderson, Morgan] BC Minist Forests Lands Nat Resources Operat & Ru, 2000 South Ospika Blvd, Prince George, BC V2N 4W5, Canada; [Blake, John] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Anim Resources Ctr, POB 756980, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Bretten, Tord] Norwegian Environm Agcy, POB 5672, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway; [Brodeur, Vincent] Minist Forests, Dept Wildlife Management Northern Quebec, Wildlife & Pk Quebec,951 Hamel Blvd, Chibougamau, PQ G8P 2Z3, Canada; [Campbell, Mitch] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, POB 120, Arviat, NT X0C 0E0, Canada; [Checkley, Sylvia L.; Mavrot, Fabien; Mosbacher, Jesper Bruun] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; [Cluff, H. Dean] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, POB 2668,3803 Bretzlaff Dr, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada; [Cote, Steeve D.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, 1045 Ave Medecine, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Cote, Steeve D.] Univ Laval, Ctr Northern Studies, 1045 Ave Medecine, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Davison, Tracy] Wildlife Management, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, POB 2749, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Dumond, Mathieu] Umingmak Prod Inc, Kugluktuk, NU X0B 0A2, Canada; [Ford, Barrie] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, POB 179, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada; [Gruzdev, Alexander] Wrangel Isl State Reserve, Pevek 689400, Russia; [Gunn, Anne] 368 Roland Rd, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 1V1, Canada; [Jones, Patrick] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, POB 1467, Bethel, AK 99559 USA; [Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, POB 377, Kugluktuk, NU X0B 0A2, Canada; [Mallory, Conor] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, POB 209, Iglulik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada; [Okhlopkov, Innokentiy Mikhailovich] RAS, SB, IBPC, 41 Lenina Ave, Yakutsk 677980, Russia; [Reynolds, Patricia] POB 80843, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Schmidt, Niels Martin] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Sipko, Taras] Russian Acad Sci, Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, POB 11, Moscow 119071, Russia; [Suitor, Mike] Environm Yukon, Fish & Wildlife, Inuvialuit & Migratory Caribou, POB 600, Dawson City, YT Y0B 1G0, Canada; [Tomaselli, Matilde] Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Res Stn, 1 Uvajuq Rd,POB 2150, Cambridge Bay, NU X0B 0C0, Canada; [Ytrehus, Bjornar] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, POB 5685, N-7485 Trondheim, NorwayGreenland Institute of Natural Resources; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of Calgary; Laval University; Laval University; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; University of Calgary; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; Aarhus University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; Norwegian Institute Nature ResearchCuyler, C (corresponding author), Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland.;Rowell, J (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Nat Resources & Extens, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.chris.cuyler@natur.gl; jan.rowell@alaska.edu; Jan_Adamczewski@gov.nt.ca; morgan.anderson@gov.bc.ca; jeblake@alaska.edu; tord.bretten@miljodir.no; Vincent.Brodeur@mffp.gouv.qc.ca; mcampbell@gov.nu.ca; slchekl@ucalgary.ca; Dean_Cluff@gov.nt.ca; Steeve.Cote@Ytrehus, Bjørnar/HJP-8829-2023; Schmidt, Niels Martin/G-3843-2011Schmidt, Niels Martin/0000-0002-4166-6218; Cuyler, Christine/0000-0002-2820-8749; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687; Ytrehus, Bjornar/0000-0002-2511-865X; Mallory, Conor/0000-0002-5141-7258; Cluff, Howard Dean/0000-0002-9233-1450833535<180 Day Usage Count>225SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0044-74471654-7209AMBIOAmbioMAR2020493SI805819
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01205-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01205-x15Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKJ5OD31187429Green Published, Green Submitted, hybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005121091000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaAklavikYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2105973
'No longer solid': perceived impacts of permafrost thaw in three Arctic communities
ArticlePOLAR GEOGRAPHYCommunity perceptions; permafrost thaw; subsistence activitiesENVIRONMENTRamage, J; Jungsberg, L; Meyer, A; Gartler, SRamage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Meyer, Alexandra; Gartler, SusannaEnglishPermafrost characterizes ground conditions in most of the Arctic and is increasingly thawing. While environmental consequences of permafrost thaw are under intense scrutiny by natural and life sciences, social sciences' studies on local communities' perceptions of change is thus far limited. This hinders the development of targeted adaptation and mitigation measures. We present the results of a survey on communities' perceptions of permafrost thaw, with a focus on subsistence activities, carried out between 2019 and 2020 in Aklavik (Northwest Territories, Canada), Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway), and Qeqertarsuaq (Qeqertalik Municipality, Greenland). Results show that the majority of the 237 participants are well aware of the consequences of permafrost thaw on the landscape as well as the connection between increased air temperature and permafrost thaw. The majority perceive permafrost thaw negatively although they do not perceive it as a challenge in all life domains. Permafrost thaw is perceived as a major cause for challenges in subsistence activities, infrastructure, and the physical environment. Different perceptions within the three study communities suggests that perceptions of thaw are not solely determined by physical changes but also influenced by factors related to the societal context, including discourses of climate change, cultural background, and land use.[Ramage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja] Nordregio, Holmamiralens Vag 10, S-11149 Stockholm, Sweden; [Ramage, Justine] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Meyer, Alexandra; Gartler, Susanna] Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Vienna, AustriaStockholm University; University of ViennaRamage, J (corresponding author), Nordregio, Holmamiralens Vag 10, S-11149 Stockholm, Sweden.justine.ramage@nordregio.orgJungsberg, Leneisja Dennie Marija/0000-0002-1283-5318; Ramage, Justine/0000-0001-7481-6529; Meyer, Alexandra/0000-0003-0753-4569European Union [773421]European Union(European Commission)This paper is part of the Nunataryuk project and has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 773421.4000<180 Day Usage Count>44TAYLOR & FRANCIS INCPHILADELPHIA530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA1088-937X1939-0513POLAR GEOGRPolar Geogr.JUL 32022453226239
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.2105973http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2022.21059732022-07-01 00:00:0014Geography, PhysicalEmerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)Physical Geography3Z4ZJhybrid, Green Submitted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008394971000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242904
Quantifying DOC and Its Controlling Factors in Major Arctic Rivers during Ice-Free Conditions using Sentinel-2 Data
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGchromophoric dissolved organic matter; dissolved organic carbon; Arctic rivers; Sentinel-2DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON CONCENTRATIONS; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PERMAFROST; OCEAN; LAKE; LANDSATHuang, J; Wu, M; Cui, TW; Yang, FLHuang, Jue; Wu, Ming; Cui, Tingwei; Yang, FanlinEnglishThe six largest Arctic rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie) drain the organic-rich Arctic watersheds and serve as important pools in the global carbon cycle. Satellite remote sensing data are considered to be a necessary supplement to the ground-based monitoring of riverine organic matter circulation, especially for the ice-free periods in high-latitudes. In this study, we propose a remote sensing retrieval algorithm to obtain the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) levels of the six largest Arctic rivers using Sentinel-2 images from 2016 to 2018. These CDOM results are converted to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations using the strong relationship (R-2 = 0.89) between the field measurements of these two water constituents. The temporal-spatial distributions of the DOC in the six largest Arctic rivers during ice-free conditions are depicted. The performance of the retrieval algorithm verifies the capacity of using Sentinel-2 data to monitor riverine DOC variations due to its improved spatial resolution, better band placement, and increased observation frequency. River discharge, watershed slopes, human activities, and land use/land cover change drove much of the variation in the satellite-derived DOC. The seasonality, geography, and scale would affect the correlation between DOC concentration and these influence factors. Our results could improve the ability to monitor DOC fluxes in Arctic rivers and advance our understanding of the Earth's carbon cycle.[Huang, Jue; Wu, Ming; Yang, Fanlin] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geomat, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China; [Cui, Tingwei] Minist Nat Resources, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R ChinaShandong University of Science & Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaHuang, J (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geomat, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.huangjue@sdust.edu.cn; wuming1016@sdust.edu.cn; cuitingwei@fio.org.cn; flyang@sdust.edu.cnHuang, Jue/0000-0002-9984-366XNational Key Research and Development Program, China [2018YFC1407200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41706194, 41876206, 61890964]; Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2016DB23]; Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents [2017RCJJ073]; SDUST Research Fund [2019TDJH103]National Key Research and Development Program, China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China(Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province); Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents; SDUST Research FundThis study is funded by the National Key Research and Development Program, China (No. 2018YFC1407200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41706194, 41876206, and 61890964), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. ZR2016DB23), the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents (2017RCJJ073), and SDUST Research Fund (2019TDJH103).7556<180 Day Usage Count>1133MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.DEC 220191124
2904
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242904http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1124290420Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyKC7DHgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005073334000200 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, South SlaveInuvik, Fort SmithNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003745
Radial Growth and Physiological Response of Coniferous Trees to Arctic Amplification
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCEScircumpolar; boreal forest; tree-ring width; carbon isotope; climate change; dynamic global vegetation modelWATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; EASTERN SIBERIA; CRUST SOFTWARE; WHITE SPRUCE; RING GROWTHTei, S; Sugimoto, A; Liang, MC; Yonenobu, H; Matsuura, Y; Osawa, A; Sato, H; Fujinuma, J; Maximov, TTei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko; Liang, Maochang; Yonenobu, Hitoshi; Matsuura, Yojiro; Osawa, Akira; Sato, Hisashi; Fujinuma, Junichi; Maximov, TrofimEnglishWe describe the physiological responses of boreal conifers to climate change for the past 112years using ring-width and carbon isotope ratio (C-13) chronologies at six forest sites in northern Eurasia and Canada. Responses differed among regions, depending on their climatic and/or geographic characteristics. Tree radial growth decreased over the past 52years in central eastern Siberia with the higher rate of summer temperature increase than other regions, as indicated by the negative correlation between radial growth and summer temperature, but increased in northern Europe and Canada. Changes in tree-ring C-13 indicated that recent climatic conditions have induced stronger drought stress for trees from central eastern Siberia than for those from other regions. The observed tree growth trends were compared to those simulated using a dynamic global vegetation model. Although the modeled annual net primary production (NPP) for trees generally exhibited similar decadal variation to radial growth, simulations did not show a recent decrease in tree growth, even in central eastern Siberia. This was probably due to an overestimation of the sensitivity of modeled tree NPP to precipitation. Our results suggest that the tree NPP forecasted under the expected future increases in temperature and average precipitation might be overestimated, especially in severely dry regions such as central eastern Siberia.[Tei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Tei, Shunsuke] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan; [Tei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko] Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Liang, Maochang] Yangtze Univ, Coll Hort & Gardening, Jingzhou, Peoples R China; [Yonenobu, Hitoshi] Naruto Univ Educ, Coll Educ, Naruto, Japan; [Matsuura, Yojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Osawa, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Kyoto, Japan; [Sato, Hisashi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arct Climate & Environm Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Fujinuma, Junichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Maximov, Trofim] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Biol Problem Cryolithozone, Yakutsk, Russia; [Maximov, Trofim] North Eastern Fed Univ, Yakutsk, RussiaHokkaido University; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan; Hokkaido University; Yangtze University; Naruto University of Education; Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Kyoto University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Hokkaido University; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; North-Eastern Federal University in YakutskTei, S (corresponding author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.;Tei, S (corresponding author), Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.;Tei, S (corresponding author), Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Jstei@arc.hokudai.ac.jpTei, Shunsuke/AAA-4663-2020; Yonenobu, Hitoshi/AAB-1500-2021; Maximov, Trofim/J-8964-2016Yonenobu, Hitoshi/0000-0002-1596-7543; Maximov, Trofim/0000-0001-7003-5653; Tei, Shunsuke/0000-0003-3213-6829; Fujinuma, Junichi/0000-0001-9004-4709; Sato, Hisashi/0000-0002-6510-4914Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology-Japan (MEXT); COPERA (C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic) project - Belmont Forum; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26281003, 26101002, 17H04492] Funding Source: KAKENGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology-Japan (MEXT); COPERA (C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic) project - Belmont Forum; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))This study was partly supported by the Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology-Japan (MEXT), and the COPERA (C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic) project funded by Belmont Forum. The 0.5 latitude/longitude gridded mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, and precipitation data sets in CRU TS 3.22 are available at the Climate explorer (http://www.knmi.nl/) of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). The 2.5 latitude/longitude gridded data set of PDSI is available at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) website (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.pdsi.html). Numeric data of tree-ring parameters and model-simulated tree net primary production (NPP) are included as five tables in a supporting information file.881616<180 Day Usage Count>045AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.NOV20171221127862803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003745http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JG00374518Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyFQ0ZV2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004180868000050 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Banks Island, Victoria IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005
Range shifts in a foundation sedge potentially induce large Arctic ecosystem carbon losses and gains
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic; tundra; carbon cycle; climate change; Eriophorum vaginatum; carbon stocksPLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; GROWTH-FORM; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; TUNDRA; FEEDBACKS; RESPONSES; DYNAMICSCurasi, SR; Fetcher, N; Hewitt, RE; Lafleur, PM; Loranty, MM; Mack, MC; May, JL; Myers-Smith, IH; Natali, SM; Oberbauer, SF; Parker, TC; Sonnentag, O; Zesati, SAV; Wullschleger, SD; Rocha, AVCurasi, Salvatore R.; Fetcher, Ned; Hewitt, Rebecca E.; Lafleur, Peter M.; Loranty, Michael M.; Mack, Michelle C.; May, Jeremy L.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Natali, Susan M.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Parker, Thomas C.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Zesati, Sergio A. Vargas; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Rocha, Adrian, VEnglishFoundation species have disproportionately large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As a result, future changes to their distribution may be important determinants of ecosystem carbon (C) cycling in a warmer world. We assessed the role of a foundation tussock sedge (Eriophorum vaginatum) as a climatically vulnerable C stock using field data, a machine learning ecological niche model, and an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs). Field data indicated that tussock density has decreased by similar to 0.97 tussocks per m(2) over the past similar to 38 years on Alaska's North Slope from similar to 1981 to 2019. This declining trend is concerning because tussocks are a large Arctic C stock, which enhances soil organic layer C stocks by 6.9% on average and represents 745 Tg C across our study area. By 2100, we project that changes in tussock density may decrease the tussock C stock by 41% in regions where tussocks are currently abundant (e.g. -0.8 tussocks per m(2) and -85 Tg C on the North Slope) and may increase the tussock C stock by 46% in regions where tussocks are currently scarce (e.g. +0.9 tussocks per m(2) and +81 Tg C on Victoria Island). These climate-induced changes to the tussock C stock were comparable to, but sometimes opposite in sign, to vegetation C stock changes predicted by an ensemble of TBMs. Our results illustrate the important role of tussocks as a foundation species in determining future Arctic C stocks and highlight the need for better representation of this species in TBMs.[Curasi, Salvatore R.; Rocha, Adrian, V] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Fetcher, Ned] Wilkes Univ, Inst Environm Sci & Sustainabil, Wilkes Barre, PA 18766 USA; [Hewitt, Rebecca E.] Amherst Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Amherst, MA 01002 USA; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [May, Jeremy L.; Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Natali, Susan M.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Parker, Thomas C.] James Hutton Inst, Ecol Sci, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, Scotland; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Zesati, Sergio A. Vargas] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, 500 West Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA; [Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Curasi, Salvatore R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Curasi, Salvatore R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaUniversity of Notre Dame; Wilkes University; Amherst College; Trent University; Colgate University; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of Edinburgh; James Hutton Institute; Universite de Montreal; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Carleton University; Environment & Climate Change CanadaCurasi, SR (corresponding author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.;Curasi, SR (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;Curasi, SR (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.scurasi@nd.eduParker, Thomas/GNP-1839-2022; Loranty, Michael/A-1518-2009Lafleur, Peter/0000-0003-0347-9128; Natali, Susan/0000-0002-3010-2994; Loranty, Michael/0000-0001-8851-7386National Science Foundation [DEB 1556772, 2103539, DGE 1841556, PLR 1418010]; University of Notre Dame; Fulbright; National Geographic; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (SERFC); Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1]; Arctic LTER [NSF/PLR 1637459]National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); University of Notre Dame; Fulbright; National Geographic(National Geographic Society); Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (SERFC); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Arctic LTERThanks to A D McGuire, K Schaefer, and G Shaver for their helpful comments and R An, S Angers-Blondin, J Assmann, B Blakely, J Boyle, D Dech, M Grabowski, C Hammack, N Ho, I Klupar, S Lehtonen, H Long, M Melendez, E Niklinska, H Thomas, S Unger, C Vizza, M Williams, and N Zimov, for their assistance. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB 1556772 and 2103539 to A V R, DGE 1841556 to S RC, PLR 1418010 to N F), the University of Notre Dame, Fulbright (open study/research grant to S R C), National Geographic (Young explorer grant to S R C), the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (SERFC to P M L) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M016323/1 to I M). We also thank the World Climate Research Programme, the Permafrost Carbon Network, Toolik Field Station, the Arctic LTER (NSF/PLR 1637459), the North East Science Station, BP Exploration Alaska, Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk Territorial Park, and the Inuvialuit people. The data used in this publication will be made available through the NSF Arctic Data Center.5633<180 Day Usage Count>311IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.APR 12022174
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac600513Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences0G1JDGreen Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007778081000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllMackenzie BasinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030607
Recent Changes in Groundwater and Surface Water in Large Pan-Arctic River Basins
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGArctic; groundwater storage; surface water; GRACE; gravity; remote sensingNORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ACTIVE-LAYER; RADIOMETER DATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST; DISCHARGE; DEPLETION; ALASKA; GRACE; LAKESLin, H; Cheng, X; Zheng, L; Peng, XQ; Feng, W; Peng, FKLin, Hong; Cheng, Xiao; Zheng, Lei; Peng, Xiaoqing; Feng, Wei; Peng, FukaiEnglishSurface and groundwater in large pan-Arctic river basins are changing rapidly. High-quality estimates of these changes are challenging because of the limits on the data quality and time span of satellite observations. Here, the term pan-Arctic river refers to the rivers flowing to the Arctic Ocean basin. In this study, we provide a new evaluation of groundwater storage (GWS) changes in the Lena, Ob, Yenisei, Mackenzie and Yukon River basins from the GRACE total water storage anomaly product, in situ runoff, soil moisture form models and a snow water equivalent product that has been significantly improved. Seasonal Trend decomposition using Loess was utilized to obtain trends in GWS. Changes in surface water (SW) between 1984 and 2019 in these basins were also examined based on the Joint Research Centre Global Surface Water Transition data. Results suggested that there were great GWS losses in the North American river basins, totaling approximately -219 km(3), and GWS gains in the Siberian river basins, totaling ~340 km(3), during 2002-2017. New seasonal and permanent SWs are the primary contributors to the SW transition, accounting for more than 50% of the area of the changed SW in each basin. Changes in the Arctic hydrological system will be more significant and various in the case of rapid and continuous changes in permafrost.[Lin, Hong; Cheng, Xiao; Zheng, Lei; Feng, Wei; Peng, Fukai] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geospatial Engn & Sci, Zhuhai 519000, Peoples R China; [Cheng, Xiao; Zheng, Lei; Peng, Fukai] Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China; [Peng, Xiaoqing] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaSun Yat Sen University; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory; Lanzhou UniversityCheng, X (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geospatial Engn & Sci, Zhuhai 519000, Peoples R China.;Cheng, X (corresponding author), Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China.linh48@mail2.sysu.edu.cn; chengxiao9@mail.sysu.edu.cn; zhenglei6@mail.sysu.edu.cn; pengxq13@lzu.edu.cn; fengwei@mail.sysu.edu.cn; pengfk@mail.sysu.edu.cnLin, Hong/0000-0001-5058-994X; Cheng, Xiao/0000-0001-6910-656510522<180 Day Usage Count>924MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.FEB2022143
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030607http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1403060715Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyYY1WPgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007545849000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllRiversNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1
Recent changes to Arctic river discharge
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSWORLDS; SYSTEM; WIDTH; FLOW; MAPFeng, DM; Gleason, CJ; Lin, PR; Yang, X; Pan, M; Ishitsuka, YFeng, Dongmei; Gleason, Colin J.; Lin, Peirong; Yang, Xiao; Pan, Ming; Ishitsuka, YutaEnglishArctic rivers drain similar to 15% of the global land surface and significantly influence local communities and economies, freshwater and marine ecosystems, and global climate. However, trusted and public knowledge of pan-Arctic rivers is inadequate, especially for small rivers and across Eurasia, inhibiting understanding of the Arctic response to climate change. Here, we calculate daily streamflow in 486,493 pan-Arctic river reaches from 1984-2018 by assimilating 9.18 million river discharge estimates made from 155,710 satellite images into hydrologic model simulations. We reveal larger and more heterogenous total water export (3-17% greater) and water export acceleration (factor of 1.2-3.3 larger) than previously reported, with substantial differences across basins, ecoregions, stream orders, human regulation, and permafrost regimes. We also find significant changes in the spring freshet and summer stream intermittency. Ultimately, our results represent an updated, publicly available, and more accurate daily understanding of Arctic rivers uniquely enabled by recent advances in hydrologic modeling and remote sensing.[Feng, Dongmei; Gleason, Colin J.; Ishitsuka, Yuta] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Lin, Peirong; Pan, Ming] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Yang, Xiao] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Marine & Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA; [Pan, Ming] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Western Weather & Water Extremes, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniversity of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Princeton University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps InstitutionFeng, DM (corresponding author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.dongmeifeng@umass.eduFeng, Dongmei/W-9990-2019; Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011Feng, Dongmei/0000-0003-3141-0371; Lin, Peirong/0000-0002-7275-7470; Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719NASA New Investigator Grant [80NSSC18K0741]; NASA SWOT Science Team grant [80NSSC20K1141]; NSF CAREER [1748653]NASA New Investigator Grant; NASA SWOT Science Team grant; NSF CAREER(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Office of the Director (OD))We thank Tamlin M. Pavelsky at UNC Chapel Hill for constructive feedback on a draft version of this manuscript, and acknowledge and thank ECMWF for making GloFAS data publicly available, Edward Beighley for developing HRR, and Craig Brinkerhoff for developing geoBAM. D. F. was supported by NASA New Investigator Grant 80NSSC18K0741 awarded to C.J.G. and C.J.G. was partially supported by NASA SWOT Science Team grant 80NSSC20K1141 and NSF CAREER grant 1748653.622020<180 Day Usage Count>1333NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.NOV 252021121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27228-19Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsXD7EG34824255gold, Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007228667000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041189
Recent Trends in Freshwater Influx to the Arctic Ocean from Four Major Arctic-Draining Rivers
ArticleWATERArctic; spring freshet; hydro-climatology; streamflow; trend analysis; hydrologySEA-ICE; STREAMFLOW; DISCHARGE; VARIABILITY; BUDGETAhmed, R; Prowse, T; Dibike, Y; Bonsal, B; O'Neil, HAhmed, Roxanne; Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas; Bonsal, Barrie; O'Neil, HayleyEnglishRunoff from Arctic rivers constitutes a major freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean. In these nival-dominated river systems, the majority of annual discharge is released during the spring snowmelt period. The circulation regime of the salinity-stratified Arctic Ocean is connected to global earth ocean dynamics through thermohaline circulation; hence, variability in freshwater input from the Arctic flowing rivers has important implications for the global climate system. Daily discharge data from each of the four largest Arctic-draining river watersheds (Mackenzie, Ob, Lena and Yenisei; herein referred to as MOLY) are analyzed to identify historic changes in the magnitude and timing of freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean with emphasis on the spring freshet. Results show that the total freshwater influx to the Arctic Ocean increased by 89 km(3)/decade, amounting to a 14% increase during the 30-year period from 1980 to 2009. A distinct shift towards earlier melt timing is also indicated by proportional increases in fall, winter and spring discharges (by 2.5%, 1.3% and 2.5% respectively) followed by a decrease (by 5.8%) in summer discharge as a percentage of the mean annual flow. This seasonal increase in discharge and earlier pulse onset dates indicates a general shift towards a flatter, broad -based hydrograph with earlier peak discharges. The study also reveals that the increasing trend in freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean is not solely due to increased spring freshet discharge, but is a combination of increases in all seasons except that of the summer.[Ahmed, Roxanne; Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas; Bonsal, Barrie; O'Neil, Hayley] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Prowse, Terry; Dibike, Yonas] Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, POB 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreDibike, Y (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.;Dibike, Y (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, POB 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.roxannea@uvic.ca; prowset@uvic.ca; yonas.dibike@canada.ca; barrie.bonsal@canada.ca; hlinton@uvic.caDibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708ArcticNet from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)ArcticNet from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was partially supported by a Discovery Grant and ArcticNet funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) to one of the co-authors.463435<180 Day Usage Count>513MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterAPR2020124
1189
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041189http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1204118913Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesLX0JRgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005395275002660 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, SahtuTuktoyaktuk, Mackenzie MountainsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03733
Reproduction as a bottleneck to treeline advance across the circumarctic forest tundra ecotone
ArticleECOGRAPHYbiotic interactions; climate change; range expansion; seed production; seed viability; sexual reproduction; species distribution; sub-arcticSEED PRODUCTION; BOREAL FOREST; CONE PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRUCE CONE; OLD-GROWTH; CONSTRAINTS; LIMIT; REGENERATION; TEMPERATUREBrown, CD; Dufour-Tremblay, G; Jameson, RG; Mamet, SD; Trant, AJ; Walker, XJ; Boudreau, S; Harper, KA; Henry, GHR; Hermanutz, L; Hofgaard, A; Isaeva, L; Kershaw, GP; Johnstone, JFBrown, Carissa D.; Dufour-Tremblay, Genevieve; Jameson, Ryan G.; Mamet, Steven D.; Trant, Andrew J.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Boudreau, Stephane; Harper, Karen A.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Hermanutz, Luise; Hofgaard, Annika; Isaeva, Ludmila; Kershaw, G. Peter; Johnstone, Jill F.EnglishThe fundamental niche of many species is shifting with climate change, especially in sub-arctic ecosystems with pronounced recent warming. Ongoing warming in sub-arctic regions should lessen environmental constraints on tree growth and reproduction, leading to increased success of trees colonising tundra. Nevertheless, variable responses of treeline ecotones have been documented in association with warming temperatures. One explanation for time lags between increasingly favourable environmental conditions and treeline ecotone movement is reproductive limitations caused by low seed availability. Our objective was to assess the reproductive constraints of the dominant tree species at the treeline ecotone in the circumpolar north. We sampled reproductive structures of trees (cones and catkins) and stand attributes across circumarctic treeline ecotones. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the sensitivity of seed production and the availability of viable seed to regional climate, stand structure, and species-specific characteristics. Both seed production and viability of available seed were strongly driven by specific, sequential seasonal climatic conditions, but in different ways. Seed production was greatest when growing seasons with more growing degree days coincided with years with high precipitation. Two consecutive years with more growing degree days and low precipitation resulted in low seed production. Seasonal climate effects on the viability of available seed depended on the physical characteristics of the reproductive structures. Large-coned and -seeded species take more time to develop mature embryos and were therefore more sensitive to increases in growing degree days in the year of flowering and embryo development. Our findings suggest that both moisture stress and abbreviated growing seasons can have a notable negative influence on the production and viability of available seed at treeline. Our synthesis revealed that constraints on predispersal reproduction within the treeline ecotone might create a considerable time lag for range expansion of tree populations into tundra ecosystems.[Brown, Carissa D.; Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Brown, Carissa D.] Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Dufour-Tremblay, Genevieve; Boudreau, Stephane] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Jameson, Ryan G.; Trant, Andrew J.; Hermanutz, Luise] Mem Univ, Dept Biol, St John, NF, Canada; [Trant, Andrew J.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.; Kershaw, G. Peter] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Walker, Xanthe J.; Henry, Gregory H. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Harper, Karen A.] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Trondheim, Norway; [Isaeva, Ludmila] Russian Acad Sci, Kola Sci Ctr, Inst North Ind Ecol Problems, Apatity, RussiaUniversity of Saskatchewan; Memorial University Newfoundland; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Laval University; Memorial University Newfoundland; University of Waterloo; University of Alberta; University of Saskatchewan; University of British Columbia; Northern Arizona University; Dalhousie University; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Russian Academy of Sciences; Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesBrown, CD (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.carissa.brown@mun.caJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Isaeva, Ludmila/X-6757-2019; Isaeva, Ludmila/J-1791-2018; Harper, Karen/R-4735-2019; Mamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Isaeva, Ludmila/0000-0003-4636-112X; Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-3814; Harper, Karen/0000-0001-5390-0262; Boudreau, Stephane/0000-0002-1035-6452; Trant, Andrew/0000-0003-3030-530XGovernment of Canada program for International Polar Year as part of the project PPS Arctic Canada; Research Council of Norway [176065/S30]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Churchill Northern Studies Centre through Northern Research Fund; Earthwatch International; Northern Scientific Training Program; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Arctic Inst. of North America; Wapusk National Park; Dalhousie Univ.; Memorial Univ.; Univ. of Saskatchewan; Univ. of AlbertaGovernment of Canada program for International Polar Year as part of the project PPS Arctic Canada; Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Churchill Northern Studies Centre through Northern Research Fund; Earthwatch International; Northern Scientific Training Program; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Arctic Inst. of North America; Wapusk National Park; Dalhousie Univ.; Memorial Univ.; Univ. of Saskatchewan; Univ. of Alberta(University of Alberta)We acknowledge funding from the Government of Canada program for International Polar Year as part of the project PPS Arctic Canada, and from the Research Council of Norway for the IPY core project PPS Arctic (grant 176065/S30 to AH). Funding and logistical support was also provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (CDB, GHRH, JFJ), the Churchill Northern Studies Centre through a grant from the Northern Research Fund (SDM), Earthwatch International (GPK, SDM), the Northern Scientific Training Program (AJT, CDB, RGJ, SDM, XW), the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (CDB), W. Garfield Weston Foundation (CDB, SDM), the Arctic Inst. of North America (AJT, CDB), Wapusk National Park (GPK, SDM), Dalhousie Univ., Memorial Univ., Univ. of Alberta, and Univ. of Saskatchewan.533333<180 Day Usage Count>132WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0906-75901600-0587ECOGRAPHYEcographyJAN2019421SI137147
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03733http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.0373311Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyHG2RBGreen Accepted, Bronze2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004548101000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006871
Pan-Arctic Riverine Dissolved Organic Matter: Synchronous Molecular Stability, Shifting Sources and Subsidies
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESArctic; dissolved organic matter; FT&#8208; ICR MS; permafrost; radiocarbon; riversANCIENT PERMAFROST CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; MASS-SPECTROMETER; FOOD-WEB; RADIOCARBON; GROUNDWATER; OCEAN; DOM; INSIGHTSBehnke, MI; McClelland, W; Tank, SE; Kellerman, AM; Holmes, RM; Haghipour, N; Eglinton, TI; Raymond, PA; Suslova, A; Zhulidov, AV; Gurtovaya, T; Zimov, N; Zimov, S; Mutter, EA; Amos, E; Spencer, RGMBehnke, M., I; McClelland, W.; Tank, S. E.; Kellerman, A. M.; Holmes, R. M.; Haghipour, N.; Eglinton, T., I; Raymond, P. A.; Suslova, A.; Zhulidov, A., V; Gurtovaya, T.; Zimov, N.; Zimov, S.; Mutter, E. A.; Amos, E.; Spencer, R. G. M.EnglishClimate change is dramatically altering Arctic ecosystems, leading to shifts in the sources, composition, and eventual fate of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Here we examine a 6-year DOM compositional record from the six major Arctic rivers using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry paired with dissolved organic carbon isotope data (Delta C-14, delta C-13) to investigate how seasonality and permafrost influence DOM, and how DOM export may change with warming. Across the pan-Arctic, DOM molecular composition demonstrates synchrony and stability. Spring freshet brings recently leached terrestrial DOM with a latent high-energy and potentially bioavailable subsidy, reconciling the historical paradox between freshet DOM's terrestrial bulk signatures and high biolability. Winter features undiluted baseflow DOM sourced from old, microbially degraded groundwater DOM. A stable core Arctic riverine fingerprint (CARF) is present in all samples and may contribute to the potential carbon sink of persistent, aged DOM in the global ocean. Future warming may lead to shifting sources of DOM and export through: (1) flattening Arctic hydrographs and earlier melt modifying the timing and role of the spring high-energy subsidy; (2) increasing groundwater discharge resulting in a greater fraction of DOM export to the ocean occurring as stable and aged molecules; and (3) increasing contribution of nitrogen/sulfur-containing DOM from microbial degradation caused by increased connectivity between groundwater and surface waters due to permafrost thaw. Our findings suggest the ubiquitous CARF (which may contribute to oceanic carbon sequestration) underlies predictable variations in riverine DOM composition caused by seasonality and permafrost extent.[Behnke, M., I; Kellerman, A. M.; Spencer, R. G. M.] Florida State Univ, Natl & Igh Magnet Field Lab, Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Behnke, M., I; Kellerman, A. M.; Spencer, R. G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [McClelland, W.] Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst Port Aransas, Port Aransas, TX USA; [Tank, S. E.] Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Holmes, R. M.; Suslova, A.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr Falmouth, Falmouth, MA USA; [Haghipour, N.; Eglinton, T., I] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Geol Inst, Zurich, Switzerland; [Haghipour, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Raymond, P. A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; [Zhulidov, A., V; Gurtovaya, T.] South Russia Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proje, Rostov Na Donu, Russia; [Zimov, N.; Zimov, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Geog Inst, Far Eastern Branch, Chersky, Russia; [Mutter, E. A.] Yukon River Intertribal Watershed Council, Anchorage, AK USA; [Amos, E.] Western Arctic Res Ctr, Inuvik, NT, CanadaState University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Alberta; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Yale University; Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of SciencesBehnke, MI (corresponding author), Florida State Univ, Natl & Igh Magnet Field Lab, Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.;Behnke, MI (corresponding author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.mibehnke@fsu.eduKellerman, Anne/GXE-9918-2022; Kellerman, Anne M./F-8153-2015; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Kellerman, Anne M./0000-0002-7348-4814; Zimov, Sergey/0000-0002-0053-6599; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194; Behnke, Megan/0000-0002-9654-9078; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Eglinton, Timothy/0000-0001-5060-2155National Science Foundation [110774, WCRC: 1602615, FSU: 1603149, UT: 1602680, WCRC: 1913888, FSU: 1914081, UT: 1914215]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry [DMR-1644779]; State of Florida; South Russian Regional Center for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects; Northeast Science Station (Kolyma); Yukon River Inter Tribal Watershed Council (Yukon); Les Kutny and the Aurora Research Institute (Mackenzie)National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSF Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry(National Science Foundation (NSF)); State of Florida; South Russian Regional Center for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects; Northeast Science Station (Kolyma); Yukon River Inter Tribal Watershed Council (Yukon); Les Kutny and the Aurora Research Institute (Mackenzie)This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory II (110774), III (WCRC: 1602615; FSU: 1603149; UT: 1602680), and IV (WCRC: 1913888; FSU: 1914081; UT: 1914215) as well as an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to MIB. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all the helpful researchers at the NHMFL ICR Program who enabled data acquisition and processing. Support was also provided by the South Russian Regional Center for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects (Ob', Lena, and Yenisey), Northeast Science Station (Kolyma), Yukon River Inter Tribal Watershed Council (Yukon), and Les Kutny and the Aurora Research Institute (Mackenzie).1421313<180 Day Usage Count>854AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleAPR2021354
e2020GB006871
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006871http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB00687120Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesRU2SI2023-03-11WOS:0006449998000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllTundra biomeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7
Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
ArticleNATURELITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; GLOBAL PATTERNS; ARCTIC TUNDRA; INTRASPECIFIC VARIABILITY; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; SHRUB EXPANSION; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; SNOWBjorkman, AD; Myers-Smith, IH; Elmendorf, SC; Normand, S; Ruger, N; Beck, PSA; Blach-Overgaard, A; Blok, D; Cornelissen, JHC; Forbes, BC; Georges, D; Goetz, SJ; Guay, KC; Henry, GHR; HilleRisLambers, J; Hollister, RD; Karger, DN; Kattge, J; Manning, P; Prevey, JS; Rixen, C; Schaepman-Strub, G; Thomas, HJD; Vellend, M; Wilmking, M; Wipf, S; Carbognani, M; Hermanutz, L; Levesque, E; Molau, U; Petraglia, A; Soudzilovskaia, NA; Spasojevic, MJ; Tomaselli, M; Vowles, T; Alatalo, JM; Alexander, HD; Anadon-Rosell, A; Angers-Blondin, S; te Beest, M; Berner, L; Bjork, RG; Buchwal, A; Buras, A; Christie, K; Cooper, EJ; Dullinger, S; Elberling, B; Eskelinen, A; Frei, ER; Grau, O; Grogan, P; Hallinger, M; Harper, KA; Heijmans, MMPD; Hudson, J; Hulber, K; Iturrate-Garcia, M; Iversen, CM; Jaroszynska, F; Johnstone, JF; Jorgensen, RH; Kaarlejarvi, E; Klady, R; Kuleza, S; Kulonen, A; Lamarque, LJ; Lantz, T; Little, CJ; Speed, JDM; Michelsen, A; Milbau, A; Nabe-Nielsen, J; Nielsen, SS; Ninot, JM; Oberbauer, SF; Olofsson, J; Onipchenko, VG; Rumpf, SB; Semenchuk, P; Shetti, R; Collier, LS; Street, LE; Suding, KN; Tape, KD; Trant, A; Treier, UA; Tremblay, JP; Tremblay, M; Venn, S; Weijers, S; Zamin, T; Boulanger-Lapointe, N; Gould, WA; Hik, DS; Hofgaard, A; Jonsdottir, IS; Jorgenson, J; Klein, J; Magnusson, B; Tweedie, C; Wookey, PA; Bahn, M; Blonder, B; van Bodegom, PM; Bond-Lamberty, B; Campetella, G; Cerabolini, BEL; Chapin, FS; Cornwell, WK; Craine, J; Dainese, M; de Vries, FT; Diaz, S; Enquist, BJ; Green, W; Milla, R; Niinemets, U; Onoda, Y; Ordonez, JC; Ozinga, WA; Penuelas, J; Poorter, H; Poschlod, P; Reich, PB; Sande, B; Schamp, B; Sheremetev, S; Weiher, EBjorkman, Anne D.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Normand, Signe; Rueger, Nadja; Beck, Pieter S. A.; Blach-Overgaard, Anne; Blok, Daan; Cornelissen, J. Hans C.; Forbes, Bruce C.; Georges, Damien; Goetz, Scott J.; Guay, Kevin C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; HilleRisLambers, Janneke; Hollister, Robert D.; Karger, Dirk N.; Kattge, Jens; Manning, Peter; Prevey, Janet S.; Rixen, Christian; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Thomas, Haydn J. D.; Vellend, Mark; Wilmking, Martin; Wipf, Sonja; Carbognani, Michele; Hermanutz, Luise; Levesque, Esther; Molau, Ulf; Petraglia, Alessandro; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Spasojevic, Marko J.; Tomaselli, Marcello; Vowles, Tage; Alatalo, Juha M.; Alexander, Heather D.; Anadon-Rosell, Alba; Angers-Blondin, Sandra; te Beest, Mariska; Berner, Logan; Bjork, Robert G.; Buchwal, Agata; Buras, Allan; Christie, Katherine; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Dullinger, Stefan; Elberling, Bo; Eskelinen, Anu; Frei, Esther R.; Grau, Oriol; Grogan, Paul; Hallinger, Martin; Harper, Karen A.; Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.; Hudson, James; Huelber, Karl; Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane; Iversen, Colleen M.; Jaroszynska, Francesca; Johnstone, Jill F.; Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan; Kaarlejarvi, Elina; Klady, Rebecca; Kuleza, Sara; Kulonen, Aino; Lamarque, Laurent J.; Lantz, Trevor; Little, Chelsea J.; Speed, James D. M.; Michelsen, Anders; Milbau, Ann; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob; Nielsen, Sigrid Scholer; Ninot, Josep M.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Olofsson, Johan; Onipchenko, Vladimir G.; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Semenchuk, Philipp; Shetti, Rohan; Collier, Laura Siegwart; Street, Lorna E.; Suding, Katharine N.; Tape, Ken D.; Trant, Andrew; Treier, Urs A.; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Tremblay, Maxime; Venn, Susanna; Weijers, Stef; Zamin, Tara; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie; Gould, William A.; Hik, David S.; Hofgaard, Annika; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg S.; Jorgenson, Janet; Klein, Julia; Magnusson, Borgthor; Tweedie, Craig; Wookey, Philip A.; Bahn, Michael; Blonder, Benjamin; van Bodegom, Peter M.; Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin; Campetella, Giandiego; Cerabolini, Bruno E. L.; Chapin, F. Stuart, III; Cornwell, William K.; Craine, Joseph; Dainese, Matteo; de Vries, Franciska T.; Diaz, Sandra; Enquist, Brian J.; Green, Walton; Milla, Ruben; Niinemets, Ulo; Onoda, Yusuke; Ordonez, Jenny C.; Ozinga, Wim A.; Penuelas, Josep; Poorter, Hendrik; Poschlod, Peter; Reich, Peter B.; Sande, Brody; Schamp, Brandon; Sheremetev, Serge; Weiher, EvanEnglishThe tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.[Bjorkman, Anne D.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Georges, Damien; Thomas, Haydn J. D.; Angers-Blondin, Sandra; Street, Lorna E.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Bjorkman, Anne D.; Normand, Signe; Blach-Overgaard, Anne; Nielsen, Sigrid Scholer; Treier, Urs A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Aarhus, Denmark; [Bjorkman, Anne D.; Manning, Peter] Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Frankfurt, Germany; [Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Suding, Katharine N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Elmendorf, Sarah C.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA; [Elmendorf, Sarah C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Normand, Signe; Treier, Urs A.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark; [Normand, Signe; Blach-Overgaard, Anne; Treier, Urs A.] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World BIOCHANGE, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark; [Rueger, Nadja; Kattge, Jens; Eskelinen, Anu] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany; [Rueger, Nadja] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama; [Beck, Pieter S. A.] European Commiss, Bioecon Unit, Directorate D Sustainable Resources, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy; [Blok, Daan] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Cornelissen, J. Hans C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, Syst Ecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Georges, Damien] Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France; [Goetz, Scott J.; Berner, Logan] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Guay, Kevin C.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA; [Henry, Gregory H. R.; Frei, Esther R.; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [HilleRisLambers, Janneke] Univ Washington, Biol Dept, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Hollister, Robert D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Biol Dept, Allendale, MI 49401 USA; [Karger, Dirk N.; Frei, Esther R.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Kattge, Jens] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Prevey, Janet S.; Rixen, Christian; Wipf, Sonja; Jaroszynska, Francesca; Kulonen, Aino] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland; [Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane; Little, Chelsea J.] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland; [Vellend, Mark] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept biol, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Wilmking, Martin; Anadon-Rosell, Alba; Shetti, Rohan] Greifswald Univ, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany; [Carbognani, Michele; Petraglia, Alessandro; Tomaselli, Marcello] Univ Parma, Dept Chem Life Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Parma, Italy; [Hermanutz, Luise; Collier, Laura Siegwart; Trant, Andrew] Mem Univ, Dept Biol, St John, NB, Canada; [Levesque, Esther; Lamarque, Laurent J.; Tremblay, Maxime] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Sci Environm, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Levesque, Esther; Lamarque, Laurent J.; Tremblay, Maxime] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Ctr Etud Nord, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Molau, Ulf] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Environm Biol Dept, Leiden, Netherlands; [Spasojevic, Marko J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Vowles, Tage; Bjork, Robert G.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Alatalo, Juha M.] Qatar Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Doha, Qatar; [Alexander, Heather D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Forest & Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA; [Anadon-Rosell, Alba; Ninot, Josep M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Evolutionary Biol Ecol & Environm Sci, Barcelona, Spain; [Anadon-Rosell, Alba; Ninot, Josep M.] Univ Barcelona, Biodivers Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain; [te Beest, Mariska; Kaarlejarvi, Elina; Olofsson, Johan] Ume Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Ume, Sweden; [te Beest, Mariska] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Environm Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands; [Bjork, Robert G.] Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Buchwal, Agata] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Geoecol & Geoinformat, Poznan, Poland; [Buchwal, Agata] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Buras, Allan] Wageningen Univ & Res, Forest Ecol & Forest Management, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Christie, Katherine] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA; [Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Semenchuk, Philipp] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Dullinger, Stefan; Huelber, Karl; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Semenchuk, Philipp] Univ Vienna, Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Vienna, Austria; [Elberling, Bo; Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Eskelinen, Anu] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Physiol Divers, Leipzig, Germany; [Eskelinen, Anu] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu, Spain; [Grau, Oriol] CREAF CSIC UAB, Global Ecol Unit, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain; [Grau, Oriol; Penuelas, Josep] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain; [Grogan, Paul; Zamin, Tara] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Hallinger, Martin] Swedish Agr Univ SLU, Biol Dept, Uppsala, Sweden; [Harper, Karen A.] St Marys Univ, Biol Dept, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Hudson, James] British Columbia Publ Serv, Surrey, BC, Canada; [Iversen, Colleen M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Iversen, Colleen M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Jaroszynska, Francesca] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland; [Johnstone, Jill F.; Kuleza, Sara] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan] Univ Copenhagen, Forest & Landscape Coll, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Nodebo, Denmark; [Kaarlejarvi, Elina] VUB, Dept Biol, Brussels, Belgium; [Klady, Rebecca] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Little, Chelsea J.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Ecol, Dubendorf, Switzerland; [Speed, James D. M.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Trondheim, Norway; [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Milbau, Ann] Res Inst Nat & Forest INBO, Brussels, Belgium; [Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Onipchenko, Vladimir G.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Geobot, Moscow, Russia; [Tape, Ken D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Trant, Andrew] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Foret, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Venn, Susanna] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic, Australia; [Weijers, Stef] Univ Bonn, Dept Geog, Bonn, Germany; [Gould, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA; [Hik, David S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada; [Hofgaard, Annika] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Trondheim, Norway; [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg S.] Univ Iceland, Fac Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg S.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway; [Jorgenson, Janet] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Klein, Julia] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Magnusson, Borgthor] Iceland Inst Nat Hist, Gardabaer, Iceland; [Tweedie, Craig] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA; [Wookey, Philip A.] Univ Stirling, Fac Nat Sci, Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling, Scotland; [Bahn, Michael] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ecol, Innsbruck, Austria; [Blonder, Benjamin] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England; [Blonder, Benjamin] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO USA; [van Bodegom, Peter M.] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Leiden, Netherlands; [Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA; [Campetella, Giandiego] Univ Camerino, Sch Biosci & Vet Med, Plant Divers & Ecosyst Management Unit, Camerino, Italy; [Cerabolini, Bruno E. L.] Univ Insubria, DiSTA, Varese, Italy; [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Cornwell, William K.] UNSW Sydney, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Ecol & Evolut Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Craine, Joseph] Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO USA; [Dainese, Matteo] Eurac Res, Inst Alpine Environm, Bolzano, Italy; [de Vries, Franciska T.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Diaz, Sandra] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal IMBIV, CONICET, Cordoba, Argentina; [Diaz, Sandra] Univ Nacl Cordoba, FCEFyN, Cordoba, Argentina; [Enquist, Brian J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA; [Enquist, Brian J.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA; [Green, Walton] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Milla, Ruben] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, Dept Biol Geol Fis & Quim Inorgan, Madrid, Spain; [Niinemets, Ulo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Onoda, Yusuke] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan; [Ordonez, Jenny C.] World Agroforestry Ctr Latin Amer, Lima, Peru; [Ozinga, Wim A.] Wageningen Environm Res Alterra, Team Vegetat Forest & Landscape Ecol, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Ozinga, Wim A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Penuelas, Josep] CREAF CSIC UAB, Global Ecol Unit, Bellaterra, Spain; [Poorter, Hendrik] Forschungszentrum Julich, Plant Sci IBG 2, Julich, Germany; [Poorter, Hendrik] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW, Australia; [Poschlod, Peter] Univ Regensburg, Inst Plant Sci, Ecol & Conservat Biol, Regensburg, Germany; [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA; [Reich, Peter B.] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Sande, Brody] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Biol, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA; [Schamp, Brandon] Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Sheremetev, Serge] Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg, Russia; [Weiher, Evan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USAUniversity of Edinburgh; 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Queens University - Canada; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Saint Marys University - Canada; Wageningen University & Research; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Aberdeen; University of Saskatchewan; University of Copenhagen; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of British Columbia; University of Victoria; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Copenhagen; Research Institute for Nature & Forest; Aarhus University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Lomonosov Moscow State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Waterloo; Laval University; Laval University; Deakin University; University of Bonn; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Simon Fraser University; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; University of Iceland; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Colorado State University; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of Stirling; University of Innsbruck; University of Oxford; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of Camerino; University of Insubria; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of New South Wales Sydney; European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano; University of Manchester; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); National University of Cordoba; National University of Cordoba; University of Arizona; The Santa Fe Institute; Harvard University; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Kyoto University; Wageningen University & Research; Radboud University Nijmegen; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Helmholtz Association; Research Center Julich; Macquarie University; University of Regensburg; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Western Sydney University; Santa Clara University; Algoma University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Wisconsin SystemBjorkman, AD (corresponding author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.;Bjorkman, AD (corresponding author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Aarhus, Denmark.;Bjorkman, AD (corresponding author), Senckenberg Gesell Nat Forsch, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr BiK F, Frankfurt, Germany.anne.bjorkman@senckenberg.deBjorkman, Anne D./H-2211-2016; Alatalo, Juha/C-1269-2018; Milbau, Ann/AAF-3022-2020; Díaz, Sandra/ABE-7349-2020; Rumpf, Sabine/AAF-8795-2019; Iversen, Colleen M/B-8983-2012; SPASOJEVIC, MARKO/AAO-4307-2020; Buras, Allan/B-1412-2012; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012; Blach-Overgaard, Anne/N-3105-2014; Little, Chelsea J./H-8676-2019; Myers-Smith, Isla H/D-1529-2013; de Vries, Franciska T/D-3041-2009; Hülber, Karl/H-7822-2019; Speed, James D. M./C-1099-2009; Olofsson, Johan/A-9362-2009; Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone/N-6934-2014; Thomas, Haydn J.D./H-8059-2019; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-5891-2010; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Karger, Dirk Nikolaus/ABD-5181-2021; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A./N-4140-2015; Craine, Joseph/D-4569-2009; Bahn, Michael/I-3536-2013; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/GLR-2455-2022; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg/L-8952-2015; Wookey, Philip/AAA-6271-2020; Enquist, Brian J/B-6436-2008; ramon, anna/O-1249-2019; Treier, Urs/A-1913-2012; Harper, Karen/R-4735-2019; Rüger, Nadja/J-6393-2015; Cornwell, William/I-4083-2019; Wilmking, Martin/AAV-9310-2020; Dainese, Matteo/M-1472-2017; Ninot, Josep M/H-3592-2015; Oriol, Grau/Y-7075-2019; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Shetti, Rohan/AAH-2972-2021; de Vries, Franciska/AAD-5760-2021; Grau, Oriol/AAD-1582-2022; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/AAA-5464-2020; Rüger, Nadja/Q-6418-2019; Kattge, Jens/J-8283-2016; Manning, Peter/I-6523-2012; Wipf, Sonja/A-5075-2010; Ozinga, Wim A./F-1640-2011; Diaz, Sandra/Q-9804-2018; Weijers, Stef/T-8944-2019; Poorter, Hendrik/B-8062-2010; Björk, Robert/I-9772-2019; Chapin, F Stuart/AAZ-3931-2020; Poorter, Hendrik/Y-2542-2019; Buchwal, Agata/F-5516-2013; Niinemets, Ülo/A-3816-2008; Carbognani, Michele/H-6644-2019; Johnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie/AAA-9710-2021; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/D-8785-2011; Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin/C-6058-2008; Hik, David S/B-3462-2009; Onipchenko, Vladimir G./V-4244-2018; Jaroszynska, Francesca/AAQ-7725-2020; Poschlod, Peter/AAF-7902-2019; Forbes, Bruce C./L-4431-2013; Normand, Signe/AAA-4769-2022; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; van Bodegom, Peter/N-8150-2015; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Petraglia, Alessandro/G-3474-2017; Blok, Daan/E-1649-2011Bjorkman, Anne D./0000-0003-2174-7800; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X; Díaz, Sandra/0000-0003-0012-4612; Rumpf, Sabine/0000-0001-5909-9568; Iversen, Colleen M/0000-0001-8293-3450; SPASOJEVIC, MARKO/0000-0003-1808-0048; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Blach-Overgaard, Anne/0000-0002-0200-1547; Little, Chelsea J./0000-0003-2803-7465; Myers-Smith, Isla H/0000-0002-8417-6112; de Vries, Franciska T/0000-0002-6822-8883; Hülber, Karl/0000-0001-9274-1647; Speed, James D. M./0000-0002-0633-5595; Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone/0000-0002-3793-0733; Thomas, Haydn J.D./0000-0001-9099-6304; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/0000-0002-0716-9525; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Craine, Joseph/0000-0001-6561-3244; Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/0000-0002-9447-7795; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg/0000-0003-3804-7077; Wookey, Philip/0000-0001-5957-6424; Enquist, Brian J/0000-0002-6124-7096; Treier, Urs/0000-0003-4027-739X; Rüger, Nadja/0000-0003-2371-4172; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Dainese, Matteo/0000-0001-7052-5572; Oriol, Grau/0000-0002-3816-9499; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Shetti, Rohan/0000-0002-2967-0193; de Vries, Franciska/0000-0002-6822-8883; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/0000-0002-9447-7795; Rüger, Nadja/0000-0003-2371-4172; Kattge, Jens/0000-0002-1022-8469; Manning, Peter/0000-0002-7940-2023; Wipf, Sonja/0000-0002-3492-1399; Ozinga, Wim A./0000-0002-6369-7859; Weijers, Stef/0000-0003-3386-5417; Poorter, Hendrik/0000-0001-9900-2433; Björk, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Chapin, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Poorter, Hendrik/0000-0001-9900-2433; Buchwal, Agata/0000-0001-6879-6656; Niinemets, Ülo/0000-0002-3078-2192; Carbognani, Michele/0000-0001-7701-9859; Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/0000-0002-4069-1884; Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin/0000-0001-9525-4633; Hik, David S/0000-0002-8994-9305; Onipchenko, Vladimir G./0000-0002-1626-1171; Jaroszynska, Francesca/0000-0002-2399-4146; Forbes, Bruce C./0000-0002-4593-5083; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Levesque, Esther/0000-0002-1119-6032; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Hollister, Robert/0000-0002-4764-7691; Campetella, Giandiego/0000-0001-6126-522X; van Bodegom, Peter/0000-0003-0771-4500; Ninot, Josep M./0000-0002-3712-0810; Cornwell, Will/0000-0003-4080-4073; Buras, Allan/0000-0003-2179-0681; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Damien, Georges/0000-0003-2425-7591; Milbau, Ann/0000-0003-3555-8883; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-0978-529X; te Beest, Mariska/0000-0003-3673-4105; Kaarlejarvi, Elina/0000-0003-0014-0073; Petraglia, Alessandro/0000-0003-4632-2251; Alexander, Heather/0000-0003-1307-8483; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie/0000-0002-0104-6065; Vowles, Tage/0000-0002-9049-2146; ELMENDORF, SARAH/0000-0003-1085-8521; Ordonez Barragan, Jenny Cristina/0000-0003-0558-7229; Venn, Susanna/0000-0002-7433-0120; HilleRisLambers, Janneke/0000-0001-5523-0354; Frei, Esther R./0000-0003-1910-7900; Semenchuk, Philipp/0000-0002-1949-6427; Blok, Daan/0000-0003-2703-9303; Harper, Karen/0000-0001-5390-0262sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig [DFG FZT 118]; iDiv postdoctoral fellowship; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1]; Villum Foundation's Young Investigator Programme [VKR023456]; Carlsberg Foundation [2013-01-0825]; DFG-Forschungszentrum 'German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig'; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG [RU 1536/3-1]; EU-F7P INTERACT [262693]; MOBILITY PLUS [1072/MOB/2013/0]; Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences [DFF 4181-00565]; Carl Tryggers stiftelse for vetenskaplig forskning; Research Council of Norway [244557/E50]; Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; Swiss National Science Foundation [155554]; Academy of Finland [256991]; JPI Climate [291581]; NSF ATB; CAREER; Macrosystems award; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE Arctic) project; Swedish Research Council [2015-00465]; Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions [INCA 600398]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0415383]; UWEC-ORSP; UWEC-BCDT; University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity; NSF PLR [1623764, 1304040]; Icelandic Research Fund [70255021]; University of Iceland Research Fund; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Klimaat voor ruimte, Dutch national research program Climate Change and Spatial Planning; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Fonds de recherche du Quebec: Nature et Technologies; Centre d'etudes Nordiques; European Research Council [SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P]; Spanish OAPN [534S/2012]; European INTERACT project [262693 Transnational Access]; NSF [ANS-1418123]; UK Natural Environment Research Council Arctic Terrestrial Ecology Special Topic Programme and Arctic Programme [NE/K000284/1]; European Union Fourth Environment and Climate Framework Programme [ENV4-CT970586]; DFG [RTG 2010]; US National Science Foundation; Niwot Ridge LTER [NSF DEB-1637686]; NERC doctoral training partnership grant [NE/L002558/1]; Russian Science Foundation [14-50-00029]; NSF ANS [1661723]; NASA ABoVE [NNX15AU03A/NNX17AE44G]; Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; CONICET; FONCyT; SECyT-UNC, Argentina; TRY initiative on plant traits; DIVERSITAS/Future Earth; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; US National Science Foundation [1145200]; NERC [NE/M016323/1, NE/M019160/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Natural Environment Research Council [1523208] Funding Source: researchfish; Villum Fonden [00007380] Funding Source: researchfish; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1623764, 1304464] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1304007] Funding Source: National Science FoundationsDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; iDiv postdoctoral fellowship; UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Villum Foundation's Young Investigator Programme(Villum Fonden); Carlsberg Foundation(Carlsberg Foundation); DFG-Forschungszentrum 'German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig'; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG(German Research Foundation (DFG)); EU-F7P INTERACT; MOBILITY PLUS; Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences(Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)); Carl Tryggers stiftelse for vetenskaplig forskning; Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Danish National Research Foundation(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); Soil Conservation Service of Iceland; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); JPI Climate; NSF ATB; CAREER(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Macrosystems award; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE Arctic) project(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); UWEC-ORSP; UWEC-BCDT; University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity; NSF PLR; Icelandic Research Fund; University of Iceland Research Fund; US Fish and Wildlife Service(US Fish & Wildlife Service); Klimaat voor ruimte, Dutch national research program Climate Change and Spatial Planning; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Fonds de recherche du Quebec: Nature et Technologies; Centre d'etudes Nordiques; European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Spanish OAPN; European INTERACT project; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); UK Natural Environment Research Council Arctic Terrestrial Ecology Special Topic Programme and Arctic Programme; European Union Fourth Environment and Climate Framework Programme; DFG(German Research Foundation (DFG)); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Niwot Ridge LTER; NERC doctoral training partnership grant(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); NSF ANS; NASA ABoVE; Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); CONICET(Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)); FONCyT(FONCyT); SECyT-UNC, Argentina(Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnologia (SECYT)); TRY initiative on plant traits; DIVERSITAS/Future Earth; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Villum Fonden(Villum Fonden); Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP)(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))This paper is an outcome of the sTundra working group supported by sDiv, the Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118). A.D.B. was supported by an iDiv postdoctoral fellowship and The Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences (DFF 4181-00565 to S.N.). A.D.B., I.H.M.-S., H.J.D.T. and S.A.-B. were funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (ShrubTundra Project NE/M016323/1 to I.H.M.-S.). S.N., A.B.O., S.S.N. and U.A.T. were supported by the Villum Foundation's Young Investigator Programme (VKR023456 to S.N.) and the Carlsberg Foundation (2013-01-0825). N.R. was supported by the DFG-Forschungszentrum 'German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig' and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (RU 1536/3-1). A.Buc. was supported by EU-F7P INTERACT (262693) and MOBILITY PLUS (1072/MOB/2013/0). A.B.O. was additionally supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences (DFF 4181-00565 to S.N.). J.M.A. was supported by the Carl Tryggers stiftelse for vetenskaplig forskning, A.H. by the Research Council of Norway (244557/E50), B.E. and A. Mic. by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100), B.M. by the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland and E.R.F. by the Swiss National Science Foundation (155554). B.C.F. was supported by the Academy of Finland (256991) and JPI Climate (291581). B.J.E. was supported by an NSF ATB, CAREER and Macrosystems award. C.M.I. was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE Arctic) project. D.B. was supported by The Swedish Research Council (2015-00465) and Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions co-funding (INCA 600398). E.W. was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0415383), UWEC-ORSP and UWEC-BCDT. G.S.-S. and M.I.-G. were supported by the University of Zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity. H.D.A. was supported by NSF PLR (1623764, 1304040). I.S.J. was supported by the Icelandic Research Fund (70255021) and the University of Iceland Research Fund. J.D.M.S. was supported by the Research Council of Norway (262064). J.S.P. was supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. J.C.O. was supported by Klimaat voor ruimte, Dutch national research program Climate Change and Spatial Planning. J.F.J., P.G., G.H.R.H., E.L., N.B.-L., K.A.H., L.S.C. and T.Z. were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). G.H.R.H., N.B.-L., E.L., L.S.C. and L.H. were supported by ArcticNet. G.H.R.H., N.B.-L., M.Tr. and L.S.C. were supported by the Northern Scientific Training Program. G.H.R.H., E.L. and N. B.-L. were additionally supported by the Polar Continental Shelf Program. N. B.-L. was additionally supported by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec: Nature et Technologies and the Centre d'etudes Nordiques. J.P. was supported by the European Research Council Synergy grant SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P. A.A.-R., O.G. and J.M.N. were supported by the Spanish OAPN (project 534S/2012) and European INTERACT project (262693 Transnational Access). K.D.T. was supported by NSF ANS-1418123. L.E.S. and P.A.W. were supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Arctic Terrestrial Ecology Special Topic Programme and Arctic Programme (NE/K000284/1 to P.A.W.). P.A.W.; r was additionally supported by the European Union Fourth Environment and Climate Framework Programme (Project Number ENV4-CT970586). M.W. was supported by DFG RTG 2010. R.D.H. was supported by the US National Science Foundation. M.J.S. and K.N.S. were supported by the Niwot Ridge LTER (NSF DEB-1637686). H.J.D.T. was funded by a NERC doctoral training partnership grant (NE/L002558/1). V.G.O. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (14-50-00029). L.B. was supported by NSF ANS (1661723) and S.J.G. by NASA ABoVE (NNX15AU03A/NNX17AE44G). B.B.-L. was supported as part of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project, funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. A.E. was supported by the Academy of Finland (projects 253385 and 297191). E.K. was supported by Swedish Research Council (2015-00498), and S. Di. was supported by CONICET, FONCyT and SECyT-UNC, Argentina. The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org), which is hosted at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany and is currently supported by DIVERSITAS/Future Earth and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. A.D.B. and S.C.E. thank the US National Science Foundation for support to receive training in Bayesian methods (grant 1145200 to N. Thompson Hobbs). We thank H. Bruelheide and J. Ramirez-Villegas for helpful input at earlier stages of this project. We acknowledge the contributions of S. Mamet, M. Jean, K. Allen, N. Young, J. Lowe, O. Eriksson and many others to trait and community composition data collection, and thank the governments, parks, field stations and local and indigenous people for the opportunity to conduct research on their land.90334340<180 Day Usage Count>70799NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureOCT 42018562772557+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0563-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0563-724Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsGV6AF30258229Green Accepted, Green Submitted, Green PublishedYN2023-03-08WOS:0004461879000370 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAll communities, permafrost zoneNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6
Population living on permafrost in the Arctic
ArticlePOPULATION AND ENVIRONMENTArctic circumpolar permafrost region; Arctic settlements; Arctic population; Permafrost thaw; Arctic infrastructure; RiskCLIMATE-CHANGE; INFRASTRUCTURE; INUIT; IMPACTSRamage, J; Jungsberg, L; Wang, SN; Westermann, S; Lantuit, H; Heleniak, TRamage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Wang, Shinan; Westermann, Sebastian; Lantuit, Hugues; Heleniak, TimothyEnglishPermafrost thaw is a challenge in many Arctic regions, one that modifies ecosystems and affects infrastructure and livelihoods. To date, there have been no demographic studies of the population on permafrost. We present the first estimates of the number of inhabitants on permafrost in the Arctic Circumpolar Permafrost Region (ACPR) and project changes as a result of permafrost thaw. We combine current and projected populations at settlement level with permafrost extent. Key findings indicate that there are 1162 permafrost settlements in the ACPR, accommodating 5 million inhabitants, of whom 1 million live along a coast. Climate-driven permafrost projections suggest that by 2050, 42% of the permafrost settlements will become permafrost-free due to thawing. Among the settlements remaining on permafrost, 42% are in high hazard zones, where the consequences of permafrost thaw will be most severe. In total, 3.3 million people in the ACPR live currently in settlements where permafrost will degrade and ultimately disappear by 2050.[Ramage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Wang, Shinan; Heleniak, Timothy] Nordregio, Stockholm, Sweden; [Jungsberg, Leneisja] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Nat Resources & Geosci, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Westermann, Sebastian] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway; [Lantuit, Hugues] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Potsdam, Germany; [Lantuit, Hugues] Univ Potsdam, Dept Earth Sci, Potsdam, GermanyUniversity of Copenhagen; University of Oslo; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of PotsdamRamage, J (corresponding author), Nordregio, Stockholm, Sweden.justine.ramage@nordregio.orgWestermann, Sebastian/I-2976-2012; Lantuit, Hugues/ABC-8692-2020Westermann, Sebastian/0000-0003-0514-4321; Lantuit, Hugues/0000-0003-1497-6760; Ramage, Justine/0000-0001-7481-6529; Jungsberg, Leneisja Dennie Marija/0000-0002-1283-5318311718<180 Day Usage Count>1341SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0199-00391573-7810POPUL ENVIRONPopul. Env.SEP20214312238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00370-62021-01-01 00:00:0017Demography; Environmental StudiesSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Demography; Environmental Sciences & EcologyTQ9GFGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006055238000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128060
Seasonal and spatial variations in riverine DOC exports in permafrost-dominated Arctic river basins
ArticleJOURNAL OF HYDROLOGYRiverine dissolved organic carbon; Permafrost; Climate warming; Arctic riversDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ICE BREAKUP; OB RIVER; WATER; DYNAMICS; STREAM; THAW; SNOWMELT; NUTRIENT; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRYLiu, SQ; Wang, P; Huang, QW; Yu, JJ; Pozdniakov, SP; Kazak, ESLiu, Shiqi; Wang, Ping; Huang, Qiwei; Yu, Jingjie; Pozdniakov, Sergey P.; Kazak, Ekaterina S.EnglishClimate warming is accelerating the release of voluminous organic carbon from thawing permafrost into the Arctic Ocean via riverine transport. However, the seasonal variations in riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports in Arctic river basins with different areal extents of permafrost and how changes in water temperature (T-w) impact seasonal DOC exports are not fully understood. In this study, the concentrations, ages and seasonality of riverine DOC in the estuaries of six major Arctic rivers (Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Kolyma, Yukon and Mackenzie) were analysed using Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) datasets from 2003 to 2019. The results showed that DOC concentrations generally increased with the increases in the streamflow, but always dropped to the minimum with the oldest Delta C-14-DOC ages (as old as 1650 years BP) in the freezing period (November-April), when the streamflow originates predominantly from groundwater. During the flood pulse period (May or June), a rapid increase in riverine DOC concentration with younger organic carbon (Delta C-14 values from -61 to 152 parts per thousand) was observed, likely associated with snowmelt-dominated runoff regimes (lower delta O-18-H2O of approximately -20.4 +/- 1.6 parts per thousand). During the ice-free period (June-September), DOC concentrations decreased due to the enhanced dilution of streamflow from precipitation. In the Lena and Kolyma River basins with large areal extents of continuous permafrost, over 70% of DOC flux exported during the ice-free period originated from DOC sources from similar to 410 years and similar to 230 years BP to the present, respectively; this suggests that greater permafrost extents restrict the release of older DOC into rivers. However, riverine DOC exports likely respond positively to changes in T-w during the ice-free period. In addition, such a positive response is likely to be enhanced in basins with larger percentages of sporadic permafrost, thicker active layers, more precipitation and less soil organic carbon. Ultimately, under a warming climate, riverine DOC exports are expected to rise with increasing river water temperatures.[Liu, Shiqi; Wang, Ping; Huang, Qiwei; Yu, Jingjie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Pozdniakov, Sergey P.; Kazak, Ekaterina S.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Hydrogeol, GSP-1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119899, Russia; [Wang, Ping; Huang, Qiwei; Yu, Jingjie] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CASWang, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;Wang, P (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.wangping@igsnrr.ac.cnПоздняков, Сергей/AAS-6432-2020; Wang, Ping/ACH-8897-2022Поздняков, Сергей/0000-0002-2932-4565; Wang, Ping/0000-0003-2481-9953National Natural Science Foundation of China [E1C10060AE]; NSFC-RSF [42061134017, 21-47-00008]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [O7Z76095Z1]; Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China [2017FY101302]National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); NSFC-RSF; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(China Postdoctoral Science Foundation); Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of ChinaThis research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. E1C10060AE), the NSFC-RSF (Nos. 42061134017 and 21-47-00008), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. O7Z76095Z1), and the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (No. 2017FY101302).12533<180 Day Usage Count>2633ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0022-16941879-2707J HYDROLJ. Hydrol.SEP2022612A
128060
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128060http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.12806013Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Geology; Water Resources3J6RG2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008335207000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllLong-term vegetation monitoring sitesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc994
Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic; boreal forest; soil temperature; vegetation change; permafrostPERMAFROST THAW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; ACTIVE-LAYER; VEGETATION; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; HEAT; SNOW; TEMPERATURESKropp, H; Loranty, MM; Natali, SM; Kholodov, AL; Rocha, AV; Myers-Smith, I; Abbot, BW; Abermann, J; Blanc-Betes, E; Blok, D; Blume-Werry, G; Boike, J; Breen, AL; Cahoon, SMP; Christiansen, CT; Douglas, TA; Epstein, HE; Frost, GV; Goeckede, M; Hoye, TT; Mamet, SD; O'Donnell, JA; Olefeldt, D; Phoenix, GK; Salmon, VG; Sannel, ABK; Smith, SL; Sonnentag, O; Vaughn, LS; Williams, M; Elberling, B; Gough, L; Hjort, J; Lafleur, PM; Euskirchen, ES; Heijmans, MPD; Humphreys, ER; Iwata, H; Jones, BM; Jorgenson, MT; Grunberg, I; Kim, Y; Laundre, J; Mauritz, M; Michelsen, A; Schaepman-Strub, G; Tape, KD; Ueyama, M; Lee, BY; Langley, K; Lund, MKropp, Heather; Loranty, Michael M.; Natali, Susan M.; Kholodov, Alexander L.; Rocha, Adrian, V; Myers-Smith, Isla; Abbot, Benjamin W.; Abermann, Jakob; Blanc-Betes, Elena; Blok, Daan; Blume-Werry, Gesche; Boike, Julia; Breen, Amy L.; Cahoon, Sean M. P.; Christiansen, Casper T.; Douglas, Thomas A.; Epstein, Howard E.; Frost, Gerald, V; Goeckede, Mathias; Hoye, Toke T.; Mamet, Steven D.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Olefeldt, David; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Salmon, Verity G.; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Smith, Sharon L.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Vaughn, Lydia Smith; Williams, Mathew; Elberling, Bo; Gough, Laura; Hjort, Jan; Lafleur, Peter M.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Iwata, Hiroki; Jones, Benjamin M.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Gruenberg, Inge; Kim, Yongwon; Laundre, James; Mauritz, Marguerite; Michelsen, Anders; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Tape, Ken D.; Ueyama, Masahito; Lee, Bang-Yong; Langley, Kirsty; Lund, MagnusEnglishSoils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.[Kropp, Heather] Hamilton Coll, Environm Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323 USA; [Kropp, Heather; Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Natali, Susan M.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Kholodov, Alexander L.; Tape, Ken D.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Kholodov, Alexander L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; [Rocha, Adrian, V] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Rocha, Adrian, V] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Myers-Smith, Isla] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Abbot, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Abermann, Jakob] Graz Univ, Inst Geog & Reg Sci, Graz, Austria; [Abermann, Jakob; Langley, Kirsty] Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Nuuk, Greenland; [Blanc-Betes, Elena] Univ Illinois, Inst Sustainabil Energy & Environm, Urbana, IL USA; [Blok, Daan] Dutch Res Council NWO, The Hague, Netherlands; [Blume-Werry, Gesche] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Expt Plant Ecol, Soldmannstr 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany; [Boike, Julia; Gruenberg, Inge] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Germany & Geog Dept, Berlin, Germany; [Breen, Amy L.; Kim, Yongwon] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Cahoon, Sean M. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Anchorage, AK USA; [Christiansen, Casper T.; Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA; [Epstein, Howard E.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA; [Frost, Gerald, V] Alaska Biol Res Inc, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark; [Hoye, Toke T.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic es Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [Phoenix, Gareth K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; [Salmon, Verity G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Salmon, Verity G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Smith, Sharon L.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Vaughn, Lydia Smith] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA USA; [Williams, Mathew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Gough, Laura] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA; [Hjort, Jan] Univ Oulu, Geog Res Unit, Oulu, Finland; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Jones, Benjamin M.] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska EcoSci, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Laundre, James] Marine Biol Lab, EcoSyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA; [Mauritz, Marguerite] Univ Texas El Paso, Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79902 USA; [Michelsen, Anders] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Lee, Bang-Yong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea; [Lund, Magnus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Lund, Magnus] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Roskilde, DenmarkHamilton College; Colgate University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research (PSCBI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physicohemical & Biological Problems of Soil Science; University of Notre Dame; University of Notre Dame; University of Edinburgh; Brigham Young University; University of Graz; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Copenhagen; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); University of Virginia; Max Planck Society; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; University of Saskatchewan; United States Department of the Interior; University of Alberta; University of Sheffield; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Stockholm University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Universite de Montreal; University of Edinburgh; University System of Maryland; Towson University; University of Oulu; Trent University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wageningen University & Research; Carleton University; Shinshu University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of Copenhagen; University of Zurich; Osaka Metropolitan University; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Aarhus University; Aarhus UniversityKropp, H (corresponding author), Hamilton Coll, Environm Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323 USA.;Kropp, H (corresponding author), Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA.hkropp@hamilton.eduAbbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Høye, Toke Thomas/A-7701-2008; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/D-8785-2011; Lund, Magnus/J-4922-2013; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Loranty, Michael/A-1518-2009; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Høye, Toke Thomas/0000-0001-5387-3284; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/0000-0002-4069-1884; Lund, Magnus/0000-0003-1622-2305; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Grunberg, Inge/0000-0002-5748-8102; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Salmon, Verity G./0000-0002-2188-551X; Blanc-Betes, Elena/0000-0002-2049-4613; Kropp, Heather/0000-0002-4258-3393; Loranty, Michael/0000-0001-8851-7386; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658Permafrost Carbon Network; National Science Foundation [1417745, 1417700, 1417908, 1556772, 1637459, 1636476, 1503912, 1806213, 1833056]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000292/1]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Council of Canada; Canadian Graduate Scholarship; Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: ClimateBasis; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; Engineer Research and Development Center Army Direct (6.1) Research Program; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [RC-2110, 18-1170]; United States Geological Survey; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) [JPMXD1300000000]; ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]; Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; Academy of Finland [315519]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2016M1A5A1901769, KOPRI-PN20081]; Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam; Swiss National Science Foundation [140631]; URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; Northern Scientific Training Program; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd); Imperial Oil, Ltd; University of Alberta; Earthwatch International (EI); Garfield Weston Foundation; Wapusk National Park; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; NERC [NE/K00025X/1, NE/M016323/1, NE/K000292/1] Funding Source: UKRIPermafrost Carbon Network; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Council of Canada; Canadian Graduate Scholarship; Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: ClimateBasis; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)); Engineer Research and Development Center Army Direct (6.1) Research Program; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; United States Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS); ArCS II; Danish National Research Foundation(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; Northern Scientific Training Program; UT-Battelle, LLC; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd); Imperial Oil, Ltd; University of Alberta(University of Alberta); Earthwatch International (EI); Garfield Weston Foundation; Wapusk National Park; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))We thank G Peter Kershaw, LeeAnn Fishback, Cathy Wilson, and Coleen Iversen for assistance in collection of data. We thank the Permafrost Carbon Network for support and organization of the data synthesis. We thank Vladimir Romanovsky for his feedback and contribution of publicly available data. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 1417745 to M L, Grant No. 1417700 to S M N, Grant No. 1417908 to A K, Grant No. 1556772 to A R, Grant No. 1637459 to L G, Grant No. 1636476 and Grant No. 1503912 to E S E, Grant No. 1806213 to B M J, Grant No. 1833056 to K D T), UK Natural Environment Research Council (Grant No. NE/M016323/1 to I H M S, Grant No. NE/K00025X/1 to G K P, Grant No. NE/K000292/1 to M W), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research (to P L, I H M S, Grant No. RGPIN-2016-04688 to D O), Council of Canada, Canadian Graduate Scholarship to (I H M -S), Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring Programme: ClimateBasis (to J A and K A), The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science (to A L B), Engineer Research and Development Center Army Direct (6.1) Research Program and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (projects RC-2110 and 18-1170 to T A D), United States Geological Survey (to E E S), Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS; Grant No. JPMXD1300000000) and ArCS II (Grant No. JPMXD1420318865) (to M U and H I), the Danish National Research Foundation (Grant No. CENPERM DNRF100 to B E), the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 315519), the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant Nos. NRF-2016M1A5A1901769; KOPRI-PN20081 to K Y and B Y L), Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (to I G), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 140631 to G S S), the URPP Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich (to G S S), the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards (to D O), and the Northern Scientific Training Program (to D O), and UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (to V G S). S M has been supported by grants and/or in-kind from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd), Imperial Oil, Ltd, University of Alberta, Earthwatch International (EI), The Garfield Weston Foundation, Wapusk National Park, Churchill Northern Studies Centre, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. All code for this project are archived (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4041165). The data that support the findings of this study are openly available through the Arctic Data Center (Heather Kropp, Michael Loranty, Britta Sannel, Jonathan O'Donnell, Elena Blanc-Betes, et al 2020. Synthesis of soil-air temperature and vegetation measurements in the pan-Arctic. 1990-2016. Arctic Data Center. doi:10.18739/A2736M31X).582424<180 Day Usage Count>945IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.JAN2021161
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc994http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc99413Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesPG9VQGreen Published, Green Accepted, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0006000743000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13645
Spatial and temporal variation in Arctic freshwater chemistry-Reflecting climate-induced landscape alterations and a changing template for biodiversity
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYbiogeochemistry; eutrophication; lakes; oligotrophication; riversDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST THAW; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; TUNDRA; LAKES; RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; TRENDSHuser, BJ; Futter, MN; Bogan, D; Brittain, JE; Culp, JM; Goedkoop, W; Gribovskaya, I; Karlsson, J; Lau, DCP; Ruhland, KM; Schartau, AK; Shaftel, R; Smol, JP; Vrede, T; Lento, JHuser, Brian J.; Futter, Martyn N.; Bogan, Daniel; Brittain, John E.; Culp, Joseph M.; Goedkoop, Willem; Gribovskaya, Iliada; Karlsson, Jan; Lau, Danny C. P.; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Schartau, Ann Kristin; Shaftel, Rebecca; Smol, John P.; Vrede, Tobias; Lento, JenniferEnglishFreshwater chemistry across the circumpolar region was characterised using a pan-Arctic data set from 1,032 lake and 482 river stations. Temporal trends were estimated for Early (1970-1985), Middle (1986-2000), and Late (2001-2015) periods. Spatial patterns were assessed using data collected since 2001. Alkalinity, pH, conductivity, sulfate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium (major ions) were generally higher in the northern-most Arctic regions than in the Near Arctic (southern-most) region. In particular, spatial patterns in pH, alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium appeared to reflect underlying geology, with more alkaline waters in the High Arctic and Sub Arctic, where sedimentary bedrock dominated. Carbon and nutrients displayed latitudinal trends, with lower levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen, and (to a lesser extent) total phosphorus (TP) in the High and Low Arctic than at lower latitudes. Significantly higher nutrient levels were observed in systems impacted by permafrost thaw slumps. Bulk temporal trends indicated that TP was higher during the Late period in the High Arctic, whereas it was lower in the Near Arctic. In contrast, DOC and total nitrogen were both lower during the Late period in the High Arctic sites. Major ion concentrations were higher in the Near, Sub, and Low Arctic during the Late period, but the opposite bulk trend was found in the High Arctic. Significant pan-Arctic temporal trends were detected for all variables, with the most prevalent being negative TP trends in the Near and Sub Arctic, and positive trends in the High and Low Arctic (mean trends ranged from +0.57%/year in the High/Low Arctic to -2.2%/year in the Near Arctic), indicating widespread nutrient enrichment at higher latitudes and oligotrophication at lower latitudes. The divergent P trends across regions may be explained by changes in deposition and climate, causing decreased catchment transport of P in the south (e.g. increased soil binding and trapping in terrestrial vegetation) and increased P availability in the north (deepening of the active layer of the permafrost and soil/sediment sloughing). Other changes in concentrations of major ions and DOC were consistent with projected effects of ongoing climate change. Given the ongoing warming across the Arctic, these region-specific changes are likely to have even greater effects on Arctic water quality, biota, ecosystem function and services, and human well-being in the future.[Huser, Brian J.; Futter, Martyn N.; Goedkoop, Willem; Vrede, Tobias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; [Bogan, Daniel; Culp, Joseph M.; Shaftel, Rebecca] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Ctr Conservat Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Brittain, John E.] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway; [Brittain, John E.] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Oslo, Norway; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Regions Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Gribovskaya, Iliada] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Biophys, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Karlsson, Jan; Lau, Danny C. P.] Umea Univ, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden; [Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Schartau, Ann Kristin] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Oslo, Norway; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, CanadaSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate; University of Oslo; Wilfrid Laurier University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Biophysics Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Umea University; Queens University - Canada; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; University of New Brunswick; University of New BrunswickHuser, BJ (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.brian.huser@slu.seShaftel, Rebecca/HNR-3645-2023; Huser, Brian J/C-8660-2012; Lento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019; Lau, Danny Chun Pong/D-4457-2013Shaftel, Rebecca/0000-0002-4789-4211; Huser, Brian J/0000-0002-2804-326X; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Lau, Danny Chun Pong/0000-0002-3246-7508Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest TerritoriesEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest TerritoriesEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories981010<180 Day Usage Count>320WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI1429
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13645http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.136452020-11-01 00:00:0016Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005903279000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllScotty Creek Research Station, Inuvik, Norman Wells, Fort Simpson, Daring LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15659
Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYArctic; CO2 balance; empirical; greenhouse gas; land; permafrost; remote sensingCARBON-DIOXIDE BALANCE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; PERMAFROST CARBON; ARCTIC TUNDRA; GROWING-SEASON; NORTHERN PEATLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY FLUXES; SOIL-MOISTURE; EXCHANGEVirkkala, AM; Aalto, J; Rogers, BM; Tagesson, T; Treat, CC; Natali, SM; Watts, JD; Potter, S; Lehtonen, A; Mauritz, M; Schuur, EAG; Kochendorfer, J; Zona, D; Oechel, W; Kobayashi, H; Humphreys, E; Goeckede, M; Iwata, H; Lafleur, PM; Euskirchen, ES; Bokhorst, S; Marushchak, M; Martikainen, PJ; Elberling, B; Voigt, C; Biasi, C; Sonnentag, O; Parmentier, FJW; Ueyama, M; Celis, G; St Louis, VL; Emmerton, CA; Peichl, M; Chi, JS; Jarveoja, J; Nilsson, MB; Oberbauer, SF; Torn, MS; Park, SJ; Dolman, H; Mammarella, I; Chae, N; Poyatos, R; Lopez-Blanco, E; Christensen, TR; Kwon, MJ; Sachs, T; Holl, D; Luoto, MVirkkala, Anna-Maria; Aalto, Juha; Rogers, Brendan M.; Tagesson, Torbern; Treat, Claire C.; Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Potter, Stefano; Lehtonen, Aleksi; Mauritz, Marguerite; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Kochendorfer, John; Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter; Kobayashi, Hideki; Humphreys, Elyn; Goeckede, Mathias; Iwata, Hiroki; Lafleur, Peter M.; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Bokhorst, Stef; Marushchak, Maija; Martikainen, Pertti J.; Elberling, Bo; Voigt, Carolina; Biasi, Christina; Sonnentag, Oliver; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Ueyama, Masahito; Celis, Gerardo; St.Louis, Vincent L.; Emmerton, Craig A.; Peichl, Matthias; Chi, Jinshu; Jarveoja, Jarvi; Nilsson, Mats B.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Torn, Margaret S.; Park, Sang-Jong; Dolman, Han; Mammarella, Ivan; Chae, Namyi; Poyatos, Rafael; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Christensen, Torben Rojle; Kwon, Min Jung; Sachs, Torsten; Holl, David; Luoto, MiskaEnglishThe regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink-source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO2 fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990-2015 from 148 terrestrial high-latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO2 fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km(2)) across the high-latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE-focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO2 sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE -46 and -29 g C m(-2) yr(-1), respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and -2 g C m(-2) yr(-1)). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high-latitude region was on average an annual CO2 sink during 1990-2015, although uncertainty remains high.[Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Aalto, Juha; Luoto, Miska] Univ Helsinki, Dept Geosci & Geog, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Rogers, Brendan M.; Natali, Susan M.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Potter, Stefano] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Aalto, Juha] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Weather & Climate Change Impact Res, Helsinki, Finland; [Tagesson, Torbern] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Tagesson, Torbern] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Treat, Claire C.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Lehtonen, Aleksi] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Helsinki, Finland; [Mauritz, Marguerite] Univ Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Box 56407, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Kochendorfer, John] NOAAs Air Resources Lab, Atmosper Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walter] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; [Oechel, Walter] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England; [Kobayashi, Hideki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokoama, Japan; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, Jena, Germany; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Bokhorst, Stef] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Marushchak, Maija] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland; [Marushchak, Maija; Martikainen, Pertti J.; Voigt, Carolina; Biasi, Christina] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Ctr Biogeochem Anthropocene, Oslo, Norway; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Celis, Gerardo] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [St.Louis, Vincent L.; Emmerton, Craig A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Peichl, Matthias; Chi, Jinshu; Jarveoja, Jarvi; Nilsson, Mats B.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Oberbauer, Steven F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Torn, Margaret S.] Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA; [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA; [Park, Sang-Jong] Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Incheon, South Korea; [Dolman, Han] Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Chae, Namyi] Korea Univ, Inst Life Sci & Nat Resources, Seoul, South Korea; [Poyatos, Rafael] CREAF, Catalonia, Spain; [Poyatos, Rafael] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Environm & Minerals, Nuuk, Greenland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Christensen, Torben Rojle] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Kwon, Min Jung] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France; [Kwon, Min Jung] Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Life Sci, Incheon, South Korea; [Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Holl, David] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Hamburg, GermanyUniversity of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Lund University; University of Copenhagen; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; Northern Arizona University; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Sheffield; University of Exeter; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Carleton University; Max Planck Society; Shinshu University; Trent University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Jyvaskyla; University of Eastern Finland; University of Copenhagen; Universite de Montreal; University of Oslo; Osaka Metropolitan University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Alberta; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Helsinki; Korea University; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); Autonomous University of Barcelona; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Aarhus University; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; University of HamburgVirkkala, AM (corresponding author), Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.avirkkala@woodwellclimate.orgParmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013; López-Blanco, Efrén/ABA-9934-2020; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Kwon, Min Jung/GRF-4488-2022; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Biasi, Christina/E-1130-2013; Poyatos, Rafael/F-8305-2010; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Tagesson, Torbern/AGG-5627-2022; Chi, Jinshu/AAI-2059-2019; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Torn, Margaret/CAF-8960-2022; Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Voigt, Carolina/GRX-9664-2022; Emmerton, Craig A./G-2900-2013; Tagesson, Torbern/E-5429-2015; Holl, David/D-9624-2018; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; López-Blanco, Efrén/0000-0002-3796-8408; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Biasi, Christina/0000-0002-7413-3354; Poyatos, Rafael/0000-0003-0521-2523; Chi, Jinshu/0000-0001-5688-8895; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Torn, Margaret/0000-0002-8174-0099; Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Voigt, Carolina/0000-0001-8589-1428; Tagesson, Torbern/0000-0003-3011-1775; Luoto, Miska/0000-0001-6203-5143; Mauritz, Marguerite/0000-0001-8733-9119; Lehtonen, Aleksi/0000-0003-1388-0388; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466; Holl, David/0000-0002-9269-7030; Aalto, Juha/0000-0001-6819-4911; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Bokhorst, Stef/0000-0003-0184-1162; Virkkala, Anna-Maria/0000-0003-4877-2918; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Natali, Susan/0000-0002-3010-2994Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers; European Commission [H2020-BG-09-2016, 727890]; Helsingin Yliopisto; Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred Kordelinin Saatio; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability [JPMXD1420318865]; Suomen Kulttuurirahasto; Netherlands Earth System Science Centre; Korean government [KOPRI--PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07047778]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [8414]; Skogssallskapet [2018-485-Steg 2 2017]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas [2016-01289, 942-2015-49]; Vetenskapsradet [2017-05268]; Norges Forskningsrad [274711]; NASA [NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT81A, NNX17AE13G]; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond [CENPERM DNRF100]; Nordic Center of Excellence; Arctic Data Center; EU FP7-ENV [282700]; Suomen Akatemia [286950, 312912, 314630, 317054, 325680, 332196, 337549, 33761, 337552]; Greenland Research Council [80.35]; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Swedish National Space Board; NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change [1331083]; NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange) [1931333]; EU 6th Framework Programme [036993]; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF100]; Research Council of Norway; Swedish Research Council [2018-03966]; national research infrastructure SITES - VR; national research infrastructure ICOS - VR; Vaisala fund; Canada Research Chairs; US Geological Survey; NSF [1203583, 1204263, 1702797, 1702798, DEB-1636476, PLR1504381, PLR1836898, AON 856864, 1304271, 0632264, 1107892]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [317054, 314630, 332196, 325680] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA); NASA [1002818, NNX17AE13G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: UKRIHumboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers; European Commission(European CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre); Helsingin Yliopisto; Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Alfred Kordelinin Saatio; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability; Suomen Kulttuurirahasto; Netherlands Earth System Science Centre; Korean government(Korean Government); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); Skogssallskapet; Office of Biological and Environmental Research(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Svenska Forskningsradet Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); Vetenskapsradet(Swedish Research Council); Norges Forskningsrad; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Danmarks Grundforskningsfond(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); Nordic Center of Excellence; Arctic Data Center; EU FP7-ENV; Suomen Akatemia; Greenland Research Council; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Swedish National Space Board; NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change; NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange); EU 6th Framework Programme(European Commission); Danish National Research Foundation(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); national research infrastructure SITES - VR; national research infrastructure ICOS - VR; Vaisala fund; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); US Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers; European Commission, Grant/Award Number: H2020-BG-09-2016 and 727890; Helsingin Yliopisto; Jenny ja Antti Wihurin Rahasto; Vaisala fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred Kordelinin Saatio; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability, Grant/Award Number: JPMXD1420318865; Suomen Kulttuurirahasto; Netherlands Earth System Science Centre; Korean government, Grant/Award Number: KOPRI--PN21011, NRF-2021M1A5A1065679, NRF-2021M1A5A1065425 and NRF-2018R1D1A1B07047778; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 8414; Skogssallskapet, Grant/Award Number: 2018-485-Steg 2 2017; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas, Grant/Award Number: 2016-01289 and 942-2015-49; Vetenskapsradet, Grant/Award Number: 2017-05268; Norges Forskningsrad, Grant/Award Number: 274711; NASA, Grant/Award Number: NNH17ZDA001N, NNX15AT81A and NNX17AE13G; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Grant/Award Number: CENPERM DNRF100; Nordic Center of Excellence; Arctic Data Center; EU FP7-ENV, Grant/Award Number: 282700; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants; Suomen Akatemia, Grant/Award Number: 286950, 312912, 314630, 317054, 325680, 332196, 337549, 33761 and 337552; Greenland Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 80.35; Canada Research Chairs; US Geological Survey; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Swedish National Space Board; NSF Research, Synthesis, and Knowledge Transfer in a Changing Arctic: Science Support for the Study of Environmental Arctic Change, Grant/Award Number: 1331083; NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange), Grant/Award Number: 1931333; NSF grant, Grant/Award Number: 1203583, 1204263, 1702797, 1702798, DEB-1636476, PLR1504381, PLR1836898, AON 856864, 1304271, 0632264 and 1107892; EU 6th Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: 036993; Danish National Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DNRF100; Research Council of Norway; Swedish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: contract #2018-03966; the national research infrastructures SITES and ICOS, funded by VR and partner institutes1024343<180 Day Usage Count>2590WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.SEP2021271740404059
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15659http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.156592021-06-01 00:00:0020Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyTU0TO33913236Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006594530000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006719
Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESpermafrost; cryosphere and high-latitude processes; thermokarst; rivers; carbon cycling; nutrients and nutrient cyclingBOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; CARBON BIODEGRADABILITY; PEEL PLATEAU; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETER; WATER CHEMISTRY; SOIL CARBON; THAW; RIVERWologo, E; Shakil, S; Zolkos, S; Textor, S; Ewing, S; Klassen, J; Spencer, RGM; Podgorski, DC; Tank, SE; Baker, MA; O'Donnell, JA; Wickland, KP; Foks, SSW; Zarnetske, JP; Lee-Cullin, J; Liu, FT; Yang, YH; Kortelainen, P; Kolehmainen, J; Dean, JF; Vonk, JE; Holmes, RM; Pinay, G; Powell, MM; Howe, J; Frei, RJ; Bratsman, SP; Abbott, BWWologo, Ethan; Shakil, Sarah; Zolkos, Scott; Textor, Sadie; Ewing, Stephanie; Klassen, Jane; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Podgorski, David C.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Baker, Michelle A.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Foks, Sydney S. W.; Zarnetske, Jay P.; Lee-Cullin, Joseph; Liu, Futing; Yang, Yuanhe; Kortelainen, Pirkko; Kolehmainen, Jaana; Dean, Joshua F.; Vonk, Jorien E.; Holmes, Robert M.; Pinay, Gilles; Powell, Michaela M.; Howe, Jansen; Frei, Rebecca J.; Bratsman, Samuel P.; Abbott, Benjamin W.EnglishPermafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28-day incubations. We incubated late-summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high-altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two-way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.[Wologo, Ethan; Ewing, Stephanie; Klassen, Jane; Powell, Michaela M.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA; [Shakil, Sarah; Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott; Holmes, Robert M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, POB 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Textor, Sadie; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Podgorski, David C.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Textor, Sadie; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Podgorski, David C.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Baker, Michelle A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Baker, Michelle A.] Utah State Univ, Ecol Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Parks Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK USA; [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Foks, Sydney S. W.] USGS, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO USA; [Zarnetske, Jay P.; Lee-Cullin, Joseph] Michigan State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Liu, Futing; Yang, Yuanhe] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Kortelainen, Pirkko; Kolehmainen, Jaana] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Joensuu, Finland; [Dean, Joshua F.; Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Dean, Joshua F.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool, Merseyside, England; [Pinay, Gilles] CNRS, Environm Ville Soc, UMR5600, Lyon, France; [Howe, Jansen; Frei, Rebecca J.; Bratsman, Samuel P.; Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Frei, Rebecca J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, CanadaMontana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; University of Alberta; Woods Hole Research Center; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Michigan State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; Finnish Environment Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Liverpool; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon - INSA Lyon; Universite Jean Monnet; Universite Jean Moulin Lyon 3; Universite Lyon 2; Brigham Young University; University of AlbertaEwing, S (corresponding author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.;Abbott, BW (corresponding author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA.stephanie.ewing@montana.edu; benabbott@byu.eduWickland, Kimberly/AAU-2963-2021; Abbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Dean, Joshua/P-9009-2017; Vonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; Yang, Yuanhe/D-1448-2011; Podgorski, David/A-5532-2010; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Dean, Joshua/0000-0001-9058-7076; Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Ewing, Stephanie/0000-0003-0713-4266; Kortelainen, Pirkko/0000-0002-1448-0688; Wickland, Kimberly/0000-0002-6400-0590; Frei, Rebecca/0000-0002-4272-0474; Podgorski, David/0000-0002-1070-5923; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project) [MONB00389]; National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska; National Park Service via Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs); MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, 1916565]; program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) [024.002.001]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSF [1208732, 1754216, 1464392]; NASA-ABoVE Project [14-14TE-0012 (NNX15AU07A)]; USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program; USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program; National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry [DMR-1644779]; State of Florida; Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P20GM103474, U54GM115371, 5P20GM104417]Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project); National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska; National Park Service via Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs); MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA-ABoVE Project; USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program; USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program; National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry(National Science Foundation (NSF)); State of Florida; Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of HealthE. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA-ABoVE Project 14-14TE-0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT-ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health.2021617<180 Day Usage Count>1780AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleJAN2021351
e2020GB006719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006719http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB00671925Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesQA3EO33519064Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-11WOS:0006133307000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlands, Anderson Plain, Inuvik, TuktoyaktukNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018
Sub-seasonal thaw slump mass wasting is not consistently energy limited at the landscape scale
ArticleCRYOSPHEREGROUND-ICE; TANDEM-X; NORTHEAST SIBERIA; THERMAL REGIME; PEEL PLATEAU; PERMAFROST; EROSION; ISLAND; DELTA; YEDOMAZwieback, S; Kokelj, SV; Gunther, F; Boike, J; Grosse, G; Hajnsek, IZwieback, Simon; Kokelj, Steven V.; Guenther, Frank; Boike, Julia; Grosse, Guido; Hajnsek, IrenaEnglishPredicting future thaw slump activity requires a sound understanding of the atmospheric drivers and geomorphic controls on mass wasting across a range of timescales. On sub-seasonal timescales, sparse measurements indicate that mass wasting at active slumps is often limited by the energy available for melting ground ice, but other factors such as rainfall or the formation of an insulating veneer may also be relevant. To study the sub-seasonal drivers, we derive topographic changes from single-pass radar interferometric data acquired by the TanDEM-X satellites. The estimated elevation changes at 12m resolution complement the commonly observed planimetric retreat rates by providing information on volume losses. Their high vertical precision (around 30 cm), frequent observations (11 days) and large coverage (5000 km(2)) allow us to track mass wasting as drivers such as the available energy change during the summer of 2015 in two study regions. We find that thaw slumps in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Canada, are not energy limited in June, as they undergo limited mass wasting (height loss of around 0 cm day 1) despite the ample available energy, suggesting the widespread presence of early season insulating snow or debris veneer. Later in summer, height losses generally increase (around 3 cm day 1), but they do so in distinct ways. For many slumps, mass wasting tracks the available energy, a temporal pattern that is also observed at coastal yedoma cliffs on the Bykovsky Peninsula, Russia. However, the other two common temporal trajectories are asynchronous with the available energy, as they track strong precipitation events or show a sudden speed-up in late August respectively. The observed temporal patterns are poorly related to slump characteristics like the headwall height. The contrasting temporal behaviour of nearby thaw slumps highlights the importance of complex local and temporally varying controls on mass wasting.[Zwieback, Simon] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Zwieback, Simon; Hajnsek, Irena] ETH, Dept Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Guenther, Frank; Boike, Julia; Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Periglacial Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany; [Hajnsek, Irena] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Microwaves & Radar Inst, Wessling, GermanyUniversity of Guelph; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR)Hajnsek, I (corresponding author), ETH, Dept Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland.;Hajnsek, I (corresponding author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Microwaves & Radar Inst, Wessling, Germany.hajnsek@ifu.baug.ethz.chGünther, Frank/O-5226-2015; Hajnsek, Irena/AAH-1504-2021; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Boike, Julia/R-4766-2016Günther, Frank/0000-0001-8298-8937; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Boike, Julia/0000-0002-5875-2112; Hajnsek, Irena/0000-0002-0926-3283; Zwieback, Simon/0000-0002-1398-6046Helmholtz Association (HA310 Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics); European Space Agency (SP-InSARAP); Swiss National Science Foundation [P2EZP2_168789]; German Aerospace Center (DLR) [zwieback_XTI_GEOL6759]; European Research Council ERC [338335]; Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association [ERC-0013]Helmholtz Association (HA310 Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics); European Space Agency (SP-InSARAP)(European Space Agency); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); German Aerospace Center (DLR)(Helmholtz AssociationGerman Aerospace Centre (DLR)); European Research Council ERC(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz AssociationThe authors thank Annett Bartsch, Birgit Heim and Anne Morgenstern for constructive discussions. Support by the Helmholtz Association (HA310 Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics) and by the European Space Agency (SP-InSARAP) is gratefully acknowledged. The TanDEM-X data were provided by DLR through proposal XTI_GEOL6759. Simon Zwieback acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (P2EZP2_168789). The TanDEM-X data were provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) under a scientific license, project zwieback_XTI_GEOL6759. Guido Grosse and Frank Gunther were supported by the European Research Council ERC#338335 and the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (ERC-0013). NTGS Contribution #0108.442929<180 Day Usage Count>19COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereFEB 142018122549564
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-201816Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyFW1XDGreen Published, Green Submitted, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004250928000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaDempster Highway, Noell LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18479-5
Summer warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra biome
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSCLIMATE-CHANGE; SHRUB EXPANSION; VEGETATION CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LANDSAT; VARIABILITY; PERMAFROST; ALGORITHM; INUIT; PERFORMANCEBerner, LT; Massey, R; Jantz, P; Forbes, BC; Macias-Fauria, M; Myers-Smith, I; Kumpula, T; Gauthier, G; Andreu-Hayles, L; Gaglioti, BV; Burns, P; Zetterberg, P; D'Arrigo, R; Goetz, SJBerner, Logan T.; Massey, Richard; Jantz, Patrick; Forbes, Bruce C.; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Myers-Smith, Isla; Kumpula, Timo; Gauthier, Gilles; Andreu-Hayles, Laia; Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Burns, Patrick; Zetterberg, Pentti; D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Goetz, Scott J.EnglishArctic warming can influence tundra ecosystem function with consequences for climate feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra biome remains poorly quantified due to field measurement limitations and reliance on coarse-resolution satellite data. Here, we assess decadal changes in Arctic tundra greenness using time series from the 30m resolution Landsat satellites. From 1985 to 2016 tundra greenness increased (greening) at similar to 37.3% of sampling sites and decreased (browning) at similar to 4.7% of sampling sites. Greening occurred most often at warm sampling sites with increased summer air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture, while browning occurred most often at cold sampling sites that cooled and dried. Tundra greenness was positively correlated with graminoid, shrub, and ecosystem productivity measured at field sites. Our results support the hypothesis that summer warming stimulated plant productivity across much, but not all, of the Arctic tundra biome during recent decades. Satellites provide clear evidence of greening trends in the Arctic, but high-resolution pan-Arctic quantification of these trends is lacking. Here the authors analyse high-resolution Landsat data to show widespread greening in the Arctic, and find that greening trends are linked to summer warming overall but not always locally.[Berner, Logan T.; Massey, Richard; Jantz, Patrick; Burns, Patrick; Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arct Ctr, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland; [Macias-Fauria, Marc] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QF, England; [Myers-Smith, Isla] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Kumpula, Timo] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Geog & Hist Studies, Joensuu 80101, Finland; [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Andreu-Hayles, Laia; D'Arrigo, Rosanne] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Gaglioti, Benjamin V.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Zetterberg, Pentti] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Forest Sci, Joensuu 80101, FinlandNorthern Arizona University; University of Lapland; University of Oxford; University of Edinburgh; University of Eastern Finland; Laval University; Laval University; Columbia University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Eastern FinlandBerner, LT (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.logan.berner@nau.eduGoetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Andreu-Hayles, Laia/H-6200-2012; Andreu-Hayles, Laia/AGK-7030-2022; Forbes, Bruce/L-4431-2013; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Andreu-Hayles, Laia/0000-0003-4185-681X; Forbes, Bruce/0000-0002-4593-5083; Jantz, Patrick/0000-0001-5103-2270; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Macias-Fauria, Marc/0000-0002-8438-2223; Berner, Logan/0000-0001-8947-0479; Gaglioti, Benjamin/0000-0003-0591-5253; Gauthier, Gilles/0000-0002-2624-3508National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX17AE44G, 80NSSC19M0112]; NASA Carbon Cycle Science [NNX17AE13G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Natural Sciences [1661723]; NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education [1743738]; NSF Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences [1502150]; Academy of Finland [256991, 330319]; European Commission Research and Innovation Action [869471]; United Kingdom National Environmental Research Council [NE/L011859/1, NE/M016323/1]; Joint Fire Science Program [16-1-01-8]; NSF Polar Programs [1504134]; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; network of center of excellence ArcticNet; Polar Continental Shelf Program; National Science Foundation [1107892]; Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative Fund; Joint Program Initiative Climate [291581]; NERC [NE/L011859/1, NE/M016323/1] Funding Source: UKRI; NASA [1002818, NNX17AE13G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER; Academy of Finland (AKA) [256991] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); NASA Carbon Cycle Science(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Natural Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education; NSF Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); European Commission Research and Innovation Action; United Kingdom National Environmental Research Council; Joint Fire Science Program; NSF Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; network of center of excellence ArcticNet; Polar Continental Shelf Program; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative Fund; Joint Program Initiative Climate; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) grants NNX17AE44G and 80NSSC19M0112 to S.J.G., NASA Carbon Cycle Science grant NNX17AE13G to S.J.G, and National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Natural Sciences grant 1661723 to R.D'A., L.A.-H., and S.J.G. Additional support provided by NSF Partnerships for International Research and Education grant 1743738 and NSF Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences grant 1502150 to R.D'A. B.C.F. was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 256991), the Joint Program Initiative Climate (grant 291581), and the European Commission Research and Innovation Action (grant 869471). T.K. was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 330319). M.M.-F. and I.M.-S. acknowledge support from the United Kingdom National Environmental Research Council (grants NE/L011859/1 and NE/M016323/1, respectively). B.V.G. was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program (grant 16-1-01-8). L.A.-H. acknowledges support from NSF Polar Programs (grant 1504134) and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center. G.G. acknowledges support from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the network of center of excellence ArcticNet, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Landsat Surface Reflectance products were provided courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey. This work used eddy covariance data acquired and shared by the FLUXNET community, with additional eddy covariance data provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, based on the work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant 1107892). Computational analyses were run on Northern Arizona University's Monsoon computing cluster, funded by Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative Fund.104107107<180 Day Usage Count>1866NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.SEP 222020111
4621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18479-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18479-512Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsNU6HQ32963240Green Published, goldYN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005737440000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.008
Survey-based assessment of the frequency and potential impacts of recreation on polar bears
ArticleBIOLOGICAL CONSERVATIONArctic; Expert opinion; Human-bear interactions; Human disturbance; Tourism; Wildlife viewingSOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; OPEN-WATER PERIOD; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DELPHI METHOD; BROWN BEARS; HUDSON-BAY; ICE; TOURISMRode, KD; Fortin-Noreus, JK; Garshelis, D; Dyck, M; Sahanatien, V; Atwood, T; Belikov, S; Laidre, KL; Miller, S; Obbard, ME; Vongraven, D; Ware, J; Wilder, JRode, Karyn D.; Fortin-Noreus, Jennifer K.; Garshelis, David; Dyck, Markus; Sahanatien, Vicki; Atwood, Todd; Belikov, Stanislav; Laidre, Kristin L.; Miller, Susanne; Obbard, Martyn E.; Vongraven, Dag; Ware, Jasmine; Wilder, JamesEnglishConservation plans for polar bears (Ursus maritanus) typically cannot prescribe management actions to address their primary threat: sea ice loss associated with climate warming. However, there may be other stressors that compound the negative effects of sea ice loss which can be mitigated. For example, Arctic tourism has increased concurrent with polar bears increasingly using terrestrial habitats, which creates the potential for increased human-bear interactions. Little is known about the types, frequency, or potential impacts of recreation. We conducted a Delphi survey among experts who live and work in polar bear habitats, followed by an internet-based survey to which 47 managers, tour operators, community members, and scientists contributed. Participants identified viewing-based recreation as increasing and affecting the largest proportion of bears within subpopulations that come ashore during the ice-free season. Survey respondents suggested that negative effects of viewing, including displacement and habituation, could be reduced by restricting human use areas and distances between bears and people. Killing of bears in defense was associated more with camping or hunting for other species than other recreations, and may be mitigated with deterrents. Snowmobiling was the most common recreation across the polar bears' range, and reportedly caused some den abandonment and displacement. However, respondents estimated that < 10% of polar bears are exposed to most types of recreation and < 50% surmised any negative impacts. Nevertheless, mitigating some of the negative impacts identified in this study may become increasingly important as polar bears cope with sea ice loss.[Rode, Karyn D.; Fortin-Noreus, Jennifer K.; Atwood, Todd] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Garshelis, David] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN USA; [Dyck, Markus; Ware, Jasmine] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada; [Sahanatien, Vicki] POB 1584, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada; [Belikov, Stanislav] All Russian Res Inst Environm Protect, Moscow 113628, Russia; [Laidre, Kristin L.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Polar Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA; [Miller, Susanne; Wilder, James] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK USA; [Obbard, Martyn E.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Vongraven, Dag] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Fortin-Noreus, Jennifer K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grizzly Bear Recovery Off, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Univ Hall,Room 30, Missoula, MT USAUnited States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry; Norwegian Polar Institute; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife ServiceRode, KD (corresponding author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.krode@usgs.govBelikov, Stanislav/AAU-9597-2021; Obbard, Martyn/AFU-0326-2022Ware, Jasmine/0000-0001-8357-9174; Obbard, Martyn/0000-0003-2064-0155; Vongraven, Dag/0000-0002-0505-7757U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem initiative through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission AreaU.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem initiative through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission AreaThis work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey's Changing Arctic Ecosystem initiative through the Wildlife Program of the Ecosystem Mission Area. We thank all those who participated in the Delphi survey and the follow-up survey. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.90910<180 Day Usage Count>566ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0006-32071873-2917BIOL CONSERVBiol. Conserv.NOV2018227121132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.008http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.09.00812Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyGZ1LNBronze2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0004491297000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13805
Temperature and spatial connectivity drive patterns in freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity across the Arctic
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYbenthic invertebrates; dispersal; diversity; high latitude; lake; riverCLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BIODIVERSITY; RICHNESS; INVERTEBRATES; RESPONSES; ASSEMBLAGES; RESOLUTIONLento, J; Culp, JM; Levenstein, B; Aroviita, J; Baturina, MA; Bogan, D; Brittain, JE; Chin, K; Christoffersen, KS; Docherty, C; Friberg, N; Ingimarsson, F; Jacobsen, D; Lau, DCP; Loskutova, OA; Milner, A; Mykra, H; Novichkova, AA; Olafsson, JS; Schartau, AK; Shaftel, R; Goedkoop, WLento, Jennifer; Culp, Joseph M.; Levenstein, Brianna; Aroviita, Jukka; Baturina, Maria A.; Bogan, Daniel; Brittain, John E.; Chin, Krista; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Docherty, Catherine; Friberg, Nikolai; Ingimarsson, Finnur; Jacobsen, Dean; Lau, Danny Chun Pong; Loskutova, Olga A.; Milner, Alexander; Mykra, Heikki; Novichkova, Anna A.; Olafsson, Jon S.; Schartau, Ann Kristin; Shaftel, Rebecca; Goedkoop, WillemEnglishWarming in the Arctic is predicted to change freshwater biodiversity through loss of unique taxa and northward range expansion of lower latitude taxa. Detecting such changes requires establishing circumpolar baselines for diversity, and understanding the primary drivers of diversity. We examined benthic macroinvertebrate diversity using a circumpolar dataset of >1,500 Arctic lake and river sites. Rarefied alpha diversity within catchments was assessed along latitude and temperature gradients. Community composition was assessed through region-scale analysis of beta diversity and its components (nestedness and turnover), and analysis of biotic-abiotic relationships. Rarefied alpha diversity of lakes and rivers declined with increasing latitude, although more strongly across mainland regions than islands. Diversity was strongly related to air temperature, with the lowest diversity in the coldest catchments. Regional dissimilarity was highest when mainland regions were compared with islands, suggesting that connectivity limitations led to the strongest dissimilarity. High contributions of nestedness indicated that island regions contained a subset of the taxa found in mainland regions. High Arctic rivers and lakes were predominately occupied by Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, whereas Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera taxa were more abundant at lower latitudes. Community composition was strongly associated with temperature, although geology and precipitation were also important correlates. The strong association with temperature supports the prediction that warming will increase Arctic macroinvertebrate diversity, although low diversity on islands suggests that this increase will be limited by biogeographical constraints. Long-term harmonised monitoring across the circumpolar region is necessary to detect such changes to diversity and inform science-based management.[Lento, Jennifer; Levenstein, Brianna] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Lento, Jennifer; Levenstein, Brianna] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Aroviita, Jukka; Mykra, Heikki] Finnish Environm Inst, Freshwater Ctr, Oulu, Finland; [Baturina, Maria A.; Loskutova, Olga A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Ural Branch, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Bogan, Daniel; Shaftel, Rebecca] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Alaska Ctr Conservat Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Brittain, John E.] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Oslo, Norway; [Brittain, John E.] Univ Oslo, Nat Hist Museum, Oslo, Norway; [Chin, Krista] Govt Northwest Terr, Cumulat Impact Monitoring Program, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Friberg, Nikolai; Jacobsen, Dean] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Freshwater Biol Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Docherty, Catherine; Milner, Alexander] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England; [Friberg, Nikolai] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway; [Friberg, Nikolai] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Water Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Ingimarsson, Finnur] Nat Hist Museum Kopavogur, Kopavogur, Iceland; [Lau, Danny Chun Pong] Umea Univ, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Abisko, Sweden; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Biol Fac, Dept Gen Ecol & Hydrobiol, Moscow, Russia; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Fed State Budget Inst State Nat Reserve Wrangel I, Pevek, Russia; [Olafsson, Jon S.] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Schartau, Ann Kristin] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Oslo, Norway; [Goedkoop, Willem] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; Finnish Environment Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate; University of Oslo; University of Copenhagen; University of Birmingham; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); University of Leeds; Umea University; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI); Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesGoedkoop, W (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden.willem.goedkoop@slu.seShaftel, Rebecca/HNR-3645-2023; Aroviita, Jukka/GQP-6335-2022; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014Shaftel, Rebecca/0000-0002-4789-4211; Aroviita, Jukka/0000-0003-3330-0731; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017; Levenstein, Brianna/0000-0002-3776-1933Newfoundland and Labrador Water Resources Management Division; Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit; Parks Canada Nahanni National Park Reserve; Parks Canada Western Arctic Field Unit; Environment and Climate Change Canada; European Union Environment and Climate Programme; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; International Polar Year; Polar Continental Shelf Project; The Icelandic Centre for Research; The DANCEA programme (Denmark); Natural Environment Research Council studentship [NE/L501712/1]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013, 262693]; Norwegian Environment Agency; Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation; State Task of the Animals Ecology Department of the Institute of Biology, Komi SC UrD RAS [0414-2018-0005 (AAAA-A17-117112850235-2)]; NERC [NE/L501712/1] Funding Source: UKRINewfoundland and Labrador Water Resources Management Division; Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit; Parks Canada Nahanni National Park Reserve; Parks Canada Western Arctic Field Unit; Environment and Climate Change Canada; European Union Environment and Climate Programme; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; International Polar Year; Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada); The Icelandic Centre for Research; The DANCEA programme (Denmark); Natural Environment Research Council studentship(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); European Union Seventh Framework Programme(European Commission); Norwegian Environment Agency; Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation; State Task of the Animals Ecology Department of the Institute of Biology, Komi SC UrD RAS; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))J.L. initiated and designed the study, coordinated data collection, contributed data, harmonised data, conducted analysis, created tables/figures and drafted the paper. J.M.C. and W.G. initiated and designed the study, contributed data, and drafted the paper. B.L. contributed data, harmonised data, conducted data analysis, and contributed to writing/editing paper. All other authors contributed data and contributed to writing/editing paper. The authors wish to thank the CAFF Secretariat and the co-leads of the CBMP for their support. Thank you to Jani Heino for reviewing and improving the manuscript through constructive comments and editing. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Thanks to Tim Pascoe of Environment and Climate Change Canada, who helped identify relevant data and obtain data from the CABIN database. We are grateful to the following, who allowed the use of their CABIN monitoring data: Canadian Zinc; Hatfield Consulting; Newfoundland and Labrador Water Resources Management Division; Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit; Parks Canada Nahanni National Park Reserve; and Parks Canada Western Arctic Field Unit. Thanks to Brittany Armstrong, Beverley Elliott, Julia Howland, and Raja Wetuschat, who helped with data identification, acquisition, and formatting. We thank everyone who participated in field work to collect the circumpolar benthic macroinvertebrate data used in this study. Data provided by co-authors was collected with the support of the following funding agencies: Environment and Climate Change Canada; European Union Environment and Climate Programme; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; International Polar Year; Polar Continental Shelf Project; The Icelandic Centre for Research; The DANCEA programme (Denmark); a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (NE/L501712/1), and European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant 262693 (INTERACT), the Norwegian Environment Agency and the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation. We also thank managers of national monitoring data bases in the Scandinavian countries for their help with data extraction and formatting. The contribution by Maria Baturina and Olga Loskutova was done in the frame of the State Task of the Animals Ecology Department of the Institute of Biology, Komi SC UrD RAS, no. 0414-2018-0005 (AAAA-A17-117112850235-2).7377<180 Day Usage Count>626WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI159175
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13805http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.138052021-08-01 00:00:0017Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDhybrid, Green Published2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006907243000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllBoreal peatlandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abab34
The biophysical climate mitigation potential of boreal peatlands during the growing season
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSpeatlands; boreal forest; climate mitigation; regional climate; energy balanceLAND-COVER CHANGE; SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PERMAFROST THAW; ENERGY-BALANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; FOREST; CARBON; IMPACT; RESTORATIONHelbig, M; Waddington, JM; Alekseychik, P; Amiro, B; Aurela, M; Barr, AG; Black, TA; Carey, SK; Chen, JQ; Chi, JS; Desai, AR; Dunn, A; Euskirchen, ES; Flanagan, LB; Friborg, T; Garneau, M; Grelle, A; Harder, S; Heliasz, M; Humphreys, ER; Ikawa, H; Isabelle, PE; Iwata, H; Jassal, R; Korkiakoski, M; Kurbatova, J; Kutzbach, L; Lapshina, E; Lindroth, A; Lofvenius, MO; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Marsh, P; Moore, PA; Maximov, T; Nadeau, DF; Nicholls, EM; Nilsson, MB; Ohta, T; Peichl, M; Petrone, RM; Prokushkin, A; Quinton, WL; Roulet, N; Runkle, BRK; Sonnentag, O; Strachan, IB; Taillardat, P; Tuittila, ES; Tuovinen, JP; Turner, J; Ueyama, M; Varlagin, A; Vesala, T; Wilmking, M; Zyrianov, V; Schulze, CHelbig, Manuel; Waddington, James M.; Alekseychik, Pavel; Amiro, Brian; Aurela, Mika; Barr, Alan G.; Black, T. Andrew; Carey, Sean K.; Chen, Jiquan; Chi, Jinshu; Desai, Ankur R.; Dunn, Allison; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Friborg, Thomas; Garneau, Michelle; Grelle, Achim; Harder, Silvie; Heliasz, Michal; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Ikawa, Hiroki; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Iwata, Hiroki; Jassal, Rachhpal; Korkiakoski, Mika; Kurbatova, Juliya; Kutzbach, Lars; Lapshina, Elena; Lindroth, Anders; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Marsh, Philip; Moore, Paul A.; Maximov, Trofim; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Nicholls, Erin M.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Ohta, Takeshi; Peichl, Matthias; Petrone, Richard M.; Prokushkin, Anatoly; Quinton, William L.; Roulet, Nigel; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Strachan, Ian B.; Taillardat, Pierre; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Varlagin, Andrej; Vesala, Timo; Wilmking, Martin; Zyrianov, Vyacheslav; Schulze, ChristopherEnglishPeatlands and forests cover large areas of the boreal biome and are critical for global climate regulation. They also regulate regional climate through heat and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere. Understanding how land-atmosphere interactions in peatlands differ from forests may therefore be crucial for modelling boreal climate system dynamics and for assessing climate benefits of peatland conservation and restoration. To assess the biophysical impacts of peatlands and forests on peak growing season air temperature and humidity, we analysed surface energy fluxes and albedo from 35 peatlands and 37 evergreen needleleaf forests-the dominant boreal forest type-and simulated air temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) over hypothetical homogeneous peatland and forest landscapes. We ran an evapotranspiration model using land surface parameters derived from energy flux observations and coupled an analytical solution for the surface energy balance to an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model. We found that peatlands, compared to forests, are characterized by higher growing season albedo, lower aerodynamic conductance, and higher surface conductance for an equivalent VPD. This combination of peatland surface properties results in a similar to 20% decrease in afternoon ABL height, a cooling (from 1.7 to 2.5 degrees C) in afternoon air temperatures, and a decrease in afternoon VPD (from 0.4 to 0.7 kPa) for peatland landscapes compared to forest landscapes. These biophysical climate impacts of peatlands are most pronounced at lower latitudes (similar to 45 degrees N) and decrease toward the northern limit of the boreal biome (similar to 70 degrees N). Thus, boreal peatlands have the potential to mitigate the effect of regional climate warming during the growing season. The biophysical climate mitigation potential of peatlands needs to be accounted for when projecting the future climate of the boreal biome, when assessing the climate benefits of conserving pristine boreal peatlands, and when restoring peatlands that have experienced peatland drainage and mining.[Helbig, Manuel; Waddington, James M.; Carey, Sean K.; Moore, Paul A.; Nicholls, Erin M.] McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Alekseychik, Pavel; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Phys, Fac Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Alekseychik, Pavel] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Bioecon & Environm, Helsinki, Finland; [Amiro, Brian] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Aurela, Mika; Korkiakoski, Mika; Lohila, Annalea; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Barr, Alan G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Barr, Alan G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Black, T. Andrew; Jassal, Rachhpal] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Chi, Jinshu; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Desai, Ankur R.; Turner, Jessica] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher Sci & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Dunn, Allison] Worcester State Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Phys, Worcester, MA USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Flanagan, Lawrence B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Garneau, Michelle; Taillardat, Pierre] Univ Quebec Montreal Geotop, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Grelle, Achim] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden; [Harder, Silvie; Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Heliasz, Michal] Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Ikawa, Hiroki] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Nadeau, Daniel F.] Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Eaux, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Kurbatova, Juliya; Varlagin, Andrej] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia; [Kutzbach, Lars; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany; [Lapshina, Elena] Yugra State Univ, Ctr Environm Dynam & Climate Changes, Khanty Mansiysk, Russia; [Lindroth, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Marsh, Philip; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Maximov, Trofim] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Ohta, Takeshi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; [Petrone, Richard M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Prokushkin, Anatoly; Zyrianov, Vyacheslav] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Strachan, Ian B.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Fac Agr & Forestry, Helsinki, Finland; [Wilmking, Martin] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany; [Schulze, Christopher] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, CanadaMcMaster University; Dalhousie University; University of Helsinki; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Manitoba; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of British Columbia; Michigan State University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Massachusetts System of Public Higher Education; Worcester State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Lethbridge; University of Copenhagen; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; McGill University; Lund University; Carleton University; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Laval University; Shinshu University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Hamburg; Yugra State University; Lund University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; Nagoya University; University of Waterloo; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; McGill University; University of Eastern Finland; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Helsinki; Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; University of AlbertaHelbig, M (corresponding author), McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.manuel.helbig@dal.caVarlagin, Andrej/A-6568-2012; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik/AAT-3776-2021; Korkiakoski, Mika/AAN-3740-2021; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021; Runkle, B. R. K./AAC-3404-2020; Taillardat, Pierre/AAA-1128-2021; Runkle, B. R. K./ABG-5884-2021; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Chi, Jinshu/AAI-2059-2019; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Wilmking, Martin/AAV-9310-2020; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015Varlagin, Andrej/0000-0002-2549-5236; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik/0000-0002-2819-1377; Korkiakoski, Mika/0000-0001-6875-9978; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Chi, Jinshu/0000-0001-5688-8895; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Barr, Alan/0000-0003-2717-218X; Waddington, James Michael/0000-0002-0317-7894; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Garneau, Michelle/0000-0002-1956-9243; Chen, Jiquan/0000-0003-0761-9458; Nicholls, Erin/0000-0002-8102-7285; Peichl, Matthias/0000-0002-9940-5846; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917; Schulze, Christopher/0000-0002-6579-0360; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Nadeau, Daniel/0000-0002-4006-2623; Juliya, Kurbatova/0000-0003-4452-7376; Amiro, Brian/0000-0002-9969-0050ICOS-FINLAND [281255]; Finnish Center of Excellence [307331]; EU Horizon-2020 RINGO project [730944]; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [18-45-243003]; RFBR [18-45-243003, 19-04-01234-a]; Max Planck Society; US National Science foundation [DEB-1440297]; DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project; Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); NSERC Discovery Grant; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project [JPMXD1420318865]; NASA; BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); Canada Research Chairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Kempe Foundations [SMK-1743]; VR [2018-03966]; Formas [2016-01289]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2015.0047]; German Research Foundation [Wi 2680/2-1]; European Union [36993]; Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation [EXC177]; FLUXNET-Canada Network; Canadian Carbon Program; Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Yugra State University [13-01-20/39]; NSERC [RDCPJ514218]; Ministry of Transport and Communication through ICOS-Finland; Academy of Finland [296888, 308511]; Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation; Yakutian Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences [FWRS-2020-0012]; RFBR; Government of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra project [18-44-860017]; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Global Water Futures research program; NSERC; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Forest Service; Academy of Finland (AKA) [296888, 308511] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)ICOS-FINLAND; Finnish Center of Excellence; EU Horizon-2020 RINGO project; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science; RFBR(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Max Planck Society(Max Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX); US National Science foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD)(Natural Resources Canada); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Kempe Foundations; VR(Swedish Research Council); Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation); German Research Foundation(German Research Foundation (DFG)); European Union(European Commission); Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation; FLUXNET-Canada Network; Canadian Carbon Program; Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks; Yugra State University; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ministry of Transport and Communication through ICOS-Finland; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation; Yakutian Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; RFBR(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Government of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra project; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Global Water Futures research program; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Canadian Forest Service(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This work is part of the Boreal Water Futures project and supported through the Global Water Futures research program. We thank all the EC flux tower teams for sharing their data. We are grateful to Myroslava Khomik, Adam Green, Inke Forbrich, Eric Kessel, Gordon Drewitt, and Pasi Kolari for helping with data preparation and to Inke Forbrich on feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript.; I M acknowledges funding from ICOS-FINLAND (Grant 281255), Finnish Center of Excellence (Grant 307331), and EU Horizon-2020 RINGO project (Grant 730944). A P acknowledges funding through the research project #18-45-243003 (RFBR and Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science) and support for flux tower sites RU-ZOP and RU-ZOB through the Max Planck Society. A D and J T acknowledges funding from US National Science foundation #DEB-1440297 and DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award to ChEAS core site cluster. T A B, A G B, and R J acknowledge support received through grants from the Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC, CFCAS, and BIOCAP) and the Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS) and by an NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) Grant to the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN; 2012-2016) and an NSERC Discovery Grant. H I and M U acknowledge support by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) project (JPMXD1420318865). J K and A V acknowledge funding by RFBR project number 19-04-01234-a. B A acknowledges funding through NASA, NSERC, BIOCAP Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for flux measurements at CA-MAN and through the Canadian Forest Service, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), and BIOCAP Canada), the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS), Parks Canada, and the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD). O S acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs. L B F acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), and BIOCAP Canada), and the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS). M B N, M O L, M P, and J C gratefully acknowledge funding from the Swedish research infrastructures SITES and ICOS Sweden and research grants from Kempe Foundations, (#SMK-1743); VR (#2018-03966) and Formas, (#2016-01289) and M P gratefully acknowledges funding from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (#2015.0047).; M W acknowledge funding by the German Research Foundation (Grant Wi 2680/2-1) and the European Union (Grant 36993). B R K R and L K acknowledge support by the Cluster of Excellence 'CliSAP' (EXC177) of the University of Hamburg, funded by the German Research Foundation. H I acknowledges JAMSTEC and IARC/UAF collaboration study (JICS) and Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS). E H acknowledges the support of the FLUXNET-Canada Network, the Canadian Carbon Program, and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. E L acknowledges funding by RFBR and Government of the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra project #18-44-860017 and grant of the Yugra State University (13-01-20/39). M G and P T acknowledge NSERC funding (RDCPJ514218). M A, M K, A L. and J P T acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Transport and Communication through ICOS-Finland, Academy of Finland (grants 296888 and 308511), and Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation. T M acknowledge funding by Yakutian Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Grant FWRS-2020-0012).1091313<180 Day Usage Count>342IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.OCT20201510
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abab34http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abab3414Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOB3ZHgold, Green Published2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0005784106000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllSites with tree ring chronologies extending past 1990NAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13780
Tree-ring analysis and modeling approaches yield contrary response of circumboreal forest productivity to climate change
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal forest; climate change; climate sensitivity; DGVM; ITRDB; tree ringCARBON ALLOCATION; BOREAL FOREST; GROWTH; DROUGHT; CO2; MORTALITY; STORAGE; 20TH-CENTURY; ENHANCEMENT; EXTREMESTei, S; Sugimoto, A; Yonenobu, H; Matsuura, Y; Osawa, A; Sato, H; Fujinuma, J; Maximov, TTei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko; Yonenobu, Hitoshi; Matsuura, Yojiro; Osawa, Akira; Sato, Hisashi; Fujinuma, Junichi; Maximov, TrofimEnglishCircumboreal forest ecosystems are exposed to a larger magnitude of warming in comparison with the global average, as a result of warming-induced environmental changes. However, it is not clear how tree growth in these ecosystems responds to these changes. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of forest productivity to climate change using ring width indices (RWI) from a tree-ring width dataset accessed from the International Tree-Ring Data Bank and gridded climate datasets from the Climate Research Unit. A negative relationship of RWI with summer temperature and recent reductions in RWI were typically observed in continental dry regions, such as inner Alaska and Canada, southern Europe, and the southern part of eastern Siberia. We then developed a multiple regression model with regional meteorological parameters to predict RWI, and then applied to these models to predict how tree growth will respond to twenty-first-century climate change (RCP8.5 scenario). The projections showed a spatial variation and future continuous reduction in tree growth in those continental dry regions. The spatial variation, however, could not be reproduced by a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). The DGVM projected a generally positive trend in future tree growth all over the circumboreal region. These results indicate that DGVMs may overestimate future wood net primary productivity (NPP) in continental dry regions such as these; this seems to be common feature of current DGVMs. DGVMs should be able to express the negative effect of warming on tree growth, so that they simulate the observed recent reduction in tree growth in continental dry regions.[Tei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Tei, Shunsuke] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan; [Yonenobu, Hitoshi] Naruto Univ Educ, Coll Educ, Naruto, Japan; [Matsuura, Yojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Osawa, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Kyoto, Japan; [Sato, Hisashi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Fujinuma, Junichi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Maximov, Trofim] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Inst Biol Problem Cryolithozone, Yakutsk, Russia; [Maximov, Trofim] North Eastern Fed Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Yakutsk, Russia; [Tei, Shunsuke; Sugimoto, Atsuko] Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanHokkaido University; Research Organization of Information & Systems (ROIS); National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) - Japan; Naruto University of Education; Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Kyoto University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Hokkaido University; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk; Hokkaido UniversityTei, S (corresponding author), Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.stei@arc.hokudai.ac.jpTei, Shunsuke/AAA-4663-2020; Maximov, Trofim/J-8964-2016; Yonenobu, Hitoshi/AAB-1500-2021Maximov, Trofim/0000-0001-7003-5653; Yonenobu, Hitoshi/0000-0002-1596-7543; Tei, Shunsuke/0000-0003-3213-6829; Fujinuma, Junichi/0000-0001-9004-4709Green Network of Excellence (GRENE); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26101002, 26281003, 17H04492] Funding Source: KAKENGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))Green Network of Excellence (GRENE)465858<180 Day Usage Count>1099WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.DEC2017231251795188
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13780http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1378010Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFM4FN285857652023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004149690000190 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34049-3
Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSCARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL FOREST; TUNDRA; FLUXES; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKS; SNOW; VARIABILITY; EXCHANGES; PHENOLOGYOehri, J; Schaepman-Strub, G; Kim, JS; Grysko, R; Kropp, H; Grunberg, I; Zemlianskii, V; Sonnentag, O; Euskirchen, ES; Chacko, MR; Muscari, G; Blanken, PD; Dean, JF; di Sarra, A; Harding, RJ; Sobota, I; Kutzbach, L; Plekhanova, E; Riihela, A; Boike, J; Miller, NB; Beringer, J; Lopez-Blanco, E; Stoy, PC; Sullivan, RC; Kejna, M; Parmentier, FJW; Gamon, JA; Mastepanov, M; Wille, C; Jackowicz-Korczynski, M; Karger, DN; Quinton, WL; Putkonen, J; van As, D; Christensen, TR; Hakuba, MZ; Stone, RS; Metzger, S; Vandecrux, B; Frost, GV; Wild, M; Hansen, B; Meloni, D; Domine, F; te Beest, M; Sachs, T; Kalhori, A; Rocha, AV; Williamson, SN; Morris, S; Atchley, AL; Essery, R; Runkle, BRK; Holl, D; Riihimaki, LD; Iwata, H; Schuur, EAG; Cox, CJ; Grachev, AA; McFadden, JP; Fausto, RS; Gockede, M; Ueyama, M; Pirk, N; de Boer, G; Bret-Harte, MS; Lepparanta, M; Steffen, K; Friborg, T; Ohmura, A; Edgar, CW; Olofsson, J; Chambers, SDOehri, Jacqueline; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Kim, Jin-Soo; Grysko, Raleigh; Kropp, Heather; Gruenberg, Inge; Zemlianskii, Vitalii; Sonnentag, Oliver; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Chacko, Merin Reji; Muscari, Giovanni; Blanken, Peter D.; Dean, Joshua F.; di Sarra, Alcide; Harding, Richard J.; Sobota, Ireneusz; Kutzbach, Lars; Plekhanova, Elena; Riihela, Aku; Boike, Julia; Miller, Nathaniel B.; Beringer, Jason; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Stoy, Paul C.; Sullivan, Ryan C.; Kejna, Marek; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Gamon, John A.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Wille, Christian; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin; Karger, Dirk N.; Quinton, William L.; Putkonen, Jaakko; van As, Dirk; Christensen, Torben R.; Hakuba, Maria Z.; Stone, Robert S.; Metzger, Stefan; Vandecrux, Baptiste; Frost, Gerald, V; Wild, Martin; Hansen, Birger; Meloni, Daniela; Domine, Florent; te Beest, Mariska; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram; Rocha, Adrian, V; Williamson, Scott N.; Morris, Sara; Atchley, Adam L.; Essery, Richard; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Holl, David; Riihimaki, Laura D.; Iwata, Hiroki; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Cox, Christopher J.; Grachev, Andrey A.; McFadden, Joseph P.; Fausto, Robert S.; Goeckede, Mathias; Ueyama, Masahito; Pirk, Norbert; de Boer, Gijs; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Lepparanta, Matti; Steffen, Konrad; Friborg, Thomas; Ohmura, Atsumu; Edgar, Colin W.; Olofsson, Johan; Chambers, Scott D.EnglishDespite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994-2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm(-2)) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types. An international team of researchers finds high potential for improving climate projections by a more comprehensive treatment of largely ignored Arctic vegetation types, underscoring the importance of Arctic energy exchange measuring stations.[Oehri, Jacqueline; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Kim, Jin-Soo; Grysko, Raleigh; Zemlianskii, Vitalii; Chacko, Merin Reji; Plekhanova, Elena] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Oehri, Jacqueline] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada; [Kim, Jin-Soo] City Univ Hong Kong, Low Carbon & Climate Impact Res Ctr, Sch Energy & Environm, Kowloon Tong, Tat Chee Ave, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Kropp, Heather] Hamilton Coll, Environm Studies Program, 198 Coll Hill Rd, Clinton, NY 13323 USA; [Gruenberg, Inge; Boike, Julia] Alfred Wegener Inst, Permafrost Res Sect, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia; Edgar, Colin W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, 2140 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Chacko, Merin Reji] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CHN, Inst Terr Ecosyst, Univ Str 16, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland; [Chacko, Merin Reji] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Land Change Sci Unit, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, ZH, Switzerland; [Muscari, Giovanni] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, Rome, Italy; [Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Dean, Joshua F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Univ Rd, Bristol, Avon, England; [di Sarra, Alcide] ENEA, Dept Sustainabil, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Italy; [Harding, Richard J.] UK Ctr Ecol & Hydrol UKCEH, MacLean Bldg,Benson Ln, Wallingford, Oxon, England; [Sobota, Ireneusz] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Earth Sci & Spatial Management, Dept Hydrol & Water Management, PL-87100 Torun, Poland; [Kutzbach, Lars; Holl, David] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Riihela, Aku] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmeninaukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Linden 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; [Miller, Nathaniel B.; Stoy, Paul C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA; [Beringer, Jason] Univ Western Australia, Sch Agr & Environm, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Environm & Minerals, Kivioq 2, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin; Christensen, Torben R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecosci, Nordre Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Sullivan, Ryan C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL USA; [Kejna, Marek] Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Earth Sci & Spatial Management, Dept Meteorol & Climatol, PL-87100 Torun, Poland; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Biogeochem Anthropocene, Dept Geosci, Sem Saelands Vei 1, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; [Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin] Lund Univ, Geoctr 2, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Gamon, John A.] Univ Nebraska, 1400 R St, Lincoln, NE USA; [Mastepanov, Mikhail; Christensen, Torben R.] Univ Oulu, Oulanka Res Stn, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, Oulu 90570, Finland; [Wille, Christian; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Wissenschaftspk Albert Einstein, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Karger, Dirk N.; Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, ZH, Switzerland; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Putkonen, Jaakko] Univ North Dakota, Harold Hamm Sch Geol & Geol Engn, Grand Forks, ND USA; [van As, Dirk; Vandecrux, Baptiste; Fausto, Robert S.] Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Dept Glaciol & Climate, Oster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Hakuba, Maria Z.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Stone, Robert S.; Riihimaki, Laura D.] NOAA Global Monitoring Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA; [Metzger, Stefan] Natl Ecol Observ Network, 1685 38th St 100, Boulder, CO USA; [Metzger, Stefan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI USA; [Frost, Gerald, V] Alaska Biol Res Inc, 2842Goldstream Rd, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Wild, Martin; Ohmura, Atsumu] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CHN, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland; [Hansen, Birger; Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; [Meloni, Daniela] ENEA, Dept Sustainabil, Lungotevere Grande Ammiraglio Thaon di Revel 76, Rome, Italy; [Domine, Florent] Univ Laval, Dept Chem, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,1045 Av Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Domine, Florent] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, CNRS INSU, Takuvik Lab, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,1045 Av Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [te Beest, Mariska] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Vening Meinesz Bldg,Princetonlaan 8a, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands; [te Beest, Mariska] Nelson Mandela Univ, Ctr African Conservat Ecol, Univ Way, ZA-6019 Port Elizabeth, South Africa; [Rocha, Adrian, V] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 100 Galvin Life Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Williamson, Scott N.] Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Res Stn, 1 Rue Uvajuq Pl,CP 2150, Cambridge, NU, Canada; [Morris, Sara; Cox, Christopher J.; de Boer, Gijs] NOAA Phys Sci Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA; [Atchley, Adam L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd,SM 30, Los Alamos, NM USA; [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1164 Maple St, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Riihimaki, Laura D.; de Boer, Gijs] Univ Colorado, CIRES Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB,Boulder Campus, Boulder, CO USA; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 3 Chome 1-1 Asahi, Nagano, Nagano 3908621, Japan; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Grachev, Andrey A.] DEVCOM Army Res Lab, Owen Rd, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA; [McFadden, Joseph P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, 5816Ellison Hall, Isla Vista, CA USA; [McFadden, Joseph P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, 5816Ellison Hall, Isla Vista, CA USA; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, Hans Knoll Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Metropolitan Univ, 1 Chome 2-2-600, Osaka, Japan; [Pirk, Norbert] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Sem Saelands Vei 1, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; [de Boer, Gijs] Univ Colorado, IRISS Integrated Remote & In Situ Sensing, Boulder, CO USA; [Lepparanta, Matti] Univ Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, Helsinki 00100, Finland; [Olofsson, Johan] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Linnaeus Vag 4-6, S-90736 Umea, Sweden; [Chambers, Scott D.] ANSTO Lucas Hts, New Illawarra Rd, Sydney, NSW 2234, AustraliaUniversity of Zurich; McGill University; City University of Hong Kong; Hamilton College; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Universite de Montreal; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Bristol; Italian National Agency New Technical Energy & Sustainable Economics Development; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH); Nicolaus Copernicus University; University of Hamburg; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Western Australia; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Aarhus University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; Nicolaus Copernicus University; University of Oslo; Lund University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Oulu; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of North Dakota Grand Forks; Geological Survey Of Denmark & Greenland; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Copenhagen; Italian National Agency New Technical Energy & Sustainable Economics Development; Laval University; Laval University; Utrecht University; Nelson Mandela University; University of Notre Dame; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of Edinburgh; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Shinshu University; Northern Arizona University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Max Planck Society; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Oslo; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Helsinki; Umea UniversityOehri, J; Schaepman-Strub, G (corresponding author), Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.;Oehri, J (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada.jacqueline.oehri@gmail.com; gabriela.schaepman@ieu.uzh.chRiihimaki, Laura/AAG-7564-2019; Oehri, Jacqueline/AAV-2366-2020; Vandecrux, Baptiste/ABD-6079-2020; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/D-8785-2011; Kim, Jin-Soo/D-4528-2016; Hansen, Birger/E-5192-2015; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015; Mastepanov, Mikhail/G-1235-2016; Beringer, Jason/B-8528-2008Riihimaki, Laura/0000-0002-1794-3860; Oehri, Jacqueline/0000-0002-2981-9402; Vandecrux, Baptiste/0000-0002-4169-8973; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/0000-0002-4069-1884; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Kim, Jin-Soo/0000-0003-0631-2294; Hansen, Birger/0000-0002-5440-6925; Grunberg, Inge/0000-0002-5748-8102; Kalhori, Aram/0000-0002-0652-8987; Reji Chacko, Merin/0000-0002-6069-4281; Lopez-Blanco, Efren/0000-0002-3796-8408; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Mastepanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-5543-0302; Beringer, Jason/0000-0002-4619-8361Swiss National Science Foundation SNF [178753]; University of Zurich Research Priority Program Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB); EU-CHARTER project (European Commission RIA) [869471]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; National Science Foundation [1503912]; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation through the NEON Program; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards [1043681, 1559691, 1542736]Swiss National Science Foundation SNF(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); University of Zurich Research Priority Program Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB); EU-CHARTER project (European Commission RIA); U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation through the NEON Program; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awardsWe acknowledge the funding and the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation SNF Grant Nr. 178753 (http://p3.snf.ch/Project178753) to G.S.S., the University of Zurich Research Priority Program Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB, https://www.gcb.uzh.ch/en.html) and the EU-CHARTER project (European Commission RIA #869471, http://www.charter-arctic.org/).We thank Colin R. Lloyd, Bruce C. Forbes and John C. Moore for their support and stimulating discussions. Funding for the AmeriFlux data portal was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Data from the Programme forMonitoring of theGreenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and the Greenland Analogue Project (GAP) were provided by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) at http://www.promice.dk.AON datasets were provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology, UAF, based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #1503912. The National Ecological Observatory Network is a program sponsored by the National Science Foundation and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the NEON Program. ArcticDEM data is provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. The ISCCP H-series cloud data is provided by NOAA/NCEI. MODIS data is provided by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC).7711<180 Day Usage Count>2121NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.OCT 312022131
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34049-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34049-312Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics5W5GV36316310Green Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008779431000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarDehchoScotty Creek Research Station, boreal peatlandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01428-z
Warming response of peatland CO2 sink is sensitive to seasonality in warming trends
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BOREAL PEATLAND; EXCHANGE; NORTHERN; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; FEN; PHOTOSYNTHESISHelbig, M; Zivkovic, T; Alekseychik, P; Aurela, M; El-Madany, TS; Euskirchen, ES; Flanagan, LB; Griffis, TJ; Hanson, PJ; Hattakka, J; Helfter, C; Hirano, T; Humphreys, ER; Kiely, G; Kolka, RK; Laurila, T; Leahy, PG; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Nilsson, MB; Panov, A; Parmentier, FJW; Peichl, M; Rinne, J; Roman, DT; Sonnentag, O; Tuittila, ES; Ueyama, M; Vesala, T; Vestin, P; Weldon, S; Weslien, P; Zaehle, SHelbig, M.; Zivkovic, T.; Alekseychik, P.; Aurela, M.; El-Madany, T. S.; Euskirchen, E. S.; Flanagan, L. B.; Griffis, T. J.; Hanson, P. J.; Hattakka, J.; Helfter, C.; Hirano, T.; Humphreys, E. R.; Kiely, G.; Kolka, R. K.; Laurila, T.; Leahy, P. G.; Lohila, A.; Mammarella, I.; Nilsson, M. B.; Panov, A.; Parmentier, F. J. W.; Peichl, M.; Rinne, J.; Roman, D. T.; Sonnentag, O.; Tuittila, E. -s; Ueyama, M.; Vesala, T.; Vestin, P.; Weldon, S.; Weslien, P.; Zaehle, S.EnglishPeatlands have acted as net CO2 sinks over millennia, exerting a global climate cooling effect. Rapid warming at northern latitudes, where peatlands are abundant, can disturb their CO2 sink function. Here we show that sensitivity of peatland net CO2 exchange to warming changes in sign and magnitude across seasons, resulting in complex net CO2 sink responses. We use multiannual net CO2 exchange observations from 20 northern peatlands to show that warmer early summers are linked to increased net CO2 uptake, while warmer late summers lead to decreased net CO2 uptake. Thus, net CO2 sinks of peatlands in regions experiencing early summer warming, such as central Siberia, are more likely to persist under warmer climate conditions than are those in other regions. Our results will be useful to improve the design of future warming experiments and to better interpret large-scale trends in peatland net CO2 uptake over the coming few decades. Peatlands have historically acted as a carbon sink, but it is unclear how climate warming will affect this. The response of peatland carbon uptake to warming depends on the timing of summer warming; early warming leads to increased CO2 uptake and later warming to decreased uptake.[Helbig, M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Zivkovic, T.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Alekseychik, P.] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Bioecon & Environm, Helsinki, Finland; [Aurela, M.; Hattakka, J.; Laurila, T.; Lohila, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [El-Madany, T. S.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Integrat, Jena, Germany; [Euskirchen, E. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Flanagan, L. B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Griffis, T. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Hanson, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Helfter, C.] UK Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Hirano, T.] Hokkaido Univ, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Humphreys, E. R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kiely, G.; Leahy, P. G.] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Engn, Cork, Ireland; [Kiely, G.; Leahy, P. G.] Univ Coll Cork, Architecture & Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland; [Kolka, R. K.; Roman, D. T.] USDA, Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA; [Lohila, A.; Mammarella, I.; Vesala, T.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res, Helsinki, Finland; [Nilsson, M. B.; Peichl, M.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Panov, A.] RAS, KSC SB, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Parmentier, F. J. W.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Biogeochem Anthropocene, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway; [Parmentier, F. J. W.; Rinne, J.; Vestin, P.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Rinne, J.] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Prod Syst Unit, Helsinki, Finland; [Sonnentag, O.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Tuittila, E. -s] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Ueyama, M.] Osaka Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Osaka, Japan; [Weldon, S.] Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res, Div Environm & Nat Resources, As, Norway; [Weslien, P.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, SwedenDalhousie University; Dalhousie University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Finnish Meteorological Institute; Max Planck Society; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Lethbridge; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH); Hokkaido University; Carleton University; University College Cork; University College Cork; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Helsinki; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Oslo; Lund University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Universite de Montreal; University of Eastern Finland; Osaka Metropolitan University; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research; University of GothenburgHelbig, M (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.manuel.helbig@dal.caZaehle, Sönke/C-9528-2017; Rinne, Janne/A-6302-2008; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013; Panov, Alexey/AAU-4751-2020; Hirano, Takashi/A-4557-2012; Hanson, Paul James/D-8069-2011; Helfter, Carole/A-1835-2010; Vestin, Patrik/E-3951-2016; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016Zaehle, Sönke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Rinne, Janne/0000-0003-1168-7138; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; Hanson, Paul James/0000-0001-7293-3561; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917; Helfter, Carole/0000-0001-5773-4652; Roman, Daniel/0000-0002-1670-7348; Vestin, Patrik/0000-0002-4731-8863; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants programme; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [20-45-242908]; Russian Science Foundation [21-17-00163]; Canada Research Chairs; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II grant [JPMXD1420318865]; KAKENHI [19H05668]; Irish Government's ERTDI Programme [2001-CC/CD-(5/7)]; Irish Environmental Protection Agency CELTICFLUX project [2001-CC-C2-M1]; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; Research Council of Norway [274711, NFR208424]; Stiftelsen Fondet for Jordog Myrunders-Okelser; Swedish Research Council [2017-05268]; Academy of Finland Flagship Programme [337655]; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS [2018-01820]; Academy of Finland [330840, 337550]; Ministry of Transport and Communication; Ministry of Education and Culture; Academy of Finland through ICOS Finland; US Geological Survey; Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program - National Science Foundation [NSF DEB-1026415, DEB-1636476]; NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program [NSF LTREB 2011276]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/R016429/1]; Swedish Research Council of the national research infrastructures ICOS Sweden; Swedish government-funded Strategic Research Area Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate, BECC; Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Sciences, e.V., through the long-term project ZOTTO [EBIO 8015]; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Service); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; BioforskNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants programme; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II grant; KAKENHI(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Irish Government's ERTDI Programme; Irish Environmental Protection Agency CELTICFLUX project; NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research(Bioforsk); Smithsonian Environmental Research Center(Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Environmental Research Center); Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); Stiftelsen Fondet for Jordog Myrunders-Okelser; Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Academy of Finland Flagship Programme; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Ministry of Transport and Communication; Ministry of Education and Culture; Academy of Finland through ICOS Finland; US Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program - National Science Foundation; NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program; Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Swedish Research Council of the national research infrastructures ICOS Sweden; Swedish government-funded Strategic Research Area Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate, BECC; Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Sciences, e.V., through the long-term project ZOTTO; SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Service); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Bioforsk(Bioforsk)M.H., L.B.F. and O.S. acknowledge support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grants programme. P.J.H.'s contributions were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A.P. was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project no. 20-45-242908, and the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 21-17-00163. O.S. acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs and the Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund. M.U. was funded by Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II grant JPMXD1420318865 and KAKENHI (grant no. 19H05668). P.G.L.'s and G.K.'s contributions were supported by the Irish Government's ERTDI Programme, grant no. 2001-CC/CD-(5/7) and the Irish Environmental Protection Agency CELTICFLUX project, grant no. 2001-CC-C2-M1. S.W. and F.J.W.P. were funded by Bioforsk, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research and the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, with funding from the Research Council of Norway (project NFR208424, GHG-NOR) and the Stiftelsen Fondet for Jord-og MyrundersOkelser. F.J.W.P. received additional support from the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 274711) and the Swedish Research Council (grant no. 2017-05268). P.A. acknowledges the Academy of Finland Flagship Programme for financial support of 'Forest-Human-Machine Interplay-Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling Meaningful Experiences (UNITE)' flagship (decision no. 337655) and the funding from the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS (grant no. 2018-01820). E.-S.T. acknowledges Academy of Finland funding (grant codes 330840 and 337550). We acknowledge support from the Ministry of Transport and Communication, the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Academy of Finland through ICOS Finland. Funding for E.S.E. was provided by the US Geological Survey, Research Work Order 224 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB-1026415, DEB-1636476) and the NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program (NSF LTREB 2011276). C.H. acknowledges support from the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. M.B.N., M.P., P.V., P.W. and J.R. acknowledge the support by the Swedish Research Council of the national research infrastructures ICOS Sweden and SITES (Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Service). P.V. received additional support from the Swedish government-funded Strategic Research Area Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate, BECC. S.Z. and T.S.E.-M. acknowledge support by the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Sciences, e.V., through the long-term project ZOTTO (EBIO 8015). We are grateful to the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean-Marie River First Nation for supporting observations at the Scotty Creek Research Station, which were part of the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE).6755<180 Day Usage Count>5468NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.AUG2022128743+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01428-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01428-z2022-07-01 00:00:0014Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences3O2IDGreen Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008345767000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllArctic Ocean, atmosphere, and land massNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155477
What are the likely changes in mercury concentration in the Arctic atmosphere and ocean under future emissions scenarios?
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAMAP; Hg; Deposition; Climate change; Policy; Box modelSOURCE-RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIPS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEPOSITION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; PROJECTIONS; INCREASES; POLLUTION; SURFACE; FATESchartup, AT; Soerensen, AL; Angot, H; Bowman, K; Selin, NESchartup, Amina T.; Soerensen, Anne L.; Angot, Helene; Bowman, Katlin; Selin, Noelle E.EnglishArctic mercury (Hg) concentrations respond to changes in anthropogenic Hg emissions and environmental change. This manuscript, prepared for the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme Mercury Assessment, explores the response of Arctic Ocean Hg concentrations to changing primary Hg emissions and to changing sea-ice cover, river inputs, and net primary production. To do this, we conduct a model analysis using a 2015 Hg inventory and future anthropogenic Hg emission scenarios. We model future atmospheric Hg deposition to the surface ocean as a flux to the surface water or sea ice using three scenarios: No Action, New Policy (NP), and Maximum Feasible Reduction (MFR). We then force a five-compartment box model of Hg cycling in the Arctic Ocean with these scenarios and literature-derived climate variables to simulate environmental change. No Action results in a 51% higher Hg deposition rate by 2050 while increasing Hg concentrations in the surface water by 22% and <9% at depth. Both action scenarios (NP and MFR), implemented in 2020 or 2035, result in lower Hg deposition ranging from 7% (NP delayed to 2035) to 30% (MFR implemented in 2020) by 2050. Under this last scenario, ocean Hg concentrations decline by 14% in the surface and 4% at depth. We find that the sea-ice cover decline exerts the strongest Hg reducing forcing on the Arctic Ocean while increasing river discharge increases Hg concentrations. When modified together the climate scenarios result in a <= 5% Hg decline by 2050 in the Arctic Ocean. Thus, we show that the magnitude of emissions induced future changes in the Arctic Ocean is likely to be substantial compared to climate-induced effects. Furthermore, this study underscores the need for prompt and ambitious action for changing Hg concentrations in the Arctic, since delaying less ambitious reduction measures-like NP-until 2035 may become offset by Hg accumulated from pre 2035 emissions.[Schartup, Amina T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Soerensen, Anne L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, Stockholm, Sweden; [Angot, Helene] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Valais Wallis, Extreme Environm Res Lab, Sion, Switzerland; [Bowman, Katlin] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Inst Data Syst & Soc, 77 Massachusetts Ave E17-381, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; [Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave E17-381, Cambridge, MA 02139 USAUniversity of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)Schartup, AT (corresponding author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.achartup@ucsd.eduSchartup, Amina/0000-0002-9289-8107; Adamczyk, Katlin/0000-0003-3324-0062US National Science Foundation [2023046, 1924148]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_188478]US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF))Acknowledgements This work was supported by US National Science Foundation grants 2023046 to ATS and 1924148 to NES. HA received financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 200021_188478) to final-ize the manuscript.7111<180 Day Usage Count>47ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.AUG 252022836
155477
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155477http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1554772022-05-01 00:00:0011Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology3G2EX354723472023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008311698000090 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllClimate research stations (meteorological stations) maintained by Environment and Climate Change CanadaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015821118
Widespread decline in winds delayed autumn foliar senescence over high latitudes
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAclimate change; foliar senescence; high latitudesCLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LEAF SENESCENCE; GROWING-SEASON; PLANT-GROWTH; PHENOLOGY; FORESTS; PRODUCTIVITY; FEEDBACKS; RESPONSESWu, CY; Wang, J; Ciais, P; Penuelas, J; Zhang, XY; Sonnentag, O; Tian, F; Wang, XY; Wang, HJ; Liu, RG; Fu, YSH; Ge, QSWu, Chaoyang; Wang, Jian; Ciais, Philippe; Penuelas, Josep; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Sonnentag, Oliver; Tian, Feng; Wang, Xiaoyue; Wang, Huanjiong; Liu, Ronggao; Fu, Yongshuo H.; Ge, QuanshengEnglishThe high northern latitudes (>50 degrees) experienced a pronounced surface stilling (i.e., decline in winds) with climate change. As a drying factor, the influences of changes in winds on the date of autumn foliar senescence (DFS) remain largely unknown and are potentially important as a mechanism explaining the interannual variability of autumn phenology. Using 183,448 phenological observations at 2,405 sites, long-term site-scale water vapor and carbon dioxide flux measurements, and 34 y of satellite greenness data, here we show that the decline in winds is significantly associated with extended DFS and could have a relative importance comparable with temperature and precipitation effects in contributing to the DFS trends. We further demonstrate that decline in winds reduces evapotranspiration, which results in less soil water losses and consequently more favorable growth conditions in late autumn. In addition, declining winds also lead to less leaf abscission damage which could delay leaf senescence and to a decreased cooling effect and therefore less frost damage. Our results are potentially useful for carbon flux modeling because an improved algorithm based on these findings projected overall widespread earlier DFS than currently expected by the end of this century, contributing potentially to a positive feedback to climate.[Wu, Chaoyang; Wang, Xiaoyue; Wang, Huanjiong; Liu, Ronggao; Ge, Quansheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Wu, Chaoyang; Wang, Xiaoyue; Wang, Huanjiong; Liu, Ronggao; Ge, Quansheng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; [Wang, Jian] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Ciais, Philippe] IPSL LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; [Penuelas, Josep] CSIC, Global Ecol Unit CREAF CSIC UAB, Barcelona 08193, Spain; [Penuelas, Josep] CREAF, Cerdanyola Valles, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; [Zhang, Xiaoyang] South Dakota State Univ, Dept Geog, Geospatial Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Tian, Feng] Wuhan Univ, Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China; [Fu, Yongshuo H.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); University of Barcelona; South Dakota State University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; Wuhan University; Beijing Normal UniversityWu, CY; Ge, QS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.;Wu, CY; Ge, QS (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;Wang, J (corresponding author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.wucy@igsnrr.ac.cn; wang.12679@osu.edu; geqs@igsnrr.ac.cnFu, Yongshuo/AAF-9446-2021; Tian, Feng/C-8946-2015; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9686-2769; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Zhang, Xiaoyang/0000-0001-8456-0547; Ge, Quansheng/0000-0001-8712-8565; Wang, Jian/0000-0003-0813-5965; Fu, Yongshuo/0000-0002-9761-5292; Wang, Huanjiong/0000-0002-2325-0120Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA19040103]; National Key R&D program of China [2018YFA0606101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41871255, 42001299, 41761134082]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS [QYZDB-SSW-DQC011]; CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team [JCTD-2020-05]; National Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars [42025101]; European Research Council [ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE]; German Research Foundation [41761134082]Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); National Key R&D program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS; CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team; National Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars; European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); German Research Foundation(German Research Foundation (DFG))This work was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19040103), the National Key R&D program of China (2018YFA0606101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41871255), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDB-SSW-DQC011). C.W. was also funded by the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team (JCTD-2020-05). Y.H.F. was funded by the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 42025101). J.P. and P.C. were funded by European Research Council Synergy Grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P. F.T was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001299). R.L. was funded by the International Cooperation and Exchange Programs between National Natural Science Foundation of China and German Research Foundation (41761134082). We also appreciate flux site Principal Investigators in providing their valuable data for our analyses.582828<180 Day Usage Count>29123NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-8424P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.APR 20202111816
e2015821118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015821118http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.201582111810Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRQ5ML33846246Green Published, hybrid2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0006424628000210 NIncludedScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveTrail Valley Creek, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16487
Pan-Arctic soil moisture control on tundra carbon sequestration and plant productivity
Article; Early AccessGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYcarbon loss; climate change; drying; permafrost; tundraLENA RIVER DELTA; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; REDUCES CO2 UPTAKE; GROWING-SEASON; CLIMATE; CH4; TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROST; DIOXIDE; FLUXESZona, D; Lafleur, PM; Hufkens, K; Gioli, B; Bailey, B; Burba, G; Euskirchen, ES; Watts, JD; Arndt, KA; Farina, M; Kimball, JS; Heimann, M; Gockede, M; Pallandt, M; Christensen, TR; Mastepanov, M; Lopez-Blanco, E; Dolman, AJ; Commane, R; Miller, CE; Hashemi, J; Kutzbach, L; Holl, D; Boike, J; Wille, C; Sachs, T; Kalhori, A; Humphreys, ER; Sonnentag, O; Meyer, G; Gosselin, GH; Marsh, P; Oechel, WCZona, Donatella; Lafleur, Peter M.; Hufkens, Koen; Gioli, Beniamino; Bailey, Barbara; Burba, George; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Arndt, Kyle A.; Farina, Mary; Kimball, John S.; Heimann, Martin; Gockede, Mathias; Pallandt, Martijn; Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Lopez-Blanco, Efren; Dolman, Albertus J.; Commane, Roisin; Miller, Charles E.; Hashemi, Josh; Kutzbach, Lars; Holl, David; Boike, Julia; Wille, Christian; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Meyer, Gesa; Gosselin, Gabriel H.; Marsh, Philip; Oechel, Walter C.EnglishLong-term atmospheric CO2 concentration records have suggested a reduction in the positive effect of warming on high-latitude carbon uptake since the 1990s. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the reduced net carbon sink of northern ecosystems with increased air temperature, including water stress on vegetation and increased respiration over recent decades. However, the lack of consistent long-term carbon flux and in situ soil moisture data has severely limited our ability to identify the mechanisms responsible for the recent reduced carbon sink strength. In this study, we used a record of nearly 100 site-years of eddy covariance data from 11 continuous permafrost tundra sites distributed across the circumpolar Arctic to test the temperature (expressed as growing degree days, GDD) responses of gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem respiration (ER) at different periods of the summer (early, peak, and late summer) including dominant tundra vegetation classes (graminoids and mosses, and shrubs). We further tested GPP, NEE, and ER relationships with soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit to identify potential moisture limitations on plant productivity and net carbon exchange. Our results show a decrease in GPP with rising GDD during the peak summer (July) for both vegetation classes, and a significant relationship between the peak summer GPP and soil moisture after statistically controlling for GDD in a partial correlation analysis. These results suggest that tundra ecosystems might not benefit from increased temperature as much as suggested by several terrestrial biosphere models, if decreased soil moisture limits the peak summer plant productivity, reducing the ability of these ecosystems to sequester carbon during the summer.[Zona, Donatella; Hashemi, Josh; Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Sch Biosci, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Hufkens, Koen] BlueGreen Labs, Melsele, Belgium; [Gioli, Beniamino] Natl Res Council CNR, Inst BioEcon IBE, Florence, Italy; [Bailey, Barbara] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Burba, George] LI COR Biosci, Lincoln, NE USA; [Burba, George] Univ Nebraska, Robert B Daugherty Water Food Global Inst, Lincoln, NE USA; [Burba, George] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Watts, Jennifer D.; Arndt, Kyle A.; Farina, Mary] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Watts, Jennifer D.; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Heimann, Martin; Gockede, Mathias; Pallandt, Martijn] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Heimann, Martin] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res INAR Phys, Helsinki, Finland; [Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Dept Ecosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Christensen, Torben R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail] Oulu Univ, Oulanka Res Stn, Kuusamo, Finland; [Lopez-Blanco, Efren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Environm & Minerals, Nuuk, Greenland; [Dolman, Albertus J.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Royal NIOZ, Texel, Netherlands; [Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Hashemi, Josh] Univ Freiburg, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Environm Meteorol, Freiburg, Germany; [Kutzbach, Lars; Holl, David] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Berlin, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Wille, Christian; Sachs, Torsten; Kalhori, Aram] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver; Meyer, Gesa; Gosselin, Gabriel H.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, CanadaCalifornia State University System; San Diego State University; University of Sheffield; Trent University; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto per la BioEconomia (IBE-CNR); California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Max Planck Society; University of Helsinki; Aarhus University; University of Oulu; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); Columbia University; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Freiburg; University of Hamburg; Humboldt University of Berlin; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Carleton University; Universite de Montreal; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityZona, D (corresponding author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.dzona@sdsu.eduGoeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Mastepanov, Mikhail/G-1235-2016; Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; Holl, David/D-9624-2018Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Lopez-Blanco, Efren/0000-0002-3796-8408; Kalhori, Aram/0000-0002-0652-8987; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Mastepanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-5543-0302; Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Lafleur, Peter/0000-0003-0347-9128; Holl, David/0000-0002-9269-7030Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) [1702797, 1932900]; NSF Office of Polar Programs; Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE); National Aeronautics and Space Administration; ABoVE [NNX15AT74A, NNX16AF94A]; European Union [727890]; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant [NE/P002552/1]; NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) [NA16SEC4810008]Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NSF Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); ABoVE; European Union(European Commission); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST)This work was funded by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded to DZ, WCO (award number 1702797 and 1932900) with additional logistical support funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs, and by the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), an Earth Ventures (EV-1) investigation, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and by the ABoVE (NNX15AT74A; NNX16AF94A) Program. The Alaskan sites are located on land owned by the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation (UIC). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 727890, from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) UAMS Grant (NE/P002552/1), and from the NOAA Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies (NOAA-CESSRST) under the Cooperative Agreement Grant # NA16SEC4810008. The complete list of funding bodies that supported this study is included in Data S1.7711<180 Day Usage Count>1111WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16487http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.164872022-11-01 00:00:0015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology6A3PV36353841Green Accepted, Green Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008805706000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaDehcho, South SlaveBoreal forests, Rutledge LakeAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF22090
Converging and diverging burn rates in North American boreal forests from the Little Ice Age to the present
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIREboreal forests; breakpoints; burn rates; Cox models; fire-history study sites; meta-analysis; survival analysis; tree cohort recordsFIRE FREQUENCY; TREE-RING; CENTRAL QUEBEC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFTS; WILDFIRE; CANADA; AREA; VEGETATION; MIXEDWOODChavardes, RD; Danneyrolles, V; Portier, J; Girardin, MP; Gaboriau, DM; Gauthier, S; Drobyshev, I; Cyr, D; Wallenius, T; Bergeron, YChavardes, Raphael D.; Danneyrolles, Victor; Portier, Jeanne; Girardin, Martin P.; Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Gauthier, Sylvie; Drobyshev, Igor; Cyr, Dominic; Wallenius, Tuomo; Bergeron, YvesEnglishWarning. This article contains terms, descriptions, and opinions used for historical context that may be culturally sensitive for some readers. Background. Understanding drivers of boreal forest dynamics supports adaptation strategies in the context of climate change. Aims. We aimed to understand how burn rates varied since the early 1700s in North American boreal forests. Methods. We used 16 fire-history study sites distributed across such forests and investigated variation in burn rates for the historical period spanning 1700-1990. These were benchmarked against recent burn rates estimated for the modern period spanning 1980-2020 using various data sources. Key results. Burn rates during the historical period for most sites showed a declining trend, particularly during the early to mid 1900s. Compared to the historical period, the modern period showed less variable and lower burn rates across sites. Mean burn rates during the modern period presented divergent trends among eastern versus northwestern sites, with increasing trends in mean burn rates in most northwestern North American sites. Conclusions. The synchronicity of trends suggests that large spatial patterns of atmospheric conditions drove burn rates in addition to regional changes in land use like fire exclusion and suppression. Implications. Low burn rates in eastern Canadian boreal forests may continue unless climate change overrides the capacity to suppress fire.[Chavardes, Raphael D.; Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Inst Rech Sur Forets, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada; [Chavardes, Raphael D.; Girardin, Martin P.; Gauthier, Sylvie] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380, Stn St Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada; [Chavardes, Raphael D.] Nat Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, 1350 Regent St,POB 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada; [Danneyrolles, Victor] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Portier, Jeanne] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Forest Resources & Management, 111 Zurcherstr, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Drobyshev, Igor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Box 49, S-23053 Alnarp, Sweden; [Cyr, Dominic] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 351 St Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, PQ J8Y 3Z5, Canada; [Wallenius, Tuomo] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud Foret, Case Postale 8888,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of Sherbrooke; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Helsinki; University of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealDanneyrolles, V (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, 2500 Blvd Univ, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.victor.danneyrolles@sherbrooke.caDrobyshev, Igor/D-9220-2016Drobyshev, Igor/0000-0002-5980-4316; Danneyrolles, Victor/0000-0002-4839-8164Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologie; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaFonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologie; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Funding for this research was provided by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologie (R.D. Chavardes), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (M.P. Girardin).8511<180 Day Usage Count>22CSIRO PUBLISHINGCLAYTONUNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA1049-80011448-5516INT J WILDLAND FIREInt. J. Wildland Fire2022311211841193
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF22090http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF220902022-11-01 00:00:0010ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Forestry7I5TJGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008909237000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12860
Abundance and species diversity hotspots of tracked marine predators across the North American Arctic
ArticleDIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONSanimal movement; biologging; climate change; conservation; fishes; marine mammals; protected areas; seabirdsCHANGING SEA-ICE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; HABITAT SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RINGED SEALS; BEAUFORT SEA; POLAR BEARS; BIRDS; MOVEMENTS; MAMMALSYurkowski, DJ; Auger-Methe, M; Mallory, ML; Wong, SNP; Gilchrist, G; Derocher, AE; Richardson, E; Lunn, NJ; Hussey, NE; Marcoux, M; Togunov, RR; Fisk, AT; Harwood, LA; Dietz, R; Rosing-Asvid, A; Born, EW; Mosbech, A; Fort, J; Gremillet, D; Loseto, L; RichYurkowski, David J.; Auger-Methe, Marie; Mallory, Mark L.; Wong, Sarah N. P.; Gilchrist, Grant; Derocher, Andrew E.; Richardson, Evan; Lunn, Nicholas J.; Hussey, Nigel E.; Marcoux, Marianne; Togunov, Ron R.; Fisk, Aaron T.; Harwood, Lois A.; Dietz, Rune; Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu; Born, Erik W.; Mosbech, Anders; Fort, Jerome; Gremillet, David; Loseto, Lisa; Richard, Pierre R.; Iacozza, John; Jean-Gagnon, Frankie; Brown, Tanya M.; Westdal, Kristin H.; Orr, Jack; LeBlanc, Bernard; Hedges, Kevin J.; Treble, Margaret A.; Kessel, Steven T.; Blanchfield, Paul J.; Davis, Shanti; Maftei, Mark; Spencer, Nora; McFarlane-Tranquilla, Laura; Montevecchi, William A.; Bartzen, Blake; Dickson, Lynne; Anderson, Christine; Ferguson, Steven H.EnglishAim Climate change is altering marine ecosystems worldwide and is most pronounced in the Arctic. Economic development is increasing leading to more disturbances and pressures on Arctic wildlife. Identifying areas that support higher levels of predator abundance and biodiversity is important for the implementation of targeted conservation measures across the Arctic. Location Primarily Canadian Arctic marine waters but also parts of the United States, Greenland and Russia. Methods We compiled the largest data set of existing telemetry data for marine predators in the North American Arctic consisting of 1,283 individuals from 21 species. Data were arranged into four species groups: (a) cetaceans and pinnipeds, (b) polar bears Ursus maritimus (c) seabirds, and (d) fishes to address the following objectives: (a) to identify abundance hotspots for each species group in the summer-autumn and winter-spring; (b) to identify species diversity hotspots across all species groups and extent of overlap with exclusive economic zones; and (c) to perform a gap analysis that assesses amount of overlap between species diversity hotspots with existing protected areas. Results Abundance and species diversity hotpots during summer-autumn and winter-spring were identified in Baffin Bay, Davis Strait, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Amundsen Gulf, and the Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering seas both within and across species groups. Abundance and species diversity hotpots occurred within the continental slope in summer-autumn and offshore in areas of moving pack ice in winter-spring. Gap analysis revealed that the current level of conservation protection that overlaps species diversity hotspots is low covering only 5% (77,498 km(2)) in summer-autumn and 7% (83,202 km(2)) in winter-spring. Main conclusions We identified several areas of potential importance for Arctic marine predators that could provide policymakers with a starting point for conservation measures given the multitude of threats facing the Arctic. These results are relevant to multilevel and multinational governance to protect this vulnerable ecosystem in our rapidly changing world.[Yurkowski, David J.; Iacozza, John] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Auger-Methe, Marie; Togunov, Ron R.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Mallory, Mark L.; Wong, Sarah N. P.; Anderson, Christine] Acadia Univ, Wolfville, NS, Canada; [Gilchrist, Grant] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Richardson, Evan] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Lunn, Nicholas J.; Dickson, Lynne] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Hussey, Nigel E.; Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; [Marcoux, Marianne; Loseto, Lisa; Richard, Pierre R.; Orr, Jack; Hedges, Kevin J.; Treble, Margaret A.; Blanchfield, Paul J.; Ferguson, Steven H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Harwood, Lois A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Dietz, Rune; Mosbech, Anders] Aarhus Univ, Roskilde, Denmark; [Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu; Born, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland; [Fort, Jerome] Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, UMR7266, Littoral Environm & Soc LIENSs, La Rochelle, France; [Gremillet, David] CNRS, UMR 5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, Montpellier, France; [Jean-Gagnon, Frankie] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Brown, Tanya M.; McFarlane-Tranquilla, Laura; Montevecchi, William A.] Mem Univ, St John, NF, Canada; [Westdal, Kristin H.] Oceans North Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [LeBlanc, Bernard] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Kessel, Steven T.] John G Shedd Aquarium, Daniel P Haerther Ctr Conservat & Res, Chicago, IL USA; [Davis, Shanti; Maftei, Mark; Spencer, Nora] High Arctic Gull Res Grp, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Bartzen, Blake] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; University of British Columbia; Acadia University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Windsor; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Aarhus University; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); La Rochelle Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Institut Agro; Montpellier SupAgro; CIRAD; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Carleton University; Memorial University Newfoundland; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaYurkowski, DJ (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.dyurkowski1@gmail.comTogunov, Ron/X-6336-2019; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Loseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; Mosbech, Anders/Q-5984-2019; Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu/GRN-7660-2022; Harwood, Lois/U-9143-2019; Kessel, Steven/HMP-2841-2023; Fort, Jerome/F-1157-2016Togunov, Ron/0000-0001-9115-1207; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Dietz, Rune/0000-0001-9652-317X; Mosbech, Anders/0000-0002-7581-7037; Fort, Jerome/0000-0002-0860-6707; Auger-Methe, Marie/0000-0003-3550-4930; Yurkowski, David/0000-0003-2264-167X; BGovernment of Nunavut; Danish National Environmental Research Institute; French Polar Institute; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; European Commision Marie Curie; Isdell Family Foundation; Nunavut Wildlife Trust Fund; Aarhus Universitet; Schad Foundation; Oceans North Canada; Canada's Species at Risk Act; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Nunavut Implementation Fund; Pew Charitable Trusts; Quark Expeditions; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Takla Foundation; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ministry of Mineral Resources; ArcticNet; Parks Canada Agency; University of Alberta; Care for the Wild International; Earth Rangers Foundation; Wildlife Media Inc.; Danish Cooperation for the Environment in the Arctic; World Wildlife Fund; Ocean Tracking Network; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Canadian Institute of Ecology and EvolutionGovernment of Nunavut; Danish National Environmental Research Institute; French Polar Institute; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; European Commision Marie Curie; Isdell Family Foundation; Nunavut Wildlife Trust Fund; Aarhus Universitet; Schad Foundation; Oceans North Canada; Canada's Species at Risk Act; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Nunavut Implementation Fund; Pew Charitable Trusts; Quark Expeditions; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Takla Foundation; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ministry of Mineral Resources; ArcticNet; Parks Canada Agency; University of Alberta(University of Alberta); Care for the Wild International; Earth Rangers Foundation; Wildlife Media Inc.; Danish Cooperation for the Environment in the Arctic; World Wildlife Fund; Ocean Tracking Network; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Canadian Institute of Ecology and EvolutionGovernment of Nunavut; Danish National Environmental Research Institute; French Polar Institute; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; European Commision Marie Curie; Isdell Family Foundation; Nunavut Wildlife Trust Fund; Aarhus Universitet; Schad Foundation; Oceans North Canada; Canada's Species at Risk Act; Nunavut Wildlife Management Board; Nunavut Implementation Fund; Pew Charitable Trusts; Quark Expeditions; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Takla Foundation; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Ministry of Mineral Resources; ArcticNet; Parks Canada Agency; University of Alberta; Care for the Wild International; Earth Rangers Foundation; Wildlife Media Inc.; Danish Cooperation for the Environment in the Arctic; World Wildlife Fund; Ocean Tracking Network; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Canadian Institute of Ecology and Evolution1132731<180 Day Usage Count>586WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1366-95161472-4642DIVERS DISTRIBDivers. Distrib.MAR2019253328345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12860http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.1286018Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyHL1BVGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004584296000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth Slave, South Slave, SahtuSeveral lakes, including Great Bear and Great Slave LakesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0744-x
Arctic freshwater fish productivity and colonization increase with climate warming
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGETROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; BOMB RADIOCARBON; AGE VALIDATION; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; LIFE; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; FISHERIES; DYNAMICSCampana, SE; Casselman, JM; Jones, CM; Black, G; Barker, O; Evans, M; Guzzo, MM; Kilada, R; Muir, AM; Perry, RCampana, Steven E.; Casselman, John M.; Jones, Cynthia M.; Black, Gerald; Barker, Oliver; Evans, Marlene; Guzzo, Matthew M.; Kilada, Raouf; Muir, Andrew M.; Perry, RobertEnglishClimate warming at high latitudes has long been expected to exceed that predicted for tropical and temperate climes, but recent warming in the Arctic has exceeded even those expectations(1). The geophysical consequences of this warming are reasonably well established(2), but the impacts on freshwater fauna are poorly understood. Here we use a large-scale geospatial analysis of the population dynamics of one of the most abundant north temperate freshwater fish species to forecast increased demographic rates, productivity and colonization range in response to IPCC climate warming scenarios. Geospatial lake morphometry data were used to characterize 481,784 lakes in the Canadian Arctic capable of supporting lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations. Lake trout productivity in existing habitat is projected to increase by 20% by 2050 due to climate change, but an expanded habitable zone may result in a 29% increase in harvestable biomass. Although many ecosystems are likely to be negatively impacted by climate warming, the phenotypic plasticity of fish will allow a rapid relaxation of the current environmental constraints on growth in the far north, as well as enhanced colonization of bodies of water in which there are few potential competitors. Arctic lakes and their resident fish species are warming rapidly. Geospatial analysis of Canadian Arctic lakes predicts a 20% increase in lake trout productivity by 2050 and a 29% increase in harvestable biomass across an expanded range.[Campana, Steven E.] Univ Iceland, Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Casselman, John M.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA USA; [Black, Gerald] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Barker, Oliver] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Evans, Marlene] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Guzzo, Matthew M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Kilada, Raouf] Univ New Brunswick St John, Dept Biol Sci, St John, NB, Canada; [Muir, Andrew M.] Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI USA; [Perry, Robert] Yukon Dept Environm, Whitehorse, YT, CanadaUniversity of Iceland; Queens University - Canada; Old Dominion University; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of GuelphCampana, SE (corresponding author), Univ Iceland, Life & Environm Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland.scampana@hi.isEvans, Marlene/0000-0002-8869-1162; Campana, Steven/0000-0002-7453-3761; Muir, Andrew/0000-0003-2170-1263Fisheries and Oceans Canada; US National Science Foundation [OCE-9985884]; University of Iceland; Nunavut Wildlife Management BoardFisheries and Oceans Canada; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); University of Iceland; Nunavut Wildlife Management BoardThis work was supported by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, US National Science Foundation grant OCE-9985884 and the University of Iceland. We thank S. Armsworthy, P. Bentzen, J. Brazner, C. Campana, P. Campana, S. Campana, S. Casselman, M. Fowler, D. Houlihan, W. Joyce, P. Leblanc, A. MacDonnell and M. Showell for their exceptional assistance in the field and laboratory. B. Shuter and J. Morrongiello provided valuable comments on the MS.431414<180 Day Usage Count>219NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.MAY2020105428+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0744-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0744-x2020-04-01 00:00:0011Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesLK7LJ2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005276881000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveLakes in the Mackenzie Delta and near YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081584
Arctic-Boreal Lake Dynamics Revealed Using CubeSat Imagery
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSCubeSats; remote sensing; Arctic-Boreal lakes; arctic hydrology; machine learningMACKENZIE DELTA; CANADIAN SHIELD; YUKON FLATS; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; WATER; HYDROLOGY; EMISSIONS; LANDSAT; VARIABILITY; RESERVOIRSCooley, SW; Smith, LC; Ryan, JC; Pitcher, LH; Pavelsky, TMCooley, Sarah W.; Smith, Laurence C.; Ryan, Jonathan C.; Pitcher, Lincoln H.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.EnglishFine-scale, subseasonal fluctuations in Arctic-Boreal surface water reflect regional water balance and modulate trace gas emissions to the atmosphere but have eluded detection using traditional satellite remote sensing. We use high-resolution (similar to 3-5 m), high-frequency CubeSat sensors to measure near-daily changes in lake surface area through an object-based tracking method that incorporates machine learning to overcome notable limitations of CubeSat imagery. From similar to 76,000 images we obtain >2.2 million individual observations of changing surface areas for 85,358 lakes in Northern Canada and Alaska between 1 May and 1 October 2017. We find broad-scale lake area declines across diverse climatic, hydrologic, and physiographic terrains. Localized exceptions reveal lowland flooding and aquatic vegetation phenology cycles. Cumulative small shoreline changes of abundant lakes on the Canadian Shield exceed total inundation variations of better-studied lowland environments, revealing a surprisingly dynamic landscape with respect to subseasonal variations in surface water extent and trace gas emissions.[Cooley, Sarah W.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Cooley, Sarah W.; Ryan, Jonathan C.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Smith, Laurence C.; Pitcher, Lincoln H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA; [Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USABrown University; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel HillCooley, SW (corresponding author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.;Cooley, SW (corresponding author), Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA.sarah_cooley@brown.edu; Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012Cooley, Sarah/0000-0001-8953-6730; Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904; Pitcher, Lincoln/0000-0001-8624-9760NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX17AC60A]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; NASA [NNX17AC60A, 1003117] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Terrestrial Ecology Program Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This research was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant NNX17AC60A. S. Cooley is also funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. We thank Planet Labs Education and Research Program Director Joseph Mascaro and the Planet Labs Ambassador Program for providing access to all PlanetScope and RapidEye imagery. We thank David Butman (University of Washington), Simon Topp (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), and Mark Bertram and Heather Bartlett (Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge) for their assistance in collecting in situ lake level records in the Yukon Flats Basin. We thank the Gwichyaa Zhee Gwich'in Tribal Government and Doyon Limited along with the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for access to the lands and waterways of the Yukon Flats. We thank Bruce Hanna (Government of the Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resource Division) and Dave Olesen for their assistance in collecting lake level records in the Canadian Shield Transect. Finally, we thank Henry Johnson (Brown University) for support with computing and data storage. The CubeSat-derived lake area time series and associated metadata are archived at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC) and can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1667. We thank Ben Jones and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript.615759<180 Day Usage Count>341AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.FEB 28201946421112120
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081584http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL08158410Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyHP7GKGreen Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004618556000240 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveWithin the range of various caribou herdsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2808.212144
Association of Environmental Factors with Seasonal Intensity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Seropositivity among Arctic Caribou
ArticleEMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASESRANGIFER-TARANDUS; CLIMATE; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; HEALTH; MODELAleuy, OA; Anholt, M; Orsel, K; Mavrot, F; Gagnon, CA; Beckmen, K; Cote, SD; Cuyler, C; Dobson, A; Elkin, B; Leclerc, LM; Taillon, J; Kutz, SAleuy, O. Alejandro; Anholt, Michele; Orsel, Karin; Mavrot, Fabien; Gagnon, Catherine A.; Beckmen, Kimberlee; Cote, Steeve D.; Cuyler, Christine; Dobson, Andrew; Elkin, Brett; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Taillon, Joelle; Kutz, SusanEnglishSeveral caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations have been declining concurrently with increases in infectious diseases in the Arctic. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a zoonotic bacterium, was first described in 2015 as a notable cause of illness and death among several Arctic wildlife species. We investigated epidemiologic and environmental factors associated with the seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae in the Arctic and found that seropositivity was highest during warmer months, peaking in September, and was highest among adult males. Summer seroprevalence increases tracked with the oestrid index from the previous year, icing and snowing events, and precipitation from the same year but decreased with growing degree days in the same year. Seroprevalence of E. rhusiopathiae varied more during the later years of the study. Our findings provide key insights into the influence of environmental factors on disease prevalence that can be instrumental for anticipating and mitigating diseases associated with climate change among Arctic wildlife and human populations.[Aleuy, O. Alejandro] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Orsel, Karin; Mavrot, Fabien; Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Anholt, Michele] UCalgary, 1 Hlth, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Gagnon, Catherine A.] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Ctr Northern Studies, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Gagnon, Catherine A.] Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Beckmen, Kimberlee] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Cote, Steeve D.] Laval Univ, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Cuyler, Christine] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland; [Dobson, Andrew] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Elkin, Brett] Govt Northwest Terr, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Govt Nunavut, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada; [Taillon, Joelle] Govt Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Notre Dame; University of Calgary; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Laval University; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Princeton UniversityAleuy, OA (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.oaleuy@ucalgary.caMorris Animal Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery; International Polar Year grants; University of Calgary Eyes High PhD scholarshipMorris Animal Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); International Polar Year grants; University of Calgary Eyes High PhD scholarshipThe authors are grateful to the many biologists and technicians who collected, processed, and archived the serum samples and data used in this study, especially Alaska herd researchers Jim Dau, Lincoln Parrett, Elizabeth Lenart, Geoff Carroll, and Randy Zarnke, Angie Schneider, and James Wang from the University of Calgary for their technical support in the laboratory.; Research was performed in collaboration with CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) and supported through funding from Morris Animal Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery, and International Polar Year grants (S.K.), University of Calgary Eyes High PhD scholarship, Caribou Ungava, and the territorial and state government employers of coauthors. We would like to thank the territorial and state governments as well as communities, hunters, trappers and, hunter and trapper committees that collaborated with samples collection.5000<180 Day Usage Count>11CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTIONATLANTA1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA1080-60401080-6059EMERG INFECT DISEmerg. Infect. DisAUG202228816501658
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2808.212144http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2808.2121449Immunology; Infectious DiseasesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Immunology; Infectious Diseases3Y3QX35876625gold2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0008436425000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth Slave, South SlaveRange of the Bathurst caribou herdNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220060
Behaviour is more important than thermal performance for an Arctic host-parasite system under climate change
ArticleROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCEparasite; migratory escape; population dynamics; arrested development; metabolic theory; partial-differential equationFREE-LIVING STAGES; BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU; OSTERTAGIA-GRUEHNERI; NEMATODE PARASITES; POPULATION INTERACTIONS; ABOMASAL NEMATODES; ANIMAL MIGRATION; METABOLIC THEORY; DYNAMICS; REINDEERPeacock, SJ; Kutz, SJ; Hoar, BM; Molnar, PKPeacock, Stephanie J.; Kutz, Susan J.; Hoar, Bryanne M.; Molnar, Peter K.EnglishClimate change is affecting Arctic ecosystems, including parasites. Predicting outcomes for host-parasite systems is challenging due to the complexity of multi-species interactions and the numerous, interacting pathways by which climate change can alter dynamics. Increasing temperatures may lead to faster development of free-living parasite stages but also higher mortality. Interactions between behavioural plasticity of hosts and parasites will also influence transmission processes. We combined laboratory experiments and population modelling to understand the impacts of changing temperatures on barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and their common helminth (Ostertagia gruehneri). We experimentally determined the thermal performance curves for mortality and development of free-living parasite stages and applied them in a spatial host-parasite model that also included behaviour of the parasite (propensity for arrested development in the host) and host (long-distance migration). Sensitivity analyses showed that thermal responses had less of an impact on simulated parasite burdens than expected, and the effect differed depending on parasite behaviour. The propensity for arrested development and host migration led to distinct spatio-temporal patterns in infection. These results emphasize the importance of considering behaviour-and behavioural plasticity-when projecting climate-change impacts on host-parasite systems.[Peacock, Stephanie J.; Kutz, Susan J.; Hoar, Bryanne M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; [Peacock, Stephanie J.; Molnar, Peter K.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; [Molnar, Peter K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, CanadaUniversity of Calgary; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; University of TorontoPeacock, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.;Peacock, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Biol Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.stephanie.peacock@ucalgary.ca8811<180 Day Usage Count>33ROYAL SOCLONDON6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND2054-5703ROY SOC OPEN SCIR. Soc. Open Sci.AUG 24202298
220060
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220060http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.22006021Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics3Z3HC36016913gold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008443079000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort shoreline, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112358
Biophysical controls of increased tundra productivity in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTLandsat; Random Forests; Arctic tundra; Greening; EVI; Vegetation indices; Climate changeVEGETATION GREENING TRENDS; SHRUB EXPANSION; CASSIOPE-TETRAGONA; FOREST-TUNDRA; CLIMATE; PERMAFROST; LANDSAT; COVER; DELTA; MODISChen, A; Lantz, TC; Hermosilla, T; Wulder, MAChen, Angel; Lantz, Trevor C.; Hermosilla, Txomin; Wulder, Michael A.EnglishRapid climate warming has widely been considered as the main driver of recent increases in Arctic tundra productivity. Field observations and remote sensing both show that tundra greening has been widespread, but heterogeneity in regional and landscape-scale trends suggest that additional controls are mediating the response of tundra vegetation to warming. In this study, we examined the relationship between changes in vegetation productivity in the western Canadian Arctic and biophysical variables by analyzing trends in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) obtained from nonparametric regression of annual Landsat surface reflectance composites. We used Random Forests classification and regression tree modelling to predict the trajectory and magnitude of greening from 1984 to 2016 and identify biophysical controls. More than two-thirds of our study area showed statistically significant increases in vegetation productivity, but observed changes were heterogeneous, occurring most rapidly within areas of the Southern Arctic that were: (1) dominated by dwarf and upright shrub cover types, (2) moderately sloping, and (3) located at lower elevation. These findings suggest that the response of tundra vegetation to warming is mediated by regional- and landscape-scale variation in microclimate, topography and soil moisture, and physiological differences among plant functional groups. Our work highlights the potential of the joint analysis of annual remotely sensed vegetation indices and broad-scale biophysical data to understand spatial variation in tundra vegetation change.[Chen, Angel; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Hermosilla, Txomin; Wulder, Michael A.] Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caChen, Angel/0000-0002-6079-4258Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 06210-2018]; University of Victoria; Arctic Institute of North America (Lorraine Allison Scholarship); Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Government of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); University of Victoria; Arctic Institute of North America (Lorraine Allison Scholarship); Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Government of Canada(CGIAR)This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 06210-2018: TCL), the University of Victoria, the Arctic Institute of North America (Lorraine Allison Scholarship: AC), the Northern Scientific Training Program and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Data processing and analysis was partially enabled by the computational capabilities provided by WestGrid (www.westgrid.ca) and Compute Canada (computecanada.ca). Open access publication is supported by the Government of Canada. The authors would also like to thank Nicholas Coops, Gregory Rickbeil, David Swanson, Kiyo Campbell, Jordan Seider, Joe Antos, and Carissa Brown for discussions that informed this research as well as the editor and anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback and comments on earlier versions of our manuscript.13878<180 Day Usage Count>124ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.JUN 12021258
112358
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112358http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112358MAR 202112Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyRJ7FChybrid2023-03-08WOS:0006377651000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18331-w
Canadian permafrost stores large pools of ammonium and optically distinct dissolved organic matter
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSFLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CARBON STORAGE; BOREAL FOREST; BIOAVAILABILITY; NITROGEN; THAW; BIODEGRADABILITYFouche, J; Christiansen, CT; Lafreniere, MJ; Grogan, P; Lamoureux, SFFouche, J.; Christiansen, C. T.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Grogan, P.; Lamoureux, S. F.EnglishPermafrost degradation may lead to mobilization of carbon and nutrients and enhance microbial processing rates of previously frozen organic matter. Although the pool size and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are fundamental determinants of the carbon cycle in Arctic watersheds, its source within the seasonally thawing active layer and the underlying permafrost remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we used 25 soil cores that extended down into the permafrost from nine sites across Arctic Canada to quantify dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen stocks, and to characterize DOM optical properties. Organic permafrost stores 5-7 times more DOC and ammonium than the active layer and mineral permafrost. Furthermore, the permafrost layers contain substantial low molecular weight DOM with low aromaticity suggesting high biodegradability. We conclude that soil organic matter stoichiometry and cryogenic processes determine permafrost DOM chemistry, and that thawing will mobilize large amounts of labile DOC and ammonium into Arctic watersheds.[Fouche, J.] Univ Montpellier, LISAH, INRAE, IRD,Inst Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; [Fouche, J.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Lamoureux, S. F.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Christiansen, C. T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Christiansen, C. T.; Grogan, P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaINRAE; Institut Agro; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Queens University - Canada; University of Copenhagen; Queens University - CanadaFouche, J (corresponding author), Univ Montpellier, LISAH, INRAE, IRD,Inst Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France.;Fouche, J (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.julien.fouche@supagro.frLafreniere, Melissa/0000-0002-9639-6825; Fouche, Julien/0000-0002-3943-3001Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Frontiers ADAPT program; ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence; NSERC; Ontario Trillium Scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and UniversitiesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Frontiers ADAPT program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ontario Trillium Scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and UniversitiesWe are grateful for field and lab assistance from Jonathan Roger, Steve Koziar, Daniel Lamhonwah, Megan Rueckwald, Yvette Chirinian, Tova Pinsky, Olivia Rodee, and Gillian Thiel. We thank Warwick Vincent, Mickael Lemay, and all ADAPT contributors for providing research infrastructure and science support. This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Frontiers ADAPT program, the ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence, and NSERC Discovery grants to M.J.L., S.F.L., and P.G. C.T.C. was financed by an Ontario Trillium Scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities. Logistics support was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada. We would also like to thank Dr Ashley Rudy, Dr Benjamin Amann, Dr Greg King, Celine Geran, and Romain Thouvenin for their support.693939<180 Day Usage Count>29100NATURE RESEARCHBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.SEP 92020111
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18331-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18331-w11Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsPH6VH32908152gold, Green Published2023-03-14WOS:0006005472000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaSites along the Dempster HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.246
Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a fire chronosequence in subarctic boreal forests of Canada
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTPermafrost; Greenhouse gas; Forest fire; Active layer; GHG fluxMICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LONG-TERM IMPACT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; SOIL; EMISSIONS; CO2; PERMAFROST; EXCHANGE; BIOMASSKoster, E; Koster, K; Berninger, F; Aaltonen, H; Zhou, X; Pumpanen, JKoster, Egle; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank; Aaltonen, Heidi; Zhou, Xuan; Pumpanen, JukkaEnglishForest fires are one of the most important natural disturbances in boreal forests, and their occurrence and severity are expected to increase as a result of climate warming. A combination of factors induced by fire leads to a thawing of the near-surface permafrost layer in subarctic boreal forest. Earlier studies reported that an increase in the active layer thickness results in higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. We studied changes in CO2, CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in this study, and the significance of several environmental factors that influence the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes at three forest sites that last had fires in 2012, 1990 and 1969, and we compared these to a control area that had no fire for at least 100 years. The soils in our study acted as sources of CO2 and N2O and sinks for CH4. The elapsed time since the last forest fire was the only factor that significantly influenced all studied GHG fluxes. Soil temperature affected the uptake of CH4, and the N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by nitrogen and carbon content of the soil, and by the active layer depth. Results of our study confirm that the impacts of a forest fire on GHGs last for a rather long period of time in boreal forests, and are influenced by the fire induced changes in the ecosystem. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Koster, Egle; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank; Aaltonen, Heidi; Zhou, Xuan] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Koster, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Viikki Plant Sci Ctr, Dept Biosci, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, PL 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, FinlandUniversity of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; University of Eastern FinlandKoster, E (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.egle.koster@helsinki.fiKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012; Köster, Egle/AAH-8618-2021; Pumpanen, Jukka/B-1254-2012Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Pumpanen, Jukka/0000-0003-4879-3663; , Xuan/0000-0002-3602-5870; Aaltonen, Heidi/0000-0002-5194-834XAcademy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222]; ICOS Finland [281255]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [294600] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); ICOS Finland; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This study was supported by the Academy of Finland (Projects Nos. 286685, 294600, 307222) and by ICOS Finland (Project No. 281255). We thank Saara Berninger for her help during the fieldwork. We also acknowledge Alisdair Mclean (Language Center, University of Helsinki) for linguistic revision of this paper, and for his valuable comments on the manuscript.853535<180 Day Usage Count>7160ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 12017601895905
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.246http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.24611Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyFB7BA28582735Green Accepted2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004062949000880 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen GulfNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0096
Changes in shipping navigability in the Canadian Arctic between 1972 and 2016
ArticleFACETSArctic; shipping; sea ice; climate change; navigability; Northwest PassageCopland, L; Dawson, J; Tivy, A; Delaney, F; Cook, ACopland, Luke; Dawson, Jackie; Tivy, Adrienne; Delaney, Frances; Cook, AlisonEnglishThere have been rapid recent reductions in sea ice age and extent in the Canadian Arctic, but little previous analysis of how this has impacted the navigability of Arctic shipping. In this study we analyze how navigability changed over the period 1972-2016 by converting Canadian Ice Service ice charts to shipping navigability charts for different hull strength classifications based on the Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System. Analysis focuses on the southern route of the Northwest Passage, and the Arctic Bridge route across Hudson Bay, for changes in early-season (similar to 25 June), mid-season (similar to 3 September), and late-season (similar to 15 October) conditions. Results reveal that there has been a marked easing in shipping navigability for all vessels over the past decade, driven by reductions in the area and age of sea ice, particularly across the southern route of the Northwest Passage. Both medium (Type B) and little (Type E) ice strengthened vessels were able to transit the full length of this route in the middle part of the shipping season in 2012-2016, but not in 1972-1976 or 1992-1996.[Copland, Luke; Dawson, Jackie; Delaney, Frances; Cook, Alison] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Tivy, Adrienne] Canadian Ice Serv Environm & Climate Change Canad, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, CanadaUniversity of OttawaCopland, L (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.luke.copland@uottawa.caTransport Canada; Canadian Ice Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; MEOPAR; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Ottawa; ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; Ontario Research FundTransport Canada; Canadian Ice Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); MEOPAR; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); University of Ottawa; ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; Ontario Research FundWe thank Transport Canada, Canadian Ice Service, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, MEOPAR, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, University of Ottawa, and ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence Canada, for funding. We are also grateful to the Canadian Ice Service for the provision of ice charts, and for comments from two anonymous reviewers which helped to improve the manuscript.1344<180 Day Usage Count>38CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2371-1671FACETSFacetsJUN 302021610691087
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0096http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-009619Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsTE1WKgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006698070000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, Dehcho, North SlaveTuktoyaktuk coastal plain, lower Mackenzie plain, Mackenzie Valley, Great Slave uplandsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac97f7
Changes in surface water dynamics across northwestern Canada are influenced by wildfire and permafrost thaw
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSsurface water; Arctic; northwestern Canada; permafrost; wildfire; climate changeOLD CROW FLATS; THERMOKARST LAKES; COASTAL-PLAIN; ARCTIC TUNDRA; PONDS; NWT; VULNERABILITY; CONNECTIVITY; VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTTravers-Smith, H; Lantz, TC; Fraser, RH; Kokelj, SVTravers-Smith, H.; Lantz, T. C.; Fraser, R. H.; Kokelj, S., VEnglishThe abundance and distribution of surface water at high latitudes is shifting rapidly in response to both climate change and permafrost thaw. In particular, the expansion and drainage of lakes and ponds is widespread but spatially variable, and more research is needed to understand factors driving these processes. In this study we used medium resolution (30 m) remote sensing data to analyse changes in lake area in permafrost-rich lowland regions across northwestern Canada. First, we used the Global Surface Water Dataset developed by the GLAD research group to map the absolute area of different land-water transitions across a 1.4 million km(2) study domain. Next, we selected six regional study areas representing a range of climatic, geologic and hydrologic conditions. Within these regional study areas, we used the Landsat satellite archive to map annual trends in the area of 27 755 lakes between 1985 and 2020. We trained a random forests model to classify lakes exhibiting significant increasing or decreasing trends in area, and assessed the relative importance of climate, disturbance and environmental variables in determining the direction of change. Our analysis shows that significant increases in lake area were 5.6 times more frequent than decreases during the study period. Wildfire and ground ice abundance were the most important predictors of the direction of change. Greater ground ice content was associated with regions that experienced increases in lake area, while wildfire was associated with regions that experienced decreases in lake area. The effects of climate, including trends in mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation were smaller than disturbance and environmental factors, indicating that climate has likely had indirect effects on lake area changes over our period of study.[Travers-Smith, H.; Lantz, T. C.] Univ Victoria, Environm Studies, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Fraser, R. H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 580 Booth St,5th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada; [Kokelj, S., V] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey Ind Tourism & Investme, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Travers-Smith, H (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Environm Studies, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.hanasmith1531@gmail.comLantz, Trevor/0000-0001-5643-1537ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada [06,210-2018]; Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; University of Victoria; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProjectArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; University of Victoria; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada)This research was funded by ArcticNet and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada through a Discovery Grant (06,210-2018) to Trevor Lantz and a Canada Graduate Scholarship Award to Hana Travers-Smith. We also acknowledge funds and support from the University of Victoria, the Garfield Weston Foundation, the Northern Science Training Program, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project.7700<180 Day Usage Count>88IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV 120221711
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac97f7http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac97f715Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences5N4ERgold2023-03-08WOS:0008717435000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuit Nunangat (not identified in order to protect anonymity of participants)YAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0435-7
Changing access to ice, land and water in Arctic communities
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEKENDALL TREND TEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; MANN-KENDALL; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; VULNERABILITY; NUNAVUT; IGLOOLIK; ALASKA; ADAPTATIONFord, JD; Clarke, D; Pearce, T; Berrang-Ford, L; Copland, L; Dawson, J; New, M; Harper, SLFord, J. D.; Clarke, D.; Pearce, T.; Berrang-Ford, L.; Copland, L.; Dawson, J.; New, M.; Harper, S. L.EnglishArctic climate change has the potential to affect access to semi-permanent trails on land, water and sea ice, which are the main forms of transport for communities in many circumpolar regions. Focusing on Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland in northern Canada), trail access models were developed drawing upon a participatory process that connects Indigenous knowledge and science. We identified general thresholds for weather and sea ice variables that define boundaries that determine trail access, then applied these thresholds to instrumental data on weather and sea ice conditions to model daily trail accessibility from 1985 to 2016 for 16 communities. We find that overall trail access has been minimally affected by >2 degrees C warming in the past three decades, increasing by 1.38-1.96 days, differing by trail type. Across models, the knowledge, equipment and risk tolerance of trail users were substantially more influential in determining trail access than changing climatic conditions.[Ford, J. D.; Berrang-Ford, L.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Ford, J. D.; Clarke, D.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Pearce, T.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia; [Copland, L.; Dawson, J.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [New, M.] Univ Cape Town, African Climate & Dev Initiat, Cape Town, South Africa; [New, M.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich, Norfolk, England; [Harper, S. L.] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; McGill University; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Ottawa; University of Cape Town; University of East Anglia; University of AlbertaFord, JD (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.;Ford, JD (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.j.ford2@leeds.ac.ukFord, James/A-4284-2013; New, Mark/A-7684-2008; Harper, Sherilee/L-4996-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; New, Mark/0000-0001-6082-8879; Clark, Dylan/0000-0002-3676-6150; Harper, Sherilee/0000-0001-7298-8765SSHRC; CIHR; ArcticNet; MEOPAR; NSERC; Transport CanadaSSHRC(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); CIHR(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); ArcticNet; MEOPAR; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Transport CanadaAll work was conducted under a Nunavut Research Institute License, Aurora Research Institute Scientific Research License, Human Research Ethics Approval form McGill University and the University of Guelph. The work was funded by SSHRC, CIHR, ArcticNet, MEOPAR, NSERC and Transport Canada. We thank all community members who were involved in this research, including those in Arviat, Arctic Bay, Pangnirtung, Pond Inlet, Whale Cove, Iqaluit, Ulukhaktok, Paulatuk and Sachs Harbour. We thank the Canadian Ice Service, A. Tivy and F. Delaney for assistance with historical sea ice data.523133<180 Day Usage Count>859NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.APR201994335+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0435-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0435-78Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHQ4BGGreen Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004623538000210 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveWithin the range of various caribou herdsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13161
Changing northern vegetation conditions are influencing barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) post-calving movement rates
ArticleJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHYanimal movement; Arctic; EVI; forest; tundra productivity; herbivory; Landsat; telemetryLAND-COVER CHANGE; PRODUCTIVITY; REINDEER; CANADA; LANDSCAPE; LICHEN; TEMPERATURE; TUNDRA; MODIS; CONSEQUENCESRickbeil, GJM; Hermosilla, T; Coops, NC; White, JC; Wulder, MA; Lantz, TCRickbeil, Gregory J. M.; Hermosilla, Txomin; Coops, Nicholas C.; White, Joanne C.; Wulder, Michael A.; Lantz, Trevor C.EnglishAimTo quantify changes in vegetation productivity over the past three decades across five barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd ranges and assess how these changes are influencing caribou movement rates. LocationNorthwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada. MethodsAs an indicator of vegetation productivity, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was calculated on newly developed cloud-free, gap-free, Landsat surface reflectance image composites representing 1984-2012. Changes in EVI were assessed on a pixel basis using Theil-Sen's nonparametric regression and compared across herd ranges and land cover types using generalized least squares regression. Animal movement velocity was calculated from caribou telemetry data and generalized additive mixed models were used to link movement rates with vegetation productivity during the post-calving phase of the year (July and August). ResultsVegetation productivity increased across the five caribou herd ranges examined. The largest productivity increase occurred over the ranges of the most western herds, with the largest observed changes in grassland or shrub habitats. Caribou tended to move more slowly through tundra habitats with elevated levels of productivity to a point, while grasslands movement rates decreased linearly with increasing productivity. Movement velocities peaked at intermediate productivity levels in shrub habitats. Main conclusionsOver the three decades of collected data, barren ground caribou habitats have become more productive, which is consistent with other studies that have documented increases in Arctic vegetation productivity. The more western herds, whose ranges are also closest to the Arctic Ocean, experienced the largest increases in productivity. Finally, we demonstrate that barren ground caribou movement patterns will likely change as a result of changing vegetation productivity in complex manners depending on herd, habitat type and the magnitude of change in vegetation productivity.[Rickbeil, Gregory J. M.; Hermosilla, Txomin; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, 2323 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [White, Joanne C.; Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forestry Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of VictoriaRickbeil, GJM (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, 2323 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.grickbeil@gmail.comWulder, Michael A/J-5597-2016; Coops, Nicholas/L-3652-2019; Coops, Nicholas C/J-1543-2012; White, Joanne C./Z-1981-2019; Hermosilla, Txomin/K-6206-2014Wulder, Michael A/0000-0002-6942-1896; Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Coops, Nicholas C/0000-0002-0151-9037; White, Joanne C./0000-0003-4674-0373; Hermosilla, Txomin/0000-0002-5445-0360Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [427425-2012, 311926-13]; Government of the Northwest TerritoriesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Government of the Northwest TerritoriesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant/Award Number: 427425-2012, 311926-13; Government of the Northwest Territories791213<180 Day Usage Count>131WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0305-02701365-2699J BIOGEOGRJ. Biogeogr.MAR2018453702712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13161http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.1316111Ecology; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyFY0NRBronze2023-03-08WOS:0004265089000160 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBanks Island, Mould BayNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082187
Climate Change Drives Widespread and Rapid Thermokarst Development in Very Cold Permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSpermafrost; Arctic; thermokarst; monitoring; ground temperatureACTIVE-LAYER; ICE; DEGRADATION; LANDSCAPES; ALASKA; ISLAND; THAWFarquharson, LM; Romanovsky, VE; Cable, WL; Walker, DA; Kokelj, SV; Nicolsky, DFarquharson, Louise M.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Cable, William L.; Walker, Donald A.; Kokelj, Steven V.; Nicolsky, DmitryEnglishClimate warming in regions of ice-rich permafrost can result in widespread thermokarst development, which reconfigures the landscape and damages infrastructure. We present multisite time series observations which couple ground temperature measurements with thermokarst development in a region of very cold permafrost. In the Canadian High Arctic between 2003 and 2016, a series of anomalously warm summers caused mean thawing indices to be 150-240% above the 1979-2000 normal resulting in up to 90 cm of subsidence over the 12-year observation period. Our data illustrate that despite low mean annual ground temperatures, very cold permafrost (<-10 degrees C) with massive ground ice close to the surface is highly vulnerable to rapid permafrost degradation and thermokarst development. We suggest that this is due to little thermal buffering from soil organic layers and near-surface vegetation, and the presence of near-surface ground ice. Observed maximum thaw depths at our sites are already exceeding those projected to occur by 2090 under representative concentration pathway version 4.5. Plain Language Summary Permafrost is ground that remains at or below 0 degrees C for two years or longer and it underlies much of the Arctic. Permafrost in Arctic lowland regions is frequently characterized by large volumes of ground ice which, when it melts, causes the ground surface to collapse. As the Arctic warms, ice-rich permafrost degradation is expected to be widespread. Our data illustrate that very cold permafrost, which has a mean annual ground temperature of -10 degrees C or lower, is experiencing a rapid increase in active layer thickness at annual time scales. At three permafrost monitoring sites in the Canadian Arctic we have observed that warmer than average summer air temperatures have caused the active layer to deepen, near-surface ground ice to melt, and the overlying ground surface to subside, in some cases leading to the formation of small thaw ponds. Our results show that very cold permafrost terrain is responding rapidly to ongoing warming.[Farquharson, Louise M.; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nicolsky, Dmitry] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Permafrost Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Cable, William L.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksFarquharson, LM (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Permafrost Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.lmfarquharson@alaska.eduCable, William/0000-0002-7951-3946; Nicolsky, Dmitry/0000-0001-9866-1285; Romanovsky, Vladimir/0000-0002-9515-2087; Farquharson, Louise/0000-0001-8884-511XPermAON2, NSF [ARC-1107524]PermAON2, NSFL.M.F., V.R., and W.C. were funded by PermAON2, NSF grant ARC-1107524. We thank Matthew Balazs and Richard Buzard for their advice on structure-from-motion data collection. We thank Martha Tako Raynolds and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which greatly improved this manuscript. This manuscript benefitted from discussions with Daniel Mann, Guido Grosse, Yuri Shur, and Misha Kanevskiy. We thank our pilots from Ken Borek Air for transporting us safely to our remote field sites. Data from this paper are available from the real-time data portal at http://permafrost.gi.alaska.edu/.36114116<180 Day Usage Count>1258AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JUN 282019461266816689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082187http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL0821879Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyIL9PJGreen Published, hybridYN2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004776163000580 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllHydrometric stations maintained by Environment and Climate Change Canada, located in the permafrost zoneNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050626
Climatic Controls on Mean and Extreme Streamflow Changes Across the Permafrost Region of Canada
ArticleWATERclimatic controls; multiple linear regression; permafrost region; streamflow extremes; trend analysis; variable importance analysisShrestha, RR; Pesklevits, J; Yang, DQ; Peters, DL; Dibike, YBShrestha, Rajesh R.; Pesklevits, Jennifer; Yang, Daqing; Peters, Daniel L.; Dibike, Yonas B.EnglishClimatic change is affecting streamflow regimes of the permafrost region, altering mean and extreme streamflow conditions. In this study, we analyzed historical trends in annual mean flow (Q(mean)), minimum flow (Q(min)), maximum flow (Q(max)) and Q(max) timing across 84 hydrometric stations in the permafrost region of Canada. Furthermore, we related streamflow trends with temperature and precipitation trends, and used a multiple linear regression (MLR) framework to evaluate climatic controls on streamflow components. The results revealed spatially varied trends across the region, with significantly increasing (at 10% level) Q(min) for 43% of stations as the most prominent trend, and a relatively smaller number of stations with significant Q(mean), Q(max) and Q(max) timing trends. Temperatures over both the cold and warm seasons showed significant warming for >70% of basin areas upstream of the hydrometric stations, while precipitation exhibited increases for >15% of the basins. Comparisons of the 1976 to 2005 basin-averaged climatological means of streamflow variables with precipitation and temperature revealed a positive correlation between Q(mean) and seasonal precipitation, and a negative correlation between Q(mean) and seasonal temperature. The basin-averaged streamflow, precipitation and temperature trends showed weak correlations that included a positive correlation between Q(min) and October to March precipitation trends, and negative correlations of Q(max) timing with October to March and April to September temperature trends. The MLR-based variable importance analysis revealed the dominant controls of precipitation on Q(mean) and Q(max), and temperature on Q(min). Overall, this study contributes towards an enhanced understanding of ongoing changes in streamflow regimes and their climatic controls across the Canadian permafrost region, which could be generalized for the broader pan-Arctic regions.[Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Pesklevits, Jennifer; Yang, Daqing; Peters, Daniel L.; Dibike, Yonas B.] Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of VictoriaShrestha, RR (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 2472 Arbutus Rd, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada.rajesh.shrestha@canada.ca; jennifer.pesklevits@canada.ca; daqing.yang@canada.ca; daniel.peters@Canada.ca; yonas.dibike@canada.caShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-6495; Dibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708Environment and Climate Change CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaThis study was conducted with internal funding from Environment and Climate Change Canada.7044<180 Day Usage Count>04MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterMAR2021135
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050626http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1305062619Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesQW4MDgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006286247000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0757-5
Coldest Canadian Arctic communities face greatest reductions in shorefast sea ice
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGELANDFAST ICE; INUIT VULNERABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; GREENLAND; THICKNESS; DRIVEN; RIVERCooley, SW; Ryan, JC; Smith, LC; Horvat, C; Pearson, B; Dale, B; Lynch, AHCooley, Sarah W.; Ryan, Jonathan C.; Smith, Laurence C.; Horvat, Chris; Pearson, Brodie; Dale, Brigt; Lynch, Amanda H.EnglishShorefast sea ice comprises only about 12% of global sea-ice cover, yet it has outsized importance for Arctic societies and ecosystems. Relatively little is known, however, about the dominant drivers of its breakup or how it will respond to climate warming. Here, we use 19 years of near-daily satellite imagery to document the timing of shorefast ice breakup in 28 communities in northern Canada and western Greenland that rely on shorefast ice for transportation and traditional subsistence activities. Breakup timing is strongly correlated with springtime air temperature, but the sensitivity of the relationship varies substantially among communities. We combine these observations with future warming scenarios to estimate an annual reduction of 5-44 days in the length of the springtime shorefast ice season by 2100. Paradoxically, the coldest communities are projected to experience the largest reductions in springtime ice season duration. Our results emphasize the local nature of climate change and its varied impacts on Arctic communities. Shorefast sea ice, which forms along the Arctic shore in winter and spring, is important for local communities and ecosystems. Satellite and climate model data are used to estimate a decrease in shorefast ice season length of 5-44 days by 2100, with the coldest areas experiencing the largest reductions.[Cooley, Sarah W.; Smith, Laurence C.; Horvat, Chris; Pearson, Brodie; Lynch, Amanda H.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Cooley, Sarah W.; Ryan, Jonathan C.; Smith, Laurence C.; Horvat, Chris; Lynch, Amanda H.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Pearson, Brodie] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Dale, Brigt] Nordland Res Inst, Bodo, NorwayBrown University; Brown University; Oregon State UniversityCooley, SW (corresponding author), Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.;Cooley, SW (corresponding author), Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA.sarah_cooley@brown.edu; Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012; Lynch, Amanda/B-4278-2011Cooley, Sarah/0000-0001-8953-6730; Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904; Lynch, Amanda/0000-0003-2990-1016; Dale, Brigt/0000-0002-7753-5391NSF Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) [1836473]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Geological Society of America Student Research Grant; Voss Postdoctoral FellowshipNSF Navigating the New Arctic (NNA); NSF Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Geological Society of America Student Research Grant; Voss Postdoctoral FellowshipThis research was funded by an NSF Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) grant (no. 1836473) managed by R. Delgado. S.W.C. acknowledges funding from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and from a Geological Society of America Student Research Grant. J.C.R. acknowledges funding from a Voss Postdoctoral Fellowship. We gratefully acknowledge A. Andreasen, the Uummannaq Polar Institute and the Uummannaq Children's Home for providing lodging and fieldwork support. We thank P. Kreutzmann and M. Johansen for sharing knowledge and for their assistance in the field. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups listed in the Methods for producing and making available their model output.372828<180 Day Usage Count>420NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.JUN2020106533+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0757-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0757-52020-05-01 00:00:0010Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesLW4CO2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005302935000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01894-3
Community-identified risks to hunting, fishing, and gathering (harvesting) activities from increased marine shipping activity in Inuit Nunangat, Canada
ArticleREGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGEInuit; Marine shipping; Arctic; Climate change; Subsistence hunting; Harvesting; Gathering; Risks; Impacts; PolicyFOOD INSECURITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE; WATERS; KNOWLEDGE; IMPACTSvan Luijk, N; Carter, NA; Dawson, J; Parker, C; Grey, K; Provencher, J; Cook, Avan Luijk, Nicolien; Carter, Natalie Ann; Dawson, Jackie; Parker, Colleen; Grey, Kayla; Provencher, Jennifer; Cook, AlisonEnglishThe rapid increase in marine shipping activity in Inuit Nunangat (i.e. in settled land claim regions of Arctic Canada), propelled by climate change and international interest in Arctic maritime trade, has heightened concerns among Inuit communities about the risks that more ships could pose for sustainable and subsistence hunting, fishing, and gathering (berries, plants, eggs, etc.) (referred to as harvesting in this article) activities considered vital for cultural well-being and local livelihoods. As part of the Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices project, (www.arcticcorridors.ca) a series of workshops, focus groups, and interviews were conducted in and with 14 communities across Inuit Nunangat that involved 133 marine experts and 59 youth community researchers. In this paper, we present the concerns identified by Inuit and local marine users about the risks of increased shipping activity specifically with respect to harvesting activities and then identify governance needs that could support sustainability. Results of the study are organised by three major risk themes: (1) Marine ecosystem contamination and degradation; (2) Disruption to harvesters' travel and safety; and (3) Interference and disturbance of wildlife. All of these risks negatively impact harvesting activities in Inuit Nunangat. Considering the region is expected to be ice-free in summer by the end of the twenty-first century and that subsistence harvesting is crucial to the well-being of Inuit and northern communities, it is vital that research on this topic be conducted and then considered within ongoing Arctic governance and co-governance efforts.[van Luijk, Nicolien; Carter, Natalie Ann; Dawson, Jackie; Grey, Kayla; Cook, Alison] Univ Ottawa, 60 Univ Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Parker, Colleen] Nunavut Marine Council, Govt Canada, Nunavut, ON, Canada; [Provencher, Jennifer] Acad Univ, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Acadia Universityvan Luijk, N (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, 60 Univ Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.nicolien.vanluijk@uottawa.ca; ncarte3@uottawa.ca; Jackie.Dawson@uottawa.ca; cparker@nirb.ca; k.grey@uottawa.ca; jennifer.provencher@canada.ca; ajcook100@gmail.comProvencher, Jennifer F/J-2839-2016Provencher, Jennifer F/0000-0002-4972-2034Fisheries and Oceans Canada Grant; Irving Shipbuilding Inc. [3209]; Marine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR) [2-02-03-018.1, 310616]; Northern Scientific Training Program; Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP) [1718-HQ-000080]; Pew Charitable Trusts; World Wildlife Fund; Oceans North; Student for Canada's NorthFisheries and Oceans Canada Grant; Irving Shipbuilding Inc.; Marine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP); Pew Charitable Trusts; World Wildlife Fund; Oceans North; Student for Canada's NorthThe study was funded by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Grant; Irving Shipbuilding Inc. [Grant number 3209]; Marine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR) [Grant number 2-02-03-018.1 and 310616]; Northern Scientific Training Program; The Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP) [Grant number 1718-HQ-000080]; Oceans North; Pew Charitable Trusts; Student for Canada's North; World Wildlife Fund.6100<180 Day Usage Count>37SPRINGER HEIDELBERGHEIDELBERGTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY1436-37981436-378XREG ENVIRON CHANGEReg. Envir. Chang.MAR2022221
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01894-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01894-315Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyZF5FFhybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0007595928000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaSahtu, South SlaveFort Good Hope, Colville Lake, Fort Providence, Fort SmithYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-11542-250208
Culture and the social-ecology of local food use by Indigenous communities in northern North America
ArticleECOLOGY AND SOCIETYbiodiversity; country food; cultural diversity; food systems; Indigenous peoples; traditional food; trophic nicheCLIMATE-CHANGE; TRADITIONAL FOODS; HEALTH; VULNERABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; FRAMEWORK; SECURITY; CONTAMINANTS; SUBSISTENCE; ENVIRONMENTTremblay, R; Landry-Cuerrier, M; Humphries, MMTremblay, Roxanne; Landry-Cuerrier, Manuelle; Humphries, Murray M.EnglishSocial-ecological and biocultural systems connect people to their environment at the intersection of nature and culture. The harvest of local wildlife for human consumption is critically important to the food security of the world's Indigenous peoples and to the conservation of biodiversity, either as a driver of biodiversity loss or of biodiversity protection, depending on system properties. By their nature, local food systems are assumed to be both ecologically determined and culturally defined. Here, we analyze standardized local food consumption surveys conducted in 21 Indigenous communities across northern North America. Using measures of dietary similarity from the ecological sciences and a variance partitioning statistical approach, we reveal a profound and prevailing importance of culture in defining the types and amounts of animal species consumed as food, operating within the environmental constraint of local availability. This quantitative, multicommunity analysis reveals the sustainability and cultural agency inherent in local food systems and the importance of cultural-ecological coupling in an era of accelerating social and environmental change.[Tremblay, Roxanne; Landry-Cuerrier, Manuelle; Humphries, Murray M.] McGill Univ, Ctr Indigenous Peoples Nutr & Environm, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill UniversityTremblay, R (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Ctr Indigenous Peoples Nutr & Environm, Montreal, PQ, Canada.Institut Nordique du Quebec McGill Chair in Northern Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaInstitut Nordique du Quebec McGill Chair in Northern Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)The authors acknowledge the Indigenous communities and community-based researchers whose experience, expertise, and participation made this meta-analysis possible. Dr. Elizabeth Robinson identified the analytical opportunity. Gordon Hickey and Treena Delormier provided insightful comments related to the context, analyses, and interpretation. Funding was received from the Institut Nordique du Quebec McGill Chair in Northern Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Discovery Grant and Northern Supplement Program. Authors RT, ML-C, and MMH collectively conceived the study and the analytical approach; RT and ML-C led the acquisition and analysis of data; and RT, ML-C, and MMH collectively interpreted the data and together drafted the manuscript.8988<180 Day Usage Count>521RESILIENCE ALLIANCEWOLFVILLEACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA1708-3087ECOL SOCEcol. Soc.JUN2020252
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-11542-250208http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-11542-25020826Ecology; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyMF0ITgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005450369000180 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllArctic and boreal lakes across western North AmericaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021219118
Declining greenness in Arctic-boreal lakes
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAlakes; color; Landsat; Arctic; borealDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; HIGH-LATITUDE LAKES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SURFACE-WATER; METHANE DYNAMICS; CHLOROPHYLL ALGORITHMS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; MACKENZIE DELTA; GLOBAL LAKES; CLOUD SHADOWKuhn, C; Butman, DKuhn, Catherine; Butman, DavidEnglishThe highest concentration of the world's lakes are found in Arcticboreal regions [C. Verpoorter, T. Kutser, D. A. Seekell, L. J. Tranvik, Geophys. Res. Lett. 41, 6396-6402 (2014)], and consequently are undergoing the most rapid warming [J. E. Overland et al., Arctic Report Card (2018)]. However, the ecological response of Arcticboreal lakes to warming remains highly uncertain. Historical trends in lake color from remote sensing observations can provide insights into changing lake ecology, yet have not been examined at the panArctic scale. Here, we analyze time series of 30-m Landsat growing season composites to quantify trends in lake greenness for >4 x 10(5) waterbodies in boreal and Arctic western North America. We find lake greenness declined overall by 15% from the first to the last decade of analysis within the 6.3 x 10(6)-km(2) study region but with significant spatial variability. Greening declines were more likely to be found in areas also undergoing increases in air temperature and precipitation. These findings support the hypothesis that warming has increased connectivity between lakes and the land surface [A. Bring et al., J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences 121, 621-649 (2016)], with implications for lake carbon cycling and energy budgets. Our study provides spatially explicit information linking climate to panArctic lake color changes, a finding that will help target future ecological monitoring in remote yet rapidly changing regions.[Kuhn, Catherine; Butman, David] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Butman, David] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniversity of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington SeattleKuhn, C (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.ckuhn@uw.eduButman, David/0000-0003-3520-7426NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [80NSSC18K1336]; University of Washington College of the Environment Integral Environmental Big Data Award; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program through Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Grants [80NSSC18K1336, NNX15AU04A]; NASA [796301, NNX15AU04A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; University of Washington College of the Environment Integral Environmental Big Data Award; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program through Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Grants; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This work was supported by the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (80NSSC18K1336), the University of Washington College of the Environment Integral Environmental Big Data Award, and the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program through Arctic and Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Grants (80NSSC18K1336 and NNX15AU04A). We thank the eScience Institute, the developers at Google Earth Engine, and NASA and the US Geological Survey for keeping the Landsat archive free and open. We thank Dr. Uma Bhatt for her assistance with ERA5 data, Drs. Matthew Bogard and Ben Miller for helpful comments, Drs. Jill Deines and Jon Wang for their help with the Landsat cloud masks, and M.M.C. and anonymous peer reviewers for their contributions to this work.1441616<180 Day Usage Count>823NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.APR 13202111815
e2021219118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021219118http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.20212191188Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRO6SL33876758Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006411730000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveRange of the Bathurst caribou herdNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091133
Elevation-Dependent Changes to Plant Phenology in Canada's Arctic Detected Using Long-Term Satellite Observations
ArticleATMOSPHEREelevation dependency; plant phenology; growing season; remote sensing; Arctic mountainsCLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; GROWING-SEASON; TUNDRA; SNOW; COLORADO; BIOMASS; COVER; ENERGY; ALBEDOChen, WJ; White, L; Leblanc, SG; Latifovic, R; Olthof, IChen, Wenjun; White, Lori; Leblanc, Sylvain G.; Latifovic, Rasim; Olthof, IanEnglishArctic temperatures have increased at almost twice the global average rate since the industrial revolution. Some studies also reported a further amplified rate of climate warming at high elevations; namely, the elevation dependency of climate change. This elevation-dependent climate change could have important implications for the fate of glaciers and ecosystems at high elevations under climate change. However, the lack of long-term climate data at high elevations, especially in the Arctic, has hindered the investigation of this question. Because of the linkage between climate warming and plant phenology changes and remote sensing's ability to detect the latter, remote sensing provides an alternative way for investigating the elevation dependency of climate change over Arctic mountains. This study investigated the elevation-dependent changes to plant phenology using AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) time series from 1985 to 2013 over five study areas in Canada's Arctic. We found that the start of the growing season (SOS) became earlier faster with an increasing elevation over mountainous study areas (i.e., Sirmilik, the Torngat Mountains, and Ivvavik National Parks). Similarly, the changes rates in the end of growing season (EOS) and the growing season length (GSL) were also higher at high elevations. One exception was SOS in the Ivvavik National Park: no warming trend with the May-June temperature at a nearby climate station decreased slightly during 1985-2013, and so no elevation-dependent amplification.[Chen, Wenjun; Leblanc, Sylvain G.; Latifovic, Rasim; Olthof, Ian] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada; [White, Lori] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Wildlife Landscape Sci Directorate, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); Environment & Climate Change CanadaChen, WJ (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada.wenjun.chen@canada.ca; lori.white2@canada.ca; sylvain.leblanc@canada.ca; rasim.latifovic@canada.ca; ian.olthof@canada.ca, Lori/0000-0002-9720-5349; Leblanc, Sylvain/0000-0003-2456-7119NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP); Canadian Space Agency's Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); NRCan's Remote Sensing Science ProgramNWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP); Canadian Space Agency's Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); NRCan's Remote Sensing Science ProgramThe NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP), the Canadian Space Agency's Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP), and the NRCan's Remote Sensing Science Program provided financial support for the study.5011<180 Day Usage Count>38MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereSEP2021129
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091133http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1209113318Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesUV1UQgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0006992731000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103637
Evaluating present and future potential of arctic fisheries in Canada
ArticleMARINE POLICYArctic fisheries; Climate change; Ocean acidification; Landed value; Species distribution modelCLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; IMPACTS; SEA; VULNERABILITY; DIETTai, TC; Steiner, NS; Hoover, C; Cheung, WWL; Sumaila, URTai, Travis C.; Steiner, Nadja S.; Hoover, Carie; Cheung, William W. L.; Sumaila, U. RashidEnglishThe Arctic remains one of the most pristine marine regions in the world, however climate change and increasing favourable conditions is triggering increasing exploration and development of commercial fisheries. Canada's Arctic marine capture fisheries are currently small relative to fisheries in other regions in Canada but small scale, predominantly Inuit fisheries are more wide spread. In this study, catch data was first used to estimate the current state of Arctic marine fisheries. Next, an integrated modelling approach was used to estimate the current and future fisheries potentials under high and low climate change scenarios. Comparisons of the current (2004-2015) annual reported tonnage and modelled estimates (+/- standard deviation) suggest that annual sustainable fisheries catch potential could be much greater at 4.07 (+/- 2.86) million tonnes than the current catch of 189 (+/- 6.26) thousand tonnes. Under a high climate change scenario, future (2091-2100) fisheries potential was projected to increase to 6.95 (+/- 5.07) million tonnes of catch, while under low climate change scenario catch potential was similar to estimates of current catch potential. However, the greatest source of variance in catch potential estimates came from parameter uncertainty, followed by scenario and model uncertainty. These results contribute to understanding Canada's Arctic marine ecosystems in the face of a rapidly changing environment, yet proper steps must be taken to ensure cultural preservation for Inuit communities as well as ecological, economic, and social sustainability.[Tai, Travis C.; Cheung, William W. L.; Sumaila, U. Rashid] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Steiner, Nadja S.] Inst Ocean Sci, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada; [Steiner, Nadja S.] Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Ocean Canada, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Sidney, BC V8L 5T5, Canada; [Hoover, Carie] Dalhousie Univ, Marine Affairs Program, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Dalhousie UniversityTai, TC (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.ttai2@alumni.uwo.caSumaila, U. Rashid/ABE-6475-2020Hoover, Carie/0000-0002-5343-9805; Steiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437OceanCanada; Social Sciences and Humanity Research Council of Canada (SSHRC); MEOPAR; Departments of Environment and Climate Change Canada; Marine Affairs Program; Fisheries and Oceans CanadaOceanCanada; Social Sciences and Humanity Research Council of Canada (SSHRC); MEOPAR; Departments of Environment and Climate Change Canada; Marine Affairs Program; Fisheries and Oceans CanadaAll authors would like to acknowledge funding support from OceanCanada, a partnership supported by the Social Sciences and Humanity Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). TCT would also like to thank MEOPAR for funding support. NSS would like to acknowledge support from the Departments of Environment and Climate Change Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. CH acknowledges support from the Marine Affairs Program. WWLC would like to thank the Nippon Foundation-UBC Nereus Program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.571415<180 Day Usage Count>117ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0308-597X1872-9460MAR POLICYMar. Pol.OCT2019108
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103637http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.10363711Environmental Studies; International RelationsSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International RelationsJL4RX2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0004955187000220 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaSachs HarbourNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120108
Feeding and contaminant patterns of sub-arctic and arctic ringed seals: Potential insight into climate change-contaminant interactions
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONPinnipeds; Persistent organic pollutants; Metals; Perfluoroalkyl substances; Space-for-time substitution; Fatty acidsPERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; ISOTOPE RATIOS; FATTY-ACIDS; TRENDS; MERCURY; DIET; BIOACCUMULATION; ZOOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIESFacciola, N; Houde, M; Muir, DCG; Ferguson, SH; McKinney, MAFacciola, Nadia; Houde, Magali; Muir, Derek C. G.; Ferguson, Steven H.; McKinney, Melissa A.EnglishTo provide insight into how climate-driven diet shifts may impact contaminant exposures of Arctic species, we compared feeding ecology and contaminant concentrations in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from two Canadian sub -Arctic (Nain at 56.5?N, Arviat at 61.1?N) and two Arctic sites (Sachs Harbour at 72.0 ?N, Resolute Bay at 74.7 ?N). In the sub-Arctic, empirical evidence of changing prey fish communities has been documented, while less community change has been reported in the Arctic to date, suggesting current sub-Arctic conditions may be a harbinger of future Arctic conditions. Here, Indigenous partners collected tissues from subsistence-harvested ringed seals in 2018. Blubber fatty acids (FAs) and muscle stable isotopes (delta N-15,delta C-13) indicated dietary pat-terns, while measured contaminants included heavy metals (e.g., total mercury (THg)), legacy persistent organic pollutants (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs)), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and per-/ polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). FA signatures are distinct between sub-Arctic and Resolute Bay seals, likely related to higher consumption of southern prey species including capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the sub-Arctic but on-going feeding on Arctic species in Resolute Bay. Sachs Harbour ringed seals show FA overlap with all loca-tions, possibly consuming both southern and endemic Arctic species. Negative delta C-13 estimates for PFAS models suggest that more pelagic, sub-Arctic type prey (e.g., capelin) increases PFAS concentrations, whereas the reverse occurs for, e.g., THg, sigma PBDE, and sigma DDT. Inconsistent directionality of delta N-15 estimates in the models likely reflects baseline isotopic variation not trophic position differences. Adjusting for the influence of diet suggests that if Arctic ringed seal diets become more like sub-Arctic seals due to climate change, diet-driven increases may occur for newer contaminants like PFASs, but not for more legacy contaminants. Nonetheless, temporal trends studies are still needed, as are investigations into the potential confounding influence of baseline isotope variation in spatial studies of contaminants in Arctic biota.[Facciola, Nadia; McKinney, Melissa A.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E5, Canada; [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Ferguson, Steven H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaMcGill University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaMcKinney, MA (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.Melissa.mckinney@mcgill.caMcKinney, Melissa/0000-0002-8171-7534; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776Canada Research Chairs Programs; Northern Contaminants Program [950232183]; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants Program; Environment and Climate Change Canada [RGPIN-2019-05330]; FRQNT [3000719581]Canada Research Chairs Programs(Canada Research Chairs); Northern Contaminants Program; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants Program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; FRQNTThis work was supported by the Canada Research Chairs Programs (M. A. McKinney, 950232183), the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, M. Houde, D.C.G Muir, S.H. Ferguson), the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Marine Mammal Community Collections Program), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants Program (M. A. McKinney, RGPIN-2019-05330) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (M. A. McKinney, 3000719581), and an FRQNT Strategic Cluster EcotoQ Scholarship to N. Facciola.5700<180 Day Usage Count>1818ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0269-74911873-6424ENVIRON POLLUTEnviron. Pollut.NOV 152022313
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120108http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.12010811Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology4Z5ND360847412023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0008622543000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaRivers on Banks and Victoria IslandNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005414
Geochemistry of Small Canadian Arctic Rivers with Diverse Geological and Hydrological Settings
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESHIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; SEA-WATER; DISCHARGE; OCEAN; CHEMISTRY; IMPACTS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; EVAPORATIONBrown, KA; Williams, WJ; Carmack, EC; Fiske, G; Francois, R; McLennan, D; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, BBrown, Kristina A.; Williams, William J.; Carmack, Eddy C.; Fiske, Greg; Francois, Roger; McLennan, Donald; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, BernhardEnglishA survey of 25 coastal-draining rivers across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) shows that these systems are distinct from the largest Arctic rivers that drain watersheds extending far south of the Arctic circle. Observations collected from 2014 to 2016 illustrate the influences of seasonal hydrology, bedrock geology, and landscape physiography on each river's inorganic geochemical characteristics. Summertime data show the impact of coincident gradients in lake cover and surficial geology on river geochemical signatures. In the north and central CAA, drainage basins are generally smaller, underlain by sedimentary bedrock, and their hydrology is driven by seasonal precipitation pulses that undergo little modification before they enter the coastal ocean. In the southern CAA, a high density of lakes stores water longer within the terrestrial system, permitting more modification of water isotope and geochemical characteristics. Annual time-series observations from two CAA rivers reveal that their concentration-discharge relationships differ compared with those of the largest Arctic rivers, suggesting that future projections of dissolved ion fluxes from CAA rivers to the Arctic Ocean may not be reliably made based on compositions of the largest Arctic rivers alone, and that rivers draining the CAA region will likely follow different trajectories of change under a warming climate. Understanding how these small, coastal-draining river systems will respond to climate change is essential to fully evaluate the impact of changing freshwater inputs to the Arctic marine system. Plain Language Summary River inputs are important for the physics and biogeochemistry of the rapidly changing Arctic Ocean. Most of our knowledge of river inputs comes from studies of the six largest rivers which drain areas reaching far south of the Arctic Circle, omitting 45% of the pan-Arctic watershed. This has left a gap in our understanding of smaller, coastal-draining rivers and how these are influenced by the changing climate. We studied 25 coastal-draining rivers in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) for geochemical comparison to the larger, more southerly rivers. Summertime survey data show that geochemical properties change from south to north following the distribution of lake cover, bedrock geology, and glacial history. Unlike the largest Arctic rivers, however, repeat observations over the annual cycle indicate that dissolved ion concentrations are not strongly influenced by changing water fluxes in the CAA region. To fully understand the impact of changing freshwater inputs to the Arctic Ocean requires consideration of smaller watersheds that may change differently compared to the largest Arctic rivers.[Brown, Kristina A.; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Brown, Kristina A.; Williams, William J.; Carmack, Eddy C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Fiske, Greg] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Francois, Roger] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [McLennan, Donald] Canadian High Arctic Res Stn, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, NU, CanadaWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Woods Hole Research Center; University of British ColumbiaBrown, KA (corresponding author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.;Brown, KA (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada.kristina.brown@dfo-mpo.gc.caDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute; G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; Woods Hole Research CenterDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute; G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation; Woods Hole Research CenterThis work was only possible through a network of enthusiastic and devoted collaborators. Partners included Polar Knowledge Canada and the Canadian High Arctic Research Station, the Arctic Research Foundation, the Kugluktuk Angoniatit Association, and the Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES Program. We acknowledge support from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Coastal Ocean Institute, The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, Jane and James Orr, and the Woods Hole Research Center. Many thanks go to Austin Maniyogena, Angulalik Pedersen, Adrian Schimnowski, JS Moore, Les Harris, Oksana Schimnowski, as well as Barbara Adjun, Amanda Dumond, and Johnny Nivingalok, and the captains and crew of the research vessels CCGS Amundsen and R/V Martin Bergmann, all of whom supported our research and helped with sample collection. Special thanks also go to Valier Galy, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Marty Davelaar, Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Hugh McLean, Mike Dempsey, Baba Pedersen, Maureen Soon, Katherine Hoering, Sean Sylva, Ekaterina Bulygina, and Anya Suslova for their invaluable contributions during field program planning, preparations, and laboratory analyses. Robert Max Holmes is thanked for many fruitful discussions. We also thank several anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the paper's content and structure. All of the data presented in this paper can be found at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.908497.911111<180 Day Usage Count>015AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.JAN20201251
e2019JG005414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005414http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG00541421Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyLU8SWGreen Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005380197000210 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, SahtuUlukhaktok, Norman WellsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5768
Geography, seasonality, and host-associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate Arctic mammal
ArticleECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION16S rRNA; Canadian Arctic; fecal microbiome; muskox; Ovibos moschatus; population structureOVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; RANGE EXPANSION; SEA-ICE; MUSKOXEN; COMMUNITY; INFERENCE; RESPONSES; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; TOOLSBird, S; Prewer, E; Kutz, S; Leclerc, LM; Vilaca, ST; Kyle, CJBird, Samantha; Prewer, Erin; Kutz, Susan; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Vilaca, Sibelle T.; Kyle, Christopher J.EnglishThe Canadian Arctic is an extreme environment with low floral and faunal diversity characterized by major seasonal shifts in temperature, moisture, and daylight. Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are one of few large herbivores able to survive this harsh environment. Microbiome research of the gastrointestinal tract may hold clues as to how muskoxen exist in the Arctic, but also how this species may respond to rapid environmental changes. In this study, we investigated the effects of season (spring/summer/winter), year (2007-2016), and host genetic structure on population-level microbiome variation in muskoxen from the Canadian Arctic. We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the fecal microbial communities of 78 male muskoxen encompassing two population genetic clusters. These clusters are defined by Arctic Mainland and Island populations, including the following: (a) two mainland sampling locations of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and (b) four locations of Victoria Island. Between these geographic populations, we found that differences in the microbiome reflected host-associated genetic cluster with evidence of migration. Within populations, seasonality influenced bacterial diversity with no significant differences between years of sampling. We found evidence of pathogenic bacteria, with significantly higher presence in mainland samples. Our findings demonstrate the effects of seasonality and the role of host population-level structure in driving fecal microbiome differences in a large Arctic mammal.[Bird, Samantha; Kyle, Christopher J.] Trent Univ, Forens Sci Program, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Prewer, Erin; Vilaca, Sibelle T.; Kyle, Christopher J.] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Alberta Node, Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada; [Vilaca, Sibelle T.] Trent Univ, Biol Dept, Peterborough, ON, CanadaTrent University; Trent University; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Trent UniversityVilaca, ST (corresponding author), Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, 2140 East Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.sibelletorres@gmail.comVilaca, Sibelle/AAA-4573-2020; Vilaça, Sibelle Torres/K-1965-2012Vilaca, Sibelle/0000-0002-6887-4703; Vilaça, Sibelle Torres/0000-0002-6887-4703; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687Polar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNetPolar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNetPolar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet821212<180 Day Usage Count>110WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2045-7758ECOL EVOLEcol. Evol.DEC20199231320213217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5768http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.57682019-11-01 00:00:0016Ecology; Evolutionary BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary BiologySA8KS31871639gold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004958011000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort shoreline, Mackenzie Delta, Tuktoyaktuk peninsula, Cape BathurstYAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1705179
Biogeographic barriers and coastal erosion: understanding the lack of interaction between the Eastern and Western Regions of the North American Arctic
ArticleWORLD ARCHAEOLOGYArctic; archaeology; interaction; Mackenzie Delta; coastal erosion; biogeographic barriersSHORELINE CHANGE; AMUNDSEN GULF; HISTORY; SEA; INFRASTRUCTURE; TERRITORIES; VARIABILITY; OCCUPATION; IMPACTS; THREATSFriesen, TM; O'Rourke, MJEFriesen, T. Max; O'Rourke, Michael J. E.EnglishFor most of the past 5,000 years, the North American Arctic has seen distinct cultural developments in its eastern and western regions, with the boundary between them located in the Amundsen Gulf region in northwestern Canada. This boundary was traversed by two major migration episodes that define the 'big picture' of North American Arctic archaeology, but for much of the remainder of prehistory, there are only rare indications of communication or movement across it. In this paper, we assess the reasons for this boundary, the evidence for interaction across it, and the implications for cultural developments on both sides. In order to approach these issues, we also attempt to understand the significant gaps in the archaeological record caused by the region's severe coastal erosion, currently accelerating due to warming climates.[Friesen, T. Max] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [O'Rourke, Michael J. E.] Prince Wales Northern Heritage Ctr, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of TorontoFriesen, TM (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.max.friesen@utoronto.caSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [435-2012-0641]Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC))This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [435-2012-0641].6844<180 Day Usage Count>13ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND0043-82431470-1375WORLD ARCHAEOLWorld Archaeol.MAY 272019513SI484501
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1705179http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.17051792020-01-01 00:00:0018ArchaeologyArts &amp; Humanities Citation Index (A&amp;HCI)ArchaeologyKW6YR2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005083291000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveEkati and Diavik minesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103782
Climate-mine life cycle interactions for northern Canadian regions
ArticleCOLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYClimate change; Northern mines; Regional climate modelling; Quantification of impactsBOUNDARY-LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; ONTARIO; ENERGY; WASTE; LANDHashem, K; Sushama, L; Sasmito, AP; Hassani, F; Kumral, MHashem, Khalil; Sushama, Laxmi; Sasmito, Agus P.; Hassani, Ferri; Kumral, MustafaEnglishThis study quantifies the impacts of climate change on the mine life cycle (development, operation and closure phases) of 30 mines located in the northern regions of Canada. To this end, climate projections based on a five -member transient climate change simulation ensemble, performed using a state-of-the art regional climate model, spanning the 1991-2050 period, corresponding to the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 emis-sion scenario are used. A reanalysis-driven simulation for the 1991-2010 period compared against available observations confirm suitability of the model for application in climate change simulations. Assessment of projected changes to mine-relevant climate variables that are important from structural integrity and operation perspectives reveal potential vulnerabilities and opportunities. Active layer thickness increases in the 0.3-2 m range in permafrost regions, coupled with increases in flood probability, as reflected in snow-melt rate increases in the 0.14-6.77% range and increases in the 100-year return levels of daily maximum rainfall in the 5-50% range, suggest potential impacts on the structural integrity of mine infrastructure, such as slope instability and foundation settlement of tailings dams, and supporting infrastructure such as ice/all-season roads. Increases in soil moisture, projected in the 0-11% range, at a few mines, suggest potential impacts on material handling systems, such as increases in the traction factor of the muck-haul and tire rolling resistance, that can lead to low productivity. Projected increases to wind speeds in the 5-10% range for the northernmost regions suggest po-tential impacts on the tailings management facility in terms of increases in tailings resuspension. Overall, this study identified northernmost and northeastern mines to be more vulnerable, with air/soil temperature, pre-cipitation and wind speed being the most influential climate variables. This systematic study, for the first time, has identified potential vulnerabilities of northern Canadian mines, which can inform future high-resolution climate modelling and detailed at-site climate-mine interaction studies that is required for climate-change adaptation related decision-making.[Hashem, Khalil; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Hashem, Khalil; Sushama, Laxmi; Sasmito, Agus P.; Hassani, Ferri; Kumral, Mustafa] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sasmito, Agus P.; Hassani, Ferri; Kumral, Mustafa] McGill Univ, Dept Min & Mat Engn, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; McGill University; McGill UniversityHashem, K (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada.khalil.hashem@mail.mcgill.caFRQNT Development Durable du Secteur Minier-II [2020-MN-284402]; ArcelorMittal CanadaFRQNT Development Durable du Secteur Minier-II; ArcelorMittal CanadaThe GEM simulations used in this study were performed on supercomputers managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada. The authors acknowledge funding from the FRQNT Development Durable du Secteur Minier-II (2020-MN-284402) and ArcelorMittal Canada.8700<180 Day Usage Count>11ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0165-232X1872-7441COLD REG SCI TECHNOLCold Reg. Sci. Tech.APR2023208
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103782http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.1037822023-01-01 00:00:0021Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Geology8M4PF2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0009244483000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14804
Extensive land cover change across Arctic-Boreal Northwestern North America from disturbance and climate forcing
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYArctic; Boreal forest; deciduous forest; evergreen; forest disturbance; land cover change; plant functional type; remote sensing; shrub encroachment; wildfireATMOSPHERIC CO2; ESTIMATING AREA; MAP ACCURACY; FIRE; CLASSIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY; PATTERNSWang, JA; Sulla-Menashe, D; Woodcock, CE; Sonnentag, O; Keeling, RF; Friedl, MAWang, Jonathan A.; Sulla-Menashe, Damien; Woodcock, Curtis E.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Keeling, Ralph F.; Friedl, Mark A.EnglishA multitude of disturbance agents, such as wildfires, land use, and climate-driven expansion of woody shrubs, is transforming the distribution of plant functional types across Arctic-Boreal ecosystems, which has significant implications for interactions and feedbacks between terrestrial ecosystems and climate in the northern high-latitude. However, because the spatial resolution of existing land cover datasets is too coarse, large-scale land cover changes in the Arctic-Boreal region (ABR) have been poorly characterized. Here, we use 31 years (1984-2014) of moderate spatial resolution (30 m) satellite imagery over a region spanning 4.7 x 10(6) km(2) in Alaska and northwestern Canada to characterize regional-scale ABR land cover changes. We find that 13.6 +/- 1.3% of the domain has changed, primarily via two major modes of transformation: (a) simultaneous disturbance-driven decreases in Evergreen Forest area (-14.7 +/- 3.0% relative to 1984) and increases in Deciduous Forest area (+14.8 +/- 5.2%) in the Boreal biome; and (b) climate-driven expansion of Herbaceous and Shrub vegetation (+7.4 +/- 2.0%) in the Arctic biome. By using time series of 30 m imagery, we characterize dynamics in forest and shrub cover occurring at relatively short spatial scales (hundreds of meters) due to fires, harvest, and climate-induced growth that are not observable in coarse spatial resolution (e.g., 500 m or greater pixel size) imagery. Wildfires caused most of Evergreen Forest Loss and Evergreen Forest Gain and substantial areas of Deciduous Forest Gain. Extensive shifts in the distribution of plant functional types at multiple spatial scales are consistent with observations of increased atmospheric CO2 seasonality and ecosystem productivity at northern high-latitudes and signal continental-scale shifts in the structure and function of northern high-latitude ecosystems in response to climate change.[Wang, Jonathan A.; Sulla-Menashe, Damien; Woodcock, Curtis E.; Friedl, Mark A.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Keeling, Ralph F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USABoston University; Universite de Montreal; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of OceanographyWang, JA (corresponding author), Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA.jonwang@bu.eduWang, Jonathan/J-3390-2019; Woodcock, Curtis/Y-2478-2019; Friedl, Mark A/A-3570-2012Wang, Jonathan/0000-0003-2839-0699; Woodcock, Curtis/0000-0001-7860-6254; Sulla-Menashe, Damien/0000-0002-0435-6114National Science Foundation [DGE-1247312]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NSSC18K0994, NNX15AU63A, NNX17AE74G]National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DGE-1247312; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Grant/Award Number: 80NSSC18K0994, NNX15AU63A and NNX17AE74G717677<180 Day Usage Count>1680WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.FEB2020262807822
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14804http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.148042019-09-01 00:00:0016Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKJ2WD314373372023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004867435000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.006
Detection of rain-on-snow (ROS) events and ice layer formation using passive microwave radiometry: A context for Peary caribou habitat in the Canadian Arctic
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTRain-on-snow; Ice layers; Snow; Arctic; Passive microwave; Peary caribouQUEEN ELIZABETH ISLANDS; WATER EQUIVALENT; SVALBARD REINDEER; EMISSION MODEL; POPULATION; IMPACTSLanglois, A; Johnson, CA; Montpetit, B; Royer, A; Blukacz-Richards, EA; Neave, E; Dolant, C; Roy, A; Arhonditsis, G; Kim, DK; Kaluskar, S; Brucker, LLanglois, A.; Johnson, C. -A.; Montpetit, B.; Royer, A.; Blukacz-Richards, E. A.; Neave, E.; Dolant, C.; Roy, A.; Arhonditsis, G.; Kim, D. -K.; Kaluskar, S.; Brucker, L.EnglishOver the past four decades, amplified warming in the Arctic has led to numerous consequences. Of particular relevance, negative anomalies of snow and sea ice cover, glacier retreat, and the extended melt of Greenland combined with increasing temperature at double the rate of the rest of the planet have been observed in the Arctic. Several studies have suggested that another response to the current arctic warming could be an increase in rain-on-snow (ROS) events followed by subsequent freezing and the creation of ice layers. We use recently developed detection algorithms of ROS and ice events using passive microwave retrieval approaches to examine the spatial and temporal trends in rain-on-snow and ice layer creation for 18 islands across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) over the last two decades. Results show that both icing and ROS event occurrence tripled between the periods of 1979-1995 and 1996-2011, with very active years in winters 1993-1994,1998-1999 and 2002-2003. The areas with the most combined occurrences are the Boothia Peninsula and Axel Heiberg, Cornwallis, Banks and Victoria Islands. We then compare the rain-on-snow and icing events to Peary caribou estimates to test whether the algorithms can detect weather events associated with population declines. There has been an important reduction in population numbers of Peary caribou, the northernmost caribou population in Canada, over the last three generations. The major hypothesis for the decline is that severe weather events lead to more difficult winter grazing conditions. The comparison with the Peary caribou population estimates suggest that caribou numbers decrease with increased occurrence of ROS and icing events, where 3-4 ROS events and 12 icing events in one winter season are sufficient to have a negative impact on Peary caribou. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.[Langlois, A.; Montpetit, B.; Royer, A.; Dolant, C.; Roy, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Langlois, A.; Royer, A.; Dolant, C.; Roy, A.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada; [Johnson, C. -A.; Neave, E.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Blukacz-Richards, E. A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Arhonditsis, G.; Kim, D. -K.; Kaluskar, S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; [Brucker, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Lab, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD USAUniversity of Sherbrooke; Laval University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterLanglois, A (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.a.langlois2@USherbrooke.caBrucker, Ludovic/ACJ-3763-2022; Arhonditsis, George/AAI-7897-2020; Arhonditsis, George B/C-6980-2009; Brucker, Ludovic/A-8029-2010; Brucker, Ludovic/L-5412-2019Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084; Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737; Brucker, Ludovic/0000-0001-7102-8084; 544141<180 Day Usage Count>347ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.FEB20171898495
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.006http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.00612Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyEJ1YB2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0003930054000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, SahtuGauging stations at river outflows along the Arctic coastlineNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103577
Heat flux, water temperature and discharge from 15 northern Canadian rivers draining to Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay
ArticleGLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGEArctic rivers; Water temperature; Heat flux; Discharge; Northern CanadaLENA RIVER; SEA-ICE; DAILY MINIMUM; MACKENZIE; CLIMATE; RUNOFF; REGION; BASIN; FLOWYang, DQ; Shrestha, RR; Lung, JLY; Tank, S; Park, HYang, Daqing; Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Lung, Joanna Li Yung; Tank, Suzanne; Park, HotaekEnglishThis study examined heat flux from 15 Canadian northern rivers that drain to the Arctic Ocean and the Hudson/ James Bay. Based on statistical analysis of available water temperature and discharge data, we determined patterns and characteristics of discharge, water temperature, and heat flux in relation to seasonal air temperature and precipitation. We found similar seasonal cycles of discharge and water temperature across the study region, i.e. most rivers experiencing maximum discharge in June/July and highest water temperatures in July/August. The mean flows during the open water season (May to Oct.) vary from west to east along the Arctic Coast (with higher yield from the Mackenzie and Peel rivers), while river flows are higher with warmer water temperatures in western and southern Hudson Bay. The summed heat flux for the studied rivers was about 10.0 x 10(12) MJ along the Arctic Coast and 2.0x10(12)MJ around the Hudson Bay. Among the 9 rivers flowing directly into the Arctic Ocean, the Mackenzie River with the highest flow and warmest water temperature delivered the highest heat flux, i.e. average 9.5 x 10(12) MJ over the open water season during 1960-2015. These observed patterns in discharge, water temperature and heat flux were generally consistent with CHANGE model simulations for most rivers in northern Canada. The outcomes of our study provide critical knowledge of river thermal condition and heat transport to the northern seas, which will be useful for large-scale climate and ocean model development and validation, and climate/hydrology change investigations in the broader northern regions.[Yang, Daqing; Shrestha, Rajesh R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lung, Joanna Li Yung; Tank, Suzanne] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Park, Hotaek] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JapanEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC)Yang, DQ (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Div, Victoria, BC, Canada.daqing.yang@gmail.comShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-6495Environment and Climate Change Canada; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) [JPMXD1300000000, JPMXD1420318865]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [KAKENHI 26340018, 17H01870, 19H05668]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H01870] Funding Source: KAKENEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))This study was supported by Environment and Climate Change Canada, Campus Alberta Innovates Program, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS, 20152020, Program Grant Number JPMXD1300000000 and ArCS II, 20202025, Program Grant Number JPMXD1420318865) , and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (KAKENHI 26340018, 17H01870, and 19H05668) . The authors thank Jennifer Pesklevits (Environment and Climate Change Can-ada) for data and GIS assistance. The authors would like to thank many individuals from Environment and Climate Change Canada/Water Survey of Canada data whose data collection efforts made this work possible. We sincerely thank Minzhen Su and Jasmine Waltho for their assistance with data access.5655<180 Day Usage Count>211ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0921-81811872-6364GLOBAL PLANET CHANGEGlob. Planet. ChangeSEP2021204
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103577http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103577JUL 202118Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyWQ3JFhybrid2023-03-11WOS:0007137150000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research Station, Yellowknife, WekweetiNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007495
Hydrologic and Landscape Controls on Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Across Western North American Arctic Lakes
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESDOM; DOC; Arctic; lakes; boreal; tundraTERRESTRIAL CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INLAND WATERS; MASS; PERSISTENCE; RESOLUTION; RATIOS; BASINS; DELTA; CYCLEKurek, MR; Garcia-Tigreros, F; Wickland, KP; Frey, KE; Dornblaser, MM; Striegl, RG; Niles, SF; McKenna, AM; Aukes, PJK; Kyzivat, ED; Wang, C; Pavelsky, TM; Smith, LC; Schiff, SL; Butman, D; Spencer, RGMKurek, Martin R.; Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Frey, Karen E.; Dornblaser, Mark M.; Striegl, Robert G.; Niles, Sydney F.; McKenna, Amy M.; Aukes, Pieter J. K.; Kyzivat, Ethan D.; Wang, Chao; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.; Smith, Laurence C.; Schiff, Sherry L.; Butman, David; Spencer, Robert G. M.EnglishNorthern high-latitude lakes are hotspots for cycling dissolved organic carbon (DOC) inputs from allochthonous sources to the atmosphere. However, the spatial distribution of lake dissolved organic matter (DOM) is largely unknown across Arctic-boreal regions with respect to the surrounding landscape. We expand on regional studies of northern high-latitude DOM composition by integrating DOC concentrations, optical properties, and molecular-level characterization from lakes spanning the Canadian Taiga to the Alaskan Tundra. Lakes were sampled during the summer from July to early September to capture the growing season. DOM became more optically processed and molecular-level aromaticity increased northward across the Canadian Shield to the southern Arctic and from interior Alaska to the Tundra, suggesting relatively greater DOM incorporation from allochthonous sources. Using water isotopes (delta O-18-H2O), we report a weak overall trend of increasing DOC and decreasing aromaticity in lakes that were hydrologically isolated from the landscape and enriched in delta O-18-H2O, while within-region trends were stronger and varied depending on the landscape. Finally, DOC correlated weakly with chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) across the study sites, suggesting that autochthonous and photobleached DOM were a major component of the DOC in these regions; however, some of the northernmost and wetland-dominated lakes followed pan-Arctic riverine DOC-CDOM relationships, indicating strong contributions from allochthonous inputs. As many lakes across the North American Arctic are experiencing changes in temperature and precipitation, we expect the proportions of allochthonous and autochthonous DOM to respond with aquatic optical browning with greater landscape connectivity and more internally produced DOM in hydrologically isolated lakes. Plain Language Summary As the Arctic responds to warming, permafrost thaw, and variations in precipitation, the distribution of carbon pools within northern high-latitude lakes will also change. Specifically, the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and how it is altered and moved from the landscape to the atmosphere will be highly dependent on local precipitation patterns and hydrology, but these relationships are not well constrained across large regions. We sampled over 70 individual lakes during the summer spanning various ecoregions from interior Canada to the Alaskan Tundra and characterized their dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and DOM composition using bulk and molecular-level analysis. Overall, DOM from these lakes was highly influenced by aquatic primary production but increased in the relative proportion of terrestrially derived organic matter as lake setting transitioned from forests to shrublands above the tree line. We also report a weak relationship between increasing DOC and decreasing terrestrial DOM as lakes become more hydrologically isolated across the pan-Arctic; however, regional trends were stronger within forested sampling areas and weaker in shrublands. With the hydrologic setting of many northern high-latitude lakes predicted to change in the coming decades, we expect the proportions of land- and aquatic-derived DOM to respond as well.[Kurek, Martin R.; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Kurek, Martin R.; Spencer, Robert G. M.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix; Butman, David] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA USA; [Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix; Butman, David] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA USA; [Wickland, Kimberly P.; Dornblaser, Mark M.; Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO USA; [Frey, Karen E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA USA; [Niles, Sydney F.; McKenna, Amy M.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facil, Tallahassee, FL USA; [McKenna, Amy M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO USA; [Aukes, Pieter J. K.; Schiff, Sherry L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Aukes, Pieter J. K.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Kyzivat, Ethan D.; Smith, Laurence C.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI USA; [Wang, Chao; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Marine & Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC USAState University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Clark University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Colorado State University; University of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier University; Brown University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel HillKurek, MR (corresponding author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.;Kurek, MR (corresponding author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Geochem Grp, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.mrk19f@fsu.eduGarcia-Tigreros, Fenix/0000-0001-8694-9046NASA ABoVE project [80NSSC19M0104]; NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON) [AON-1107596]; USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; Sub-Arctic Metal Mobility Study (SAMMS), Global Water Futures, Canada Excellence Research Fund; Discovery Grant Northern Supplement (DG-NRS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry and Division of Materials Research [DMR-1644779]; State of Florida; Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada program [ACCSC: ACCPJ-536045-2018]; Wekeezhii Land Water BoardNASA ABoVE project; NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON); USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; Sub-Arctic Metal Mobility Study (SAMMS), Global Water Futures, Canada Excellence Research Fund; Discovery Grant Northern Supplement (DG-NRS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry and Division of Materials Research; State of Florida; Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada program; Wekeezhii Land Water BoardThis research was supported by the NASA ABoVE project 80NSSC19M0104 and funding from the NSF Arctic Observing Network (AON): AON-1107596 to K. E. F; and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program. Funding to SLS from the Advancing Climate Change Science in Canada program (ACCSC: ACCPJ-536045-2018); Sub-Arctic Metal Mobility Study (SAMMS), Global Water Futures, Canada Excellence Research Fund; and Discovery Grant Northern Supplement (DG-NRS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry and Division of Materials Research through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. We thank Jim Webster, Louis Farquharson, Ben Jones, and Guido Grosse for assistance with summer field sampling in the North Slope. We thank Richard Elgood, Roy Judas, Michael English, Mackenzie Schultz, Jeremy Leathers as well as the Wekeezhii Land & Water Board for their support at Yellowknife, Wekweeti and Daring Lake sites. We thank Ryan Hutchins for his insight on the manuscript and Amy Holt for her helpful comments and R code. We thank Parks Canada and Robert and Barbara Grandjambe for assistance with field sampling in the PAD. We also thank the Tlicho First Nation communities of Wekweeti and Daring as well as the Dene First Nation of Yellowknife. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.12100<180 Day Usage Count>22AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleJAN2023371
e2022GB007495
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007495http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB00749522Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences9A4NC2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0009340352000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, DehchoMackenzie Delta, Peel Plateau, Richardson Mountains, Brooks Mountains, Mackenzie Mountains, Selwynn Mountains, Ogilvie MountainsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60322-w
Icings and groundwater conditions in permafrost catchments of northwestern Canada
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSAXEL-HEIBERG ISLAND; MACKENZIE VALLEY; SOLAR-CYCLE; CLIMATE; AUFEIS; YUKON; WATER; RIVER; HYDROGEOLOGY; TERRITORIESCrites, H; Kokelj, SV; Lacelle, DCrites, Hugo; Kokelj, Steve, V; Lacelle, DenisEnglishIcings are sheet-like masses of ice that form on the ground surface or in fluvial channels from groundwater seepage. Although the presence of icings in the landscape is known, few studies investigated their regional distribution and explored relations with terrain factors including permafrost and winter baseflow conditions. Here, we mapped the distribution of icings in a 618,430 km(2) area of northwestern Canada from a stack of 573 Landsat imageries (1985-2017) and determined using hydrometric data the winter baseflow contribution to the total annual discharge of 17 rivers in the study area. The 1402 mapped icings occur preferentially at the foothills of heavily faulted karstic mountainous regions in the continuous permafrost. Winter baseflow and its contribution to annual discharge was lower in continuous permafrost catchments than in discontinuous permafrost but showed a general increase over the 1970-2016 period. As such, the distribution of icings appears to be sensitive to winter air temperatures and winter baseflow conditions and icings located at the southern boundary of continuous permafrost would be more sensitive to degrading permafrost and the predicted increase in winter baseflow.[Crites, Hugo; Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kokelj, Steve, V] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of OttawaLacelle, D (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada.dlacelle@uottawa.caLacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This project was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant. We thank the two reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript.581314<180 Day Usage Count>113NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepFEB 242020101
3283
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60322-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60322-w11Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsNF4NU32094502gold, Green Published2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005632755000080 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveInuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, northeast of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14539
Insect seed and cone predation reduces reproductive potential of treeline conifers across northern Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHYblack spruce; boreal forest; insect granivory; reproductive potential; seed availability; seed predation; subarctic; white spruceSTROBILOMYIA-APPALACHENSIS DIPTERA; BOREAL FOREST; BLACK SPRUCE; WHITE SPRUCE; DISTURBANCE; ELEVATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; REGENERATIONBrehaut, L; Goodwin, KJA; Reid, KA; Crofts, AL; Danby, RK; Mamet, SD; Brown, CDBrehaut, Lucas; Goodwin, Katie J. A.; Reid, Kirsten A.; Crofts, Anna L.; Danby, Ryan K.; Mamet, Steven D.; Brown, Carissa D.EnglishAimAltitudinal and latitudinal treeline ecotones have not consistently responded to climate warming in the direction and/or magnitude predicted by climate alone, suggesting that non-climatic mechanisms (e.g. biotic interactions) also mediate treeline range dynamics. Through a collaborative research approach, we assessed environmental conditions associated with pre-dispersal insect cone granivory and how this biotic interaction may govern the reproductive potential, and therefore range dynamics, of spruce-dominated treelines across northern Canada. LocationIn all, 10 boreal forest treelines, tundra and alpine, from Yukon to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. TaxaWhite spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.), Strobilomyia spp., Megastigmus spp. MethodsTreeline sites were assessed for presence and magnitude of pre-dispersal seed granivory by insects along with viable seed availability. We quantified stand density metrics, organic layer depth and understorey vegetation composition at each location and, subsequently, incorporated those variables into generalized linear mixed models to establish predictors of granivory magnitude and viability of available seed. ResultsInsect granivory was widespread across sites; however, site-specific patterns of granivory were associated with increased moss cover and decreased shrub cover and stand density. While all black spruce-dominated sites exhibited seed viability rates > 50%, the number of seeds produced per cone varied, suggesting that within-site abiotic conditions and biotic interaction pressures limit successful colonization of novel environments in advance of seed dispersal. Main ConclusionsThe modelled relationships between granivory, seed viability and environmental conditions represent an essential step towards generalizing how and when biotic interactions across subarctic treelines influence boreal tree range dynamics before seed dispersal. Connections between granivory magnitude and site-level treeline characteristics (e.g. stand density, understorey vegetation) will provide a more comprehensive understanding of treeline range dynamics under continued climate change.[Brehaut, Lucas; Reid, Kirsten A.; Brown, Carissa D.] Mem Univ Newfoundland & Labrador, Dept Geog, St John, NL, Canada; [Goodwin, Katie J. A.] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Crofts, Anna L.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Danby, Ryan K.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Danby, Ryan K.] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaMemorial University Newfoundland; University of British Columbia; University of Sherbrooke; Queens University - Canada; Queens University - Canada; University of SaskatchewanBrehaut, L (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, 26 Univ Dr,POB 960, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6, Canada.lucas.brehaut@nrcan-rncan.gc.caAssociation of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; Earthwatch International; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Weston Family Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; [16452]; [16365-2018]Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; Earthwatch International; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Weston Family Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; ; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies; Earthwatch International; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Weston Family Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada7900<180 Day Usage Count>22WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0305-02701365-2699J BIOGEOGRJ. Biogeogr.MAR2023503476488
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14539http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.145392022-12-01 00:00:0013Ecology; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography9B7LI2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0008976976000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01087-6
Impact of 1, 2 and 4 degrees C of global warming on ship navigation in the Canadian Arctic
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEICE THICKNESS; CRUISE TOURISM; SEA; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION; CHALLENGES; DECLINEMudryk, LR; Dawson, J; Howell, SEL; Derksen, C; Zagon, TA; Brady, MMudryk, Lawrence R.; Dawson, Jackie; Howell, Stephen E. L.; Derksen, Chris; Zagon, Thomas A.; Brady, MikeEnglishShipping routes through the Canadian Arctic are examined under 1, 2 and 4 degrees C global warming across four vessel classes, including ice breakers, Arctic community resupply ships, and passenger and private vessels. All routes show longer shipping seasons and navigability as a result of sea ice loss. Climate change-driven reductions in sea ice have facilitated increased shipping traffic volumes across the Arctic. Here, we use climate model simulations to investigate changing navigability in the Canadian Arctic for major trade routes and coastal community resupply under 1, 2 and 4 degrees C of global warming above pre-industrial levels, on the basis of operational Polar Code regulations. Profound shifts in ship-accessible season length are projected across the Canadian Arctic, with the largest increases in the Beaufort region (100-200 d at 2 degrees C to 200-300 d at 4 degrees C). Projections along the Northwest Passage and Arctic Bridge trade routes indicate 100% navigation probability for part of the year, regardless of vessel type, above 2 degrees C of global warming. Along some major trade routes, substantial increases to season length are possible if operators assume additional risk and operate under marginally unsafe conditions. Local changes in accessibility for maritime resupply depend strongly on community location.[Mudryk, Lawrence R.; Howell, Stephen E. L.; Derksen, Chris; Brady, Mike] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Zagon, Thomas A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ice Serv, Ottawa, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Ottawa; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Meteorological Service of Canada; Canadian Ice ServiceMudryk, LR (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.lawrence.mudryk@canada.caZagon, Thomas/0000-0002-3418-3023; Brady, Mike/0000-0001-8263-0951; Dawson, Jackie/0000-0002-3532-2742ArcticNet [100]; MEOPAR; Irving Shipbuilding Inc. [2-02-03-018.1]; MEOPAR; ClearSeas [2-02-03-039.1]; Canada Research Chairs [950-225044]ArcticNet; MEOPAR; Irving Shipbuilding Inc.; MEOPAR; ClearSeas; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR)Model data was produced thanks to the CESM Large Ensemble Community Project and supercomputing resources provided by NSF/CISL/Yellowstone. J.D. acknowledges funding from the following grants: 100 (ArcticNet), 2-02-03-018.1 (MEOPAR; Irving Shipbuilding Inc.), 2-02-03-039.1 (MEOPAR; ClearSeas), 950-225044 (Canada Research Chairs).602929<180 Day Usage Count>1235NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.AUG2021118673+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01087-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01087-62021-07-01 00:00:0010Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesTV5LIBronze2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006715357000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, DehchoTrail Valley Creek, Scotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14863
Increased high-latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYABoVE; boreal; carbon cycle; climate change; productivity; respiration; SMAP L4C; soil moisture; tundraBLACK SPRUCE FOREST; NON-FROZEN SEASONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE; PERMAFROST; CYCLE; VEGETATIONLiu, ZH; Kimball, JS; Parazoo, NC; Ballantyne, AP; Wang, WJ; Madani, N; Pan, CG; Watts, JD; Reichle, RH; Sonnentag, O; Marsh, P; Hurkuck, M; Helbig, M; Quinton, WL; Zona, D; Ueyama, M; Kobayashi, H; Euskirchen, ESLiu, Zhihua; Kimball, John S.; Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Ballantyne, Ashley P.; Wang, Wen J.; Madani, Nima; Pan, Caleb G.; Watts, Jennifer D.; Reichle, Rolf H.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Marsh, Philip; Hurkuck, Miriam; Helbig, Manuel; Quinton, William L.; Zona, Donatella; Ueyama, Masahito; Kobayashi, Hideki; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.EnglishArctic and boreal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget, and whether they act as a future net C sink or source depends on climate and environmental change. Here, we used complementary in situ measurements, model simulations, and satellite observations to investigate the net carbon dioxide (CO2) seasonal cycle and its climatic and environmental controls across Alaska and northwestern Canada during the anomalously warm winter to spring conditions of 2015 and 2016 (relative to 2010-2014). In the warm spring, we found that photosynthesis was enhanced more than respiration, leading to greater CO2 uptake. However, photosynthetic enhancement from spring warming was partially offset by greater ecosystem respiration during the preceding anomalously warm winter, resulting in nearly neutral effects on the annual net CO2 balance. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements showed that air temperature has a primary influence on net CO2 exchange in winter and spring, while soil moisture has a primary control on net CO2 exchange in the fall. The net CO2 exchange was generally more moisture limited in the boreal region than in the Arctic tundra. Our analysis indicates complex seasonal interactions of underlying C cycle processes in response to changing climate and hydrology that may not manifest in changes in net annual CO2 exchange. Therefore, a better understanding of the seasonal response of C cycle processes may provide important insights for predicting future carbon-climate feedbacks and their consequences on atmospheric CO2 dynamics in the northern high latitudes.[Liu, Zhihua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, CAS Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China; [Liu, Zhihua; Kimball, John S.; Pan, Caleb G.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Kimball, John S.; Ballantyne, Ashley P.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Parazoo, Nicholas C.; Madani, Nima] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Wang, Wen J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun 130102, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Watts, Jennifer D.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Reichle, Rolf H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver; Hurkuck, Miriam] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver; Hurkuck, Miriam] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nordiques, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Marsh, Philip; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Kobayashi, Hideki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USAChinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of Montana System; University of Montana; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Northeast Institute of Geography & Agroecology, CAS; Woods Hole Research Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Universite de Montreal; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University; California State University System; San Diego State University; Osaka Metropolitan University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksLiu, ZH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, CAS Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China.;Kimball, JS (corresponding author), Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.;Parazoo, NC (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.;Wang, WJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun 130102, Jilin, Peoples R China.liuzh811@126.com; John.Kimball@mso.umt.edu; nicholas.c.parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov; wangwenj@missouri.eduKimball, John S/B-9234-2011; Reichle, Rolf H/E-1419-2012; Ueyama, Masahito/O-1294-2018; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Liu, ZH/H-7536-2012Reichle, Rolf H/0000-0001-5513-0150; Ueyama, Masahito/0000-0002-4000-4888; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Liu, ZH/0000-0002-0086-5659; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639NASA [NNX14AI50G, NNX15AT74A, 80NSSC18K0980, NNH17ZDA001N-NIP]; Earth Science Division Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) Program; NERC [NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: researchfishNASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Earth Science Division Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) Program; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of flux tower data from FLUXNET PIs. Portions of this research were carried out at the University of Montana and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA (NNX14AI50G, NNX15AT74A, 80NSSC18K0980). Support from the Earth Science Division Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) Program is acknowledged. JDW was supported by NASA (NNH17ZDA001N-NIP).962829<180 Day Usage Count>9129WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.FEB2020262682696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14863http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.148632019-11-01 00:00:0015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKJ2WD315960192023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004945574000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllBoreal forestNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024872118
Increasing fire and the decline of fire adapted black spruce in the boreal forest
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAwildfire; ecological state change; resilience; climate change; tree regenerationNORTH-AMERICA; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; TREE RECRUITMENT; PINUS-BANKSIANA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BURN SEVERITY; PICEA-MARIANA; R PACKAGE; RESILIENCE; REGENERATIONBaltzer, JL; Day, NJ; Walker, XJ; Greene, D; Mack, MC; Alexander, HD; Arseneault, D; Barnes, J; Bergeron, Y; Boucher, Y; Bourgeau-Chavez, L; Brown, CD; Carriere, S; Howard, BK; Gauthier, S; Parisien, MA; Reid, KA; Rogers, BM; Roland, C; Sirois, L; Stehn, S; Thompson, DK; Turetsky, MR; Veraverbeke, S; Whitman, E; Yang, J; Johnstone, JFBaltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Greene, David; Mack, Michelle C.; Alexander, Heather D.; Arseneault, Dominique; Barnes, Jennifer; Bergeron, Yves; Boucher, Yan; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura; Brown, Carissa D.; Carriere, Suzanne; Howard, Brian K.; Gauthier, Sylvie; Parisien, Marc-Andre; Reid, Kirsten A.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Roland, Carl; Sirois, Luc; Stehn, Sarah; Thompson, Dan K.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Veraverbeke, Sander; Whitman, Ellen; Yang, Jian; Johnstone, Jill F.EnglishIntensifying wildfire activity and climate change can drive rapid forest compositional shifts. In boreal North America, black spruce shapes forest flammability and depends on fire for regeneration. This relationship has helped black spruce maintain its dominance through much of the Holocene. However, with climate change and more frequent and severe fires, shifts away from black spruce dominance to broadleaf or pine species are emerging, with implications for ecosystem functions including carbon sequestration, water and energy fluxes, and wildlife habitat. Here, we predict that such reductions in black spruce after fire may already be widespread given current trends in climate and fire. To test this, we synthesize data from 1,538 field sites across boreal North America to evaluate compositional changes in tree species following 58 recent fires (1989 to 2014). While black spruce was resilient following most fires (62%), loss of resilience was common, and spruce regeneration failed completely in 18% of 1,140 black spruce sites. In contrast, postfire regeneration never failed in forests dominated by jack pine, which also possesses an aerial seed bank, or broad-leaved trees. More complete combustion of the soil organic layer, which often occurs in better-drained landscape positions and in dryer duff, promoted compositional changes throughout boreal North America. Forests in western North America, however, were more vulnerable to change due to greater long-term climate moisture deficits. While we find considerable remaining resilience in black spruce forests, predicted increases in climate moisture deficits and fire activity will erode this resilience, pushing the system toward a tipping point that has not been crossed in several thousand years.[Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.; Reid, Kirsten A.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington 6012, New Zealand; [Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.; Howard, Brian K.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.; Howard, Brian K.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Greene, David] Humboldt State Univ, Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; [Alexander, Heather D.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; [Arseneault, Dominique; Sirois, Luc] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Barnes, Jennifer] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99501 USA; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Inst Rech Sur Forets, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada; [Boucher, Yan] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Dept Sci Fondamentales, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada; [Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA; [Brown, Carissa D.; Reid, Kirsten A.] Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada; [Carriere, Suzanne] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Gauthier, Sylvie] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada; [Parisien, Marc-Andre; Thompson, Dan K.; Whitman, Ellen] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada; [Rogers, Brendan M.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Roland, Carl; Stehn, Sarah] Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Park, AK 99755 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; [Veraverbeke, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Yang, Jian] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Lexington, KY 40546 USA; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Yukon Univ, YukonU Res Ctr, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5G9, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAWilfrid Laurier University; Victoria University Wellington; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; California State University System; California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt; Auburn University System; Auburn University; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; United States Department of the Interior; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Chicoutimi; Michigan Technological University; Memorial University Newfoundland; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; United States Department of the Interior; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Kentucky; Yukon University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caWalker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Boucher, Yan/0000-0003-0411-6927; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Alexander, Heather/0000-0003-1307-8483; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; bergeron, yves/0000-0003-3707-3687NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant [NNX15AT71A, NNX15AU56A]; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research (BNZ LTER) program - NSF [DEB-1636476]; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service [RJVA-PNW-01-JV-11261952-231]; NSF Office of Polar Programs [1708307]; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature and Technologies Concerted-Action Grant; NASA [797692, NNX15AT71A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research (BNZ LTER) program - NSF; US Department of Agriculture Forest Service(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service); NSF Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature and Technologies Concerted-Action Grant; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This synthesis is an outcome of a working group meeting held in Flagstaff, AZ in 2017, funded by NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant NNX15AT71A to M.C.M. with support from the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research (BNZ LTER) program funded by NSF (DEB-1636476) and the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service (RJVA-PNW-01-JV-11261952-231). Additional, project-specific funding sources not already acknowledged in the references in SI Appendix, Table S1 are NASA ABoVE Grant NNX15AU56A to B.M.R., NSF Office of Polar Programs Grant 1708307 to H.A., and Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature and Technologies Concerted-Action Grant to L.S. Dedicated research time for J.L.B. was provided by the Canada Research Chairs program. We thank B. Lee and Cryodragon Inc. for graphic arts services.774747<180 Day Usage Count>1441NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.NOV 9202111845
e2024872118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024872118http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.20248721189Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsXA8YT34697246Green Published, hybrid, Green Accepted2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0007209269000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.11.013
Infusing Inuit and local knowledge into the Low Impact Shipping Corridors: An adaptation to increased shipping activity and climate change in Arctic Canada
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICYClimate change; Adaptation; Arctic shipping; Low impact corridors; Inuit; Marine; CoastalSEA-ICE; RESEARCH CHALLENGES; WATERS; HEALTH; PLACEDawson, J; Carter, N; van Luijk, N; Parker, C; Weber, M; Cook, A; Grey, K; Provencher, JDawson, Jackie; Carter, Natalie; van Luijk, Nicolien; Parker, Colleen; Weber, Melissa; Cook, Alison; Grey, Kayla; Provencher, JenniferEnglishShip traffic has nearly tripled in the Canadian Arctic over the past decade and additional growth is expected as climate change continues to increase navigability in the region. In response, the Canadian Government is developing Low Impact Shipping Corridors as an adaptation strategy that supports safety and sustainability under rapidly changing environmental conditions. The corridors are voluntary maritime routes where services and infrastructure investments are prioritized. While a large amount of data from different sources were used to establish the location of the corridors, important local and Indigenous knowledge from Arctic communities has yet to be considered in much detail. The Arctic Corridors and Northern Voices (ACNV) project was established in response to this fundamental gap in knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to outline perspectives and recommendations for the corridors from 13 Canadian Arctic communities across Inuit Nunangat (Inuit homeland) that were involved in the ACNV project through a series of participatory community mapping workshops. A summary of the recommendations for the corridors that emerged from communities is presented including spatial representations for: 1) preferred corridors, 2) areas to avoid, 3) restrictions by season, 4) modification of vessel operation and 5) areas where charting is needed. The findings of the study further reiterate the vital need for meaningful inclusion of northern voices in the development of Arctic shipping policy and governance.[Dawson, Jackie; Carter, Natalie; van Luijk, Nicolien; Weber, Melissa; Cook, Alison; Grey, Kayla] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Parker, Colleen] Nunavut Impact Review Board, Cambridge Bay, NU, Canada; [Provencher, Jennifer] Govt Canada, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Environment & Climate Change CanadaDawson, J (corresponding author), 60 Univ Pvt, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.jackie.dawson@uottawa.caProvencher, Jennifer F/J-2839-2016Provencher, Jennifer F/0000-0002-4972-2034; Weber, Melissa/0000-0001-5916-0656; Grey, Kayla/0000-0001-5284-4932; Carter, Natalie/0000-0001-6698-1110Marine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR); Irving Shipbuilding Inc. [2-02-03-018.1]; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada [3209]; Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP) [1718-HQ-000080]; Oceans North; Pew Charitable Trusts [32331]; ArcticNet; Student for Canada's North; Northern Scientific Training Program; Clear Seas; World Wildlife FundMarine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR); Irving Shipbuilding Inc.; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP); Oceans North; Pew Charitable Trusts; ArcticNet; Student for Canada's North; Northern Scientific Training Program; Clear Seas; World Wildlife FundMarine Environment Observation Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR), Irving Shipbuilding Inc. [Grant number 2-02-03-018.1]; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; [Grant number 3209]; The Nunavut General Monitoring Program (NGMP) [Grant number 1718-HQ-000080]; Oceans North; Pew Charitable Trusts [Grant number: 32331]; ArcticNet, Oceans North, Student for Canada's North; Northern Scientific Training Program, Clear Seas, World Wildlife Fund.643131<180 Day Usage Count>320ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND1462-90111873-6416ENVIRON SCI POLICYEnviron. Sci. PolicyMAR20201051936
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.11.013http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.11.01318Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKM2YJhybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005139884000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveYellowknifeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3328
Limited contribution of permafrost carbon to methane release from thawing peatlands
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEVULNERABILITY; EMISSIONS; C-14Cooper, MDA; Estop-Aragones, C; Fisher, JP; Thierry, A; Garnett, MH; Charman, DJ; Murton, JB; Phoenix, GK; Treharne, R; Kokelj, SV; Wolfe, SA; Lewkowicz, AG; Williams, M; Hartley, IPCooper, Mark D. A.; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Fisher, James P.; Thierry, Aaron; Garnett, Mark H.; Charman, Dan J.; Murton, Julian B.; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Treharne, Rachael; Kokelj, Steve V.; Wolfe, Stephen A.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Williams, Mathew; Hartley, Iain P.EnglishModels predict that thaw of permafrost soils at northern high latitudes will release tens of billions of tonnes of carbon (C) to the atmosphere by 2100 (refs 1-3). The effect on the Earth's climate depends strongly on the proportion of this C that is released as the more powerful greenhouse gas methane (CH4), rather than carbon dioxide (CO2) (refs 1,4); even if CH4 emissions represent just 2% of the C release, they would contribute approximately one-quarter of the climate forcing(5). In northern peatlands, thaw of ice-rich permafrost causes surface subsidence (thermokarst) and water-logging(6), exposing substantial stores (tens of kilograms of C per square meter, ref. 7) of previously frozen organic matter to anaerobic conditions, and generating ideal conditions for permafrost-derived CH4 release. Here we show that, contrary to expectations, although substantial CH4 fluxes (>20 g CH4 m(-2) yr(-1)) were recorded from thawing peatlands in northern Canada, only a small amount was derived from previously frozen C (<2 g CH4 m(-2) yr(-1)). Instead, fluxes were driven by anaerobic decomposition of recentCinputs. We conclude that thaw-induced changes in surface wetness and wetland area, rather than the anaerobic decomposition of previously frozen C, may determine the effect of permafrost thaw on CH4 emissions from northern peatlands.[Cooper, Mark D. A.; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Charman, Dan J.; Hartley, Iain P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England; [Fisher, James P.; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Treharne, Rachael] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Thierry, Aaron; Williams, Mathew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Garnett, Mark H.] NERC Radiocarbon Facil, Scottish Enterprise Technol Pk,Rankine Ave, E Kilbride G75 OQF, Lanark, Scotland; [Murton, Julian B.] Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England; [Kokelj, Steve V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife X1A 2L9, NT, Canada; [Wolfe, Stephen A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Wolfe, Stephen A.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaUniversity of Exeter; University of Sheffield; University of Edinburgh; University of Sussex; Carleton University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Ottawa; University of AlbertaHartley, IP (corresponding author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England.i.hartley@exeter.ac.ukCharman, Dan J/K-9303-2014; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Hartley, Iain P/J-7892-2016; Garnett, Mark H/C-2377-2009; Estop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022Charman, Dan J/0000-0003-3464-4536; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Hartley, Iain P/0000-0002-9183-6617; Garnett, Mark H/0000-0001-6486-2126; Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Treharne, Rachael/0000-0002-3238-5959; Wolfe, Stephen/0000-00UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) [NE/K000179/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000241/1, NE/K000292/1]; University of Sheffield Righ Foundation Studentship; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K000179/1, NE/K000241/1, NRCF010001, NE/K000292/1, nceo020005, NE/K00025X/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/K000241/1, nceo020005, NE/K00025X/1, NRCF010001, NE/K000292/1, NE/K000179/1] Funding Source: UKRIUK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); University of Sheffield Righ Foundation Studentship; Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))We would like to thank C. Burn tor providing the permatrost coring equipment that was used in Teslin and R. Sugar for help with the late-season Cl, flux measurements in Teslin. We are grateful to the Yukon College and Aurora Geosciences Ltd tor logistical support in Teslin and Yellowknife, respectively; and would also like to acknowledge U. Skiba at CEH Edinburgh for the gas chromatography CH, analyses. This work was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) through grants NE/K000179/1 to I.P.H., NE/K00025X/1 to G.K.P, NE/K000241/1 to J.B.M. and NE/K000292/1 to M.W., and a University of Sheffield Righ Foundation Studentship to R.T.396062<180 Day Usage Count>12170NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.JUL201777507+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3328http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE33287Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEZ2NGGreen Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004045454000180 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveYellowknife, BehchokoNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.010
Limited release of previously-frozen C and increased new peat formation after thaw in permafrost peatlands
ArticleSOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRYPermafrost thaw; Thermokarst; Wildfire; Peatlands; Greenhouse gases; RadiocarbonBOREAL PEATLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN YUKON; WHITE-RIVER; ACCUMULATION; FLUXES; DECOMPOSITIONEstop-Aragones, C; Cooper, MDA; Fisher, JP; Thierry, A; Garnett, MH; Charman, DJ; Murton, JB; Phoenix, GK; Treharne, R; Sanderson, NK; Burn, CR; Kokelj, SV; Wolfe, SA; Lewkowicz, AG; Williams, M; Hartley, IPEstop-Aragones, Cristian; Cooper, Mark D. A.; Fisher, James P.; Thierry, Aaron; Garnett, Mark H.; Charman, Dan J.; Murton, Julian B.; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Treharne, Rachael; Sanderson, Nicole K.; Burn, Christopher R.; Kokelj, Steve V.; Wolfe, Stephen A.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Williams, Mathew; Hartley, Iain P.EnglishPermafrost stores globally significant amounts of carbon (C) which may start to decompose and be released to the atmosphere in form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) as global warming promotes extensive thaw. This permafrost carbon feedback to climate is currently considered to be the most important carbon-cycle feedback missing from climate models. Predicting the magnitude of the feedback requires a better understanding of how differences in environmental conditions post-thaw, particularly hydrological conditions, control the rate at which C is released to the atmosphere. In the sporadic and discontinuous permafrost regions of north-west Canada, we measured the rates and sources of C released from relatively undisturbed ecosystems, and compared these with forests experiencing thaw following wildfire (well-drained, oxic conditions) and collapsing peat plateau sites (water-logged, anoxic conditions). Using radiocarbon analyses, we detected substantial contributions of deep soil layers and/or previously-frozen sources in our well-drained sites. In contrast, no loss of previously-frozen C as CO2 was detected on average from collapsed peat plateaus regardless of time since thaw and despite the much larger stores of available C that were exposed. Furthermore, greater rates of new peat formation resulted in these soils becoming stronger C sinks and this greater rate of uptake appeared to compensate for a large proportion of the increase in CH4 emissions from the collapse wetlands. We conclude that in the ecosystems we studied, changes in soil moisture and oxygen availability may be even more important than previously predicted in determining the effect of permafrost thaw on ecosystem C balance and, thus, it is essential to monitor, and simulate accurately, regional changes in surface wetness.[Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Cooper, Mark D. A.; Charman, Dan J.; Sanderson, Nicole K.; Hartley, Iain P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England; [Fisher, James P.; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Treharne, Rachael] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Thierry, Aaron; Williams, Mathew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Garnett, Mark H.] Scottish Enterprise Technol Pk, NERC Radiocarbon Facil, Rankine Ave, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland; [Murton, Julian B.] Univ Sussex, Dept Geog, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England; [Burn, Christopher R.; Wolfe, Stephen A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Kokelj, Steve V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Wolfe, Stephen A.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaUniversity of Exeter; University of Sheffield; University of Edinburgh; Scottish Universities Research & Reactor Center; University of Sussex; Carleton University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Ottawa; University of AlbertaEstop-Aragones, C (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.estopara@ualberta.caHartley, Iain P/J-7892-2016; Estop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Garnett, Mark H/C-2377-2009; Charman, Dan J/K-9303-2014; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016Hartley, Iain P/0000-0002-9183-6617; Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Garnett, Mark H/0000-0001-6486-2126; Charman, Dan J/0000-0003-3464-4536; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Sanderson, Nicole/0000-0002-2225-8446; Treharne, Rachael/0000-0002-3238-5959; Wolfe, Stephen/0000-0001-7255-1184UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/K000179/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000241/1, NE/K000292/1]; University of Sheffield Righ Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/K000179/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000241/1, NE/K000292/1]; University of Sheffield Righ Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/K000292/1, nceo020005, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000179/1, NE/R016518/1, NE/K000241/1, NRCF010001] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/K000292/1, NE/K000179/1, NRCF010001, NE/K00025X/1, nceo020005, NE/K000241/1] Funding Source: UKRIUK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); University of Sheffield Righ Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); University of Sheffield Righ Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))We thank Yukon College and Aurora Geosciences Ltd. and to Bronwyn Benkert and Dave White for coordination in logistical support. This work was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through grants to I.P.Hartley [NE/K000179/1], to G.K.Phoenix [NE/K00025X/1], to J.B.Murton [NE/K000241/1], to M.Williams [NE/K000292/1], and a University of Sheffield Righ Foundation Studentship to R.Treharne. The authors have no competing interests to declare.683637<180 Day Usage Count>956PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0038-0717SOIL BIOL BIOCHEMSoil Biol. Biochem.MAR2018118115129
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.010http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.12.01015Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)AgricultureGA7BVGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, hybrid2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004284905000140 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247416000565
Management challenges for the fastest growing marine shipping sector in Arctic Canada: pleasure crafts
ArticlePOLAR RECORDANTARCTIC TOURISM; CRUISE TOURISMJohnston, M; Dawson, J; De Souza, E; Stewart, EJJohnston, Margaret; Dawson, Jackie; De Souza, Elsa; Stewart, Emma J.EnglishChanging environmental conditions in the Canadian Arctic are associated with an increase in marine tourism. A substantial decline in the extent of ice coverage in the summer season has resulted in greater accessibility for all categories of ships, and the tourism sector has been quick to respond to new opportunities. This increase in vessel traffic has raised significant issues for management, and particular concerns about the pleasure craft (non-commercial tourism) sector. This paper reports on research aimed at identifying change in the pleasure craft sector in Canadian Arctic waters since 1990; exploring management concerns held by stakeholders regarding changes in the sector; and, providing recommendations for government stakeholders. The paper is based on material gathered through an examination of existing data sources and stakeholder interviews (n=22). Analysis was aimed at understanding the rapid development of the sector and potential management strategies, including research needs. Analysis reveals a dramatic increase in annual vessel numbers, particularly from 2010 onwards. Management concerns of interviewees relate to implications of this growth in four areas: visitor behaviour; services, facilities and infrastructure; control; and, planning and development. The paper concludes by describing recommendations in the areas of research needs, regulation, and strategic development.[Johnston, Margaret; De Souza, Elsa] Lakehead Univ, Sch Outdoor Recreat Pk & Tourism, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; [Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Canada Res Chair Environm Soc & Policy, Dept Geog, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Dawson, Jackie] Univ Ottawa, Inst Sci Soc & Policy, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Stewart, Emma J.] Lincoln Univ, Dept Tourism Sport & Soc, POB 85084, Canterbury 7647, New ZealandLakehead University; University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; Lincoln University - New ZealandJohnston, M (corresponding author), Lakehead Univ, Sch Outdoor Recreat Pk & Tourism, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.mejohnst@lakeheadu.caStewart, Emma J/P-7189-2018Stewart, Emma J/0000-0002-1573-9444Transport CanadaTransport CanadaThe authors wish to thank those who participated in this study as interviewees. Appreciation is also extended to Transport Canada for funding, and to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada and Canadian Coast Guard for the provision of data and information. We particularly thank Larissa Pizzolato for her assistance with data preparation. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the Tri-Council Granting Agencies of Canada and the ethical standards of our respective institutions.352222<180 Day Usage Count>222CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSNEW YORK32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA0032-24741475-3057POLAR RECPOLAR REC.JAN20175316778
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0032247416000565http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003224741600056512Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyEL4KA2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0003945889000060 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveWekweetiNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1962240
Measurement of Snow Physical Properties and Stable Isotope Variations in the Canadian Sub-Arctic and Arctic Snowpack
ArticleATMOSPHERE-OCEANwater isotopes; Arctic snow; snow physics; runoff; open tundra; taigaTHERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; BALANCE; TUNDRA; LAKE; SOILLevasseur, S; Brown, K; Langlois, A; McLennan, DLevasseur, Simon; Brown, Kristina; Langlois, Alexandre; McLennan, DonaldEnglishIn northern Canada, the annual peak in river discharge is dominated by the seasonal input of snowmelt. As such, climatic changes that alter snowmelt properties and timing will have cascading impacts on the hydrological system as the Arctic warms. Geochemical tracers provide a tool to characterize the various processes governing the seasonal evolution of the snowpack; however, a lack of snow observations from a variety of Arctic landscapes limits the broad applicability of such tracers and further impedes our understanding of the various processes governing snowpack evolution and its ultimate contribution to the spring discharge peak. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of the natural stable isotope signatures of snow from two distinct ecoregions: open tundra and taiga. More specifically, we describe the geophysical and stable isotope properties of the snow cover at Wekweeti (Northwest Territories), a high sub-Arctic taiga site, and within the Greiner Lake Watershed, near Cambridge Bay (Nunavut), an open Arctic tundra site. Results illustrate a link between snowpack formation and stable isotope distributions at both study sites. Stable oxygen isotope ratios of snow (delta O-18-H2O) show a wide range from -41% to -17% across all snow depth classes; however, heavy isotope enrichment is clearly visible in the bottom snow layers at both sites. Vapour flux from the ground under a strong temperature gradient is considered to be the main driver for this enrichment due to kinetic metamorphism, which is more prominent at the open tundra site. The stable isotope signatures of the bottom hoar layers during winter were found to be similar to river water values sampled during spring and summer, highlighting the need for more in-depth hydrological cycle assessment.[Levasseur, Simon; Langlois, Alexandre] Univ Sherbrooke, Grp Rech Interdisciplinaire Milieux Polaires GRIM, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Levasseur, Simon; Langlois, Alexandre] Ctr Etud Nord CEN, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Brown, Kristina] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [McLennan, Donald] Arctic Res Fdn, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Sherbrooke; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaLevasseur, S (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Grp Rech Interdisciplinaire Milieux Polaires GRIM, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada.;Levasseur, S (corresponding author), Ctr Etud Nord CEN, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.simon.levasseur@usherbrooke.ca4711<180 Day Usage Count>25TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND0705-59001480-9214ATMOS OCEANAtmos.-OceanMAY 272021593137151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1962240http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.196224015Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; OceanographyUC8QF2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006867858000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaSachs Harbour, Ulukhaktok, Tuktoyaktuk, PaulatukNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4865
Mercury in Ringed Seals (Pusa hispida) from the Canadian Arctic in Relation to Time and Climate Parameters
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRYInuit Nunangat; Pinnipeds; Metals; Temporal trends; Climate change2 SEABIRD COLONIES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; MARINE MAMMALS; POLAR BEARS; SELENIUM; DECLINE; FOOD; CONTAMINANTS; POLLUTANTSHoude, M; Taranu, ZE; Wang, XW; Young, B; Gagnon, P; Ferguson, SH; Kwan, M; Muir, DCGHoude, Magali; Taranu, Zofia E.; Wang, Xiaowa; Young, Brent; Gagnon, P.; Ferguson, Steve H.; Kwan, Michael; Muir, Derek C. G.EnglishMercury is found in Arctic marine mammals found in Arctic marine mammals that are important in the diet of northern Indigenous peoples. The objectives of the present long-term study, spanning a 45-yr period, were to 1) investigate the temporal trends of total mercury (THg; muscle and liver) and selenium (Se; liver) in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from different regions of the Canadian Arctic; and 2) examine possible relationships with age, diet, and climate parameters such as air temperature, precipitation, climatic indices, and ice-coverage. Ringed seals were collected by hunters in northern communities in the Beaufort Sea, Central Arctic, Eastern Baffin Island, Hudson Bay, and Ungava/Nunatsiavut regions (Canada) between 1972 and 2017. Mercury levels did not change through time in seal liver, but THg levels in muscle decreased in seals from Hudson Bay (-0.91%/yr) and Ungava/Nunatsiavut (-1.30%/yr). The THg concentrations in seal tissues increased significantly with seal trophic level, inferred from nitrogen stable isotopes. Carbon stable isotope values in seal muscle decreased significantly through time at all sites. Selenium-to-THg ratios were found to be >1 for all years and regions. Variation partitioning analyses across regions indicated that THg trends in seals were mostly explained by age (7.3-21.7%), climate parameters (3.5-12.5%), and diet (up to 9%); climate indices (i.e., Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Pacific/North American pattern) explained the majority of the climate portion. The THg levels had a positive relationship with Arctic Oscillation for multiple regions. Associations of THg with air temperature, total precipitation, and sea-ice coverage, as well as with North Atlantic Oscillation and Pacific/North American pattern were found to vary with tissue type and geographical area.Environ Toxicol Chem2020;00:1-13. (c) Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2020. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.[Houde, Magali; Taranu, Zofia E.; Gagnon, P.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Wang, Xiaowa; Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada; [Young, Brent; Ferguson, Steve H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Aquat Res Div, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Kwan, Michael] Nunavik Res Ctr, Kuujjuaq, PQ, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHoude, M (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada.magali.houde@canada.caMuir, Derek/AAD-7526-2021Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee; Hunters and Trappers Association of Resolute Bay; Hunters and Trappers Association of Sachs Harbour; Hunters and Trappers Association of Arviat; Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee; Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee; Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations); Northern Contaminants Program (Northern Affairs Canada); Environment and Climate Change CanadaNunavik Nutrition and Health Committee; Hunters and Trappers Association of Resolute Bay; Hunters and Trappers Association of Sachs Harbour; Hunters and Trappers Association of Arviat; Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee; Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee; Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations); Northern Contaminants Program (Northern Affairs Canada); Environment and Climate Change CanadaWe are grateful to the hunters in each northern community for their long-term participation in this project. We thank B. Wolki and J. Kuptana (Sachs Harbour), T. Smith and J. Alikamik (Ulukhaktok), and L. Pijogge and R. Laing (Nain) for their help in sample collection and coordination as well as the Nunavik Hunters, Fishers and Trappers Association for coordinating sample collecting in Nunavik and the Nunavik Nutrition and Health Committee for its support and approval of the project. Thanks to the Hunters and Trappers Associations of Resolute Bay, Sachs Harbour, and Arviat, as well as the Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee, the Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee, and the Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government for their support throughout the years. We also thank L. Harwood of Department of Fisheries and Oceans for provision of samples, L. Lockhart (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, retired) for providing the data for samples from the 1970s to 1990s, S. Tanabe (Ehime University, retired) for providing samples from Pangnirtung 1999, and J. Cote for help with data processing. This project was funded by the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) and by Environment and Climate Change Canada.821414<180 Day Usage Count>320WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0730-72681552-8618ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEMEnviron. Toxicol. Chem.DEC2020391224622474
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4865http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.48652020-10-01 00:00:0013Environmental Sciences; ToxicologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ToxicologyOV0KO33025637hybrid, Green Accepted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005773905000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaAklavik, Fort McPherson, Tsiigehtchic, Inuvik, TuktoyaktukYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13558
Merging indigenous and scientific knowledge links climate with the growth of a large migratory caribou population
ArticleJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGYbody condition; caribou; community-based monitoring; demography; icing events; indigenous knowledge; seasonal; snowRANGIFER-TARANDUS; BODY CONDITION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; PLANT PHENOLOGY; ARCTIC REINDEER; MASS; DYNAMICS; WINTER; VARIABILITYGagnon, CA; Hamel, S; Russell, DE; Powell, T; Andre, J; Svoboda, MY; Berteaux, DGagnon, Catherine A.; Hamel, Sandra; Russell, Don E.; Powell, Todd; Andre, James; Svoboda, Michael Y.; Berteaux, DominiqueEnglishClimate change in the Arctic is two to three times faster than anywhere else in the world. It is therefore crucial to understand the effects of weather on keystone arctic species, particularly those such as caribou (Rangifer tarandus) that sustain northern communities. Bridging long-term scientific and indigenous knowledge offers a promising path to achieve this goal, as both types of knowledge can complement one another. We assessed the influence of environmental variables on the spring and fall body condition of caribou from the Porcupine Caribou Herd. This herd ranges in the Yukon and Northwest Territories (Canada) and Alaska (USA), and is the only large North American herd that has not declined since the 2000s. Using observations recorded through an indigenous community-based monitoring programme between 2000 and 2010, we analysed temporal trends in caribou condition and quantified the effects of weather and critical weather-dependent variables (insect harassment and vegetation growth), on spring (n = 617 individuals) and fall (n = 711) caribou condition. Both spring and fall body condition improved from 2000 to 2010, despite a continuous population increase of ca. 3.6% per year. Spring and fall caribou condition were influenced by weather on the winter and spring ranges, particularly snow conditions and spring temperatures. Both snow conditions and spring temperatures improved during our study period, likely contributing to the observed caribou population increase. Insect harassment during the previous summer and the frequency of icing events also influenced caribou condition. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows how untangling the relative influences of seasonal weather variables allows a much better understanding of variation in seasonal body condition of caribou. It indicates that a large migratory caribou population can grow and improve condition in a global context of caribou decline and climate warming, thereby warning against generalizations about the influence of climate on all caribou populations. Finally, it testifies how data from indigenous community-based monitoring can remarkably improve ecological understanding of wildlife sustaining human communities. Where possible, we recommend management practices that respectfully engage with indigenous community-based monitoring, as this can enhance knowledge and relationships with communities, both prerequisites of successful resource management.[Gagnon, Catherine A.; Berteaux, Dominique] Univ Quebec, Ctr Northern Studies, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Gagnon, Catherine A.; Berteaux, Dominique] Univ Quebec, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Hamel, Sandra] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Hamel, Sandra] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Russell, Don E.] Yukon Coll, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Powell, Todd] Yukon Govt, Dept Environm, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Andre, James] Arctic Borderlands Ecol Knowledge Soc, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Svoboda, Michael Y.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Laval University; Yukon University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife ServiceGagnon, CA (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Northern Studies, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, Rimouski, PQ, Canada.;Gagnon, CA (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Quebec Ctr Biodivers Sci, Rimouski, PQ, Canada.catherinealexandra.gagnon@erebia.caBerteaux, Dominique/J-3276-2016Berteaux, Dominique/0000-0003-2728-5985; hamel, sandra/0000-0003-1126-8814Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC CREATE Training Program in Northern Environmental Sciences (EnviroNorth) [370800-2010]; Northern Scientific Training Program (Polar Knowledge Canada); Canada Research Chairs [228343]; Network of Centers of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; International Polar Year program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada [350391-07]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); NSERC CREATE Training Program in Northern Environmental Sciences (EnviroNorth); Northern Scientific Training Program (Polar Knowledge Canada); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Network of Centers of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; International Polar Year program of Indian and Northern Affairs CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC CREATE Training Program in Northern Environmental Sciences (EnviroNorth), Grant/Award Number: 370800-2010; Northern Scientific Training Program (Polar Knowledge Canada); Canada Research Chairs, Grant/Award Number: 228343; Network of Centers of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; International Polar Year program of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Grant/Award Number: 350391-076477<180 Day Usage Count>174WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0021-89011365-2664J APPL ECOLJ. Appl. Ecol.SEP202057916441655
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13558http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.135582020-01-01 00:00:0012Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyPS9JDGreen Submitted2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0005061575000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, Dehcho, South SlaveWithin the range of various caribou herdsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15274-8
Multi-objective optimization can balance trade-offs among boreal caribou, biodiversity, and climate change objectives when conservation hotspots do not overlap
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSWOODLAND CARIBOUMartin, AE; Neave, E; Kirby, P; Drever, CR; Johnson, CAMartin, Amanda E.; Neave, Erin; Kirby, Patrick; Drever, C. Ronnie; Johnson, Cheryl A.EnglishThe biodiversity and climate change crises have led countries-including Canada-to commit to protect more land and inland waters and to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. Canada is also obligated to recover populations of at-risk species, including boreal caribou. Canada has the opportunity to expand its protected areas network to protect hotspots of high value for biodiversity and climate mitigation. However, co-occurrence of hotspots is rare. Here we ask: is it possible to expand the network to simultaneously protect areas important for boreal caribou, other species at risk, climate refugia, and carbon stores? We used linear programming to prioritize areas for protection based on these conservation objectives, and assessed how prioritization for multiple, competing objectives affected the outcome for each individual objective. Our multi-objective approach produced reasonably strong representation of value across objectives. Although trade-offs were required, the multi-objective outcome was almost always better than when we ignored one objective to maximize value for another, highlighting the risk of assuming that a plan based on one objective will also result in strong outcomes for others. Multi-objective optimization approaches could be used to plan for protected areas networks that address biodiversity and climate change objectives, even when hotspots do not co-occur.[Martin, Amanda E.; Neave, Erin; Kirby, Patrick; Johnson, Cheryl A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Martin, Amanda E.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Drever, C. Ronnie] Nat United, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Johnson, Cheryl A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Appl Geomat, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Carleton University; University of SherbrookeMartin, AE (corresponding author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;Martin, AE (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.Amanda.Martin@ec.gc.caGovernment of Canada through the Federal Department of Environment and Climate Change; Nature UnitedGovernment of Canada through the Federal Department of Environment and Climate Change; Nature UnitedThis work was supported by funding from the Government of Canada through the Federal Department of Environment and Climate Change and from Nature United.6411<180 Day Usage Count>66NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepJUL 132022121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15274-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15274-814Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics2X0CZ35831324Green Published, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008248834000320 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveHendrickson Island, YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02921-5
New records of California serogroup viruses in Aedes mosquitoes and first detection in simulioidae flies from Northern Canada and Alaska
ArticlePOLAR BIOLOGYMosquitoes; Biting insects; California serogroup viruses; Arctic; Vector-borneDIPTERA; BUNYAVIRIDAE; INFECTIONS; ISOLATIONSVilleneuve, CA; Buhler, KJ; Iranpour, M; Avard, E; Dibernardo, A; Fenton, H; Hansen, CM; Gouin, GG; Loseto, LL; Jenkins, E; Lindsay, RL; Dusfour, I; Lecomte, N; Leighton, PAVilleneuve, Carol-Anne; Buhler, Kayla J.; Iranpour, Mahmood; Avard, Ellen; Dibernardo, Antonia; Fenton, Heather; Hansen, Cristina M.; Gouin, Geraldine-G; Loseto, Lisa L.; Jenkins, Emily; Lindsay, Robbin L.; Dusfour, Isabelle; Lecomte, Nicolas; Leighton, Patrick A.EnglishAn expected consequence of climate warming is an expansion of the geographical distribution of biting insects and associated arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Emerging and re-emerging arboviruses that can affect human and animal health are likely to pose significant consequences for Northern communities where access to health resources is limited. In the North American Arctic, little is known about arboviruses. Thus, in 2019, we sampled biting insects in Nunavik, Northern Quebec (Kuujjuaq), Nunavut (Igloolik, Karrak Lake and Cambridge Bay), Northwest Territories (Igloolik and Yellowknife) and Alaska (Fairbanks). The main objective was to detect the presence of California serogroup (CSG) viruses- a widespread group of arboviruses across North America and that are known to cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to fatal encephalitis. Biting insects were captured twice daily for a 7-day period in mid-summer, using a standardised protocol consisting of 100 figure-eight movements of a sweep net. Captured specimens were separated by genus (mosquitoes) or by superfamily (other insects) and then grouped into pools of 75 by geographical locations. In total, 5079 Aedes mosquitoes and 1014 Simulioidae flies were caught. We report the detection of CSG viruses RNA in mosquitoes captured in Nunavut (Karrak Lake) and Nunavik (Kuujjuaq). We also report, for the first time in North America, the presence of CSG viruses RNA in Simulioidae flies. These results highlight the use of biting insects for tracking any future emergence of arboviruses in the North, thereby providing key information for public health in Northern communities.[Villeneuve, Carol-Anne; Leighton, Patrick A.] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Grp Rech Epidemiol Zoonoses & Sante Publ GREZOSP, 3190 Rue Sicotte, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 2M1, Canada; [Villeneuve, Carol-Anne; Lecomte, Nicolas] Univ Moncton, Dept Biol, Canada Res Chair Polar & Boreal Ecol, Moncton, NB, Canada; [Villeneuve, Carol-Anne; Dusfour, Isabelle] Inst Pasteur, Dept Sante Globale, Paris, France; [Buhler, Kayla J.; Jenkins, Emily] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Iranpour, Mahmood; Dibernardo, Antonia; Lindsay, Robbin L.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Zoonot Dis & Special Pathogens, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Avard, Ellen; Gouin, Geraldine-G] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, Kuujjuaq, PQ, Canada; [Fenton, Heather] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi; [Hansen, Cristina M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Vet Med, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; University of Moncton; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Cite; Le Reseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP); Institut Pasteur Paris; University of Saskatchewan; Public Health Agency of Canada; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaVilleneuve, CA (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, Grp Rech Epidemiol Zoonoses & Sante Publ GREZOSP, 3190 Rue Sicotte, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 2M1, Canada.;Villeneuve, CA (corresponding author), Univ Moncton, Dept Biol, Canada Res Chair Polar & Boreal Ecol, Moncton, NB, Canada.;Villeneuve, CA (corresponding author), Inst Pasteur, Dept Sante Globale, Paris, France.carol-anne.villeneuve@umontreal.caFenton, Heather/0000-0002-0190-8921; Buhler, Kayla/0000-0001-9520-8784; Dusfour, Isabelle/0000-0002-5265-8432; Villeneuve, Carol-Anne/0000-0003-2450-4804; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada); Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada); Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This study was carried out through the Canadian Arctic One Health Network (CAOHN), with funding from ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada), Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).2911<180 Day Usage Count>02SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0722-40601432-2056POLAR BIOLPolar Biol.SEP202144919111915
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02921-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02921-52021-08-01 00:00:005Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyUC8UOGreen Submitted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006803296000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllBoreal forestNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87343-3
North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSESTIMATING BURN SEVERITY; GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTS; FLUXES; ALASKA; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; INDEXES; SOILSZhao, BL; Zhuang, QL; Shurpali, N; Koster, K; Berninger, F; Pumpanen, JZhao, Bailu; Zhuang, Qianlai; Shurpali, Narasinha; Koester, Kajar; Berninger, Frank; Pumpanen, JukkaEnglishWildfires are a major disturbance to forest carbon (C) balance through both immediate combustion emissions and post-fire ecosystem dynamics. Here we used a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to simulate C budget in Alaska and Canada during 1986-2016, as impacted by fire disturbances. We extracted the data of difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) for fires from Landsat TM/ETM imagery and estimated the proportion of vegetation and soil C combustion. We observed that the region was a C source of 2.74 Pg C during the 31-year period. The observed C loss, 57.1 Tg C year(-1), was attributed to fire emissions, overwhelming the net ecosystem production (1.9 Tg C year(-1)) in the region. Our simulated direct emissions for Alaska and Canada are within the range of field measurements and other model estimates. As burn severity increased, combustion emission tended to switch from vegetation origin towards soil origin. When dNBR is below 300, fires increase soil temperature and decrease soil moisture and thus, enhance soil respiration. However, the post-fire soil respiration decreases for moderate or high burn severity. The proportion of post-fire soil emission in total emissions increased with burn severity. Net nitrogen mineralization gradually recovered after fire, enhancing net primary production. Net ecosystem production recovered fast under higher burn severities. The impact of fire disturbance on the C balance of northern ecosystems and the associated uncertainties can be better characterized with long-term, prior-, during- and post-disturbance data across the geospatial spectrum. Our findings suggest that the regional source of carbon to the atmosphere will persist if the observed forest wildfire occurrence and severity continues into the future.[Zhao, Bailu; Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [Shurpali, Narasinha] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Prod Syst Milk Prod Unit, Halolantie 31 A, FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland; [Koester, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Berninger, Frank] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, POB 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland; [Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, FinlandPurdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; University of Eastern FinlandZhuang, QL (corresponding author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;Zhuang, QL (corresponding author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.qzhuang@purdue.eduKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788NSF project [1802832]; United States Geological Survey project [G17AC00276]; Department of Energy projects [DE-SC0008092, DE-SC0007007]; Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 291691, 326818, 323997]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [323997, 291691] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)NSF project(National Science Foundation (NSF)); United States Geological Survey project(United States Geological Survey); Department of Energy projects(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This study is financially supported by a NSF project (#1802832), a United States Geological Survey project (#G17AC00276) and Department of Energy projects (#DE-SC0008092 and #DE-SC0007007), as well as the Academy of Finland projects 286685, 294600, 307222, 291691, 326818 and 323997.861313<180 Day Usage Count>823NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepAPR 82021111
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87343-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87343-314Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRM3KL33833331gold, Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006395621000430 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaUlukhaktokYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.05.002
Operationalizing longitudinal approaches to climate change vulnerability assessment
ArticleGLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONSAdaptation; Longitudinal approaches; Arctic; Vulnerability; Climate change; InuitSOCIAL VULNERABILITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; INUIT VULNERABILITY; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; SEA-ICE; ADAPTATION; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK; NUNAVUTFawcett, D; Pearce, T; Ford, JD; Archer, LFawcett, David; Pearce, Tristan; Ford, James D.; Archer, LewisEnglishThe past decade has seen a proliferation of community-scale climate change vulnerability assessments globally. Much of this work has employed frameworks informed by scholarship in the vulnerability field, which draws upon interviews with community members to identify and characterize climatic risks and adaptive responses. This scholarship has developed a baseline understanding of vulnerability in specific places and industries at particular times. However, given the dynamic nature of vulnerability new methodologies are needed to generate insights on how climate change is experienced and responded to over time. Longitudinal approaches have long been used in sociology and the health sciences to capture the dynamism of human processes, but their penetration into vulnerability research has been limited, In this article, we describe the application of two longitudinal approaches, cohort and trend studies, in climate change vulnerability assessment by analyzing three case studies from the Arctic where the authors applied these approaches. These case studies highlight how longitudinal approaches can be operationalized to capture the dynamism of vulnerability by identifying climate anomalies and trends, and how adaptations develop over time, including insights on themes such as social learning and adaptive pathways.[Fawcett, David; Pearce, Tristan] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabtl Res Ctr, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia; [Ford, James D.; Archer, Lewis] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada; [Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Ctr Int Climate, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, EnglandUniversity of Guelph; University of the Sunshine Coast; McGill University; University of LeedsFawcett, D (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.fawcettd@uoguelph.ca; tpearce@usc.edu.au; james.ford@mcgill.ca; lewis.m.archer@gmail.comFord, James/A-4284-2013; Pearce, Tristan/L-9139-2019; Fawcett, David/AAG-5824-2020Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Canadian International Polar Year through the CAVIAR project; Canadian International Polar Year through the ACRC project; ArcticNet; Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies; Canadian Institute for Health Research; Northern Scientific Training Program; Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant; University of GuelphCanadian International Polar Year through the CAVIAR project; Canadian International Polar Year through the ACRC project; ArcticNet; Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies; Canadian Institute for Health Research(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); Northern Scientific Training Program; Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant; University of GuelphResearch for the Iqaluit case study was funded by the Canadian International Polar Year through the CAVIAR and ACRC projects, ArcticNet, the Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, and Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, ArcticNet, and the Canadian Institute for Health Research funded research for the Ikpiarjuk case study. Finally, ArcticNet, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Northern Scientific Training Program, the Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant, and University of Guelph scholarships funded research for the Ulukhaktok case study.984445<180 Day Usage Count>128ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0959-37801872-9495GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANGGlob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens.JUL2017457988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.05.002http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.05.00210Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; GeographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeographyFI4AX2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004119128000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaUlukhaktok, Sachs Harbour, PaulatukNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cox052
Qiviut cortisol in muskoxen as a potential tool for informing conservation strategies
ArticleCONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGYOvibos moschatus; stress; hair; Arctic; liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometryLONG-TERM STRESS; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOID METABOLITES; RANGIFER-TARANDUS-PEARYI; HAIR CORTISOL; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; HORMONE CHALLENGE; INSECT HARASSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARIBOUDi Francesco, J; Navarro-Gonzalez, N; Wynne-Edwards, K; Peacock, S; Leclerc, LM; Tomaselli, M; Davison, T; Carlsson, A; Kutz, SDi Francesco, Juliette; Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora; Wynne-Edwards, Katherine; Peacock, Stephanie; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Tomaselli, Matilde; Davison, Tracy; Carlsson, Anja; Kutz, SusanEnglishMuskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are increasingly subject to multiple new stressors associated with unprecedented climate change and increased anthropogenic activities across much of their range. Hair may provide a measurement of stress hormones (glucocorticoids) over periods of weeks to months. We developed a reliable method to quantify cortisol in the qiviut (wooly undercoat) of muskoxen using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We then applied this technique to determine the natural variability in qiviut cortisol levels among 150 wild muskoxen, and to assess differences between sexes, seasons and years of collection. Qiviut samples were collected from the rump of adult muskoxen by subsistence and sport hunters in seven different locations in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories between 2013 and 2016. Results showed a high inter-individual variability in qiviut cortisol concentrations, with levels ranging from 3.5 to 48.9 pg/mg (median 11.7 pg/mg). Qiviut cortisol levels were significantly higher in males than females, and varied seasonally (summer levels were significantly lower than in fall and winter), and by year (levels significantly increased from 2013 to 2015). These differences may reflect distinct environmental conditions and the diverse stressors experienced, as well as physiological and/or behavioural characteristics. Quantification of qiviut cortisol may serve as a valuable tool for monitoring health and informing conservation and management efforts.[Di Francesco, Juliette; Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora; Tomaselli, Matilde; Carlsson, Anja; Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Fac Vet Med, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; [Wynne-Edwards, Katherine] Univ Calgary, Dept Comparat Biol & Expt Med, Fac Vet Med, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; [Peacock, Stephanie] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Fac Sci, 507 Campus Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4V8, Canada; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, POB 377, Kugluktuk, NU X0B 0E0, Canada; [Davison, Tracy] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, POB 2749, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, CanadaUniversity of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of CalgaryKutz, S (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Fac Vet Med, 3280 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.skutz@ucalgary.caWynne-Edwards, Katherine/P-2326-2019; Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora/GYD-6516-2022; Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora/N-9799-2017Wynne-Edwards, Katherine/0000-0002-2944-4516; Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora/0000-0002-1878-1242; Tomaselli, Matilde/0000-0002-5953-6171; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687University of Calgary; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada North Outfitting; Government of Nunavut; Polar Knowledge Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories; Nunavut General Monitoring Plan; ArcticNet Network Center of Excellence; NSERC-Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE); NSERC-CREATE; NSERCUniversity of Calgary; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada North Outfitting; Government of Nunavut; Polar Knowledge Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories; Nunavut General Monitoring Plan; ArcticNet Network Center of Excellence; NSERC-Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE); NSERC-CREATE; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was supported by University of Calgary Eyes High Seed Grant, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Northern Supplement grants, Canada North Outfitting, Government of Nunavut, Polar Knowledge Canada, Government of the Northwest Territories and the Nunavut General Monitoring Plan, and ArcticNet Network Center of Excellence. Juliette Di Francesco and Nora Navarro-Gonzalez were supported by the NSERC-Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) Host-Parasite Interactions Training Program student scholarship and postdoctoral fellowship, respectively. Juliette Di Francesco and Matilde Tomaselli were supported by the NSERC-CREATE Integrated Training Program in Infectious Diseases, Food Safety and Public Policy Student Scholarship. Stephanie Peacock was supported by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship.1121717<180 Day Usage Count>026OXFORD UNIV PRESSOXFORDGREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND2051-1434CONSERV PHYSIOLConserv. Physiol.SEP 1520175
cox052
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cox052http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cox05216Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; PhysiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; PhysiologyFH5OC28948023gold, Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004112156000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveCanadian arctic archipelago, Ulukhaktok, Paulatuk, Norman Wells, east of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74358-5
Range expansion of muskox lungworms track rapid arctic warming: implications for geographic colonization under climate forcing
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSUMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS NEMATODA; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; CHANGE IMPACTS; 1ST-STAGE LARVAE; PROTOSTRONGYLIDAE; PARASITE; CARIBOU; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES; MORPHOLOGYKafle, P; Peller, P; Massolo, A; Hoberg, E; Leclerc, LM; Tomaselli, M; Kutz, SKafle, Pratap; Peller, Peter; Massolo, Alessandro; Hoberg, Eric; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Tomaselli, Matilde; Kutz, SusanEnglishRapid climate warming in the Arctic results in multifaceted disruption of biodiversity, faunal structure, and ecosystem health. Hypotheses have linked range expansion and emergence of parasites and diseases to accelerating warming globally but empirical studies demonstrating causality are rare. Using historical data and recent surveys as baselines, we explored climatological drivers for Arctic warming as determinants of range expansion for two temperature-dependent lungworms, Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis, of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus), in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 1980 through 2017. Our field data shows a substantial northward shift of the northern edge of the range for both parasites and increased abundance across the expanded ranges during the last decade. Mechanistic models parameterized with parasites' thermal requirements demonstrated that geographical colonization tracked spatial expansion of permissive environments, with a temporal lag. Subtle differences in life histories, thermal requirements of closely related parasites, climate oscillations and shifting thermal balances across environments influence faunal assembly and biodiversity. Our findings support that persistence of host-parasite assemblages reflects capacities of parasites to utilize host and environmental resources in an ecological arena of fluctuating opportunity (alternating trends in exploration and exploitation) driving shifting boundaries for distribution across spatial and temporal scales.[Kafle, Pratap; Tomaselli, Matilde; Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; [Peller, Peter] Univ Calgary, Spatial & Numer Data Serv, 410 Univ Ct NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [Massolo, Alessandro] Univ Pisa, Dept Biol, Via Volta 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy; [Hoberg, Eric] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Hoberg, Eric] Univ New Mexico, Museum SouthWestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Tomaselli, Matilde] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Kugluktuk, NU X0B 0E0, Canada; [Kafle, Pratap] Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Res Stn, 1 Uvajuq Rd, Cambridge Bay, NU X0B 0C0, Canada; Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, CanadaUniversity of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Pisa; University of New Mexico; University of New Mexico; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of SaskatchewanKafle, P (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.;Kafle, P (corresponding author), Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Res Stn, 1 Uvajuq Rd, Cambridge Bay, NU X0B 0C0, Canada.pratap.kafle@usask.caKafle, Pratap/GZL-1619-2022; Massolo, Alessandro/AAO-5344-2021; Massolo, Alessandro/I-3437-2012Kafle, Pratap/0000-0002-1214-463X; Massolo, Alessandro/0000-0002-6333-4281; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687Trappers Organization, Department of the Environment of the Government of Nunavut; Government of Northwest Territories; NSERC [RGPIN/04171-2014]; Northern supplement Grants; ArcticNet Network Centre of Excellence [03650-GF099007]; Polar Knowledge Canada [1516-166]; Canada North Outfitting; NSERC-CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) graduate training programTrappers Organization, Department of the Environment of the Government of Nunavut; Government of Northwest Territories; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern supplement Grants; ArcticNet Network Centre of Excellence; Polar Knowledge Canada; Canada North Outfitting; NSERC-CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) graduate training programWe thank Tracy Davison, Marsha Branigan, Morgan Anderson, Myles Lamont, Shane Black, Donald McLennan, Fabien Mavrot, Juliette Di Francesco and Steeve Cote for their help during the sample collection in the field, Angie Schneider, Kamala Sapkota, Auguste Condemine, Mickael Combe and Cassandra Bruce for assistance during sample processing and analysis. We thank Sylvia Checkley, Manigandan Lejeune, Guilhmere Verocai, and Andy Dobson for their technical assistance and for providing valuable suggestions and input throughout the study. We thank James Wang for technical support in the laboratory. We are grateful to Ekaluktutiak Hunters and Trappers Organization, Department of the Environment of the Government of Nunavut and the Government of Northwest Territories for the support throughout the project. The work was supported by funding to SK from NSERC Discovery, Research Tools and Instruments ( #RGPIN/04171-2014), Northern supplement Grants; ArcticNet Network Centre of Excellence (#03650-GF099007), Polar Knowledge Canada (#1516-166), and Canada North Outfitting. PK was partially supported by a scholarship from the NSERC-CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions (HPI) graduate training program.801616<180 Day Usage Count>317NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepOCT 142020101
17323
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74358-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74358-514Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsOH6DQ33057173Green Accepted, gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005826796000570 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllPermafrost regionsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103624
Regional-scale investigation of pile bearing capacity for Canadian permafrost regions in a warmer climate
ArticleCOLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYClimatechange; Permafrost; Convection-permittingresolution; Pilefoundation; Bearingcapacity; Adfreezeforce; ActivelayerARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; INFRASTRUCTURE; DESIGNFaki, A; Sushama, L; Dore, GFaki, Amro; Sushama, Laxmi; Dore, GuyEnglishClimate change is being experienced particularly intensely in the Arctic and therefore adaptation of engineering systems for this region cannot be further delayed. However, one of the major barriers to studies focused on adapting northern engineering systems is the lack of information at the spatial and temporal scales required for engineering applications. This study investigates pile bearing capacity for selected pile configurations for the Canadian permafrost regions (Nunavut and Northwest Territories), for current and future climates, using the very first ultra-high resolution (4 km) climate change simulation developed for the region using the Global Envi-ronmental Multiscale (GEM) model, for a high emission scenario. Comparison of the ultra-high-resolution GEM simulation, driven by reanalysis, with available observations confirms the model's ability in representing near-surface permafrost and related climate variables. The estimated adfreeze contribution to the total bearing capacity, for current climate, informed by the reanalysis-driven GEM simulation, for a 5-m cement pile, is found to be of the order of 15% for regions with shallow bedrock and 80% for regions with deeper bedrock. Application of the GEM climate change simulation outputs, for RCP8.5 scenario, suggest decreases to adfreeze contribution in the 5-30% range by 2040, with the largest differences noted for regions with deeper bedrock. For steel piles of same configuration, although the adfreeze contributions are only about 70% of that for cement piles, the projected relative changes are of similar magnitude. Further downscaling to 250 m resolution using the land model of GEM for the Slave Geological-Grays Bay corridor, where future developments are planned, including an all-season road, enables better estimation of bearing capacity for realistic pile scenarios such as those for bridges (in thick layer of sediments) used for river crossings. Due to the wide variation of pile materials, lengths and installation methods, site specific information can be developed from the framework developed in this study. The results of this study, including the ultra-high resolution climate change information, will thus form the basis for additional detailed investigations on climate -infrastructure interactions and climate resiliency studies.[Faki, Amro; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Dore, Guy] Laval Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Water Engn, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; Laval UniversityFaki, A (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada.amro.faki@mail.mcgill.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Transport CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Transport CanadaThis research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) , and Transport Canada. The sim-ulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.5111<180 Day Usage Count>57ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0165-232X1872-7441COLD REG SCI TECHNOLCold Reg. Sci. Tech.SEP2022201
103624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.103624http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2022.10362413Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Geology3B7IL2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0008281101000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaWithin the range of the Peary caribou herd, Canadian arctic archipelagoYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.7964
Remote sensing, snow modelling, survey data and Indigenous Knowledge show how snow and sea-ice conditions affect Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) distribution and inter-island and island-mainland movements
ArticlePOLAR RESEARCHClimate change; Arctic amplification; seasonal movement; snow densificationSPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; CLIMATE; EVENTS; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; PREDICTION; REINDEER; MAXENT; TRENDSGautier, C; Langlois, A; Sasseville, V; Neave, E; Johnson, CAGautier, Coralie; Langlois, Alexandre; Sasseville, Vincent; Neave, Erin; Johnson, Cheryl AnnEnglishAccelerated warming of the Arctic has reduced sea ice and has increased the occurrence of winter extreme events like rain-on-snow and storms that impact sonal movements and grazing conditions. We used caribou movements between Banks, Melville and Victoria islands and mainland Canada, documented from Indigenous Knowledge, to assess whether spatiotemporal trends in sea-ice anomalies (1983-2019) can be used as an indicator of caribou movement. We used the SNOWPACK model to evaluate how foraging conditions (as indexed by simulated snow properties) contribute to the prediction of caribou presence. Our results suggest that changes in sea-ice anomalies over time have impacted caribou crossings between islands: caribou no longer use areas with less sea ice whilst they continue to use areas with more sea ice. Our model evaluation shows that, when the simulated snow conditions are paired with other environmental variables, the ability of models to predict Peary caribou occurrence on land was enhanced across Banks and Melville islands. Overall, the land models suggest that caribou are more likely to occupy areas with lower density of snow accumulation and a majority of forb tundra with dwarf shrubs for Banks Island and cryptogam tundra, rush and grass for the Melville Island Complex. Our results suggest that future work monitoring changes in sea-ice and snow conditions will be important for understanding the impact of climate change on the distribution of Peary caribou in the western Arctic.[Gautier, Coralie; Langlois, Alexandre; Sasseville, Vincent] Sherbrooke Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Neave, Erin; Johnson, Cheryl Ann] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Gautier, Coralie] Sherbrooke Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, 1434 rue Longueuil, Quebec City, PQ G1S2G3, CanadaUniversity of Sherbrooke; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of SherbrookeGautier, C (corresponding author), Sherbrooke Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, 1434 rue Longueuil, Quebec City, PQ G1S2G3, Canada.coralie.gautier@usherbrooke.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologie du Quebec; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Regroupement des Etudiants et des Etudiantes de Maitrise, de Diplome et de Doctorat de l'Universite de Sherbrooke; Polar Knowledge Canada; Center for Northern StudiesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologie du Quebec; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Regroupement des Etudiants et des Etudiantes de Maitrise, de Diplome et de Doctorat de l'Universite de Sherbrooke; Polar Knowledge Canada; Center for Northern StudiesThis project was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Fonds de Recherche Nature et Technologie du Quebec, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Regroupement des Etudiants et des Etudiantes de Maitrise, de Diplome et de Doctorat de l'Universite de Sherbrooke, Polar Knowledge Canada, and the Center for Northern Studies.9100<180 Day Usage Count>99OPEN ACADEMIA ABSPANGASTORMBYVAGEN 6, SPANGA, SE-163 55, SWEDEN0800-03951751-8369POLAR RES-SWEDENPolar Res.SEP 2202241
7964
http://dx.doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.7964http://dx.doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.796416Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography4P2AEgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0008551961000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveWithin the range of various caribou herdsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138305
Renal trace elements in barren -ground caribou subpopulations: Temporal trends and differing effects of sex, age and season
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTCadmium; Copper; Mercury; Metal; Path analysis; TrendsNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HEAVY-METALS; GREENLAND CARIBOU; CADMIUM; MERCURY; SELENIUM; TISSUES; CONTAMINANTS; LIVER; LEADGamberg, M; Pratte, I; Brammer, J; Cuyler, C; Elkin, B; Gurney, K; Kutz, S; Larter, NC; Muir, D; Wang, X; Provencher, JFGamberg, M.; Pratte, I; Brammer, J.; Cuyler, C.; Elkin, B.; Gurney, K.; Kutz, S.; Larter, N. C.; Muir, D.; Wang, X.; Provencher, J. F.EnglishCaribou (Rangifer tarandus) are a culturally significant food resource for communities in northern Canada and Greenland. Many barren-ground caribou subpopulations are currently in decline, some dramatically; understanding the influence of stressors, such as toxic trace metals, is important. These contaminants enter Arctic terrestrial environments via atmospheric transport from industrialized areas and from local sources, accumulating there in the environment. Understanding how trace element concentrations interact and are influenced by caribou sex, age and season of collection is essential to evaluating trends in these elements over time and differences among subpopulations. We used path analysis to model the direct and indirect relationships between these variables in the Porcupine subpopulation and in barren-ground caribou from the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. Renal cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) varied significantly among subpopulations. Hg was positively correlated with Cd, Cu and selenium (Se) in female Porcupine caribou whereas Cd and Cu were negatively correlated in male Porcupine caribou. Age, season and sex influenced all three element concentrations and should be considered when comparing elements among caribou subpopulations or years. Renal Cd decreased slightly from the Canadian Western Arctic to Greenland and increased slightly over time, possibly reflecting patterns of atmospheric deposition. Renal Hg did not change significantly over time, and differences among subpopulations did not follow specific geographical patterns. Renal Cu declined over time, the changes being markedly different among subpopulations, sexes and seasons. This temporal decline is likely due to changes in diet, which could be driven by various environmental factors. Declining Cu concentrations in caribou is of concern as low levels could negatively affect reproductive success and therefore caribou at a population level. Continuing to monitor element concentrations in caribou is essential to better comprehend potential threats facing the species, and to promote food security in communities harvesting this important resource.[Gamberg, M.] Gamberg Consulting, 708 Jarvis St, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2J2, Canada; [Pratte, I; Provencher, J. F.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Gatineau, PQ, Canada; [Brammer, J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Cuyler, C.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland; [Elkin, B.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Gurney, K.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Kutz, S.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Larter, N. C.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Simpson, NT, Canada; [Muir, D.; Wang, X.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Burlington, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Calgary; Environment & Climate Change CanadaGamberg, M (corresponding author), Gamberg Consulting, 708 Jarvis St, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2J2, Canada.mary.gamberg@gmail.comProvencher, Jennifer F/J-2839-2016; Muir, Derek/AAD-7526-2021Provencher, Jennifer F/0000-0002-4972-2034; Gamberg, Mary/0000-0001-7291-5048; Gurney, Kirsty/0000-0001-8036-4725; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Yukon Environment; Matson's Lab (Montana, US); Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada)CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Yukon Environment; Matson's Lab (Montana, US); Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada)We would like to acknowledge first and foremost, the hunters who provided samples for this research, as well as the Hunters and Trappers Organizations and Associations and Territorial Governments who helped to facilitate the collections. Thanks to the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources for their scientific collection of samples from two Greenland caribou subpopulations and to the CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network for funding those analyses. Thanks to Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program for their support of the collection from the Bluenose East caribou and to the Government of the Northwest Territories for providing historical data. Thanks to Angela Milani (Yukon Environment) and Matson's Lab (Montana, US) for aging the caribou teeth and the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) for providing funding for the program.4755<180 Day Usage Count>316ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JUL 12020724
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138305http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1383058Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyLN1HC322724112023-03-20WOS:0005326951000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaSachs Harbour, Mould Bay, Banks Island, Victoria IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082611
Pathways for Ecological Change in Canadian High Arctic Wetlands Under Rapid Twentieth Century Warming
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSPEATLAND CARBON ACCUMULATION; TESTATE AMEBAS PROTOZOA; ICE-WEDGE DEGRADATION; WET SEDGE TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOHYDROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SEA-ICE; PERMAFROST PEATLANDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGESim, TG; Swindles, GT; Morris, PJ; Galka, M; Mullan, D; Galloway, JMSim, T. G.; Swindles, G. T.; Morris, P. J.; Galka, M.; Mullan, D.; Galloway, J. M.EnglishWe use paleoecological techniques to investigate how Canadian High Arctic wetlands responded to a mid-twentieth century increase in growing degree days. We observe an increase in wetness, moss diversity, and carbon accumulation in a polygon mire trough, likely related to ice wedge thaw. Contrastingly, the raised center of the polygon mire showed no clear response. Wet and dry indicator testate amoebae increased concomitantly in a valley fen, possibly relating to greater inundation from snowmelt followed by increasing evapotranspiration. This occurred alongside the appearance of generalist hummock mosses. A coastal fen underwent a shift from sedge to shrub dominance. The valley and coastal fens transitioned from minerogenic to organic-rich wetlands prior to the growing degree days increase. A subsequent shift to moss dominance in the coastal fen may relate to intensive grazing from Arctic geese. Our findings highlight the complex response of Arctic wetlands to warming and have implications for understanding their future carbon sink potential. Plain Language Summary The response of Arctic wetland ecosystems and carbon stores to climate change is uncertain. We investigate the response of wetland ecosystems in the Canadian High Arctic to twentieth century climate warming. We use proxies for changes in vegetation (plant macrofossils) and wetness (testate amoebae) preserved in the wetland soil in combination with radiocarbon dating to reconstruct the past ecology of these wetlands. This approach allows us to explore beyond the timeframe of monitoring studies. Our results suggest that wetland type is an important determinant of the response of ecological, hydrological, and soil carbon accumulation to climate warming. Our findings highlight the clear but complex response of Arctic wetlands to twentieth century warming. This has important implications for understanding the future carbon sink potential of these ecosystems.[Sim, T. G.; Swindles, G. T.; Morris, P. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Swindles, G. T.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Swindles, G. T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Galka, M.] Univ Lodz, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Geobot & Plant Ecol, Lodz, Poland; [Mullan, D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Galloway, J. M.] Aarhus Univ, AIAS, Aarhus, Denmark; [Galloway, J. M.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Calgary, AB, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; University of Lodz; Queens University Belfast; Aarhus University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaSim, TG (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.gy12tgs@leeds.ac.ukGałka, Mariusz/ABB-1744-2020; Swindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020Gałka, Mariusz/0000-0001-8906-944X; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Sim, Thomas/0000-0001-8604-9996; Mullan, Donal/0000-0002-6363-3150; Morris, Paul/0000-0002-1145-1478Leeds-York Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership [NE/L002574/1]; Natural Resources Canada/Geological Survey of Canada; Polar Knowledge Canada/Savoir polaire Canada [1516-149]; Geological Survey of Canada Environmental Geoscience ProgramLeeds-York Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership; Natural Resources Canada/Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Polar Knowledge Canada/Savoir polaire Canada; Geological Survey of Canada Environmental Geoscience ProgramT. G. S. is funded by the Leeds-York Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership (NE/L002574/1). We acknowledge the generous support of Natural Resources Canada/Geological Survey of Canada in funding our radiocarbon dating and thank the Andre E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory, University of Ottawa, for the rapid analysis. This paper represents NRCan Contribution number/Numero de contribution de RNCan: 20180298. For the Banks Island sample collection, we thank Rod Smith of Geological Survey Canada, Rene Gysler of Great Slave Helicopters and Andrew Durbano. Sample collection occurred during a Geological Survey of Canada Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals Program (GEM Western Arctic) field program. For the Elu Inlet sample collection, we thank Thomas Hadlari, Attima Hadlari, Elisabeth Jansen-Hadlari, Francis Emingak, Braden Gregory, and Nawaf Nasser. Funding for field logistics was provided by a Polar Knowledge Canada/Savoir polaire Canada grant number 1516-149 to Jennifer Galloway and Timothy Patterson and from the Geological Survey of Canada Environmental Geoscience Program. For the helpful discussion and comments regarding the identification and classification of the ciliate Vaginicolidae (included alongside testate amoebae as a paleohydrological indicator), we thank Matthew Amesbury, Anatoly Bobrov, Louis Beyens, Dan Charman, Clement Duckert, Diego Fontaneto, Anna Kosakyan, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Michelle McKeown, Edward Mitchell, Thomas Roland, Ferry Siemensma, and Dave Wilkinson. We thank Lars Hedenas for help in the identification of brown moss species in the plant macrofossil analysis. We thank the contributors to the Climate Explorer site for the re-analysis and station data used in this paper and are grateful to Environment Canada for the extended temperature records for the Sachs Harbour station. We acknowledge receiving isostatic uplift data from http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov website. We also thank Konrad Gajewski for his advice on interpretation of past temperature reconstructions and for directing us to pollen temperature reconstruction datafiles. All paleoecological data is available in the supporting information.1161718<180 Day Usage Count>251AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.MAY 16201946947264737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082611http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL08261112Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyHZ5CYGreen Published, Green Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004688695000200 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllAll communitiesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103662
Preparing for the impacts of climate change along Canada's Arctic coast: The importance of search and rescue
ArticleMARINE POLICYArctic; Climate change; Search and rescue; Emergency preparednessICE; NUNAVUT; VULNERABILITY; ADAPTATION; ACCESS; TRENDS; LANDFord, J; Clark, DFord, J.; Clark, D.EnglishThe Arctic is undergoing transformative climate change, with profound implications for transportation safety in marine areas. Circumpolar marine risks are growing due to ship traffic increases linked to more ice-free open water, as well as increases in hazards for individuals that frequently travel on ice and trails in the region. While recent Government of Canada policies have attempted to respond to the growing risk of marine and coastal emergencies, there is strong evidence that the federal government and communities along Canada's Arctic coast are minimally prepared for the emerging risks. In this Short Communication, we argue that Canada is falling short of its international and national obligations to provide timely search and rescue across the Arctic, to the detriment of Arctic communities. Drawing from recently published reports and literature, we argue that providing additional training, resources, and support for volunteer SAR groups across the region is critical, along with increasing federal air and marine resources committed to the region. Such investments need underpin Canada's approach to climate change adaptation in the North.[Ford, J.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, EnglandUniversity of LeedsFord, J (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.j.ford2@leeds.ac.ukFord, James/A-4284-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Clark, Dylan/0000-0002-3676-6150381010<180 Day Usage Count>227ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0308-597X1872-9460MAR POLICYMar. Pol.OCT2019108
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103662http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.1036624Environmental Studies; International RelationsSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International RelationsJL4RXGreen Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004955187000330 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00685-w
Projected decrease in trail access in the Arctic
ArticleCOMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTCLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; INUIT; VULNERABILITY; ADAPTATION; NUNAVUT; SUBSISTENCE; IGLOOLIKFord, JD; Clark, DG; Copland, L; Pearce, T; IHACC Res Team; Harper, SLFord, J. D.; Clark, D. G.; Copland, L.; Pearce, T.; IHACC Res Team, S. L.; Harper, S. L.EnglishTransportation systems in northern Canada are highly sensitive to climate change. We project how access to semi-permanent trails on land, water, and sea ice might change this century in Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland in northern Canada), using CMIP6 projections coupled with trail access models developed with community members. Overall trail access is projected to diminish, with large declines in access for sea ice trails which play a central role for Inuit livelihoods and culture; limits to adaptation in southern regions of Inuit Nunangat within the next 40 years; a lengthening of the period when no trails are accessible; and an unequal distribution of impacts according to the knowledge, skills, equipment, and risk tolerance of trail users. There are opportunities for adaptation through efforts to develop skillsets and confidence in travelling in more marginal environmental conditions, which can considerably extend the envelope of days when trails are accessible and months when this is possible. Such actions could reduce impacts across emissions scenarios but their potential effectiveness declines at higher levels of global warming, and in southern regions only delays when sea ice trails become unusable. Access to semi-permanent trails on land, water and sea ice in Inuit Nunangat, Canada, is projected to diminish over the next 40 years with lengthening periods of inaccessibility, according to CMIP6 projections coupled with community-developed trail access models.[Ford, J. D.; Harper, S. L.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, England; [Clark, D. G.] Canadian Climate Inst, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Copland, L.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Pearce, T.] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Harper, S. L.] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; University of Ottawa; University of Northern British Columbia; University of AlbertaFord, JD (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, England.j.ford2@leeds.ac.uk; Ford, James/A-4284-2013Copland, Luke/0000-0001-5374-2145; Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; University of Leeds; University of OttawaCanadian Institutes of Health Research(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; University of Leeds; University of OttawaWe would like to thank Jackie Dawson at the University of Ottawa for sea ice chart conversion. We received funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada, University of Leeds, and the University of Ottawa. We thank three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback. We thank all the community members who were involved in the original research from which this paper builds.4600<180 Day Usage Count>11SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-4435COMMUN EARTH ENVIRONCommun. Earth Environ.FEB 3202341
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00685-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00685-w11Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences8O3XLgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0009257703000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllWithin the range of various boreal caribou herdsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21476-x
Protecting boreal caribou habitat can help conserve biodiversity and safeguard large quantities of soil carbon in Canada
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSCLIMATE-CHANGE; WOODLAND CARIBOU; FOREST CARBON; NORTH; MIGRATION; FRAMEWORK; HOTSPOTS; AREASJohnson, CA; Drever, CR; Kirby, P; Neave, E; Martin, AEJohnson, Cheryl A.; Drever, C. Ronnie; Kirby, Patrick; Neave, Erin; Martin, Amanda E.EnglishBoreal caribou require large areas of undisturbed habitat for persistence. They are listed as threatened with the risk of extinction in Canada because of landscape changes induced by human activities and resource extraction. Here we ask: Can the protection of habitat for boreal caribou help Canada meet its commitments under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? We identified hotspots of high conservation value within the distribution of boreal caribou based on: (1) three measures of biodiversity for at risk species (species richness, unique species and taxonomic diversity); (2) climate refugia or areas forecasted to remain unchanged under climate change; and, (3) areas of high soil carbon that could add to Canada's greenhouse gas emissions if released into the atmosphere. We evaluated the overlap among hotspot types and how well hotspots were represented in Canada's protected and conserved areas network. While hotspots are widely distributed across the boreal caribou distribution, with nearly 80% of the area falling within at least one hotspot type, only 3% of the distribution overlaps three or more hotspots. Moreover, the protected and conserved areas network only captures about 10% of all hotspots within the boreal caribou distribution. While the protected and conserved areas network adequately represents hotspots with high numbers of at risk species, areas occupied by unique species, as well as the full spectrum of areas occupied by different taxa, are underrepresented. Climate refugia and soil carbon hotspots also occur at lower percentages than expected. These findings illustrate the potential co-benefits of habitat protection for caribou to biodiversity and ecosystem services and suggest caribou may be a good proxy for future protected areas planning and for developing effective conservation strategies in regional assessments.[Johnson, Cheryl A.; Kirby, Patrick; Neave, Erin; Martin, Amanda E.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Johnson, Cheryl A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Appl Geomat, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Drever, C. Ronnie] Nat United, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Martin, Amanda E.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; University of Sherbrooke; Carleton UniversityJohnson, CA (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.;Johnson, CA (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Appl Geomat, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.Cheryl-ann.johnson@ec.gc.caEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Nature UnitedEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Nature UnitedThis project was funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada and Nature United. We are grateful to Dave Hervieux, Kayedon Wilcox and Adrean Meinke from Alberta Environment and Parks their helpful discussions and data on Arctic Grayling. We thank the editor, Justina Ray and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments during the review process.6600<180 Day Usage Count>88NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepOCT 122022121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21476-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21476-x12Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics5H0FU36224283Green Published, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008673643000360 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaDehcho, North SlaveScotty Creek Research Station, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222
Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic; boreal; soil respiration; carbon; CO2; ecosystem vulnerability; climate changeNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CO2 FLUX; BOREAL FOREST; PERMAFROST CARBON; AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; BLACK SPRUCE; VEGETATION; UNCERTAINTY; EMISSIONSWatts, JD; Natali, SM; Minions, C; Risk, D; Arndt, K; Zona, D; Euskirchen, ES; Rocha, AV; Sonnentag, O; Helbig, M; Kalhori, A; Oechel, W; Ikawa, H; Ueyama, M; Suzuki, R; Kobayashi, H; Celis, G; Schuur, EAG; Humphreys, E; Kim, Y; Lee, BY; Goetz, S; Madani, N; Schiferl, LD; Commane, R; Kimball, JS; Liu, ZH; Torn, MS; Potter, S; Wang, JA; Jorgenson, MT; Xiao, JF; Li, X; Edgar, CWatts, Jennifer D.; Natali, Susan M.; Minions, Christina; Risk, Dave; Arndt, Kyle; Zona, Donatella; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Rocha, Adrian, V; Sonnentag, Oliver; Helbig, Manuel; Kalhori, Aram; Oechel, Walt; Ikawa, Hiroki; Ueyama, Masahito; Suzuki, Rikie; Kobayashi, Hideki; Celis, Gerardo; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Humphreys, Elyn; Kim, Yongwon; Lee, Bang-Yong; Goetz, Scott; Madani, Nima; Schiferl, Luke D.; Commane, Roisin; Kimball, John S.; Liu, Zhihua; Torn, Margaret S.; Potter, Stefano; Wang, Jonathan A.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Xiao, Jingfeng; Li, Xing; Edgar, ColinEnglishSoil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we first compiled a new CO2 flux database for permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems in Alaska and Northwest Canada. We then used the CO2 database, multi-sensor satellite imagery, and random forest models to assess the regional magnitude of soil respiration. The flux database includes a new Soil Respiration Station network of chamber-based fluxes, and fluxes from eddy covariance towers. Our site-level data, spanning September 2016 to August 2017, revealed that the largest soil respiration emissions occurred during the summer (June-August) and that summer fluxes were higher in boreal sites (1.87 +/- 0.67 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1)) relative to tundra (0.94 +/- 0.4 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1)). We also observed considerable emissions (boreal: 0.24 +/- 0.2 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1); tundra: 0.18 +/- 0.16 g CO2-C m(-2) d(-1)) from soils during the winter (November-March) despite frozen surface conditions. Our model estimates indicated an annual region-wide loss from soil respiration of 591 +/- 120 Tg CO2-C during the 2016-2017 period. Summer months contributed to 58% of the regional soil respiration, winter months contributed to 15%, and the shoulder months contributed to 27%. In total, soil respiration offset 54% of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) across the study domain. We also found that in tundra environments, transitional tundra/boreal ecotones, and in landscapes recently affected by fire, soil respiration often exceeded GPP, resulting in a net annual source of CO2 to the atmosphere. As this region continues to warm, soil respiration may increasingly offset GPP, further amplifying global climate change.[Watts, Jennifer D.; Natali, Susan M.; Potter, Stefano] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Minions, Christina] Univ Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Risk, Dave] St Francis Xavier Univ, 4130 Univ Ave, Antigonish, NS, Canada; [Arndt, Kyle] Univ New Hampshire, 105 Main St, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Zona, Donatella; Oechel, Walt] San Diego State Univ, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Edgar, Colin] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, 2140 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Rocha, Adrian, V] Univ Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sci Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, POB 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, 6310 Coburg Rd, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Kalhori, Aram] Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Ikawa, Hiroki] NARO, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Naka Ku, 1-1 Gakuen Cho, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Suzuki, Rikie; Kobayashi, Hideki] JAMSTEC Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Kanazawa Ku, 3172-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; [Celis, Gerardo] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Celis, Gerardo; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Goetz, Scott] No Arizona Univ, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Kim, Yongwon] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr IARC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Lee, Bang-Yong] Korea Polar Res Inst, 26 Songdomirae Ro, Incheon, South Korea; [Madani, Nima] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Schiferl, Luke D.; Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Kimball, John S.; Liu, Zhihua] Univ Montana, NTSG, ISB 415,32 Campus Dr, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 084 M-S 74R316C,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Wang, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, 2332 Cordes Way, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; [Xiao, Jingfeng; Li, Xing] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USAUniversity of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Saint Francis Xavier University - Canada; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Notre Dame; Universite de Montreal; Dalhousie University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Osaka Metropolitan University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Northern Arizona University; Carleton University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Columbia University; University of Montana System; University of Montana; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New HampshireWatts, JD (corresponding author), Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.jwatts@woodwellclimate.orgArndt, Kyle/ABC-2565-2021; Commane, Roisin/O-3497-2019; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Torn, Margaret/CAF-8960-2022; Wang, Jonathan/J-3390-2019; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015Arndt, Kyle/0000-0003-4158-2054; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Torn, Margaret/0000-0002-8174-0099; Wang, Jonathan/0000-0003-2839-0699; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Kalhori, Aram/0000-0002-0652-8987; Natali, Susan/0000-0002-3010-2994NASA ABoVE [NNX15AT81A, 80NSSC19M0209]; NASA New Investigator Program [NNH17ZDA001N]; S M N, S P and J D W from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Korea Polar Research Institute; NASA Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future National Climate Assessments [NNX16AG61G]; Japan MEXT ArCS II project [JPMXD1420318865]; M U by the ArCS project [JPMXD1300000000]; NSF LTREB Grant [1556772]; University of Notre Dame; National Parks Inventory and Monitoring Program; National Science Foundation Bonanza Creek LTER program [1026415]; NNA LTREB: The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) Observatory: Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Balance and Old Carbon Loss as a Consequence of Permafrost Degradation [1754839]; National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT) [NRF-2021M1A5A1065425, KOPRI-PN21011]; NASA ABoVE logistics office; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA [905010, NNX16AG61G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P002552/1, NE/P003028/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: UKRINASA ABoVE; NASA New Investigator Program(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); S M N, S P and J D W from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Korea Polar Research Institute(Korea Polar Research Institute of Marine Research Placement (KOPRI)); NASA Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future National Climate Assessments; Japan MEXT ArCS II project; M U by the ArCS project; NSF LTREB Grant; University of Notre Dame; National Parks Inventory and Monitoring Program; National Science Foundation Bonanza Creek LTER program(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NNA LTREB: The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) Observatory: Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Balance and Old Carbon Loss as a Consequence of Permafrost Degradation; National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT)(National Research Foundation of KoreaMinistry of Science & ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea); NASA ABoVE logistics office; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))J D W, S M N and S J G acknowledge support from NASA ABoVE (NNX15AT81A; 80NSSC19M0209); J D W from the NASA New Investigator Program (NNH17ZDA001N); S M N, S P and J D W from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Y K and B Y L from the Korea Polar Research Institute. J X and X L were supported by NASA Climate Indicators and Data Products for Future National Climate Assessments (NNX16AG61G). H I, M U, and H K were supported by the Japan MEXT ArCS II project (JPMXD1420318865) and M U by the ArCS project (JPMXD1300000000). A V R was supported by NSF LTREB Grant #1556772 to the University of Notre Dame. E A G Schuur recognizes support from the National Parks Inventory and Monitoring Program; National Science Foundation Bonanza Creek LTER program, Award #1026415; NNA LTREB: The Arctic Carbon and Climate (ACCLIMATE) Observatory: Tundra Ecosystem Carbon Balance and Old Carbon Loss as a Consequence of Permafrost Degradation (Award #1754839). A component of this research (for Y K) was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; the Ministry of Science and ICT) NRF-2021M1A5A1065425) (KOPRI-PN21011). Special thanks to the NASA ABoVE logistics office for field activity support. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center.881111<180 Day Usage Count>1248IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.AUG2021168
84051
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac122212Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesTU5CQGreen Published, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006810548000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelago, Banks IslandNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2016.1274200
Spatialization of the SNOWPACK snow model for the Canadian Arctic to assess Peary caribou winter grazing conditions
ArticlePHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYSnow; caribou; grazing conditions; Arctic; climate change impactsISLANDS; CLIMATE; LAYER; ICEOuellet, F; Langlois, A; Blukacz-Richards, EA; Johnson, CA; Royer, A; Neave, E; Larter, NCOuellet, F.; Langlois, A.; Blukacz-Richards, E. A.; Johnson, C. A.; Royer, A.; Neave, E.; Larter, N. C.EnglishPeary caribou is the northernmost designatable unit for caribou species, and its population has declined by about 70% over the last three generations. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada identified difficult grazing conditions through the snow cover as being the most significant factor contributing to this decline. This study focuses on a spatially explicit assessment tool using snow model simulations (Swiss SNOWPACK model driven in an off-line mode by spatialized meteorological forcing data generated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model) to characterize snow conditions for Peary caribou grazing in the Canadian Arctic. The life cycle of Peary caribou has been subdivided into three critical periods: summer foraging and fall breeding (July-October), winter foraging (NovemberMarch), and spring calving (April-June). Winter snow conditions are analyzed and snow simulations compared to Peary caribou island counts to identify a snow parameter that could potentially act as a proxy for grazing conditions and explain fluctuations in Peary caribou numbers. This analysis concludes that caribou counts are affected by simulated snow density values > 300 kg m(-3). A software tool mapping possibly favorable and unfavorable grazing conditions based on snow is proposed at a regional scale across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Specific output examples are given to show the utility of the tool, mapping pixels with cumulative snow thickness above densities of 300 kg m(-3), where cumulative seasonal thicknesses > 7000 cm are considered unfavorable.[Ouellet, F.; Langlois, A.; Royer, A.] Univ Sherbrooke, GRIMP, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Ouellet, F.; Langlois, A.; Royer, A.] Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Blukacz-Richards, E. A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Johnson, C. A.; Neave, E.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Larter, N. C.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Simpson, NT, CanadaUniversity of Sherbrooke; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaOuellet, F (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, GRIMP, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada.;Ouellet, F (corresponding author), Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.felix.ouellet@usherbrooke.caEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Environment and Climate Change Canada; Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was supported by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).3499<180 Day Usage Count>218TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND0272-36461930-0557PHYS GEOGRPhys. Geogr.2017382143158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2016.1274200http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2016.127420016Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEO5TQ2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0003967562000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveWithin the ranges of various caribou herdsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations
ArticleECOSPHEREArctic; climate; herbivore; lagged effects; phenology; Rangifer; weatherRANGIFER-TARANDUS-GROENLANDICUS; MIGRATORY CARIBOU; BODY-MASS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INSECT HARASSMENT; ARCTIC ECOSYSTEM; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; CHANGE IMPACTS; HABITAT USEGurarie, E; Hebblewhite, M; Joly, K; Kelly, AP; Adamczewski, J; Davidson, SC; Davison, T; Gunn, A; Suitor, MJ; Fagan, WF; Boelman, NGurarie, Eliezer; Hebblewhite, Mark; Joly, Kyle; Kelly, Allicia P.; Adamczewski, Jan; Davidson, Sarah C.; Davison, Tracy; Gunn, Anne; Suitor, Michael J.; Fagan, William F.; Boelman, NatalieEnglishThe Arctic has been warming rapidly, affecting ecological processes across the region. Caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a keystone Arctic species undergoing declines in many parts of its range, but definitive links between climate and populations remain elusive. The conspicuous and dramatic mass migration of many caribou populations, during which nearly all pregnant females move from wintering ranges to calving grounds shortly before giving birth, may be an important link between climate and caribou populations. The drivers of migration, however, are similarly mysterious. It is unknown, for example, whether caribou respond to immediate phenological cues, anticipate conditions on calving grounds, or are driven by lagged effects related to physical condition. To investigate the drivers of migration, we analyzed movement data from over 1000 individual caribou from seven major herds, spanning 3000 km across Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories (NWT), and Nunavut in Canada, from 1995 to 2017. We developed a hierarchical model to estimate migration departure and arrival times, and analyzed these variables against global climate indices and local weather conditions, exploring immediate and lagged effects, as well as snowmelt timing and vegetation indices. We discovered a continent-wide synchrony in spring migration departure times, driven mainly by large-scale, ocean-driven climate indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation). However, we also found that the speed of migration was highly plastic with later migration departure times followed by shorter migration durations. This plasticity made arrival timing independent of departure timing and its respective drivers. Rather, arrival timing depended strongly on weather conditions from the previous summer: cooler and windier summers generally led to earlier arrival at calving grounds the following year. We suggest that maternal body condition, mainly influenced by conditions that limit insect harassment, is a major factor for earlier spring migration arrival timing, and therefore earlier calving and higher survival rates. We place these results in the context of mechanistic links between climate and caribou population dynamics. Long-term and large-scale observations of migratory animals can provide insights into the mechanisms by which long-distance, collective migrants may adapt to dynamic and unpredictable environments.[Gurarie, Eliezer; Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer; Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Joly, Kyle] Natl Pk Serv, Gates Arctic Natl Pk & Preserve, Arctic Inventory & Monitoring Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; [Kelly, Allicia P.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Smith, NT, Canada; [Adamczewski, Jan] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Davidson, Sarah C.] Max Planck Inst Anim Behav, Obstberg 1, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany; [Davidson, Sarah C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Davison, Tracy] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Inuvik, NT, Canada; [Gunn, Anne] Circumarct Rangifer Monitoring & Assessment Netwo, Salt Spring Isl, BC V8K 1V1, Canada; [Suitor, Michael J.] Yukon Govt, Environm Yukon, Fish & Wildlife Branch, Dawson City, NT, Canada; [Boelman, Natalie] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USAUniversity System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Montana System; University of Montana; United States Department of the Interior; Max Planck Society; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Columbia UniversityGurarie, E (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Gurarie, E (corresponding author), Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.egurarie@umd.eduHebblewhite, Mark/AAI-8101-2020; hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; Gurarie, Eliezer/AGI-0958-2022Hebblewhite, Mark/0000-0001-5382-1361; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674; joly, kyle/0000-0001-8420-7452; Boelman, Natalie/0000-0003-3716-2372Alaska Department of Fish and Game; US National Park Service; Government of Northwest Territories; Yukon Territorial Government; NASA ABoVE Animals on the Move [NNX15AU20A, NNX15AW71A]; National Park Services CESU [P18AC00229]; US National Science Foundation [ABI-1458748, DBI-1915347]; NASA [NNX15AT91A]; NASA [NNX15AU20A, 800671, NNX15AT91A, 797160] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERAlaska Department of Fish and Game; US National Park Service; Government of Northwest Territories; Yukon Territorial Government; NASA ABoVE Animals on the Move; National Park Services CESU; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))The authors acknowledge first and foremost the field workers, collaborators, and local community members that engaged in the capture and collaring of the caribou. Funding for capture and collaring was provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, US National Park Service, Government of Northwest Territories and Yukon Territorial Government. The data collation, analysis, and writing were funded primarily by NASA ABoVE Animals on the Move (grants NNX15AU20A and NNX15AW71A) to NB, MH, EG, SD. EG was further supported with a National Park Services CESU (grant P18AC00229), and EG and WF were partially funded by US National Science Foundation (grant ABI-1458748 and DBI-1915347). SD was also supported by NASA grant NNX15AT91A. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.1493134<180 Day Usage Count>640WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereDEC20191012
e02971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.297132EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKG5UGgold2023-03-09WOS:0005100157000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, SahtuCanadian arctic archipelago, Norman WellsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2946-x
Temperature-dependent development and freezing survival of protostrongylid nematodes of Arctic ungulates: implications for transmission
ArticlePARASITES & VECTORSUmingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis; Varestrongylus eleguneniensis; Threshold temperature; Degree-days; Freeze tolerance; Arctic; Lungworm; Climate change; Invasion; Ovibos; RangiferCLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS NEMATODA; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; MUSKOXEN OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; COLD-TOLERANCE; ELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-RANGIFERI; INTERMEDIATE HOST; ECOLOGY; LARVAE; MODELKafle, P; Peacock, SJ; Grond, S; Orsel, K; Kutz, SKafle, Pratap; Peacock, Stephanie J.; Grond, Sarah; Orsel, Karin; Kutz, SusanEnglishBackground: Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and Varestrongylus eleguneniensis are two potentially pathogenic lungworms of caribou and muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic. These parasites are currently undergoing northward range expansion at differential rates. It is hypothesized that their invasion and spread to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are in part driven by climate warming. However, very little is known regarding their physiological ecology, limiting our ability to parameterize ecological models to test these hypotheses and make meaningful predictions. In this study, the developmental parameters of V. eleguneniensis inside a gastropod intermediate host were determined and freezing survival of U. pallikuukensis and V. eleguneniensis were compared. Methods: Slug intermediate hosts, Deroceras laeve, were collected from their natural habitat and experimentally infected with first-stage larvae (L1) of V. eleguneniensis. Development of L1 to third-stage larvae (L3) in D. laeve was studied at constant temperature treatments from 8.5 to 24 degrees C. To determine freezing survival, freshly collected L1 of both parasite species were held in water at subzero temperatures from -10 to -80 degrees C, and the number of L1 surviving were counted at 2, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days. Results: The lower threshold temperature (T-0) below which the larvae of V. eleguneniensis did not develop into L3 was 9.54 degrees C and the degree-days required for development (DD) was 171.25. Both U. pallikuukensis and V. eleguneniensis showed remarkable freeze tolerance: more than 80% of L1 survived across all temperatures and durations. Larval survival decreased with freezing duration but did not differ between the two species. Conclusion: Both U. pallikuukensis and V. eleguneniensis have high freezing survival that allows them to survive severe Arctic winters. The higher T-0 and DD of V. eleguneniensis compared to U. pallikuukensis may contribute to the comparatively slower range expansion of the former. Our study advances knowledge of Arctic parasitology and provides ecological and physiological data that can be useful for parameterizing ecological models.[Kafle, Pratap; Orsel, Karin; Kutz, Susan] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Peacock, Stephanie J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Fac Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Grond, Sarah] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USAUniversity of Calgary; University of Calgary; Princeton UniversityKafle, P (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada.pkafle@ucalgary.caKafle, Pratap/GZL-1619-2022Kafle, Pratap/0000-0002-1214-463X; Orsel, Karin/0000-0002-6499-5188; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions Grant; NSERC Postdoctoral fellowship; Canadian Studies Funding and Health Grand Challenge Program; NSERC Discovery, Northern Supplement, and Research Tools and Instruments [RGPIN/04171-2014]; ArcticNet Network Center of Excellence [03650-GF099007]NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions Grant; NSERC Postdoctoral fellowship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Studies Funding and Health Grand Challenge Program; NSERC Discovery, Northern Supplement, and Research Tools and Instruments; ArcticNet Network Center of ExcellenceThe work was supported by scholarships to PK from the NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interactions Grant, NSERC Postdoctoral fellowship to SJP and Leslie K. Johnson Senior Thesis funding, Canadian Studies Funding and Health Grand Challenge Program (Princeton University) funding to SG. The research was supported by funding to SK from NSERC Discovery, Northern Supplement, and Research Tools and Instruments (Grant number: RGPIN/04171-2014) and ArcticNet Network Center of Excellence (Grant number: 03650-GF099007).671414<180 Day Usage Count>117BMCLONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1756-3305PARASITE VECTORParasites VectorsJUL 9201811
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2946-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2946-x12Parasitology; Tropical MedicineScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Parasitology; Tropical MedicineGM6VF29986762Green Published, gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004383145000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllWithin the ranges of various caribou herdsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.001
The biogeography of the caribou lungworm, Varestrongylus eleguneniensis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) across northern North America
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFEArctic parasitology; Climate change; Geographic distribution; Metastrongyloidea; Nearctic; RangiferRANGIFER-TARANDUS-CARIBOU; PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-ANDERSONI NEMATODA; WHITE-TAILED DEER; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; UMINGMAKSTRONGYLUS-PALLIKUUKENSIS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; WOODLAND CARIBOU; DALLS SHEEP; HOSTVerocai, GG; Hoberg, EP; Simard, M; Beckmen, KB; Musiani, M; Wasser, S; Cuyler, C; Manseau, M; Chaudhry, UN; Kashivakura, CK; Gilleard, JS; Kutz, SJVerocai, Guilherme G.; Hoberg, Eric P.; Simard, Manon; Beckmen, Kimberlee B.; Musiani, Marco; Wasser, Sam; Cuyler, Christine; Manseau, Micheline; Chaudhry, Umer N.; Kashivakura, Cyntia K.; Gilleard, John S.; Kutz, Susan J.EnglishVarestrongylus eleguneniensis (Nematoda; Protostrongylidae) is a recently described species of lungworm that infects caribou (Rangifer tarandus), muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) and moose (Alces americanus) across northern North America. Herein we explore the geographic distribution of V. eleguneniensis through geographically extensive sampling and discuss the biogeography of this multi-host parasite. We analyzed fecal samples of three caribou subspecies (n = 1485), two muskox subspecies (n = 159), and two moose subspecies (n = 264) from across northern North America. Protostrongylid dorsal-spined larvae (DSL) were found in 23.8%, 73.6%, and 4.2% of these ungulates, respectively. A portion of recovered DSL were identified by genetic analyses of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear rDNA or the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) region of the mtDNA. We found V. eleguneniensis widely distributed among caribou and muskox populations across most of their geographic prange in North America but it was rare in moose. Parelaphostrongylus andersoni was present in caribou and moose and we provide new geographic records for this species. This study provides a substantial expansion of the knowledge defining the current distribution and biogeography of protostrongylid nematodes in northern ungulates. Insights about the host and geographic range of V. eleguneniensis can serve as a geographically extensive baseline for monitoring current distribution and in anticipating future biogeographic scenarios under a regime of accelerating climate and anthropogenic perturbation.[Verocai, Guilherme G.; Kashivakura, Cyntia K.; Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; [Verocai, Guilherme G.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, TAMU, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Hoberg, Eric P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA; [Simard, Manon] Makivik Corp, Kuujjuaq, PQ, Canada; [Beckmen, Kimberlee B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Musiani, Marco] Univ Calgary, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Wasser, Sam] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Cuyler, Christine] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Dept Mammals & Birds, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [Manseau, Micheline] Univ Manitoba, Nat Resources Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada; [Chaudhry, Umer N.; Gilleard, John S.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Comparat Biol & Expt Med, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; [Chaudhry, Umer N.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Roslin Inst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandUniversity of Calgary; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of New Mexico; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; University of Calgary; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; University of Manitoba; University of Calgary; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Roslin Institute; University of EdinburghVerocai, GG (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.gverocai@cvm.tamu.eduMusiani, Marco/ABB-9387-2021Musiani, Marco/0000-0002-6097-5841; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687; Beckmen, Kimberlee/0000-0003-0747-7883; Chaudhry, Dr Umer Naveed/0000-0003-0940-5250Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Calgary; Alberta Innovates Health Solutions; Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity; W. Garfield Weston Fellowship for Northern Conservation/Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA); NSERC Canada International Polar Year Funding; Alberta Innovates; NSERC; NSERC Northern Supplement; Beringian Coevolution Project (DEB-Biotic Surveys and Inventory) [0415668]; National Science Foundation; Integrated Inventory of Biomes of the Arctic (NSF, DEB-Biodiversity Discovery and Analysis) [1258010]Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Calgary; Alberta Innovates Health Solutions; Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity; W. Garfield Weston Fellowship for Northern Conservation/Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA); NSERC Canada International Polar Year Funding; Alberta Innovates; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Supplement; Beringian Coevolution Project (DEB-Biotic Surveys and Inventory); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Integrated Inventory of Biomes of the Arctic (NSF, DEB-Biodiversity Discovery and Analysis)This research is part of G. Verocai's PhD Thesis, and was supported by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Calgary, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Alberta Conservation Association Grants in Biodiversity and the W. Garfield Weston Fellowship for Northern Conservation/Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, and the CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network (CARMA, www.carmanetwork.com), NSERC Canada International Polar Year Funding, and partially funded by Alberta Innovates and NSERC Discovery Grant and NSERC Northern Supplement secured by S.J. Kutz; the Beringian Coevolution Project (DEB-Biotic Surveys and Inventory0415668) with funding from the National Science Foundation to J. A. Cook (University of New Mexico) and E. P. Hoberg (USNPC). Our study was completed through the Integrated Inventory of Biomes of the Arctic (NSF, DEB-Biodiversity Discovery and Analysis -1258010) to J. A. Cook, E. P. Hoberg, K. E. Galbreath (Northern Michigan University) and E. Dechaine (Western Washington University).7455<180 Day Usage Count>512ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2213-2244INT J PARASITOL-PARInt. J. Parasitol.-Parasit. Wildl.APR20201193102
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.001http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.00110Ecology; ParasitologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ParasitologyKZ9JB31970056Green Published, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005235744000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllPermafrost zonesNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0028
The Canadian Water Resource Vulnerability Index to Permafrost Thaw (CWRVIPT)
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEpermafrost thaw; water resources; climate; thermokarstLAYER DETACHMENT FAILURES; GROUND ICE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; FOSHEIM PENINSULA; ELLESMERE-ISLAND; MACKENZIE DELTA; CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE; IMPACTSSpence, C; Norris, M; Bickerton, G; Bonsal, BR; Brua, R; Culp, JM; Dibike, Y; Gruber, S; Morse, PD; Peters, DL; Shrestha, R; Wolfe, SASpence, C.; Norris, M.; Bickerton, G.; Bonsal, B. R.; Brua, R.; Culp, J. M.; Dibike, Y.; Gruber, S.; Morse, P. D.; Peters, D. L.; Shrestha, R.; Wolfe, S. A.EnglishThis study developed and applied a framework for assessing the vulnerability of pan-Canadian water resources to permafrost thaw. The national- scale work addresses a key, but neglected, information gap, as previous research has focused on small scale physical processes and circumpolar trends. The framework was applied to develop the Canadian Water Resources Vulnerability Index to Permafrost Thaw ( CWRVIPT) and map the index across the Canadian North. The CWRVIPT is a linearly additive index of permafrost, terrain, disturbance, and climatic conditions and stressors that influence water budgets and aquatic chemistry. Initial results imply water resources in the western Northwest Territories and Hudson Bay Lowlands are most vulnerable to permafrost thaw; however, water resources on Banks, Victoria and Baffin Islands are also relatively vulnerable. Although terrain and permafrost sub-indices are the largest component of the CWRVIPT across a wide swath from the Mackenzie River Delta to the Hudson Bay Lowlands, the climate sub-index is most important farther north over parts of the southern portion of the Arctic Archipelago. The index can be used to identify areas of water resource vulnerability on which to focus observation and research in the Canadian North.[Spence, C.; Bonsal, B. R.; Brua, R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Norris, M.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Bickerton, G.; Culp, J. M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Dibike, Y.; Peters, D. L.; Shrestha, R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Gruber, S.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Morse, P. D.; Wolfe, S. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Carleton University; Natural Resources CanadaSpence, C (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.chris.spence@canada.caShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-6495Environment and Climate Change CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaThe authors would like to thank Steve Kokelj, Trevor Lantz, Sharon Smith, and Brendan O'Neill for their insight and suggestions during the compilation of the index. Funding was provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Spatial data of CWRVIPT are available from the Environment and Climate Change Data Catalogue at https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/6e2bc96b-bbda-4a9f-a91e-eb2f07d515f8. We would like to thank the editors and two reviewers for providing valuable input that improved the manuscript.11188<180 Day Usage Count>717CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC202064437462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0028http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-002826Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsPR4EGgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006071900000050 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaTsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0510-6
The impact of wildfire on microbial C:N:P stoichiometry and the fungal-to-bacterial ratio in permafrost soil
ArticleBIOGEOCHEMISTRYWildfire; Boreal forest; Permafrost; Microbial biomass; C:N:P stoichiometry; Homeostasis; Fungal-to-bacterial ratioORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIOMASS; CARBON; FIRE; PHOSPHORUS; GRASSLANDZhou, X; Sun, H; Pumpanen, J; Sietio, OM; Heinonsalo, J; Koster, K; Berninger, FZhou, Xuan; Sun, Hui; Pumpanen, Jukka; Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, FrankEnglishWildfires thaw near-surface permafrost soils in the boreal forest, making previously frozen organic matter available to microbes. The short-term microbial stoichiometric dynamics following a wildfire are critical to understanding the soil element variations in thawing permafrost. Thus, we selected a boreal wildfire chronosequence in a region of continuous permafrost, where the last wildfire occurred 3, 25, 46, and >100years ago (set as the control) to explore the impact of wildfire on the soil chemistry, soil microbial stoichiometry, and the fungal-to-bacterial gene ratio (F:B ratio). We observed the microbial biomass C:N:P ratio remained constant in distinct age classes indicating that microbes are homeostatic in relation to stoichiometric ratios. The microbial C:N ratios were independent of the shifts in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio when C:N exceeded 12. Wildfire-induced reduction in vegetation biomass positively affected the fungal, but not the bacterial, gene copy number. The decline in microbial biomass C, N, and P following a fire, primarily resulted from a lack of soil available C and nutrients. Wildfire affected neither the microbial biomass nor the F:B ratios at a soil depth of 30cm. We conclude that microbial stoichiometry does not always respond to changes in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio and that wildfire-induced permafrost thawing does not accelerate microbial respiration.[Zhou, Xuan; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Sun, Hui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry China, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China; [Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland; [Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Food & Environm Sci, POB 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Zhou, Xuan; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank] Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Heinonsalo, Jussi] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Syst Res, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland; [Berninger, Frank] Zhejiang A&F Univ, State Key Lab Subtrop Silviculture, Nurturing Stn, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Helsinki; Nanjing Forestry University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Zhejiang A&F UniversityZhou, X (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.;Zhou, X (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland.xuan.zhou@helsinki.fiKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; , Xuan/0000-0002-3602-5870; Heinonsalo, Jussi/0000-0001-8516-1388; Sietio, Outi-Maaria/0000-0003-0127-9368Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 165010015]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Chinese Scholarship Council; Academy of Finland (AKA) [294600, 286685] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Chinese Scholarship Council(China Scholarship Council); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This study was supported Grants from the Academy of Finland [Grant Numbers 286685, 294600, 307222]. HS was supported by Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor (project 165010015) and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). XZ was supported by a grant from the Chinese Scholarship Council. We would like to thank Saara Berninger for patient help in the field, Xuan Yu for assistance with genomic DNA extraction, Marjut Wallner for technical assistance in laboratory help and Mike Starr for his valuable advice on P measurements. We wish to thank David Fewer and Vanessa L Fuller for the language revision.902527<180 Day Usage Count>1498SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0168-25631573-515XBIOGEOCHEMISTRYBiogeochemistryJAN20191421117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0510-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0510-617Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyHF9YFGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004545980000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaDempster HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14194
The temporal and spatial response of soil fungal community composition and potential function to wildfire in a permafrost region in Canada
ArticleFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGYfunctional gene expression profile; fungal community structure; permafrost soil; temporal and soil vertical gradient response; wildfirePINUS-MURICATA; FOREST-FIRE; MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; CHRONOSEQUENCE; ENVIRONMENTS; DISTURBANCEZhang, YM; Qu, ZL; Sietio, OM; Zhou, X; Heinonsalo, J; Koster, K; Berninger, F; Pumpanen, J; Sun, HZhang, Yue-mei; Qu, Zhao-lei; Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Zhou, Xuan; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank; Pumpanen, Jukka; Sun, HuiEnglishThe permafrost regions of the boreal forest store a large amount of carbon, which can be affected by ecological disturbance, especially the interference of forest fires. Understanding the dynamic responses of the post-fire soil fungal community is essential for predicting soil carbon dynamics. We used a post-fire chronosequence (areas with 3, 25, 46 and >100 years post fire [ypf]) in Canadian boreal forests with continuous permafrost to examine the responses of fungal communities and fungal genes associated with biogeochemical cycling to fire in the surface and near-surface permafrost layers (0-5, 5-10 and 10-30 cm depth). We hypothesized that as the forest recovers from fire, the fungal communities and functional genes associated with biogeochemical cycling will also recover temporally and spatially, which will in turn affect soil carbon storage. Our results demonstrate that the fire has long-term effects on fungal communities and functions in the surface and near-surface soils. The fungal species richness in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers increased with time since fire, which required at least 46 years to recover to pre-fire levels. Ascomycota in each of the soil layers in the recently burned area (3 ypf) and ericoid mycorrhizas Oidiodendron maius in the 10-30 cm soil layer in the control area were recognized as indicator taxa. The examination of functional genes revealed that the diversity of potential genes and the expression of genes related to carbon degradation (e.g. chitinase, cellobiase, exoglucanase and endoglucanase) in recently burned area increased in the surface soil, whereas, decreased in the deep soil, suggesting the fire affect the loss of carbon differently in the surface and deep soils in the early stages after fire. In conclusion, the fires significantly altered the fungal communities and functional genes related to carbon storage along the soil vertical gradients and along the post-fire chronosequence. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.[Zhang, Yue-mei; Qu, Zhao-lei; Sun, Hui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry China, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Pumpanen, Jukka; Sun, Hui] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Zhou, Xuan; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, Frank; Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, FinlandNanjing Forestry University; University of Helsinki; University of Eastern FinlandSun, H (corresponding author), Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry China, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;Sun, H (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland.hui.sun@njfu.edu.cnKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012; Berninger, Frank/A-8891-2010Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Berninger, Frank/0000-0001-7718-1661; sun, hui/0000-0003-2015-6136; Heinonsalo, Jussi/0000-0001-8516-1388; Sietio, Outi-Maaria/0000-0003-0127-9368Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31870474]; Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Academy of Finland (AKA) [286685, 294600] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 286685, 294600 and 307222; The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 31870474; The Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions7100<180 Day Usage Count>2323WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0269-84631365-2435FUNCT ECOLFunct. Ecol.FEB2023372261273
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14194http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.141942022-10-01 00:00:0013EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology8U1AX2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0008651434000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.698
Transitions of social-ecological subsistence systems in the Arctic
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMONSClimate change; conservation; fish and wildlife; globalization; socio-ecological systems; subsistence; sustainabilityTRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; INUIT KNOWLEDGE; CANADIAN INUIT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COUNTRY FOODS; POLAR BEARS; MANAGEMENT; COMANAGEMENT; GREENLANDFauchald, P; Hausner, VH; Schmidt, JI; Clark, DAFauchald, Per; Hausner, Vera Helene; Schmidt, Jennifer Irene; Clark, Douglas A.EnglishTransitions of social-ecological systems (SES) expose governance systems to new challenges. This is particularly so in the Arctic where resource systems are increasingly subjected to global warming, industrial development and globalization which subsequently alter the local SES dynamics. Based on common-pool resource theory, we developed a dynamic conceptual model explaining how exogenous drivers might alter a traditional subsistence system from a provisioning to an appropriation actions situation. In a provisioning action situation the resource users do not control the resource level but adapt to the fluctuating availability of resources, and the collective challenge revolve around securing the subsistence in the community. An increased harvest pressure enabled by exogenous drivers could transform the SES to an appropriation action situation where the collective challenge has changed to avoid overuse of a common-pool resource. The model was used as a focal lens to investigate the premises for broad-scale transitions of subsistence-oriented SESs in Arctic Alaska, Canada and Greenland. We synthesized data from documents, official statistics and grey and scientific literature to explore the different components of our model. Our synthesis suggests that the traditional Arctic subsistence SESs mostly comply with a provisioning action situation. Despite population growth and available technology; urbanization, increased wage labor and importation of food have reduced the resource demand, and we find no evidence for a broad-scale transition to an appropriation action situation throughout the Western Arctic. However, appropriation challenges have emerged in some cases either as a consequence of commercialization of the resource or by severely reduced resource stocks due to various exogenous drivers. Future transitions of SESs could be triggered by the emergence of commercial local food markets and Arctic warming. In particular, Arctic warming is an intensifying exogenous driver that is threatening many important Arctic wildlife resources inflicting increased appropriation challenges to the governance of local harvest.[Fauchald, Per] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Dept Arctic Ecol, Trondheim, Norway; [Hausner, Vera Helene; Schmidt, Jennifer Irene] UiT, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Schmidt, Jennifer Irene] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK USA; [Clark, Douglas A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaNorwegian Institute Nature Research; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of SaskatchewanFauchald, P (corresponding author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Dept Arctic Ecol, Trondheim, Norway.per.fauchald@nina.no; vera.hausner@uit.no; jischmidt0@gmail.com; d.clark@usask.caFauchald, Per/AAV-4242-2021; Schmidt, Jennifer/W-1638-2019Schmidt, Jennifer/0000-0002-0945-3204Research Council of Norway [192040, 247474]Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway)This research was funded by the Research Council of Norway through the projects: TVERS: Drivers of change in circumpolar tundra ecosystems (TUNDRA, project number: 192040) and Global connections and changing resource use systems in the Arctic (CONNECT, project number: 247474).1041818<180 Day Usage Count>036IGITUR, UTRECHT PUBLISHING & ARCHIVING SERVICESURTRECHTPOSTBUS 80124, URTRECHT, 3508 TC, NETHERLANDS1875-0281INT J COMMONSInt. J. Commons2017111275329
http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.698http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.69855Environmental StudiesSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyET1QJGreen Submitted, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004000436000100 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth Slave, South SlaveAlong the border between NWT and NunavutNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2018.1532868
Tree cover response to climate change in the forest-tundra of north-central Canada: fire-driven decline, not northward advance
ArticleECOSCIENCEAridity; climate change; forest-tundra; high subarctic; treeline; wildfireVEGETATION GRADIENTS; SHRUB EXPANSION; LINE; PATTERNSTimoney, KP; Mamet, SD; Cheng, R; Lee, P; Robinson, AL; Downing, D; Wein, RWTimoney, Kevin P.; Mamet, Steven D.; Cheng, Ryan; Lee, Peter; Robinson, Anne L.; Downing, David; Wein, Ross W.EnglishClimate-vegetation models predict rapid northward advance of the subarctic forest-tundra in the coming century, although modelled responses may not be congruent with field data. This study aimed to determine how forest-tundra vegetation has responded to climate change in north-central Canada. Vegetation cover and gradients were mapped and compared to changes in climate parameters between 1955 and 2006. Increased aridity and annual and July warming corresponded to spatial isotherm shifts of one-half the width of the forest-tundra transition. Over the 51-year period, the areal extent of live trees decreased 26% (5227 km(2)) while the areal extent of recently-burned trees increased 16-fold (7768 km(2)). Changes in the areal extent of treeless wetland, tall shrubs, and upland tundra were non-significant. There was significant forest loss in the southern forest-tundra and modest forest gain in the northern forest-tundra. Overall, forest loss outpaced forest gain. The forest-tundra increased in areal extent by similar to 6% via an overall broadening of the transition region. Contrary to model predictions, no appreciable northward migration of the forest-tundra was detected over the 51-year period despite significant climate change. Increased wildfire activity and moisture stress may limit the potential of tree vegetation to expand northward under a warming climate.[Timoney, Kevin P.; Cheng, Ryan; Lee, Peter; Robinson, Anne L.; Downing, David] Treeline Ecol Res, Sherwood Pk, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Wein, Ross W.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of AlbertaTimoney, KP (corresponding author), Treeline Ecol Res, Sherwood Pk, Edmonton, AB, Canada.lorax.ted@gmail.comMamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-3814461616<180 Day Usage Count>823TAYLOR & FRANCIS INCPHILADELPHIA530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA1195-68602376-7626ECOSCIENCEEcoscience2019262133148
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2018.1532868http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2018.153286816EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHN1UO2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004599727000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Sachs Harbour, UlukhaktokNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.138
Trends of persistent organic pollutants in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the Canadian Arctic
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTPinnipeds; Legacy contaminants; Spatial distribution; Temporal trends; Climate changeBROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL TRENDS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PUSA-HISPIDA; POLAR BEARS; MARINE; CONTAMINANTS; VARIABILITY; GREENLANDHoude, M; Wang, X; Colson, TLL; Gagnon, P; Ferguson, SH; Ikonomou, MG; Dubetz, C; Addison, RF; Muir, DCGHoude, M.; Wang, X.; Colson, T. -L. L.; Gagnon, P.; Ferguson, S. H.; Ikonomou, M. G.; Dubetz, C.; Addison, R. F.; Muir, D. C. G.EnglishRinged seals (Phoca hispida) have been used as bioindicator species of environmental contamination in Canada since the 1970s. In the present study, seals were harvested during subsistence hunts in four regions of the Canadian Arctic: Beaufort Sea, Arctic Archipelago, Hudson Bay, and coastal Labrador. An extensive suite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was determined in seal blubber collected for multiple years between 1972 and 2016. Results from this long-term study indicate geographical differences in the contaminant concentrations in seals and the significant general decrease of most POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and related compounds, chlordanes (CHL), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) over time in ringed seals. The highest decrease rates (up to -9.1%/year for alpha-HCH) were found in seals from the Hudson Bay region where all chemicals investigated have significantly decreased since 1986. Significant increases in concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in seals from Labrador and beta-HCH in Sachs Harbour, NT and Arctic Archipelagowere observed. Site-specific and contaminant-specific associations between climate pattern (i.e., Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific/North American pattern) and mean ice-coverage (total, first-year ice, and old-ice) were found at sites with the longest time trend data (i.e., Arviat, Sachs Harbour/Ulukhaktok and Resolute Bay). Overall, results suggest that North American and international regulations have led to the long-term reduction of most POPs in Canadian Arctic ringed seals by reducing emissions from primary sources. However, other sources of legacy compounds (e.g., environmental reservoirs) as well changes in food web composition and structure in relation to climate changes could also be influencing the very slow rates of decline, or stable levels, of contaminants found in seals at some sites. Further work is warranted to discern between covariation of climate changes and contaminant concentrations and cause-and-effect relationships. (c) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.[Houde, M.; Colson, T. -L. L.; Gagnon, P.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada; [Wang, X.; Muir, D. C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Ferguson, S. H.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Aquat Res Div, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Ikonomou, M. G.; Dubetz, C.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada; [Addison, R. F.] 1705 Eagle View Pl, Duncan, BC V9L 6R1, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHoude, M (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill St, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada.magali.houde@canada.caMuir, Derek/AAD-7526-2021Hunter and Trapper Association of Resolute Bay; Hunter and Trapper Association of Sachs Harbour; Hunter and Trapper Association of Arviat; Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee; Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee; Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government in Nain; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations); Northern Contaminants Program (Northern Affairs Canada); Environment and Climate Change CanadaHunter and Trapper Association of Resolute Bay; Hunter and Trapper Association of Sachs Harbour; Hunter and Trapper Association of Arviat; Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee; Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee; Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government in Nain; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations); Northern Contaminants Program (Northern Affairs Canada); Environment and Climate Change CanadaWe are grateful to the hunters in each northern community for their long-term participation in this project. We thank Jeff Kuptana (Sachs Harbour), Tom Smith and John Alikamik (Ulukhaktok), Frank Nutarasungnik (Arviat), Liz Pijogge and Rodd Laing (Nain) for their help for sample collection and coordination. Thanks also to Lois Harwood and Brent Young of Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region for provision of samples. We also thank the Hunter and Trapper Associations of Resolute Bay, Sachs Harbour, Arviat as well as the Nunavut Environmental Contaminants Committee, the Northwest Territories Regional Contaminants Committee and the Environment Division of the Nunatsiavut Government in Nain for their support throughout the years. Many thanks also to Laurie Mercier for her help with the results presentation. This project was funded by the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) and by Environment and Climate Change Canada.701921<180 Day Usage Count>395ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.MAY 15201966511351146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.138http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.13812Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHO0XH308937452023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004606286001140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Cape Bathurst, Banks IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2121243
Tundra shrub expansion in a warming climate and the influence of data type on models of habitat suitability
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHTundra; shrubs; climate change; species distribution modeling; pseudo-absenceSPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; PLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; VACCINIUM-VITIS-IDAEA; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; FEEDBACKS; INFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTSeider, JH; Lantz, TC; Bone, CSeider, Jordan H.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Bone, ChristopherEnglishWarming across the low Arctic is increasing tundra vegetation productivity and facilitating the expansion of upright shrubs. We modeled the effects of warming on habitat suitability in green alder, dwarf birch, Labrador tea, bog bilberry, and lingonberry and assessed the influence of data type (true absence or pseudo-absence) on species distribution models (SDMs). We generated SDMs using the two absence data types under current (1970-2000) and future (2061-2080) climate projections. Our results show that warming leads to range expansion of all shrubs, though responses vary in magnitude and extent, with mean increases in suitability ranging from 0.080 (Labrador tea) to 0.369 (lingonberry) with true absences. Differences in driving variables and suitability projections suggest that physiological and ecological variability between species mediate responses to warming. Between data types, we observed inconsistencies in model performance, suitability projections, and variable importance. Bog bilberry and lingonberry exhibited larger differences in suitability (0.201 and 0.288, respectively), whereas alder showed similar responses (difference of 0.01). These results are important to consider when assessing changes in habitat suitability or identifying environmental or climatic determinants of species' distributions. We suggest further development of open data repositories, facilitating access to true absence data to support conservation and land use planning.[Seider, Jordan H.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Bone, Christopher] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [06210-2018]; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; University of Victoria; Aurora Research InstituteNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; University of Victoria; Aurora Research InstituteFunding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 06210-2018 to TCL and a Canada Graduate Scholarship Award to JHS), the Northern Scientific Training Program, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Aurora Research Institute, and the University of Victoria.12000<180 Day Usage Count>99TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.DEC 312022541488506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2121243http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.212124319Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography5F3TYGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-08WOS:0008662426000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaSouth Melville Ice Cap, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0009
Warmer-wetter climate drives shift in delta D-delta O-18 composition of precipitation across the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Canada
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEoxygen isotopes; snow; ice cores; climate changeTEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; DEUTERIUM EXCESS; ICE CAP; GREENLAND; SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; DELTA-O-18; GLACIER; RATESCopland, L; Lacelle, D; Fisher, D; Delaney, F; Thomson, L; Main, B; Burgess, DCopland, Luke; Lacelle, Denis; Fisher, David; Delaney, Frances; Thomson, Laura; Main, Brittany; Burgess, DavidEnglishWe examine how recent increases in air temperature and precipitation, together with reductions in sea ice extent, may have affected the regional delta D-delta O-18 composition of precipitation. In spring 2014, 80 snow samples were collected from six glaciers and ice caps across the Queen Elizabeth Islands, and in 2009 and 2014, two shallow ice cores were collected from Agassiz Ice Cap and White Glacier, respectively. The snow samples showed average delta O-18 values from 2013 to 2014 to be approximately 2%-3% higher than those recorded in 1973-1974 in nearby locations, with the ice cores showing similar trends in delta O-18 values. A zonal average water isotope model was used to help understand the causes of the increased delta O-18 values, using inputs calibrated for observed changes in temperature, vapour flux, and sea ice extent. Model results indicate that atmospheric temperature changes account for <1% of the observed change in delta O-18 values, and that changes in local water input and precipitation driven by changes in sea ice extent only have an effect in coastal regions. Enhanced meridional vapour flux to the Queen Elizabeth Islands is, therefore, also required to explain the observed increases in delta O-18 values, with fluxes similar to 7% higher today than in the 1970s, consistent with the change in precipitation.[Copland, Luke; Lacelle, Denis; Delaney, Frances; Main, Brittany] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Fisher, David] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Thomson, Laura] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Burgess, David] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; Queens University - Canada; Natural Resources CanadaCopland, L (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.luke.copland@uottawa.caLacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Research Fund; Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada); ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence; University of OttawaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Ontario Research Fund; Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada); ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence; University of OttawaWe wish to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Polar Continental Shelf Program, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Research Fund, Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada), ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence, and University of Ottawa for funding. We thank the Nunavut Research Institute, Aurora Research Institute, and the communities of Sachs Harbour (NT), Ulukhaktok (NT), Grise Fiord (NU), and Resolute Bay (NU) for permission to conduct research on ice caps and glaciers in the Queen Elizabeth Islands. We would like to thank Alison Cook for assistance with producing Fig. 1, Miles Ecclestone and Chris Omelon for assistance with collecting field samples, Wayne Pollard for logistical support, and the McGill Arctic Research Station for hosting White Glacier field activities.5922<180 Day Usage Count>04CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.MAR202171136157
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0009http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-000922Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsTI5EZgold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0006728263000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaDehchoScotty Creek Research Station, boreal forestNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113
What explains the year-to-year variation in growing season timing of boreal black spruce forests?*
ArticleAGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGYCarbon dioxide; Photosynthesis; Growing season; Boreal forest; Permafrost; Eddy covarianceNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; VEGETATION INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCOTTY CREEK; R-PACKAGE; CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHENOLOGYEl-Amine, M; Roy, A; Koebsch, F; Baltzer, JL; Barr, A; Black, A; Ikawa, H; Iwata, H; Kobayashi, H; Ueyama, M; Sonnentag, OEl-Amine, Mariam; Roy, Alexandre; Koebsch, Franziska; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Barr, Alan; Black, Andrew; Ikawa, Hiroki; Iwata, Hiroki; Kobayashi, Hideki; Ueyama, Masahito; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishAmplified climate warming in high latitudes is expected to affect growing season timing of the vast boreal biome. It is unclear whether the presence of permafrost (perennially frozen ground) might have an influence on changes in growing season timing. This study examined how different environmental variables explained, either directly or indirectly, the variation in growing season timing of boreal forest stands with and without permafrost. We expected that environmental variables explaining the variation in growing season timing differed or had different explanatory power depending on permafrost presence or absence. The growing season was delineated from daily gross primary productivity (GPP) time series derived from 40 site-year data of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange measured with eddy covariance techniques over five black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.])-dominated boreal forest stands in North America. In permafrost-free forest stands, a combination of start in canopy 'green-up' in spring and the timing of air and soil temperature increasing above freezing explained the start-ofseason (SOSGPP). Results from commonality analysis and structural equation modeling suggest that canopy 'green-up' and air temperature directly affected SOSGPP in permafrost-free forest stands. In addition, soil temperature acted as mediator for an indirect effect of air temperature on SOSGPP. In contrast, none of the environmental variables, or their combination, explained the variation in SOSGPP in forest stands with permafrost. The explanatory power of environmental variables was more consistent regarding the end-of-season (EOSGPP). In both, forest stands with and without permafrost, EOSGPP was directly explained by mean soil water content in the fall and the first day of continuous snowpack formation. A better understanding how environmental variables control SOSGPP and EOSGPP in forest stands with and without permafrost will help to refine parameterizations of the boreal biome in Earth system models.[El-Amine, Mariam; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 1375 Ave Therese Lavoie Roux, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [El-Amine, Mariam; Roy, Alexandre; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, 2405 rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Roy, Alexandre] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Sci Environm, 3351 Blvd Forges, Trois rivieres, PQ G8Z 4M3, Canada; [Koebsch, Franziska] Univ Goettingen, Fac Forest Sci & Forest Ecol, Bioclimatol, Busgenweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Barr, Alan] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Black, Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Ikawa, Hiroki] Hokkaido Agr Res Ctr, Natl Agr & Food Res Org, 1, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628555, Japan; [Ikawa, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan; [Kobayashi, Hideki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, 2-15 Natsushima cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, 1-1 Gakuen cho, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan; [El-Amine, Mariam; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud Foret, 141 President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 1Y4, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; Laval University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; University of Gottingen; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of British Columbia; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Shinshu University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealEl-Amine, M; Sonnentag, O (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud Foret, 141 President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 1Y4, Canada.mariam.el-amine@umontreal.ca; oliver.sonnentag@umontreal.caUeyama, Masahito/O-1294-2018Ueyama, Masahito/0000-0002-4000-4888; Iwata, Hiroki/0000-0002-8962-8982; El-amine, Mariam/0000-0003-0582-8475Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologie (FRQNT); CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadian Forest Service; FluxnetCanada Research Network; Canadian Carbon Program; Cold Regions Research Network; Global Institute for Water Security; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project, ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologie (FRQNT); CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canadian Forest Service(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); FluxnetCanada Research Network; Canadian Carbon Program; Cold Regions Research Network; Global Institute for Water Security; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project, ArCS IIThis study was supported in part by the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec -Nature et Technologie (FRQNT) and CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures. O.S. acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs. Funding for AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. The CA-Obs site received support from Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Canadian Forest Service, the FluxnetCanada Research Network, the Canadian Carbon Program, the Cold Regions Research Network, and the Global Institute for Water Security. The US-Uaf and US-Prr sites were supported by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS; JPMXD1300000000) project, ArCS II (JPMXD1420318865). We also acknowledge the use of FLUXNET data, and the work of Hank Margolis and Carole Coursolle (Fluxnet-Canada Research Network/Canadian Carbon Program). We thank Manuel Helbig, Joe Melton and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments which substantially improved the quality of the manuscript.10200<180 Day Usage Count>88ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0168-19231873-2240AGR FOREST METEOROLAgric. For. Meteorol.SEP 152022324
109113
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109113AUG 202212Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4Y0HO2023-03-05WOS:0008612158000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllSites in tundra, boreal, and mountain ecosystemsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2901.220154
Widespread Exposure to Mosquitoborne California Serogroup Viruses in Caribou, Arctic Fox, Red Fox, and Polar Bears, Canada
ArticleEMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASESWESTERN HUDSON-BAY; JAMESTOWN CANYON VIRUS; URSUS-MARITIMUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; IMPACTS; HUMANSBuhler, KJ; Dibernardo, A; Pilfold, NW; Harms, NJ; Fenton, H; Carriere, S; Kelly, A; Schwantje, H; Aguilar, XF; Leclerc, LM; Gouin, GG; Lunn, NJ; Richardson, ES; McGeachy, D; Bouchard, E; Ortiz, AH; Samelius, G; Lindsay, LR; Drebot, MA; Gaffney, P; Leighton, P; Alisauskas, R; Jenkins, EBuhler, Kayla J.; Dibernardo, Antonia; Pilfold, Nicholas W.; Harms, N. Jane; Fenton, Heather; Carriere, Suzanne; Kelly, Allicia; Schwantje, Helen; Aguilar, Xavier Fernandez; Leclerc, Lisa-Marie; Gouin, Geraldine G.; Lunn, Nicholas J.; Richardson, Evan S.; McGeachy, David; Bouchard, Emilie; Ortiz, Adrian Hernandez; Samelius, Gustaf; Lindsay, L. Robbin; Drebot, Michael A.; Gaffney, Patricia; Leighton, Patrick; Alisauskas, Ray; Jenkins, EmilyEnglishNorthern Canada is warming at 3 times the global rate. Thus, changing diversity and distribution of vec-tors and pathogens is an increasing health concern. California serogroup (CSG) viruses are mosquitoborne arboviruses; wildlife reservoirs in northern ecosystems have not been identified. We detected CSG virus an-tibodies in 63% (95% CI 58%-67%) of caribou (n = 517), 4% (95% CI 2%-7%) of Arctic foxes (n = 297), 12% (95% CI 6%-21%) of red foxes (n = 77), and 28% (95% CI 24%-33%) of polar bears (n = 377). Sex, age, and summer temperatures were positively associated with polar bear exposure; location, year, and ecotype were associated with caribou exposure. Exposure was highest in boreal caribou and increased from baseline in polar bears after warmer summers. CSG virus expo-sure of wildlife is linked to climate change in northern Canada and sustained surveillance could be used to measure human health risks.[Buhler, Kayla J.; Bouchard, Emilie; Ortiz, Adrian Hernandez; Alisauskas, Ray; Jenkins, Emily] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Dibernardo, Antonia; Lindsay, L. Robbin; Drebot, Michael A.] Natl Microbiol Lab Branch, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Pilfold, Nicholas W.; Gaffney, Patricia] San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA USA; [Harms, N. Jane] Govt Yukon, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Fenton, Heather] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, St Kitts & Nevis, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi; [Fenton, Heather; Carriere, Suzanne; Kelly, Allicia] Govt Northwest Terr, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Schwantje, Helen] Govt British Columbia, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; [Aguilar, Xavier Fernandez] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Leclerc, Lisa-Marie] Govt Nunavut, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada; [Gouin, Geraldine G.] Makivik Corp, Kuujjuaq, PQ, Canada; [Lunn, Nicholas J.; McGeachy, David] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Richardson, Evan S.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Samelius, Gustaf] Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, WA USA; [Bouchard, Emilie; Leighton, Patrick] Univ Montreal, Saint Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada; [Buhler, Kayla J.] Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Universite de Montreal; University of SaskatchewanBuhler, KJ (corresponding author), Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.kab048@mail.usask.caFernandez Aguilar, Xavier/0000-0002-4939-6048NSERC [NRS-2018-517969, RGPIN-2018-04900, RGPIN04171-2014]; Weston Family Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; ArcticNet; Irving Maritime Shipbuilding/Nunavut Arctic College; Polar Knowledge Canada [NST-1718-0012, NST-1718-0015]; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Central and Mississippi Flyway Councils; Canadian Wildlife Service; Wildlife Research Division of Environment and Climate Change; Government of Yukon; Environment Climate Change Canada; Parks Canada; McBeth Foundation; Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Canadian Wildlife Federation; Care for the Wild International; Earth Rangers Foundation; Hauser Bears; Isdell Family Foundation; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Parks Canada Agency; Polar Bears International; Quark Expeditions; Schad Foundation; Wildlife Media Inc.; World Wildlife Fund (Canada)NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Weston Family Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; ArcticNet; Irving Maritime Shipbuilding/Nunavut Arctic College; Polar Knowledge Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada); Central and Mississippi Flyway Councils; Canadian Wildlife Service; Wildlife Research Division of Environment and Climate Change; Government of Yukon; Environment Climate Change Canada; Parks Canada; McBeth Foundation; Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums; Churchill Northern Studies Centre; Canadian Wildlife Federation; Care for the Wild International; Earth Rangers Foundation; Hauser Bears; Isdell Family Foundation; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Parks Canada Agency; Polar Bears International; Quark Expeditions; Schad Foundation; Wildlife Media Inc.; World Wildlife Fund (Canada)Fox, rodent, and caribou work was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant and Northern Research Supplement (nos. NRS-2018-517969, RGPIN-2018-04900, and RGPIN04171-2014), Weston Family Foundation, Northern Scientific Training Program, ArcticNet, Irving Maritime Shipbuilding/Nunavut Arctic College, and Polar Knowledge Canada (grant nos. NST-1718-0012 and NST-1718-0015). The long-term research at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, has been supported by Polar Continental Shelf Project, Central and Mississippi Flyway Councils, Canadian Wildlife Service, and Wildlife Research Division of Environment and Climate Change. Funding for caribou work was also provided by the Government of Yukon, Environment Climate Change Canada, and Parks Canada. Polar bear testing was funded by the McBeth Foundation. Financial and logistic support for fieldwork was provided by the Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Canadian Wildlife Federation, Care for the Wild International, Earth Rangers Foundation, Hauser Bears, the Isdell Family Foundation, Manitoba Sustainable Development, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Parks Canada Agency, Polar Bears International, Quark Expeditions, Schad Foundation, Wildlife Media Inc., and World Wildlife Fund (Canada).5000<180 Day Usage Count>44CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTIONATLANTA1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA1080-60401080-6059EMERG INFECT DISEmerg. Infect. DisJAN20232915463
http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2901.220154http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2901.22015410Immunology; Infectious DiseasesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Immunology; Infectious Diseases7M8UR36573538gold, Green Published2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0009069269000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllTwo treeline sites in the NWT, unspecified locationsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic69593
How Do Disturbances across Spatial Scales Influence Treeline Range Dynamics?
Editorial MaterialARCTICBOREAL FOREST; SEED PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; TUNDRA; CONSTRAINTS; VARIABILITY; RESILIENCE; RESPONSES; REGIMESBrehaut, LBrehaut, LucasEnglish[Brehaut, Lucas] Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF, CanadaMemorial University NewfoundlandBrehaut, L (corresponding author), Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF, Canada.idbrehaut@mnu.caArctic Institute of North America's 2019 Jennifer Robinson Memorial Scholarship; NSERC (PGS-D); Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (Canadian Northern Studies Trust); W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship Program; program of the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada - W. garfield Weston Foundation; Polar Knowledge Canada (Northen Scientific Training Program); Memorial University (Dr. Ian Brookes Graduate Award in Geography); Memorial University (Dr. Joyce MacPherson Scholarship); Royal Canadian Geographic Society; Yukon Energy Mines and Resources (Forestry Division); Natural Resources Canada (National Tree Seed Center)Arctic Institute of North America's 2019 Jennifer Robinson Memorial Scholarship; NSERC (PGS-D)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (Canadian Northern Studies Trust); W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship Program; program of the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada - W. garfield Weston Foundation; Polar Knowledge Canada (Northen Scientific Training Program); Memorial University (Dr. Ian Brookes Graduate Award in Geography); Memorial University (Dr. Joyce MacPherson Scholarship); Royal Canadian Geographic Society; Yukon Energy Mines and Resources (Forestry Division); Natural Resources Canada (National Tree Seed Center)(Natural Resources Canada)I am honoured to be the recipient of the Arctic Institute of North America's 2019 Jennifer Robinson Memorial Scholarship. I would like to thank the Tr'ondek Hwech'in and Vuntut Gwitchin First Nations for allowing me to complete my PhD research on their traditional lands. Additional funding and logistical support for this research was provided from NSERC (PGS-D to L. Brehaut and Discovery Grant to C. Brown); the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (Canadian Northern Studies Trust); the W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship Program, a program of the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada funded by the W. garfield Weston Foundation; Polar Knowledge Canada (Northen Scientific Training Program); Memorial University (Dr. Ian Brookes Graduate Award in Geography and the Dr. Joyce MacPherson Scholarship); the Royal Canadian Geographic Society; Yukon Energy Mines and Resources (Forestry Division); and Natural Resources Canada (National Tree Seed Center). This research was conducted under Vuntut Gwitchin Research Agreement and Yukon Scientists and Explorers Permits No. 17-36S&E, 18-30S&E, and 19-11S&E.3600<180 Day Usage Count>04ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticDEC2019724466471
http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/6Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyJX0OA2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005034423000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveYellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4720
A Paleoenvironmental Study Tracking Eutrophication, Mining Pollution, and Climate Change in Niven Lake, the First Sewage Lagoon of Yellowknife (Northwest Territories)
ArticleARCTICsewage lagoon; Arctic; paleolimnology; sterols; stable nitrogen isotopes; diatoms; chironomids; shallow lakesFECAL STEROLS; MERETTA LAKE; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; CORNWALLIS-ISLAND; CALIBRATION MODEL; METAL POLLUTION; FRESH-WATERS; SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATION; MARKERSStewart, EM; Hargan, KE; Sivarajah, B; Kimpe, LE; Blais, JM; Smol, JPStewart, Emily M.; Hargan, Kathryn E.; Sivarajah, Branaavan; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.; Smol, John P.EnglishNiven Lake was the first wastewater disposal site for the City of Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada), receiving domestic sewage for more than 30 years. Here, we used a high-resolution sediment core to track past sewage inputs to Niven Lake by comparing changes in sedimentary sterols and three diagnostic ratios for human fecal contamination, as well as biological assemblages and overall lake production, with the known history of sewage inputs to the lake from 1948 to 1981. Coprostanol, often considered the best indicator of human fecal contamination, increased by similar to 8% between depths of 7.5 cm and 5 cm (similar to 1950 to 1981) and was more reliable in tracking sewage contamination than diagnostic sterol ratios. Muted responses in subfossil diatom and chironomid assemblages were noted during the time of sewage inputs, and similar responses have been reported in other eutrophic Arctic sites, as well as in many macrophyte-dominated shallow lakes in general. More marked shifts in diatoms and chironomids occurred a decade after the end of sewage inputs, in the 1990s, a time that closely aligned with the warmest years on record for Yellowknife. This post-sewage era response was indicative of anoxia and possibly of positive feedback from internal phosphorus loading. The response may have been facilitated by recent climate warming, resulting in a lagging recovery from eutrophication. Changes in the diatoms and chironomids of Niven Lake were also indicative of metal pollution, suggesting that the lake has experienced the compounding effects of arsenic contamination from nearby gold mining.[Stewart, Emily M.; Sivarajah, Branaavan; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Hargan, Kathryn E.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaQueens University - Canada; University of OttawaStewart, EM (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.em.stewart16@gmail.comBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Sivarajah, Branaavan/0000-0002-3739-4299; Hargan, Kathryn/0000-0002-2232-3711; Stewart, Emily/0000-0003-0243-9407; Smol, John/0000-0002-2499-6696Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training ProgramWe would like to thank members of the Jules M. Blais lab and Jennifer Korosi for field help and the Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (Government of the Northwest Territories) for equipment. Thank you to Taiga Environmental Laboratories (Yellowknife, NT) for water chemistry analyses. Thank you also to David Jessiman (Government of the Northwest Territories) for providing monitoring reports and other resources concerning Niven Lake. Many thanks to Dr. Peter Dillon (Trent University) for generous advice concerning water chemistry comparisons. Thank you to three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful feedback. This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Polar Continental Shelf Program awarded to J.M. Blais and J.P. Smol, as well as fieldwork funding from the Northern Scientific Training Program.851111<180 Day Usage Count>016ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticJUN2018712201217
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4720http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic472017Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyHR1UI2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004629207000070 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDiavik Diamond MineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2020.1777232
A Paleolimnological Approach for Interpreting Aquatic Effects Monitoring at the Diavik Diamond Mine (Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada)
ArticleLAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENTBarren Lands tundra; climate change; diamond mining; diatoms; metals; nitrogen; subarcticHUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS; LINEAR-REGRESSION MODELS; PERMAFROST THAW; ISOTOPE RATIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKE; WATER; SEDIMENTS; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITIESKorosi, JB; Thienpont, JR; Eickmeyer, DC; Kimpe, LE; Blais, JMKorosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Eickmeyer, David C.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.EnglishKorosi JB, Thienpont JR, Eickmeyer DC, Kimpe LE, Blais JM. 2020. A paleolimnological approach for interpreting aquatic effects monitoring at the Diavik Diamond Mine (Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, Canada). Lake Reserv Manage. XX:XX-XX. A paleolimnological assessment of Lac de Gras (Northwest Territories, Canada) showed pronounced aquatic ecological and biogeochemical changes occurring since at least circa 1950, well before diamond mining operations began in 2000. These changes are likely a response to regional climate warming, which is confounding the interpretation of an Aquatic Effects Monitoring Program (AEMP) intended to identify early-warning indicators of diamond-mining impacts to water quality. In the latest AEMP report, action level exceedances based on 3 years of monitoring in Lac de Gras were reported for chlorophyllaand strontium, yet sediment cores collected from 3 different sites in the lake exhibited notable increasing trends in these parameters since pre-1950. Increases in the small, centric diatomDiscostella pseudostelligerahave also been occurring since pre-1950, which we infer to be a response to climate warming. Recent (post-1996)D. pseudostelligeraincreases observed from aquatic effects monitoring of nearby small lakes have previously been linked to nitrogen fertilization from diamond mining. Thus, our paleolimnological results clearly indicate that parameters predicted to respond to mining impacts are also responding similarly to regional climate warming. Based on this, AEMP adaptive management strategies need to consider the potential additive or synergistic effects of mining and climate change when establishing action level exceedances for water quality and ecological indicators. Using our paleolimnological data, we calculated background (premining) rates of change in key geochemical parameters that can provide a benchmark for evaluating ongoing changes in the current mining period, and for establishing AEMP significance thresholds.[Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Eickmeyer, David C.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, CanadaYork University - Canada; University of OttawaKorosi, JB (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON, Canada.jkorosi@yorku.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Eickmeyer, David/0000-0001-5434-2565GNWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring ProgramGNWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring ProgramThis study was funded by the GNWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program.5944<180 Day Usage Count>010TAYLOR & FRANCIS INCPHILADELPHIA530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA1040-23812151-5530LAKE RESERV MANAGELake Reserv. Manag.JUL 22020363SI297313
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2020.1777232http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2020.17772322020-07-01 00:00:0017Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water ResourcesNF1YZ2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005470749000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBanks and Victoria IslandNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074912
Accelerating Thermokarst Transforms Ice-Cored Terrain Triggering a Downstream Cascade to the Ocean
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; NORTHWESTERN CANADA; BANKS-ISLAND; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST; LANDSCAPES; PENINSULA; MORAINES; PLATEAURudy, ACA; Lamoureux, SF; Kokelj, SV; Smith, IR; England, JHRudy, A. C. A.; Lamoureux, S. F.; Kokelj, S. V.; Smith, I. R.; England, J. H.EnglishRecent climate warming has activated the melt-out of relict massive ice in permafrost-preserved moraines throughout the western Canadian Arctic. This ice that has persisted since the last glaciation, buried beneath as little as 1 m of overburden, is now undergoing accelerated permafrost degradation and thermokarst. Here we document recent and intensifying thermokarst activity on eastern Banks Island that has increased the fluvial transport of sediments and solutes to the ocean. Isotopic evidence demonstrates that a major contribution to discharge is melt of relict ground ice, resulting in a significant hydrological input from thermokarst augmenting summer runoff. Accelerated thermokarst is transforming the landscape and the summer hydrological regime and altering the timing of terrestrial to marine and lacustrine transfers over significant areas of the western Canadian Arctic. The intensity of the landscape changes demonstrates that regions of cold, continuous permafrost are undergoing irreversible alteration, unprecedented since deglaciation (similar to 13 cal kyr B.P.).[Rudy, A. C. A.; Lamoureux, S. F.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Kokelj, S. V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Smith, I. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada; [England, J. H.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of AlbertaRudy, ACA (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada.arudy@wlu.caNSERC; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Geological Survey of Canada Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP); NWT Geological SurveyNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Geological Survey of Canada Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP); NWT Geological SurveyResearch was supported by NSERC (S. F. Lamoureux) and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation (A. C. A. Rudy), the Geological Survey of Canada Geo-Mapping for Energy and Minerals Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program, NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP), and the NWT Geological Survey. Chemical analyses were provided by Taiga Laboratories, Yellowknife. We greatly appreciate the support from the community of Sachs Harbour and field assistance by Charleton Haogak. Data listed in the tables will be made available on the Polar Data Catalogue. We are thankful for the constructive manuscript reviews of Steve Grasby (NRCan-internal review) and from journal reviewer M. Gooseff and a second anonymous reviewer. Research was conducted under NWT Scientific Research License 15687 and is NRCan contribution # 20170086 and NTGS contribution # 0106.325050<180 Day Usage Count>013AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.NOV 16201744211108011087
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074912http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL0749128Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyFQ7WABronze2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004185729000440 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, DehchoMackenzie ValleyNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2097156
Active layer variability and change in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories between 1991-2014: An ecoregional assessment
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHpermafrost; active layer; ecoregion; Mackenzie ValleyTEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GROUND TEMPERATURES; THERMAL REGIMES; SNOW COVER; PERMAFROST; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; ENVIRONMENTS; THICKNESSGaribaldi, MC; Bonnaventure, PP; Smith, SL; Duchesne, CGaribaldi, Madeleine C.; Bonnaventure, Philip P.; Smith, Sharon L.; Duchesne, CarolineEnglishActive layer thicknesses (ALTs) from sites along a transect through the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada, were analyzed to explore variation in thickness within and between ecoregions. At an ecoregional scale the relation between ALT, latitude, freezing and thawing degree-days, and snowfall were examined to determine the presence of trends. Site-specific variables including dominant vegetation and substrate were explored to explain spatial variability in ALT within ecoregions. Generally, average ALT increases moving southward through the comprising ecoregions (68 cm to 126 cm), following the increase in air temperature. Spatial variability in ALT within ecoregions was greater than that between ecoregions (up to 145 cm), which may be attributed to site-specific conditions (vegetation and snow cover). Most notable, sites with shrubs had thicker than average active layers likely because of increased snow retention leading to warmer overall ground conditions. Despite a warming trend in air temperatures, only one northern ecoregion showed a corresponding thickening trend in ALT. Sites located in southern ecoregions with mature forests showed limited response to changes in air temperature. For these locations, disturbance, specifically changes in thermally protective vegetation cover, rather than changing air temperature could potentially have a larger impact on ALT into the future.[Garibaldi, Madeleine C.; Bonnaventure, Philip P.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Bonnaventure Lab Permafrost Sci, 4401 Univ Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [Smith, Sharon L.; Duchesne, Caroline] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Lethbridge; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaGaribaldi, MC (corresponding author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Bonnaventure Lab Permafrost Sci, 4401 Univ Dr W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.madeleine.garibaldi@uleth.caGaribaldi, Madeleine/0000-0001-6801-2743Government of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGovernment of Canada(CGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This work was supported by the Government of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.6300<180 Day Usage Count>01TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.DEC 312022541274293
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2097156http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.209715620Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography3L9ZV2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008351191000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15756
Aged soils contribute little to contemporary carbon cycling downstream of thawing permafrost peatlands
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal; carbon cycling; disturbance; food webs; permafrost peatlands; streams; terrestrial-aquatic linkagesDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; INORGANIC CARBON; NORTHERN PEATLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE-LAYER; SCOTTY CREEK; FOOD WEBS; RADIOCARBON; METHANE; WATERTanentzap, AJ; Burd, K; Kuhn, M; Estop-Aragones, C; Tank, SE; Olefeldt, DTanentzap, Andrew J.; Burd, Katheryn; Kuhn, McKenzie; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Tank, Suzanne E.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishVast stores of millennial-aged soil carbon (MSC) in permafrost peatlands risk leaching into the contemporary carbon cycle after thaw caused by climate warming or increased wildfire activity. Here we tracked the export and downstream fate of MSC from two peatland-dominated catchments in subarctic Canada, one of which was recently affected by wildlife. We tested whether thermokarst bog expansion and deepening of seasonally thawed soils due to wildfire increased the contributions of MSC to downstream waters. Despite being available for lateral transport, MSC accounted for <= 6% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pools at catchment outlets. Assimilation of MSC into the aquatic food web could not explain its absence at the outlets. Using delta C-13-Delta C-14-delta N-15-delta H-2 measurements, we estimated only 7% of consumer biomass came from MSC by direct assimilation and algal recycling of heterotrophic respiration. Recent wildfire that caused seasonally thawed soils to reach twice as deep in one catchment did not change these results. In contrast to many other Arctic ecosystems undergoing climate warming, we suggest waterlogged peatlands will protect against downstream delivery and transformation of MSC after climate- and wildfire-induced permafrost thaw.[Tanentzap, Andrew J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England; [Burd, Katheryn; Kuhn, McKenzie; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, GermanyUniversity of Cambridge; University of Alberta; University of Alberta; University of MunsterTanentzap, AJ (corresponding author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.ajt65@cam.ac.ukEstop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Kuhn, McKenzie/0000-0003-3871-1548; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475Polar Knowledge Canada [1617-0009, 1516-107]; Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2016-04688]Polar Knowledge Canada; Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Polar Knowledge Canada, Grant/Award Number: 1617-0009 and 1516-107; Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant/Award Number: RGPIN-2016-0468811055<180 Day Usage Count>1043WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.OCT2021272053685382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15756http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15756JUL 202115Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyUQ4CT34157185Green Published, hybrid, Green Submitted2023-03-11WOS:0006719033000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoKakisa, Sambaa K'eYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10312-7
Agroecology in the North: Centering Indigenous food sovereignty and land stewardship in agriculture frontiers
ArticleAGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUESCanada; North; Agroecology; Indigenous; Food sovereigntyCLIMATE-CHANGE; KNOWLEDGE; COLONIALISM; ADAPTATION; GOVERNANCE; PLACE; WATERPrice, MJ; Latta, A; Spring, A; Temmer, J; Johnston, C; Chicot, L; Jumbo, J; Leishman, MPrice, Mindy Jewell; Latta, Alex; Spring, Andrew; Temmer, Jennifer; Johnston, Carla; Chicot, Lloyd; Jumbo, Jessica; Leishman, MargaretEnglishWarming temperatures in the circumpolar north have led to new discussions around climate-driven frontiers for agriculture. In this paper, we situate northern food systems in Canada within the corporate food regime and settler colonialism, and contend that an expansion of the conventional, industrial agriculture paradigm into the Canadian North would have significant socio-cultural and ecological consequences. We propose agroecology as an alternative framework uniquely accordant with northern contexts. In particular, we suggest that there are elements of agroecology that are already being practiced in northern Indigenous communities as part of traditional hunter-gatherer food systems. We present a framework for agroecology in the North and discuss its components of environmental stewardship, economies, knowledge, social dimensions and governance using examples from the Dehcho region, Northwest Territories, Canada. Finally, we discuss several challenges and cautions in creating policy around agroecology in the North and encourage community-based research in developing and testing this framework moving forward.[Price, Mindy Jewell] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA; [Latta, Alex] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Global Studies Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Spring, Andrew] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Laurier Ctr Sustainable Food Syst, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Temmer, Jennifer] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Johnston, Carla] Balsillie Sch Int Affairs, 67 Erb St West, Waterloo, ON N2L 6C2, Canada; [Chicot, Lloyd; Leishman, Margaret] Kaagee Tu First Nation, Box 4428, Hay River, NT X0E IZ0, Canada; [Jumbo, Jessica] Sambaa Ke First Nation, POB 10, Sambaa Ke, NT X0E IZ0, CanadaUniversity of California System; University of California Berkeley; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of WaterlooPrice, MJ (corresponding author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA.mindy_price@berkeley.edu; alatta@wlu.ca; aspring@wlu.ca; jtemmer@wlu.ca; cjohnston@basillieschool.ca; kaageetu_chief@northwestel.net; environment@sambakefn.com; m_leishman43@yahoo.comPrice, Mindy/0000-0003-2602-4185Fulbright Canada; Berkeley Center for Canadian Studies; Government of Canada Crown-Indigenous Relations; Northern Affairs Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN) Program; Social Sciences and Humanities Research CouncilFulbright Canada; Berkeley Center for Canadian Studies; Government of Canada Crown-Indigenous Relations; Northern Affairs Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN) Program; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC))Fulbright Canada, Berkeley Center for Canadian Studies, Government of Canada Crown-Indigenous Relations, Northern Affairs Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN) Program, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.10122<180 Day Usage Count>1217SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0889-048X1572-8366AGR HUM VALUESAgric. Human ValuesDEC202239411911206
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10312-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-022-10312-72022-04-01 00:00:0016Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History & Philosophy Of Science; SociologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Agriculture; History & Philosophy of Science; Sociology6L1HVhybrid2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007792194000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie River, Peel RiverNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088823
An Abrupt Aging of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Large Arctic Rivers
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSdissolved organic carbon; Mackenzie River; permafrost; discharge; warmingPERMAFROST CARBON; ACTIVE-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MATTER COMPOSITION; MACKENZIE DELTA; AGED CARBON; THAW; EXPORTSchwab, MS; Hilton, RG; Raymond, PA; Haghipour, N; Amos, E; Tank, SE; Holmes, RM; Tipper, ET; Eglinton, TISchwab, Melissa S.; Hilton, Robert G.; Raymond, Peter A.; Haghipour, Negar; Amos, Edwin; Tank, Suzanne E.; Holmes, Robert M.; Tipper, Edward T.; Eglinton, Timothy I.EnglishPermafrost thaw in Arctic watersheds threatens to mobilize hitherto sequestered carbon. We examine the radiocarbon activity ((FC)-C-14) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the northern Mackenzie River basin. From 2003-2017, DOC-(FC)-C-14 signatures (1.00 0.04; n = 39) tracked atmospheric (CO2)-C-14, indicating export of modern carbon. This trend was interrupted in June 2018 by the widespread release of aged DOC (0.85 0.16, n = 28) measured across three separate catchment areas. Increased nitrate concentrations in June 2018 lead us to attribute this pulse of C-14-depleted DOC to mobilization of previously frozen soil organic matter. We propose export through lateral perennial thaw zones that occurred at the base of the active layer weakened by preceding warm summer and winter seasons. Although we are not yet able to ascertain the broader significance of this anomalous mobilization event, it highlights the potential for rapid and large-scale release of aged carbon from permafrost. Plain Language Summary The thaw of continuously frozen grounds in the Arctic induced by regional warming accelerates the release of carbon to the atmosphere and river systems. Of particular concern is the fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) due to its potential for rapid oxidation to carbon dioxide. In order to understand the ramifications of a warming climate, we analyze the radiocarbon age of DOC in the northern Mackenzie River-a major Arctic river basin. DOC in large Arctic rivers has been characterized by young radiocarbon ages, from modern vegetation and surface soils. In June 2018, we recorded a departure from long-term observations: Older DOC was measured in three large catchments draining into the Mackenzie Delta. This release of aged DOC followed a warm summer and the second warmest winter on record. We infer that the aged DOC derived from thaw of deeper soil horizons and subsequent carbon mobilization and riverine export. This is the first time such an event has been documented; it highlights the potential for abrupt and widespread aged DOC export with important implications for regional and global carbon cycles. Key Points A widespread pulse of aged dissolved organic carbon (DOC) occurred in the Mackenzie River and its tributaries in June 2018 Export of aged DOC is consistent with a prolonged warming period and the formation of supra-permafrost taliks Mobilization of aged DOC and nitrate suggests percolation of supra-permafrost groundwater through previously frozen soil layers[Schwab, Melissa S.; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England; [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Yale Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT USA; [Haghipour, Negar] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Amos, Edwin] Aurora Res Inst, Inuvik, NT, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Holmes, Robert M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Tipper, Edward T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge, EnglandSwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Durham University; Yale University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Alberta; Woods Hole Research Center; University of CambridgeSchwab, MS (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.melissa.schwab@erdw.ethz.ch; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tipper, Edward/0000-0003-3540-3558; Eglinton, Timothy/0000-0001-5060-2155; Holmes, Robert Max/0000-0002-6413-9154; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Schwab, Melissa Sophia/0000-0001-5600-4439Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF200020_163162/1, SNF200020_184865/1]; European Research Council (ERC) [678779]; NERC UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursaries Program; NERC [NE/P011659/1] Funding Source: UKRISwiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); European Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); NERC UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursaries Program; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))M. S. S. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the grant SNF200020_163162/1, CAPS-LOCK II and SNF200020_184865/1, CAPS-LOCK III. R. G. H. was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant 678779, ROC-CO<INF>2</INF> and a NERC UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursaries Program (R. G. H, S. E. T, and E. T. T.). Additional logistical support was provided by the Aurora Research Institute. We thank Matthieu Dellinger, Christina Larkin, Jotautas Baronas, Gabriela Santilli, Barbara Lesniak, and Daniel Montlucon for assistance with sample collection, Bjorn Studer for dissolved organic carbon concentration measurements, and Fanny Leuenberger-West and Amanda Hayton for technical support. Supporting information is available for this paper.1051616<180 Day Usage Count>422AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.NOV 2820204723
e2020GL088823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088823http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL08882311Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyPE9JP33380763hybrid, Green Accepted, Green Published2023-03-11WOS:0005986770000110 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015281
Analysis of the Beaufort Gyre Freshwater Content in 2003-2018
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSGREAT SALINITY ANOMALIES; WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; SEA-ICE DECLINE; GEOSTROPHIC CURRENTS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; PATHWAYS; MECHANISMSProshutinsky, A; Krishfield, R; Toole, JM; Timmermans, ML; Williams, W; Zimmermann, S; Yamamoto-Kawai, M; Armitage, TWK; Dukhovskoy, D; Golubeva, E; Manucharyan, GE; Platov, G; Watanabe, E; Kikuchi, T; Nishino, S; Itoh, M; Kang, SH; Cho, KH; Tateyama, K; Zhao, JProshutinsky, A.; Krishfield, R.; Toole, J. M.; Timmermans, M-L.; Williams, W.; Zimmermann, S.; Yamamoto-Kawai, M.; Armitage, T. W. K.; Dukhovskoy, D.; Golubeva, E.; Manucharyan, G. E.; Platov, G.; Watanabe, E.; Kikuchi, T.; Nishino, S.; Itoh, M.; Kang, S-H.; Cho, K-H.; Tateyama, K.; Zhao, J.EnglishHydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom-anchored moorings, drifting Ice-Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean document an increase of more than 6,400 km(3) of liquid freshwater content from 2003 to 2018: a 40% growth relative to the climatology of the 1970s. This fresh water accumulation is shown to result from persistent anticyclonic atmospheric wind forcing (1997-2018) accompanied by sea ice melt, a wind-forced redirection of Mackenzie River discharge from predominantly eastward to westward flow, and a contribution of low salinity waters of Pacific Ocean origin via Bering Strait. Despite significant uncertainties in the different observations, this study has demonstrated the synergistic value of having multiple diverse datasets to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Beaufort Gyre freshwater content variability. For example, Beaufort Gyre Observational System (BGOS) surveys clearly show the interannual increase in freshwater content, but without satellite or Ice-Tethered Profiler measurements, it is not possible to resolve the seasonal cycle of freshwater content, which in fact is larger than the year-to-year variability, or the more subtle interannual variations. Plain Language Abstract The Beaufort Gyre centered in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean is the major reservoir of fresh water in the Arctic. The primary focus of this study is on quantifying variability and trends in liquid (water) and solid (sea ice) freshwater content in this region. The Beaufort Gyre Exploration Program was initiated in 2003 to synthesize results of historical data analysis, design and conduct long-term observations, and to provide information for numerical modeling under the umbrella of the FAMOS (Forum for Arctic Observing and Modeling Synthesis) project. The data collected from research cruises, moorings, Ice-Tethered Profiler observations, and satellite altimetry document an increase of more than 6,400 km(3) of liquid freshwater content from 2003 to 2018, a 40% growth relative to the climatology of the 1970s. This fresh water volume is comparable to the fresh water volume released to the sub-arctic seas during the Great Salinity Anomaly episode of the 1970s. Thus, since the 2000s, the stage has been set for another possible release of fresh water to lower latitudes with accompanying climate impacts, including changes to sea ice conditions, ocean circulation, and ecosystems of the Sub-Arctic similar to the influence of the Great Salinity Anomaly observed in the 1970s.[Proshutinsky, A.; Krishfield, R.; Toole, J. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Timmermans, M-L.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA; [Williams, W.; Zimmermann, S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Yamamoto-Kawai, M.] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Grad Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan; [Armitage, T. W. K.; Manucharyan, G. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Dukhovskoy, D.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Golubeva, E.; Platov, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Math & Math Geophys, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia; [Golubeva, E.; Platov, G.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Lab Math Modeling Atmosphere & Hydrosphere Proc, Novosibirsk, Russia; [Watanabe, E.; Kikuchi, T.; Nishino, S.; Itoh, M.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan; [Kang, S-H.; Cho, K-H.] Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon, South Korea; [Tateyama, K.] Kitami Inst Technol, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; [Zhao, J.] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R ChinaWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Yale University; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Tokyo University of Marine Science & Technology; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Kitami Institute of Technology; Ocean University of ChinaProshutinsky, A (corresponding author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.aproshutinsky@whoi.eduPlatov, Gennady/A-6598-2014; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/F-7611-2013; Golubeva, Elena N/L-1886-2013; Golubeva, Elena N./A-6606-2014; WATANABE, EIJI/C-2797-2009Platov, Gennady/0000-0003-3142-0721; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/0000-0002-1035-2179; Golubeva, Elena N./0000-0001-6178-6789; Manucharyan, Georgy/0000-0001-7959-2675NSF [PLR-1302884, OPP-1719280, OPP-1845877, PLR-1303644, OPP-1756100]; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; DFO; Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; DOE [DE-SC0014378]; HYCOM NOPP [N00014-15-1-2594]; Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences [51]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [17-05-00382]; Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship at Caltech; JAMSTEC; Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program/Arctic Climate Change Research Project; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Earth Observation Research Center (EORC); Korea Arctic Ocean Observing System (K-AOOS; KOPRI) - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea [20160245]; Global Change Research Program of China [2015CB953900]; Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [41330960]NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; DFO; Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); DOE(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); HYCOM NOPP; Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences(Russian Academy of Sciences); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship at Caltech; JAMSTEC; Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program/Arctic Climate Change Research Project; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project - Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Earth Observation Research Center (EORC); Korea Arctic Ocean Observing System (K-AOOS; KOPRI) - Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea; Global Change Research Program of China; Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC))We are deeply indebted to the captains and crews of the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent, R/V Mirai (Japan), Araon (Korea), and Xuelong (China) for their undaunted efforts in completing our ambitious Canada Basin expeditions and to the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) for their 16-year-long support of the Beaufort Gyre Observing System. The funding for Proshutinsky, Krishfield, Toole, and Timmermans was provided by the NSF under grants supporting the BGOS (PLR-1302884, OPP-1719280, and OPP-1845877) and ITP (PLR-1303644 and OPP-1756100) projects and by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Williams and Zimmermann were supported by DFO and Yamamoto-Kawai by Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology. Armitage was supported at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Dukhovskoy was funded by the DOE (award is DE-SC0014378) and HYCOM NOPP (award is N00014-15-1-2594). Platov and Golubeva were supported by grant of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences, Project No. 51, and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 17-05-00382. Manucharyan acknowledges support from the Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship at Caltech. Watanabe, Kikuchi, Nishino, and Itoh are supported by JAMSTEC, Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Program/Arctic Climate Change Research Project and Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT). Tateyama is supported by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) under Research Announcement on the Earth Observations 1 and 2. Kang and Cho are supported by the Korea Arctic Ocean Observing System (K-AOOS; KOPRI, 20160245), funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. Zhao is supported by the Global Change Research Program of China (2015CB953900) and Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41330960). Annual freshwater content data from moorings plotted in Figure 2 are provided in supporting information S5.1. Monthly data used in Figure 3 are provided in supporting information S5.2-S5.9. Arctic dynamic topography/geostrophic currents data were provided by the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University College London (www.cpom.ucl.ac.uk/dynamic_topography; Armitage et al., 2016, 2017). The other data used in this paper are available at the NCAR/NCEP (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html), NSIDC (https://nsidc.org/), NSF's Arctic data center (https://arcticdata.io/), WHOI Beaufort Gyre exploration website (www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre), JAMSTEC data site Data and Sample Research System for Whole Cruise Information in JAMSTEC (DARWIN), www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/e; from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Region, Institute of Ocean Sciences Data Archive (http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/oceans/data-donnees/index-eng.html) and from Korea Polar Data Center (https://kpdc.kopri.re.kr/download/?dir=/2012_ArcticCruise_data/).Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.936871<180 Day Usage Count>215AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansDEC20191241296589689
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015281http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JC01528132OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyKI4PF32055432Green Published, hybrid, Green Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0005113316000600 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTibbett and Gordon LakesNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.062
Annual dynamics and resilience in post-fire boreal understory vascular plant communities
ArticleFOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENTPlant species composition; Resilience; Subarctic boreal forest; Temporal dynamics; Understory; WildfireFIRE SEVERITY; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; FOREST; FREQUENCY; DIVERSITY; RECOVERYDay, NJ; Corriere, S; Baltzer, JLDay, Nicola J.; Corriere, Suzanne; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishBoreal forests in western North America are considered to be resilient to wildfire disturbance, demonstrated by paleoecological evidence and adaptive regenerative traits possessed by many species. However, little is known about drivers of fine-scale temporal changes in understory communities in boreal forests immediately following fire. Knowledge of these changes, and their relationships with burn severity and pre-fire forest stand conditions, could help us determine recovery of forests as wildlife habitat. Such information is urgently needed in the face of climate warming-induced changes in fire frequency and severity. We used a high-quality, long-term dataset of annual measurements of understory vascular plant communities in sub-arctic boreal forest stands dominated by jack pine (Pinus banksiana), black spruce (Picea mariana), or a mix of the two in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Here, we describe the initial 10 years of annual post-fire understory plant community dynamics and assess the important drivers shaping understory composition during this critical period of post-disturbance community assembly. First, we determined the relative importance of burn severity, pre-fire forest type, bare ground, woody debris, and number of years post-fire on understory species richness and composition dynamics following fire. Second, we explored annual dynamics in these communities and determined if compositional change was directional and predictable over time. We found that pre-fire forest type, burn severity, bare ground, woody debris, and number of years post-fire were important predictors of post-fire species richness and composition. Pre-fire forest type explained the greatest variation in understory plant composition, followed by burn severity. Across forest types, most species established within 1-3 years following fire and initial species composition determined directional changes in composition. Our results suggest that targeting monitoring efforts in the years immediately post-fire may be sufficient to understand forest successional direction with respect to composition and the important drivers of those changes over the first decade post-fire. However, the recent and ongoing impacts of climate change in boreal regions of western North America leads to uncertainty surrounding the continued ability of these forests to demonstrate resilience under an altered fire regime so these interactions should continue to be considered across a range of forest types and burn severities. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Day, Nicola J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Corriere, Suzanne] Govt Northwest Terr, Wildlife Div, Environm & Nat Resources, Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityDay, NJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.njday.ac@gmail.comDay, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585GNWT; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postdoctoral Fellowship; GNWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring ProgramGNWT; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postdoctoral Fellowship; GNWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring ProgramWe would like to thank the many students who helped collect and enter these data. Thank you to Kathleen Groenewegen of the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) for providing information about the Tibbitt Lake Fire, Alison White for discussion on aspects of the results, and to four anonymous reviewers whose suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the GNWT (SC). NJD was supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postdoctoral Fellowship and funding from the GNWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program awarded to JLB.531414<180 Day Usage Count>572ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0378-11271872-7042FOREST ECOL MANAGFor. Ecol. Manage.OCT 12017401264272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.062http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.0629ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryFE2UU2023-03-05WOS:0004080733000270 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0024
Are different benthic communities in Arctic delta lakes distinguishable along a hydrological connectivity gradient using a rapid bioassessment approach?
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEbenthic invertebrates; biomonitoring; Mackenzie Delta; floodplain lakes; limnologyMACKENZIE DELTA; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; MACROINVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY; CHIRONOMID COMMUNITY; WATER TRANSPARENCY; SAMPLING EFFORT; ICE BREAKUP; PERMAFROST; CARBON; CLIMATEScott, RW; Tank, SE; Wang, XW; Quinlan, RScott, Ryan W.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Wang, Xiaowa; Quinlan, RobertoEnglishAquatic habitats in the Canadian Arctic are expected to come under increasing stress due to projected effects of climate change. There is a need for community-based biomonitoring programs to observe and understand the effects of these stressors on the environment. Here we present results from a 5 year annual sampling program of benthic invertebrates from lakes in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, using a rapid bioassessment protocol. Connectivity between the deltaic lakes and main channels is a major driver of lake function and is expected to be substantially impacted by climate change. Lakes were selected along a gradient of connectivity based on sill elevation above the river. Using multivariate analyses of community structure, we determined that benthic assemblages responded to differences in connection time among lakes. This response was detected using a coarse taxonomic level that could be applied by community groups or volunteers but was stronger when invertebrates were identified to the family and genus levels. A secondary gradient was observed that corresponded to productivity gradients in lakes that are isolated from the river during summer. We show that benthic assemblages have potential use as sensitive indicators of climate-mediated changes to the hydrology of lakes in the Mackenzie Delta.[Scott, Ryan W.; Quinlan, Roberto] York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 2V1, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB TG6 2E9, Canada; [Wang, Xiaowa] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, CanadaYork University - Canada; University of Alberta; Environment & Climate Change CanadaScott, RW (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 2V1, Canada.ryan_scott5@hotmail.com; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Scott, Ryan/0000-0002-8111-8961; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC Discovery Northern Research Supplement grants; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Discovery Northern Research Supplement grants; Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and NSERC Discovery Northern Research Supplement grants to R.Q. and Northern Scientific Training Program support to R.W.S. Logistical and technical support was provided by the Western Arctic Research Centre, Aurora Research Institute, in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, and we express thanks to Jolie Gareis, William Hurst and Edwin Amos for their valuable advice and assistance. We thank Andrew Medeiros, Christopher Luszczek, Sara Masood, Frankie Talarico, Cait Carew, and Dmitri Perlov from York University for assistance in the field. We are also grateful to Professor Lance Lesack from Simon Fraser University for providing valuable advice on calculating connection times. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript. This research was conducted as a part of Scientific Research Licenses 15272, 15403, 15652, 15811, and 16149 from the Aurora Research Institute.8511<180 Day Usage Count>05CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC202064463487
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0024http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-002425Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsPR4EGgold2023-03-11WOS:0006071900000060 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveCameron Hills former oil and gas fieldNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2019/1191
Assessing long-term changes in aquatic ecosystems near a small conventional oil and gas operation in the Cameron Hills, southern Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleFUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGYdiatoms; paleolimnology; dissolved organic carbon; pH; subarctic; climate change; oil and gas developmentDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; FRESH-WATERS; LAKES; PERMAFROST; CLIMATE; SEDIMENT; ACIDIFICATION; IMPACTS; THAWColeman, KA; Palmer, MJ; Korosi, JB; Thienpont, JR; Blais, JM; Smol, JRColeman, Kristen A.; Palmer, Michael J.; Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Blais, Jules M.; Smol, John R.EnglishThe Cameron Mills is a freshwater-rich region located at the border of Alberta and the Northwest Territories and is the site of a small, remote oil and gas operation. Ecological monitoring data are scarce in the Cameron Hills, and absent prior to the onset of oil and gas development in the 1960s. Consequently, the potential impacts of industrial activities on freshwater ecosystems in the Cameron Hills are unknown. Identifying ecosystem responses to industrial activities is further confounded by the effects of climate change, as this region has undergone substantial wanning since similar to 1900. To address this important knowledge gap, we used an integrated spatial and temporal approach to investigate how climate warming and industrial activities may have altered water quality in the region. Water samples and sediment cores were collected from lakes with varying degrees of catchment disturbance related to oil and gas activities. Comparison of catchment characteristics and modern water chemistry data suggest that catchment disturbance may be increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to lakes. Additionally, lakes in close proximity to the central battery exhibit lower pH than more distant lakes, which may be due to inputs of organic acids. Changes in diatom assemblages preserved in a dated sediment core from a lake with a disturbed catchment are consistent with modern water chemistry, indicating a trend toward increasing DOC and decreasing pH. Despite evidence of localized impacts related to oil and gas activities, changes in diatom assemblages suggest that regionally climate warming is currently the dominant driver of changes in lakes in the Cameron Hills.[Coleman, Kristen A.; Smol, John R.] Queens Univ, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Palmer, Michael J.] Govt Northwest Terr, Cumulat Impact Monitoring Program, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Coleman, Kristen A.; Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Palmer, Michael J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaQueens University - Canada; University of Ottawa; York University - Canada; Carleton UniversityColeman, KA (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Coleman, KA (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.kcoleman@yorku.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program of the Government of the Northwest TerritoriesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program of the Government of the Northwest TerritoriesThis study was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) strategic grant to JMB and JPS, an NSERC Northern Supplement to JMB, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program of the Government of the Northwest Territories. Krista Chin (GNWT), Cyndy Desjardins (University of Ottawa), and Melanie Simba, George Simba, Fred Simba, Frank Bonnetrouge, and Chief Lloyd Chicot from the Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation participated in the field work. We thank Paramount Resources Ltd for field support and assisting with field logistics. We also thank Angela Love from the Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board for providing annual reports on operations in the Cameron Hills.7011<180 Day Usage Count>022E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNGSTUTTGARTNAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY1863-9135FUND APPL LIMNOLFundam. Appl. Limnol.APR20191923181197
http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2019/1191http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2019/119117Limnology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater BiologyHU0RL2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004649784000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019
A synthesis of three decades of hydrological research at Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST BASIN; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BOREAL PLAINS; PORE-SIZE; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; COVERED HILLSLOPES; RUNOFF GENERATION; DEHCHO REGION; SURFACE-WATERQuinton, W; Berg, A; Braverman, M; Carpino, O; Chasmer, L; Connon, R; Craig, J; Devoie, E; Hayashi, M; Haynes, K; Olefeldt, D; Pietroniro, A; Rezanezhad, F; Schincariol, R; Sonnentag, OQuinton, William; Berg, Aaron; Braverman, Michael; Carpino, Olivia; Chasmer, Laura; Connon, Ryan; Craig, James; Devoie, Elise; Hayashi, Masaki; Haynes, Kristine; Olefeldt, David; Pietroniro, Alain; Rezanezhad, Fereidoun; Schincariol, Robert; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishScotty Creek, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, has been the focus of hydrological research for nearly three decades. Over this period, field and modelling studies have generated new insights into the thermal and physical mechanisms governing the flux and storage of water in the wetland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost that characterises much of the Canadian and circumpolar subarctic. Research at Scotty Creek has coincided with a period of unprecedented climate warming, permafrost thaw, and resulting land cover transformations including the expansion of wetland areas and loss of forests. This paper (1) synthesises field and modelling studies at Scotty Creek, (2) highlights the key insights of these studies on the major water flux and storage processes operating within and between the major land cover types, and (3) provides insights into the rate and pattern of the permafrost-thaw-induced land cover change and how such changes will affect the hydrology and water resources of the study region.[Quinton, William; Braverman, Michael; Carpino, Olivia; Connon, Ryan; Devoie, Elise; Haynes, Kristine] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Berg, Aaron] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Braverman, Michael] GHD Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Craig, James; Devoie, Elise] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Hayashi, Masaki] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Pietroniro, Alain] Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Water Inst, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Schincariol, Robert] Western Univ, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Guelph; University of Lethbridge; University of Waterloo; University of Calgary; University of Alberta; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo; Western University (University of Western Ontario); Universite de Montreal; Universite de MontrealQuinton, W (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.wquinton@wlu.caHayashi, Masaki/E-2600-2012; Berg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Hayashi, Masaki/0000-0003-4890-3113; Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Carpino, Olivia/0000-0002-6884-204X; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Devoie, Elise/0000-0003-1752-8437Dehcho First Nations; Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition - CPET)Dehcho First Nations; Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition - CPET)We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Dehcho First Nations, in particular, the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean Marie River First Nation. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through their funding of Discovery Grants and a Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition - CPET). We also acknowledge support for infrastructure at the Scotty Creek Research Station through the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI).1082626<180 Day Usage Count>19COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.APR 24201923420152039
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-201925Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesHU9SMGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004656342000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveArea around Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.965605
Assessing the broadscale effects of wildfire under extreme drought conditions to boreal peatlands
ArticleFRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGEpeatland; wildfire; drought; boreal; fire severity; ecosystem vulnerability; soil organic layer; seasonalityFIRE-REGIME; BURN SEVERITY; BLACK SPRUCE; FOREST; VEGETATION; RECONSTRUCTION; VULNERABILITY; WEATHER; CLIMATE; DRIVENBourgeau-Chavez, LL; Graham, JA; Vander Bilt, DJL; Battaglia, MJBourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Graham, Jeremy A.; Vander Bilt, Dorthea J. L.; Battaglia, Michael J.EnglishClimate warming and changing fire regimes in the North American boreal zone have the capacity to alter the hydrology and ecology of the landscape with long term consequences to peatland ecosystems and their traditional role as carbon sinks. It is important to understand how peatlands are affected by wildfire in relation to both extent of burn and severity of burn to the organic soil (peat) layers where most of the C is stored. Peatlands cover more than 75% of the landscape in the southern Northwest Territories, Canada where extreme drought led to widespread wildfires in 2014-2015. To assess the wildfire effects across a 14.6 million ha study area including 136 wildfire events, we used an integration of field data collection, land cover mapping of peatland and upland ecotypes, Landsat-8-based mapping of burn severity to the soil organic layers, and MODIS-hotspot mapping of fire progression for season of burning. The intersection of these geospatial products allows for a broadscale assessment of wildfire effects across gradients of ecotype, ecoregions, seasons, and year of burn. Using a series of chi-squared goodness of fit tests, we found that peatlands are more susceptible to wildfire on the Taiga shield where they are smaller and hydrologically isolated by the rocky landscape. There burning affected proportionally larger peat areas with an evenness of burn severity to the organic soil layers which may lead to less spatial diversity in post-fire recovery, making the landscape less resilient to future fire. The most resilient peatlands are expected to be hydrologically well-connected to both ground water systems and larger peatland complexes such as those on the Taiga plains which exhibited large unburned and singed patches across the landscape, and greater variability in burn severity across seasons and ecotypes. Understanding the tipping point of drought conditions at which the landscape becomes connected, and peatlands are susceptible to wildfire with deeper burning of the organic soil layers is important for understanding the potential future effects of climate change and projected increases in wildfire on peatlands. This is critical for C accounting and climate mitigation strategies.[Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Graham, Jeremy A.; Vander Bilt, Dorthea J. L.; Battaglia, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 49931 USAMichigan Technological UniversityBourgeau-Chavez, LL (corresponding author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 49931 USA.lchavez@mtu.edu6100<180 Day Usage Count>77FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2624-893XFRONT FOR GLOB CHANGFront. For. Glob. ChangeDEC 2020225
965605
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.965605http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.96560523Ecology; ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry7L3FWgold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0009058571000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaAlong the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6185-2022
Assessing the influence of lake and watershed attributes on snowmelt bypass at thermokarst lakes
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESSUB-ARCTIC LAKES; OLD CROW FLATS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; CATCHMENT CHARACTERISTICS; RUNOFF CHEMISTRY; THERMAL REGIMES; TUNDRA; ICE; PERMAFROSTWilcox, EJ; Wolfe, BB; Marsh, PWilcox, Evan J.; Wolfe, Brent B.; Marsh, PhilipEnglishSnow represents the largest potential source of water for thermokarst lakes, but the runoff generated by snowmelt (freshet) can flow beneath lake ice and via the outlet without mixing with and replacing pre-snowmelt lake water. Although this phenomenon, called snowmelt bypass, is common in ice-covered lakes, it is unknown which lake and watershed properties cause variation in snowmelt bypass among lakes. Understanding the variability of snowmelt bypass is important because the amount of freshet that is mixed into a lake affects the hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the lake. To explore lake and watershed attributes that influence snowmelt bypass, we sampled 17 open-drainage thermokarst lakes for isotope analysis before and after snowmelt. Isotope data were used to estimate the amount of lake water replaced by freshet and to observe how the water sources of lakes changed in response to the freshet. Among the lakes, a median of 25.2 % of lake water was replaced by freshet, with values ranging widely from 5.2 % to 52.8 %. For every metre that lake depth increased, the portion of lake water replaced by freshet decreased by an average of 13 %, regardless of the size of the lake's watershed. The thickness of the freshet layer was not proportional to maximum lake depth, so that a relatively larger portion of pre-snowmelt lake water remained isolated in deeper lakes. We expect that a similar relationship between increasing lake depth and greater snowmelt bypass could be present at all ice-covered open-drainage lakes that are partially mixed during the freshet. The water source of freshet that was mixed into lakes was not exclusively snowmelt but a combination of snowmelt mixed with rain-sourced water that was released as the soil thawed after snowmelt. As climate warming increases rainfall and shrubification causes earlier snowmelt timing relative to lake ice melt, snowmelt bypass may become more prevalent, with the water remaining in thermokarst lakes post-freshet becoming increasingly rainfall sourced. However, if climate change causes lake levels to fall below the outlet level (i.e., lakes become closed-drainage), more freshet may be retained by thermokarst lakes as snowmelt bypass will not be able to occur until lakes reach their outlet level.[Wilcox, Evan J.; Wolfe, Brent B.; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityWilcox, EJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.evan.j.wilcox@gmail.comWilcox, Evan J/0000-0002-4172-7623Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2016-06251]; W. Garfield Weston Award for Northern Research [201836739503]; Ontario Graduate Scholarship, ArcticNet, Northern Water Futures, Northern Scientific Training Program [90884513]; Polar Continental Shelf Program, Canada Research Chairs ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); W. Garfield Weston Award for Northern Research; Ontario Graduate Scholarship, ArcticNet, Northern Water Futures, Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program, Canada Research Chairs ProgramThis research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-2016-06251), W. Garfield Weston Award for Northern Research (grant no. 201836739503), Ontario Graduate Scholarship, ArcticNet, Northern Water Futures, Northern Scientific Training Program (grant no. 90884513), Polar Continental Shelf Program, Canada Research Chairs Program, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada9900<180 Day Usage Count>33COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.DEC 92022262361856205
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6185-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6185-202221Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water Resources6V3LNGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008949539000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort shorelineNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.698660
Assessment of Storm Surge History as Recorded by Driftwood in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Arctic Canada
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEstorm surge; coastal erosion; structure from motion; coastal hazards; arctic storms; unoccupied aerial vehicle; arctic driftwoodBEAUFORT SEA COAST; IMPACTS; PERMAFROST; ICE; EROSIONMacLeod, RF; Dallimore, SRMacLeod, Roger F.; Dallimore, Scott R.EnglishThe southern Beaufort coastline in Canada experiences significant storm surge events that are thought to play an important role in coastal erosion and influence permafrost dynamics. Unfortunately, many of these events have not been documented with tide gauge records. In this paper, we evaluate coastal driftwood accumulations as a proxy for estimating maximum storm surge heights and the history of these events. We use historical air photos and data derived from Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery to resurvey four coastal stranded driftwood study sites that were first appraised in 1985-86 and assess two new regional sites in the Mackenzie Delta. Maximum storm surge heights were found to be similar to observations carried out in the 1980s, however, we refine the elevations with more accuracy and reference these to a vertical datum appropriate for incorporating into sea level hazard assessments. Detailed mapping, historical air photo comparisons and the UAV acquired imagery at a site close to Tuktoyaktuk demonstrate that the highest storm surge at this site (1.98 m CGVD2013) occurred in association with a severe storm in 1970. This event shifted driftwood and floated material slightly upslope from an older event thought to occur in 1944 that reached 1.85 m (CGVD2013) elevation. The quality and accuracy of the high-resolution Digital Surface Model (DSM) and orthophoto derived from Structure from Motion (SfM) processing of the UAV photographs allowed mapping of four distinct stratigraphic units within the driftwood piles. Based on variations in anthropogenic debris composition, weathering characteristics and history of movement on aerial photographs, we conclude that no storm surge events at Tuktoyaktuk have exceeded similar to 1.3 m (CGVD2013) since 1970. While there has been some speculation that ongoing climate change may lead to more frequent large magnitude storm surges along the Beaufort coast, our study and available tide gauge measurements, suggest that while moderate elevation storm surges may be more frequent in the past several decades, they have not approached the magnitude of the 1970 event.[MacLeod, Roger F.; Dallimore, Scott R.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaMacLeod, RF (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Sidney, BC, Canada.roger.macleod@nrcan-rncan.gc.caGeological Survey of Canada through its Public SafetyGeoscience Program [20210424]; Program for Energy Research and DevelopmentGeological Survey of Canada through its Public SafetyGeoscience Program; Program for Energy Research and DevelopmentFunding The research described in this paper was supported by the Geological Survey of Canada through its Public Safety Geoscience Program and the Program for Energy Research and Development. The Polar Continental Shelf Program also provided logistical support.7511<180 Day Usage Count>12FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.DEC 720219
698660
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.698660http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.69866016Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyYI0PIgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0007435591000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaLakes on the Mackenzie uplands northeast of InuvikNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2134
Assessment of the sediment and associated nutrient/contaminant continuum, from permafrost thaw slump scars to tundra lakes in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESnorthwestern Canadian Arctic; sediment; nutrient; contaminant continuum; thaw slump scars; tundra lakesMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; FRESH-WATER; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; OIL SANDS; FLOCCULATION; RADIATION; NUTRIENT; QUALITYDroppo, IG; di Cenzo, P; McFadyen, R; Reid, TDroppo, Ian G.; di Cenzo, Peter; McFadyen, Renee; Reid, ThomasEnglishWithin the Canadian Arctic, vast areas of previously frozen sediments and carbon are being released into aquatic ecosystems via the occurrence of permafrost thaw and retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs). While knowledge of mass wasting RTS processes are more advanced, the significance of exposed retrogressive thaw slump scars (RTSSs) at various phases of stabilization to yield additional large quantities of ecologically relevant sediment to lakes and rivers is not well constrained. Using laboratory simulation (linked rainfall and lake flow dynamics), RTS sediments were investigated to assess the sediment continuum from the terrestrial RTSSs to depositional zones within two Arctic tundra lakes. Using an estimate of 30% of the RTSS areas contributing sediment under hypothetical 20- and 100-year rainfall events, up to 598 and 997 kg hr(-1) of RTSS sediment washoff was projected respectively. Eroded particle size, regardless of lake or initial bulk RTSS size distribution, was dominated by individual clay particles (<5 mu m) that were winnowed from the RTSS surface sediment. Given this is the most biogeochemical relevant fraction, it has the potential for significant ecological impact on the lakes. This deposited fine sediment was found to be very unstable with a critical shear stress for erosion close to that of the critical shear for deposition (0.05 Pa). As such, wave energy is expected to have an impact on remobilization of fine sediments and associated compounds with concomitant implications for lake-ecosystem health.[Droppo, Ian G.; McFadyen, Renee; Reid, Thomas] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [di Cenzo, Peter] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of VictoriaDroppo, IG (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.ian.droppo@canada.caReid, Thomas/0000-0002-4389-9891Environment Canada; Aurora Research InstituteEnvironment Canada(CGIAR); Aurora Research InstituteEnvironment Canada; Aurora Research Institute6211<180 Day Usage Count>211WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN20223313245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2134http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21342021-12-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyYN6PV2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0007243279000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth Slave, North SlaveBetween Fort Providence and BehchokoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121330
Avian Response to Wildfire Severity in a Northern Boreal Region
ArticleFORESTSautonomous recording unit; burn severity; community composition; forest bird; functional diversity; resistance; occupancy; species richnessBIRD COMMUNITIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; BURN SEVERITY; FOREST BIRDS; PATTERNS; HARVEST; SUCCESSION; SONGBIRDS; AMERICAKnaggs, M; Hache, S; Nielsen, SE; Pankratz, RF; Bayne, EKnaggs, Michelle; Hache, Samuel; Nielsen, Scott E.; Pankratz, Rhiannon F.; Bayne, ErinEnglishResearch Highlights: The effects of fire on birds in the most northern parts of the boreal forest are understudied. We found distinct differences in bird communities with increasing fire severity in two vegetation types with naturally different burn severity. The highest severity burns tended to have communities dominated by generalist species, regardless of the original vegetation type. Background and Objectives: Wildfire is the primary natural disturbance in the boreal ecosystems of northwestern Canada. Increased wildfire frequency, extent, and severity are expected with climate change in this region. In particular, the proportion of burns that are high severity and the area of peatlands burned are increasing, and how this influences birds is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: We quantified the effects of burn severity (low, moderate, and high severity) in uplands and peatlands on occupancy, density, richness, community composition, and functional diversity using point counts (n = 1158) from the first two years post-fire for two large fires in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Results: Burn severity had a significant effect on the occupancy and density of 86% of our focal species (n = 20). Responses to burn severity depended on vegetation type for four of the 18 species using occupancy and seven of the 18 using density, but were typically in a similar direction. Species richness and functional diversity were lower in areas of high severity burns than unburned areas and low severity burns in peatlands. Richness was not related to severity in uplands, but functional diversity was. Peatlands had higher species richness than uplands in all burn severities, but as burn severity increased the upland and peatland communities became more similar. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high severity burns in both vegetation types support five generalist species and two fire specialists that may benefit from alterations in vegetation structure as a result of climate induced changes to fire regimes. However, eight species avoided burns, particularly birds preferring peatlands, and are likely to be more susceptible to fire-driven changes to their habitat caused by climate change. Understanding the long-term risks to these species from climate change requires additional efforts that link fire to bird populations.[Knaggs, Michelle; Nielsen, Scott E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Hache, Samuel; Pankratz, Rhiannon F.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 5019 52nd St, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, Canada; [Bayne, Erin] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of AlbertaKnaggs, M (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.knaggs@ualberta.ca; samuel.hache@canada.ca; scottn@ualberta.ca; rhiannon.pankratz@canada.ca; bayne@ualberta.ca; Nielsen, Scott/C-2842-2013Pankratz, Rhiannon/0000-0003-1345-6624; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Hache, Samuel/0000-0003-3952-009XCanadian Wildlife Service Northern Region landbird program of Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada CREATE-Environmental Innovation training and research program graduate scholarshipCanadian Wildlife Service Northern Region landbird program of Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada CREATE-Environmental Innovation training and research program graduate scholarshipThis research was funded by the Canadian Wildlife Service Northern Region landbird program of Environment and Climate Change Canada and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada CREATE-Environmental Innovation training and research program graduate scholarship.7744<180 Day Usage Count>213MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND1999-4907FORESTSForestsDEC20201112
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121330http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f1112133023ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryPJ8AQgold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0006019836000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12178
Beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas late summer habitat use and support for foraging areas in the Canadian Beaufort Sea
ArticleMARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIESBeluga whale; Resource selection function; Aerial surveys; Beaufort Sea; Arctic cod; Climate changeCOD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BOWHEAD WHALES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; AUTUMN MOVEMENTS; CAPE BATHURST; WATER MASS; POLAR COD; FOOD-WEBHornby, CA; Iacozza, J; Hoover, C; Barber, DG; Loseto, LLHornby, Claire A.; Iacozza, John; Hoover, Carie; Barber, David G.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishThe eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas population aggregates in the Mackenzie Estuary every summer, and moves toward the continental shelf and offshore waters in the late summer. From 2007 to 2009, systematic aerial surveys recorded beluga whale locations beyond the estuary, over the Mackenzie Shelf and offshore waters, where distributions were observed to occur widely. It is thought that beluga use of the offshore is primarily driven by feeding opportunities, and historical abundance trends suggest that the offshore may have become more attractive to beluga in response to prey availability. To determine drivers of beluga late summer habitat use, a resource selection function (RSF) model was used to measure se lection of 4 key environmental variables: (1) chlorophyll a, (2) sea surface temperature, (3) bathymetry and (4) distance from shore. Results revealed that all 4 variables contributed significantly to the individual 2007, 2008 and 2009 best-fit habitat models. Beluga preferred warmer sea surface temperatures (> 2 degrees C) and mid-to-high chlorophyll a concentrations (0.01-10 mg m(-3)), conditions that are indicative of enhanced local productivity and/or upwelling. Beluga distributions varied slightly between years, although high-use areas were identified in nearshore waters (0-50 m) offshore of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, and along the continental shelf-slope (100-500 m), a region known to support a principal prey species, Arctic cod Boreogadus saida. This study improved knowledge of beluga habitat use in the offshore and revealed that selection of late summer oceanographic variables may provide support for foraging habitats, as these dynamic conditions are important to structuring forage fish ecosystems.[Hornby, Claire A.; Hoover, Carie; Barber, David G.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, CEOS, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Iacozza, John] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Hoover, Carie; Loseto, Lisa L.] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHornby, CA (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, CEOS, 125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.claire.hornby@dfo-mpo.gc.caLoseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821X; Barber, David/0000-0001-9466-3291; Hoover, Carie/0000-0002-5343-9805Department of Fisheries and Oceans; Program of Energy Research and Development and Environmental Study Research Funds; ArcticNetDepartment of Fisheries and Oceans; Program of Energy Research and Development and Environmental Study Research Funds; ArcticNetAcademic funding was provided through the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Program of Energy Research and Development and Environmental Study Research Funds, and ArcticNet. This work would not have been possible without the expertise, knowledge and effort of Lois Harwood, who generously supplied the offshore aerial survey data. We also acknowledge the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Program of Energy Research and Development, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, ConocoPhillips, BP Canada, ION/GXT and Imperial Oil, for their contributions to the 2007-2009 aerial survey programs. In addition, we thank A. Majewski, S. MacPhee and A. Niemi for consultation on findings from the Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment project (BREA). This work is a contribution to the ArcticNet Networks of Centres of Excellence and the Arctic Science Partnership (asp-net. org).8655<180 Day Usage Count>018INTER-RESEARCHOLDENDORF LUHENORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY0171-86301616-1599MAR ECOL PROG SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.JUL 42017574243257
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12178http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps1217815Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyEZ8XW2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004050138000180 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area, Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam Marine Protected AreaYGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.05.026
Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), environmental change and marine protected areas in the Western Canadian Arctic
ArticleESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCEIndicator; Management plans; Marine; Ecosystem; Inuvialuit; Indigenous knowledgeBEAUFORT SEA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; LANCASTER SOUND; BODY CONDITION; HABITAT USE; MERCURY; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEM; ICELoseto, LL; Hoover, C; Ostertag, S; Whalen, D; Pearce, T; Paulic, J; Iacozza, J; MacPhee, SLoseto, L. L.; Hoover, C.; Ostertag, S.; Whalen, D.; Pearce, T.; Paulic, J.; Iacozza, J.; MacPhee, S.EnglishTwo Arctic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (Tarium Niryutait and Anguniaqvia niqiqyuam) have been established in the Western Canadian Arctic, including the first in the Arctic, with conservation objectives directed to protect and maintain healthy beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) populations. The MPAs support the continued access of Inuvialuit (Western Arctic Inuit) to harvest beluga whales for food security and cultural purposes. The land claim and co-management framework for the Inuvialuit Settlement Region support the long term monitoring and management plans for this beluga population. We draw upon over 40 years of monitoring of the Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whale population and consider the utility of biological indicators for MPA management. In particular we focus on the conservation of a beluga population whose home range extends far beyond MPA boundaries (transboundary population with summer core area in excess of 36, 000 Km(2)). We conclude that the EBS beluga whales are effective indicators of environmental change, but that we have limited understanding of the temporal and spatial relationships between beluga responses to processes that drive environmental change. Management bodies are challenged with implementing indicators that measure the impacts of 'non-manageable' stressors such as climate change, and by uncertainty in the mechanistic relationships that drive biological indicators. Given that Inuvialuit continue to be astute observers of the environment and changing conditions, our assessment suggests that Indigenous knowledge will continue to enhance the development and interpretation of beluga whale indicators for use in MPA monitoring and management.[Loseto, L. L.; Hoover, C.; Ostertag, S.; Paulic, J.; MacPhee, S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Cres, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Loseto, L. L.; Hoover, C.; Iacozza, J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, 500 Univ Cres, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Whalen, D.] Nat Resources Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2T 1M1, Canada; [Pearce, T.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia; [Pearce, T.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; Natural Resources Canada; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of GuelphLoseto, LL (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Cres, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.lisa.loseto@dfo-mpo.gc.caLoseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020; Pearce, Tristan/L-9139-2019Hoover, Carie/0000-0002-5343-9805; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Contaminants Program; Program of Energy Research and Development; Environmental Studies Research FundArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Contaminants Program; Program of Energy Research and Development; Environmental Studies Research FundWe would like to thank ArcticNet who supported LL and TP's research on indicators. We also acknowledge project funding from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, the Northern Contaminants Program, Program of Energy Research and Development, Environmental Studies Research Fund who have supported the long term monitoring programs of the this beluga whale population. We are grateful for the partnerships with the Fisheries and Joint Management Committee, the Inuvialuit Game Council and the Hunters and Trapper's Committees of all ISR communities who have supported the long term collection of beluga harvest and distribution data.981818<180 Day Usage Count>578ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDLONDON24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND0272-77141096-0015ESTUAR COAST SHELF SEstuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.NOV 152018212128137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.05.026http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.05.02610Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyGV7EZ2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004462861000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12582
Benthic-pelagic trophic coupling in an Arctic marine food web along vertical water mass and organic matter gradients
ArticleMARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIESWater column; Benthic food supply; Beaufort Sea; Niche dimensionsCANADIAN BEAUFORT SHELF; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CHUKCHI SEA; ASSIMILATION PATHWAYS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FISH COMMUNITY; BERING-SEA; ICE ALGAE; CARBONStasko, AD; Bluhm, BA; Michel, C; Archambault, P; Majewski, A; Reist, JD; Swanson, H; Power, MStasko, Ashley D.; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Michel, Christine; Archambault, Philippe; Majewski, Andrew; Reist, James D.; Swanson, Heidi; Power, MichaelEnglishUnderstanding drivers of benthic-pelagic coupling in Arctic marine ecosystems is key to identifying benthic areas that may be sensitive to climate-driven changes in hydrography and surface production. We coupled algal biomass and sedimentary characteristics with stable isotope data for 113 fishes and invertebrates in the Canadian Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf to examine how trophic structure was influenced by the vertical water mass structure and by organic matter input regimes, from 20 to 1000 m depths. Indices of community-level trophic diversity (isotopic niche size, C-13 enrichment relative to a pelagic baseline, and delta C-13 isotopic range) increased from west to east, coincident with the use of more diverse dietary carbon sources among benthic functional groups. Data suggested benthic-pelagic trophic coupling was strongest in the western study region where pelagic sinking flux is relatively high, intermediate in the central region dominated by riverine inputs of terrestrial organic matter, and weakest in the east where strong pelagic grazing is known to limit sinking flux. Differences in delta C-13 between pelagic and benthic functional groups (up to 5.7 parts per thousand) increased from west to east, and from the near-shore shelf to the upper slope. On the upper slope, much of the sinking organic matter may be intercepted in the water column, and dynamic hydrography likely diversifies available food sources. In waters > 750 m there were no clear trends in benthic-pelagic coupling or community-level trophic diversity. This study represents the first description of fish and invertebrate food web structure > 200 m in the Canadian Beaufort Sea.[Stasko, Ashley D.; Swanson, Heidi; Power, Michael] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Stasko, Ashley D.; Michel, Christine; Majewski, Andrew; Reist, James D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Bluhm, Bodil A.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, N-9019 Tromso, Norway; [Archambault, Philippe] Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Takuvik, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Laval UniversityStasko, AD (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.;Stasko, AD (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.ashley.stasko@dfo-mpo.gc.caArchambault, Philippe/0000-0001-5986-6149Fisheries Joint Management Committee (Inuvik, NT); Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (BREA); Natural Resources Canada (Environmental Research Fund, Program of Energy Research and Development); internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources; NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship; NSERC Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement; NSERCFisheries Joint Management Committee (Inuvik, NT); Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (BREA); Natural Resources Canada (Environmental Research Fund, Program of Energy Research and Development)(Natural Resources Canada); internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources; NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))We are grateful to the Inuvialuit Game Council for their valuable input and continued support of the Beaufort Sea Marine Fishes Project. Many thanks to the crew and staff of Frosti Fishing for logistical support; S. MacPhee, S. Atchison, L. de Montety, and W. Walkusz for taxonomy and data management; A. Niemi, J. Eert, and L. de Montety for primary production, oceanography, and sedimentary data; J. Pearson and K. Mitchell for laboratory assistance; the Department of Arctic and Marine Biology at UiT - the Arctic University of Norway for hosting A. D. S. during project collaboration; and 5 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Funding was provided by the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (Inuvik, NT), Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (BREA), Natural Resources Canada (Environmental Research Fund, Program of Energy Research and Development), and internal Fisheries and Oceans Canada sources. Additional support was provided by an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship and Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement to A.D.S., NSERC Discovery grants to M.P. and H.S., and internal support from UiT to B.A.B.882122<180 Day Usage Count>036INTER-RESEARCHOLDENDORF LUHENORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY0171-86301616-1599MAR ECOL PROG SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.APR 262018594119
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12582http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps1258219Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyGE4RHBronze2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004312039000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004461
Biodegradability of Thermokarst Carbon in a Till-Associated, Glacial Margin Landscape: The Case of the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCEScarbon cycle; dissolved organic carbon; thermokarst; biodegradation; retrogressive thaw slump; Canadian ArcticDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; PERMAFROST CARBON; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MATTER; EXPORT; ICE; VULNERABILITY; ADSORPTIONLittlefair, CA; Tank, SELittlefair, Cara A.; Tank, Suzanne E.EnglishThe Peel Plateau is a characteristic glacial margin landscape, with permafrost comprised of thick, ice-rich glacial tills deposited at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. Unmodified tills at depth are overlain by a paleo-active layer, created when early Holocene warming deepened regional active layers, enabling organic matter incorporation into now-frozen soils. Ice-rich permafrost encourages retrogressive thaw slumps, which mobilize variable proportions of modern active layer, paleo-active layer, and Pleistocene tills to downstream systems. Here we investigate the biolability of thaw-released dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the Peel Plateau and compare our results to previous studies from nontill-dominated landscapes. Similar to other Arctic regions, biolability was significantly greater for slump-derived DOC (retrogressive thaw slump runoff) than for DOC from paired, unimpacted locations. However, runoff source was an important control on biolability. Lability was greater for slumps releasing water with a Holocene-like O-18 signature than for slumps with a more Pleistocene-like signature, while a small slump, with runoff O-18 similar to the modern active layer, showed no biolability increase. Similar to other Arctic regions, biolability was strongly related to DOC aromaticity and molecular weight. However, lability also increased significantly with increasing nutrients, which has not been shown universally. Previous work has shown that DOC concentration dynamics differ sharply on the Peel Plateau when compared to other permafrost thaw landscapes. This work indicates that the lability of permafrost DOC may be relatively uniform across variable Arctic regions, although some factorssuch as the importance of nutrient statusmay need further exploration.[Littlefair, Cara A.; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaLittlefair, CA (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.cara.littlefair@gmail.comTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Ontario Graduate Scholarship; York University Fieldwork Cost Fund; York University Research Cost Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramOntario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); York University Fieldwork Cost Fund; York University Research Cost Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramThe authors declare no financial conflicts of interest. Supporting data for this work can be found in the supporting information. Financial support for this research was provided by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship, York University Fieldwork Cost Fund, York University Research Cost Fund, and the Northern Scientific Training Program to C. A. L., and funding from NSERC Discovery and Northern Research Supplement grants, the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program to S. E. T. We would like to thank Scott Zolkos for his assistance in the field and the production of the site map (Figure 1), S. Tetlichi, D. Neyando, and P. Snowshoe for field sampling assistance, and the Tetlit Gwich'in (Fort McPherson) Renewable Resources Council. Sarah Shakil and Scott Zolkos additionally assisted with the collection of samples for DO 14 C. Steve Kokelj from the Northwest Territories Geological Survey provided valuable insight and advice throughout.831111<180 Day Usage Count>729AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.OCT20181231032933307
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004461http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG00446115Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyHB0QF2023-03-11WOS:0004507210000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort shorelineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00725-6
Biophysical Determinants of Shifting Tundra Vegetation Productivity in the Beaufort Delta Region of Canada
ArticleECOSYSTEMSLandsat; random forests; remote sensing; low arctic; arctic tundra; greening; EVI; climate change; land coverLAND-SURFACE SCHEME; ARCTIC TUNDRA; SHRUB EXPANSION; NORTHERN ALASKA; PLANT BIOMASS; BETULA-NANA; R PACKAGE; CLIMATE; COMMUNITY; MODELSSeider, JH; Lantz, TC; Hermosilla, T; Wulder, MA; Wang, JASeider, Jordan H.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Hermosilla, Txomin; Wulder, Michael A.; Wang, Jonathan A.EnglishTemperature increases across the circumpolar north have driven rapid increases in vegetation productivity, often described as 'greening'. These changes have been widespread, but spatial variation in their pattern and magnitude suggests that biophysical factors also influence the response of tundra vegetation to climate warming. In this study, we used field sampling of soils and vegetation and random forests modeling to identify the determinants of trends in Landsat-derived Enhanced Vegetation Index, a surrogate for productivity, in the Beaufort Delta region of Canada between 1984 and 2016. This region has experienced notable change, with over 71% of the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands and over 66% of the Yukon North Slope exhibiting statistically significant greening. Using both classification and regression random forests analyses, we show that increases in productivity have been more widespread and rapid at low-to-moderate elevations and in areas dominated by till blanket and glaciofluvial deposits, suggesting that nutrient and moisture availability mediate the impact of climate warming on tundra vegetation. Rapid greening in shrub-dominated vegetation types and observed increases in the cover of low and tall shrub cover (4.8% and 6.0%) also indicate that regional changes have been driven by shifts in the abundance of these functional groups. Our findings demonstrate the utility of random forests models for identifying regional drivers of tundra vegetation change. To obtain additional fine-grained insights on drivers of increased tundra productivity, we recommend future research combine spatially comprehensive time series satellite data (as used herein) with samples of high spatial resolution imagery and integrated field investigations.[Seider, Jordan H.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Hermosilla, Txomin; Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Wang, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USAUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of California System; University of California IrvineLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caSeider, Jordan/0000-0002-6329-5833Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [06210-2018]; Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Arctic Institute of North America; Aurora Research Institute; University of VictoriaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Arctic Institute of North America; Aurora Research Institute; University of Victoriat The authors would like to express thanks and gratitude to the Inuvialuit for allowing us to conduct this research on their lands. Funding and logistics for this research were provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant (06210-2018) to TCL and a Canada Graduate Scholarship Award to JHS), the Northern Scientific Training Program, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Arctic Institute of North America, the Aurora Research Institute, and the University of Victoria. Soil processing and chemical analysis were completed at the Pacific Forestry Centre (Natural Resources Canada) in Victoria, BC. Data processing and analysis were enabled by the computational capabilities provided by Compute Canada (www.computecanada.ca) and WestGrid (www.westgrid.ca).We would also like to thank the Aklavik Hunters and Trapper Committee, Michelle Gruben, Dennis Arey, Kiyo Campbell, Tracey Proverbs, Angel Chen, Nicola Shipman, Zander Chila, and Hana Travers-Smith for their assistance in the field and for their valuable insight and discussions on these topics. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose insightful comments helped improve this manuscript.14233<180 Day Usage Count>415SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsNOV202225714351454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00725-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00725-6JAN 202220EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology6O5WDhybrid2023-03-08WOS:0007369327000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth Slave, South SlaveBetween Kakisa and BehchokoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01166-4
Black spruce (Picea mariana) seed availability and viability in boreal forests after large wildfires
ArticleANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCESeed rain; Non-linear relationships; Fire return interval; Combustion severity; Fire size; Postfire regenerationPINUS-BANKSIANA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LARGE FIRES; MASS; RECRUITMENT; SURVIVAL; SALVAGE; DRIVERReid, KA; Day, NJ; Alfaro-Sanchez, R; Johnstone, JF; Cumming, SG; Mack, MC; Turetsky, MR; Walker, XJ; Baltzer, JLReid, Kirsten A.; Day, Nicola J.; Alfaro-Sanchez, Raquel; Johnstone, Jill F.; Cumming, Steven G.; Mack, Michelle C.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishKey messageBlack spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) has historically self-replaced following wildfire, but recent evidence suggests that this is changing. One factor could be negative impacts of intensifying fire activity on black spruce seed rain. We investigated this by measuring black spruce seed rain and seedling establishment. Our results suggest that increases in fire activity could reduce seed rain meaning reductions in black spruce establishment.ContextBlack spruce is an important conifer in boreal North America that develops a semi-serotinous, aerial seedbank and releases a pulse of seeds after fire. Variation in postfire seed rain has important consequences for black spruce regeneration and stand composition.AimsWe explore the possible effects of changes in fire regime on the abundance and viability of black spruce seeds following a very large wildfire season in the Northwest Territories, Canada (NWT).MethodsWe measured postfire seed rain over 2 years at 25 black spruce-dominated sites and evaluated drivers of stand characteristics and environmental conditions on total black spruce seed rain and viability.ResultsWe found a positive relationship between black spruce basal area and total seed rain. However, at high basal areas, this increasing rate of seed rain was not maintained. Viable seed rain was greater in stands that were older, closer to unburned edges, and where canopy combustion was less severe. Finally, we demonstrated positive relationships between seed rain and seedling establishment, confirming our measures of seed rain were key drivers of postfire forest regeneration.ConclusionThese results indicate that projected increases in fire activity will reduce levels of black spruce recruitment following fire.[Reid, Kirsten A.; Day, Nicola J.; Alfaro-Sanchez, Raquel; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Reid, Kirsten A.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, POB 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Cumming, Steven G.] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, 2405 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USAWilfrid Laurier University; Memorial University Newfoundland; Victoria University Wellington; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Laval University; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caBaltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928NSERC (Changing Cold Regions Network); NSERC PDF; NSERC Discovery; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSF DEB RAPID [1542150]; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon [NNX15AT71A]; CFREF Global Water Futures - Northern Water Futures; Canada Research Chair fundingNSERC (Changing Cold Regions Network); NSERC PDF(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Discovery(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSF DEB RAPID; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon; CFREF Global Water Futures - Northern Water Futures; Canada Research Chair fundingThis article is Project 170 of the Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (funding awarded to JLB, JFJ, and SGC). Additional funding for this research was provided by NSERC (Changing Cold Regions Network), NSERC PDF to NJD, NSERC Discovery to MRT and JFJ, Northern Scientific Training Program, NSF DEB RAPID grant no. 1542150 to MCM, NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant no. NNX15AT71A to MCM, and CFREF Global Water Futures - Northern Water Futures and Canada Research Chair funding to JLB6300<180 Day Usage Count>11SPRINGER FRANCEPARIS22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE1286-45601297-966XANN FOREST SCIAnn. For. Sci.JAN 232023801
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01166-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13595-022-01166-416ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Forestry8F6KCgold2023-03-05WOS:0009197690000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191916
Body condition impacts blood and muscle oxygen storage capacity of free-living beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)
ArticleJOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGYArctic climate change; Cetacean; Aerobic dive time; Haemoglobin; Marine mammals; MyoglobinAEROBIC DIVE LIMIT; BEAUFORT SEA; BUFFERING CAPACITY; LOCOMOTOR MUSCLE; SERUM CHEMISTRY; WHITE WHALES; BREATH-HOLD; POLAR COD; ICE; SIZEChoy, ES; Campbell, KL; Berenbrink, M; Roth, JD; Loseto, LLChoy, Emily S.; Campbell, Kevin L.; Berenbrink, Michael; Roth, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishArctic marine ecosystems are currently undergoing rapid environmental changes. Over the past 20 years, individual growth rates of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) have declined, which may be a response to climate change; however, the scarcity of physiological data makes it difficult to gauge the adaptive capacity and resilience of the species. We explored relationships between body condition and physiological parameters pertaining to oxygen (O-2) storage capacity in 77 beluga whales in the eastern Beaufort Sea. Muscle myoglobin concentrations averaged 77.9 mg g(-1), one of the highest values reported among mammals. Importantly, blood haematocrit, haemoglobin and muscle myoglobin concentrations correlated positively to indices of body condition, including maximum half-girth to length ratios. Thus, a whale with the lowest body condition index would have similar to 27% lower blood (26.0 versus 35.7 ml kg(-1)) and 12% lower muscle (15.6 versus 17.7 ml kg(-1)) O-2 stores than a whale of equivalent mass with the highest body condition index; with the conservative assumption that underwater O-2 consumption rates are unaffected by body condition, this equates to a >3 min difference in maximal aerobic dive time between the two extremes (14.3 versus 17.4 min). Consequently, environmental changes that negatively impact body condition may hinder the ability of whales to reach preferred prey sources, evade predators and escape ice entrapments. The relationship between body condition and O(2 )storage capacity may represent a vicious cycle, in which environmental changes resulting in decreased body condition impair foraging, leading to further reductions in condition through diminished prey acquisition and/or increased foraging efforts.[Choy, Emily S.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Choy, Emily S.; Campbell, Kevin L.; Roth, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Berenbrink, Michael] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaMcGill University; University of Manitoba; University of Liverpool; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaChoy, ES (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.;Choy, ES (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.emily.choy@mail.mcgill.caRoth, James/N-4178-2016; Loseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020; Berenbrink, Michael/W-7519-2019; Choy, Emily Sarah/I-7105-2019Roth, James/0000-0002-0296-2786; Choy, Emily Sarah/0000-0002-4703-4318; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation Award in Northern Research; L'Oreal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship; E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Contaminants Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant [RGPIN/238838-2011]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Foundation Award in Northern Research; L'Oreal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship; E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Contaminants Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship, The W. Garfield Weston Foundation Award in Northern Research, a L'Oreal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship, an E. Scherer Memorial Scholarship, a Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship, an Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid, Northern Scientific Training Program grants, and a University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship to E.S.C. Project funding was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee and the Northern Contaminants Program to L.L.L., and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to K.L.C. (RGPIN/238838-2011).9288<180 Day Usage Count>223COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTDCAMBRIDGEBIDDER BUILDING, STATION RD, HISTON, CAMBRIDGE CB24 9LF, ENGLAND0022-09491477-9145J EXP BIOLJ. Exp. Biol.JUN201922211
jeb191916
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.191916http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.19191611BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other TopicsIE9SI31097602hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004727165000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveIn the vicinity of YellowknifeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145521
Bog and lake sediment archives reveal a lagged response of subarctic lakes to diminishing atmospheric Hg and Pb deposition
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTContaminants; Taiga; Remobilization; Erosion; Wildfires; MiningRECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; MERCURY ACCUMULATION; PEAT BOG; LEAD DEPOSITION; HISTORICAL RECORDS; METAL-DEPOSITION; CANADA; RATES; EMISSIONS; POLLUTIONPelletier, N; Chetelat, J; Palmer, MJ; Vermaire, JCPelletier, Nicolas; Chetelat, John; Palmer, Michael J.; Vermaire, Jesse C.EnglishWe used a flux deconstruction approach on peat and sediment archives of four bogs and five lakes from two subarctic taiga ecoregions of the Northwest Territories (Canada) to distinguish the atmospheric and catchment based responses to changing metal pollution emissions over the last 2000 years. Bogs tracked the atmospheric signal, whereas lake sediments provided a mixed atmospheric and catchment-based response. Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) contamination was identified in lake sediment and bog records from the mid 1800s onward and increased rapidly after ca. 1900. Long-range transport of Hg and Pb was likely the dominant source of the post-1900 enrichment in lake sediments, with minor contributions from local mining, mostly between 1950 and 1970. Bogs and sediment records of small lakes on the Taiga Plains showed that atmospheric deposition peaked in the late 1990s for Pb and in the 1970s for Hg. In contrast, the Pb and Hg accumulation rates in Taiga Shield lakes have continued to increase since the peak atmospheric deposition period due to on-going catchment transport, and may reflect recent climate change favoring late-fall and early-winter precipitation as rain rather than snow. The divergent trends in metal accumulation rates between ecoregions and environmental archives demonstrate that interactions of climate and catchment characteristics will be key to future contamination trajectories for subarctic lakes following reductions of anthropogenic metal emissions in North America. Crown Copyright (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).[Pelletier, Nicolas; Palmer, Michael J.; Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Chetelat, John] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Palmer, Michael J.] Aurora Coll, North Slave Res Ctr, Aurora Res Inst, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2R3, Canada; [Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm & Interdisciplinary Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaCarleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Carleton UniversityChetelat, J (corresponding author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.john.chetelat@canada.caPelletier, Nicolas/0000-0001-6185-7030; Chetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203; Vermaire, Jesse/0000-0002-9921-6148Environment and Climate Change Canada; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [177]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [06159-2016, 05257-2015]; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec -Nature et technologies; Ontario Graduate ScholarshipEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Fonds de Recherche du Quebec -Nature et technologies; Ontario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship)The project was realized with approval and assistance from the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, the Tli.cho Government and the Wekeezhii Renewable Resources Board. Thank you to project collaborators Johanne Black, Jody Pellisey, Boyan Tracz, Sean Richardson, and Sjoerd van der Wielen as well as to local field guides Fred Sangris and Narcisse Chocolate. The authors wish to thank Ryan Gregory, Colin Robertson, and TreyMadsen for assistancewith fieldwork and Christine Rodford, Christine McClelland, Abineaga Muralitharan, Michael Murphy, Carrington Pomeroy, Emily Cormier, Evaline Harmsen, Sabrina Reaume, and Brittany Astles for assistance with sample processing in the laboratory. This research was supported with funding from Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (project #177) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grants to JC (06159-2016) and JCV (05257-2015). Nicolas Pelletier was funded by the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec -Nature et technologies, Ontario Graduate Scholarship, and Environment and Climate Change Canada.10177<180 Day Usage Count>321ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JUN 252021775
145521
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145521http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.1455212021-02-01 00:00:0017Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyRP3DJhybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0006416122000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveIn the vicinity of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbeb8
Boreal permafrost thaw amplified by fire disturbance and precipitation increases
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSthaw; permafrost; leaf area index; thermal modellingHIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAYER THICKNESS; WILDFIRE; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; REGION; EARTHWilliams, M; Zhang, Y; Estop-Aragones, C; Fisher, JP; Xenakis, G; Charman, DJ; Hartley, IP; Murton, JB; Phoenix, GKWilliams, Mathew; Zhang, Yu; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Fisher, James P.; Xenakis, Georgios; Charman, Dan J.; Hartley, Iain P.; Murton, Julian B.; Phoenix, Gareth K.EnglishPermafrost soils store huge amounts of organic carbon, which could be released if climate change promotes thaw. Currently, modelling studies predict that thaw in boreal regions is mainly sensitive to warming, rather than changes in precipitation or vegetation cover. We evaluate this conclusion for North American boreal forests using a detailed process-based model parameterised and validated on field measurements. We show that soil thermal regimes for dominant forest types are controlled strongly by soil moisture and thus the balance between evapotranspiration and precipitation. Under dense canopy cover, high evapotranspiration means a 30% increase in precipitation causes less thaw than a 1 degrees C increase in temperature. However, disturbance to vegetation promotes greater thaw through reduced evapotranspiration, which results in wetter, more thermally conductive soils. In such disturbed forests, increases in precipitation rival warming as a direct driver of thaw, with a 30% increase in precipitation at current temperatures causing more thaw than 2 degrees C of warming. We find striking non-linear interactive effects on thaw between rising precipitation and loss of leaf area, which are of concern given projections of greater precipitation and disturbance in boreal forests. Inclusion of robust vegetation-hydrological feedbacks in global models is therefore critical for accurately predicting permafrost dynamics; thaw cannot be considered to be controlled solely by rising temperatures.[Williams, Mathew; Xenakis, Georgios] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Zhang, Yu] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Charman, Dan J.; Hartley, Iain P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter, Devon, England; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, Germany; [Fisher, James P.; Phoenix, Gareth K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; [Xenakis, Georgios] Forest Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Murton, Julian B.] Univ Sussex, Geog, Brighton, E Sussex, EnglandUniversity of Edinburgh; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); University of Exeter; University of Munster; University of Sheffield; University of SussexWilliams, M (corresponding author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.mat.williams@ed.ac.ukEstop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Hartley, Iain P/J-7892-2016; Xenakis, Georgios/HOC-7707-2023; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Charman, Dan/K-9303-2014Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Hartley, Iain P/0000-0002-9183-6617; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Charman, Dan/0000-0003-3464-4536; Xenakis, Georgios/0000-0002-2950-4101NERC [NE/K000292/1, NE/K00025X/1, NE/K000179/1, NE/K000241/1]; Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program [186]; NERC [nceo020005, NE/K000241/1, NE/K000179/1, NE/K000292/1, NE/K00025X/1] Funding Source: UKRINERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This work was funded by NERC through grant NE/K000292/1 to MW, NE/K00025X/1 to GKP, NE/K000179/1 to IPH, and NE/K000241/1 to JM. YZ's work was funded by Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program (project 186), and also contributes to a project affiliated to the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program. MW, GP, JM, DC and IH devised the overall plan and oversaw the experimental and observational data collection. JF, GX and CEA collected field data. YZ and MW undertook the modelling. MW, YZ, GP, JM and IH wrote the manuscript with assistance from all other authors. We acknowledge the assistance of Aaron Thierry and Rachael Treharne in supporting field data acquisition. We thank Stephen Wolfe and Steve Kokelj for advice on site selection and for logistical support. Data are available at NERC EIDC (data collection 'Carbon Cycling Linkages of Permafrost Systems'). Authors declare no competing interests. Ideas expressed in this study have benefitted substantially from discussions with Chris Burn, Toni Lewkowicz, Steve Kokelj and Steve Wolfe about boreal ground thermal regimes and active-layer monitoring. The two anonymous referees are thanked for their valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.3522<180 Day Usage Count>534IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV20201511
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbeb8http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbeb813Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOT2VSGreen Accepted, Green Published, gold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005907100000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea and Amundsen GulfNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202268
Bowhead whales overwinter in the Amundsen Gulf and Eastern Beaufort Sea
ArticleROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCEbowhead whale; migration; acoustic monitoring; sea iceACOUSTIC DETECTIONS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; MARINE MAMMALS; ICE; SEPTEMBER; MIGRATION; MOVEMENTS; ALASKA; BARROWInsley, SJ; Halliday, WD; Mouy, X; Diogou, NInsley, S. J.; Halliday, W. D.; Mouy, X.; Diogou, N.EnglishThe bowhead whale is the only baleen whale endemic to the Arctic and is well adapted to this environment. Bowheads live near the polar ice edge for much of the year and although sea ice dynamics are not the only driver of their annual migratory movements, it likely plays a key role. Given the intrinsic variability of open water and ice, one might expect bowhead migratory plasticity to be high and linked to this proximate environmental factor. Here, through a network of underwater passive acoustic recorders, we document the first known occurrence of bowheads overwintering in what is normally their summer foraging grounds in the Amundsen Gulf and eastern Beaufort Sea. The underlying question is whether this is the leading edge of a phenological shift in a species' migratory behaviour in an environment undergoing dramatic shifts due to climate change.[Insley, S. J.; Halliday, W. D.; Diogou, N.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Insley, S. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Halliday, W. D.; Mouy, X.; Diogou, N.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Mouy, X.] JASCO Appl Sci Ltd, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of VictoriaInsley, SJ (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada.;Insley, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada.sinsley@wcs.orgInsley, Stephen/0000-0003-3402-8418; Halliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076X; Diogou, Nikoletta/0000-0001-9160-7120W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Fisheries Joint Management Committee of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region; Mitacs Elevate Postdoctoral Fellowship; Fisheries and Oceans CanadaW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Fisheries Joint Management Committee of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region; Mitacs Elevate Postdoctoral Fellowship; Fisheries and Oceans CanadaWe are grateful to the people of Ulukhaktok for working with us, especially A. Kudlak, B. Inuktalik and the Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee. Thanks also to the captain and crew of the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier and especially Humfrey Melling and Andrea Niemi for assistance with our at-sea moorings and for the detailed and thoughtful comments provided by two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by The W. Garfield Weston Foundation, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, a Mitacs Elevate Postdoctoral Fellowship to N.G. and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. All data were collected under the authority of the Aurora Research Institute Scientific Research Licence No. 15996.5288<180 Day Usage Count>06ROYAL SOCLONDON6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND2054-5703ROY SOC OPEN SCIR. Soc. Open Sci.APR 21202184
202268
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202268http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.2022689Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRQ1YU33996127Green Accepted, gold2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0006422165000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveSlave River and DeltaYAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.008
Bridging science and traditional knowledge to assess cumulative impacts of stressors on ecosystem health
ArticleENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONALTraditional knowledge; Integration; Multiple stressors; Bayesian belief network; Adaptive co-management; Social-ecological systemsSLAVE RIVER DELTA; BAYESIAN BELIEF NETWORKS; ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; FRESH-WATERS; LAND-USE; COMANAGEMENTMantyka-Pringle, CS; Jardine, TD; Bradford, L; Bharadwaj, L; Kythreotis, AP; Fresque-Baxter, J; Kelly, E; Somers, G; Doig, LE; Jones, PD; Lindenschmidt, KEMantyka-Pringle, Chrystal S.; Jardine, Timothy D.; Bradford, Lori; Bharadwaj, Lalita; Kythreotis, Andrew P.; Fresque-Baxter, Jennifer; Kelly, Erin; Somers, Gila; Doig, Lorne E.; Jones, Paul D.; Lindenschmidt, Karl-ErichSlave River & Delta PartnershipEnglishCumulative environmental impacts driven by anthropogenic stressors lead to disproportionate effects on indigenous communities that are reliant on land and water resources. Understanding and counteracting these effects requires knowledge from multiple sources. Yet the combined use of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Scientific Knowledge (SK) has both technical and philosophical hurdles to overcome, and suffers from inherently imbalanced power dynamics that can disfavour the very communities it intends to benefit. In this article, we present a 'two-eyed seeing' approach for co-producing and blending knowledge about ecosystem health by using an adapted Bayesian Belief Network for the Slave River and Delta region in Canada's Northwest Territories. We highlight how bridging TM and SK with a combination of field data, interview transcripts, existing models, and expert judgement can address key questions about ecosystem health when considerable uncertainty exists. SK indicators (e.g., bird counts, mercury in fish, water depth) were graded as moderate, whereas TM indicators (e.g., bird usage, fish aesthetics, changes to water flow) were graded as being poor in comparison to the past. SK indicators were predominantly spatial (i.e., comparing to other locations) while the TK indicators were predominantly temporal (i.e., comparing across time). After being populated by 16 experts (local harvesters, Elders, governmental representatives, and scientists) using both TK and SK, the model output reported low probabilities that the social-ecological system is healthy as it used to be. We argue that it is novel and important to bridge TM and SK to address the challenges of environmental change such as the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors on ecosystems and the services they provide. This study presents a critical social-ecological tool for widening the evidence-base to a more holistic understanding of the system dynamics of multiple environmental stressors in ecosystems and for developing more effective knowledge-inclusive partnerships between indigenous communities, researchers and policy decision-makers. This represents new transformational empirical insights into how wider knowledge discourses can contribute to more effective adaptive co-management governance practices and solutions for the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems in Northern Canada and other parts of the world with strong indigenous land tenure. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Mantyka-Pringle, Chrystal S.; Jardine, Timothy D.; Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [Jardine, Timothy D.; Doig, Lorne E.; Jones, Paul D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [Bradford, Lori; Bharadwaj, Lalita] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [Kythreotis, Andrew P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Geog & Planning, Glamorgan Bldg,King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3WA, S Glam, Wales; [Kythreotis, Andrew P.] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3WA, S Glam, Wales; [Kythreotis, Andrew P.] Univ East Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Zuckerman Inst Connect Environm Res, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England; [Fresque-Baxter, Jennifer; Kelly, Erin; Somers, Gila] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; Cardiff University; Cardiff University; University of East AngliaMantyka-Pringle, CS (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.c.mantyka-pringle@usask.ca; tim.jardine@usask.ca; lori.bradford@usask.ca; lalita.bharadwaj@usask.ca; KythreotisA@cardiff.ac.uk; Jennifer_Fresque-Baxter@gov.nt.ca; Erin_Kelly@gov.nt.ca; Gila_Somers@gov.nt.ca; lorne.doig@usask.ca; paul.jones@usask.ca; karl-erich.lindenschmidt@usask.caJardine, Timothy Donald/AFZ-4837-2022; Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015Bradford, Lori/0000-0002-0926-2010; Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380; Jardine, Timothy/0000-0002-5917-9792; Kythreotis, Andrew/0000-0002-9436-8185Canadian Water Network [WSNVVT2012-5]; Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Environment and Natural Resources; GNWT Municipal and Community AffairsCanadian Water Network; Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Environment and Natural Resources; GNWT Municipal and Community AffairsWe thank the people of Fort Resolution Metis Council, Northwest Territories Metis Nation, Deninu K'ue First Nation, Hamlet of Fort Resolution, Town of Fort Smith, Fort Smith Wets Council, Smith's Landing First Nation, and Salt River First Nation for their willingness to participate in the research. Funding for this project was provided by the Canadian Water Network (WSNVVT2012-5) and the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Environment and Natural Resources. Special thanks to the experts that attended the expert elicitation workshops and GNWT Municipal and Community Affairs for their support.937577<180 Day Usage Count>6192PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0160-41201873-6750ENVIRON INTEnviron. Int.MAY2017102125137
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.008http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.00813Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyET3TM28249740Green Published2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004002024000150 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveMackenzie Bison SanctuaryNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14510
Broad-scale lake expansion and flooding inundates essential wood bison habitat
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSORGANIC-MATTER; IN-SITU; IMPOUNDMENT; RESERVOIR; MERCURYKorosi, JB; Thienpont, JR; Pisaric, MFJ; Demontigny, P; Perreault, JT; McDonald, J; Simpson, MJ; Armstrong, T; Kokelj, SV; Smol, JP; Blais, JMKorosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Pisaric, Michael F. J.; Demontigny, Peter; Perreault, Joelle T.; McDonald, Jamylynn; Simpson, Myrna J.; Armstrong, Terry; Kokelj, Steven V.; Smol, John P.; Blais, Jules M.EnglishUnderstanding the interaction between the response of a complex ecosystem to climate change and the protection of vulnerable wildlife species is essential for conservation efforts. In the Northwest Territories (Canada), the recent movement of the Mackenzie wood bison herd (Bison bison athabascae) out of their designated territory has been postulated as a response to the loss of essential habitat following regional lake expansion. We show that the proportion of this landscape occupied by water doubled since 1986 and the timing of lake expansion corresponds to bison movements out of the Mackenzie Bison Sanctuary. Historical reconstructions using proxy data in dated sediment cores show that the scale of recent lake expansion is unmatched over at least the last several hundred years. We conclude that recent lake expansion represents a fundamental alteration of the structure and function of this ecosystem and its use by Mackenzie wood bison, in response to climate change.[Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Dept Geog, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Thienpont, Joshua R.; Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Demontigny, Peter; Perreault, Joelle T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [McDonald, Jamylynn; Simpson, Myrna J.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; [Armstrong, Terry] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Ft Smith, NT X0E 0P0, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; York University - Canada; Brock University; Carleton University; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; Queens University - CanadaKorosi, JB (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.;Korosi, JB (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Geog, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.jkorosi@yorku.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Smol, John/0000-0002-2499-6696; Simpson, Myrna/0000-0002-8084-411X; Pisaric, Michael/0000-0003-3806-8986Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants; NSERC PDF; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramCumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC PDF(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramWe acknowledge the community of Fort Providence for their support, in particular Eric Nadli, Louis Lacorne and George Nadli, for assistance with field sampling. Emily Stewart (Queen's University, Canada) and Joshua Kurek (Mount Allison University, Canada) also assisted with field sampling. We thank Professor Jack Cornett at the University of Ottawa (Canada) for assistance with the dating and establishing of a chronology for the second sediment core obtained from Falaise Lake. This research was funded by the Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation (postdoctoral fellowship to J.R.T.), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants to M.F.J.P., J.M.B. and M.J.S., an NSERC PDF to J.B.K. and the Northern Scientific Training Program. Logistical support was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program.281717<180 Day Usage Count>438NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.FEB 232017818
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14510http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms145108Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsEL4IZ28230049Green Published, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, gold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0003945862000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveSites surrounding Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157288
Carbon and nitrogen cycling dynamics following permafrost thaw in the Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTBoreal; Permafrost-carbon feedback; Climate change; Carbon quality; Cross-scale driversACTIVE-LAYER; CLIMATE; CO2; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; INCREASES; QUALITY; FORESTDieleman, CM; Day, NJ; Holloway, JE; Baltzer, J; Douglas, TA; Turetsky, MRDieleman, Catherine M.; Day, Nicola J.; Holloway, Jean E.; Baltzer, Jennifer; Douglas, Thomas A.; Turetsky, Merritt R.EnglishRapid climate warming across northern high latitudes is leading to permafrost thaw and ecosystem carbon release while simultaneously impacting other biogeochemical cycles including nitrogen. We used a two-year laboratory incubation study to quantify concomitant changes in carbon and nitrogen pool quantity and quality as drivers of potential CO2 production in thawed permafrost soils from eight soil cores collected across the southern Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. These data were contextualized via in situ annual thaw depth measurements from 2015 to 2019 at 40 study sites that varied in burn history. We found with increasing time since experimental thaw the dissolved carbon and nitrogen pool quality significantly declined, indicating sustained microbial processing and selective immobilization across both pools. Piecewise structural equation modeling revealed CO2 trends were predominantly predicted by initial soil carbon content with minimal influence of dissolved phase carbon. Using these results, we provide a first-order estimate of potential near-surface permafrost soil losses of up to 80 g C m(-2) over one year in southern NWT, exceeding regional historic mean primary productivity rates in some areas. Taken together, this research provides mechanistic knowledge needed to further constrain the permafrost-carbon feedback and parameterize system models, while building on empirical evidence that permafrost soils arc at high risk of becoming weaker carbon sinks or even significant carbon sources under a changing climate.[Dieleman, Catherine M.; Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Dieleman, Catherine M.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.; Baltzer, Jennifer] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; [Holloway, Jean E.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USAUniversity of Guelph; University of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier University; Victoria University Wellington; University of Ottawa; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderDieleman, CM (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada.cdielema@uoguelph.caCumulative Impacts Monitoring Program through the Government of the Northwest Territories; Forest Fungal Ecology Postdoctoral Research Award through the Mycological Society of America; Weston Family Awards in Northern Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCumulative Impacts Monitoring Program through the Government of the Northwest Territories; Forest Fungal Ecology Postdoctoral Research Award through the Mycological Society of America; Weston Family Awards in Northern Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This work was funded by the Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program through the Government of the Northwest Territories (MRT, JB), the Forest Fungal Ecology Postdoctoral Research Award through the Mycological Society of America (NJD), the Weston Family Awards in Northern Research (JEH), and by multiple grants provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (MRT, JB, CMD, NJD). We thank Kirsten Reid, Julie Trus, Genevieve Degre-Timmons, and Alison White for support in the field as well as Evan Schijns, Kristen Bill, Christine DulalWhiteway, and Julie Trus for their assistance in experiment maintenance and sample processing. The authors declare no conflict of interest to the research presented. All data will be made freely available through the Dryad Digital Repository at the time of publication.7900<180 Day Usage Count>1821ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.NOV 12022845
157288
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157288http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157288JUL 202214Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology4L6HU358398972023-03-05WOS:0008527323000120 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.2186
Changes in water quality related to permafrost thaw may significantly impact zooplankton in small Arctic lakes
ArticleECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONSArctic; climate change; lakes; Mackenzie Delta; permafrost thaw; ZooplanktonMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; SPECIES RICHNESS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; DISPERSAL LIMITATION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TUNDRA LAKES; FOOD QUALITY; DIVERSITYVucic, JM; Gray, DK; Cohen, RS; Syed, M; Murdoch, AD; Sharma, SVucic, Jasmina M.; Gray, Derek K.; Cohen, Rachel S.; Syed, Maariyah; Murdoch, Alyssa D.; Sharma, SapnaEnglishRising temperatures are leading to permafrost thaw over vast areas of the northern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, permafrost degradation is causing significant changes in surface water quality due to the release of solutes that can alter conductivity, water clarity, and nutrient levels. For this study, we examined how changes in water quality associated with permafrost thaw might impact zooplankton, a group of organisms that play an important role in the food web of Arctic lakes. We conducted a biological and water quality survey of 37 lakes in the Mackenzie Delta region of Canada's Northwest Territories. We then used this data set to develop models linking variation in the abundance, diversity, and evenness of zooplankton communities to physicochemical, biological, and spatial variables. Subsequently, we used these models to predict how zooplankton communities might respond as water quality is altered by permafrost thaw. Our models explained 47%, 68%, and 69% of the variation in zooplankton abundance, diversity, and evenness, respectively. Importantly, the most parsimonious models always included variables affected by permafrost thaw, such as calcium and conductivity. Predictions based on our models suggest significant increases in zooplankton abundance (1.6-3.6 fold) and decreases in diversity (1.2-1.7 fold) and evenness (1.1-1.4 fold) in response to water quality changes associated with permafrost thaw. These changes are in line with those described for significant perturbations such as eutrophication, acidification, and the introduction of exotic species such as the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes). Given their important role in aquatic food webs, we expect these changes in zooplankton communities will have ramifications for organisms at higher (fish) and lower (phytoplankton) trophic positions in Arctic lakes.[Vucic, Jasmina M.; Gray, Derek K.; Cohen, Rachel S.; Syed, Maariyah] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Murdoch, Alyssa D.; Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; York University - CanadaVucic, JM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.vuci1720@mylaurier.caHunter and Trapper Committee in Inuvik; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program [CIMP197]; Hunter and Trapper Committee in Tuktoyaktuk; Wilfrid Laurier University; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board; Renewable Resource Council in Fort McPherson; Renewable Resource Council in Tsiigehtchic; Renewable Resource Council in InuvikHunter and Trapper Committee in Inuvik; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program; Hunter and Trapper Committee in Tuktoyaktuk; Wilfrid Laurier University; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board; Renewable Resource Council in Fort McPherson; Renewable Resource Council in Tsiigehtchic; Renewable Resource Council in InuvikThis work was carried out under Northwest Territories Scientific License number 16126. We would like to thank the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board, the Renewable Resource Councils in Fort McPherson, Tsiigehtchic, and Inuvik, and the Hunter and Trapper Committees in Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk for supporting the project. Z. Aries, B. Conley, M. Dillon, M. Elmarsafy, E. Gervais, C. Gruben, E. Hughes, Y. Langille, L. Lopez, C. Steell, M. Teillet, C. Tward, and L. Waters assisted with field data collection. Logistics support was provided by the Aurora Research Institute. G. Braun and Dr. H. Gray at The Center for Cold Regions and Water Science Analytical Laboratory provided assistance with Ca, TN, TOC, and TP measurements. S. Arnott assisted with analysis of chlorophyll a concentrations. Funding was provided by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program under project CIMP197 and byWilfrid Laurier University.1011515<180 Day Usage Count>550WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1051-07611939-5582ECOL APPLEcol. Appl.DEC2020308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.2186http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.21862020-09-01 00:00:0014Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyPB0MY324639382023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005656854000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuMackenzie MountainsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14775
Characterizing seasonal differences in hydrological flow paths and source water contributions to alpine tundra streamflow
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESalpine tundra; groundwater recharge; Mackenzie River basin; runoff generation; source waters; stable isotopes; streamflow; taiga cordilleraRUNOFF GENERATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; STABLE-ISOTOPES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; PERMAFROST THAW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; STORAGE; GROUNDWATER; CATCHMENTKershaw, GGL; Wolfe, BB; English, MCKershaw, Geoffrey G. L.; Wolfe, Brent B.; English, Michael C.EnglishAlpine headwaters collect larger volumes of precipitation per unit area than neighbouring lowlands, recharge regional aquifers, and generate a greater proportion of river discharge than their limited extent would suggest. Despite the importance of alpine headwaters, field observations and assessments of source water contributions to streamflow in alpine tundra settings are sparse throughout the subarctic and absent in the Taiga Cordillera ecozone specifically. As such, it remains uncertain how changes to seasonally specific hydrological processes control discharge of the larger rivers to which these alpine headwaters contribute. This study quantified variability in source water contributions and flow paths during the 2019 open water season within a Mackenzie Mountain alpine tundra basin based on measurements of stable water isotopes, specific conductivity (SPC), and water volumes during runoff generating events. During the freshet, large daily snowmelt volumes resulted in the greatest volume of streamflow, which was composed mainly of pre-event water (similar to 92%). As the summer progressed, evapotranspiration increased, and groundwater flow paths extended, resulting in reduced event water fractions and hydrograph amplitude, and an extended duration of streamflow response. A headwater subbasin within the larger study basin was both hydrologically and isotopically unresponsive to summer rains, and instead was characterized by a delayed hydrograph response and reduced event water fraction. Results indicate this portion of the catchment was regulated by discharge from groundwater springs capable of sustaining streamflow before snowmelt commenced and during the dry summer months. As climate change continues, greater precipitation volumes and a longer open water season will likely result in reduced runoff and stream discharge from alpine basins as greater evapotranspiration and channel bed infiltration occur. This study provides a valuable data set and observations of seasonally distinct runoff generation processes to inform prediction of changes in northern alpine tundra hydrology in response to a warming climate.[Kershaw, Geoffrey G. L.; Wolfe, Brent B.; English, Michael C.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Kershaw, Geoffrey G. L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo 19 Catamaran Rd, Halifax, NS B3P 1Y2, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityKershaw, GGL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo 19 Catamaran Rd, Halifax, NS B3P 1Y2, Canada.kers7130@mylaurier.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation Northern Research Award; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Graduate Scholarship programNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Foundation Northern Research Award; Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Graduate Scholarship program(Ontario Graduate Scholarship)The authors are grateful to Dr. William Quinton for financial support, as well as the following agencies and funding programs: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation Northern Research Award, the Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Northern Scientific Training Program, and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship program.9500<180 Day Usage Count>66WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.DEC20223612
e14775
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14775http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1477515Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water Resources7I3NH2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0009037982000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoA transect of 10 sites from Scotty Creek Research Station south to the border with British ColumbiaNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad74e
Climate change and permafrost thaw-induced boreal forest loss in northwestern Canada
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSpermafrost; climate change; boreal forest; peatland; landcover change; Northwest Territories; British ColumbiaCONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; PEATLANDS; CARBON; TERRITORIES; CONNECTIVITY; HYDROLOGY; STORAGE; ALASKA; BASINCarpino, OA; Berg, AA; Quinton, WL; Adams, JRCarpino, Olivia A.; Berg, Aaron A.; Quinton, William L.; Adams, Justin R.EnglishPermafrost distribution throughout the western Canadian subarctic is not well understood due to the remoteness and size of the region, its spatial and temporal heterogeneity, limited data availability, and sparse monitoring networks. These factors severely challenge investigations of how climate warming might affect the distribution of permafrost and provide strong justification for new methods of evaluating permafrost extent using remote sensing platforms. This study quantifies forest loss at ten subarctic boreal sites in the southern Northwest Territories and northeastern British Columbia between 1970 and 2010. Historical air photos and optical remote sensing images were assessed using a change detection approach over the ten sites, each 10 km(2) spanning a north/south transect of 200 km. This study is the first to apply change detection methods to a large-scale gradient and spans the southern margin of discontinuous permafrost where results demonstrate variable patterns of net forest loss at each site ranged from 6.9% to 11.6% over the 40 year study period. Here we show that these differential rates of landcover change can be explained in part through climatic and environmental factors that vary latitudinally across the selected sites. Change statistics-net change, forest gain and forest loss were significantly correlated with an assortment of factors that varied across the ten-site transect.[Carpino, Olivia A.; Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Carpino, Olivia A.; Quinton, William L.; Adams, Justin R.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Adams, Justin R.] Govt Northwest Terr, Yellowknife, NT X1A2L9, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityCarpino, OA (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.;Carpino, OA (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.ocarpino@wlu.caBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Carpino, Olivia/0000-0002-6884-204XDehcho First Nations; Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Fort Nelson First Nation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition-CPET); Geoscience BCDehcho First Nations; Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Fort Nelson First Nation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition-CPET); Geoscience BCWe thank Laura Chasmer, Ze'ev Gedalof and Ryan Connon for their input and consultation during this study and we also greatly appreciate the time and attention of the reviewers whose efforts have improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Dehcho First Nations, in particular, the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean Marie River First Nation, as well as the support of the Fort Nelson First Nation. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) through their funding of Discovery Grants and a Collaborative Research and Development Grant (Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition-CPET). We also acknowledge Geoscience BC for their support of CPET.574141<180 Day Usage Count>546IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.AUG2018138
84018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad74ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aad74e10Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGQ5MWgold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004417300000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBanks IslandNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060954
Climate Sensitivity of High Arctic Permafrost Terrain Demonstrated by Widespread Ice-Wedge Thermokarst on Banks Island
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGpermafrost; climate change; ice-wedge polygons; Landsat; Banks Island; Arctic; terrain sensitivityRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; TREND ANALYSIS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; WARMING PERMAFROST; HERSCHEL ISLAND; TUNDRA FIRE; LONG-TERM; CANADA; DEGRADATION; ALASKAFraser, RH; Kokelj, SV; Lantz, TC; McFarlane-Winchester, M; Olthof, I; Lacelle, DFraser, Robert H.; Kokelj, Steven V.; Lantz, Trevor C.; McFarlane-Winchester, Morgan; Olthof, Ian; Lacelle, DenisEnglishIce-wedge networks underlie polygonal terrain and comprise the most widespread form of massive ground ice in continuous permafrost. Here, we show that climate-driven thaw of hilltop ice-wedge networks is rapidly transforming uplands across Banks Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Change detection using high-resolution WorldView images and historical air photos, coupled with 32-year Landsat reflectance trends, indicate broad-scale increases in ponding from ice-wedge thaw on hilltops, which has significantly affected at least 1500 km(2) of Banks Island and over 3.5% of the total upland area. Trajectories of change associated with this upland ice-wedge thermokarst include increased micro-relief, development of high-centred polygons, and, in areas of poor drainage, ponding and potential initiation of thaw lakes. Millennia of cooling climate have favoured ice-wedge growth, and an absence of ecosystem disturbance combined with surface denudation by solifluction has produced high Arctic uplands and slopes underlain by ice-wedge networks truncated at the permafrost table. The thin veneer of thermally-conductive mineral soils strongly links Arctic upland active-layer responses to summer warming. For these reasons, widespread and intense ice-wedge thermokarst on Arctic hilltops and slopes contrast more muted responses to warming reported in low and subarctic environments. Increasing field evidence of thermokarst highlights the inherent climate sensitivity of the Arctic permafrost terrain and the need for integrated approaches to monitor change and investigate the cascade of environmental consequences.[Fraser, Robert H.; McFarlane-Winchester, Morgan; Olthof, Ian] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); University of Victoria; University of OttawaFraser, RH (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada.robert.fraser@canada.ca; steve_kokelj@gov.nt.ca; tlantz@uvic.ca; morgan.mcfarlane-winchester@canada.ca; ian.olthof@canada.ca; dlacelle@uOttawa.caLacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717; Fraser, Robert H/0000-0002-8055-4403Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program under the project Big Data Analytics of Earth Observation Data in Support of Evidence-Based Decision Making for Climate Change; Polar Continental Shelf Program [654-15]; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; ArcticNet; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF OPP award [1043681, 1559691, 1542736]Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program under the project Big Data Analytics of Earth Observation Data in Support of Evidence-Based Decision Making for Climate Change; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; ArcticNet; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF OPP awardWe thank Kathleen Groenewegen of the Government of the Northwest Territories for providing full resolution versions of the Ecosystem Classification Group photos of Banks Island and Hugh French for providing some older Banks Island photos. We thank Naomi Short and Yu Zhang from the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Funding was provided by the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program under the project Big Data Analytics of Earth Observation Data in Support of Evidence-Based Decision Making for Climate Change, the Polar Continental Shelf Program (project 654-15), the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, and ArcticNet. The authors would also like to thank the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee, the Western Arctic Research Centre, Parks Canada Agency, and the Canadian Wildlife Service for the assistance with ground reconnaissance on Banks Island. The ArcticDEM products were provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. This is Northwest Territories Geological Survey Contribution 0112.654647<180 Day Usage Count>220MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.JUN2018106
954
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060954http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1006095424Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyGK9JIGreen Published, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004365618001480 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, SahtuContinuous permafrost zone, Peel plateauNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G38626.1
Climate-driven thaw of permafrost preserved glacial landscapes, northwestern Canada
ArticleGEOLOGYWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; SEDIMENT YIELDKokelj, SV; Lantz, TC; Tunnicliffe, J; Segal, R; Lacelle, DKokelj, Steven V.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Segal, Rebecca; Lacelle, DenisEnglishIce-marginal glaciated landscapes demarcate former boundaries of the continental ice sheets. Throughout circumpolar regions, permafrost has preserved relict ground ice and glacigenic sediments, delaying the sequence of postglacial landscape change that transformed temperate environments millennia earlier. Here we show that within 7 x 10(6) km(2) of glaciated permafrost terrain, extensive landscapes remain poised for major climate-driven change. Across northwestern Canada, 60-100-km-wide concentric swaths of thaw slump-affected terrain delineate the maximum and recessional positions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. These landscapes comprise similar to 17% of continuous permafrost terrain in a 1.27 x 10(6) km(2) study area, indicating widespread preservation of late Pleistocene ground ice. These thaw slump, relict ground ice, and glacigenic terrain associations are also evident at the circumpolar scale. Recent intensification of thaw slumping across northwestern Canada has mobilized primary glacial sediments, triggering a cascade of fluvial, lacustrine, and coastal effects. These geologically significant processes, highlighted by the spatial distribution of thaw slumps and patterns of fluvial sediment mobilization, signal the climate-driven renewal of deglaciation and postglacial permafrost landscape evolution.[Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr GNWT, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor C.; Segal, Rebecca] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Tunnicliffe, Jon] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; [Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, 60 Univ, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; University of Auckland; University of OttawaKokelj, SV (corresponding author), Govt Northwest Terr GNWT, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.Lacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717; Segal, Rebecca/0000-0003-3474-6989; Tunnicliffe, Jon/0000-0003-0377-7803Northwest Territories (NWT) Geological Survey; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Project; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Climate Change Adaptation Program, Indigenous and Northern Affairs CanadaNorthwest Territories (NWT) Geological Survey; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Climate Change Adaptation Program, Indigenous and Northern Affairs CanadaThis work was supported by the Northwest Territories (NWT) Geological Survey and the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Climate Change Adaptation Program, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada. We thank Kelly Pierce for the cartography. Stimulating discussions with C.R. Burn, S. Lamoureux, J. Murton, and S. Wolfe are gratefully acknowledged. Constructive comments by Melissa Chipman and two anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript.27106107<180 Day Usage Count>138GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INCBOULDERPO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA0091-76131943-2682GEOLOGYGeologyAPR2017454371374
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G38626.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G38626.14GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyEN6PKGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0003961257000230 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaRat RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02476-6
Comparing total mercury concentrations of northern Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma malma, in two Canadian Arctic rivers 1986-1988 and 2011-2013
ArticlePOLAR BIOLOGYClimate change; Mercury contamination; Salvelinus malma malma; Stable isotopes; Temporal changeFRESH-WATER FISH; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; LIFE-HISTORY; BEAUFORT SEA; LAKES; ALPINUS; CHARR; ECOSYSTEMSTran, L; Reist, JD; Gallagher, CP; Power, MTran, L.; Reist, J. D.; Gallagher, C. P.; Power, M.EnglishGiven the importance of anadromous Northern Dolly Varden as a consumption staple for northern residents and the climate- and development-related impacts on total mercury (THg) concentrations, temporal changes in northern Dolly Varden THg concentrations were assessed between historical (1986-1988) and contemporary (2011-2013) periods from two rivers in the north-western Canadian Arctic. In the Rat River, mean THg changed from 79 +/- 42ng/g ww in 1986-1988 to 109 +/- 44ng/g ww in 2011-2013, while in the Firth River, THg changed from 126 +/- 45ng/g ww in 1986-1988 to 178 +/- 47ng/g ww in 2011-2012. Length adjusted values indicated increases in the Firth River were driven by the increased size of fish, but increases in the Rat River were not. After factoring in size, C-13 and N-15, [THg] was found to be most influenced over time by fish size, but also significantly modified by temporal period and foodweb position. Relationships between log[THg] versus fork-length and log[THg] versus C-13 have remained constant over time in the Rat River, but not in the Firth River, while relationships between log[THg] versus N-15 have remained constant in the Firth River, but not in the Rat River. Changes in the significance and the slope of the relationships relating C-13 and N-15 to log[THg] suggests underlying bioaccumulative processes are temporally variant and will be sensitive to climate-driven changes in the aquatic environments within which fish live and feed.[Tran, L.] Makivik Corp, Nunavik Res Ctr, POB 179, Kuujjuaq, PQ J0M 1C0, Canada; [Reist, J. D.; Gallagher, C. P.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Power, M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of WaterlooPower, M (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.mpower@uwaterloo.caFisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC); NSERC; Inuvialuit/Fisheries and Ocean CanadaFisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Inuvialuit/Fisheries and Ocean CanadaFinancial support was provided by the Inuvialuit/Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC) and an NSERC Discovery grants to M. Power. The authors thank Bob Fudge, Jim Johnson, Bill Macdonald, Steve Sandstrom, Parks Canada, and the Rat River Harvest Monitoring Program for aid in obtaining the northern Dolly Varden samples analyzed herein. Reviewer comments improved the manuscript, a service for which we are grateful. This research is an extension of that conducted under the Canadian International Polar Year Charrs and Climate Variability project (Reist and Power, PIs).7711<180 Day Usage Count>112SPRINGERNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA0722-40601432-2056POLAR BIOLPolar Biol.MAY2019425865876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02476-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02476-612Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyHW0RU2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004663901000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006038
Continuous Dynamics of Dissolved Methane Over 2 Years and its Carbon Isotopes (delta C-13, Delta C-14) in a Small Arctic Lake in the Mackenzie Delta
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESArctic Lake; diffusion; Mackenzie River Delta; methane; methane oxidationGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; HIGH-LATITUDE; BOREAL LAKES; WATER TRANSPARENCY; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; THAW LAKES; OXIDATION; CO2; CH4Marcek, HAM; Lesack, LFW; Orcutt, BN; Wheat, CG; Dallimore, SR; Geeves, K; Lapham, LLMarcek, Hadley A. McIntosh; Lesack, Lance F. W.; Orcutt, Beth N.; Wheat, C. Geoff; Dallimore, Scott R.; Geeves, Kimberley; Lapham, Laura L.EnglishSeasonally ice-covered permafrost lakes in the Arctic emit methane to the atmosphere during periods of open-water. However, processes contributing to methane cycling under-ice have not been thoroughly addressed despite the potential for significant methane emission to the atmosphere at ice-out. We studied annual dissolved methane dynamics within a small (0.2 ha) Mackenzie River Delta lake using sensor and water sampling packages that autonomously and continuously collected lake water samples, respectively, for two years at multiple water column depths. Lake physical and biogeochemical properties (temperature; light; concentrations of dissolved oxygen, manganese, iron, and dissolved methane, including stable carbon, and radiocarbon isotopes) revealed annual patterns. Dissolved methane concentrations increase under-ice after electron acceptors (oxygen, manganese, and iron oxides) are depleted or inaccessible from the water column. The radiocarbon age of dissolved methane suggests a source from recently decomposed carbon as opposed to thawed ancient permafrost. Sources of dissolved methane under-ice include a diffusive flux from the sediments and may include water column methanogenesis and/or under-ice hydrodynamic controls. Following ice-out, the water column only partially mixes allowing half of the winter-derived dissolved methane to be microbially oxidized. Despite oxidation at depth, surface water was a source of methane to the atmosphere. The greatest diffusive fluxes to the atmosphere occurred following ice-out (75 mmol CH4 m(-2) d(-1)) and during a mixing episode in mid-July, likely driven by a storm event. This study demonstrates the importance of fine-scale temporal sampling to understand dissolved methane processes in seasonally ice-covered lakes.[Marcek, Hadley A. McIntosh; Lapham, Laura L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; [Lesack, Lance F. W.; Geeves, Kimberley] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada; [Orcutt, Beth N.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA; [Wheat, C. Geoff] Univ Alaska, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Dallimore, Scott R.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC, CanadaUniversity System of Maryland; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Simon Fraser University; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaLapham, LL (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.lapham@umces.eduLapham, Laura Lee/AAD-7655-2022Lapham, Laura Lee/0000-0002-7045-1785; McIntosh Marcek, Hadley/0000-0003-3837-1299U.S. National Science Foundation [PLR-1416961, PLR-1417128, PLR-1417815]; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Presidential Fellowship; NSERC Discovery Grant program; NSERC Northern Research Supplement program; Geological Survey of Canada; American Geophysical Union Horton Research Grant; Geological Society of America Charles A. and June R.P. Research Fund; University of Maryland Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fellowship; Polar Knowledge CanadaU.S. National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Presidential Fellowship; NSERC Discovery Grant program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Research Supplement program; Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); American Geophysical Union Horton Research Grant; Geological Society of America Charles A. and June R.P. Research Fund; University of Maryland Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fellowship; Polar Knowledge CanadaWe thank Mitchell Bergstresser, Michelle Cote, Trevor Fournier, Roger MacLeod, and Nilou Rajaei for field assistance; Aimee Beardmore and Mary Oster for laboratory assistance; Christopher Cunada for assistance with surface water flux data analysis; Jeff Chanton and Ann McNichol for radiocarbon analysis assistance; and the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board and entire team at the Aurora Research Institute (Western Arctic Research Centre) for critical logistical, technical, financial, and lab and field support, especially Edwin Amos, Elye Clarkson, and Andrew Gordon. Financial support was provided by U.S. National Science Foundation grants PLR-1416961 (BNO), PLR-1417128 (LLL) and PLR-1417815 (CGW), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Presidential Fellowship (HAMM), NSERC Discovery Grant and Northern Research Supplement programs (LFWL), Geological Survey of Canada (SRD), an American Geophysical Union Horton Research Grant (HAMM), Geological Society of America Charles A. and June R.P. Research Fund (HAMM), University of Maryland Ann G. Wylie Dissertation Fellowship (HAMM), and Polar Knowledge Canada (KG). This research was conducted under Northwest Territories Research license numbers 15724, 15851, and 16066. We thank Lee Cooper, three anonymous reviewers, and the Associate Editor for their constructive comments. This is UMCES contribution #5955.12199<180 Day Usage Count>418AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.MAR20211263
e2020JG006038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006038http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG00603823Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyRH5VT2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006362867000160 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0034
Controls on carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from a low-center polygonal peatland in the Mackenzie River Delta, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEcarbon dioxide; methane; river delta; permafrost; peatlandNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; NEURAL-NETWORK; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; PERMAFROST CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLOSED-PATH; GAS; CO2; TUNDRA; SCALESkeeter, J; Christen, A; Henry, GHRSkeeter, June; Christen, Andreas; Henry, Greg H. R.EnglishGrowing season surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide and methane were quantified at Fish Island, a wetland site in the lower northeast Mackenzie River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. The terrain consists of low-center polygonal tundra and is subject to infrequent flooding in high water years. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes were continuously measured using eddy covariance and the relevance of different environmental controls were identified using neural networks. Net daily carbon dioxide uptake peaked in mid-July before gradually decreasing and transitioning to net daily emissions by September. Variations in light level and temperature were the main controls over diurnal net carbon dioxide uptake, whereas thaw depth and phenology were the main seasonal controls. Methane emissions measured at Fish Island were higher than comparable studies on river delta sites in the Arctic and were influenced by the interaction of a large number of factors including thaw and water table depth, soil temperatures, and net radiation. Spikes in methane emissions were associated with strong winds and turbulence. The Fish Island tundra was a net sink for carbon during the growing season and methane emissions only slightly reduced the overall sink strength.[Skeeter, June; Henry, Greg H. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Christen, Andreas] Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Environm Meteorol, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Fac Environm & Nat Resources, Freiburg, GermanyUniversity of British Columbia; University of FreiburgSkeeter, J (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.june.skeeter@ubc.caCanada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) [33600]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2017-03958, RGPNS-503529, RGPAS-507854]Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)(Canada Foundation for Innovation); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Funding for this study was provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI, Grant #33600 to AC and GH) and the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through Discovery Grant RGPIN-2017-03958 (AC), Northern Research Supplement Grant RGPNS-503529 (AC) and Accelerator Supplement RGPAS-507854 (AC).8511<180 Day Usage Count>613CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN202282471497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0034http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-00342022-02-01 00:00:0027Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics1Y4HFgold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007884939000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006671
Controls on the C-14 Content of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon Mobilized Across the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESradiocarbon; dissolved organic carbon; particulate organic carbon; Mackenzie River Basin; Arctic riversAMS LABORATORY OTTAWA; INORGANIC CARBON; STABLE-ISOTOPES; PEEL PLATEAU; ARCTIC-OCEAN; THAW SLUMPS; TIME-SERIES; MATTER; DELTA; PERMAFROSTCampeau, A; Soerensen, AL; Martma, T; Akerblom, S; Zdanowicz, CCampeau, A.; Soerensen, A. L.; Martma, T.; Akerblom, S.; Zdanowicz, C.EnglishThe Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) delivers large quantities of organic carbon (OC) into the Arctic Ocean, with significant implications for the global C budgets and ocean biogeochemistry. The amount and properties of OC in the Mackenzie River's delta have been well monitored in the last decade, but the spatial variability in OC sources transported by its different tributaries is still unclear. Here we present new data on the radiocarbon (C-14) content of dissolved and particulate OC (Delta C-14-DOC and Delta C-14-POC) across the mainstem and major tributaries of the MRB, comprising 19 different locations, to identify factors controlling spatial patterns in riverine OC sources. The Delta C-14-DOC and Delta C-14-POC varied across a large range, from -179.9 parts per thousand to 62.9 parts per thousand, and -728.8 parts per thousand to -9.0 parts per thousand, respectively. Our data reveal a positive spatial coupling between the Delta C-14 of DOC and POC across the MRB, whereby the most C-14-depleted waters were issued from the mountainous west bank of the MRB. This C-14-depleted DOC and POC likely originates from a combination of petrogenic sources, connected with the presence of kerogens in the bedrock, and biogenic sources, mobilized by thawing permafrost. Our analysis also reveals intriguing relationships between Delta C-14 of DOC and POC with turbidity, water stable isotope ratio and catchment elevation, indicating that hydrology and geomorphology are key to understanding riverine OC sources in this landscape. A closer examination of the specific mechanisms giving rise to these relationships is recommended. For now, this study provides a road map of the key OC sources in this rapidly changing river basin.[Campeau, A.; Zdanowicz, C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden; [Campeau, A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Soerensen, A. L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, Stockholm, Sweden; [Soerensen, A. L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, Stockholm, Sweden; [Martma, T.] Tallinn Univ Technol, Dept Geol, Tallinn, Estonia; [Akerblom, S.] Statist Sweden, Stat Cent Byran SCB, Stockholm, SwedenUppsala University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Stockholm University; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Tallinn University of Technology; Statistics SwedenCampeau, A (corresponding author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden.;Campeau, A (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden.audrey.campeau@slu.se; Martma, Tonu/B-7386-2019Soerensen, Anne Laerke/0000-0002-8490-8600; Zdanowicz, Christian/0000-0002-1045-5063; Martma, Tonu/0000-0001-5894-7692; Campeau, Audrey/0000-0002-9113-8915Formas, the Swedish government research council for sustainable development [2017-00660]; Formas [2019-01529]; Western Arctic Research CenterFormas, the Swedish government research council for sustainable development; Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); Western Arctic Research CenterThis project was funded by grant #2017-00660 (P.I, C. Zdanowicz) from Formas, the Swedish government research council for sustainable development. Additional support from Formas through grant #2019-01529 (P.I, A. Campeau) is also acknowledged. River sampling in the Northwest Territories was conducted under a Scientific Research Licence issued by the Aurora Research Institute, and with the guidance and/or assistance of community residents and organizations of the following First Nation (FN) groups, to whom we are greatly indebted: South Slave Region: Fort Resolution Metis Council and Deninu K'ue FN (Fort Resolution), and Smith's Landing FN (Fort Smith); North Slave Region: North Slave Metis Alliance (Yellowknife) and Tli.cho Government (Behchoko`); Deh Cho region: Deh Gah Gotie FN (Fort Providence), Liidlii Kue FN (Fort Simpson), and Sambaa K'e FN (Sambaa K'e River); Mackenzie Delta region: Gwich'in Tribal Council (Inuvik) and Tetlit Gwich'Renewal Resources Council (Fort McPherson). In Inuvik, we also benefited from the support of the Western Arctic Research Center and its staff. Sampling on the Peace River in Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta, was carried out under Park Canada research permit WB2018-27981 and with kind permission from the Mikisew Cree First Nation. The Salt River FN also provided both guidance and access to the Peace River at Fort Fitzgerald. Hendrick Falk and Steve Kokelj (Northwest Territories Geological Survey) and Bruce Stuart (Taiga Environmental Laboratory) gave valuable advice or support in planning the field and lab work. Torbjorn Johannes Erikson and Emmanuel Queyla provided valuable assistance in the field. Analytical services in Ottawa were provided by Paul Middlestead, Wendi Abdi, and Patricia Wickham at the Jan Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory, and by Carolyn Dziawa, Christabel Jean, Sarah Murseli, and Dr. Xiao-Lei Zhao at the A. E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory.8377<180 Day Usage Count>320AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleDEC20203412
e2020GB006671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006671http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB00667115Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesPM2WFGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006036655000100 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146841
Coupled hydrological and geochemical impacts of wildfire in peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTSubarctic; Snowmelt; Ground thaw; Peat hydraulics; Ash translocation; Residence timeCLIMATE-CHANGE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MERCURY METHYLATION; WATER REPELLENCY; BOREAL PEATLAND; ORGANIC-MATTER; FIRE; DEGRADATION; FORESTAckley, C; Tank, SE; Haynes, KM; Rezanezhad, F; McCarter, C; Quinton, WLAckley, Caren; Tank, Suzanne E.; Haynes, Kristine M.; Rezanezhad, Fereidoun; McCarter, Colin; Quinton, William L.EnglishNaturally-ignited wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity in northern regions, contributing to rapid permafrost thaw-induced landscape change driven by climate warming. Low-severity wildfires typically result in minor organic matter loss. The impacts of such fires on the hydrological and geochemical dynamics of peat plateau-wetland complexes have not been examined. In 2014, a low-severity wildfire, with minimal ground surface damage, burned approximately one-half of a 5 ha permafrost plateau in the wetland-dominated landscape of the Scotty Creek watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada, in the discontinuous permafrost zone. In March 2016, hydrometeorological and permafrost conditions on the burned and unaffected plateaus were monitored including snowpack characteristics and surface energy dynamics. Pore water samples were collected from the saturated layer as thaw progressed throughout the growing season on the burned and unaffected plateaus. Repeated probing of the frost table depth was coupled with laboratory analyses of peat physical and hydraulic characteristics performed on peat cores collected from the top 20 cm of the ground surface in the burned and unaffected plots. The higher transmissivity of the burned forest canopy accelerated snowmelt promoting earlier onset of the thawing season and increased the ground heat flux to melt ground ice. Wildfire increased the thickness of the supra-permafrost layer, including the active layer and talik, resulting in a more uniform subsurface with limited depressional storage capacity and reduced preferential runoff flowpaths across the burned plateau. The incorporation of ash and char into the peat matrix reduced pore diameters, promoting greater subsurface soil moisture retention and longer pore water residence times ultimately providing greater opportunity for soil water interaction and biogeochemical reactions. Consequently, pore water showed elevated dissolved solutes, dissolved organic matter and mercury concentrations in the burned site. Low-severity wildfires have the potential to trigger a series of complex, inter-related hydrological, thermal and biogeochemical processes and feedbacks. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Ackley, Caren; Haynes, Kristine M.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Ecohydrol Res Grp, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rezanezhad, Fereidoun] Univ Waterloo, Water Inst, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [McCarter, Colin] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Alberta; University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto; University Toronto ScarboroughHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caPolar Knowledge Canada [1516-107, 16170009]Polar Knowledge CanadaThe authors wish to thank the offices of the Liidlii Kue First Nation, the Jean-Marie River First Nation, and the Dehcho First Nations for their support of both the Scotty Creek Research Station and this project. We also gratefully acknowledge Polar Knowledge Canada for their financial support for this study provided through grants 1516-107 and 16170009. We would like to acknowledge the Canada Excellence Research Chair programin Ecohydrology at theUniversity ofWaterloo for providing the lab supplies for the flow-through reactor experiment. We also wish to thank Clara Ackley for her dedicated work as a Research Assistant, as well as Michael Braverman, Olivia Carpino, Ryan Connon, Elise Devoie, Geoffrey Kershaw, Joelle Langford, Alex MacLean, Elzbieta Mastej, Elyse Mathieu, Riley Mills, Ashley Rudy, Katherine Standen, Lindsay Stone, Marianne Vandergriendt, Meagan Warkentin, Becca Warren and Nick Wilson for their assistance throughout this study. We thank the three reviewers for their constructive comments.9966<180 Day Usage Count>859ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.AUG 152021782
146841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146841http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.14684118Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologySJ6EP338488612023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006556263000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveHay River basin, Katl'odeeche First NationYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197923
Culturally Driven Monitoring: The Importance of Traditional Ecological Knowledge Indicators in Understanding Aquatic Ecosystem Change in the Northwest Territories' Dehcho Region
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYtraditional ecological knowledge; indicators; community-based monitoring; freshwater ecosystems; social&#8211; ecological changeCLIMATE-CHANGE; JAMES BAY; COMMUNITY; WILDLIFE; HEALTH; CANADA; WATERStenekes, S; Parlee, B; Seixas, CStenekes, Sydney; Parlee, Brenda; Seixas, CristianaEnglishThere is growing concern about the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems in northern Canada that are under significant stress from climate change, resource development, and hydroelectric development, among others. Community-based monitoring (CBM) based on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has the potential to contribute to understanding impacts on the environment and community livelihoods. This paper shares insights about culturally driven monitoring, through collaborative research with Katl'odeeche First Nation (KFN) in the Northwest Territories. This research was initiated in 2018 to improve understanding of the changes occurring in the Hay River and Buffalo River sub-basins, which extend primarily across the Alberta and Northwest Territories borders. Drawing on 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with KFN elders, fish harvesters, and youth, this paper illustrates the kinds of social-ecological indicators used by KFN to track changes in the health of aquatic systems as well as the fishing livelihoods of local people. Utilizing indicators, fishers observe declines in fish health, water quality, water quantity, and ice thickness in their lifetime. Community members perceive these changes to be a result of the cumulative effects of environmental stressors. The indicators as well as trends and patterns being observed and experienced can contribute to both social learning in the community as well as the governance of the larger Mackenzie River Basin.[Stenekes, Sydney; Parlee, Brenda] Univ Alberta, Dept Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Seixas, Cristiana] Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Environm Studies & Res NEPAM, BR-13083862 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniversity of Alberta; Universidade Estadual de CampinasStenekes, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.stenekes@ualberta.ca; bparlee@ualberta.ca; cristiana.seixas@gmail.comSeixas, Cristiana S./B-1481-2014Seixas, Cristiana S./0000-0002-4464-2094Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, SSHRC [895-2015-1024]; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); University of Alberta North Research Awards; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2018/08839-3]Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, SSHRC(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); University of Alberta North Research Awards; Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)(Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP))This Tracking Change research project was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, SSHRC PG 895-2015-1024. The Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP) and University of Alberta North Research Awards also provided funding for fieldwork activities. C.S. Seixas was supported by The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grant No. 2018/08839-3.5822<180 Day Usage Count>225MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityOCT20201219
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197923http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1219792319Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyON4CNgold, Green Published2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005866512000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaGwich'in Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114667
Cumulative Environmental Impacts in the Gwich'in Cultural Landscape
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYcumulative impact assessment; cultural landscape; cultural feature; spatial overlay analysis; Canadian subarctic; Gwich'inTRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SHRUB TUNDRA; OIL-FIELD; ECOSYSTEMS; REGION; PERMAFROST; VULNERABILITY; STRESSORS; STATEProverbs, TA; Lantz, TCProverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.Gwich'in Tribal Council DeptEnglishEnvironmental changes are impacting northern environments and human communities. Cumulative impact assessments are vital to understanding the combined effects of regional industrial developments and natural disturbances that affect humans and ecosystems. A gap in cumulative impacts literature includes methods to evaluate impacts in cultural landscapes. In this study, we utilized spatial overlay analysis to assess cumulative environmental impacts in the cultural landscape of northern Canada's Gwich'in Settlement Region. In three analyses, we quantified and mapped: (1) Cultural feature density, (2) cumulative environmental disturbance, and (3) potential overlap between disturbances and cultural features. Our first analysis depicts the extent and pattern of cultural relationships with regional landscapes and illustrates the Gwich'in cultural landscape, with widespread harvesting trails, named places, traditional use areas, and archaeological sites found in highest densities near important waterways. Our second analysis suggests that spatial overlay can track multiple disturbances, illustrating diffuse, lower intensity cumulative environmental impacts. The final analysis shows that overlaying disturbance and cultural feature data provides a novel way to investigate cumulative impacts in a cultural landscape, indicating relatively low levels of potential overlap between Gwich'in cultural features and disturbances. These methods provide one way to investigate cumulative impacts, relevant for well- documented cultural landscapes.[Proverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.traceyp@uvic.ca; tlantz@uvic.caSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada through the Tracking Change project [895-2015-1024]; Northern Scientific Training ProgramSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada through the Tracking Change project; Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis research was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada through the Tracking Change project (grant number 895-2015-1024), and by the Northern Scientific Training Program.10344<180 Day Usage Count>520MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityJUN20201211
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114667http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1211466722Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyMC6JXgold, Green Published2023-03-08WOS:0005433918003300 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113322
Decadal trends in the release of terrigenous organic carbon to the Mackenzie Delta (Canadian Arctic) using satellite ocean color data (1998-2019)
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTClimate change; Organic carbon; Permafrost thaw; Ocean color remote sensingNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PERMAFROST CARBON; SEA-ICE; MATTER; WATERS; RIVER; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; CALIBRATION; PARTICLESMatsuoka, A; Babin, M; Vonk, JEMatsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel; Vonk, Jorien E.EnglishArctic rivers operate as integrators of northern high latitude regions, where large stocks of soil organic carbon (OC) are currently experiencing rapid warming. Here we show that tracking total OC in the Mackenzie Delta whose upstream catchment is underlain by permafrost soils is now possible using polar-orbiting satellite ocean color observations. A non-parametric trend analysis that is valid for hydrological data shows a significant in-crease in dissolved OC (DOC) as well as particulate OC (POC) concentrations in late summer (0.019 and 0.069 g m(-3) year(-1); p < 0.05 for both). Uncertainties of the satellite estimates of DOC and POC do not influence our results. These concentration increases are not related to changes in river discharge. Parallel increases of independent long-term (1979-2018) in situ measurements of thaw depth of the active layer, as well as meteorological and hydrological patterns suggest that these late summer increases can likely be explained by increasing inputs of permafrost OC. This study shows great promise for remote, large-scale detection of catchment-scale thaw impacts from space.[Matsuoka, Atsushi] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Matsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel] CNRS, Takuvik Int Res Lab, 1045 Ave Medecine, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Matsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Takuvik Int Res Lab, 1045 Ave Medecine, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniversity System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Laval University; Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamMatsuoka, A (corresponding author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.atsushi.matsuoka@unh.eduVonk, Jorien/0000-0002-1206-5878European Union [773421]; CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique); CNES (Centre national d'etudes spatiales) [131425]; ArcticNet [P066]; Sentinel North [113079]; NASA ROSES project [1658689, 80NM0018D0004]; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) [19RT000542, 20RT000350]European Union(European Commission); CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique)(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)); CNES (Centre national d'etudes spatiales)(Centre National D'etudes Spatiales); ArcticNet; Sentinel North; NASA ROSES project; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C)All data used in the present study are publicly available. Satellite data are available at NASA Ocean Color Website (https://oceandata.sci. gsfc.nasa.gov). Hydrological and meteorological data are available at the Water Office (https://wateroffice.ec.gc.ca/) and Environment Canada (https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change.html), respectively. Precipitation data are also available at NOAA website (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/). Thaw depth data are available at CALM website (https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/). Data presented in this study are available upon request. This publication is part of the Nunataryuk project, which has received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 773421. Parts of this research was supported by CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique), CNES (Centre national d'etudes spatiales; contract #131425), ArcticNet (contract #P066), and Sentinel North (contract #113079). Support to complete the analyses conducted in the present study was also provided by a NASA ROSES project (subcontract #1658689 of the prime contract awarded to Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 80NM0018D0004 between Caltech and NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C; con-tracts#19RT000542 and #20RT000350) to AM. We thank comments by Eric Rehm and Suzanne Tank, and the five anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript.6700<180 Day Usage Count>1818ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.DEC 152022283
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113322http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.1133222022-11-01 00:00:0010Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology6D0OU2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0008824022000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0240-6
Decomposition of Senesced Leaf Litter is Faster in Tall Compared to Low Birch Shrub Tundra
ArticleECOSYSTEMSArctic; Betula; climate warming; deepened snow; litter decomposition; deciduous shrubs; long-term investigationTERM EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; DEEPENED SNOW; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VEGETATION TYPE; BETULA-NANA; FROZEN SOIL; NITROGENChristiansen, CT; Mack, MC; DeMarco, J; Grogan, PChristiansen, Casper T.; Mack, Michelle C.; DeMarco, Jennie; Grogan, PaulEnglishMany Low Arctic tundra regions are currently undergoing a vegetation shift towards increasing growth and groundcover of tall deciduous shrubs due to recent climate warming. Vegetation change directly affects ecosystem carbon balance, but it can also affect soil biogeochemical cycling through physical and biological feedback mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that enhanced snow accumulation around relatively tall shrubs has negligible physical effect on litter decomposition rates. However, these investigations were no more than 3 years, and therefore may be insufficient to detect differences in inherently slow biogeochemical processes. Here, we report a 5-year study near Daring Lake, Canada, comparing Betula neoalaskana foliar litter decay rates within unmanipulated and snowfenced low-stature birch (height: similar to 0.3 m) plots to test the physical effect of experimentally deepened snow, and within tall birch (height: similar to 0.8 m) plots to test the combined physical and biological effects, that is, deepened snow plus strong birch dominance. Having corrected for carbon gain by the colonizing decomposers, actual litter carbon loss increased by approximately 25% in the tall birch relative to both low birch sites. Decay of lignin-like acid unhydrolizable litter residues also accelerated in the tall birch site, and a similar but lower magnitude response in the snowfenced low birch site indicated that physical effects of deepened snow were at least partially responsible. In contrast, deepened snow alone did not affect litter carbon loss. Our findings suggest that a combination of greater litter inputs, altered soil microbial community, enhanced soil nutrient pools, and warmer winter soils together promote relatively fast decomposition of recalcitrant litter carbon in tall birch shrub environments.[Christiansen, Casper T.; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Christiansen, Casper T.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [DeMarco, Jennie] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAQueens University - Canada; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; State University System of Florida; University of FloridaChristiansen, CT (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Christiansen, CT (corresponding author), Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.christiansen.ct@gmail.comChristiansen, Casper/0000-0002-4526-614XNSERC; Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Trillium scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities; NSF [DEB-0516041, OPP-6767545]; Division Of Environmental Biology; Direct For Biological Sciences [1556496] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Trillium scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Division Of Environmental Biology; Direct For Biological Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO))We are thankful for lab assistance from Yvette Chirinian, Olivia RoDee, and Samantha Miller. We also thank Mike Treberg and Robbie Hember for constructing the snowfences, and Karin Clark and Steve and Louise Matthews for logistical support at the Daring Lake TERS. Many helpful comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. This work was financed by NSERC and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in the Government of the Northwest Territories. C.T.C. was financed by an Ontario Trillium scholarship from the Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities. M.C.M. and J.D.'s participation was funded by NSF Grants DEB-0516041 and OPP-6767545.811616<180 Day Usage Count>647SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsDEC201821815641579
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0240-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0240-616EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHB3AU2023-03-14WOS:0004509197000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtu, North Slave, South SlaveDeline, Yellowknife, Hay River, Fort ResolutionNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131816
Determining Freshwater Lake Communities' Vulnerability to Snowstorms in the Northwest Territories
ArticleWATERadaptive capacity; exposure; lake-induced precipitation; snowstorms; livelihood vulnerability; sensitivityMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; REGIONAL CLIMATE; COASTAL COMMUNITIES; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; INTERVENTIONS; FRAMEWORK; SNOWFALL; CONTEXT; TRENDS; IMPACTBaijnath-Rodino, JA; Albizua, A; Sushama, L; Bennett, E; Robinson, BEBaijnath-Rodino, Janine A.; Albizua, Amaia; Sushama, Laxmi; Bennett, Elena; Robinson, Brian E.EnglishAs the exposure to extreme snowstorms continues to change in response to a warming climate, this can lead to higher infrastructure damages, financial instability, accessibility restrictions, as well as safety and health effects. However, it is challenging to quantify the impacts associated with the combination of the many biophysical and socio-economic factors for resiliency and adaptation assessments across many disciplines on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This study applies a framework to quantitatively determine the multiple impacts of snowstorms by calculating the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) for four exposed freshwater lake communities in Canada's Northwest Territories using three contributing factors (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity). Results indicate that Deline is the most vulnerable community (0.67), because it has the highest exposure and one of the highest sensitivity ranks, while its ability to adapt to exposure stressors is the lowest among the communities. In contrast, Fort Resolution exhibits the lowest LVI (0.26) and has one of the highest adaptive capacities. This study emphasizes that while these freshwater communities may be exposed to snowstorms, they have different levels of sensitivity and adaptive capacities in place that influences their vulnerability to changes in hazardous snowfall conditions. The information gained from this study can help guide future adaptation, mitigation, and resiliency practices for Arctic sustainability efforts.[Baijnath-Rodino, Janine A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; [Albizua, Amaia] Basque Ctr Climate Change, Parque Cientif UPV EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; [Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; [Bennett, Elena] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Macdonald Campus, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Bennett, Elena] McGill Univ, Bieler Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada; [Robinson, Brian E.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, CanadaUniversity of California System; University of California Irvine; Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3); McGill University; McGill University; McGill University; McGill UniversityBaijnath-Rodino, JA (corresponding author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.jbaijnat@uci.edu; amaia.albizua@bc3research.org; laxmi.sushama@mcgill.ca; elena.bennett@mcgill.ca; brian.e.robinson@mcgill.caAlbizua, Amaia/AAA-6326-2019; Bennett, Elena/A-9553-2008; Robinson, Brian E/AAC-4173-2020; Robinson, Brian/C-2217-2014Albizua, Amaia/0000-0001-8381-5288; Baijnath-Rodino, Janine/0000-0001-9364-3627; Robinson, Brian/0000-0002-8972-8318McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI) from Montreal, Canada [246889]McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI) from Montreal, CanadaThis research was funded by the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI), grant number 246889 from Montreal, Canada.5311<180 Day Usage Count>23MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterJUL20211313
1816
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131816http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1313181628Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesTG2DPgold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006712199000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaGwich'in Settlement AreaYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13672
Disrupted ecosystem and human phenology at the climate frontline in Gwich'in First Nation territory
ArticleCONSERVATION BIOLOGYProverbs, TA; Stewart, AR; Vittrekwa, A; Vittrekwa, E; Hovel, RA; Hodgson, EEProverbs, Tracey A.; Stewart, Abraham R.; Vittrekwa, Alice; Vittrekwa, Ernest; Hovel, Rachel A.; Hodgson, Emma E.English[Proverbs, Tracey A.; Hodgson, Emma E.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Stewart, Abraham R.; Vittrekwa, Alice; Vittrekwa, Ernest] Lower Mackenzie Whitefish Program, POB 86, Ft Mcpherson, NT X0E 0J0, Canada; [Hovel, Rachel A.] Univ Maine Farmington, Dept Biol, 173 High St, Farmington, ME 04938 USA; [Hodgson, Emma E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Ecosyst, 4222 Cultus Valley Rd, Cultus Lake, BC V2R 5B6, CanadaSimon Fraser University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Farmington; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHodgson, EE (corresponding author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.;Hodgson, EE (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Ecosyst, 4222 Cultus Valley Rd, Cultus Lake, BC V2R 5B6, Canada.emma.hodgson@dfo-mpo.gc.caNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board's Wildlife Studies Fund; Northwest Territories On the Land Program; Liber Ero Fellowship ProgramNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board's Wildlife Studies Fund; Northwest Territories On the Land Program; Liber Ero Fellowship ProgramWe thank the communities of Fort McPherson, Aklavik, Tsiigehtchic, and Inuvik for their generosity and support. This work was funded by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program, the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board's Wildlife Studies Fund, the Northwest Territories On the Land Program, and the Liber Ero Fellowship Program. We also thank the 3 anonymous reviewers and the editors for suggestions that improved this manuscript.1844<180 Day Usage Count>05WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0888-88921523-1739CONSERV BIOLConserv. Biol.AUG202135413481352
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13672http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.136722021-02-01 00:00:005Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyTR2AX33245587hybrid, Green Published2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006182271000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.642675
Downstream Evolution of Particulate Organic Matter Composition From Permafrost Thaw Slumps
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEArctic; climate; carbon; lipid biomarkers; Peel Plateau; permafrost; pyrolysis-GCMS; degradationPEEL PLATEAU; SOIL CARBON; LAPTEV SEA; RIVER; ICE; PYROLYSIS; NWT; BIODEGRADABILITY; PRESERVATION; TERRESTRIALKeskitalo, KH; Broder, L; Shakil, S; Zolkos, S; Tank, SE; van Dongen, BE; Tesi, T; Haghipour, N; Eglinton, TI; Kokelj, SV; Vonk, JEKeskitalo, Kirsi H.; Broeder, Lisa; Shakil, Sarah; Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; van Dongen, Bart E.; Tesi, Tommaso; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy, I; Kokelj, Steven, V; Vonk, Jorien E.EnglishPermafrost soils, which store almost half of the global belowground organic carbon (OC), are susceptible to thaw upon climate warming. On the Peel Plateau of northwestern Canada, the number and size of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) has increased in recent decades due to rising temperatures and higher precipitation. These RTS features caused by the rapid thaw of ice-rich permafrost release organic matter dominantly as particulate organic carbon (POC) to the stream network. In this study, we sampled POC and streambank sediments along a fluvial transect (similar to 12 km) downstream from two RTS features and assessed the composition and degradation status of the mobilized permafrost OC. We found that RTS features add old, Pleistocene-aged permafrost POC to the stream system that is traceable kilometers downstream. The POC released consists mainly of recalcitrant compounds that persists within stream networks, whereas labile compounds originate from the active layer and appear to largely degrade within the scar zone of the RTS feature. Thermokarst on the Peel Plateau is likely to intensify in the future, but our data suggest that most of the permafrost OC released is not readily degradable within the stream system and thus may have little potential for atmospheric evasion. Possibilities for the recalcitrant OC to degrade over decadal to millennial time scales while being transported via larger river networks, and within the marine environment, do however, still exist. These findings add to our understanding of the vulnerable Arctic landscapes and how they may interact with the global climate.[Keskitalo, Kirsi H.; Broeder, Lisa; Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Broeder, Lisa; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy, I] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Shakil, Sarah; Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [van Dongen, Bart E.] Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Tesi, Tommaso] CNR, Inst Polar Sci, Bologna, Italy; [Haghipour, Negar] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaVrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Alberta; University of Manchester; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH ZurichKeskitalo, KH; Vonk, JE (corresponding author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.k.h.keskitalo@vu.nl; j.e.vonk@vu.nlVonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Keskitalo, K.H./0000-0001-5793-5083European Research Council [676982]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [444873, 430696]; Polar Continental Shelf Program [617-17]European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf ProgramThis study was funded with a European Research Council Starting Grant to JV (THAWSOME #676982). ST, SS, and SZ received funds from the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, #444873 and #430696), and the Polar Continental Shelf Program (#617-17).8555<180 Day Usage Count>720FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.MAR 2920219
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.642675http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.64267521Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyRL7DOgold, Green Published2023-03-11WOS:0006391292000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTlicho First Nation, Gameti, Wekweeti, Whati, BehchokoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2022.2070342
Drivers of extreme wildfire years in the 1965-2019 fire regime of the Tlicho First Nation territory, Canada
ArticleECOSCIENCEWildfires; Canadian national fire database; fire weather index; large fires; drought; boreal forestBOREAL FOREST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEGA-FIRES; AMERICA; CARBON; SEASON; WESTERN; COVER; CONSEQUENCESGaboriau, DM; Asselin, H; Ali, AA; Hely, C; Girardin, MPGaboriau, Dorian M.; Asselin, Hugo; Ali, Adam A.; Hely, Christelle; Girardin, Martin P.EnglishExceptionally large areas burned in 2014 in central Northwest Territories (Canada), leading members of the Tlicho First Nation to characterize this year as 'extreme'. Top-down climatic and bottom-up environmental drivers of fire behavior and areas burned in the boreal forest are relatively well understood, but not the drivers of extreme wildfire years (EWY). We investigated the temporal and spatial distributions of fire regime components (fire occurrence, size, cause, fire season length) on the Tlicho territory from 1965 to 2019. We used BioSIM and data from weather stations to interpolate mean weather conditions, fuel moisture content and fire-weather indices for each fire season, and we described the environmental characteristics of burned areas. We identified and characterized EWY, i.e., years exceeding the 80th percentile of annual area burned for the study period. Temperature and fuel moisture were the main drivers of areas burned. Nine EWY occurred from 1965 to 2019, including 2014. Compared to non-EWY, EWY had significantly higher mean temperature (>14.7 degrees C) and exceeded threshold values of Drought Code (>514), Initial Spread Index (>7), and Fire Weather Index (>19). Our results will help limit the effects of EWY on human safety, health and Indigenous livelihoods and lifestyles.[Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Asselin, Hugo] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Sch Indigenous Studies, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada; [Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Ali, Adam A.; Hely, Christelle] Univ Montpellier, EPHE, CNRS, ISEM,IRD, Montpellier, France; [Asselin, Hugo; Girardin, Martin P.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Forest Res, Stn Ctr Ville, POB 8888, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Hely, Christelle] PSL Univ, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, Paris, France; [Girardin, Martin P.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceGaboriau, DM (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Sch Indigenous Studies, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada.;Gaboriau, DM (corresponding author), Univ Montpellier, EPHE, CNRS, ISEM,IRD, Montpellier, France.dorian.gaboriau@uqat.caGaboriau, Dorian/GOK-1698-2022Gaboriau, Dorian/0000-0002-1967-3710; Girardin, Martin/0000-0003-0436-7486Polar Knowledge Canada [NST-1718-0014]; National Geographic Society [EC-386R-18]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Polar Knowledge Canada; National Geographic Society(National Geographic Society); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was supported by a grant to HA from Polar Knowledge Canada (#NST-1718-0014), a grant to DMG from the National Geographic Society (#EC-386R-18), and a Discovery Grant to MPG from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).10922<180 Day Usage Count>58TAYLOR & FRANCIS INCPHILADELPHIA530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA1195-68602376-7626ECOSCIENCEEcoscienceJUL 32022293249265
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2022.2070342http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2022.20703422022-05-01 00:00:0017EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology2O9HBGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0007907326000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort shoreline, Beaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.561322
Effective Monitoring of Permafrost Coast Erosion: Wide-scale Storm Impacts on Outer Islands in the Mackenzie Delta Area
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEarctic storms; permafrost coasts; volumetric erosion monitoring; photogrammetric surveys; regional scale impacts; arctic community resilienceWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; GROUND-ICE; LAPTEV SEA; INFRASTRUCTURE; DISCHARGE; DYNAMICS; THREATS; RIVERLim, M; Whalen, D; Mann, PJ; Fraser, P; Berry, HB; Irish, C; Cockney, K; Woodward, JLim, Michael; Whalen, Dustin; Mann, Paul J.; Fraser, Paul; Berry, Heather Bay; Irish, Charlotte; Cockney, Kendyce; Woodward, JohnEnglishPermafrost coasts are extensive in scale and complex in nature, resulting in particular challenges for understanding how they respond to both long-term shifts in climate and short-term extreme weather events. Taking examples from the Canadian Beaufort Sea coastline characterized by extensive areas of massive ground ice within slump and block failure complexes, we conduct a quantitative analysis of the practical performance of helicopter-based photogrammetry. The results demonstrate that large scale (>1 km(2)) surface models can be achieved at comparable accuracy to standard unmanned aerial vehicle surveys, but 36 times faster. Large scale models have greater potential for progressive alignment and contrast issues and so breaking down image sequences into coherent chunks has been found the most effective technique for accurate landscape reconstructions. The approach has subsequently been applied in a responsive acquisition immediately before and after a large storm event and during conditions (wind gusts >50 km h(-1)) that would have prohibited unmanned aerial vehicle data acquisition. Trading lower resolution surface models for large scale coverage and more effective responsive monitoring, the helicopter-based data have been applied to assess storm driven-change across the exposed outer islands of the Mackenzie Delta area for the first time. These data show that the main storm impacts were concentrated on exposed North orientated permafrost cliff sections (particularly low cliffs, >20 m in height) where cliff recession was 43% of annual rates and in places up to 29% of the annual site-wide erosion volume was recorded in this single event. In contrast, the thaw-slump complexes remained relatively unaffected, debris flow fans were generally more resistant to storm erosion than the ice-rich cliffs, perhaps due to the relatively low amounts of precipitation that occurred. Therefore, the variability of permafrost coast erosion rates is controlled by interactions between both the forcing conditions and local response mechanisms. Helicopter-based photogrammetric surveys have the potential to effectively analyze these controls with greater spatial and temporal consistency across more representative scales and resolutions than has previously been achieved, improving the capacity to adequately constrain and ultimately project future Arctic coast sensitivity.[Lim, Michael; Mann, Paul J.; Woodward, John] Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; [Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, Paul] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Berry, Heather Bay] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Irish, Charlotte; Cockney, Kendyce] Tuktoyaktuk Climate Resilience Project, Tuktoyaktuk, ON, CanadaNorthumbria University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Dalhousie UniversityLim, M (corresponding author), Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.michael.lim@northumbria.ac.uk; Mann, Paul/H-7268-2014Lim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773; Berry, Heather Bay/0000-0001-8865-9800; Woodward, John/0000-0002-4980-4080; Mann, Paul/0000-0002-6221-3533Natural Resources Canada's Climate Change Geoscience program; Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Climate Change Preparedness in the North Fund (CCPN) of Indigenous and Northern Affairs CanadaNatural Resources Canada's Climate Change Geoscience program(Natural Resources Canada); Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Climate Change Preparedness in the North Fund (CCPN) of Indigenous and Northern Affairs CanadaThe authors thank and acknowledge the support of the NERC Arctic office UK-Canada Bursary scheme and Polar Continental Shelf Program for helicopter survey support, without which this research would not have been possible. This work was supported by the Natural Resources Canada's Climate Change Geoscience program and is linked to and received funds from the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) and Climate Change Preparedness in the North Fund (CCPN) both of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada.541111<180 Day Usage Count>317FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.OCT 820208
561322
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.561322http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.56132217Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyOE6XDgold, Green Accepted2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005806704000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11657
Effects of prolonged sedimentation from permafrost degradation on macroinvertebrate drift in Arctic streams
ArticleLIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHYRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; INVERTEBRATE DRIFT; FINE SEDIMENT; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; COMMUNITIES; PLATEAU; RIVERS; COLONIZATION; RESPONSES; IMPACTSLevenstein, B; Lento, J; Culp, JLevenstein, Brianna; Lento, Jennifer; Culp, JosephEnglishRetrogressive thaw slumps are areas of unstable degraded permafrost that often drain into nearby watersheds, leading to increased sediment loads and changes in water quality. Thaw slumps are prevalent across the Arctic, including western Canada, Alaska, and Russia, and high-altitude areas of western China. Over the past several decades, increased temperatures and precipitation in the Arctic have led to increases in the size and frequency of thaw slumps. Our study explored the effects of prolonged sedimentation from thaw slumps in the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada on benthic macroinvertebrate drift, an important biological function of stream ecosystems. Though sedimentation is known to initiate a catastrophic drift response, studies have generally not considered the drift response to ongoing, long-term perturbation. Drift densities and sediment loads were measured using drift nets and sediment traps at paired sites upstream and downstream of thaw slumps. We compared drift densities and sediment loads between sites and examined how drift differed over a fine-sediment gradient. The amount of suspended and settling fine sediments increased significantly at downstream sites. Drift densities decreased at downstream sites; however, when drift was corrected for benthic abundance at each site, there was an increase in proportional drift density associated with increased fine sediments. These results indicate that prolonged impacts from thaw slumps result in lower macroinvertebrate abundance and higher proportional drift relative to undisturbed sites. Ultimately, increased sediment loads from thaw slumps represent a chronic stressor that will continue to prevent recovery of macroinvertebrate communities at impacted sites until these features stabilize.[Levenstein, Brianna; Lento, Jennifer; Culp, Joseph] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Levenstein, Brianna; Lento, Jennifer; Culp, Joseph] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Culp, Joseph] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityLevenstein, B (corresponding author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada.;Levenstein, B (corresponding author), Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada.brianna.levenstein@unb.caLento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Levenstein, Brianna/0000-0002-3776-1933Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP-Government of the Northwest Territories); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramCumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP-Government of the Northwest Territories); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf ProgramWe are grateful for the superb technical assistance of K. Roach, D. Hryn, D. Halliwell, K. Heard, and E. Luiker. We are particularly indebted to K. Chin, S Kokelj, G. Vaneltsi, S. Tetlichi, C. Firth, and D. Colin. Special thanks to the Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik for providing field and logistical assistance. We acknowledge T. Lantz for providing GIS data. Constructive comments from R. Cunjak, M. Gray, A. Alexander, S. Tank, and anonymous reviewers were much appreciated and helped improve this manuscript. Funding to J. Culp and J. Lento was provided by the Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (CIMP-Government of the Northwest Territories), as well as funding from Environment and Climate Change Canada and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to J. Culp. The Polar Continental Shelf Program provided funding to support transportation and logistical support.6722<180 Day Usage Count>517WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0024-35901939-5590LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.JAN2021661SIS157S168
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.11657http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.116572020-12-01 00:00:0012Limnology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyQN5FRhybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005952153000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, Dehcho, South SlaveSites in the Mackenzie Valley Permanent Monitoring Plot NetworkNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2082263
Estimating lichen biomass in forests and peatlands of northwestern Canada in a changing climate
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHLichen cover; lichen height; model; boreal; subarcticWOODLAND CARIBOU; BOREAL PEATLANDS; DOMINATED SYSTEMS; HABITAT SELECTION; PERMAFROST; ABUNDANCE; FIRE; LANDSCAPE; REINDEER; COMMUNITIESErrington, RC; Macdonald, SE; Melnycky, NA; Bhatti, JSErrington, Ruth Catherine; Macdonald, S. Ellen; Melnycky, Natalka A.; Bhatti, Jagtar S.EnglishClimate warming in the North could lead to lichen decline within critical woodland caribou habitat. We used repeat measurements of sixty-nine plots over ten years (2007-2008 and 2017-2018) to assess lichen biomass changes under a warming climate along a latitudinal/climatic gradient in northwestern Canada. We compared lichen biomass on sensitive landscape features, including peat plateaux (permafrost-containing bogs), areas of permafrost thaw within the peat plateaux (collapse scars), and low-productivity upland forests occurring on mineral soils. Field-based measures of lichen cover and height were coupled with samples of lichen biomass to develop biomass prediction equations. The optimal model incorporated both cover and height, with landscape feature as a covariate. Although height significantly improved the equation fit, models were successfully developed with cover alone. Modeled lichen biomass differed significantly between landscape features, declining from peat plateau (502 g m(-2)) to upland forest (54.0 g m(-2)) and collapse scar (0.690 g m(-2)) environments. In the absence of permafrost collapse at any monitoring location, lichen biomass declined significantly over the ten years for peat plateaux (-75.6 g m(-2)) and upland forests (-17.5 g m(-2)). These results will be important for quantifying landscape-level lichen biomass changes under climate warming in boreal and subarctic environments.[Errington, Ruth Catherine; Melnycky, Natalka A.; Bhatti, Jagtar S.] Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Errington, Ruth Catherine; Macdonald, S. Ellen] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Melnycky, Natalka A.] Govt Alberta, Environm & Pk, Peace River, AB, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of AlbertaErrington, RC (corresponding author), Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, 5320 122 St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada.ruthe@ualberta.caMacdonald, Ellen/0000-0003-1750-1779Government of Canada Program for International Polar Year; Canadian Forest Service; Government of the Northwest Territories, Forest Management Division; Alberta Graduate Excellence Scholarship; University of Alberta Doctoral Recruitment ScholarshipGovernment of Canada Program for International Polar Year; Canadian Forest Service(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); Government of the Northwest Territories, Forest Management Division; Alberta Graduate Excellence Scholarship; University of Alberta Doctoral Recruitment ScholarshipThis project was made possible with the generous support of the Government of Canada Program for International Polar Year, the Canadian Forest Service, and the Government of the Northwest Territories, Forest Management Division. An Alberta Graduate Excellence Scholarship, a University of Alberta Doctoral Recruitment Scholarship, and a Government of Canada stipend were also instrumental in supporting Ruth Errington to complete this work.10200<180 Day Usage Count>1215TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.DEC 312022541221238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.2082263http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2022.208226318Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography2R8HMgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0008213468000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100787
Estimation of aboveground biomass, stand density, and biomass growth per year in the past using stand reconstruction technique in black spruce and Scotch pine in boreal forest
ArticlePOLAR SCIENCEAboveground biomass; Stand growth; Tree-ring; Distribution function; Growth patternsSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; CARBON SINK; CHRONOSEQUENCE; TRENDS; SERIESKamara, M; Said, SMKamara, Mouctar; Said, Said MohamedEnglishGrowth development histories and stands structures of Picea mariana in Inuvik (Canadian Northwest Territories), and Pinus sylvetstris in Va center dot rrio center dot (Finnish Lapland) forests were reconstructed using the stand reconstruction algo-rithm. Informations of present forest variables i.e., stem diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), and detailed tree-ring data obtained from selected sampled trees were used. Development of forests structure in the past, and their annual changes were reconstructed (i.e., aboveground biomass, annual biomass growth, and stand density). Reconstructed aboveground biomass showed that the beta-type distribution function of individual tree size in the forests has been maintained throughout the years in the past. Several fluctuations in biomass growth over time were also observed. Reconstruction showed that stand density generally decreased overtime in P. sylvestris, which is a typical pattern for overcrowded population, but keeps increasing in P. mariana. Long-term reconstruction of stand structure can provide important baseline information for forest ecology and any man-agement or restoration activities in the point of view of climate change. However, estimation of stand density and biomass growth can be improved by a careful selection of sample trees for stem analysis, but also by collecting growth information of dead wood materials.[Kamara, Mouctar] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake Cho,Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; [Kamara, Mouctar] Forest Nat & Soc Int Management FNS MI, AgroParisTech, 648 Rue Jean Francois Breton,BP 44494, Montpellier, France; [Said, Said Mohamed] AZAPA Co Ltd, Oota Ku,Nakarokugo 4-10-15, Tokyo, JapanKyoto University; AgroParisTechKamara, M (corresponding author), Forest Nat & Soc Int Management FNS MI, AgroParisTech, 648 Rue Jean Francois Breton,BP 44494, Montpellier, France.kamaramouctar@gmail.comInuvik Research Center and South Slave Research Center, Aurora Research Institute, Government of Northwest Territories; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [26257407]Inuvik Research Center and South Slave Research Center, Aurora Research Institute, Government of Northwest Territories; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)We also acknowledge various help from Inuvik Research Center and South Slave Research Center, Aurora Research Institute, Government of Northwest Territories. Dr. Juka Pumpanen University of Eastern Finland, Dr. Fousseni Folega Universite de Lome. Many thanks go also to the anonymous reviewers who helped to considerably improve this manuscript. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 26257407) to Akira Osawa.4811<180 Day Usage Count>1313ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS1873-96521876-4428POLAR SCIPolar Sci.SEP202233
100787
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100787http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.1007872022-09-01 00:00:0011Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology4X6PQ2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0008609624000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveYellowknifeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102036
Eutrophication and climatic changes lead to unprecedented cyanobacterial blooms in a Canadian sub-Arctic landscape
ArticleHARMFUL ALGAEPaleolimnology; Nuisance blooms; Multiple stressors; Yellowknife; Northwest TerritoriesPLANKTOTHRIX-RUBESCENS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; TRACKING EUTROPHICATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLADOCERAN SUBFOSSILS; ILLUSTRATED GUIDE; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; MERETTA LAKE; ONTARIO; CONTAMINATIONSivarajah, B; Simmatis, B; Favot, EJ; Palmer, MJ; Smol, JPSivarajah, Branaavan; Simmatis, Brigitte; Favot, Elizabeth J.; Palmer, Michael J.; Smol, John P.EnglishCyanobacterial blooms have been increasing in frequency and intensity but are often considered an issue restricted to temperate and tropical lakes. Here we report on one of the first occurrences of recurring cyanobacterial (Planktothrix spp.) blooms in a sub-Arctic lake from Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada) and provide a long-term environmental context for the recent blooms using local meteorological data and multi-proxy paleolimnological analyses. Multiple co-occurring regional (gold mining emissions and climatic change) and local (land clearance and urbanization) stressors have impacted Jackfish Lake during the 20th and early-21st centuries, which have led to biological responses across multiple trophic levels. The unprecedented post-2013 cyanobacterial blooms were likely a cumulative response to nutrient enrichment and complex climate-mediated changes to lake thermal properties. A regional analysis of eight lakes around Yellowknife revealed that reduced ice cover duration and longer growing seasons have led to an increase in whole-lake primary production, whilst urban lakes were also fertilized by nutrients from local land-use changes in their catchments. Our findings suggest that anthropogenically nutrient-enriched sub-Arctic lakes, akin to their lower-latitude counterparts, may be vulnerable to cyanobacterial blooms in a warming world.[Sivarajah, Branaavan; Simmatis, Brigitte; Favot, Elizabeth J.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Palmer, Michael J.] Aurora Coll, North Slave Res Ctr, Aurora Res Inst, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2R3, CanadaQueens University - CanadaSivarajah, B (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.branaavan.sivarajah@queensu.caSivarajah, Branaavan/0000-0002-3739-4299; Simmatis, Brigitte/0000-0003-2078-1724; Palmer, Michael/0000-0002-3180-7224Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research -Doctoral; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research -Doctoral; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training ProgramFunding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants Program (John Smol), Northern Supplements (John Smol), and Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship (Branaavan Sivarajah); W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research -Doctoral (Branaavan Sivarajah), Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training Program (Branaavan Sivarajah).9477<180 Day Usage Count>333ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS1568-98831878-1470HARMFUL ALGAEHarmful AlgaeMAY2021105
102036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102036http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.1020362021-06-01 00:00:0010Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater BiologySV4LX343035132023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006637932000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTibbett to Contwoyto Winter RoadNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102930
Evaluation of threshold freezing conditions for winter road construction over discontinuous permafrost peatlands, subarctic Canada
ArticleCOLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYWinter roads; Permafrost; Freezing index; Guidelines; OverflowCLIMATE-CHANGE; BASIN; AIRSladen, WE; Wolfe, SA; Morse, PDSladen, W. E.; Wolfe, S. A.; Morse, P. D.EnglishWinter roads provide an important transportation service in northern regions. The Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (TCWR), traversing subarctic Canada, is the busiest heavy-haul road in the world with as many as 10,900 truckloads per season. In addition to lake-ice thickness, trafficability on the TCWR depends upon adequate freezeback of overland portages, which are primarily peatlands underlain by discontinuous permafrost. We investigate threshold requirements for the initiation of winter road operations in this region and assess the use of a recommended 305 degrees C-day air-freezing index (FDD305a) value as an operational predictor of ground freezing at 30 cm depth, the desired depth to allow winter road construction to commence. Snow compaction and flooding were found to enhance freezeback of portages with early winter overland flow having a similar effect. The majority of winter road portages were not adequately frozen to a depth of 30 cm by FDD305a. Our results indicate that for drained and wet peatlands in this discontinuous permafrost environment, an FDD a threshold of 1100 degrees Cdays is more appropriate than the 305 degrees C-day threshold. However, TCWR winter road operators presently plan the construction of the winter road by a calendar date rather than by evaluation of the air-freezing index. This practice results in a conservative approach to the start of the construction season, close to 1100 degrees C-days with a higher percentage of sites frozen to 30 cm depth than would be if the 305 degrees C-day air-freezing index was used as a guideline. In addition, the use of low-pressure vehicles for snow compaction during the start of the construction season is an effective adaptation practice to accelerate freezing penetration.[Sladen, W. E.; Wolfe, S. A.; Morse, P. D.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaSladen, WE (corresponding author), Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.wendy.sladen@canada.caNatural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience Program; Natural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Polar Continental Shelf ProgramNatural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience Program(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Polar Continental Shelf ProgramSupport for this research was provided by Natural Resources Canada's (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience Program and Polar Continental Shelf Program. In-kind support was provided by Diavik Diamond Mines Inc. (DDM), Nuna Logistics Ltd. (NL), Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), Northwest Territories Water Resources (NTWR), Northwest Territories Geological Survey (NTGS), and Tetra Tech Inc. (TT). In particular, the authors thank Ron Near (DDM), Tim Tatrie (NL), Clint Ambrose (INAC), Nahum Lee (INAC), Shawne Kokelj (NTWR), Steve Kokelj (NTGS), and Rick Hoos (TT) for their help. The authors also thank Nicole Couture and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. This is NRCan contribution number 20180329.3677<180 Day Usage Count>321ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0165-232X1872-7441COLD REG SCI TECHNOLCold Reg. Sci. Tech.FEB2020170
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102930http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.10293011Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; GeologyKB7JE2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005066660000240 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTibbett to Contwoyto Winter RoadNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0168.1
Examining the Viability of the World's Busiest Winter Road to Climate Change Using a Process-Based Lake Model
ArticleBULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETYNorth America; Climate change; Ice thickness; Climate prediction; Climate models; Societal impactsARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; TEMPERATURE-CHANGE; ICE PHENOLOGY; TRENDS; TELECONNECTIONS; CALIBRATION; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; REGION; FIELDMullan, DJ; Barr, ID; Flood, RP; Galloway, JM; Newton, AMW; Swindles, GTMullan, D. J.; Barr, I. D.; Flood, R. P.; Galloway, J. M.; Newton, A. M. W.; Swindles, G. T.EnglishWinter roads play a vital role in linking communities and building economies in the northern high latitudes. With these regions warming 2-3 times faster than the global average, climate change threatens the long-term viability of these important seasonal transport routes. We examine how climate change will impact the world's busiest heavy-haul winter road-the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (TCWR) in northern Canada. The FLake freshwater lake model is used to project ice thickness for a lake at the start of the TCWR-first using observational climate data, and second using modeled future climate scenarios corresponding to varying rates of warming ranging from 1.5 degrees to 4 degrees C above preindustrial temperatures. Our results suggest that 2 degrees C warming could be a tipping point for the viability of the TCWR, requiring at best costly adaptation and at worst alternative forms of transportation. Containing warming to the more ambitious temperature target of 1.5 degrees C pledged at the 2016 Paris Agreement may be the only way to keep the TCWR viable-albeit with a shortened annual operational season relative to present. More widely, we show that higher regional winter warming across much of the rest of Arctic North America threatens the long-term viability of winter roads at a continental scale. This underlines the importance of continued global efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions to avoid many long-term and irreversible impacts of climate change.[Mullan, D. J.; Flood, R. P.; Newton, A. M. W.; Swindles, G. T.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Geog, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Barr, I. D.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Galloway, J. M.] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Swindles, G. T.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Swindles, G. T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, CanadaQueens University Belfast; Manchester Metropolitan University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton UniversityMullan, DJ (corresponding author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Geog, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland.d.mullan@qub.ac.uk; Barr, Iestyn/L-2596-2013Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Mullan, Donal/0000-0002-6363-3150; Barr, Iestyn/0000-0002-9066-87386533<180 Day Usage Count>513AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693, UNITED STATES0003-00071520-0477B AM METEOROL SOCBull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.JUL20211027E1464E1480
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0168.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0168.117Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesTY6MRGreen Accepted, Bronze, Green Published2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006838970000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00152
Experimental Evidence That Permafrost Thaw History and Mineral Composition Shape Abiotic Carbon Cycling in Thermokarst-Affected Stream Networks
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEcarbonate; sulfide; carbon dioxide; thermokarst; retrogressive thaw slumpPEEL PLATEAU; SULFIDE OXIDATION; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUND ICE; LANDSCAPE; SLUMPS; YUKON; CO2; NWTZolkos, S; Tank, SEZolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.EnglishMounting evidence suggests that biogeochemical processing of permafrost substrate will amplify dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC = Sigma[CO2,HCO3-,CO32-]) production within Arctic freshwaters. The effects of permafrost thaw on DIC may be particularly strong where terrain subsidence following thaw (thermokarst) releases large amounts of sediment into fluvial networks. The mineral composition and chemical weathering of these sediments has critical yet untested implications for the degree to which streams represent a source of CO2 to the atmosphere vs. a source of bicarbonate to downstream environments. Here, we experimentally determine the effects of mineral weathering on fluvial CO2 by incubating sediments collected from three retrogressive thaw slump features on the Peel Plateau (NWT, Canada). Prehistoric warming and contemporary thermokarst have exposed sediments on the Peel Plateau to varying degrees of thaw and chemical weathering, allowing us to test the role of permafrost and substrate mineral composition on CO2:HCO3- balance. We found that recently-thawed sediments (within years to decades) and previously un-thawed tills from deeper permafrost generated substantial amounts of solutes and DIC. These solutes and the mineralogy of sediments suggested that carbonate weathering coupled with sulfide oxidation was a net source of abiotic CO2. Yet, on average, more than 30% of this CO2 was converted to bicarbonate via carbonate buffering reactions. In contrast, the mineralogy and geochemical trends associated with sediments from the modern and paleo-active layer, which were exposed to thaw over longer timescales than deeper permafrost sediments, more strongly reflected silicate weathering. In treatments with sediment from the modern and paleo-active layer, minor carbonate and sulfide weathering resulted in some DIC and net CO2 production. This CO2 was not measurably diminished by carbonate buffering. Together, these trends suggest that prior exposure to thaw and weathering on the Peel Plateau reduced carbonate and sulfide in upper soil layers. We conclude that thermokarst unearthing deeper tills on the Peel Plateau will amplify regional inorganic carbon cycling for decades to centuries. However, CO2 consumption via carbonate buffering may partly counterbalance CO2 production and release to the atmosphere. Regional variability in the mineral composition of permafrost, thaw history, and thermokarst intensity are among the primary controls on mineral weathering within permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USAUniversity of Alberta; Woods Hole Research CenterZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.;Zolkos, S (corresponding author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.sgzolkos@gmail.comTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577CAIPCAIPWe thank Rosemin Nathoo, Christine Firth, Abraham Snowshoe, Keith Collins, Sarah Shakil, Erin MacDonald, Dr. Lisa Broder, and Kirsi Keskitalo for assistance in the field, and Yomna Elshamy for assistance in the laboratory. We thank Dr. Steve Kokelj and Dr. David Olefeldt for helpful comments on a draft of the manuscript. CAIP funding awarded to Dr. David Olefeldt supported the analyses of CO<INF>2</INF> stable isotopes. Data are provided within the manuscript and with the online version of the manuscript.831010<180 Day Usage Count>211FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.MAY 2120208
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00152http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.0015217Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyLW9MMgold2023-03-11WOS:0005394657000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveYellowknifeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279412
Experimental investigation of short-term warming on arsenic flux from contaminated sediments of two well-oxygenated subarctic lakes
ArticlePLOS ONEGOLD ORE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; GIANT MINE; MOBILITY; YELLOWKNIFE; SPECIATION; LEGACY; WATERAstles, BC; Chetelat, J; Palmer, MJ; Vermaire, JCAstles, Brittany C.; Chetelat, John; Palmer, Michael J.; Vermaire, Jesse C.EnglishLegacy arsenic (As) contamination from past mining operations remains an environmental concern in lakes of the Yellowknife area (Northwest Territories, Canada) due to its post-depositional mobility in sediment and potential for continued remobilization to surface waters. Warmer temperatures associated with climate change in this subarctic region may impact As internal loading from lake sediments either by a direct effect on sediment porewater diffusion rate or indirect effects on microbial metabolism and sediment redox conditions. This study assessed the influence of warmer temperatures on As diffusion from contaminated sediment of two lakes with contrasting sediment characteristics using an experimental incubation approach. Sediments from Yellowknife Bay (on Great Slave Lake) contained predominately clay and silt with low organic matter (10%) and high As content (1675 mu g/g) while sediments of Lower Martin Lake had high organic matter content (similar to 70%) and approximately half the As (822 mu g/g). Duplicate sediment batches from each lake were incubated in a temperature-controlled chamber, and overlying water was kept well-oxygenated while As flux from sediment was measured during four weekly temperature treatments (7 degrees C to 21 degrees C, at similar to 5 degrees C intervals). During the experiment, As diffused from sediment to overlying water in all cores and temperature treatments, with As fluxes ranging from 48-956 mu g/m(2)/day. Arsenic fluxes were greater from Yellowknife Bay sediments, which had higher solid-phase As concentrations, compared to those of Lower Martin Lake. Short-term warming did not stimulate As flux from duplicate cores of either sediment type, in contrast with reported temperature enhancement in other published studies. We conclude that warmer temperatures were insufficient to strongly enhance sediment As diffusion into overlying oxic waters. These observations are relevant for evaluating climate-warming effects on sediment As mobility in subarctic lakes with little or no thermal stratification and a well-oxygenated water column.[Astles, Brittany C.; Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Chetelat, John] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Palmer, Michael J.] Aurora Res Inst, North Slave Res Ctr, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaCarleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - CanadaChetelat, J (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada.john.chetelat@ec.gc.caChetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [06159-2016]; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [161]; Environment and Climate Change CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Environment and Climate Change CanadaThis research was supported by funding to JC from a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (06159-2016), the Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (project 161), and Environment and Climate Change Canada. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.3800<180 Day Usage Count>11PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCESAN FRANCISCO1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA1932-6203PLOS ONEPLoS OneDEC 2120221712
e0279412
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279412http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.027941219Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics8N5LX36542618gold2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0009251912000450 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBanks IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09314-7
Extremes of summer climate trigger thousands of thermokarst landslides in a High Arctic environment
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; LAYER DETACHMENT FAILURES; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; BANKS-ISLAND; GROUND-ICE; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; YUKON-TERRITORY; HERSCHEL ISLAND; PERMAFROSTLewkowicz, AG; Way, RGLewkowicz, Antoni G.; Way, Robert G.EnglishRetrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) - landslides caused by the melt of ground ice in permafrost - have become more common in the Arctic, but the timing of this recent increase and its links to climate have not been fully established. Here we annually resolve RTS formation and longevity for Banks Island, Canada (70,000 km(2)) using the Google Earth Engine Timelapse dataset. We describe a 60-fold increase in numbers between 1984 and 2015 as more than 4000 RTS were initiated, primarily following four particularly warm summers. Colour change due to increased turbidity occurred in 288 lakes affected by RTS outflows and sediment accumulated in many valley floors. Modelled RTS initiation rates increased by an order of magnitude between 1906-1985 and 2006-2015, and are projected under RCP4.5 to rise to >10,000 decade(-1) after 2075. These results provide additional evidence that ice-rich continuous permafrost terrain can be highly vulnerable to changing summer climate.[Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Way, Robert G.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Queens University - CanadaLewkowicz, AG (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.alewkowi@uottawa.caLewkowicz, Antoni/0000-0002-9307-2147Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of OttawaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); University of OttawaThe research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the University of Ottawa. We thank the students enroled in the GEG 4101 Permafrost Environments class at the University of Ottawa in the winter 2017 semester who carried out an initial review of all of Banks Island using the Timelapse dataset. H. Ackerman, B. Smeda and K. McDonald undertook additional work as research assistants.54150153<180 Day Usage Count>26101NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.APR 2201910
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09314-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09314-711Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsHR2RO30940802gold, Green Accepted, Green PublishedYN2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004629847000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveResearch plots on Tlicho lands and to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05211
Fire characteristics and environmental conditions shape plant communities via regeneration strategy
ArticleECOGRAPHYplant functional traits; RLQ and fourth corner analysis; soil drainage; taiga plains; taiga shield; vegetation changeSOUTHERN BOREAL FOREST; TREE RECRUITMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE; VEGETATION; SEVERITY; PERSISTENCE; UNDERSTORY; 4TH-CORNER; RESILIENCEDay, NJ; White, AL; Johnstone, JF; Degre-Timmons, GE; Cumming, SG; Mack, MC; Turetsky, MR; Walker, XJ; Baltzer, JLDay, Nicola J.; White, Alison L.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; Cumming, Steven G.; Mack, Michelle C.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishClimate change is altering disturbance regimes outside historical norms, which can impact biodiversity by selecting for plants with particular traits. The relative impact of disturbance characteristics on plant traits and community structure may be mediated by environmental gradients. We aimed to understand how wildfire impacted understory plant communities and plant regeneration strategies along gradients of environmental conditions and wildfire characteristics in boreal forests. We established 207 plots (60 m(2)) in recently burned stands and 133 plots in mature stands with no recent fire history in comparable gradients of stand type, site moisture (drainage) and soil organic layer (SOL) depth in two ecozones in Canada's Northwest Territories. At each plot, we recorded all vascular plant taxa in the understory and measured the regeneration strategy (seeder, resprouter, survivor) in burned plots, along with seedbed conditions (mineral soil and bryophyte cover). Dispersal, longevity and growth form traits were determined for each taxon. Fire characteristics measured included proportion of pre-fire SOL combusted (fire severity), date of burn (fire seasonality) and pre-fire stand age (time following fire). Results showed understory community composition was altered by fire. However, burned and mature stands had similar plant communities in wet sites with deep SOL. In the burned plots, regeneration strategies were determined by fire severity, drainage and pre- and post-fire SOL depth. Resprouters were more common in wet sites with deeper SOL and lower fire severity, while seeders were associated with drier sites with thinner SOL and greater fire severity. This led to drier burned stands being compositionally different from their mature counterparts and seedbed conditions were important. Our study highlights the importance of environment-wildfire interactions in shaping plant regeneration strategies and patterns of understory plant community structure across landscapes, and the overriding importance of SOL depth and site drainage in mediating fire severity, plant regeneration and community structure.[Day, Nicola J.; White, Alison L.; Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Auckland, New Zealand; [White, Alison L.] Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AL USA; [Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; Cumming, Steven G.] Laval Univ, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USAWilfrid Laurier University; Auckland University of Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Laval University; Northern Arizona University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderDay, NJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada.njday.ac@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Walker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Degre-Timmons, Genevieve/0000-0002-1121-4659; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Dept of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC: Changing Cold Regions Network); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC; CFREF Global Water Futures funding for Northern Water Futures; National Science Foundation DEB RAPID [1542150]; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant [Mack-01]; NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship; Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand; GNWT Aurora Research Inst. [15879]; Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation; Tli.cho Government; Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources BoardGovernment of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Dept of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC: Changing Cold Regions Network)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); CFREF Global Water Futures funding for Northern Water Futures; National Science Foundation DEB RAPID; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant; NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand; GNWT Aurora Research Inst.; Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation; Tli.cho Government; Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources BoardThis article is part of Project 170 of the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Dept of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (awarded to JLB, JFJ and SGC). Additional funding was provided by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC: Changing Cold Regions Network), Northern Scientific Training Program, NSERC Discovery to MRT and JFJ, CFREF Global Water Futures funding for Northern Water Futures to JLB, a National Science Foundation DEB RAPID (grant #1542150), and NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant (grant #Mack-01) to MCM. NJD was supported by an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship and Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand. In kind support was provided by the Bonanza Creek LTER program. We thank the GNWT Aurora Research Inst. (Research License 15879), the Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation, the Tli.cho Government and the Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources Board for their support of this research. The Wilfrid Laurier University -GNWT Partnership Agreement was instrumental in providing logistical support and laboratory space.651414<180 Day Usage Count>435WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0906-75901600-0587ECOGRAPHYEcographyOCT2020431014641474
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05211http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05211JUL 202011Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyNU9GPGreen Published, gold2023-03-05WOS:0005525110000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuDelineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197888
Fishing Livelihoods in the Mackenzie River Basin: Stories of the Deline Got'ine
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYfishing livelihoods; subsistence fishing; Great Bear Lake; climate change; traditional knowledge; oral histories; Canadian subarctic; Mackenzie River Basin; D&#233; li&#808; ne; Saht&#250; Got&#8217; ineTRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; FRESH-WATER FISHES; GREAT BEAR LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; IMPACTSMartin, C; Parlee, B; Neyelle, MMartin, Chelsea; Parlee, Brenda; Neyelle, MorrisEnglishClimate change is among the greatest challenges facing Indigenous peoples. The impacts of climate change cannot be understood as only ecological or through models and projections. In this study, narratives from Indigenous peoples provide lived experience and insight of how social and ecological impacts are interconnected. Through collaborative research with the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board in the Northwest Territories Canada in the period 2018-2019, this paper shares the stories of the Deline Got'ine peoples of Great Bear Lake (GBL), and how warming temperatures in the region impact fishing livelihoods. Specifically, we address the question, What are the impacts of climate change on the fishing livelihoods of the Deline Got'ine people? Narratives from 21 semi-structured interviews reveal insights on six dimensions of fishing livelihoods. Analysis suggests the specific indicators of ecological change of concern to fishers and how those impact livelihoods over the short and long term. Given that the majority of research on climate change involving Indigenous peoples in Canada has focused on the high arctic and marine environments, this work is unique in its focus on the subarctic region and on freshwater ecosystems and livelihoods.[Martin, Chelsea; Parlee, Brenda] Univ Alberta, Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [Neyelle, Morris] Deline Gotine Govt, Deline, NT X0E 0G0, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaMartin, C (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.clmartin@ualberta.ca; bparlee@ualberta.ca; neyelle_morris@hotmail.comParlee, Brenda/0000-0003-2545-4706; martin, chelsea/0000-0003-1691-5603Northern Scientific Training Program and Social Sciences and Humanities Research CouncilNorthern Scientific Training Program and Social Sciences and Humanities Research CouncilThis research was funded by Northern Scientific Training Program and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.5833<180 Day Usage Count>212MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityOCT20201219
7888
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197888http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1219788818Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyOO2JQGreen Published, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005872109000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116306
Fluxes of dissolved organic matter and nitrate and their contribution to soil acidification across changing permafrost landscapes in northwestern Canada
ArticleGEODERMAAcid neutralizing capacity; Active layer; Cryosol; Dissolved organic matter; Soil organic matterPARTIALLY INTERLAYERED VERMICULITES; PROTON SOURCES; CARBONFujii, K; Hayakawa, CFujii, Kazumichi; Hayakawa, ChieEnglishClimate warming is predicted to change the fluxes of dissolved organic matter and nitrate by increasing active layer thickness, plant productivity, and organic matter decomposition. These changes are hypothesized to in-crease mineral weathering and soil acidification rates. We investigated whether acidification rates and solute leaching fluxes are variable between permafrost-affected soils with different active layer thicknesses. We compared the fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved N and the ion fluxes associated with solute leaching and plant uptake to calculate proton budgets in the soils that differed in slope positions (upper slope and lower slope) and soil texture (clayey and sandy soils) in NW Canada. We found the wide variation in DOC and nitrate-N fluxes, depending on slope positions and soil texture. The nitrate-N fluxes were higher at the lower slope position of the sandy soil, compared to the upper slope position. Compared to sandy soils, the DOC fluxes from the organic horizons were higher in the clayey soils on shallower permafrost table. Organic acids were major proton sources in the organic horizons at all sites, but acidity was also contributed by nitrate (sandy and clayey soils at lower slope position) and carbonic acid (clayey soil at upper slope position). The weathering by carbonic acid lead to accumulation of short-range-order minerals in the clayey soils, while incipient podzolization of the sandy soils included the weathering of illite to vermiculite and the dissolution of short-range-order minerals. The shallower active layer thickness at the lower slope position resulted in lower plant productivity and acidification rates. In the permafrost-affected soils, the active layer thickness, the DOC and nitrate-N fluxes, and their contribution to acidification are dependent on the local variation in slope position and soil texture, as well as climate change.[Fujii, Kazumichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tsukuba 3058687, Japan; [Hayakawa, Chie] Utsunomiya Univ, Fac Agr, Utsunomiya 3218505, Japan; [Fujii, Kazumichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, JapanForestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Utsunomiya University; Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute - JapanFujii, K (corresponding author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan.fjkazumichi@gmail.comGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20351100]; JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Sci-ence and Technology (FOREST); [17K15292]Green Network of Excellence (GRENE); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Sci-ence and Technology (FOREST); We acknowledge the government of the Northwest Territories for licensing our research (No. 16174) . This work was financially supported by the Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate ChangeProject and a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant (No. 17K15292) and JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Science and Technology (FOREST) Grant No. 20351100. We are grateful to Dr. Darwin Anderson for providing valuable advice and analytical support and to Dr. Yojiro Matsuura and the late Akira Osawa for assistance with the field survey.4600<180 Day Usage Count>55ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0016-70611872-6259GEODERMAGeodermaFEB2023430
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116306http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.1163062022-12-01 00:00:0013Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Agriculture8K5VU2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0009231699000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaAlong the Dempster Highway near TsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00560-x
Forest fires in Canadian permafrost region: the combined effects of fire and permafrost dynamics on soil organic matter quality
ArticleBIOGEOCHEMISTRYChemical fractionation; Microbial biomass; WildfireNATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MINERAL SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; C-13; NORTHERN; CLIMATEAaltonen, H; Koster, K; Koster, E; Berninger, F; Zhou, X; Karhu, K; Biasi, C; Bruckman, V; Palviainen, M; Pumpanen, JAaltonen, Heidi; Koster, Kajar; Koster, Egle; Berninger, Frank; Zhou, Xuan; Karhu, Kristiina; Biasi, Christina; Bruckman, Viktor; Palviainen, Marjo; Pumpanen, JukkaEnglishWildfires burn approximately 1% of boreal forest yearly, being one of the most significant factors affecting soil organic matter (SOM) pools. Boreal forests are largely situated in the permafrost zone, which contains half of global soil carbon (C). Wildfires advance thawing of permafrost by burning the insulating organic layer and decreasing surface albedo, thus increasing soil temperatures. Fires also affect SOM quality through chemical and physical changes, such as the formation of resistant C compounds. The long-term post-fire effects on SOM quality, degradability and isotopic composition are not well known in permafrost forests. We studied the effect of forest fires on the proportional sizes of SOM pools with chemical fractionation (extracting with water, ethanol and acid) of soil samples (5, 30 and 50cm depths) collected from a fire chronosequence in the upland mineral soils of the Canadian permafrost zone. We also determined the C-13 and N-15 isotopic composition of soil after fire. In the topsoil horizon (5cm) recent fire areas contained a smaller fraction of labile SOM and were slightly more enriched with N-15 and C-13 than older fire areas. The SOM fraction ratios reverted towards pre-fire status with succession. Changes in SOM were less apparent deeper in the soil. Best predictors for the size of recalcitrant SOM fraction were active layer depth, vegetation biomass and soil C/N ratio, whereas microbial biomass was best predicted by the size of the recalcitrant SOM fraction. Results indicated that SOM in upland mineral soils at the permafrost surface could be mainly recalcitrant and its decomposition not particularly sensitive to changes resulting from fire.[Aaltonen, Heidi; Koster, Kajar; Koster, Egle; Zhou, Xuan; Karhu, Kristiina; Palviainen, Marjo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27,Latokartanonkaari 7, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Berninger, Frank] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, PL 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland; [Biasi, Christina; Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, PL 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland; [Bruckman, Viktor] Austrian Acad Sci OAW, Commiss Interdisciplinary Ecol Studies, Dr Ignaz Seipel Pl 2, A-1010 Vienna, AustriaUniversity of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; University of Eastern Finland; Austrian Academy of SciencesAaltonen, H (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27,Latokartanonkaari 7, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.heidi.m.aaltonen@helsinki.fiBruckman, Viktor J./AAD-1640-2019; Biasi, Christina/E-1130-2013; Köster, Kajar/C-8397-2012; Köster, Egle/AAH-8618-2021Bruckman, Viktor J./0000-0001-6551-916X; Biasi, Christina/0000-0002-7413-3354; Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; , Xuan/0000-0002-3602-5870; Aaltonen, Heidi/0000-0002-5194-834X; Palviainen, Marjo/0000-0001-9963-4748University of Helsinki; Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 291691]; BIOCHAR-project - Finnish Foundation for Natural Resources (Suomen Luonnonvarain tutkimussaatio); Helsinki University Central Hospital; Academy of Finland (AKA) [291691, 286685, 294600] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)University of Helsinki; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); BIOCHAR-project - Finnish Foundation for Natural Resources (Suomen Luonnonvarain tutkimussaatio); Helsinki University Central Hospital; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))Open access funding provided by University of Helsinki including Helsinki University Central Hospital. We sincerely thank Anu Riikonen for valuable assistance with the soil fractionation and Jenie Gil Lugo for conducting the isotope analyses. Financial support was provided by Academy of Finland (Projects Nos. 286685, 294600, 307222, 291691) and the BIOCHAR-project funded by the Finnish Foundation for Natural Resources (Suomen Luonnonvarain tutkimussaatio).1221818<180 Day Usage Count>855SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0168-25631573-515XBIOGEOCHEMISTRYBiogeochemistryMAR20191432257274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00560-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00560-x18Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyHS1RXhybrid, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004636408000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac41fb
Geomorphological patterns of remotely sensed methane hot spots in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSmethane; Arctic; Mackenzie DeltaIMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; EMISSIONS; PERMAFROST; WETLAND; NORTHERN; RETRIEVALS; RESOLUTION; RELEASEBaskaran, L; Elder, C; Bloom, AA; Ma, S; Thompson, D; Miller, CEBaskaran, Latha; Elder, Clayton; Bloom, A. Anthony; Ma, Shuang; Thompson, David; Miller, Charles E.EnglishWe studied geomorphological controls on methane (CH4) hotspots in the Mackenzie Delta region in northern Canada using airborne imaging spectroscopy collected as part of the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. Methane emissions hotspots were retrieved at similar to 25 m(2) spatial resolution from a similar to 10 000 km(2) NASA's Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer survey of the Mackenzie Delta acquired 31 July-3 August 2017. Separating the region into the permafrost plateau and the lowland delta, we refined the domain wide power law of CH4 enhancements detected as a function of distance to standing water in different ecoregions. We further studied the spatial decay of the distance to water relationship as a function of land cover across the Delta. We show that geomorphology exerts a strong control on the spatial patterns of emissions at regional to sub-regional scales: compared to methane hotspots detected in the upland, we find that methane hotspots detected in the lowland have a more gradual power law curve indicating a weaker spatial decay with respect to distance from water. Spatial decay of CH4 hotspots in uplands is more than 2.5 times stronger than in lowlands, which is due to differences in topography and geomorphological influence on hydrology. We demonstrate that while the observed spatial distributions of CH4 follow expected trends in lowlands and uplands, these quantitatively complement knowledge from conventional wetland and freshwater CH4 mapping and modeling.[Baskaran, Latha; Elder, Clayton; Bloom, A. Anthony; Ma, Shuang; Thompson, David; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USACalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)Baskaran, L (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.latha.Baskaran@jpl.nasa.govBloom, A Anthony/G-8072-2017; Thompson, David/C-3520-2008; Baskaran, Latha/D-9754-2016Thompson, David R./0000-0003-1100-7550; Ma, Shuang/0000-0002-6494-724X; Baskaran, Latha/0000-0001-8487-3914NASA Postdoctoral Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NM0018D0004]NASA Postdoctoral Program(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))We thank Larry Smith, David Butman, Tamlin Pavelsky, and Ethan Kyzivat for helpful discussions on geomorphology and variable contributing area. We thank Michael Eastwood, John Chapman, Ryan Pavlick, Winston Olsen-Duvall, and the rest of the AVIRIS-NG technical support and flight crew for data acquisitions and processing. The research presented here was conducted as part of NASA's Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). C D Elder thanks the NASA Postdoctoral Program for support. This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004).; (c) 2021, California Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Government funding acknowledged.5811<180 Day Usage Count>11IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.JAN 12022171
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac41fbhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac41fb15Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesYG4KUgold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007424605000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoKakisaYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042415
Grassroots and Global Governance: Can Global-Local Linkages Foster Food System Resilience for Small Northern Canadian Communities?
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYglobal governance; food systems; climate change; adaptation; knowledge sharing; community-needs approach; Indigenous; northern CanadaCLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; SECURITY; VULNERABILITY; SOVEREIGNTY; SUSTAINABILITY; ADAPTATION; KNOWLEDGE; RESPONSES; POLITICSJohnston, C; Spring, AJohnston, Carla; Spring, AndrewEnglishCommunities in Canada's Northwest Territories (NWT) are at the forefront of the global climate emergency. Yet, they are not passive victims; local-level programs are being implemented across the region to maintain livelihoods and promote adaptation. At the same time, there is a recent call within global governance literature to pay attention to how global policy is implemented and affecting people on the ground. Thinking about these two processes, we ask the question: (how) can global governance assist northern Indigenous communities in Canada in reaching their goals of adapting their food systems to climate change? To answer this question, we argue for a community needs approach when engaging in global governance literature and practice, which puts community priorities and decision-making first. As part of a collaborative research partnership, we highlight the experiences of Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation, located in Kakisa, NWT, Canada. We include their successes of engaging in global network building and the systemic roadblock of lack of formal land tenure. Moreover, we analyze potential opportunities for this community to engage with global governance instruments and continue connecting to global networks that further their goals related to climate change adaptation and food sovereignty.[Johnston, Carla] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Balsillie Sch Int Affairs, Waterloo, ON N2L 6C2, Canada; [Spring, Andrew] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Laurier Ctr Sustainable Food Syst, Waterloo, ON N2L 6C2, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversitySpring, A (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Laurier Ctr Sustainable Food Syst, Waterloo, ON N2L 6C2, Canada.cjohnston@balsillieschool.ca; aspring@wlu.caSpring, Andrew/0000-0001-8524-8926; Johnston, Carla/0000-0003-0509-4889Social Science and Humanities Research Council [895-2015-1016]; Government of Canada's Climate Change Health Adaptation Program and Climate Change Preparedness in the North ProgramSocial Science and Humanities Research Council(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Government of Canada's Climate Change Health Adaptation Program and Climate Change Preparedness in the North ProgramThis research was funded by Social Science and Humanities Research Council (#895-2015-1016) and through the Government of Canada's Climate Change Health Adaptation Program and Climate Change Preparedness in the North Program.11022<180 Day Usage Count>310MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityFEB2021134
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042415http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1304241517Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyQQ8QYgold, Green Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006247853000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveNorth of Lac de GrasNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020
Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleCRYOSPHEREWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; ACTIVE LAYER; THAW SLUMPS; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; HERSCHEL ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHEET; NWTSubedi, R; Kokelj, SV; Gruber, SSubedi, Rupesh; Kokelj, Steven, V; Gruber, StephanEnglishThe central Slave Geological Province is situated 450-650 km from the presumed spreading centre of the Keewatin Dome of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and it differs from the western Canadian Arctic, where recent thaw-induced landscape changes in Laurentide ice-marginal environments are already abundant. Although much of the terrain in the central Slave Geological Province is mapped as predominantly bedrock and ice-poor, glacial deposits of varying thickness occupy significant portions of the landscape in some areas, creating a mosaic of permafrost conditions. Limited evidence of ice-rich ground, a key determinant of thaw-induced landscape change, exists. Carbon and soluble cation contents in permafrost are largely unknown in the area. Twenty-four boreholes with depths up to 10 m were drilled in tundra north of Lac de Gras to address these regional gaps in knowledge and to better inform projections and generalizations at a coarser scale. Excess-ice contents of 20 %-60 %, likely remnant Laurentide basal ice, are found in upland till, suggesting that thaw subsidence of metres to more than 10 m is possible if permafrost were to thaw completely. Beneath organic terrain and in fluvially reworked sediment, aggradational ice is found. The variability in abundance of ground ice poses long-term challenges for engineering, and it makes the area susceptible to thaw-induced landscape change and mobilization of sediment, solutes and carbon several metres deep. The nature and spatial patterns of landscape changes, however, are expected to differ from ice-marginal landscapes of western Arctic Canada, for example, based on greater spatial and stratigraphic heterogeneity. Mean organic-carbon densities in the top 3 m of soil profiles near Lac de Gras are about half of those reported in circumpolar statistics; deeper deposits have densities ranging from 1.3-10.1 kg Cm-3, representing a significant additional carbon pool. The concentration of total soluble cations in mineral soils is lower than at previously studied locations in the western Canadian Arctic. This study can inform permafrost investigations in other parts of the Slave Geological Province, and its data can support scenario simulations of future trajectories of permafrost thaw. Preserved Laurentide basal ice can support new ways of studying processes and phenomena at the base of an ice sheet.[Subedi, Rupesh; Kokelj, Steven, V; Gruber, Stephan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, CanadaCarleton UniversityGruber, S (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.stephan.gruber@carleton.caGruber, Stephan/E-3884-2010Gruber, Stephan/0000-0002-1079-1542Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2015-06456]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-2015-06456).9722<180 Day Usage Count>18COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereDEC 22020141243414364
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4341-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4341-202024Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyPB9ZAGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005966690000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveYellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1437-2020
Ground subsidence and heave over permafrost: hourly time series reveal interannual, seasonal and shorter-term movement caused by freezing, thawing and water movement
ArticleCRYOSPHEREWESTERN-ARCTIC-COAST; STEEP BEDROCK PERMAFROST; FROST-HEAVE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ICE; MOUNTAINS; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY; INUVIK; AREAGruber, SGruber, StephanEnglishHeave and subsidence of the ground surface can offer insight into processes of heat and mass transfer in freezing and thawing soils. Additionally, subsidence is an important metric for monitoring and understanding the transformation of permafrost landscapes under climate change. Corresponding ground observations, however, are sparse and episodic. A simple tilt-arm apparatus with logging inclinometer has been developed to measure heave and subsidence of the ground surface with hourly resolution and millimeter accuracy. This contribution reports data from the first two winters and the first full summer, measured at three sites with contrasting organic and frost-susceptible soils in warm permafrost. The patterns of surface movement differ significantly between sites and from a prediction based on the Stefan equation and observed ground temperature. The data are rich in features of heave and subsidence that are several days to several weeks long and that may help elucidate processes in the ground. For example, late-winter heave followed by thawing and subsidence, as reported in earlier literature and hypothesized to be caused by infiltration and refreezing of water into permeable frozen ground, has been detected. An early-winter peak in heave, followed by brief subsidence, is discernible in a previous publication but so far has not been interpreted. An effect of precipitation on changes in surface elevation can be inferred with confidence. These results high-light the potential of ground-based observation of subsidence and heave as an enabler of progress in process understanding, modeling and interpretation of remotely sensed data.[Gruber, Stephan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaCarleton UniversityGruber, S (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.stephan.gruber@carleton.caGruber, Stephan/E-3884-2010Gruber, Stephan/0000-0002-1079-1542Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2015-06456]; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Research Fund; NSERC PermafrostNetNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Ontario Research Fund; NSERC PermafrostNetThis research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-2015-06456). Equipment was available via the project Quantifying the Hidden Thaw supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Research Fund. NSERC PermafrostNet provided additional support.502121<180 Day Usage Count>312COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereAPR 30202014414371447
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1437-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1437-202011Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyLL7JDgold, Green Submitted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005317321000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveFort SmithNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.1901836
Application of a u-w method for the detection of boreal forest response to environmental changes in Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCHClimate changes; boreal forest; tree ring; stem volume; growth shiftsGROWTH; CLIMATE; STEMNiazai, A; Osawa, A; Kurachi, N; Miyaura, T; Kajimoto, T; Metsaranta, JM; Dannoura, M; Okada, NNiazai, Amin; Osawa, Akira; Kurachi, Nahoko; Miyaura, Tomiyasu; Kajimoto, Takuya; Metsaranta, Juha M.; Dannoura, Masako; Okada, NaokiEnglishTo better understand the long-term response of boreal forests to increasing environmental changes, we applied the u-w method to detect growth changes triggered by environmental factors. Three species (Picea mariana, Picea glauca, and Populus tremuloides) of various sizes and ages were sampled in a boreal forest in northern Canada. Several stem disks were collected from the base to the crown of seven or eight trees in each of ten plots and ring width was measured to estimate the annual volume growth of each tree. Growth shifts, or changes in the phase of volume growth, were observed in every tree, and some shift years were common to the plots and species, suggesting the same environmental impact on trees. More frequent growth shifts were observed in the smallest trees in the black spruce plots, but showed no common patterns among the trees of different ages/sizes and species. Common growth shifts across species and plots were observed after severe drought years associated with fire incidences. We concluded that the u-w method is useful for detecting multi-year climate impacts on tree growth.[Niazai, Amin; Osawa, Akira; Dannoura, Masako; Okada, Naoki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Dept Forest & Biomat Sci, Ssakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan; [Kurachi, Nahoko] Hiraoka Forest Inst, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; [Miyaura, Tomiyasu] Ryukoku Univ, Fac Adv Sci & Technol, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; [Kajimoto, Takuya] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Tohoku Res Ctr, Morioka, Iwate, Japan; [Metsaranta, Juha M.] Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, CanadaKyoto University; Ryukoku University; Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceNiazai, A (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Ssakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan.niazai.amin@gmail.comJapan Society for the Promotion of Science [21405008]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21405008] Funding Source: KAKENJapan Society for the Promotion of Science(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [21405008].5011<180 Day Usage Count>27TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1341-69791610-7403J FOREST RES-JPNJ. For. Res.JUL 42021264303313
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.1901836http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.19018362021-03-01 00:00:0011ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryUL8ZB2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006332377000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveNorthwest of Great Slave LakeNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.015
Contemporary sand wedge development in seasonally frozen ground and paleoenvironmental implications
ArticleGEOMORPHOLOGYSand wedges; Thermal contraction cracking; Sand sheets; Eolian; Paleoenvironments; Seasonally frozen groundGREAT SLAVE LOWLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PLEISTOCENE PERMAFROST; ICE WEDGES; POLYGONS; SINGLE; DYNAMICS; QUARTZ; ISLAND; CHRONOLOGYWolfe, SA; Morse, PD; Neudorf, CM; Kokelj, SV; Lian, OB; O'Neill, HBWolfe, Stephen A.; Morse, Peter D.; Neudorf, Christina M.; Kokelj, Steven V.; Lian, Olav B.; O'Neill, H. BrendanEnglishContemporary sand wedges and sand veins are active in seasonally frozen ground within the extensive discontinuous permafrost zone in Northwest Territories, Canada. The region has a subarctic continental climate with 291 mm a(-1) precipitation, -4.1 degrees C mean annual air temperature, warm summers (July mean 17.0 degrees C), and cold winters (January mean -26.6 degrees C). Five years of continuous observations indicate that interannual variation of the ground thermal regime is dominantly controlled by winter air temperature and snow cover conditions. At sandy sites, thin snow cover and high thermal conductivity promote rapid freezing, high rates of ground cooling, and low near-surface ground temperatures ( -15 to -25 degrees C), resulting in thermal contraction cracking to depths of 12 m. Cracking potentials are high in sandy soils when air temperatures are <-30 degrees C on successive days, mean freezing season air temperatures are <=-17 degrees C, and snow cover is <0.15 m thick. In contrast, surface conditions in peatlands maintain permafrost but thermal contraction cracking does not occur because thicker snow cover and the thermal properties of peat prolong freezeback and maintain higher winter ground temperatures. A combination of radiocarbon dating, optical dating, and stratigraphic observations were used to differentiate sand wedge types and formation histories. Thermal contraction cracks that develop in the sandy terrain are filled by surface (allochthonous) and/or host (autochthonous) material during the thaw season. Epigenetic sand wedges infilled with allochthonous sand develop within former beach sediments beneath an active eolian sand sheet. Narrower and deeper syngenetic wedges developed within aggrading eolian sand sheets, whereas wider and shallower antisyngenetic wedges developed in areas of active erosion. Thermal contraction cracking beneath vegetation stabilized surfaces leads to crack infilling by autochthonous host and overlying organic material, with resultant downtuming and subsidence of adjacent strata. Sand wedge development in seasonally frozen ground with limited surface sediment supply can result in stratigraphy similar to ice-wedge and composite-wedge pseudo morphs. Therefore, caution must be exercised when interpreting this suite of forms and inferring paleoenvironments. Crown Copyright (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Wolfe, Stephen A.; Morse, Peter D.; O'Neill, H. Brendan] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Neudorf, Christina M.; Lian, Olav B.] Univ Fraser Valley, Dept Geog & Environm, 33844 King Rd, Abbotsford, BC, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, 5310 44 St, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Fraser ValleyWolfe, SA (corresponding author), Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON, Canada.stephen.wolfe@canada.caNeudorf, Christina/0000-0002-4449-2655; O'Neill, Brendan/0000-0002-5290-3389; Wolfe, Stephen/0000-0001-7255-1184Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC Research Tools and Instruments Grant; Climate Change Geoscience Program of the Geological Survey of Canada; NWT Geological Survey and Polar Continental Shelf ProjectNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Research Tools and Instruments Grant; Climate Change Geoscience Program of the Geological Survey of Canada; NWT Geological Survey and Polar Continental Shelf ProjectJustine Riches (nee Cullen), Libby Biln (nee Griffin), Jordan Bryce, and Travis Gingerich prepared the optical dating samples. OBL acknowledges support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grants and an NSERC Research Tools and Instruments Grant. Additional field assistance by Adrian Gaanderse, Wendy Sladen, and Justine Riches is gratefully acknowledged. This research was supported by the Climate Change Geoscience Program of the Geological Survey of Canada and by the NWT Geological Survey and Polar Continental Shelf Project. The paper benefitted from thoughtful review of three anonymous reviewers and is Geological Survey of Canada contribution number 20170301.702020<180 Day Usage Count>010ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0169-555X1872-695XGEOMORPHOLOGYGeomorphologyMAY 12018308215229
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.015http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.01515Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGD8NF2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004307685000170 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3842
Cryptogam plant community stability: Warming weakens influences of species richness but enhances effects of evenness
ArticleECOLOGYbiodiversity; bryophytes; global warming; lichens; species synchrony; tundraSIMULATED CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPORAL STABILITY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; RESPONSES; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN; CONSEQUENCESGu, Q; Yu, Q; Grogan, PGu, Qian; Yu, Qiang; Grogan, PaulEnglishCommunity stability is a fundamental factor sustaining ecosystem functioning and is affected by species richness and species evenness. The Arctic is warming more rapidly than other biomes, and cryptogam plant species (specifically lichens and bryophytes in this study) are major contributors to tundra biodiversity and productivity. However, to our knowledge, the impacts of warming on cryptogam community stability and the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. We conducted a 13-year summer warming experiment in mesic birch hummock tundra vegetation near Daring Lake in the continental interior of low Arctic Canada and recorded patterns of cryptogam species abundance in several different growing seasons. Warming decreased the stability of total community abundance, had no effects on species richness, but increased species evenness and species synchrony. Structural equation model analyses indicated that higher species richness was the principal factor associated with the stronger community abundance stability in the control plots and that this effect was driven primarily by a negative correlation with species synchrony. By contrast, higher species evenness was the principal factor associated with the weakened community abundance stability in the warming plots, and this effect was driven primarily by a positive correlation with species synchrony. Our study suggests that climate warming could reduce cryptogam plant community stability in low Arctic tundra and, therefore, decrease important ecosystem services, including carbon storage and food availability to caribou in northern regions.[Gu, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Natl Hulunber Grassland Ecosyst Observat & Res St, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Gu, Qian; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Yu, Qiang] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Grassland Sci, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, CAAS; Queens University - Canada; Beijing Forestry UniversityGu, Q (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Natl Hulunber Grassland Ecosyst Observat & Res St, Beijing, Peoples R China.;Gu, Q (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada.yuq@bjfu.edu.cnYu, Qiang/E-2097-2011Yu, Qiang/0000-0002-5480-0623Chinese Scholarship Council; Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0604802]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Northern Studies Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Trillium ScholarshipChinese Scholarship Council(China Scholarship Council); Key R&D Program of China; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Studies Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Trillium ScholarshipChinese Scholarship Council; Key R&D Program of China, Grant/Award Number: 2017YFA0604802; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Northern Studies Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Trillium Scholarship7000<180 Day Usage Count>2424WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0012-96581939-9170ECOLOGYEcologyJAN20231041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3842http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3842OCT 202212EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology7N1WX361992242023-03-14WOS:0008640273000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUplands east of InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4919
Debris cover on thaw slumps and its insulative role in a warming climate
ArticleEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMSretrogressive thaw slump; thermokarst; debris; climate sensitivity; permafrost; ground iceMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; THERMAL REGIME; YUKON-TERRITORY; HERSCHEL ISLAND; COASTAL-PLAIN; BANKS-ISLAND; PERMAFROST; GLACIER; IMPACTS; TERRAINZwieback, S; Boike, J; Marsh, P; Berg, AZwieback, S.; Boike, J.; Marsh, P.; Berg, A.EnglishThaw slumps in ice-rich permafrost can retreat tens of metres per summer, driven by the melt of subaerially exposed ground ice. However, some slumps retain an ice-veneering debris cover as they retreat. A quantitative understanding of the thermal regime and geomorphic evolution of debris-covered slumps in a warming climate is largely lacking. To characterize the thermal regime, we instrumented four debris-covered slumps in the Canadian Low Arctic and developed a numerical conduction-based model. The observed surface temperatures >20 degrees C and steep thermal gradients indicate that debris insulates the ice by shifting the energy balance towards radiative and turbulent losses. After the model was calibrated and validated with field observations, it predicted sub-debris ice melt to decrease four-fold from 1.9 to 0.5 mas the thickness of the fine-grained debris quadruples from 0.1 to 0.4 m. With warming temperatures, melt is predicted to increase most rapidly, in relative terms, for thick (similar to 0.5-1.0 m) debris covers. The morphology and evolution of the debris-covered slumps were characterized using field and remote sensing observations, which revealed differences in association with morphology and debris composition. Two low-angle slumps retreated continually despite their persistent fine-grained debris covers. The observed elevation losses decreased from similar to 1.0 m/yr where debris thickness similar to 0.2 mto 0.1 m/yr where thickness similar to 1.0 m. Conversely, a steep slump with a coarse-grained debris veneer underwent short-lived bursts of retreat, hinting at a complex interplay of positive and negative feedback processes. The insulative protection and behaviour of debris vary significantly with factors such as thickness, grain size and climate: debris thus exerts a fundamental, spatially variable influence on slump trajectories in a warming climate. (c) 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[Zwieback, S.; Berg, A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Zwieback, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Boike, J.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Permafrost Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, J.] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Berlin, Germany; [Marsh, P.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityZwieback, S (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada.szwieback@alaska.eduBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Boike, Julia/R-4766-2016Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Boike, Julia/0000-0002-5875-2112Canadian Space Agency; ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Swiss National Science Foundation [P2EZP2_168789]; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP [1043681, 1559691, 1542736]; Helmholtz Association of the MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems)Canadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency); ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP; Helmholtz Association of the MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems)The authors are grateful to Philipp Bernhard, Qianyu Chang, Inge Grunberg, Stephan Lange, Thomas Misztela, Branden Walker and Evan Wilcox for support during the field campaign. They thank Veit Helm for processing the airborne Lidar data, and Steve Kokelj for invaluable advice. They acknowledge funding by the Canadian Space Agency, ArcticNet, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and support by the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Simon Zwieback was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (P2EZP2_168789). This work was supported by funding from the Helmholtz Association in the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems). The work was conducted under NWT research licence 16344.; The authors appreciate access to Planet imagery provided by Planet Labs, Inc, and DEMs provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736.5955<180 Day Usage Count>216WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0197-93371096-9837EARTH SURF PROC LANDEarth Surf. Process. Landf.SEP 152020451126312646
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4919http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.49192020-07-01 00:00:0016Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyNP1CI2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0005509770000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13638
Direct and indirect climate change effects on carbon dioxide fluxes in a thawing boreal forest-wetland landscape
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal forest; carbon dioxide; climate change; ecosystem respiration; eddy covariance; gross primary productivity; permafrost; wetlandsNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ELEVATED GROWTH TEMPERATURES; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; PERMAFROST THAW; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; THERMAL ADAPTATION; PEAT ACCUMULATION; METHANE EMISSIONHelbig, M; Chasmer, LE; Desai, AR; Kljun, N; Quinton, WL; Sonnentag, OHelbig, Manuel; Chasmer, Laura E.; Desai, Ankur R.; Kljun, Natascha; Quinton, William L.; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishIn the sporadic permafrost zone of northwestern Canada, boreal forest carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes will be altered directly by climate change through changing meteorological forcing and indirectly through changes in landscape functioning associated with thaw-induced collapse-scar bog (` wetland') expansion. However, their combined effect on landscape-scale net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEELAND), resulting from changing gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), remains unknown. Here, we quantify indirect land cover change impacts on NEELAND and direct climate change impacts on modeled temperature-and light-limited NEELAND of a boreal forestwetland landscape. Using nested eddy covariance flux towers, we find both GPP and ER to be larger at the landscape compared to the wetland level. However, annual NEELAND (-20 g C m(-2)) and wetland NEE (-24 g C m(-2)) were similar, suggesting negligible wetland expansion effects on NEELAND. In contrast, we find non-negligible direct climate change impacts when modeling NEELAND using projected air temperature and incoming shortwave radiation. At the end of the 21st century, modeled GPP mainly increases in spring and fall due to reduced temperature limitation, but becomes more frequently light-limited in fall. In a warmer climate, ER increases year-round in the absence of moisture stress resulting in net CO2 uptake increases in the shoulder seasons and decreases during the summer. Annually, landscape net CO2 uptake is projected to decline by 25 +/- 14 g C m(-2) for a moderate and 103 +/- 38 g C m(-2) for a high warming scenario, potentially reversing recently observed positive net CO2 uptake trends across the boreal biome. Thus, even without moisture stress, net CO2 uptake of boreal forest-wetland landscapes may decline, and ultimately, these landscapes may turn into net CO2 sources under continued anthropogenic CO2 emissions. We conclude that NEELAND changes are more likely to be driven by direct climate change rather than by indirect land cover change impacts.[Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura E.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Kljun, Natascha] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; University of Lethbridge; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Swansea University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityHelbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.manuel.helbig@umontreal.caHelbig, Manuel/H-3690-2019; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Desai, Ankur/L-2495-2019; Kljun, Natascha/AAR-3629-2021; Kljun, Natascha/B-8467-2008Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Kljun, Natascha/0000-0001-9650-2184; Kljun, Natascha/0000-0001-9650-2184; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies (FRQNT); Centre d'etudes nordiques (CEN); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management Project; Liidlii Kue First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research Station; Jean-Marie River First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research StationFonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies (FRQNT); Centre d'etudes nordiques (CEN); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)(Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management Project; Liidlii Kue First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research Station; Jean-Marie River First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research StationWe thank three anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments. MH was funded through graduate student scholarships provided by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et technologies (FRQNT), the Centre d'etudes nordiques (CEN), and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Funding for this research was awarded to OS by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs. ARD acknowledges support from the U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management Project. MH is thankful to Tanja Zivkovic, Avni Malhotra, and Christoforos Pappas for discussions improving an earlier version of the manuscript. We are grateful for the support of the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean-Marie River First Nation for their support of the Scotty Creek Research Station. This study was part of the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE).1174646<180 Day Usage Count>12148WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.AUG201723832313248
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13638http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1363818Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyEZ6XP28132402Green Accepted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004048633000230 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveFort Smith, Fort ResolutionYAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1298516
Ecological patterns of fish distribution in the Slave River Delta region, Northwest Territories, Canada, as relayed by traditional knowledge and Western science
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENTCumulative effect monitoring; environmental management; fish habitat; fish migration; traditional knowledge; Western scienceLOCAL KNOWLEDGE; FRESH-WATER; MANAGEMENT; COMANAGEMENT; CONTAMINANTS; COMMUNITIES; ISOTOPES; MERCURY; SYSTEM; TRENDSBaldwin, C; Bradford, L; Carr, MK; Doig, LE; Jardine, TD; Jones, PD; Bharadwaj, L; Lindenschmidt, KEBaldwin, Cara; Bradford, Lori; Carr, Meghan K.; Doig, Lorne E.; Jardine, Timothy D.; Jones, Paul D.; Bharadwaj, Lalita; Lindenschmidt, Karl-ErichEnglishIndigenous community members along the Slave River in Canada have voiced their concerns for the health of ecosystems under pressure from resource extraction, hydroelectric development and global climate change. We present a test case of traditional knowledge and scientific results about the spawning and migration patterns of fish in the Slave River and Delta. This dual knowledge system approach elucidates the broader connectivity of local study regions and can improve monitoring programmes by extending beyond the usual context/confines of the present or recent past, increasing the spatial and temporal range of system information.[Baldwin, Cara; Jardine, Timothy D.; Jones, Paul D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Bradford, Lori; Bharadwaj, Lalita] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Carr, Meghan K.; Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Doig, Lorne E.; Jardine, Timothy D.; Jones, Paul D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Toxicol Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of SaskatchewanLindenschmidt, KE (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.karl-erich.lindenschmidt@usask.caJardine, Timothy Donald/AFZ-4837-2022Jardine, Timothy/0000-0002-5917-9792; Bradford, Lori/0000-0002-0926-2010Government of the Northwest Territories [CIMP 166]Government of the Northwest TerritoriesThis work was supported by Government of the Northwest Territories [grant number CIMP 166].6455<180 Day Usage Count>031ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND0790-06271360-0648INT J WATER RESOUR DInt. J. Water Resour. Dev.2018342305324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1298516http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.129851620Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Water ResourcesFU4VWGreen Accepted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004238517000120 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaLakes along the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0065
Environmental variables associated with littoral macroinvertebrate community composition in Arctic lakes
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCESFRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; EMPIRICAL PREDICTION; ZOOBENTHIC BIOMASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROAD DUST; FISHCohen, RS; Gray, DK; Vucic, JM; Murdoch, AD; Sharma, SCohen, Rachel S.; Gray, Derek K.; Vucic, Jasmina M.; Murdoch, Alyssa D.; Sharma, SapnaEnglishThe relationship between littoral macroinvertebrate communities and environmental gradients in Arctic lakes is poorly understood, making it difficult to predict whether these important components of lake ecosystems will be affected by emerging stressors such as permafrost thaw and road development. To better understand how littoral macroinvertebrates are related to environmental gradients, we characterized macroinvertebrate communities and environmental variables for 32 Arctic lakes across the boreal-tundra transition in the Northwest Territories. Our analysis showed that a small selection of variables had strong relationships with community structure: calcium, conductivity, latitude, surface area, catchment area, percent fine sediment, chlorophyll a, and whitefish (Coregonus dupeaformis or Coregonus nasus) presence. Many of these variables, including calcium, conductivity, and chlorophyll a levels, are affected by permafrost thaw and road dust contamination. Based on the direction and magnitude of these relationships, we hypothesize that macroinvertebrate abundance might decline in response to permafrost thaw and road dust contamination, while taxon diversity may rise. While correlative in nature, our results and hypotheses may be valuable as future studies evaluate ongoing changes in Canada's Arctic lakes.[Cohen, Rachel S.; Gray, Derek K.; Vucic, Jasmina M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Murdoch, Alyssa D.; Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; York University - CanadaGray, DK (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.dgray@wlu.caNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program [CIMP197]; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityNorthwest Territories Scientific License Number 16126 was used to conduct this research project. We thank the Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board, the Renewable Resource Councils (Fort McPherson, Tsiigehtchic, and Inuvik), and the Hunter and Trapper Committees (Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk) for supporting the work. Z. Aries, B. Conley, M. Dillon, M. Elmarsafy, E. Gervais, C. Gruben, E. Hughes, Y. Langille, L. Lopez, C. Steell, M. Teillet, C. Tward, and L. Waters assisted with field data collection. Logistics support was provided by the Aurora Research Institute. G. Braun and H. Gray at The Center for Cold Regions and Water Science Analytical Laboratory provided assistance with Ca, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, and total phosphorus measurements. S. Arnott assisted with analysis of chlorophyll a concentrations. Funding was provided by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Management Program under project CIMP197 and byWilfrid Laurier University.10222<180 Day Usage Count>113CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0706-652X1205-7533CAN J FISH AQUAT SCICan. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.FEB2021782110123
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0065http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-006514Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyQH1UM2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006180630000020 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1590
Experimental warming alters migratory caribou forage quality
ArticleECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONSclimate change; fiber; greenhouse; lichen; nutrients; nutrition; phenolics; Rangifer; shrub; tundraDIFFERING GROWTH FORM; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKAN TUNDRA; ARCTIC TUNDRA; PLANTS; VEGETATION; REINDEER; NITROGEN; INCREASESZamin, TJ; Cote, SD; Tremblay, JP; Grogan, PZamin, Tara J.; Cote, Steeve D.; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre; Grogan, PaulEnglishGlobal declines in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer) populations have drawn attention to the myriad of stressors that these Arctic and boreal forest herbivores currently face. Arctic warming has resulted in increased tundra shrub growth and therefore Rangifer forage quantity. However, its effects on forage quality have not yet been addressed although they may be critical to Rangifer body condition and fecundity. We investigated the impact of 8 yrs of summer warming on the quality of forage available to the Bathurst caribou herd using experimental greenhouses (n = 5) located in mesic birch hummock tundra in the central Canadian Low Arctic. Leaf forage quality and digestibility characteristics associated with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), phenolics, and fiber were measured on the deciduous shrub Betula glandulosa (an important Rangifer diet component) at six time points through the growing season, and on five other very common vascular plant and lichen species in late summer. Experimental warming reduced B. glandulosa leaf nitrogen concentrations by similar to 10% in both late June and mid-July, but not afterwards. It also reduced late summer forage quality of the graminoid Eriophorum vaginatum by increasing phenolic concentrations 38%. Warming had mixed effects on forage quality of the lichen Cetraria cucullata in that it increased nutrient concentrations and tended to decrease fiber contents, but it also increased phenolics. Altogether, these warming-induced changes in forage quality over the growing season, and response differences among species, highlight the importance of Rangifer adaptability in diet selection. Furthermore, the early season reduction in B. glandulosa nitrogen content is a particular concern given the importance of this time for calf growth. Overall, our demonstration of the potential for significant warming impacts on forage quality at critical times for these animals underscores the importance of effective Rangifer range conservation to ensure sufficient appropriate habitat to support adaptability in forage selection in a rapidly changing environment.[Zamin, Tara J.; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Zamin, Tara J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; [Cote, Steeve D.; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Caribou Ungava, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Cote, Steeve D.; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Monash University; Laval University; Laval UniversityGrogan, P (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.groganp@queensu.caCote, Steeve/0000-0002-4875-1917; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-0978-529X912526<180 Day Usage Count>588WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1051-07611939-5582ECOL APPLEcol. Appl.OCT201727720612073
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1590http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.159013Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyFI6DG286534712023-03-14WOS:0004120802000060 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveBurned and unburned sample plots to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14287
Cross-scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYblack spruce; carbon combustion; fire severity; jack pine; Picea mariana; Pinus banksiana; taiga plains; taiga shieldCLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIME; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; BLACK SPRUCE; PATTERNS; VULNERABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SEVERITY; DYNAMICSWalker, XJ; Rogers, BM; Baltzer, JL; Cumming, SG; Day, NJ; Goetz, SJ; Johnstone, JF; Schuur, EAG; Turetsky, MR; Mack, MCWalker, Xanthe J.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Goetz, Scott J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Mack, Michelle C.EnglishClimate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future climate feedbacks, there is a need to understand the major sources of heterogeneity that impact C emissions at different scales. Here, we examined 211 field plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. We assessed both aboveground and soil organic layer (SOL) combustion, with the goal of determining the major drivers in total C emissions, as well as to develop a high spatial resolution model to scale emissions in a relatively understudied region of the boreal forest. On average, 3.35kgCm(-2) was combusted and almost 90% of this was from SOL combustion. Our results indicate that black spruce stands located at landscape positions with intermediate drainage contribute the most to C emissions. Indices associated with fire weather and date of burn did not impact emissions, which we attribute to the extreme fire weather over a short period of time. Using these results, we estimated a total of 94.3TgC emitted from 2.85Mha of burned area across the entire 2014 NWT fire complex, which offsets almost 50% of mean annual net ecosystem production in terrestrial ecosystems of Canada. Our study also highlights the need for fine-scale estimates of burned area that represent small water bodies and regionally specific calibrations of combustion that account for spatial heterogeneity in order to accurately model emissions at the continental scale.[Walker, Xanthe J.; Goetz, Scott J.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Rogers, Brendan M.; Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Cumming, Steven G.] Univ Laval, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, CanadaNorthern Arizona University; Woods Hole Research Center; Wilfrid Laurier University; Laval University; Northern Arizona University; University of Saskatchewan; University of GuelphWalker, XJ (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.xanthe.walker@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Walker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Legacy Carbon Grant [Mack-01]; Division of Environmental Biology, RAPID grant [1542150]; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding [170]; NSERC Discovery Grant; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training ProgramNASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Legacy Carbon Grant; Division of Environmental Biology, RAPID grant; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding; NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training ProgramNASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Grant/Award Number: Legacy Carbon Grant: #Mack-01; Division of Environmental Biology, Grant/Award Number: RAPID grant #1542150; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding, Grant/Award Number: #170; NSERC Discovery Grant; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program704545<180 Day Usage Count>356WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.SEP201824942514265
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14287http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1428715Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyGQ5RM296971692023-03-05WOS:0004417469000300 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaLakes along the Dempster and Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway, on the Peel Plateau, and in the Mackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13834
Drivers of fish biodiversity in a rapidly changing permafrost landscape
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYclimate change; dissolved organic carbon; infrastructure; light; subarcticFRESH-WATER FISH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; ORGANIC-MATTER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TUNDRA LAKES; ROAD DUST; IMPACTS; THAWMurdoch, A; Gray, DK; Korosi, J; Vucic, JM; Cohen, RS; Sharma, SMurdoch, Alyssa; Gray, Derek K.; Korosi, Jennifer; Vucic, Jasmina M.; Cohen, Rachel S.; Sharma, SapnaEnglishRapid environmental change occurring in northern permafrost regions may have profound implications for fish biodiversity but remains poorly understood. Climate change, increasing human development, and resultant permafrost thaw may combine to alter the quality and quantity of fish habitat including reductions in preferred thermal habitat, changes in water quality, and modified drainage patterns. Our study objective was to understand how lake fish communities residing on permafrost landscapes may be responding to climate change and land use disturbance. We investigated the drivers of freshwater fish community health in lakes of the lower Mackenzie River basin, an ice-rich permafrost region that is experiencing substantial warming, permafrost thaw, and new major highway development. We collected lake morphometry, water quality, and fish community data from 50 lakes and derived several indicators of aquatic health including fish species richness, relative abundance, and the occurrence of three culturally important fish species. We found that water quality and lake size were significant co-drivers of fish community health whereas relationships with summer thermal habitat, as represented by July air temperature, were relatively negligible. Dissolved organic carbon (an indicator for lake browning) emerged as a particularly important driver of fish community structure, and fish community health steeply declined when dissolved organic carbon concentrations exceeded 17-18 mg/L. We suggest potential mechanisms for these declines including light inhibition during summer and a reduced capacity for overwintering in smaller and murkier lakes that may experience faster oxygen depletion rates. Using a more expansive regional water quality database of 203 lakes, we observed potential supporting evidence that warming and new road development increased dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus concentrations, possibly reducing fish habitat quality in this region. Together, these results highlight how fishes relying on the numerous small and shallow lakes that dominate permafrost landscapes may be vulnerable to the combined effects of rapid warming and new infrastructure.[Murdoch, Alyssa; Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Gray, Derek K.; Vucic, Jasmina M.; Cohen, Rachel S.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON, CanadaYork University - Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; York University - CanadaMurdoch, A (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Biol, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.alyssamurdoch@gmail.comMurdoch, Alyssa/0000-0003-0582-6584Northwest Territories Scientific [16126]; Animal Care Committee at Wilfrid Laurier University [R17008]; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [CIMP197]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [CGSD 3-487477 - 2016]; Ontario Graduate ScholarshipNorthwest Territories Scientific; Animal Care Committee at Wilfrid Laurier University; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Ontario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship)Northwest Territories Scientific, Grant/Award Number: 16126; Animal Care Committee at Wilfrid Laurier University, Grant/Award Number: #R17008; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Grant/Award Number: CIMP197; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant/Award Number: CGSD 3-487477 - 2016; Ontario Graduate Scholarship10544<180 Day Usage Count>211WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.DEC2021661223012321
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13834http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.138342021-10-01 00:00:0021Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyXM0PY2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007104335000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuMackenzie Valley north of Norman WellsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0141
Factors influencing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in subarctic lakes affected by wildfires
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCESFOREST-FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-QUALITY; MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; METHYL MERCURY; BODY-SIZE; IMPACTS; MACROPHYTESPretty, TJ; Chanyi, CM; Kuhn, C; Gray, DKPretty, Thomas J.; Chanyi, Charles-Matthew; Kuhn, Catherine; Gray, Derek K.EnglishFires are a natural phenomenon in the boreal forest, but their frequency is expected to increase over the coming century. Fires may affect water quality and invertebrates in lakes, but there have been few studies in the northern boreal forest to describe these impacts. We collected data on water quality, macrophytes, and invertebrates from 20 lakes in the Salmi Settlement Area of the Northwest Territories. Nine lakes were affected by fires in their catchments 4-5 years before data collection, while eleven were not. Our results showed that few water quality variables were associated with fires. However, remote sensing and field observations suggested that macrophyte biomass was higher in lakes affected by burns, and this variable was a significant predictor of invertebrate composition. Burn history was an important predictor of the richness and abundance of invertebrates, but natural variability in lake properties was more important for explaining differences among lakes. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the effects of wildfires might be gained by examining how postfire changes in macrophytes affect other trophic levels.[Pretty, Thomas J.; Chanyi, Charles-Matthew; Gray, Derek K.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Kuhn, Catherine] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USAWilfrid Laurier University; University of Washington; University of Washington SeattleGray, DK (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada.dgray@wlu.caGlobal Water Futures (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), The Government of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGlobal Water Futures (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), The Government of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)J. Baltzer and K. Munkittrick provided advice on study design and analysis. K. Tasky assisted with field data collection. N. Wuzyinski assisted with zooplankton sample processing. Funding was provided by Global Water Futures (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), The Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.10011<180 Day Usage Count>211CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0706-652X1205-7533CAN J FISH AQUAT SCICan. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.MAR2021783218231
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0141http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-014114Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyQS4OE2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006258808000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveLakes and rivers to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14960
Fluvial CO2 and CH4 patterns across wildfire-disturbed ecozones of subarctic Canada: Current status and implications for future change
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYcarbon dioxide; CO2; landscape carbon budgets; methane; permafrost; rivers; streams; wildfiresCARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST THAW; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; METHANE EMISSIONS; BOREAL CATCHMENT; WATER CHEMISTRY; AQUATIC CONDUITHutchins, RHS; Tank, SE; Olefeldt, D; Quinton, WL; Spence, C; Dion, N; Estop-Aragones, C; Mengistu, SGHutchins, Ryan H. S.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Olefeldt, David; Quinton, William L.; Spence, Christopher; Dion, Nicole; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Mengistu, Samson G.EnglishDespite occupying a small fraction of the landscape, fluvial networks are disproportionately large emitters of CO2 and CH4, with the potential to offset terrestrial carbon sinks. Yet the extent of this offset remains uncertain, because current estimates of fluvial emissions often do not integrate beyond individual river reaches and over the entire fluvial network in complex landscapes. Here we studied broad patterns of concentrations and isotopic signatures of CO2 and CH4 in 50 streams in the western boreal biome of Canada, across an area of 250,000 km(2). Our study watersheds differ starkly in their geology (sedimentary and shield), permafrost extent (sporadic to extensive discontinuous) and land cover (large variability in lake and wetland extents). We also investigated the effect of wildfire, as half of our study streams drained watersheds affected by megafires that occurred 3 years prior. Similar to other boreal regions, we found that stream CO2 concentrations were primarily associated with greater terrestrial productivity and warmer climates, and decreased downstream within the fluvial network. No effects of recent wildfire, bedrock geology or land cover composition were found. The isotopic signatures suggested dominance of biogenic CO2 sources, despite dominant carbonate bedrock in parts of the study region. Fluvial CH4 concentrations had a high variability which could not be explained by any landscape factors. Estimated fluvial CO2 emissions were 0.63 (0.09-6.06, 95% CI) and 0.29 (0.17-0.44, 95% CI) g C m(-2) year(-1) at the landscape scale using a stream network modelling and a mass balance approach, respectively, a small but potentially important component of the landscape C balance. These fluvial CO2 emissions are lower than in other northern regions, likely due to a drier climate. Overall, our study suggests that fluvial CO2 emissions are unlikely to be sensitive to altered fire regimes, but that warming and permafrost thaw will increase emissions significantly.[Hutchins, Ryan H. S.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Mengistu, Samson G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Olefeldt, David; Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Spence, Christopher] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Dion, Nicole] Govt Northwest Terr, Water Resources Dept, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Munster, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Inst Landscape Ecol, D-48149 Munster, GermanyUniversity of Alberta; University of Alberta; Wilfrid Laurier University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of MunsterHutchins, RHS (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.hutchins.ryan@gmail.comHutchins, Ryan H.S./AAD-8728-2019; Estop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Hutchins, Ryan H.S./0000-0002-1696-4934; Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [CIMP180]; Polar Knowledge Canada [1617-0009]; Alberta Innovates; NSF-OPP [1043681, 1559691, 1542736]Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Alberta Innovates; NSF-OPP(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program, Grant/Award Number: CIMP180; Polar Knowledge Canada, Grant/Award Number: 1617-0009; Alberta Innovates; NSF-OPP, Grant/Award Number: 1043681, 1559691 and 15427361211919<180 Day Usage Count>147WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.APR202026423042319
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14960http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.149602020-01-01 00:00:0016Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyNG8TI318349842023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005084518000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.003
From state-initiated to Indigenous-driven infrastructure: The Inuvialuit and Canada's first highway to the Arctic Ocean
ArticleWORLD DEVELOPMENTRoads; Indigenous peoples; Frontier; Tribal capitalism; Arctic; CanadaABORIGINAL LAND CLAIMS; ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; POLITICAL-ECONOMY; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIGHTS; RESOURCE; ROAD; GEOGRAPHIES; RESISTANCEBennett, MMBennett, Mia M.EnglishBetween 2010 and 2050, the world's combined road and rail network will grow an estimated 60%. National governments are building many of these roads, which are often perceived as disenfranchising Indigenous communities. Yet in the Canadian Arctic's Mackenzie Delta, a joint venture between two Indigenous-owned construction and transportation companies built the first public highway in North America to the Arctic Ocean, which opened in November 2017. This research, based on qualitative fieldwork in the lnuvialuit Settlement Region where the highway was constructed, challenges ideas that roads are invariably top-down initiatives which negatively impact Indigenous peoples and their lands. Inuvialuit community leaders lobbied for this road project and succeeded in winning CAD $299 million in government funding to construct the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway. They leveraged opportunities afforded by land claims treaties and shifting geopolitics in the warming Arctic, which turned their region into a frontier of renewed national and global interest, to accumulate funding. Strategically, they discursively rescaled a road they sought to promote economic development and improve local mobility between two communities into a highway of national importance. This study thus extends work on tribal capitalism to explore the place-based dynamics of Indigenous political economies. It unpacks the scale oriented strategies Indigenous peoples use to advocate for new roads and increased connectivity, finding that these discourses and practices can complement the state's promotion of nation-building and market capitalism in frontier spaces. This research also suggests that more attention is required to the circumstances in which Indigenous peoples initiate or become partners in infrastructure development rather than examining only instances of resistance. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Bennett, Mia M.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Room 1023,10th Floor,Jockey Club Tower, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Bennett, Mia M.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Modem Languages & Cultures, China Studies Programme, Room 1023,10th Floor,Jockey Club Tower, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Hong Kong; University of Hong KongBennett, MM (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog, Room 1023,10th Floor,Jockey Club Tower, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;Bennett, MM (corresponding author), Univ Hong Kong, Sch Modem Languages & Cultures, China Studies Programme, Room 1023,10th Floor,Jockey Club Tower, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.mbennett@hku.hkBennett, Mia/0000-0003-1897-1334National Science Foundation [DGE-1144087]; UCLA Charles F. Scott Fellowship; International Council for Canadian Studies; UCLA Canadian Studies Program; AGU Cryosphere Focus Group; UCLA Urban Humanities Institute; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1338850] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); UCLA Charles F. Scott Fellowship; International Council for Canadian Studies; UCLA Canadian Studies Program; AGU Cryosphere Focus Group; UCLA Urban Humanities Institute; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [DGE-1144087], the UCLA Charles F. Scott Fellowship, the International Council for Canadian Studies, the UCLA Canadian Studies Program, the AGU Cryosphere Focus Group, and the UCLA Urban Humanities Institute.1231011<180 Day Usage Count>429PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0305-750XWORLD DEVWorld Dev.SEP2018109134148
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.003http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.00315Development Studies; EconomicsSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Development Studies; Business & EconomicsGL2AP2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004369157000100 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlands, Anderson PlainNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1934
Ground Temperatures and Permafrost Warming from Forest to Tundra, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands and Anderson Plain, NWT, Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESactive layer; climate change; ground temperature; Mackenzie Delta area; terrain disturbance; tree lineWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; ACTIVE-LAYER; THERMAL REGIME; THAW SLUMPS; VEGETATION; INUVIK; ECOSYSTEMSKokelj, SV; Palmer, MJ; Lantz, TC; Burn, CRKokelj, S. V.; Palmer, M. J.; Lantz, T. C.; Burn, C. R.EnglishAnnual mean ground temperatures (T-g) decline northward from approximately -3.0 degrees C in the boreal forest to -7.0 degrees C in dwarf-shrub tundra in the Tuktoyuktuk Coastlands and Anderson Plain, NWT, Canada. The latitudinal decrease in T-g from forest to tundra is accompanied by an increase in the range of values measured in the central, tall-shrub tundra zone. Field measurements from 124 sites across this ecotone indicate that in undisturbed terrain Tg may approach 0 degrees C in the forest and -4 degrees C in dwarf-shrub tundra. The greatest range of local variation in T-g (similar to 7 degrees C) was observed in the tall-shrub transition zone. Undisturbed terrain units with relatively high T-g include riparian areas and slopes with drifting snow, saturated soils in polygonal peatlands and areas near lakes. Across the region, the warmest permafrost is associated with disturbances such as thaw slumps, drained lakes, areas burned by wildfires, drilling-mud sumps and roadsides. Soil saturation following terrain subsidence may increase the latent heat content of the active layer, while increases in snow depth decrease the rate of ground heat loss in autumn and winter. Such disturbances increase freezeback duration and reduce the period of conductive ground cooling, resulting in higher Tg and, in some cases, permafrost thaw. The field measurements reported here confirm that minimum T-g values in the uppermost 10 m of permafrost have increased by similar to 2 degrees C since the 1970s. The widespread occurrence of T-g above -3 degrees C indicates warm permafrost exists in disturbed and undisturbed settings across the transition from forest to tundra. Copyright (c) 2017 Government of the Northwest Territories. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[Kokelj, S. V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Palmer, M. J.] Govt Northwest Terr, Cumulat Impact Monitoring Program, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Lantz, T. C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Burn, C. R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Carleton UniversityKokelj, SV (corresponding author), Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.steve_kokelj@gov.nt.ca463636<180 Day Usage Count>141WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL-SEP2017283543551
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1934http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.19349Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGH7UC2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004336879000050 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveMackenzie Highway, Hay RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2017
Half a century of discontinuous permafrost persistence and degradation in western Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESboreal; climate change; forest fire; permafrost; subarcticELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; FOREST-FIRE; CARBON ACCUMULATION; BOREAL PEATLANDS; SOUTHERN YUKON; THERMAL STATE; VULNERABILITY; DISEQUILIBRIUMHolloway, JE; Lewkowicz, AGHolloway, Jean E.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.EnglishLong-term field studies of permafrost change are needed to validate predictive models but few are possible because of a paucity of direct observations prior to the late 1970s. To help fill this knowledge gap, we resurveyed a transect of 68 sites, originally investigated in 1962, to evaluate change in the isolated patches and sporadic discontinuous permafrost zones between Keg River, Alberta (57.8 degrees N) and Hay River, Northwest Territories (60.8 degrees N). The goal was to establish the degree of permafrost degradation due to approximately 2 degrees C of regional climate warming over the intervening 55 years, compounded at some sites by forest fire. By 2017-2018, permafrost had degraded at 36% of the 44 sites which exhibited it in 1962, but had persisted at a minimum of 50% with a further 14% potentially retaining permafrost. This is much less degradation than reported for a 1988-1989 survey of the same transect. Permafrost was maintained under thicker organic layers (86% > 40 cm) and at the majority of sites with fine-grained substrates, while degradation occurred preferentially at sites with coarse soils and thinner organic layers. Forest fire did not enhance the degree of permafrost loss, but greater frost table depths were observed at some burned locations. This study demonstrates that while the trajectory of change is towards permafrost loss, thin permafrost in the discontinuous zone can be persistent, even when disturbed. It also underlines the importance of considering the range of landscape types when projecting the rate of future permafrost thaw.[Holloway, Jean E.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Environm, Geomatics, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; University of OttawaHolloway, JE (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Environm, Geomatics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.jean.holloway77@gmail.comHolloway, Jean/0000-0003-3246-1090671313<180 Day Usage Count>125WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN20203118596
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2017http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.201712Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyKN3TU2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005147640000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North SlaveBetween Fort Providence and YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0063-7
Have natural lake expansion and landscape inundation resulted in mercury increases in flooded lakes of the Great Slave Lowlands (Northwest Territories, Canada)?
ArticleJOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGYClimate change; Contaminants; Flooding; Lake sediments; Paleolimnology; MercuryMETHYL MERCURY; HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; ORGANIC-MATTER; VEGETATION; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITION; FISH; SOIL; METHYLMERCURY; DYNAMICSThienpont, JR; Perreault, JT; Korosi, JB; Pisaric, MFJ; Blais, JMThienpont, Joshua R.; Perreault, Joelle T.; Korosi, Jennifer B.; Pisaric, Michael F. J.; Blais, Jules M.EnglishThe inundation of terrestrial vegetation following landscape flooding is an important potential source of mercury to aquatic ecosystems, and may modify mercury cycling, such as through increased methylation. In the Great Slave Lowlands of Canada's Northwest Territories, remarkable landscape flooding has occurred over the recent past, which is the most notable in at least the last several centuries. The potential for this flooding to increase inorganic mercury flux to the lakes of the region has not yet been explored. In this study we used sediment cores from five lakes experiencing a range of recently documented lake expansion to test whether inundation of terrestrial areas has increased the total mercury concentrations in sediments, and resulted in increased total mercury flux. Increases in sedimentary mercury concentrations and fluxes in sediment cores from the expanding lakes were relatively small and within the range of non-expanded systems, suggesting that, to date, flooding has not resulted in major total mercury enrichment, unlike in experimental and natural reservoir impoundments. The potential for increased methylation of existing inorganic mercury following expansion was not explored in this paper because methylmercury is dynamic in sediments and does not preserve well, but is an important consideration for future work.[Thienpont, Joshua R.; Korosi, Jennifer B.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Perreault, Joelle T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog & Tourism Studies, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Carleton University; York University - Canada; Brock UniversityThienpont, JR (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.joshua.thienpont@gmail.comBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Thienpont, Joshua/0000-0003-1856-8756community of Fort Providence; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (Government of the Northwest Territories); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Brock University Chancellor's Chair for Research Excellence; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadacommunity of Fort Providence; Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (Government of the Northwest Territories); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Brock University Chancellor's Chair for Research Excellence; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)The authors thank the community of Fort Providence for their support, especially Louis Lacorne, Eric Nadli, and George Nadli, for assistance in the field. This research was funded by the Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (Government of the Northwest Territories), the W. Garfield Weston Foundation (postdoctoral fellowship to JRT), the Brock University Chancellor's Chair for Research Excellence (MFJP), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grants to MFJP and JMB, Northern Supplement to MFJP and a PDF to JBK). We thank Dr. Jennifer Galloway for helpful comments on the manuscript.4111<180 Day Usage Count>111SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0921-27281573-0417J PALEOLIMNOLJ. Paleolimn.MAR2019613345354
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0063-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-018-0063-710Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; LimnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyHP0WXGreen Published2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004613884000060 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBanks Island Migratory Bird SanctuaryNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00506-7
High Arctic Vegetation Change Mediated by Hydrological Conditions
ArticleECOSYSTEMSClimate change; Landsat; Remote sensing; Primary production; Tundra ecosystems; Protected areasSHRUB EXPANSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TUNDRA; SNOW; RESPONSES; TRENDS; TRANSFORMATION; PRODUCTIVITY; 20TH-CENTURY; COMMUNITYCampbell, TKF; Lantz, TC; Fraser, RH; Hogan, DCampbell, T. Kiyo F.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Fraser, Robert H.; Hogan, DanicaEnglishIncreasing air temperatures are driving widespread changes to Arctic vegetation. In the high Arctic, these changes are patchy and the causes of heterogeneity are not well understood. In this study, we explore the determinants of high Arctic vegetation change over the last three decades on Banks Island, Northwest Territories. We used Landsat imagery (1984-2014) to map long-term trends in vegetation productivity and regional spatial data to investigate the relationships between trends in productivity and terrain position. Field sampling investigated vegetation community composition in different habitat types. Our analysis shows that vegetation productivity changes are substantial on Banks Island, where productivity has increased across about 80% of the study area. Rising productivity levels can be attributed to increasing biomass of the plant communities in both upland and lowland habitats. Our analysis also shows that the magnitude of greening is mediated by terrain characteristics related to soil moisture. Shifts in tundra vegetation will impact wildlife habitat quality, surface energy balance, permafrost dynamics, and the carbon cycle; additional research is needed to explore the effects of more productive vegetation communities on these processes in the high Arctic.[Campbell, T. Kiyo F.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat Canada, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada; [Hogan, Danica] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Nova Plaza 5019,52nd St,POB 2310, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P7, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife ServiceCampbell, TKF (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.t.kiyo.campbell@gmail.comPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); Canadian Wildlife Service; University of VictoriaPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)(Canadian Space Agency); Canadian Wildlife Service; University of VictoriaThis work was made possible by the Aurora Research Institute-Western Arctic Research Centre, the Canadian Wildlife Service - Yellowknife, and the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee. We thank Marie Fast, Megan Ross, Eric Reed, and Cindy Wood from the Canadian Wildlife Service, as well as Trevor Lucas, from the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee, for their support with fieldwork and logistics. We also thank Ian Olthof for assistance with the collection and processing of remote sensing data. This research was funded by: the Polar Continental Shelf Program; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; the Northern Scientific Training Program; the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); the Canadian Wildlife Service; and the University of Victoria.861516<180 Day Usage Count>232SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsJAN2021241106121
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00506-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00506-72020-04-01 00:00:0016EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyQL3RQ2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005295918000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveBaker Creek, Boundary CreekNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13915
Hydrological resilience to forest fire in the subarctic Canadian shield
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESCanadian shield; evapotranspiration; forest fire; permafrost; resilience; streamflow; talik; water budgetFREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; EVAPORATION; STREAMFLOW; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; REGIME; WATERSHEDS; GENERATIONSpence, C; Hedstrom, N; Tank, SE; Quinton, WL; Olefeldt, D; Goodman, S; Dion, NSpence, Christopher; Hedstrom, Newell; Tank, Suzanne E.; Quinton, William L.; Olefeldt, David; Goodman, Stefan; Dion, NicoleEnglishUnderstanding the role of forest fires on water budgets of subarctic Precambrian Shield catchments is important because of growing evidence that fire activity is increasing. Most research has focused on assessing impacts on individual landscape units, so it is unclear how changes manifest at the catchment scale enough to alter water budgets. The objective of this study was to determine the water budget impact of a forest fire that partially burned a similar to 450 km(2) subarctic Precambrian Shield basin. Water budget components were measured in a pair of catchments: one burnt and another unburnt. Burnt and unburnt areas had comparable net radiation, but thaw was deeper in burned areas. There were deeper snow packs in burns. Differences in streamflow between the catchments were within measurement uncertainty. Enhanced winter streamflow from the burned watershed was evident by icing growth at the streamflow gauge location, which was not observed in the unburned catchment. Wintertime water chemistry was also clearly elevated in dissolved organics, and organic-associated nutrients. Application of a framework to assess hydrological resilience of watersheds to wildfire reveal that watersheds with both high bedrock and open water fractions are more resilient to hydrological change after fire in the subarctic shield, and resilience decreases with increasingly climatically wet conditions. This suggests significant changes in runoff magnitude, timing and water chemistry of many Shield catchments following wildfire depend on pre-fire land cover distribution, the extent of the wildfire and climatic conditions that follow the fire.[Spence, Christopher; Hedstrom, Newell] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Goodman, Stefan; Dion, Nicole] Environm & Nat Resources Govt Northwest Terr, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Alberta; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of AlbertaSpence, C (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.chris.spence@canada.caCumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [GNT CIMP180]; POLAR Canada [NST1617-0009, 1516-107]Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; POLAR CanadaCumulative Impacts Monitoring Program, Grant/Award Number: GNT CIMP180; POLAR Canada, Grant/Award Number: NST1617-0009 and 1516-1077234<180 Day Usage Count>216WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.DEC 152020342549404958
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13915http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.139152020-10-01 00:00:0019Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesPC1MOhybrid2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005788058000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0011
Ice wedge degradation and CO2 and CH4 emissions in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEcarbon dioxide; methane; permafrost; thermokarstCARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; POLYGONAL TUNDRA; GAS-EXCHANGE; METHANE; FLUX; TEMPERATURE; PONDS; VULNERABILITYMartin, AF; Lantz, TC; Humphreys, ERMartin, Abra F.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Humphreys, Elyn R.EnglishIncreases in ground temperature make soil organic carbon in permafrost environments highly vulnerable to release to the atmosphere. High-centred polygonal terrain is a form of patterned ground that may act as a large source of carbon to the atmosphere because thawing ice wedges can result in increased ground temperatures, soil moisture, and thaw depth. To evaluate the effect of ice wedge degradation on carbon flux, carbon emissions were characterized at two polygonal peatlands in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands in northern Canada. Opaque chambers were used to measure CO2 and CH4 emissions from nine nondegraded polygon centres and nine moderately degraded troughs four times during the growing season. To measure emissions from 10 ponds resulting from severe ice wedge degradation, wind diffusion models were used to characterize fluxes using CO2 and CH4 concentration measurements made in each pond. Our field data show that degraded troughs had increased ground temperature, deeper active layers, and increased CO2 and CH4 emissions. Our study shows that rates of CO2 and CH4 emissions from high-centreed polygonal terrain are likely to increase with more widespread melt pond formation in this terrain type.[Martin, Abra F.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Carleton UniversityLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; ArcticNet; Polar Shelf Continental Project; University of VictoriaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; ArcticNet; Polar Shelf Continental Project; University of VictoriaThe authors would like to thank Ciara Sharpe, Steve Kokelj, Becky Segal, and Chanda Brietzke for assistance in the field and laboratory. Funding for this project was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, ArcticNet, the Polar Shelf Continental Project, and the University of Victoria. A.F.M. and T.C.L. conceived the study, A.F.M. and T.C.L. collected the data, A.F.M., E.R.H., and T.C.L. analysed the data, and A.F.M., T.C.L., and E.R.H. wrote the manuscript.601010<180 Day Usage Count>433CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.MAR201841130145
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-001116Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsGM5FOGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004381582000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastland, IllisarvikNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087942
Ice-Wedge Evidence of Holocene Winter Warming in the Canadian Arctic
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSEASTERN BERINGIA; GROUND ICE; ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; LATE WISCONSINAN; GARRY-ISLAND; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; RECONSTRUCTION; PALEOCLIMATEHolland, KM; Porter, TJ; Froese, DG; Kokelj, SV; Buchanan, CAHolland, Kira M.; Porter, Trevor J.; Froese, Duane G.; Kokelj, Steven V.; Buchanan, Casey A.EnglishArctic summer temperatures mostly cooled over the last similar to 7 kyr, owing to decreasing summer insolation. However, knowledge of the winter season is limited in the Arctic paleoclimate literature. Here we develop a composite record of delta O-18 from ice wedges-a winter precipitation archive-to reconstruct changes in winter climate in the northwestern Canadian Arctic since similar to 7.4 kyr b2k. Our record shows a long-term delta O-18 enrichment (+(0.14 +/- 0.10) kyr(-1)), suggesting winter temperatures increased since the mid-Holocene, a finding that is corroborated by reconstructions from the Siberian Arctic. Winter warming over the last similar to 7 kyr is consistent with increasing winter insolation and greenhouse gas forcing. This study provides some of the first insights on the sensitivity of winter temperatures in the Canadian Arctic to past, and potentially future, climate forcings, and contributes to a more seasonally holistic understanding of the Arctic system. Plain Language Summary The history of climate change during the last 11,700 years, a period known as the Holocene Epoch, has been traditionally studied using natural climate proxies such as tree rings or pollen in the sedimentary record. Such records allow us to better understand past climate variability in response to changing greenhouse gas concentrations, solar radiation, and other boundary conditions. However, most traditional climate proxies are biological and sensitive mainly to growing-season conditions, whereas changes in cold-season conditions are not well described in the literature. This is especially true in the Arctic where recent climate warming has been most pronounced in the winter season, but few cold-season-specific proxy records are available. In this study, we develop a similar to 7,400-year record of the delta O-18 isotope composition of relict ice wedges in the northwestern Canadian Arctic, a proxy type that is specifically sensitive to cold-season conditions. We observe a long-term increase in ice-wedge delta O-18 over the past similar to 7,400 years, indicating warming winter temperatures since the mid-Holocene. This warming corresponds to increasing winter solar radiation and greenhouse gas concentrations and is in agreement with recent reports from ice wedges in the Siberian Arctic.[Holland, Kira M.; Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Froese, Duane G.; Buchanan, Casey A.] Univ Alberta, Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; University of AlbertaPorter, TJ (corresponding author), Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON, Canada.trevor.porter@utoronto.caPorter, Trevor/0000-0002-5916-1998; Holland, Kira/0000-0002-4228-8976NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship; POLAR Northern Scientific Program Grant; GSA Graduate Student Research Grant; NSERC; NRCan Polar Continental Shelf Program GrantNSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); POLAR Northern Scientific Program Grant; GSA Graduate Student Research Grant; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NRCan Polar Continental Shelf Program GrantWe thank Alejandro Alvarez, Joel Pumple, Alison Criscitiello, and Elissa Short for their contribution to this project. We thank Thomas Opel for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank Editor Valerie Trouet, Hanno Meyer, and one anonymous reviewer for their feedback that led to an improved paper. Funding was provided by the NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship, POLAR Northern Scientific Program Grant, and GSA Graduate Student Research Grant to K. H.; NSERC Discovery Grants to T. J. P. and D. F.; and a NRCan Polar Continental Shelf Program Grant to T. J. P.711111<180 Day Usage Count>38AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JUN 2820204712
e2020GL087942
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087942http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL08794210Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyMO3YE2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005514648000340 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12256
Inter-annual variation in environmental factors affect the prey and body condition of beluga whales in the eastern Beaufort Sea
ArticleMARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIESFatty acid signatures; Delphinapterus leucas; Beaufort Sea; Arctic; Stable isotope ratios; Climate change; Dietary tracers; Body conditionTISSUE-DIET DISCRIMINATION; ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; POLAR BEARS; FATTY-ACIDS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; NITROGEN-ISOTOPE; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; ICEChoy, ES; Rosenberg, B; Roth, JD; Loseto, LLChoy, Emily S.; Rosenberg, Bruno; Roth, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishDeclines in individual growth rates in eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas over the past 20 yr are hypothesized to be the result of changing environmental conditions. To better understand short-term variation in diet, we examined inter-annual variation in body condition indices, fatty acid composition, and stable isotope ratios in EBS beluga whales in relation to environmental conditions. We also examined if differences in dietary tracers in beluga whales reflect sex-and size-based habitat selection. During a warm year anomaly (2012), belugas demonstrated greater overlap in dietary tracers among sex and size classes, whereas greater differences occurred during years with greater sea ice extent over the Mackenzie Shelf (2013 and 2014). Body condition indices (maximum girth and blubber thickness) were highest in belugas in 2011 and 2012 and lowest in 2014. Total Calanus markers 20: 1n-9 and 22: 1n-11 contributed the most to annual variability and had the lowest proportions in females and small males in 2014, a year that coincided with low Arctic cod Boreogadus saida biomass. Age and year were the strongest predictors of fatty acid composition and delta C-13 values in beluga whales, whereas length influenced delta N-15 values, possibly a reflection of larger whales diving to greater depths to feed on Arctic cod. Annual variability in sea ice conditions and prey availability may be associated with inter-annual variation in dietary tracers and condition in beluga whales. As Arctic marine ecosystems are currently undergoing rapid change, understanding the factors causing interannual variation in diet should be a conservation priority for this beluga whale population.[Choy, Emily S.; Roth, James D.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Rosenberg, Bruno; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaChoy, ES (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.choye@myumanitoba.caRoth, James/N-4178-2016; Loseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020; Choy, Emily Sarah/I-7105-2019Roth, James/0000-0002-0296-2786; Choy, Emily Sarah/0000-0002-4703-4318; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XNatural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship; UNESCO-L'Oreal Women in Science PhD Mentorship Fellowship; E.S. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America (AINA); Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (ACUNS) W. Garfield Weston Northern Doctoral Research Award; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Students Training Program; Northern Contaminants Program; Hunters and Trappers Committee of Inuvik; Hunters and Trappers Committee of Tuktoyaktuk; Hunters and Trappers Committee of PaulatukNatural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship; UNESCO-L'Oreal Women in Science PhD Mentorship Fellowship; E.S. Scherer Memorial Scholarship; Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship; Arctic Institute of North America (AINA); Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (ACUNS) W. Garfield Weston Northern Doctoral Research Award; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Students Training Program; Northern Contaminants Program; Hunters and Trappers Committee of Inuvik; Hunters and Trappers Committee of Tuktoyaktuk; Hunters and Trappers Committee of PaulatukThis project was supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Doctoral Scholarship, UNESCO-L'Oreal Women in Science PhD Mentorship Fellowship, E.S. Scherer Memorial Scholarship, Lorraine Allison Memorial Scholarship, Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) Grant-in-Aid Program, and the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (ACUNS) W. Garfield Weston Northern Doctoral Research Award to E.C. Project funding was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, Northern Students Training Program, and the Northern Contaminants Program. We thank beluga monitors Frank and Nellie Pokiak, John Day, Brandon Green, and Kenny Rogers for collecting tissues, as well as research assistants Kendra Tingmiak and Melanie Rogers. We also thank Christa Burstahler for statistical insights and Carolina Giraldo for insights on fatty acids. We are grateful for the support and partnerships of the Hunters and Trappers Committees of Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, and Paulatuk. We would like to thank our reviewers for their valuable feedback.701718<180 Day Usage Count>580INTER-RESEARCHOLDENDORF LUHENORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY0171-86301616-1599MAR ECOL PROG SERMar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.SEP 142017579213225
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12256http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps1225613Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyFR5EXGreen Published2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004190908000150 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth Slave, South SlaveGreat Slave LakeNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144614
Inter-annual variation of mercury in aquatic bird eggs and fish from a large subarctic lake under a warming climate
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMercury; Herring gull eggs; Great Slave Lake; Fish; Wildfire; Minamata ConventionGREAT SLAVE LAKE; GULLS LARUS-ARGENTATUS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOREST-FIRE; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENTS; TRANSPORT; CANADA; RIVERHebert, CE; Chetelat, J; Beck, R; Dolgova, S; Fordy, K; Kirby, P; Martin, P; Rabesca, MHebert, Craig E.; Chetelat, John; Beck, Roger; Dolgova, Svetlana; Fordy, Kathleen; Kirby, Patrick; Martin, Pamela; Rabesca, MoiseEnglishUnderstanding changes in environmental mercury concentrations is important for assessing the risk to human and wildlife populations from this potent toxicant. Here, we use herring gull (Lana argentatus) eggs to evaluate temporal changes in total mercury (THg) availability from two locations on Great Slave Lake (GSL), Northwest Territories, Canada. Egg THg concentrations increased through time, but this change was due to shifts in gull diets. Stable nitrogen isotopes allowed adjustment of egg THg concentrations for dietary changes. Diet-adjusted egg THg concentrations showed no long-term trend. Consistent with that result, new statistical analysis of THg concentrations in three species of GSL fish showed minor or no temporal changes. Although a long-term trend was absent, inter-year differences in adjusted egg THg concentrations persisted. Contributions of environmental variables (i.e., river flow, lake level, air temperature, precipitation, and wildfire) to these differences were investigated. Egg THg concentrations were greater following years of lower lake levels and greater wildfire extent. Lake level could have affected mercury methylation. Increased wildfire could have enhanced terrestrial Hg releases to the atmosphere where it was transported long distances to GSL. Climate change may increase wildfire extent with impacts on Hg bioaccumulation in northern ecosystems. Egg Hg levels reported here are unlikely to pose health risks to gulls, but in light of ongoing environmental change, monitoring should continue. Our study emphasizes the importance of ancillary datasets in elucidating Hg trends; such information will be critical for evaluating the effectiveness of Hg mitigation strategies implemented as part of the Minamata Convention. Crown Copyright (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.[Hebert, Craig E.; Chetelat, John; Dolgova, Svetlana] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ecotoxicot & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Beck, Roger] Ft Resolut Metis Council, Ft Resolut, NT X0E 0M0, Canada; [Fordy, Kathleen] Deninu Kue First Nat, Ft Resolut, NT X0E 0M0, Canada; [Kirby, Patrick] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Martin, Pamela] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada; [Rabesca, Moise] Tlicho First Nat, Behchoko, NT X0E 0Y0, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaHebert, CE (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Branch, Ecotoxicot & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.craig.hebert@canada.caChetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203ECCC's Chemicals Management Plan; Oil Sands Monitoring ProgramECCC's Chemicals Management Plan; Oil Sands Monitoring ProgramThe authors thank the Deninu Kue First Nation, the Fort Resolution Metis Council, and the Tlicho First Nation for facilitating this research and for allowing sample collections on their traditional lands. Staff from ECCC's Canadian Wildlife Service: J.F. Dufour, Marie Fast, Danica Hogan, Karla Langlois, Paul Latour, Troy Marsh, Steve Moore, Myra Robertson, Jacques Sirois, Mark Wasiuta, Mark Wayland, and Paul Woodard are thanked for collecting eggs in the North Arm. Ronald Beaulieu and Stanley Louine (Fort Resolution) are thanked for providing boat transport to Egg Island. Jon Pasher (ECCC) coordinated the wildfire analysis. Elise Belle Rose assisted with the compilation of fish THg data. Kimberley Hughes (Broadwing Biological Consulting) provided data management expertise. Thanks to Emily Porter, Michelle Zanuttig, and Robyn Lima (ECCC) for conducting the THg analyses and Francois Cyr (ECCC) for the fatty acid analyses. Andy Murray and Jeff Costa (ECCC) produced the maps. The University of Ottawa's Jan Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory conducted the stable isotope analyses. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Dr. Mae Sexauer Gustin for comments that improved the manuscript. ECCC's Chemicals Management Plan provided partial funding for this research. In addition, this workwas funded under the Oil Sands Monitoring Program and is a contribution to the Program but does not necessarily reflect the position of the Program.7133<180 Day Usage Count>116ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.APR 202021766
144614
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144614http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1446142021-01-01 00:00:0011Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyQG6EO33421792hybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0006176768001080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUlukhaktokYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003224741800027X
Inuit adaptability to changing environmental conditions over an 11-year period in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories
ArticlePOLAR RECORDCLIMATE-CHANGE VULNERABILITY; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; ADAPTATION; COMMUNITY; KNOWLEDGE; FRAMEWORK; NUNAVUT; POLICY; LIFEFawcett, D; Pearce, T; Notaina, R; Ford, JD; Collings, PFawcett, David; Pearce, Tristan; Notaina, Roland; Ford, James D.; Collings, PeterEnglishCurrent understanding of climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability among Inuit in the Arctic is relatively static, rooted in the community and time that case studies were conducted. This paper captures the dynamism of Inuit-climate relationships by applying a longitudinal approach to assessing vulnerability to climate change among Inuit in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, Canada. Data were collected in 2005 and 2016 following a consistent methodology and analytical framework. Findings from the studies are analysed comparatively together with longitudinal datasets. The data reveal that many of the climatic changes recorded in 2005 that adversely affected hunting activities have been observed to be persisting or progressing, such as decreasing sea ice thickness and extent, and stronger and more consistent summer winds. Inuit are responding by altering travel routes and equipment, taking greater pre-trip precautions, and concentrating their efforts on more efficient and accessible hunts. Increasing living and subsistence costs and time-constraints, changes in the generation and transmission of environmental knowledge and land skills, and the concentration of country food sharing networks were identified as key constraints to adaptation. The findings indicate that the connections between subsistence activities and the wage economy are central to understanding how Inuit experience and respond to climate change.[Fawcett, David; Pearce, Tristan] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia; [Notaina, Roland] Community Ulukhaktok, Ulukhaktok, NT, Canada; [Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Ford, James D.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Collings, Peter] Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniversity of Guelph; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of Leeds; McGill University; State University System of Florida; University of FloridaFawcett, D (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.fawcettd@uoguelph.ca; tpearce@uoguelph.caPearce, Tristan/L-9139-2019; Fawcett, David/AAG-5824-2020; Ford, James/A-4284-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Collings, Peter/0009-0004-7021-6541ArcticNet Project 1.1: Community Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in the Arctic; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant; Northern Scientific Training Program; Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship; University of GuelphArcticNet Project 1.1: Community Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in the Arctic; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant; Northern Scientific Training Program; Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship; University of GuelphThe research was supported by ArcticNet Project 1.1: Community Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in the Arctic, a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant, the Northern Scientific Training Program, an Arthur D. Latornell Travel Grant, an Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship, and University of Guelph graduate scholarships.532121<180 Day Usage Count>013CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSNEW YORK32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA0032-24741475-3057POLAR RECPOLAR REC.MAR2018542119132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003224741800027Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003224741800027X14Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyGP2MJBronze, Green Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004406674000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUlukhaktok, Amundsen GulfYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0018
Inuit observations of a Tunicata bloom unusual for the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEappendicularian; Amundsen Gulf; Inuit observation; climate change; knowledge; co; production. Uumayut hauniitut; Admundsen Gulfmi; Inuit tautukpaktait; Nunam; aalangujuhia; ilihimaliktavut attauttitun havaklutaVERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; BERING-SEA; ZOOPLANKTON; SUMMER; INGESTION; KNOWLEDGE; HABITATS; PATTERNS; ALASKAPettitt-Wade, H; Pearce, T; Kuptana, D; Gallagher, CP; Scharffenberg, K; Lea, EV; Hussey, NE; Loseto, LLPettitt-Wade, Harri; Pearce, Tristan; Kuptana, David; Gallagher, Colin P.; Scharffenberg, Kevin; Lea, Ellen, V; Hussey, Nigel E.; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishInuit are at the forefront of ecosystem change in the Arctic, yet their observations and interpretations are rarely reported in the literature. Climate change impacts are rapidly unfolding in the Arctic and there is a need for monitoring and reporting unique observations. In this short communication, we draw upon observations and experiential knowledge from western Canadian Inuit (Inuvialuit) harvesters combined with a scientific assessment to describe and interpret an unusual account of gelatinous organisms at high densities during summer 2019 in eastern Amundsen Gulf, near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories. The gelatinous organisms were identified as primarily appendicularian larvaceans (Oikopleura spp., pelagic tunicates) and their gelatinous houses. The organisms were observed within 3-5 km of the marine coast, from similar to 1-2 m below the surface and to depths of similar to 30 m with an underwater camera. Pelagic tunicates have rarely been documented in the eastern Amundsen Gulf and, to our knowledge, this was the first time these organisms had been noted by the people of Ulukhaktok. The pelagic tunicates clogged subsistence fishing nets and Inuvialuit harvesters were concerned about negative impacts to marine mammals and fishes, which they depend on for food security. These interpretations highlight major knowledge gaps for appendicularians in the Arctic.[Pettitt-Wade, Harri; Hussey, Nigel E.] Univ Windsor, Integrat Biol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Northern British Columbia, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada; [Kuptana, David] Olokhaktomiut Hunters & Trappers Comm, Ulukhaktok, NT X0E 0S0, Canada; [Gallagher, Colin P.; Scharffenberg, Kevin; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Lea, Ellen, V] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 1871, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa L.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, 594 Wallace Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaUniversity of Windsor; University of Northern British Columbia; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of ManitobaPettitt-Wade, H (corresponding author), Univ Windsor, Integrat Biol, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.pettitth@uwindsor.caPettitt-Wade, Harri/G-8074-2011Pettitt-Wade, Harri/0000-0002-2729-928X; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XFisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC); Beaufort Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA); Fisheries and Oceans Canada focused on fish movements and ecosystem processes along the marine coast near Ulukhaktok through scientific and TK approaches ('Ulukhaktok Fish Tagging Project'); ArcticNet [33]; Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response network (MEOPAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair ProgramFisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC); Beaufort Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA); Fisheries and Oceans Canada focused on fish movements and ecosystem processes along the marine coast near Ulukhaktok through scientific and TK approaches ('Ulukhaktok Fish Tagging Project'); ArcticNet; Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response network (MEOPAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Research Chair Program(Canada Research Chairs)The authors thank the Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee (OHTC) for project guidance, Bella Kuptana for her account of observations that were included in David's description, Isaac Inuktalik and Ross Klengenberg for assistance in sample collection, and Kathleen Snow and Joanne Ogina for supplying additional images and video footage. We are grateful for the suggested changes from the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers that helped improve this manuscript prior to publication. Thank you to Helen Kitekudlak for translating the document to Inuinnaqtun (Supplementary File S11). Study protocols were approved by Institutional Review Boards at the University of Northern British Columbia and the OHTC. This research was conducted as part of a larger research program funded by the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC), the Beaufort Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada focused on fish movements and ecosystem processes along the marine coast near Ulukhaktok through scientific and TK approaches ('Ulukhaktok Fish Tagging Project'; https://rsea.inuvialuit.com/Activities); and ArcticNet Project #33: using co-produced knowledge to understand and manage subsistence marine harvest in a changing climate. Funding was also received from the Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response network (MEOPAR) for H.P.W., a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant for N. E.H and Canada Research Chair Program for T.P.4244<180 Day Usage Count>14CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP202063SI340351
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0018http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-001812Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsNT0WOGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005726725000120 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0172
Inuvialuit knowledge of Pacific salmon range expansion in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCESTRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS SPP.; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHUM SALMON; THERMAL LIMITS; DOLLY VARDEN; PINK SALMON; OCEAN; INUITChila, Z; Dunmall, KM; Proverbs, TA; Lantz, TCChila, Zander; Dunmall, Karen M.; Proverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.Aldavik Hunters Trappers Comm; Inuvik Hunters Trappers Comm; Sachs Harbour Hunters Trappers Com; Olokhaktomiut Hunters Trappers CoEnglishRapid climate change is altering Arctic ecosystems and significantly affecting the livelihoods and cultural traditions of Arctic Indigenous peoples. In the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), growing evidence suggests that climate change is altering marine environments. In this project we recorded and synthesized Inuvialuit knowledge of Pacific salmon. We used methods that are emergent in fisheries science to combine interview information with voluntary harvest data and better understand changes to salmon in the Arctic. We conducted 53 interviews with Inuvialuit fishers about the history of Pacific salmon harvest, how it has changed in recent decades, and concurrent changes to local environments and fish species. Our interviews show that historical, incidental salmon harvest in the ISR ranged from infrequent to common among western communities, but was rare or unprecedented among eastern communities. Participants in all six communities reported a recent increase in salmon harvest and attributed this shift to regional environmental change. Fishers were concerned that salmon would negatively affect their cultural traditions and preferred fish species. Given uncertainty about the effects of salmon on local fisheries, research on salmon in the Arctic, the likelihood of their establishment, and their potential to provide subsidies to Arctic freshwater ecosystems is vital.[Chila, Zander; Proverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Dunmall, Karen M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caFisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; University of Victoria; SSHRC Canada Graduate Scholarship; Weston Family Award for Northern Research; Tracking Change project [SSHRC 895-2015-102]Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; University of Victoria; SSHRC Canada Graduate Scholarship; Weston Family Award for Northern Research; Tracking Change projectFunding for this research was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Tracking Change project (SSHRC 895-2015-102), the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, the University of Victoria, a SSHRC Canada Graduate Scholarship, and a Weston Family Award for Northern Research.9355<180 Day Usage Count>13CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0706-652X1205-7533CAN J FISH AQUAT SCICan. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.JUL202279710421055
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0172http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0172DEC 202114Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology2S4AEhybrid2023-03-08WOS:0007896343000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk, Beaufort SeaYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0034
Inuvialuit traditional ecological knowledge of beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) under changing climatic conditions in Tuktoyaktuk, NT
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEArctic; climate change; traditional ecological knowledge; Indigenous; co-managementSETTLEMENT REGION; MARINE MAMMALS; ARCTIC BAY; INUIT; CANADA; SEA; MANAGEMENT; TEK; VULNERABILITY; COMANAGEMENTWaugh, D; Pearce, T; Ostertag, SK; Pokiak, V; Collings, P; Loseto, LLWaugh, Devin; Pearce, Tristan; Ostertag, Sonja K.; Pokiak, Verna; Collings, Peter; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishThis paper documents Inuvialuit traditional ecological knowledge of beluga, including ecology and behavior, hunting techniques, and food preparation under changing climatic conditions in Tuktoyaktuk, NT. Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an important food source for Inuvialuit in the western Canadian Arctic, a region that is experiencing dramatic climate change. Data were collected using semi-directed interviews with 17 Inuvialuit beluga harvesters and participant observation. The research found that Inuvialuit beluga harvesters possess detailed rational knowledge of beluga, particularly regarding hunting techniques and food preparation, both which are guided by a moral code about how to behave with respect to beluga. In terms of beluga ecology and behavior, Inuvialuit knowledge is limited to anecdotal reasoning drawing on generalized observations of beluga and the accounts of others. Inuvialuit are experiencing the effects of climate change, but seem to be coping thus far in the context of beluga harvesting but ongoing change in the region may increase the risks associated with hunting and preparing beluga in the future.[Waugh, Devin] Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia; [Ostertag, Sonja K.; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Cent & Arctic Reg, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Pokiak, Verna] Tuktoyaktuk Hunters & Trappers Comm, Tuktoyaktuk, NT X0E 1C0, Canada; [Collings, Peter] Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, 1112 Turlington Hall,Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniversity of the Sunshine Coast; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; State University System of Florida; University of FloridaWaugh, D (corresponding author), Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.waughd@uoguelph.caPearce, Tristan/L-9139-2019; Loseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020Collings, Peter/0009-0004-7021-6541willingness of the community of Tuktoyaktuk; Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee; Aurora Research Institute; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); SHERC; NSERC; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; ArcticNet Project 1.8 - Knowledge Co-Production for the Identification and Selection of Ecological, Social, and Economic Indicators for the Beaufort Seawillingness of the community of Tuktoyaktuk; Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee; Aurora Research Institute; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); SHERC; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Fisheries and Oceans Canada; ArcticNet Project 1.8 - Knowledge Co-Production for the Identification and Selection of Ecological, Social, and Economic Indicators for the Beaufort SeaThis paper would not be possible without the willingness of the community of Tuktoyaktuk to be open and supportive of the research. We would particularly like to thank the Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee for supporting the research in the community and providing feedback throughout the research process. We thank James Pokiak, Raymond Cockney, Boogie Pokiak, Lucky Pokiak, Charles Pokiak, Sam Gruben, Wayne Cockney, Roy Cockney, Raymond Mangelana, Sam Pingo, Willy Carpenter, Peter Nogasak, Frank Pokiak, Nellie Pokiak, Ron Felix, and two anonymous participants for graciously sharing their incredible knowledge of beluga, just a small facet of the collective knowledge of the environment in the community. The participants' kindness and enthusiasm for beluga made the research a pleasure to undertake. Thanks to Marie Puddister for her cartographic expertise in constructing the figures used. Finally, we acknowledge financial support from the Aurora Research Institute, the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP), SHERC, NSERC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and ArcticNet Project 1.8 - Knowledge Co-Production for the Identification and Selection of Ecological, Social, and Economic Indicators for the Beaufort Sea.561717<180 Day Usage Count>339CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP201843SI242258
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0034http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-003417Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsGT2AGGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004442801000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUplands east of InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12572
Identifying the influence of terrestrial-aquatic connectivity on palaeoecological inferences of past climate in Arctic lakes
ArticleBOREASMACKENZIE DELTA; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; THAW SLUMPS; PERMAFROST; ICE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; EUTROPHICATION; CHIRONOMIDAE; TEMPERATURESNiemeyer, AM; Medeiros, AS; Todd, A; Wolfe, BBNiemeyer, Alannah M.; Medeiros, Andrew S.; Todd, Anthony; Wolfe, Brent B.EnglishIncreased hydrological connectivity due to permafrost degradation is likely to have substantial implications for shallow aquatic systems common to sub-arctic landscapes due to changes to overland and subsurface flow of water and transport of sediments and dissolved nutrients. Here, we explore the influence of increased connectivity on aquatic productivity based on multi-parameter palaeolimnological analysis of two lakes located near Inuvik (Northwest Territories, Canada). We contrast a lake with little evidence of permafrost degradation in the surrounding area (Lake PG03) to one that has multiple connections to the terrestrial landscape through a network of thaw polygons in the lake catchment (Lake PG09). Comparisons of biological indicators (chironomids) and organic carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotope composition reveal recent divergent lake histories. The chironomid assemblage of Lake PG03 followed an expected temperature gradient, with a warming signal evident since similar to 1970 CE, whereas the chironomid assemblage of Lake PG09 was found to primarily respond to nutrient availability and changes in habitat, likely as a result of increasing hydrological connectivity to the landscape. Rapid assemblage and habitat change along with a prominent increase in chironomid abundance were observed at Lake PG09 after similar to 1960 CE, following a shift to greater inputs from the terrestrial environment as indicated by high C:N ratios (>15) and low delta C-13(org) (-30 parts per thousand). Increased aquatic productivity following high allochthonous additions (similar to 1960-2014 CE) is supported by decreased C:N and rapidly increasing organic matter (C-org, N). These results demonstrate that increased connectivity along the terrestrial-aquatic interface for lakes is likely to foster elevated productivity in the future. Likewise, increased production poses a challenge to chironomid-inferred July air temperature reconstructions in lakes that are less resilient to secondary gradients, where analogue mismatches can occur due to shifts in dominance of indicators that are orthogonal to the temperature gradient.[Niemeyer, Alannah M.; Medeiros, Andrew S.] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Todd, Anthony; Wolfe, Brent B.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaDalhousie University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityMedeiros, AS (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.andrew.medeiros@dal.caPolar Continental Shelf Project; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Wilfrid Laurier University (AT) Dalhousie UniversityPolar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Wilfrid Laurier University (AT) Dalhousie UniversityFunding for this project was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Project, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery awarded to BBW). Additional student support was provided by Wilfrid Laurier University (AT) Dalhousie University (AMN). Radiometric analysis and assistance with interpretation was provided by Johan Wiklund. Logistical support was provided by the Aurora Research Institute. We are thankful to Connor Nishikawa, Alexandria Soontiens-Olsen, and Kathleen Hipwell for their laboratory assistance. We are grateful to Suzanne Tank and Cait Carew for fieldwork support. We also thank Dr Maarten van Hardenbroek, as well as the two anonymous reviewers and editor for insight and comments on drafts of this manuscript. This research was conducted with a scientific research permit (#15403) granted by the Aurora Research Institute, as well as permission from the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.6700<180 Day Usage Count>24WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0300-94831502-3885BOREASBoreasAPR2022512451464
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12572http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.125722021-12-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology0P2AN2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007282119000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1951949
Impact of long-term fertilizer and summer warming treatments on bulk soil and birch rhizosphere microbial communities in mesic arctic tundra
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHClimate change; nitrogen and phosphate fertilization; Betula glandulosa; ectomycorrhizal fungi; soil community diversityBACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; CARBON; AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENTS; SEQUENCES; BOREAL; PLANTSMcKnight, MM; Grogan, P; Walker, VKMcKnight, Michelle M.; Grogan, Paul; Walker, Virginia K.EnglishRecent climate warming in the Arctic is enhancing microbial decomposition of soil organic matter, which may result in globally significant greenhouse gas releases to the atmosphere. To better predict future impacts, bacterial and fungal community structures in both the bulk soil and the rhizosphere of Arctic birch, Betula glandulosa, were determined in control, greenhouse summer warming, and annual factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) addition treatments twelve years after their establishment. DNA sequence analyses at multiple taxonomic levels consistently indicated substantial bulk soil and rhizosphere microbial community differences among the fertilization treatments but no significant greenhouse effects. These results suggest that climate warming will likely increase the activity rates of soil microbial decomposers but without substantially altering the structure of either the bacterial or fungal communities. Differential abundance testing revealed changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal species of the genus Thelephora in both bulk soil and rhizosphere, with increases in their relative abundance in P and N + P amended plots compared with warming and controls. Because birch is the principal low Arctic ectomycorrhizal host, our results suggest that these fungi may promote this shrub's competitiveness where tundra soil nutrient availability is enhanced by warming or other means, ultimately contributing to arctic vegetation greening.[McKnight, Michelle M.; Grogan, Paul; Walker, Virginia K.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [McKnight, Michelle M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, CanadaQueens University - Canada; University of WaterlooWalker, VK (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.walkervk@queensu.caWalker, Virginia/0000-0001-5869-8905; McKnight, Michelle/0000-0001-6061-3309Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grantsNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grants(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery grants to V.K.W. and P.G.6311<180 Day Usage Count>630TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.JAN 22021531196211
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1951949http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.195194916Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyTY2BAgold2023-03-14WOS:0006835889000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBanks IslandNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121892
Impacts of Climate Change and Intensive Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) Activity on Surface Water in High Arctic Pond Complexes
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGtundra ponds; Arctic wetlands; desiccation; Landsat; aerial photographs; global change; protected areasVEGETATION; PERMAFROST; LAKES; GEESE; TRANSFORMATION; ENVIRONMENT; EMISSIONS; SALINITY; DYNAMICS; WETLANDSCampbell, TKF; Lantz, TC; Fraser, RHCampbell, T. Kiyo F.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Fraser, Robert H.EnglishRapid increases in air temperature in Arctic and subarctic regions are driving significant changes to surface waters. These changes and their impacts are not well understood in sensitive high-Arctic ecosystems. This study explores changes in surface water in the high Arctic pond complexes of western Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Landsat imagery (1985-2015) was used to detect sub-pixel trends in surface water. Comparison of higher resolution aerial photographs (1958) and satellite imagery (2014) quantified changes in the size and distribution of waterbodies. Field sampling investigated factors contributing to the observed changes. The impact of expanding lesser snow goose populations and other biotic or abiotic factors on observed changes in surface water were also investigated using an information theoretic model selection approach. Our analyses show that the pond complexes of western Banks Island lost 7.9% of the surface water that existed in 1985. Drying disproportionately impacted smaller sized waterbodies, indicating that climate is the main driver. Model selection showed that intensive occupation by lesser snow geese was associated with more extensive drying and draining of waterbodies and suggests this intensive habitat use may reduce the resilience of pond complexes to climate warming. Changes in surface water are likely altering permafrost, vegetation, and the utility of these areas for animals and local land-users, and should be investigated further.[Campbell, T. Kiyo F.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Lantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.tkcampbell@uvic.ca; tlantz@uvic.ca; robert.fraser@canada.caPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); University of VictoriaPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)(Canadian Space Agency); University of VictoriaThis research was funded by: The Polar Continental Shelf Program; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; the Northern Scientific Training Program; the Canadian Space Agency Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP); and the University of Victoria.7366<180 Day Usage Count>013MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.DEC20181012
1892
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121892http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1012189222Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyHH3RSGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004556376000340 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlandsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2143
Impacts of ecological succession and climate warming on permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins of the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESclimate change; drained lake; permafrost; tundraWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; GREAT SLAVE LOWLAND; SURFACE GROUND ICE; THERMOKARST-LAKE; MACKENZIE DELTA; LONG-TERM; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MAPPING PERMAFROST; TUNDRA; TEMPERATURELantz, TC; Zhang, Y; Kokelj, SVLantz, Trevor C.; Zhang, Yu; Kokelj, Steven V.EnglishRapidly increasing air temperatures will alter permafrost conditions across the Arctic, but variation in soils, vegetation, snow conditions, and their effects on ground thermal regime complicate prediction across spatial and temporal scales. Processes that result in the emergence of new surfaces (lake drainage, channel migration, isostatic uplift, etc.) provide an opportunity to assess the factors influencing permafrost aggradation and terrain evolution under a warming climate. In this study we describe ground temperatures, vegetation, and snow and soil conditions at six drained lake basins (DLBs) that have exposed new terrain in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands in the last 20-100 years. We also use one-dimensional thermal modeling to assess the impact of ecological succession and future climate scenarios on permafrost conditions in historical and future DLBs. Our field observations show that deep snow pack and shallow organic layers at shrub-dominated DLBs promote increased thaw depth and ground temperatures compared to a sedge-dominated DLB and two ancient DLB reference sites. Modeling of past and future drainages shows that climate warming projected under RCP 8.5 will reduce rates of permafrost aggradation and thickness, and drive top-down thaw that could degrade permafrost in shrub-dominated DLBs by the end of the century. Permafrost at sedge-dominated sites was more resilient to warming under RCP 8.5, with the onset of top-down thaw delayed until about 2080. Together, this indicates that the effects of ecological succession on organic soil development and snow drifting will strongly influence the aggradation and resilience of permafrost in DLBs. Our analysis suggests that DLBs and other emergent landscapes will be the first permafrost-free environments to develop under a warming climate in the continuous permafrost zone.[Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Zhang, Yu] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Lantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caLantz, Trevor/0000-0001-5643-1537NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation [29467]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 06210-2018]; Trends Program; Western Arctic Research CentreNWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Trends Program; Western Arctic Research CentreThis research project was supported by funding from the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation (LOF: 29467: T.C.L.)., and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 06210-2018: T.C.L.). We also acknowledge support from the Earth Observation for Cumulative Effects project in Natural Resources Canada's Status and Trends Program, and the Western Arctic Research Centre. The authors thank Abra Martin, Claire Marchildon, Miles Dillon, Emmanuel Adam, Douglas Esagok, Rebecca Segal, Jordan Seider, Hana Travers-Smith, Robert Fraser, Ciara Sharpe, and Angel Chen for assistance in the field, and Brendan O'Neill, and two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions improved an earlier version of the manuscript. NTGS contribution #0418.10811<180 Day Usage Count>719WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.APR2022332176192
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2143http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21432022-04-01 00:00:0017Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology0V3PT2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007820652000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaDempster Highway, Peel PlateauNAcademicYhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26867463
Impacts of Road Dust on Small Subarctic Lake Systems
ArticleARCTICroad dust; water chemistry; regional warming; palcolimnology; diatom assemblagesNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SCALED CHRYSOPHYTES; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; CUMULATIVE IMPACTS; PERMAFROST THAW; WATER-QUALITY; PEEL PLATEAU; CLIMATE; ICE; ONTARIOZhu, L; Anello, R; Ruhland, KM; Pisaric, MFJ; Kokelj, SV; Prince, T; Smol, JPZhu, Liang; Anello, Rebecca; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Pisaric, Michael F. J.; Kokelj, Steven, V; Prince, Tyler; Smol, John P.EnglishArctic regions have been experiencing increasing pressures from multiple environmental stressors, most notably rapid climate change and human development. Previous research has demonstrated the impacts of calcareous dust from gravel roads on surrounding vegetation and permafrost, whereas aquatic systems have remained largely unstudied. Here, we explore whether 1) the chronic generation of dust from the 740 km long Dempster Highway has affected water chemistry and diatom assemblages in lakes in the Peel Plateau region of the Northwest Territories, and 2) accelerated regional warming has affected these lakes. A suite of 27 water chemistry variables was assessed from 28 lakes along a 40 m-26 km distance from the highway. Paleolimnological analyses of biological proxies (diatoms, visible reflectance spectroscopy-derived chlorophyll-a, and an index of chrysophyte scales to diatoms [S:D]) were undertaken on dated sediment cores from two lakes near the highway and one lake situated far from the highway, outside the expected range of dust transport. Conductivity and calcium exhibited a wide range of measurements across our 28 sites; lakes within 1 km of the highway generally exhibited higher ions and related variables than more distant lakes. Analyses of diatom assemblages indicated that the two shallower sites near the highway underwent modest compositional changes over the past approximately 100 years, whereas changes recorded at the farther site were more pronounced. The diatom records, supported by chlorophyll-a and S:D indices, indicated that changes in both the near and far lakes were consistent with warming, with little discernable impact from road dust. Whilst chemical changes associated with the half-century old highway corridor appear clear, they are not yet of sufficient magnitude to elicit a directional biological response in algal assemblages.[Zhu, Liang; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Zhu, Liang] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, 45 Alderney Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada; [Anello, Rebecca; Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog & Tourism Studies, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, 4601-B 52 Ave,POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Prince, Tyler] Brock Univ, Sustainabil Sci & Soc, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Brock University; Brock University; Brock UniversityZhu, L (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Zhu, L (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water Qual Monitoring & Surveillance, 45 Alderney Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6, Canada.liang.zhu23@gmail.comNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program [610-14, 609-15]; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Taiga Environmental Laboratory, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest TerritoriesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Taiga Environmental Laboratory, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest TerritoriesThe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) provided funding for this research to M.F.J. Pisaric and J.P. Smol through the NSERC Discovery Grants program and the Discovery Grants-Northern Research Supplements Program. The Polar Continental Shelf Program kindly provided funding to M.F.J. Pisaric for helicopter support to collect water samples and lake sediment cores (Project #610-14 and 609-15). Logistical support was provided by the Aurora Research Institute and Gwich'in Helicopters. Field assistance was kindly provided by Caitlin Garner and Joshua Thienpont. Financial support for water chemistry analyses was kindly provided by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program and Taiga Environmental Laboratory, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories. Travel support for R. Anello was graciously provided by the Northern Scientific Training Program. The authors would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive comments that have helped improve the manuscript.8366<180 Day Usage Count>013ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticDEC2019724434457
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic69527http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic6952724Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyJX0OA2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005034423000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00179
Impacts of the Changing Ocean-Sea Ice System on the Key Forage Fish Arctic Cod (Boreogadus Saida) and Subsistence Fisheries in the Western Canadian Arctic-Evaluating Linked Climate, Ecosystem and Economic (CEE) Models
ArticleFRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCEclimate change; Arctic cod; subsistence fisheries; Canadian Arctic; Arctic change; Arctic ecosystemsCAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; ALGAE-PRODUCED CARBON; POLAR COD; BEAUFORT SEA; CARDIAC-PERFORMANCE; BOWHEAD WHALES; ANTARCTIC FISH; GADUS-MORHUA; FATTY-ACID; FOODSteiner, NS; Cheung, WWL; Cisneros-Montemayor, AM; Drost, H; Hayashida, H; Hoover, C; Lam, J; Sou, T; Sumaila, UR; Suprenand, P; Tai, TC; VanderZwaag, DLSteiner, Nadja S.; Cheung, William W. L.; Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres M.; Drost, Helen; Hayashida, Hakase; Hoover, Cade; Lam, Jen; Sou, Tessa; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Suprenand, Paul; Tai, Travis C.; VanderZwaag, David L.EnglishThis study synthesizes results from observations, laboratory experiments and models to showcase how the integration of scientific methods and indigenous knowledge can improve our understanding of (a) past and projected changes in environmental conditions and marine species; (b) their effects on social and ecological systems in the respective communities; and (c) support management and planning tools for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The study links climate-ecosystem-economic (CEE) models and discusses uncertainties within those tools. The example focuses on the key forage species in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (Western Canadian Arctic), i.e., Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida). Arctic cod can be trophically linked to sea-ice algae and pelagic primary producers and are key vectors for energy transfers from plankton to higher trophic levels (e.g., ringed seals, beluga), which are harvested by Inuit peoples. Fundamental changes in ice and ocean conditions in the region affect the marine ecosystem and fish habitat. Model simulations suggest increasing trends in oceanic phytoplankton and sea-ice algae with high interannual variability. The latter might be linked to interannual variations in Arctic cod abundance and mask trends in observations. CEE simulations incorporating physiological temperature limits data for the distribution of Arctic cod, result in an estimated 17% decrease in Arctic cod populations by the end of the century (high emission scenario), but suggest increases in abundance for other Arctic and sub-Arctic species. The Arctic cod decrease is largely caused by increased temperatures and constraints in northward migration, and could directly impact key subsistence species. Responses to acidification are still highly uncertain, but sensitivity simulations suggests an additional 1% decrease in Arctic cod populations due to pH impacts on growth and survival. Uncertainties remain with respect to detailed future changes, but general results are likely correct and in line with results from other approaches. To reduce uncertainties, higher resolution models with improved parameterizations and better understanding of the species' physiological limits are required. Arctic communities should be directly involved, receive tools and training to conduct local, unified research and food chain monitoring while decisions regarding commercial fisheries will need to be precautionary and adaptive in light of the existing uncertainties.[Steiner, Nadja S.; Drost, Helen; Sou, Tessa] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Cheung, William W. L.; Cisneros-Montemayor, Andres M.; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Tai, Travis C.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Drost, Helen] Sheluqun Environm, Saltspring, BC, Canada; [Hayashida, Hakase] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Hayashida, Hakase] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Hoover, Cade] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Hoover, Cade] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Lam, Jen] Inuvialuit Settlement Reg, Inuvik, NT, Canada; [Suprenand, Paul] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA; [VanderZwaag, David L.] Dalhousie Univ, Schulich Sch Law, Halifax, NS, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of British Columbia; University of Victoria; University of Tasmania; University of Manitoba; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium; Dalhousie UniversitySteiner, NS (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada.nadja.steiner@dfo-mpo.gc.caSumaila, U. Rashid/ABE-6475-2020; Hayashida, Hakase/AAY-4151-2020Hayashida, Hakase/0000-0002-6349-4947; Hoover, Carie/0000-0002-5343-9805; Steiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) partnership grant OceanCanada; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network, ArcticNet; Manitoba Centre of Excellence Funding; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Department of Environment and Climate Change CanadaCanadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) partnership grant OceanCanada; Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network, ArcticNet; Manitoba Centre of Excellence Funding; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Department of Environment and Climate Change CanadaThe authors acknowledge funding from the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) partnership grant OceanCanada, the Marine Environmental Observation Prediction and Response (MEOPAR) Network, ArcticNet, the Manitoba Centre of Excellence Funding, the Fisheries Joint Management Committee, and the Departments of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada.1622828<180 Day Usage Count>770FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-7745FRONT MAR SCIFront. Mar. Sci.APR 1020196
179
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00179http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.0017924Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyHU7EKGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-20WOS:0004654437000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaDempster Highway, Peel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0036
Impacts of variations in snow cover on permafrost stability, including simulated snow management, Dempster Highway, Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEpermafrost; infrastructure; highways; thermal regime; snow coverTIME-LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHY; ICE-RICH PERMAFROST; MACKENZIE DELTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROUND TEMPERATURES; ROAD EMBANKMENT; INFRASTRUCTURE; DEGRADATION; BENEATH; SLUMPSO'Neill, HB; Burn, CRO'Neill, H. Brendan; Burn, Chris R.EnglishPermafrost conditions were examined near the Dempster Highway embankment on Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories. Ground temperatures were recorded in 2013-2015 at five sites at the embankment toe and at two sites in undisturbed (control) tundra. Annual mean ground temperatures at approximately 5 m depth ranged from -2.2 to 0.0 degrees C at the embankment toe and were -1.8 and -2.6 degrees C at control sites. Permafrost is degrading beside the road at four of five sites. Thaw depths are greater at the embankment toe, where deep snow accumulates, than in undisturbed tundra. A numerical model was used to examine the influence of varying snow cover properties on the ground thermal regime. Simulations indicated that delaying the onset of deep (1 m) snow accumulation and (or) prolonging the duration of the same total accumulation accelerates removal of latent heat from the active layer, increases sensible ground cooling, and results in reduced thaw depth. Furthermore, reducing snow depth and increasing snow density may rapidly raise the permafrost table, lower ground temperatures at the embankment toe, and cool permafrost at depth over several years. In consequence, mechanical snow removal and (or) compaction should be investigated as an active management strategy for mitigating permafrost degradation in ice-rich settings.[O'Neill, H. Brendan; Burn, Chris R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [O'Neill, H. Brendan] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Geol, Longyearbyen, NorwayCarleton University; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS)O'Neill, HB (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;O'Neill, HB (corresponding author), Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Geol, Longyearbyen, Norway.brendan.oneill@unis.noO'Neill, Brendan/0000-0002-5290-3389Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Aurora Research Institute; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Tetlit Gwich'in Council; Transport CanadaNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Aurora Research Institute; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Tetlit Gwich'in Council; Transport CanadaThis project has been supported by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, the Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Aurora Research Institute, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, the Tetlit Gwich'in Council, and Transport Canada. Field assistance from Steven Tetlichi, Clifford Vaneltsi, Abraham Snowshoe, John Itsi, Christine Firth, Adrian Gaanderse, Jeff Moore, Blair Kennedy, Marcus Phillips, Emily Cameron, Krista Chin, and Dominique Hill is greatly appreciated. Helpful comments, which improved the paper, were received from S.A. Wolfe and S.V. Kokelj. We thank the editors and two reviewers for their careful examination of the manuscript during the review process and for comments that led to improvements in the paper.522626<180 Day Usage Count>024CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN201732SI150178
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0036http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-003629Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsFN9YKGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-10WOS:0004163988000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes near Yellowknife and Con MineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116815
Impacts on aquatic biota from salinization and metalloid contamination by gold mine tailings in sub-Arctic lakes
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONBio-indicators; Consolidated mine; Yellowknife; Climate warming; Urbanization; PaleolimnologyNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; YELLOWKNIFE; WATER; COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENTS; RESPONSES; GRADIENT; LEGACYPerrett, M; Sivarajah, B; Cheney, CL; Korosi, JB; Kimpe, L; Blais, JM; Smol, JPPerrett, Madi; Sivarajah, Branaavan; Cheney, Cynthia L.; Korosi, Jennifer B.; Kimpe, Linda; Blais, Jules M.; Smol, John P.EnglishPrecious metal mining activities have left complex environmental legacies in lakes around the world, including some sites in climatically sensitive regions of the Canadian sub-Arctic. Here, we examined the long-term impacts of past regional gold mining activities on sub-Arctic lakes near Con Mine (Yellowknife, Northwest Territories) based on sediment core analysis (paleolimnology). In addition to receiving metal(loid)s from roaster stack emissions, the study lakes were also influenced by salt-rich mine drainage from Con Mine tailings. Water samples from these lakes had some of the highest concentrations for salinity-related variables (e.g. Ca2+, Cl-, Na+) and metal(loid)s (e.g. As, Cu, Ni, Sb) in the Yellowknife area. Furthermore, the presence of halophilic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) taxa (Achnanthes thermalis and Navicula incertata) in the recent sediments of Keg and Peg lakes suggest that the extreme saline con-ditions are strongly influencing the present biota, more than 10 years after the cessation of gold mining activities at Con Mine. The sedimentary metal(loid) profiles (e.g. As, Cu, Ni) of Kam Lake tracked the influence of regional gold mining activities, particularly those at Con Mine, while the algal assemblages recorded the biological responses to salinization and metal(loid) pollution (e.g. marked decreases in diatom species richness, Hill's N2 diversity, and chrysophyte cyst:diatom valve ratio). At Kam Lake, the algal assemblage changes in the post-mining era were indicative of climate-mediated changes to lake thermal properties (e.g. rise in planktonic diatoms), nutrient enrichment related to urbanization (e.g. increase in eutrophic Stephanodisucs taxa), and/or a combination of both stressors. The lack of biological recovery (i.e. return to pre-mining assemblages) is consistent with investigations of mine-impacted lakes in temperate regions where elevated contaminant levels and emerging stressors (e.g. climate warming, land-use changes) are influencing lake recovery. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Perrett, Madi; Sivarajah, Branaavan; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Cheney, Cynthia L.; Kimpe, Linda; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Lab Anal Nat & Synthet Environm Toxicants, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Sivarajah, Branaavan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Sivarajah, Branaavan] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaQueens University - Canada; University of Ottawa; York University - Canada; Carleton University; Carleton UniversitySivarajah, B (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Sivarajah, B (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;Sivarajah, B (corresponding authbranaavan.sivarajah@queensu.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Cheney, Cynthia/0000-0001-6262-0449Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC STPGP 462955-14]; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; Summer Work Experience Program at Queen's University; Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship - DoctoralNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; Summer Work Experience Program at Queen's University; Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship - DoctoralMany thanks to our research partners from the Government of Northwest Territories for assisting with field logistics and Taiga Environmental Laboratory in Yellowknife for analyzing the water samples. Field assistance by Joshua Thienpont, Dave Eickmeyer and Kristen Coleman are greatly acknowledged. We thank two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback on an earlier draft of this manusciprt. This project was funded by grants from Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC STPGP 462955-14), and Polar Continental Shelf Program to JMB and JPS, as well as funds from Northern Scientific Training Program (CLC, BS), Summer Work Experience Program at Queen's University (MP), Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship (JBK), W. Garfield Weston Foundation (BS), NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship - Doctoral (BS).6966<180 Day Usage Count>327ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND0269-74911873-6424ENVIRON POLLUTEnviron. Pollut.JUN 12021278
116815
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116815http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.1168152021-03-01 00:00:009Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyRO9PO336899462023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006413713000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveBurned and unburned sample plots to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y
Increasing wildfires threaten historic carbon sink of boreal forest soils
ArticleNATURECLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE; EMISSIONS; ACCUMULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGENWalker, XJ; Baltzer, JL; Cumming, SG; Day, NJ; Ebert, C; Goetz, S; Johnstone, JF; Potter, S; Rogers, BM; Schuur, EAG; Turetsky, MR; Mack, MCWalker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Ebert, Christopher; Goetz, Scott; Johnstone, Jill F.; Potter, Stefano; Rogers, Brendan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Mack, Michelle C.EnglishBoreal forest fires emit large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere primarily through the combustion of soil organic matter(1-3). During each fire, a portion of this soil beneath the burned layer can escape combustion, leading to a net accumulation of carbon in forests over multiple fire events(4). Climate warming and drying has led to more severe and frequent forest fires(5-7), which threaten to shift the carbon balance of the boreal ecosystem from net accumulation to net loss(1), resulting in a positive climate feedback(8). This feedback will occur if organic-soil carbon that escaped burning in previous fires, termed 'legacy carbon', combusts. Here we use soil radiocarbon dating to quantitatively assess legacy carbon loss in the 2014 wildfires in the Northwest Territories of Canada(2). We found no evidence for the combustion of legacy carbon in forests that were older than the historic fire-return interval of northwestern boreal forests(9). In forests that were in dry landscapes and less than 60 years old at the time of the fire, legacy carbon that had escaped burning in the previous fire cycle was combusted. We estimate that 0.34 million hectares of young forests (<60 years) that burned in the 2014 fires could have experienced legacy carbon combustion. This implies a shift to a domain of carbon cycling in which these forests become a net source-instead of a sink-of carbon to the atmosphere over consecutive fires. As boreal wildfires continue to increase in size, frequency and intensity(7), the area of young forests that experience legacy carbon combustion will probably increase and have a key role in shifting the boreal carbon balance.[Walker, Xanthe J.; Ebert, Christopher; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Cumming, Steven G.] Laval Univ, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Goetz, Scott] No Arizona Univ, SICCS, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Goetz, Scott; Potter, Stefano; Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USANorthern Arizona University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Laval University; Northern Arizona University; Woods Hole Research Center; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Northern Arizona University; University of Guelph; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderWalker, XJ (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.xanthe.walker@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585NSF DEB RAPID grant [1542150]; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant [NNX15AT71A]; NSERC; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [170]; NSERC-PDF; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership Agreement; NASA [NNX15AT71A, 797692] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNSF DEB RAPID grant; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NSERC-PDF(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership Agreement; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This project was supported by funding awarded to M.C.M. from NSF DEB RAPID grant number 1542150, and from the NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant NNX15AT71A; by NSERC Discovery Grants to J.F.J. and M.R.T.; by Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project number 170 to J.L.B.; by an NSERC-PDF to N.J.D.; and by Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program funding awarded to Canadian field assistants. Logistical and financial support was provided through the Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership Agreement.46185189<180 Day Usage Count>58363NATURE RESEARCHBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureAUG 2220195727770520+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1474-yhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y12Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsIS5UZ31435055YN2023-03-05WOS:0004822196000440 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveWhatiNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2160
Influence of ecosystem and disturbance on near-surface permafrost distribution, Whati, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESboreal; empirical statistical; forest fire; logistic regression; permafrostHIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC REGION; ACTIVE-LAYER; BTS METHOD; ALASKA; YUKON; FOREST; INFRASTRUCTURE; TEMPERATUREDaly, SV; Bonnaventure, PP; Kochtitzky, WDaly, Seamus, V; Bonnaventure, Philip P.; Kochtitzky, WillEnglishFor remote communities in the discontinuous permafrost zone, access to permafrost distribution maps for hazard assessment is limited and more general products are often inadequate for use in local-scale planning. In this study we apply established analytical methods to illustrate a time- and cost-efficient method for conducting community-scale permafrost mapping in the community of Whati, Northwest Territories, Canada. We ran a binary logistic regression (BLR) using a combination of field data, digital surface model-derived variables, and remotely sensed products. Independent variables included vegetation, topographic position index, and elevation bands. The dependent variable was sourced from 139 physical checks of near-surface permafrost presence/absence sampled across the variable boreal-wetland environment. Vegetation is the strongest predictor of near-surface permafrost in the regression. The regression predicts that 50.0% (minimum confidence: 36%) of the vegetated area is underlain by near-surface permafrost with a spatial accuracy of 72.8%. Analysis of data recorded across various burnt and not-burnt environments indicated that recent burn scenarios have significantly influenced the distribution of near-surface permafrost in the community. A spatial burn analysis predicted up to an 18.3% reduction in near-surface permafrost coverage, in a maximum burn scenario without factoring in the influence of climate change. The study highlights the potential that in an ecosystem with virtually homogeneous air temperature, ecosystem structure and disturbance history drive short-term changes in permafrost distribution and evolution. Thus, at the community level these factors should be considered as seriously as changes to air temperature as climate changes.[Daly, Seamus, V; Bonnaventure, Philip P.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Bonnaventure Lab Permafrost Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [Kochtitzky, Will] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kochtitzky, Will] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME USAUniversity of Lethbridge; University of Ottawa; University of Maine System; University of Maine OronoDaly, SV (corresponding author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Bonnaventure Lab Permafrost Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.seamus.daly@uleth.caCommunity Government of Whati; Climate Change Preparedness in the North Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; University of Lethbridge; Government of Northwest Territories, Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144205]; Vanier Graduate Scholarship; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP [1043681, 1559691, 1542736]Community Government of Whati; Climate Change Preparedness in the North Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); University of Lethbridge; Government of Northwest Territories, Geological Survey; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Vanier Graduate Scholarship; Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPPWe thank the Community Government of Whati for their driving role and continued support for the project and acknowledge the Tcho Traditional Territory on which this study took place. Funding for this project was provided by the Climate Change Preparedness in the North Program. We also thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the University of Lethbridge, and the Government of Northwest Territories, Geological Survey for funding contributions and research support. W.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144205 and the Vanier Graduate Scholarship. WorldView imagery and DSMs were provided to W.K. by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. We thank Kyle Bexte and Collin Simpson for field assistance, Madeleine Garibaldi for assistance with data, and Oliver K. Kienzle for assistance with editing.7000<180 Day Usage Count>12WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.OCT2022334339352
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2160http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21602022-07-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology5L9VT2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008327816000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617693899
Influence of Holocene permafrost aggradation and thaw on the paleoecology and carbon storage of a peatland complex in northwestern Canada
ArticleHOLOCENEcarbon; chronosequence; peat plateau; peatlands; permafrost; thermokarst bogCONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOHYDROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION; MACKENZIE VALLEY; BOREAL PEATLANDS; TERRITORIES; FIRE; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICS; AGEPelletier, N; Talbot, J; Olefeldt, D; Turetsky, M; Blodau, C; Sonnentag, O; Quinton, WLPelletier, Nicolas; Talbot, Julie; Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt; Blodau, Christian; Sonnentag, Oliver; Quinton, William L.EnglishPermafrost in peatlands strongly influences ecosystem characteristics, including vegetation composition, hydrological functions, and carbon cycling. Large amounts of organic carbon are stored in permafrost peatlands in northwestern Canada. Their possible degradation into permafrost-free wetlands including thermokarst bogs may affect carbon (C) stocks, but the direction and magnitude of change are uncertain. Using peat core reconstructions, we characterized the temporal and spatial variability in vegetation macrofossil, testate amoebae, C content, and peat decomposition along a permafrost thaw chronosequence in the southern portion of the Scotty Creek watershed near Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories. The accumulation of limnic and minerotrophic peat prevailed at the site until permafrost formed around 5000 cal. yr BP. Three distinct permafrost periods were identified in the permafrost peat plateau profile, while permafrost only aggraded once in the thermokarst bog profile. Permafrost thawed at similar to 550 and similar to 90 cal. yr BP in the thermokarst bog center and edge, respectively. Both allogenic (climatic shifts and wildfire) and autogenic (peat accumulation, Sphagnum growth) processes likely exerted control on permafrost aggradation and thaw. While apparent carbon accumulation rates (ACARs) were lower during present and past permafrost periods than during non-permafrost periods, long-term C accumulation remained similar between cores with different permafrost period lengths. Deep peat was less decomposed in the permafrost plateau compared with the thermokarst bog, which we speculate is due more to differences in peat type rather than differences in decomposition environment between these two ecosystem states. Our study highlights the importance of considering potential deep peat C losses to project the fate of thawing permafrost peat C stores.[Pelletier, Nicolas; Talbot, Julie; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Pavillon 520,Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Olefeldt, David; Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Blodau, Christian] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, Germany; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; University of Guelph; University of Alberta; University of Munster; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityTalbot, J (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Pavillon 520,Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.j.talbot@umontreal.caOlefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Talbot, Julie/W-3931-2019Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Talbot, Julie/0000-0002-1417-2327; Pelletier, Nicolas/0000-0001-6185-7030Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP)NP and JT were supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and DO was supported by funding from the Campus Alberta Innovates Program (CAIP).953030<180 Day Usage Count>353SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDLONDON1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND0959-68361477-0911HOLOCENEHoloceneSEP201727913911405
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617693899http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968361769389915Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyFJ4LW2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004127117000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006054
Influence of Hydraulic Connectivity on Carbon Burial Efficiency in Mackenzie Delta Lake Sediments
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESbulk radiocarbon; carbon isotopes; Mackenzie Delta; mineral loading; n&#8208; alkanesORGANIC-CARBON; BEAUFORT SEA; LIPID BIOMARKERS; INLAND WATERS; FATTY-ACIDS; RIVER; MATTER; PRESERVATION; IDENTIFICATION; PHYTOPLANKTONLattaud, J; Broder, L; Haghipour, N; Rickli, J; Giosan, L; Eglinton, TILattaud, J.; Broder, L.; Haghipour, N.; Rickli, J.; Giosan, L.; Eglinton, T., IEnglishThe Arctic is undergoing accelerated changes in response to ongoing modifications to the climate system, and there is a need for local to regional scale records of past climate variability in order to put these changes into context. The Mackenzie Delta region in northern Canada is populated by numerous small shallow lakes. They are classified as no-, low-, and high-closure (NC, LC, and HC, respectively) lakes, reflecting varying degrees of connection to the river main stem, and have different sedimentation characteristics. This study examines sedimentological (mineral surface area, grain size), carbon isotopic (bulk and molecular-level) and inorganic isotopic (neodymium) characteristics of sediment cores from three lakes representing each class. We find that HC lake sediments exhibit strikingly different properties from the other lake sediments. Specifically, they are characterized by higher organic carbon loadings per unit mineral surface area and with relatively minor influence from allochthonous, petrogenic (rock-derived) organic carbon. In contrast, LC and NC lakes have the potential to record basin-scale climatic changes at a high resolution by virtue of enhanced detrital sedimentation. Overall the delta lakes have the capacity to bury about 2 MtC year(-1), with little changes in the last 200 years. However, in the (near) future, an increased number of high closure lakes might change the carbon burial efficiency of the Mackenzie Delta as they seem to retain less carbon than NC and LC lakes.[Lattaud, J.; Broder, L.; Haghipour, N.; Eglinton, T., I] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Biogeosci Grp, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Haghipour, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Rickli, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Geochem & Petrol, Zurich, Switzerland; [Giosan, L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USASwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionLattaud, J (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Biogeosci Grp, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.Jlattaud@ethz.chLattaud, Julie/0000-0001-8089-6502; giosan, liviu/0000-0001-6769-5204; Rickli, Jorg/0000-0001-8186-2750; Eglinton, Timothy/0000-0001-5060-2155NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research [019.183EN.002]NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO))The authors thank the sampling team that assisted T. I. Eglinton and L. Giosan in collecting the sediment cores from the Mackenzie River lakes and Jorien Vonk and Daniel Montlucon for slicing MD-1 and UD-4. Grain size analysis were performed in the Limnogeology lab at ETH Zurich and radiocarbon and elemental analyses were performed in conjunction with the Laboratory for Ion Beam Facility in ETH Zurich. Carbon isotopes were measured at the Climate Geology Department of the ETH Zurich with the help of Steward Bishop. J. Lattaud was funded by a Rubicon grant (019.183EN.002) from NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research.7722<180 Day Usage Count>310AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.MAR20211263
e2020JG006054
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006054http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG00605418Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyRH5VTGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006362867000200 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTundra Mine, northeast of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136115
Influence of late-Holocene climate change on the solid-phase speciation and long-term stability of arsenic in sub-Arctic lake sediments
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTArsenic; Holocene; Lake sediment; Organic matter; Climate changeROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ACCUMULATION RATES; SULFATE REDUCTION; TREELINE LAKES; PYRITE; YELLOWKNIFE; SORPTION; MOBILITYMiller, CB; Parsons, MB; Jamieson, HE; Ardakani, OH; Gregory, BRB; Galloway, JMMiller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.; Ardakani, Omid H.; Gregory, Braden R. B.; Galloway, Jennifer M.EnglishSediment cores were collected from two lakes in the Courageous Lake Greenstone Belt (CLGB), central Northwest Territories, Canada, to examine the influence of late-Holocene warming on the transport and fate of arsenic (As) in sub-Arctic lakes. In both lakes, allochthonous As-bearing minerals (i.e. arsenopyrite and scorodite) were identified in sediment deposited during times of both regional warming and cooling, suggesting that weathering of bedrock and derived surficial materials provides a continual source of As to lakes of the CLGB. However, maximum porewater As (84 mu g.L-1 and 15 mu g.L-1) and reactive organic matter (OM; aquatic and terrestrial-derived) concentrations in each lake are coincident with known periods of regional climate warming. It is inferred that increased biological production in surface waters and influx of terrigenous OM led to the release of sedimentary As to porewater through reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe-(oxy)hydroxides and scorodite during episodes of regional warming. Elevated sedimentary As concentrations (median: 36 mg.kg(-1); range: 29 to 49 mg.kg(-1)) are observed in sediment coeval with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 5430 +/- 110 to 4070 +/- 130 cal. years BP); at these depths, authigenic As-bearing framboidal pyrite is the primary host of As in sediment and the influence of organic matter on the precipitation of As-bearing framboidal pyrite is apparent petrographically. These findings suggest that increased biological productivity and weathering of terrestrial OM associated with climate warming influences redox cycles in the near-surface sediment and enhances the mobility of As in northern lakes. Knowledge generated from this study is relevant for predicting future climate change-driven variations in metal(loid) cycling in aquatic systems and can be used to interpret trends in long-term environmental monitoring data at historical, modern, and future metal mines in northern environments. Crown Copyright (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Miller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Parsons, Michael B.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Ardakani, Omid H.; Galloway, Jennifer M.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, 3303 33Rd St Nw, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Gregory, Braden R. B.; Galloway, Jennifer M.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Inst Adv Studies, DK-8000 Aarhus, DenmarkQueens University - Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Aarhus UniversityMiller, CB (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.miller.clare@queensu.caArdakani, Omid H./0000-0001-8740-4654; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Miller, Clare/0000-0003-3241-0314Polar Knowledge Canada [1519-149]; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada, Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN/03736-2016]; NSERC Northern Research Supplement [RGPNS/305500-2016]; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge; Northern Scientific Training programs; X-ray Science Division; Canadian Light Source; European Union [754513]; Aarhus University Research Foundation at the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DenmarkPolar Knowledge Canada; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada, Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Research Supplement; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge; Northern Scientific Training programs; X-ray Science Division; Canadian Light Source; European Union(European Commission); Aarhus University Research Foundation at the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DenmarkThis project was jointly funded by Polar Knowledge Canada (Project#1519-149, awarded to J.M. Galloway (GSC Calgary) and T. R. Patterson (Carleton University)), the Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada, Canada (Metal Mining Project, M.B. Parsons; Northern Baselines Activity, J.M. Galloway), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (H.E. Jamieson; RGPIN/03736-2016), and a NSERC Northern Research Supplement (H.E. Jamieson; RGPNS/305500-2016). Financial support was also contributed through student awards to C. B. Miller from the NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge and the Northern Scientific Training programs. Field programs were conducted under Aurora Research Institute Licence No. 15858 (J.M. Galloway). We are grateful for substantial in-kind support from Crown-Indigenous Relations Northern Affairs Canada (Murray Somers and Joel Gowman) during the field program, including fixed-wing transport and field accommodations at Tundra Mine in 2016. Synchrotron-based analyses were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Sector 20-BM, which is supported by a partnership between the X-ray Science Division and Canadian Light Source. The authors would like to thank Brian Cummings (Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Lab (PEARL), Queen's University), Christopher Grooms (PEARL), Agatha Dobosz (Queen's Facility for Isotope Research (QFIR)), Brian Joy (QFIR), and Matt Newville of the APS for their assistance and invaluable guidance. A special thank you to Andrew Macumber (Carleton University), Hendrik Falck (Northwest Territories Geological Survey), Nawaf Nasser (Carleton University), and the staff of Delta Engineering and Nahanni Construction for their support during our northern field work. JMG contributed to this manuscript with support from an Horizon 2020 Marie SklodowskaCurie Actions Fellowship under the European Union's Horizon 511 2020 (Grant agreement #754513) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation at the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Denmark. This is Contribution Number 20190286 of the Lands and Minerals Sector, Natural Resources Canada.13377<180 Day Usage Count>246ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.MAR 202020709
136115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136115http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13611518Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKJ8BS31887529Bronze2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005122817000730 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaHornaday River, Tuktut Nogait National ParkNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3828-0
Influences of environmental variation on anadromous Arctic charr from the Hornaday River, NWT
ArticleHYDROBIOLOGIAClimate change; Fisheries; Long-term monitoring; Population dynamics; Life-historyTROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L.; FRESH-WATER FISHES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; GROWTH-PATTERNS; LIFE-HISTORY; TEMPERATUREChavarie, L; Reist, JD; Guzzo, MM; Harwood, L; Power, MChavarie, L.; Reist, J. D.; Guzzo, M. M.; Harwood, L.; Power, M.EnglishInsights from long-term subsistence fisheries data can improve our understanding of the population-specific responses of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, to environmental conditions. In this study, associations were found between temporal environmental variation and Arctic charr length- and weight-based growth using data from fish captured in the Hornaday River fishery. Overall, spring precipitation and summer air temperature appear to be the most important environmental influences on Arctic charr probably because of their respective impacts on the opportunities for acquiring surplus energy for growth. A pattern of decreasing age-related importance of temperature and increasing age-related importance of precipitation suggested that the coupling between growth and environmental effects varied by life-period. The changing prominence of each variable seems to result from the shift in apportioning energy for increases in length to increases in weight, likely as a result of the onset of maturation. The linkage of population characteristics to environmental conditions provides a baseline reference against which future data may be compared to determine the significance of any observed changes in population characteristics as a result of continuing ecological change in the north.[Chavarie, L.; Power, M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Chavarie, L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Reist, J. D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Guzzo, M. M.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Harwood, L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Suite 301,5204-50th Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; University of British Columbia; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Guelph; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaChavarie, L (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.chavarie@ualberta.caChavarie, Louise/0000-0002-1327-7872Natural Resources Canada Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada/Inuvialuit Fisheries Joint Management CommitteeNatural Resources Canada Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada/Inuvialuit Fisheries Joint Management CommitteeWe thank the numerous people who have contributed to the collection and archiving of the data over the years, particularly the fishers of Paulatuk who have done all of the sampling and fishing, and Gary Carder, who performed all of the aging. Special thanks are due to Al Kristofferson for his efforts in implementing the subsistence fishing-monitoring program. Funding for the study was provided by the Natural Resources Canada Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Canada/Inuvialuit Fisheries Joint Management Committee.7711<180 Day Usage Count>112SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0018-81581573-5117HYDROBIOLOGIAHydrobiologiaSEP20198401SI157172
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3828-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3828-016Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater BiologyIO0ER2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004790527000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaAklavikYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.13051
Inhabiting a transforming delta Volatility and improvisation in the Canadian Arctic
ArticleAMERICAN ETHNOLOGISTANTHROPOLOGY; RESILIENCE; INUIT; HISTORY; LIFEKrause, FKrause, FranzEnglishGwich'in and Inuvialuit inhabitants of the Mackenzie Delta, in Canada's Northwest Territories, have witnessed an eventful history in relation to colonialism and environmental transformation. Their current lives are characterized by mobility, mixing, and melting as they negotiate new and old livelihoods, continuity in traditions, and thawing landscapes. Approaching these lives in terms of volatility opens up an experience-near understanding of people's relations with perpetual, uncertain transformations. Differently situated delta inhabitants have different ways of dealing with these uncertain dynamics, but all are characterized by an improvisation that carries forth reputable activities and attitudes by new means. Dispositions like curiosity, playfulness, and risk-taking must not be seen as lacking resolve to confront transformations, but should be appreciated as skills for inhabiting a volatile world. [volatility, improvisation, Gwich'in, Inuvialuit, Arctic][Krause, Franz] Univ Cologne, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Albertus Magnus Pl, D-50923 Cologne, GermanyUniversity of CologneKrause, F (corresponding author), Univ Cologne, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Albertus Magnus Pl, D-50923 Cologne, Germany.f.krause@uni-koeln.deKrause, Franz/0000-0003-0914-7060Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [276392588]; Aurora Research Institute Research FellowshipDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(German Research Foundation (DFG)); Aurora Research Institute Research FellowshipThis research was conducted in collaboration with the Gwich'in Tribal Council'sDepartment of CulturalHeritage and the Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee. I amgrateful for their guidance and support. My deepest gratitude goes to the people of Aklavik who have shared their lives and wisdom with me. Thanks to all my colleagues who provided valuable comments on earlier versions or parts of this article in Cologne, Freiburg, Zurich, Heidelberg, and Prague, as well as online, and to the four anonymous AE reviewers, who helpedme sharpen the argument. Eleanor Firth translated the abstract into Dinjii Zhu' Ginjik (Gwich'in language), and Nellie Arey, with the support of Carol Oyagak, did the translation into Inuvialuktun; hai choo and quyanainni! The research was generously funded by theDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project no. 276392588) and an Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship.5900<180 Day Usage Count>11WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0094-04961548-1425AM ETHNOLAm. Ethnol.FEB2022491719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.13051http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.130512022-02-01 00:00:0013AnthropologySocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)AnthropologyZG6VQ2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007523958000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoNear Highway 1, south of Jean Marie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0154
Lability of dissolved organic carbon from boreal peatlands: interactions between permafrost thaw, wildfire, and season
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCEdissolved organic carbon; permafrost; incubation; peatlands; wildfire; biodegradabilityNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MATTER; FOREST; FIRE; BIODEGRADABILITY; NUTRIENTS; DYNAMICS; SPHAGNUM; CLIMATE; ALBERTABurd, K; Estop-Aragones, C; Tank, SE; Olefeldt, DBurd, Katheryn; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Tank, Suzanne E.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishBoreal peatlands are major sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to downstream aquatic ecosystems, where it influences carbon cycling and food web structure. Wildfire and permafrost thaw alter peatland vegetation and hydrology and may affect the quantity and chemical composition of exported DOC. We studied the influence of wildfire and thaw on microbial and photochemical lability of near-surface porewater DOC, assessed through 7 d incubations. We carried out these incubations in spring, summer, and fall but only found differences in spring when DOC biodegradability (% loss during dark incubations) increased with lower DOC aromaticity and C/N ratios. During spring, the most labile DOC was found in recently formed thermokarst bogs along collapsing peat plateau edges (25% loss), which was greater than in mature sections of thermokarst bogs (3%), and peat plateaus with intact permafrost (9%). Increased DOC lability following thaw was likely linked to high DOC production and turnover associated with productive hydrophilic Sphagnum mosses and sedges, rather than thawed permafrost peat. A wildfire (3 yr prior) reduced DOC biodegradability in both peat plateaus (4%) and rapidly collapsing peat plateau edges (14%). Biodegradability of DOC in summer and fall was low across all sites; 2% and 4%, respectively. Photodegradation was shown to potentially contribute significantly to downstream DOC degradation but did not vary across peatland sites. We show that disturbances such as permafrost thaw and wildfire have the potential to affect downstream carbon cycling, particularly as the largest influences were found in spring when peatlands are well connected to downstream aquatic ecosystems.[Burd, Katheryn; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University of AlbertaOlefeldt, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.olefeldt@ualberta.caEstop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577National Science and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology programNational Science and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology programThis study was funded by support from the National Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688); the Campus Alberta Innovates Program; the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; and the Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology program. The research in this article was included as a data-chapter in the MSc thesis by Katheryn Burd (Burd 2017). We thank Liam Heffernan, Carolyn Gibson, Michael Barbeau, and Jessi Steinke for assistance in the field.661213<180 Day Usage Count>1144CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0008-42711918-1841CAN J SOIL SCICan. J. Soil Sci.DEC20201004503515
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0154http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-015413Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)AgriculturePA4FJBronze2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005955934000150 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTundra Mine, northeast of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104403
Lake-specific controls on the long-term stability of mining-related, legacy arsenic contamination and geochemical baselines in a changing northern environment, Tundra Mine, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleAPPLIED GEOCHEMISTRYClimate change; Mine waste; Lake sediments; Organic matter; Arsenic mobility; Geochemical baselinesNATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; SOLID-PHASE SPECIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC LAKE; MERCURY ACCUMULATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; YELLOWKNIFE BAY; GOLD DEPOSIT; IRON-OXIDES; SEDIMENTSMiller, CB; Parsons, MB; Jamieson, HE; Swindles, GT; Nasser, NA; Galloway, JMMiller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.; Swindles, Graeme T.; Nasser, Nawaf A.; Galloway, Jennifer M.EnglishClimate change is influencing the biogeochemistry of northern lake ecosystems. These changes may affect the mobility of naturally occurring metal(loid)s and long-term stability of anthropogenic contaminants. Arsenic (As) concentrations in lake sediments in the Courageous Lake Greenstone Belt, Northwest Territories, Canada, are elevated from the operation of two high-grade, low-tonnage historical gold mines (Tundra Mine and Salmita Mine) and the weathering of mineralized bedrock. In sensitive sub-Arctic environments, it is not currently known how the cumulative effects of resource extraction and climate warming will impact geochemical baselines and the long-term stability of legacy contaminants. In this study, measurements of As concentration and speciation in waters and sediments are combined with multivariate analyses of climate proxies (sediment particle size and organic matter composition) from five lakes downstream of the former Tundra Mine site. Data from lake sediment cores were divided into geochemically distinct populations using a combination of radiometric dating and constrained incremental sum-of-squares cluster analysis to define geochemical baselines, examine the lake-specific controls on As distribution, and determine climate-related factors that may influence the long-term stability of As. Median As concentrations in near-surface impacted sediments (median: 110 mg kg(-1); range: 31-1,010 mg kg(-1); n= 22) and pre-mining sediment (median: 40 mg kg(-1); range: 28-170 mg kg(-1); n= 102) exceed the Canadian Council of the Ministers of the Environment Probable Effects Level of 17 mg kg(-1). Near the Tundra Mine, the long-term stability of As in the near-surface sediment is influenced by the source of As (direct disposal and weathering of waste rock, tailings overtopping and seepage, discharge of treated tailings effluent, weathering and airborne deposition of tailings and waste rock, and natural weathering of mineralized bedrock), lithology of the sediment, and composition of sediment organic matter. This study demonstrates that in lakes impacted by weathering of waste rock and mineralized bedrock, As in sediments is primarily hosted by Fe-(oxy) hydroxides and may be more susceptible to remobilization with climate warming relative to those lakes impacted by direct discharge of mine wastes where As-bearing sulphides are the most abundant As host. Continued climate warming is expected to increase the natural loading of metal(loid)s and organic matter to lake sediments; however, the effects of these changes on the long-term stability of legacy contaminants will vary between lakes.[Miller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Parsons, Michael B.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Swindles, Graeme T.; Nasser, Nawaf A.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.; Nasser, Nawaf A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada Ressources Nat Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, 3303 33Rd St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Inst Adv Studies, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkQueens University - Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Leeds; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Aarhus UniversityMiller, CB (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.miller.clare@queensu.caSwindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Miller, Clare/0000-0003-3241-0314; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Parsons, Michael/0000-0001-9158-5283Polar Knowledge Canada [1519-149]; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Metal Mining Project); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN/03736-2016]; NSERC Northern Research Supplement [RGPNS/305500-2016]; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge (MOK); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Northern Baselines Activity)Polar Knowledge Canada; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Metal Mining Project)(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Research Supplement; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge (MOK); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Northern Baselines Activity)(Natural Resources Canada)This project is jointly funded by Polar Knowledge Canada (Project #1519-149, awarded to J.M. Galloway (GSC Calgary) and T.R. Patterson (Carleton University)), the Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Metal Mining Project, M.B. Parsons; Northern Baselines Activity; J.M. Galloway), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (H.E. Jamieson; Grant #RGPIN/03736-2016), and a NSERC Northern Research Supplement (Jamieson; Grant #RGPNS/305500-2016). Funding for the project has also been contributed by funds awarded to C.B. Miller by the NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge (MOK) and the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP) and substantial in-kind support from CIRNAC. The authors would like to extend thanks to Brian Cummings, Christopher Grooms, Agatha Dobosz, and Brian Joy of Queen's University for their assistance and invaluable guidance. A special thank you to Braden Gregory (Carleton University), Andrew Macumber (Carleton University), and Hendrik Falck (Northwest Territories Geological Survey) for facilitating logistics and providing relentless optimism. A warm thank you to CIRNAC, Delta Engineering, and Nahanni Construction for their hospitality and support for our northern field work initiatives. This is Contribution Number 20180420 of the Lands and Minerals Sector, Natural Resources Canada.1321717<180 Day Usage Count>433PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0883-29271872-9134APPL GEOCHEMAppl. Geochem.OCT2019109
104403
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104403http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.10440318Geochemistry & GeophysicsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geochemistry & GeophysicsJE9BB2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004909824000110 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDanny's Lake, along the Tibbett-to-Contwoyto winter roadNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199872
Late Holocene climatic variability in Subarctic Canada: Insights from a high-resolution lake record from the central Northwest Territories
ArticlePLOS ONESEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECADAL OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; SOLAR; DIATOMS; PERIODICITIES; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; SHIFTS; PRECIPITATIONDalton, AS; Patterson, T; Roe, HM; Macomber, AL; Swindles, GT; Galloway, JM; Vermaire, JC; Crann, CA; Falck, HDalton, April S.; Patterson, Timothy; Roe, Helen M.; Macomber, Andrew L.; Swindles, Graeme T.; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Vermaire, Jesse C.; Crann, Carley A.; Falck, HendrikEnglishWe examined late Holocene (ca. 3300 yr BP to present-day) climate variability in the central Northwest Territories (Canadian Subarctic) using a diatom and sedimentological record from Danny's Lake (63.48 degrees N, 112.54 degrees W), located 40 km southwest of the modern-day tree-line. High-resolution sampling paired with a robust age model (25 radiocarbon dates) allowed for the examination of both lake hydroecological conditions (30-year intervals; diatoms) and sedimentological changes in the watershed (12-year intervals; grain size records) over the late Holocene. Time series analysis of key lake ecological indicators (diatom species Aulacoseira alpigena, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata and Achnanthidium minutissimum) and sedimentological parameters, reflective of catchment processes (coarse silt fraction), suggests significant intermittent variations in turbidity, pH and light penetration within the lake basin. In the diatom record, we observed discontinuous periodicities in the range of ca. 69, 88-100, 115-132, 141-188, 562, 750 and 900 years (>90% and >95% confidence intervals), whereas the coarse silt fraction was characterized by periodicities in the >901 and <61-year range (>95% confidence interval). Periodicities in the proxy data from the Danny's Lake sediment core align with changes in total solar irradiance over the past ca. 3300 yr BP and we hypothesize a link to the Suess Cycle, Gleissberg Cycle and Pacific Decadal Oscillation via occasional inland propagation of shifting air masses over the Pacific Ocean. This research represents an important baseline study of the underlying causes of climate variability in the Canadian Subarctic and provides details on the long-term climate variability that has persisted in this region through the past three thousand years.[Dalton, April S.; Patterson, Timothy; Macomber, Andrew L.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Dalton, April S.; Patterson, Timothy; Macomber, Andrew L.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Dalton, April S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Roe, Helen M.; Macomber, Andrew L.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Commiss Geol Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Commiss Geol Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Crann, Carley A.] Univ Ottawa, AE Lalonde AMS Lab, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Falck, Hendrik] Northwest Territories Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaCarleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; University of Toronto; Queens University Belfast; University of Leeds; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; Carleton University; University of OttawaDalton, AS (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Dalton, AS (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Dalton, AS (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada.aprils.dalton@mail.utoronto.caSwindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Dalton, April Sue/0000-0002-0725-1385; Vermaire, Jesse/0000-0002-9921-6148Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [STPGP 381471-09]; Geological Survey of Canada; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; North Slave Metis Alliance; Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Northwest Territories Geological Survey; North Slave Metis Alliance; Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring ProgramFinancial and in-kind support for this research project was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) strategic project grant to RTP (#STPGP 381471-09), along with contributions and support from the Geological Survey of Canada, the Northwest Territories Geological Survey, the North Slave Metis Alliance, and the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture. We also acknowledge the support of the Polar Continental Shelf Program and Northern Scientific Training Program, as well as a grant provided by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program to JMG and HF. http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/index_eng.asp. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/science/geology/gsc/17100. http://www.nwtgeoscience.ca. http://www.nsma.net. http://www.jvtcwinterroad.ca/. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/the-north/polar-continental-shelf-program/polar-shelf/10003. http://www.polarcom.gc.ca/eng/content/northern-scientific-training-program. http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/en/services/cumulative-impact-monitoring-program-nwt-cimp.921010<180 Day Usage Count>16PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCESAN FRANCISCO1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA1932-6203PLOS ONEPLoS OneJUN 282018136
e0199872
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199872http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019987221Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsGL0GK29953559Green Accepted, Green Submitted, Green Published, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004366454000840 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlavePocket Lake, next to Giant MineNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003214
Late-Holocene diatom community response to climate driven chemical changes in a small, subarctic lake, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleHOLOCENEalkalinity; assemblage dynamics; diatoms; Late-Holocene; metals; Northwest Territories; pH; regional climateORGANIC-MATTER; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; TREELINE LAKES; PARTICLE-SIZE; IRON-OXIDES; SEDIMENTS; AGE; RECONSTRUCTION; YELLOWKNIFE; PRECIPITATIONHamilton, PB; Hutchinson, SJ; Patterson, RT; Galloway, JM; Nasser, NA; Spence, C; Palmer, MJ; Falck, HHamilton, Paul B.; Hutchinson, Scott J.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Nasser, Nawaf A.; Spence, Christopher; Palmer, Mike J.; Falck, HendrikEnglishThe paleolimnological record of diatoms and climate, spanning the last 2800 years, was investigated in a small subarctic lake (Pocket Lake) that from AD 1948 to 2004 was contaminated by gold smelting waste. An age-depth model was constructed using a combination of Pb-210, C-14, and tephra to determine a 2800 year history of lake ontogeny (natural aging), biological diversity, and regional climate variability. Diatoms form six strong paleoecological assemblages over time in response to changes in local hydrological and sedimentological conditions (including metals). Selected environmental variables explained 28.8% of the variance in the diatom assemblages, with Fe, Ca, and sediment end member distribution being important indicators. The diatom assemblages correlated to the Iron Age Cold Epoch (2800-2300 cal BP), Roman Warm Period (2250-1610 cal BP), Dark Age Cold Period (1500-1050 cal BP), Medieval Climate Anomaly (ca. 1100-800 cal BP), and the Little Ice Age (800-200 cal BP). The disappearance of Staurosira venter highlights the change from the Iron Age Cold Epoch to the Roman Warm Period. After deposition of the White River Ash (833-850 CE; 1117-1100 cal BP), transition to circumneutral conditions was followed in tandem by a transition to planktic influenced communities. Ten discrete peaks of Cu, Pb, and Zn were observed and attributed to soluble mobility from catchment soils through enhanced seepage and spring snowmelt. The prominent metal spikes were aligned with increases in Brachysira neoexilis. Downward mobilization of arsenic and antimony from contaminated surficial sediments highlight the problem of post depositional industrial contamination of paleosediments. Results demonstrate that paleoclimatic changes in the region, modulated by solar radiation, impacted temperature and precipitation in the lake catchment, influencing temporal shifts in diatom ecology. Changes in diatom taxa richness provided valuable information on the relative influence of water quality (planktic taxa) and sediment input (benthic taxa). The diatom assemblage succession also provides evidence that natural aging over time has played a role in the ecological evolution of the lake.[Hamilton, Paul B.] Canadian Museum Nat, Collect & Res Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Hutchinson, Scott J.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Nasser, Nawaf A.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Hutchinson, Scott J.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Nasser, Nawaf A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Aarhus Univ, Aarhus Inst Adv Studies, Aarhus, Denmark; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Spence, Christopher] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Palmer, Mike J.] Aurora Coll, Aurora Res Inst, North Slave Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Falck, Hendrik] Northwest Territories Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaCarleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Aarhus University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaHamilton, PB (corresponding author), Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, POB 3443, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada.phamilton@nature.caHamilton, Paul/0000-0001-6938-6341; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program Grant [00140]; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada [Arcticnet P51, NRCan 20200634]; North Slave Metis Alliance; RAC 2018-2020 grant from the Canadian Museum of Nature; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) via a Research Affiliate Program (RAP); NRCan Clean Technology Grant [CGP-17-0704]; NSERC Discovery Grant [RGPIN 2018-05329]; Marie SklodowskaCurie actions under the European Union's Horizon 2020 [754513]; Aarhus University Research Foundation; POLAR Knowledge Canada Grant [1516-149]Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program Grant; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); North Slave Metis Alliance; RAC 2018-2020 grant from the Canadian Museum of Nature; Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) via a Research Affiliate Program (RAP)(Natural Resources Canada); NRCan Clean Technology Grant; NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Marie SklodowskaCurie actions under the European Union's Horizon 2020; Aarhus University Research Foundation; POLAR Knowledge Canada GrantThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by a Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program Grant, (#00140) to CS with in-kind contributions from the Northwest Territories Geological Survey (HF), the Geological Survey of Canada (Arcticnet P51, NRCan 20200634; JMG), and the North Slave Metis Alliance. Research analysis funding was through a RAC 2018-2020 grant (PBH) from the Canadian Museum of Nature. Additional financial support was provided by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) via a Research Affiliate Program (RAP) bursary awarded to SJH and NN, a NRCan Clean Technology Grant (#CGP-17-0704) to RTP, (Environmental Geoscience Program activity via JMG), and a NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN 2018-05329) to RTP. JMGs contributions to this work was conducted under the AIAS-COFUND II fellowship programe that is supported by the Marie SklodowskaCurie actions under the European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant agreement no. 754513), the Aarhus University Research Foundation, and a POLAR Knowledge Canada Grant to JMG and RTP (Grant Number #1516-149).9222<180 Day Usage Count>413SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDLONDON1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND0959-68361477-0911HOLOCENEHoloceneJUL202131711241137
9.596836211e+15
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003214http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968362110032142021-04-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologySI8ZOGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006490587000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastal plainNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3118
Leading-edge disequilibrium in alder and spruce populations across the forest-tundra ecotone
ArticleECOSPHEREair photographs; range limits; shrubline; spatial pattern; sub-Arctic; treeline; tundra; climate changePLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION CHANGE; ARCTIC TREELINE; ESTABLISHMENT; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITIONTravers-Smith, HZ; Lantz, TCTravers-Smith, Hana Z.; Lantz, Trevor C.EnglishThe distribution and composition of Arctic vegetation are expected to shift with ongoing climate change. Global models generally predict northward shifts in high-latitude ecotones, and analysis of remote sensing data shows widespread greening and changes in vegetation structure across the circumpolar Arctic. However, there are still uncertainties related to the timing of these shifts and variation among different plant functional types. In this paper, we investigate disequilibrium dynamics of green alder and white spruce in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastal Plain, NWT. We used high-resolution air photographs captured in the 1970s and 2000s to quantify changes in the distribution and abundance of alder and spruce near their northern limits. We found increases in alder and spruce stem density over time, but no change in their range limits, indicating that both species are affected by leading-edge disequilibrium. Low stand density and temperature limitation of reproduction along the northern margin likely contributed to observed disequilibrium in both species. We also observed the greatest change in species occupancy within a burned area, suggesting that the increased frequency of fire will play a significant role in the timing and magnitude of near-term vegetation change.[Travers-Smith, Hana Z.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caTravers-Smith, Hana/0000-0002-9338-0633; Lantz, Trevor/0000-0001-5643-1537Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Western Arctic Research CentreNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Western Arctic Research CentreThis work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the Western Arctic Research Centre. The authors would like to thank Chanda Turner, Paige Bennett, Angel Chen, Jordan Seider, Zander Chila, and Nicola Shipman for assistance in the field.6099<180 Day Usage Count>213WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereJUL2020117
e03118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3118http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.311816EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyNL4SUgold2023-03-08WOS:0005674085000160 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuDelineYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.984290
Learning from the past to deal with the future: Using different knowledges to ensure food security in the Tsa Tue biosphere reserve (Northwest Territories, Canada)
ArticleFRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMSclimate change adaptation; food systems; indigenous; North; food security; traditional knowledgeCLIMATE-CHANGE; NUTRITION TRANSITION; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; HEALTH; INUIT; VULNERABILITY; PERSPECTIVES; COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATION; PEOPLESSpring, A; Neyelle, M; Bezha, W; Simmons, D; Blay-Palmer, ASpring, Andrew; Neyelle, Michael; Bezha, Walter; Simmons, Deborah; Blay-Palmer, AlisonEnglishThe community of Deli?ne, located in the UNESCO Tsa Tue Biosphere Reserve, is experiencing the impacts of climate change on the lands surrounding Great Bear Lake, in Northwest Territories, Canada. These impacts are limiting the community's ability to access the land to support their food system, which depends on harvesting traditional foods. This article details a participatory action research approach, driven by the community, that used on-the-land activities, workshops, community meetings and interviews to develop a community food security action plan to deal with the uncertainties of a changing climate on the food system. Data was analyzed using the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to describe the complex nature of the community's food system in terms of available or depleting capitals, as well as how the impacts of climate change affect these capitals, and the needs identified by the community to aid in adaptation. For Deli?ne, the theme of self-sufficiency emerged out of concerns that climate change is negatively impacting supplies from the south and that building and maintaining both social and cultural capital are key to achieving food security in an uncertain future. Learning from the past and sharing Traditional Knowledge(1)was a key element of food security planning. However, other types of knowledge, such as research and monitoring of the health of the land, and building capacity of the community through training, were important aspects of adaptation planning in the community. This knowledge, in its many forms, may assist the community in determining its own direction for achieving food security, and offers a glimpse into food sovereignty in Northern regions.[Spring, Andrew; Blay-Palmer, Alison] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Neyelle, Michael; Bezha, Walter; Simmons, Deborah] Sahtu Renewable Resources Board, Tulita, NT, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversitySpring, A (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada.aspring@wlu.caGovernment of Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program; Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) [895-2015-1016]; Northern Scientific Training ProgramGovernment of Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program; Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis work was made possible by the contributions from the Government of Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program, Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) (granted: #895-2015-1016), and the Northern Scientific Training Program.7400<180 Day Usage Count>00FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2571-581XFRONT SUSTAIN FOOD SFront. Sustain. Food Syst.JAN 2020236
984290
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.984290http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.98429013Food Science & TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Food Science & Technology8N9ZMgold2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0009255035000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Peel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004916
Legacy of Holocene Landscape Changes on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Perspective From Paleo-Active Layers in Northwestern Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESNEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; THAW-LAKE BASINS; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HERSCHEL ISLAND; ORGANIC-MATTER; GROUND ICE; CARBON; SLUMPSLacelle, D; Fontaine, M; Pellerin, A; Kokelj, SV; Clark, IDLacelle, Denis; Fontaine, Marielle; Pellerin, Andre; Kokelj, Steve V.; Clark, Ian D.EnglishRecent climate warming is contributing to permafrost degradation and vegetation change; however, little is known about the legacy of Holocene landscape change on contemporary soil biogeochemical conditions. In permafrost soils of northwestern Canada, widespread permafrost degradation occurred during the early Holocene warm interval and its impacts on soil biogeochemistry are archived in the paleo-active layer. Here we show contrasting profiles of soil soluble chemistry and organic carbon composition at sites affected by different types of permafrost degradation. At sites that experienced increased depth of thaw, the relict active layer contained a lower abundance of soluble ions than the underlying undisturbed permafrost; however, both the relict active layer and undisturbed permafrost contained mainly old recalcitrant organics suggesting that minor microbial degradation of organics had occurred. At sites that experienced past thaw slumping, the relict active layer had a higher solute content and contained both young-degradable and old-recalcitrant organics due to the integration of slumped surface organic mats into the colluvial soils or vegetation re-colonizing the surface of the former slump. Our results show that permafrost degradation that occurred during the early to mid-Holocene have preconditioned the biogeochemical conditions in near-surface permafrost soils such that significant local variability exist following past landscape changes. Thus, determining the state of soil soluble chemistry and SOC in permafrost should be done within a paleo-landscape change framework to better forecast CO2-CH4 emissions and solutes release from thawing permafrost.[Lacelle, Denis; Fontaine, Marielle] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Pellerin, Andre] Aarhus Univ, Ctr Geomicrobiol, Aarhus, Denmark; [Kokelj, Steve V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey Ind Tourism & Investme, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Clark, Ian D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Aarhus University; University of OttawaLacelle, D (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada.dlacelle@uottawa.caPellerin, Andre/0000-0003-3588-8372; Lacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717661717<180 Day Usage Count>421AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.SEP2019124926622679
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004916http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG00491618Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyJH1DI2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004925123000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3329
Lightning as a major driver of recent large fire years in North American boreal forests
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; WILDLAND FIRE; UNITED-STATES; ALASKA; PATTERNS; CANADA; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; REGIMEVeraverbeke, S; Rogers, BM; Goulden, ML; Jandt, RR; Miller, CE; Wiggins, EB; Randerson, JTVeraverbeke, Sander; Rogers, Brendan M.; Goulden, Mike L.; Jandt, Randi R.; Miller, Charles E.; Wiggins, Elizabeth B.; Randerson, James T.EnglishChanges in climate and fire regimes are transforming the boreal forest, the world's largest biome. Boreal North America recently experienced two years with large burned area: 2014 in the Northwest Territories and 2015 in Alaska. Here we use climate, lightning, fire and vegetation data sets to assess the mechanisms contributing to large fire years. We find that lightning ignitions have increased since 1975, and that the 2014 and 2015 events coincided with a record number of lightning ignitions and exceptionally high levels of burning near the northern treeline. Lightning ignition explained more than 55% of the interannual variability in burned area, and was correlated with temperature and precipitation, which are projected to increase by mid-century. The analysis shows that lightning drives interannual and long-term ignition and burned area dynamics in boreal North America, and implies future ignition increases may increase carbon loss while accelerating the northward expansion of boreal forest.[Veraverbeke, Sander; Goulden, Mike L.; Wiggins, Elizabeth B.; Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; [Veraverbeke, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Jandt, Randi R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Fire Sci Consortium, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USAUniversity of California System; University of California Irvine; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Woods Hole Research Center; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)Veraverbeke, S (corresponding author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.;Veraverbeke, S (corresponding author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.s.s.n.veraverbeke@vu.nlRanderson, James/Y-2550-2019; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012; Goulden, Michael L/B-9934-2008; Veraverbeke, Sander/M-3928-2019Randerson, James/0000-0001-6559-7387; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Wiggins, Elizabeth/0000-0003-1559-4502; Jandt, Randi/0000-0001-8471-792XNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Experiment (CARVE); Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX15AU56A]National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Experiment (CARVE); Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE)This work was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Experiment (CARVE) and the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE, NNX15AU56A). We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project, and we thank the climate modelling groups for producing and making available their model output. We wish to thank Environment and Climate Change Canada for their generous permission to use Canadian Lightning Detection Network data. We thank NASA for providing access to the Optical Transient Detector gridded lightning climatology data. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. S.V. would like to thank C. Verstraete for discussions on early ideas of this paper and support.73207212<180 Day Usage Count>17160NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.JUL201777529+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3329http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE33299Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEZ2NGYN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004045454000220 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020
Linking tundra vegetation, snow, soil temperature, and permafrost
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; SHRUB EXPANSION; MACKENZIE DELTA; ARCTIC TUNDRA; THAW-DEPTH; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; FIREGrunberg, I; Wilcox, EJ; Zwieback, S; Marsh, P; Boike, JGruenberg, Inge; Wilcox, Evan J.; Zwieback, Simon; Marsh, Philip; Boike, JuliaEnglishConnections between vegetation and soil thermal dynamics are critical for estimating the vulnerability of permafrost to thaw with continued climate warming and vegetation changes. The interplay of complex biophysical processes results in a highly heterogeneous soil temperature distribution on small spatial scales. Moreover, the link between topsoil temperature and active layer thickness remains poorly constrained. Sixty-eight temperature loggers were installed at 1-3 cm depth to record the distribution of topsoil temperatures at the Trail Valley Creek study site in the northwestern Canadian Arctic. The measurements were distributed across six different vegetation types characteristic for this landscape. Two years of topsoil temperature data were analysed statistically to identify temporal and spatial characteristics and their relationship to vegetation, snow cover, and active layer thickness. The mean annual topsoil temperature varied between -3.7 and 0.1 degrees C within 0.5 km(2). The observed variation can, to a large degree, be explained by variation in snow cover. Differences in snow depth are strongly related with vegetation type and show complex associations with late-summer thaw depth. While cold winter soil temperature is associated with deep active layers in the following summer for lichen and dwarf shrub tundra, we observed the opposite beneath tall shrubs and tussocks. In contrast to winter observations, summer topsoil temperature is similar below all vegetation types with an average summer topsoil temperature difference of less than 1 degrees C. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between summer soil temperature or cumulative positive degree days and active layer thickness. Altogether, our results demonstrate the high spatial variability of topsoil temperature and active layer thickness even within specific vegetation types. Given that vegetation type defines the direction of the relationship between topsoil temperature and active layer thickness in winter and summer, estimates of permafrost vulnerability based on remote sensing or model results will need to incorporate complex local feedback mechanisms of vegetation change and permafrost thaw.[Gruenberg, Inge; Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Permafrost Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Wilcox, Evan J.; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Zwieback, Simon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Berlin, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Humboldt University of BerlinGrunberg, I (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Permafrost Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany.inge.gruenberg@awi.deWilcox, Evan/ABF-2854-2020; Boike, Julia/R-4766-2016Wilcox, Evan/0000-0002-4172-7623; Boike, Julia/0000-0002-5875-2112; Grunberg, Inge/0000-0002-5748-8102Geo.X; Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam [SO 087 GeoX]; Helmholtz Association of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems)Geo.X; Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam; Helmholtz Association of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems)This contribution was financially supported by Geo.X, the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (grant number SO 087 GeoX), and funding from the Helmholtz Association in the framework of MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems). We thank Cory Wallace, Branden Walker, Bill Cable, and Stephan Lange for helping with the data collection in the field.683030<180 Day Usage Count>921COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesAUG 262020171642614279
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-202019Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyNJ9EJGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005663466000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth Slave, South SlaveYellowknife, Detah, N'Dilo, KakisaYAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0070-5
Lived experience of a record wildfire season in the Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUEWildfire smoke; Mental health; Physical health; Adaptation; Climate change; SubarcticCLIMATE-CHANGE; HEALTH IMPACTS; SMOKE; RISK; PREPAREDNESS; MITIGATION; RESIDENTS; FIRE; COMMUNICATION; VULNERABILITYDodd, W; Scott, P; Howard, C; Scott, C; Rose, C; Cunsolo, A; Orbinski, JDodd, Warren; Scott, Patrick; Howard, Courtney; Scott, Craig; Rose, Caren; Cunsolo, Ashlee; Orbinski, JamesEnglishObjectives During the period of June-September 2014, the Northwest Territories (NWT) experienced its worst wildfire season on record, with prolonged smoke events and poor air quality. In the context of climate change, this study sought to qualitatively explore the lived experience of the 2014 wildfire season among four communities in the NWT. Methods Our team conducted 30 semi-structured interviews in four communities (Yellowknife, N'Dilo, Detah, and Kakisa). Interviewees were purposively sampled to include a broad cross-section of backgrounds and experiences. Interviews were video recorded, and the audio portion of each interview was transcribed to facilitate analysis and theme generation. Results Interviewees reported how their experiences of evacuation and isolation as well as feelings of fear, stress, and uncertainty contributed to acute and long-term negative impacts for their mental and emotional well-being. Prolonged smoke events were linked to extended time indoors and respiratory problems. Livelihood and land-based activities were disrupted for some interviewees, which had negative consequences for mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Individual and community stories of adaptation and resilience prior to and during the summer, including the opening of indoor recreational spaces, were shared; however, there was consensus about the need for improved risk communication and coordination at the community and territorial levels to address similar events in the future. Conclusion Coordinated community-based education, communication, and adaptation initiatives that are inclusive of local knowledge, values, and context are needed to address the expressed needs of community members associated with prolonged smoke events and wildfire seasons.[Dodd, Warren] Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Scott, Patrick] Workers Safety & Compensat Commiss Northwest Terr, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Howard, Courtney] Canadian Assoc Phys Environm, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Howard, Courtney] Northwest Terr Hlth & Social Serv Author, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Howard, Courtney] Univ Calgary, Cumming Sch Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Scott, Craig] Ecol North, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Rose, Caren] Univ British Columbia Vancouver, Sch Populat & Publ Hlth, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Rose, Caren] British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Rose, Caren] Ctr Hlth Evaluat & Outcomes Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Cunsolo, Ashlee] Mem Univ, Labrador Inst, Labrador City, NF, Canada; [Orbinski, James] York Univ, Dandaleh Inst Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Orbinski, James] York Univ, Fac Hlth, Sch Hlth Policy & Management, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Orbinski, James] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; University of Calgary; University of British Columbia; Memorial University Newfoundland; York University - Canada; York University - Canada; University of TorontoDodd, W (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada.wdodd@uwaterloo.caDodd, Warren/0000-0003-0774-7644Health Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program for First Nations and Inuit CommunitiesHealth Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program for First Nations and Inuit CommunitiesHealth Canada's Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program for First Nations and Inuit Communities.554848<180 Day Usage Count>229SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AGCHAMGEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND0008-42631920-7476CAN J PUBLIC HEALTHCan. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ.JUN20181093327337
http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0070-5http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-018-0070-511Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthHF2BW29981098Green Accepted, Green Published2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0004540421000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research Station, Taiga Plains ecozoneNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3301-2021
Long-term climate-influenced land cover change in discontinuous permafrost peatland complexes
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESCONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CARBON ACCUMULATION; BOREAL PEATLANDS; SCOTTY CREEK; THAW; HYDROLOGY; FOREST; DEPTH; NWTCarpino, O; Haynes, K; Connon, R; Craig, J; Devoie, E; Quinton, WCarpino, Olivia; Haynes, Kristine; Connon, Ryan; Craig, James; Devoie, Elise; Quinton, WilliamEnglishThe discontinuous permafrost zone is undergoing rapid transformation as a result of unprecedented permafrost thaw brought on by circumpolar climate warming. Rapid warming over recent decades has significantly decreased the area underlain by permafrost in peatland complexes. It has catalysed extensive landscape transitions in the Taiga Plains of northwestern Canada, transforming forest-dominated landscapes to those that are wetland dominated. However, the advanced stages of this landscape transition, and the hydrological and thermal mechanisms and feedbacks governing these environments, are unclear. This study explores the current trajectory of land cover change across a 300 000 km(2) region of northwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost zone by presenting a north-south space-for-time substitution that capitalizes on the region's 600 km latitudinal span. We combine extensive geomatics data across the Taiga Plains with ground-based hydrometeorological measurements collected in the Scotty Creek basin, Northwest Territories, Canada, which is located in the medial latitudes of the Taiga Plains and is undergoing rapid landscape change. These data are used to inform a new conceptual framework of landscape evolution that accounts for the observed patterns of permafrost thaw-induced land cover change and provides a basis for predicting future changes. Permafrost thaw-induced changes in hydrology promote partial drainage and drying of collapse scar wetlands, leading to areas of afforestation forming treed wetlands without underlying permafrost. Across the north-south latitudinal gradient spanning the Taiga Plains, relatively undisturbed forested plateau-wetland complexes dominate the region's higher latitudes, forest-wetland patch-work are most prevalent at the medial latitudes, and forested peatlands are increasingly present across lower latitudes. This trend reflects the progression of wetland transition occurring locally in the plateau-wetland complexes of the Scotty Creek basin and informs our understanding of the anticipated trajectory of change in the discontinuous permafrost zone.[Carpino, Olivia; Haynes, Kristine; Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Connon, Ryan] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Craig, James; Devoie, Elise] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of WaterlooCarpino, O (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.ocarpino@wlu.caCarpino, Olivia/0000-0002-6884-204XArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-202007229]ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This research has been supported by the ArcticNet (Project02 (2018) grant) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-202007229).7666<180 Day Usage Count>114COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.JUN 16202125633013317
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3301-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3301-202117Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesSV7QEgold, Green Submitted2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006640130000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14084
Long-term deepened snow promotes tundra evergreen shrub growth and summertime ecosystem net CO2 gain but reduces soil carbon and nutrient pools
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYArctic; carbon cycling; climate change; deciduous shrub; snowfence; soil microbes; vegetation changes; winterUNFROZEN WATER-CONTENT; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PERMAFROST CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; SEASON RESPIRATION; PLANT-GROWTHChristiansen, CT; Lafreniere, MJ; Henry, GHR; Grogan, PChristiansen, Casper T.; Lafreniere, Melissa J.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Grogan, PaulEnglishArctic climate warming will be primarily during winter, resulting in increased snowfall in many regions. Previous tundra research on the impacts of deepened snow has generally been of short duration. Here, we report relatively long-term (7-9 years) effects of experimentally deepened snow on plant community structure, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), and soil biogeochemistry in Canadian Low Arctic mesic shrub tundra. The snowfence treatment enhanced snow depth from 0.3 to similar to 1 m, increasing winter soil temperatures by similar to 3 degrees C, but with no effect on summer soil temperature, moisture, or thaw depth. Nevertheless, shoot biomass of the evergreen shrub Rhododendron subarcticum was near-doubled by the snowfences, leading to a 52% increase in aboveground vascular plant biomass. Additionally, summertime NEE rates, measured in collars containing similar plant biomass across treatments, were consistently reduced similar to 30% in the snowfenced plots due to decreased ecosystem respiration rather than increased gross photosynthesis. Phosphate in the organic soil layer (0-10 cm depth) and nitrate in the mineral soil layer (15-25 cm depth) were substantially reduced within the snowfences (47-70 and 43%-73% reductions, respectively, across sampling times). Finally, the snowfences tended (p = .08) to reduce mineral soil layer C% by 40%, but with considerable within- and among plot variation due to cryoturbation across the landscape. These results indicate that enhanced snow accumulation is likely to further increase dominance of R.subarcticum in its favored locations, and reduce summertime respiration and soil biogeochemical pools. Since evergreens are relatively slow growing and of low stature, their increased dominance may constrain vegetation-related feedbacks to climate change. We found no evidence that deepened snow promoted deciduous shrub growth in mesic tundra, and conclude that the relatively strong R.subarcticum response to snow accumulation may explain the extensive spatial variability in observed circumpolar patterns of evergreen and deciduous shrub growth over the past 30 years.[Christiansen, Casper T.; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Christiansen, Casper T.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway; [Lafreniere, Melissa J.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Henry, Gregory H. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Queens University - Canada; University of British ColumbiaChristiansen, CT (corresponding author), Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway.christiansen.ct@gmail.comLafreniere, Melissa/0000-0002-9639-6825; Christiansen, Casper/0000-0002-4526-614XNSERC Discovery and Frontiers; Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Trillium Scholarship, Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and UniversitiesNSERC Discovery and Frontiers; Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Trillium Scholarship, Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and UniversitiesNSERC Discovery and Frontiers; Government of the Northwest Territories; Ontario Trillium Scholarship, Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities1173030<180 Day Usage Count>11118WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.AUG201824835083525
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14084http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1408418Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyGL6HK294119502023-03-14WOS:0004372847000210 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort coastline, Illisarvik, Banks IslandNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2113
Long-term field measurements of climate-induced thaw subsidence above ice wedges on hillslopes, western Arctic Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESclimate change; ice wedges; thaw subsidence; western ArcticDRAINED LAKE SITE; GARRY-ISLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; RICHARDS ISLAND; MACKENZIE DELTA; COAST; PERMAFROST; THERMOKARST; LAYER; CRYOSTRATIGRAPHYBurn, CR; Lewkowicz, AG; Wilson, MABurn, Christopher R.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Wilson, M. AliceEnglishNear-surface wedges of massive ice commonly outline polygons in tundra lowlands, but such polygons have been difficult to identify on hillslopes because soil movement flattens the ridges and infills the troughs that form beside and above the ice wedges. Over the past three decades, the active layer has thickened near the western Arctic coast of Canada and consequent thawing of ice wedges has been detected by remote sensing for flat terrain but not, generally, on hillslopes. Annual field surveys (1996-2018) at the Illisarvik field site of thaw depth and ground surface elevation show the mean subsidence rate above hillslope ice wedges has been up to 32 mm a(-1) since thaw depth reached the ice-wedge tops in 2007. Annual mean ground temperatures at the site are about -3.0 degrees C beneath late-winter snow depths characteristic of the ice-wedge troughs but about -5.3 degrees C under conditions of the intervening polygons. The rate of thaw subsidence is high for natural, subaerial disturbances because meltwater from the ice wedges runs off downslope. The rate is constant, because the thickness of seasonally thawed ground above the ice wedges and the ice content of the ground remain the same while the troughs develop. Observations of changes in surface elevation in northern Banks Island between the late 1970s and 2019 show troughs on hillslopes where none was previously visible. Development of these troughs creates regional thermokarst landscapes, distinct from the widely recognized results of thawing relict glacier ice, that are now widespread over Canada's western Arctic coastlands. Recognition of ice-wedge occurrence and accelerated thaw subsidence on hillslopes is important in the design of infrastructure proposed for construction in rolling permafrost terrain.[Burn, Christopher R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Wilson, M. Alice] Aurora Coll, Aurora Res Inst, Inuvik, NT, CanadaCarleton University; University of OttawaBurn, CR (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.christopher.burn@carleton.caBurn, Christopher/0000-0002-8372-2927Polar Continental Shelf Project; Parks Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Aurora Research InstitutePolar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada); Parks Canada; Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Aurora Research InstitutePolar Continental Shelf Project; Parks Canada; Aurora Research Institute; Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada6155<180 Day Usage Count>210WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.APR2021322SI261276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2113http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21132021-05-01 00:00:0016Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologySJ0OC2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006503159000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPullen Island, Beaufort coastlineNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0003
Long-term ice-rich permafrost coast sensitivity to air temperatures and storm influence: lessons from Pullen Island, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEcoastal erosion; permafrost; slope instability; arctic climate changeRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; BEAUFORT SEA; GROUND-ICE; HERSCHEL ISLAND; YUKON-TERRITORY; ORGANIC-CARBON; BANKS-ISLAND; EROSION; SEDIMENTBerry, HB; Whalen, D; Lim, MBerry, H. Bay; Whalen, Dustin; Lim, MichaelEnglishResponse of erosive mechanisms to climate change is of mounting concern on Beaufort Sea coasts, which experience some of the highest erosion rates in the Arctic. Collapse of intact permafrost blocks and slumping within sprawling retrogressive thaw complexes are two predominant mechanisms that manifest as cliff retreat in this region. Using aerial imagery and ground survey data from Pullen Island, Northwest Territories., Canada, from 13 time points between 1947 and 2018, we observe increasing mean retreat rates from 0 +/- 4.8 m a(-1) in 1947 to 12 +/- 0.3 m a -1 in 2018. Mean summer air temperature was positively correlated with cliff retreat over each time step via block failure (r(2) = 0.08; p = 0.5) and slumping (r(2) = 0.41; p = 0.05), as was mean storm duration with cliff retreat via E block failure (r(2) = 0.84; p = 0.0002) and slumping (r(2) = 0.34; p = 0.08). These data indicate that (r(2) air temperature has a greater impact in slump-dominated areas, whereas storm duration has greater control in areas of block failure. Increasingly, heterogeneous cliff retreat rates are likely resulting from different magnitudes of response to climate trends depending on mechanism, and on geomorphological variations that prescribe occurrences of retrogressive thaw slumps.[Berry, H. Bay; Whalen, Dustin] Geol Survey Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Berry, H. Bay] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1459 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Lim, Michael] Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Elis Bldg,Northumberland Rd, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, Tyne & Wear, England; [Berry, H. Bay] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, CanadaBedford Institute of Oceanography; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Dalhousie University; Northumbria University; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a RimouskiBerry, HB (corresponding author), Geol Survey Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.;Berry, HB (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1459 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.;Berry, HB (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.bay.berry@uqar.caBerry, Heather Bay/0000-0001-8865-9800; Lim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773Natural Resources Canada through the Climate Change Geoscience Program and Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP); CrownIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environment and Research Assessment (BRSEA); Natural Environment and Research Council (NERC); Aurora Research Institute (ARI); Inuvialuit Game Council; Trappers Committee of Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk; Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC); Hunters Committee of Inuvik and TuktoyaktukNatural Resources Canada through the Climate Change Geoscience Program and Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP); CrownIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environment and Research Assessment (BRSEA); Natural Environment and Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Aurora Research Institute (ARI); Inuvialuit Game Council; Trappers Committee of Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk; Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC); Hunters Committee of Inuvik and TuktoyaktukFunding and support for this project was provided by Natural Resources Canada through the Climate Change Geoscience Program and Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP). Additional funding was provided by the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC) and CrownIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environment and Research Assessment (BRSEA). In addition, this work was made possible through the Natural Environment and Research Council (NERC) sponsored UK-Canada Arctic bursary program. We are grateful to the field crews, in particular Paul Fraser, Angus Robertson, Roger Macleod from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), and Andrew Clark from the University of Calgary for acquiring the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data used in this study. We would also like to acknowledge the Aurora Research Institute (ARI), the Inuvialuit Game Council, and the communities and Hunters and Trappers Committees of Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk for their continued support.5066<180 Day Usage Count>08CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC202174723745
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0003http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-000323Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsXO4MMgold, Green Accepted2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0007301610000020 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveBaker CreekNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1907
Long-Term River Icing Dynamics in Discontinuous Permafrost, Subarctic Canadian Shield
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESicing; rainfall; air temperature; winter runoff yield; Canadian ShieldCATCHMENTMorse, PD; Wolfe, SAMorse, P. D.; Wolfe, S. A.EnglishIcing development in the subarctic Canadian Shield is statistically related to antecedent autumn rainfall and periodic warming intervals in winter. Here, we integrate observations of streamflow, meteorology, and river icing dynamics at the Baker Creek Research Basin, Northwest Territories. We demonstrate that icing development is concordant with winter runoff yield, which is influenced by antecedent autumn rainfall as part of a storage threshold-mediated hydrologic regime that is characteristic of Canadian Shield hydrology. Icing development in Baker Creek typically occurs only if winter runoff is accompanied by frequent warming intervals. Icing dynamics in Baker Creek may now be largely controlled by air temperatures, since runoff in winter has been common since 1997. (c) 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Permafrost and Periglacial (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[Morse, P. D.; Wolfe, S. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Wolfe, S. A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton UniversityMorse, PD (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada.peter.morse@canada.caMorse, Peter/0000-0003-3740-2022; Wolfe, Stephen/0000-0001-7255-1184NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience ProgramNRCan's Climate Change Geoscience ProgramThis paper was developed during PDM's term as a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Visiting Fellow at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) with the Geological Survey of Canada. Funding and support for this research were received from the NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience Program. Discussions with Chris Spence, Steve Kokelj and Shawne Kokelj were greatly appreciated, and comments on the manuscript from Phillip Bonnaventure, Guest Editor Chris Burn and two referees were helpful and constructive. This publication is Earth Science Sector contribution 20150105.311212<180 Day Usage Count>07WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL-SEP2017283580586
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1907http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.19077Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGH7UC2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004336879000100 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Amundsen GulfNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic70428
Long-term, Harvest-based Monitoring of Ringed Seal Body Condition and Reproduction in Canada's Western Arctic: An Update through 2019
ArticleARCTICringed seal; sea ice; ovulation; ovulation failure; body condition; blubber depth; percent pups; Amundsen Gulf; Prince Albert Sound; sea ice clearance date; winter Arctic Oscillation IndexPRINCE-ALBERT-SOUND; PHOCA-HISPIDA; PUSA-HISPIDA; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MARINE MAMMALS; AMUNDSEN GULF; POLAR BEARS; HUDSON-BAY; ICEHarwood, LA; Smith, TG; Alikamik, J; Alikamik, E; Lea, EV; Stirling, I; Wright, H; Melling, H; Zhu, XHHarwood, Lois A.; Smith, Thomas G.; Alikamik, John; Alikamik, Emma; Lea, Ellen, V; Stirling, Ian; Wright, Harold; Melling, Humfrey; Zhu, XinhuaEnglishThe circumpolar Arctic ringed seal (Pusa hispida) occupies its fast-ice breeding habitat for four to five months during winter and the pack ice or open water of adjacent areas for the rest of the year. From 1971 - 78 and 1992 - 2019, we sampled approximately 100 ringed seals annually from western Prince Albert Sound (WPAS), the prime ringed seal fast-ice breeding habitat in Canada's Western Arctic, adjacent to primary overwinter foraging habitat in eastern Amundsen Gulf (EAG). As our metric of body condition, we measured ventral blubber depth corrected for body size. As our metrics of reproduction, we measured the annual ovulation rate of multiparous females and percent pups in the open-water harvest. We examined these biological parameters in relation to the winter Arctic Oscillation Index (winAOI) and the timing of sea ice clearance in EAG in spring. There were no significant effects of age or sample month (June or July) on adult blubber depth, but significant sex and year effects and, in females, ovulation status effects. Across the series, as we have observed previously through 2011, there was a sustained temporal declining trend in blubber depth in adults of both sexes. There was no temporal trend in residual blubber depth, no correlation between blubber depth and sea ice clearance date in EAG, and a quasi-cyclic pattern in blubber depth that tracked some of the phases of the winAOI. Annual ovulation rates were mainly in the 80% - 100% range and correlated with percent pups in the open-water harvest in the same year. Three (1974, 2005, 2012) of the 36 y had reproductive failures, when >= 50% of the multiparous females failed to ovulate. In each case, ovulation rates returned to normal within 1 - 3 y. Low annual ovulation rates were correlated with late sea ice clearance in EAG in spring, with two ovulation failure events taking place in years when spring sea ice clearance was delayed by five to six weeks. The most recent ovulation failure (2012) differed in that it came in an average ice year but at the end of a six-year sequence of negative residual mean blubber depths. Earlier spring sea ice clearance in WPAS, based on the observed rate of 3.8 d per decade, would on average not result in the physical loss of sea ice for pupping in this core habitat before 2140. The mechanisms involved in the sustained declining temporal trend in body condition, linkage with some phases of the winAOI, and the temporary but episodic failures of ovulation are complex and not fully explained by either the timing of sea ice clearance or the winAOI. Until the complex mix of factors, pressures and responses are understood, our ability to predict the impacts of a changing climate on ringed seals will remain limited.[Harwood, Lois A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 301-5204 50th Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada; [Smith, Thomas G.] EMC Eco Marine Corp, 5694 Camp Comfort Rd, Garthby, PQ G0Y 1B0, Canada; [Alikamik, John; Alikamik, Emma; Wright, Harold] Olokhaktomiut Hunters & Trappers Comm, Box 161, Ulukhaktok, NT X0E 0S0, Canada; [Lea, Ellen, V] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Box 1871, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Environm Canada, Wildlife Res Div, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Melling, Humfrey] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Rd, Columbia, BC V8L 4B2, Canada; [Zhu, Xinhua] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; Wildlife Research Division - Environment Canada; University of Alberta; University of Alberta; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHarwood, LA (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 301-5204 50th Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1E2, Canada.Lois.Harwood@dfo-mpo.gc.caStirling, Ian/0000-0002-1610-9305Fisheries Joint Management Committee under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA); Fisheries and Oceans CanadaFisheries Joint Management Committee under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA); Fisheries and Oceans CanadaThe efforts, experience, and skills of the community seal hunters and samplers were essential to this study. Inuvialuit elder, the late Jimmy Memogana, is acknowledged for making the seal sample collections in the Masoyak area in 1992, and working with us all for many decades. Michael C.S. Kingsley passed away in December 2016, and we gratefully acknowledge and recognize him for his friendship, expertise, and contributions over the decades of this study. Special thanks also go to Diane Codere (EMC), James Auld, and David Kuptana for assistance in the field, laboratory, with GIS, and project administration. Support for the annual field and lab work is provided by the Fisheries Joint Management Committee established under the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA), and operational costs are provided as IFA Implementation funds by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Full support annually has not wavered and, in large measure, this has contributed to the longevity and outcomes of this program. The support of the staff and members of the Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee in Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, was greatly appreciated throughout all aspects of the work. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Lori Quakenbush for their detailed and helpful reviews on an earlier version of this manuscript.761515<180 Day Usage Count>019ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticJUN2020732206220
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic70428http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic7042815Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyMG6OWgold2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0005461499000050 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1871-2022
Low biodegradability of particulate organic carbon mobilized from thaw slumps on the Peel Plateau, NT, and possible chemosynthesis and sorption effects
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESPERMAFROST CARBON; MATTER; DEGRADATION; TRANSPORT; RELEASE; SYSTEMS; SLOPES; GROWTH; NWTShakil, S; Tank, SE; Vonk, JE; Zolkos, SShakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; Vonk, Jorien E.; Zolkos, ScottEnglishWarming and wetting in the western Canadian Arctic are accelerating thaw-driven mass wasting by permafrost thaw slumps, increasing total organic carbon (TOC) delivery to headwater streams by orders of magnitude primarily due to increases in particulate organic carbon (POC). Upon thaw, permafrost carbon entering and transported within streams may be mineralized to CO2 or re-sequestered into sediments. The balance between these processes is an important uncertainty in the permafrost-carbon-climate feedback. Using aerobic incubations of TOC from streams affected by thaw slumps we find that slump-derived organic carbon undergoes minimal (similar to 4 %) oxidation over a 1-month period, indicating that this material may be predominantly destined for sediment deposition. Simultaneous measurements of POC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggest that mineralization of DOC accounted for most of the TOC loss. Our results indicate that mobilization of mineral-rich tills in this region may protect carbon from mineralization via adsorption to minerals and promote inorganic carbon sequestration via chemolithoautotrophic processes. With intensification of hillslope mass wasting across the northern permafrost zone, region-specific assessments of permafrost carbon fates and inquiries beyond organic carbon decomposition are needed to constrain drivers of carbon cycling and climate feedbacks within stream networks affected by permafrost thaw.[Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; Zolkos, Scott] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Zolkos, Scott] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USAUniversity of Alberta; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Harvard UniversityShakil, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.shakil@ualberta.ca; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Vonk, Jorien/0000-0002-1206-5878; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Western Arctic Research Centre; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada); ArcticNet; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship; Northern Scientific Training Program; UAlberta North; Aurora Research Institute; CICan Cleantech Internship ProgramTetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Western Arctic Research Centre; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada)(Natural Resources Canada); ArcticNet; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship; Northern Scientific Training Program; UAlberta North; Aurora Research Institute; CICan Cleantech Internship ProgramThis work took place within the Gwich'in Settlement Region, and we are thankful for support from the Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council and Western Arctic Research Centre. We are further thankful for the field assistance of Christine Firth, Elizabeth Jerome, Andrew Koe, Joyce Kendon, Maya Guttman, Luke Gjini, and Lindsay Stephen. Maya Guttman and Joyce Kendon also helped experiment set-up and sample processing. Hailey Verbonac assisted with O2 measurements during our 2015 experiments conducted in Inuvik. This paper also benefitted from helpful discussions with Steve Kokelj with regards to field sampling and perspectives on landscape changes in the region, Matthias Koschorreck and Rafael Marce with regards to chemoautotrophic processes, and Alex Wolfe who first provided advice to broaden consideration of what affects oxygen and carbon dynamics. The rotator used for incubations was designed and manufactured by technical services staff in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Alberta, supervised by Roger Marchand. Funding for this study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada), Campus Alberta Innovates Program, ArcticNet, CICan Cleantech Internship Program, Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship, Northern Scientific Training Program, University of Alberta and UAlberta North, and the Aurora Research Institute. Personal support to Sarah Shakil was provided by NSERC and the Garfield Weston Foundation. Research for this paper was conducted under NWT research licences 15685 (2015), 15685 (2016), 15887 (2017), and 16575 (2019).6322<180 Day Usage Count>48COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesAPR 4202219718711890
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1871-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1871-202220Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology0K4YPGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0007807958000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtu, Dehcho, North Slave, South SlaveDiscontinuous permafrost zone in the Taiga Plains ecozone, Mackenzie ValleyNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe74b
Mapping and understanding the vulnerability of northern peatlands to permafrost thaw at scales relevant to community adaptation planning
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSthermokarst; peramfrost thaw; community adaptation; spatial datasetNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE; CANADAGibson, C; Cottenie, K; Gingras-Hill, T; Kokelj, SV; Baltzer, JL; Chasmer, L; Turetsky, MRGibson, C.; Cottenie, K.; Gingras-Hill, T.; Kokelj, S., V; Baltzer, J. L.; Chasmer, L.; Turetsky, M. R.EnglishDeveloping spatially explicit permafrost datasets and climate assessments at scales relevant to northern communities is increasingly important as land users and decision makers incorporate changing permafrost conditions in community and adaptation planning. This need is particularly strong within the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Northwest Territories (NWT) Canada where permafrost peatlands are undergoing rapid thaw due to a warming climate. Current data products for predicting landscapes at risk of thaw are generally built at circumpolar scales and do not lend themselves well to fine-scale regional interpretations. Here, we present a new permafrost vulnerability dataset that assesses the degree of permafrost thaw within peatlands across a 750 km latitudinal gradient in the NWT. This updated dataset provides spatially explicit estimates of where peatland thermokarst potential exists, thus making it much more suitable for local, regional or community usage. Within southern peatland complexes, we show that permafrost thaw affects up to 70% of the peatland area and that thaw is strongly mediated by both latitude and elevation, with widespread thaw occuring particularly at low elevations. At the northern end of our latitudinal gradient, peatland permafrost remains climate-protected with relatively little thaw. Collectively these results demonstrate the importance of scale in permafrost analyses and mapping if research is to support northern communities and decision makers in a changing climate. This study offers a more scale-appropriate approach to support community adaptative planning under scenarios of continued warming and widespread permafrost thaw.[Gibson, C.; Cottenie, K.; Turetsky, M. R.] Univ Guelph, Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Gingras-Hill, T.; Baltzer, J. L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Gingras-Hill, T.; Kokelj, S., V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Chasmer, L.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Turetsky, M. R.] Colorado Univ, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USAUniversity of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Lethbridge; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderGibson, C (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada.cgibson3@ualberta.caClimate Change Preparedness Program, Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories; National Science and Engineering Council of Canada; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Wilfrid Laurier University; GNWT-WLU partnership; NWT Centre for Geomatics, Geological Survey of Canada; Department of ENR-GNWT and several academic partnersClimate Change Preparedness Program, Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories; National Science and Engineering Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Wilfrid Laurier University; GNWT-WLU partnership; NWT Centre for Geomatics, Geological Survey of Canada; Department of ENR-GNWT and several academic partnersWe thank members of the NWT thermokarst collective for their thoughtful comments and help in developing the mapping products. This work is a contribution to the Northwest Territories Thermokarst Mapping Collective, supported by core funding from the Climate Change Preparedness Program, Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories. Additional support was provided by the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada, the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, and CFREF Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures, and Wilfrid Laurier University. Implementation and management of the NWT Thermokarst Collective has been possible through the Northwest Territories Geological Survey with support from GNWT-WLU partnership, NWT Centre for Geomatics, Geological Survey of Canada and Department of ENR-GNWT and several academic partners. NWT Geological Survey Contribution #0134.6388<180 Day Usage Count>619IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAY2021165
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe74bhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe74b11Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesSB0ONGreen Published, gold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006497027000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Banks IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3000648
Mapping Retrogressive Thaw Slumps Using Single-Pass TanDEM-X Observations
ArticleIEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSINGSatellites; Vegetation mapping; Digital elevation models; Ice; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Abrupt thaw; banks island; digital elevation model (DEM) differencing; DEM generation; interferometry; Mackenzie river delta; permafrost; remote sensing; retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs); single-pass radar interferometry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); thermokarstRICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; HERSCHEL ISLAND; RANDOM FOREST; BANKS-ISLAND; TERRASAR-X; INTERFEROMETRY; GENERATION; PLATEAU; REGIONBernhard, P; Zwieback, S; Leinss, S; Hajnsek, IBernhard, Philipp; Zwieback, Simon; Leinss, Silvan; Hajnsek, IrenaEnglishVast areas of the Arctic host ice-rich permafrost, which is becoming increasingly vulnerable to terrain-altering thermokarst in a warming climate. Among the most rapid and dramatic changes are retrogressive thaw slumps. These slumps evolve by a retreat of the slump headwall during the summer months, making them detectable by comparing digital elevation models over time using the volumetric change as an indicator. Here, we present and assess a method to detect and monitor thaw slumps using time series of elevation models applied on two contrasting study areas in Northern Canada. Our two-step method is tailored to single-pass InSAR observations from the TanDEM-X satellite pair, which have been acquired since 2011. For each acquisition, we derive a digital elevation model and uncertainty estimates. In the first step, we difference digital elevation models and detect the significant elevation changes using a blob-detection algorithm. In the second step, we classify the detections into those due to thaw slumps and other causes using a simple thresholding method (accuracy: 78%), a random forest classifier (87%), and a support vector machine (86%). When our method is applied to other areas, the classifiers should be trained with data from part of the study area or with data obtained from similar areas in terms of topography, vegetation, and thaw slump characteristics to achieve the best performance. The obtained locations of thaw slumps can be used as a starting point to extract important slump properties, such as the headwall height and the volumetric change, which are currently not available on regional scales.[Bernhard, Philipp; Leinss, Silvan; Hajnsek, Irena] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; [Zwieback, Simon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Hajnsek, Irena] German Aerosp Ctr DLR eV, Microwaves & Radar Inst, D-82234 Wessling, GermanySwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR)Bernhard, P (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.bernhard@ifu.baug.ethz.ch; szwieback@alaska.edu; leinss@ifu.baug.ethz.ch; irena.hajnsek@dlr.deHajnsek, Irena/AAH-1504-2021; Leinss, Silvan/AAV-5848-2021Leinss, Silvan/0000-0002-4467-5793; Hajnsek, Irena/0000-0002-0926-3283; Bernhard, Philipp/0000-0003-3243-667X6599<180 Day Usage Count>416IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INCPISCATAWAY445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA1939-14042151-1535IEEE J-STARSIEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.20201332633280
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3000648http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2020.300064818Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyMD4RBgold, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005439582000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087917
Massive Ice Control on Permafrost Coast Erosion and Sensitivity
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSpermafrost</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>; massive ice</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>; geohazard</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>; coastal erosion</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>; thaw slump</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>; passive seismic</AUTHOR_KEYWORD>WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; GROUND-ICE; HERSCHEL ISLAND; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; YUKON-TERRITORY; RICHARDS ISLAND; ORGANIC-CARBON; CANADA; STRATIGRAPHYLim, M; Whalen, D; Martin, J; Mann, PJ; Hayes, S; Fraser, P; Berry, HB; Ouellette, DLim, M.; Whalen, D.; Martin, J.; Mann, P. J.; Hayes, S.; Fraser, P.; Berry, H. B.; Ouellette, D.EnglishHigh overall rates of permafrost cliff retreat, coupled with spatial variability, have been accompanied by increased uncertainty over future landscape dynamics. We map long-term (>80 years) retreat of the shoreline and photogrammetrically analyze historic aerial imagery to quantify the processes at a permafrost coast site with massive ground ice. Retreat rates have been relatively constant, but topographic changes show that subsidence is a potentially critical but often ignored component of coastal sensitivity, exceeding landward recession by over three times during the last 24 years. We calibrate novel passive seismic surveys along clear and variable exposures of massive ground ice and then spatially map key subsurface layers. Combining decadal patterns of volumetric change with new ground ice variation maps enables past trends to be interpreted, future volumetric geomorphic behavior to be better constrained, and improves the assessment of permafrost coast sensitivity and the release of carbon-bearing material.[Lim, M.; Martin, J.; Mann, P. J.; Hayes, S.] Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; [Whalen, D.; Fraser, P.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Berry, H. B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Ouellette, D.] Univ Calgary, Schulich Sch Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB, CanadaNorthumbria University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Dalhousie University; University of CalgaryLim, M (corresponding author), Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Ellison Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.michael.lim@northumbria.ac.uk; Mann, Paul/H-7268-2014Hayes, Samuel/0000-0002-2710-7305; Lim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773; Mann, Paul/0000-0002-6221-3533; Berry, Heather Bay/0000-0001-8865-9800NERC Arctic office UK-Canada Bursary scheme; Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters, and Trappers Committee; Parks Canada [PCL-2018-2701-02]NERC Arctic office UK-Canada Bursary scheme; Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters, and Trappers Committee; Parks CanadaThe authors thank and acknowledge the support of the NERC Arctic office UK-Canada Bursary scheme, the Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk Hunters, and Trappers Committee and Parks Canada (Permit #: PCL-2018-2701-02), and we thank Dr. Erin Trochim and Professor Scott Lamoureux for their insightful and helpful comments.421111<180 Day Usage Count>114AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.SEP 1620204717
e2020GL087917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087917http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL0879179Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyNS6YYGreen Accepted, hybrid2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0005724061000660 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktukNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14199-2021
Measurement report: The chemical composition of and temporal variability in aerosol particles at Tuktoyaktuk, Canada, during <?xmltex \hack{\break}?>the Year of Polar Prediction Second Special Observing Period
ArticleATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICSPARTICULATE MATTER; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BLACK CARBON; SEA-SALT; MARINE; SUMMER; FINE; PM2.5; EMISSIONS; CLIMATEMacInnis, J; Chaubey, JP; Weagle, C; Atkinson, D; Chang, RYWMacInnis, John; Chaubey, Jai Prakash; Weagle, Crystal; Atkinson, David; Chang, Rachel Ying-WenEnglishThe chemical composition, sources, and concentrations of aerosol particles vary on a seasonal basis in the Arctic. While existing research has focused on understanding the occurrence of aerosol particles during the Arctic winter and spring, less is known of their occurrence during the Arctic summer. In this study, atmospheric aerosol particle chemical composition and concentration were determined during July-September 2018 at Tuktoyaktuk, NT, Canada (69.4 degrees N, 133.0 degrees W), to coincide with the Year of Polar Prediction's Second Special Observing Period in the Arctic. The chemical composition of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) aerosol filter samples suggests the ocean, mineral and/or road dust, and combustion were sources of the sampled aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM2 and PM10, estimated from optical particle counter measurements, remained within a similar range during the study. However, elevated mass concentrations coincided with a festival in the community of Tuktoyaktuk, suggesting local human activity was an important source of aerosol particles. Mass concentrations of PM2, which promote negative health effects in humans, were significantly lower at Tuktoyaktuk than the national air quality standard recommended by the government of Canada. These measurements provide an important baseline to compare with future measurements associated with the assessment of aerosol chemistry and air quality in the Arctic.[MacInnis, John; Chaubey, Jai Prakash; Weagle, Crystal; Chang, Rachel Ying-Wen] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Weagle, Crystal] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Atkinson, David] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaDalhousie University; Washington University (WUSTL); University of VictoriaChang, RYW (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.rachel.chang@dal.caChang, Rachel Ying-Wen/0000-0003-2337-098XPolar Knowledge Canada [NST-1718-0001]; Canada Research Chairs [CRC-2013-00056]Polar Knowledge Canada; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR)This research has been supported by Polar Knowledge Canada (grant no. NST-1718-0001) and Canada Research Chairs (grant no. CRC-2013-00056).6800<180 Day Usage Count>410COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1680-73161680-7324ATMOS CHEM PHYSAtmos. Chem. Phys.SEP 24202121181419914213
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14199-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14199-202115Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesUZ4EMGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007021601000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006204
Mechanisms of Discontinuous Permafrost Thaw in Peatlands
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACEtalik; permafrost; cold regions; hydrology; thermodynamics; peatlandsACTIVE-LAYER; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SCOTTY CREEK; HYDROLOGY; PEAT; CONNECTIVITY; NWTDevoie, EG; Craig, JR; Dominico, M; Carpino, O; Connon, RF; Rudy, ACA; Quinton, WLDevoie, Elise G.; Craig, James R.; Dominico, Mason; Carpino, Olivia; Connon, Ryan F.; Rudy, Ashley C. A.; Quinton, William L.EnglishClimate warming in discontinuous permafrost peatlands is causing permafrost loss and changes in ecosystem dynamics at an unprecedented rate. Though rates of permafrost loss and landscape change have been widely documented based on remote sensing and field measurements, the local mechanisms of permafrost degradation remain under-studied. These mechanisms were explored using data collected over three decades of research in the Scotty Creek study basin in the southern Northwest Territories of Canada. The data, when compared to numerical modeling results, demonstrated that vertical heat conduction accounts for most vertical permafrost degradation, while advective heat transfer drives thaw in features which are subject to seasonal flows. It was found that heat advection was necessary to describe lateral thaw rates of up to 115 cm annually, which are an order of magnitude greater than vertical thaw rates, which average 10 cm annually. Thaw from below, driven either by the geothermal gradient or groundwater flow, may account for up to 10 cm of permafrost thaw annually. The hydrologic, thermodynamic and geophysical function of taliks in different parts of the landscape were considered in light of the data collected at the field site and surrounding area. This analysis is supported through the use of ERT data detailing the subsurface permafrost structure. This understanding of local thaw mechanisms and trajectory is an important first step in being able to predict distributed permafrost thaw in peatlands.[Devoie, Elise G.; Craig, James R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Dominico, Mason; Carpino, Olivia; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Connon, Ryan F.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Rudy, Ashley C. A.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityDevoie, EG (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada.egdevoie@uwaterloo.caDominico, Mason/0000-0002-5051-8612; Carpino, Olivia/0000-0002-6884-204XArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Dehcho First NationsArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Dehcho First NationsWe greatly appreciate the support from Gabriel Hould Gosselin, John Coughlin and Dirk J. Friesen in data collection and fieldwork, as well as Kristine Haynes in data processing. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Dehcho First Nations, in particular, the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean Marie River First Nation. We also thank these communities for their long-standing support of the Scotty Creek Research Station. This work was funded by ArcticNet through their support of the Dehcho Collaborative on Permafrost, and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We also acknowledge the Canada Foundation for Innovation for providing funding for infrastructure critical to this study and the Northern Scientific Training Program for providing additional funding for this project. The valuable contributions to this work from the anonymous reviewers is also appreciated.4444<180 Day Usage Count>513AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-90032169-9011J GEOPHYS RES-EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.NOV202112611
e2021JF006204
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006204http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JF00620417Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyXD1HY2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007224640000080 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTundra Mine and Salmita Mine, northeast of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10213-2
Mediation of arsenic mobility by organic matter in mining-impacted sediment from sub-Arctic lakes: implications for environmental monitoring in a warming climate
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCESArsenic speciation; Mine waste; Climate change; Contaminant mobility; Environmental monitoringSOLID-PHASE SPECIATION; ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS; GOLD MINE EFFLUENT; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ACCUMULATION RATES; YELLOWKNIFE; IRON; SORPTION; CARBON; FERRIHYDRITEMiller, CB; Parsons, MB; Jamieson, HE; Ardakani, OH; Patterson, RT; Galloway, JMMiller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.; Ardakani, Omid H.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Galloway, Jennifer M.EnglishArsenic (As) is commonly sequestered at the sediment-water interface (SWI) in mining-impacted lakes through adsorption and/or co-precipitation with authigenic iron (Fe)-(oxy)hydroxides or sulfides. The results of this study demonstrate that the accumulation of organic matter (OM) in near-surface sediments also influences the mobility and fate of As in sub-Arctic lakes. Sediment gravity cores, sediment grab samples, and porewaters were collected from three lakes downstream of the former Tundra gold mine, Northwest Territories, Canada. Analysis of sediment using combined micro-X-ray fluorescence/diffraction, K-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES), and organic petrography shows that As is associated with both aquatic (benthic and planktonic alginate) and terrestrially derived OM (e.g., cutinite, funginite). Most As is hosted by fine-grained Fe-(oxy)hydroxides or sulfide minerals (e.g., goethite, orpiment, lepidocrocite, and mackinawite); however, grain-scale synchrotron-based analysis shows that As is also associated with amorphous OM. Mixed As oxidation states in porewater (median = 62% As (V), 18% As (III); n = 20) and sediment (median = 80% As (-I) and (III), 20% As (V); n = 9) indicate the presence of variable redox conditions in the near-surface sediment and suggest that post-depositional remobilization of As has occurred. Detailed characterization of As-bearing OM at and below the SWI suggests that OM plays an important role in stabilizing redox-sensitive authigenic minerals and associated As. Based on these findings, it is expected that increased concentrations of labile OM will drive post-depositional surface enrichment of As in mining-impacted lakes and may increase or decrease As flux from sediments to overlying surface waters.[Miller, Clare B.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Ore Deposits & Earth Sci Codes, Dept Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia; [Miller, Clare B.; Parsons, Michael B.; Jamieson, Heather E.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Parsons, Michael B.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Ardakani, Omid H.; Galloway, Jennifer M.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, 3303-33 St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Patterson, R. Timothy; Galloway, Jennifer M.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaUniversity of Tasmania; Queens University - Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; University of OttawaMiller, CB (corresponding author), Univ Tasmania, Ctr Ore Deposits & Earth Sci Codes, Dept Earth Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.;Miller, CB (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.clare.miller@utas.edu.auMiller, Clare/0000-0003-3241-0314CAUL; Polar Knowledge Canada [1519-149]; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN/03736-2016]; NSERC Northern Research Supplement [RGPNS/305500-2016]; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge; Northern Scientific Training programs [306001]CAUL; Polar Knowledge Canada; Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Research Supplement; NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge; Northern Scientific Training programsOpen Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This project was jointly funded by Polar Knowledge Canada (Project#1519-149, to JMG and RTP (Carleton University)), the Environmental Geoscience Program, Natural Resources Canada (Metal Mining Project, MBP; Northern Baselines Activity, JMG), a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (HEJ; RGPIN/03736-2016), a NSERC Northern Research Supplement (HEJ; RGPNS/305500-2016), the NSERC Create Mine of Knowledge (CBM, Principle Investigator: Marc Amyot, Universite de Montreal) and the Northern Scientific Training programs (CBM, Project #306001).11100<180 Day Usage Count>417SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1866-62801866-6299ENVIRON EARTH SCIEnviron. Earth Sci.FEB2022814
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10213-2http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10213-220Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water ResourcesZB4FT35222729hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0007568005000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie River, Mackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.694062
Merging Satellite and in situ Data to Assess the Flux of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Carbon From the Mackenzie River to the Coastal Beaufort Sea
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEterrestrial DOC; land-to-sea interface; permafrost; Mackenzie delta; space remote sensingARCTIC-OCEAN; STORM-SURGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; MATTER CDOM; DELTA; MODEL; SHELF; DYNAMICS; COLOR; ICEBertin, C; Matsuoka, A; Mangin, A; Babin, M; Le Fouest, VBertin, Clement; Matsuoka, Atsushi; Mangin, Antoine; Babin, Marcel; Le Fouest, VincentEnglishIn response to global warming, the Arctic is undergoing rapid and unprecedented changes that alter the land-to-sea forcing in large Arctic rivers. Improving our knowledge of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) flux to the coastal Arctic Ocean (AO) is thus critical and timely as these changes strongly alter the biogeochemical cycles on AO shelves. In this study, we merged riverine in situ tDOC concentrations with satellite ocean-color estimates retrieved at the land-marine interface of the Mackenzie Delta to make a first assessment of the tDOC export from its main outlets to the shelf. We combined tDOC and river discharge data to develop a regression model that simulated tDOC concentrations and fluxes from daily to interannual (2003-2017) time scales. We then compared the simulated satellite-derived estimates to those simulated by the model constrained by in situ tDOC data only. As the satellite tDOC estimates reflect the delta effect in terms of tDOC enrichment and removal, our results inform us of how much tDOC can potentially leave the delta to reach the ocean (1.44 +/- 0.14 TgC.yr(-1)). The chemodynamic relationships and the model suggest contrasting patterns between Shallow Bay and the two easternmost delta outlets, which can be explained by the variability in their geomorphological settings. At the seasonal scale and for all outlets, the satellite-derived tDOC export departs from the estimate based on in situ tDOC data only. During the river freshet in May, the satellite-derived tDOC export is, on average, similar to 15% (Shallow Bay) to similar to 20% (Beluga Bay) lower than the in situ-derived estimate. This difference was the highest (-60%) in 2005 and exceeds 30% over most of the last decade, and can be explained by qualitative and quantitative differences between the tDOC(in situ) and tDOC(sat) datasets in a period when the freshet is highly variable. In contrast, in summer and fall, the satellite-derived tDOC export is higher than the in situ-derived estimate. The temporal difference between the satellite and in situ-derived export estimates suggests that predicting seasonal tDOC concentrations and fluxes from remote Arctic deltas to the coastal AO remains a challenge for assessing their impact on already changing carbon fluxes.[Bertin, Clement; Le Fouest, Vincent] LIttoral Environm & Soc LIENSs, UMR 7266, La Rochelle, France; [Matsuoka, Atsushi; Babin, Marcel] CNRS, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Matsuoka, Atsushi] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Mangin, Antoine] ACRI ST, Sophia Antipolis, FranceCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); University System Of New Hampshire; University of New HampshireBertin, C (corresponding author), LIttoral Environm & Soc LIENSs, UMR 7266, La Rochelle, France.clement.bertin1@univ-lr.frLe Fouest, Vincent/B-8147-2019Le Fouest, Vincent/0000-0003-4295-9714; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253; Bertin, Clement/0000-0002-1097-3856French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation; European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [773421]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, LEFE program); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) [19RT000542]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NM0018D0004]; NASA Earth Science Divisions Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) programFrench Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation; European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, LEFE program); Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA Earth Science Divisions Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) programCB was supported by a PhD fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. This work is part of the Nunataryuk project. The project has received funding under the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 773421. This work was also funded by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, LEFE program). Part of this research was supported by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) to AM (contract #19RT000542). This work was supported by the NASA Earth Science Divisions Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) program through an award to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004).7311<180 Day Usage Count>516FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.FEB 21202210
694062
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.694062http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.69406213Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyZX7RXGreen Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0007720922000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaDempster Highway, Fort McPherson, TsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac074
Microbial biodiversity contributes to soil carbon release: a case study on fire disturbed boreal forests
ArticleFEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGYbacterial diversity; fungal diversity; microbial community composition; microbial functional genes; soil carbon emission; structural equation modellingCOMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; DIVERSITY; GRASSLAND; DECOMPOSITION; INCREASES; LITTER; REGION; FUNGIZhou, X; Sun, H; Heinonsalo, J; Pumpanen, J; Berninger, FZhou, Xuan; Sun, Hui; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Pumpanen, Jukka; Berninger, FrankEnglishMicrobial biodiversity plays the dominant role in soil carbon emissions in fire-disturbed boreal forests. Microbial communities often possess enormous diversity, raising questions about whether this diversity drives ecosystem functioning, especially the influence of diversity on soil decomposition and respiration. Although functional redundancy is widely observed in soil microorganisms, evidence that species occupy distinct metabolic niches has also emerged. In this paper, we found that apart from the environmental variables, increases in microbial diversity, notably bacterial diversity, lead to an increase in soil C emissions. This was demonstrated using structural equation modelling (SEM), linking soil respiration with naturally differing levels of soil physio-chemical properties, vegetation coverage, and microbial diversity after fire disturbance. Our SEMs also revealed that models including bacterial diversity explained more variation of soil CO2 emissions (about 45%) than fungal diversity (about 38%). A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that fungi are more multifunctional than bacteria and, therefore, an increase in fungal diversity does not necessarily change soil respiration. Further analysis on functional gene structure suggested that bacterial and fungal diversities mainly explain the potential decomposition of recalcitrant C compare with that of labile C. Overall, by incorporating microbial diversity and the environmental variables, the predictive power of models on soil C emission was significantly improved, indicating microbial diversity is crucial for predicting ecosystem functions.[Zhou, Xuan; Pumpanen, Jukka; Berninger, Frank] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu Campus, Joensuu 80101, Finland; [Sun, Hui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry China, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China; [Heinonsalo, Jussi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki 00014, FinlandUniversity of Eastern Finland; Nanjing Forestry University; University of HelsinkiZhou, X (corresponding author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, PL 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland.xuan.zhou@uef.fi, Xuan/0000-0002-3602-5870; Heinonsalo, Jussi/0000-0001-8516-1388Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 337550]; Kone foundation [201906598]Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Kone foundationThis study was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 286685, 294600, 307222, and 337550) and Kone foundation (grant number 201906598).7100<180 Day Usage Count>2236OXFORD UNIV PRESSOXFORDGREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND0168-64961574-6941FEMS MICROBIOL ECOLFEMS Microbiol. Ecol.JUL 212022988
fiac074
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac074http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac07411MicrobiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Microbiology3C7QQ35749564hybrid, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0008288150000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktukNAcademicNhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.582103/full
Microbial Greenhouse Gas Dynamics Associated With Warming Coastal Permafrost, Western Canadian Arctic
ArticleFRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCEpermafrost; methanogenesis; carbon; thaw; coastal erosionDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBENCY; MACKENZIE DELTA; CO2 PRODUCTION; ACTIVE LAYER; METHANE; FLUORESCENCE; RELEASE; SOIL; TEMPERATURELapham, LL; Dallimore, SR; Magen, C; Henderson, LC; Powers, LC; Gonsior, M; Clark, B; Cote, M; Fraser, P; Orcutt, BNLapham, Laura L.; Dallimore, Scott R.; Magen, Cedric; Henderson, Lillian C.; Powers, Leanne C.; Gonsior, Michael; Clark, Brittany; Cote, Michelle; Fraser, Paul; Orcutt, Beth N.EnglishPermafrost sediments contain one of the largest reservoirs of organic carbon on Earth that is relatively stable when it remains frozen. As air temperatures increase, the shallow permafrost thaws which allows this organic matter to be converted into potent greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through microbial processes. Along the Beaufort Sea coast in the vicinity of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada, warming air temperatures are causing the active layer above permafrost to deepen, and a number of active periglacial processes are causing rapid erosion of previously frozen permafrost. In this paper, we consider the biogeochemical consequences of these processes on the permafrost sediments found at Tuktoyaktuk Island. Our goals were to document the in situ carbon characteristics which can support microbial activity, and then consider rates of such activity if the permafrost material were to warm even further. Samples were collected from a 12 m permafrost core positioned on the top of the island adjacent to an eroding coastal bluff. Downcore CH4, total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and stable carbon isotopes revealed variable in situ CH4 concentrations down core with a sub-surface peak just below the current active layer. The highest DOC concentrations were observed in the active layer. Controlled incubations of sediment from various depths were carried out from several depths anaerobically under thawed (5 degrees C and 15 degrees C) and under frozen (-20 degrees C and -5 degrees C) conditions. These incubations resulted in gross production rates of CH4 and CO2 that increased upon thawing, as expected, but also showed appreciable production rates under frozen conditions. This dataset presents the potential for sediments below the active layer to produce potent greenhouse gases, even under frozen conditions, which could be an important atmospheric source in the actively eroding coastal zone even prior to thawing.[Lapham, Laura L.; Magen, Cedric; Henderson, Lillian C.; Powers, Leanne C.; Gonsior, Michael; Clark, Brittany] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; [Dallimore, Scott R.; Cote, Michelle; Fraser, Paul] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Orcutt, Beth N.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USAUniversity System of Maryland; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesLapham, LL (corresponding author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.lapham@umces.eduGonsior, Michael/D-3964-2012; Lapham, Laura Lee/AAD-7655-2022Gonsior, Michael/0000-0003-0542-4614; Lapham, Laura Lee/0000-0002-7045-1785; Powers, Leanne/0000-0002-3538-7431; Magen, Cedric/0000-0003-0758-2675; Henderson, Lillian/0000-0002-0143-2302Public Safety Geoscience Program, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada; Beaufort Regional Strategic Environment Assessment, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada [AGR-4935-ILOAI-NAC]; Maryland Sea Grant REU program (NSF) [OCE1262374]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PLR1417128, PLR-1416961]Public Safety Geoscience Program, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada; Beaufort Regional Strategic Environment Assessment, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada; Maryland Sea Grant REU program (NSF); U.S. National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))We thank our funding sources: Public Safety Geoscience Program, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada; Beaufort Regional Strategic Environment Assessment, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (AGR-4935-ILOAI-NAC); Maryland Sea Grant REU program (NSF grant OCE1262374); and U.S. National Science Foundation grants PLR1417128 (LLL) and PLR-1416961 (BNO).6944<180 Day Usage Count>1241FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-6463FRONT EARTH SC-SWITZFront. Earth Sci.DEC 1520208
582103
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.582103http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.58210315Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyPN6XS2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006046206000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104242
Microbial lipid signatures in Arctic deltaic sediments-Insights into methane cycling and climate variability
ArticleORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRYGDGT; Methane cycle; Mackenzie River; Temperature reconstruction; Carbon isotopesDIALKYL GLYCEROL TETRAETHERS; CARBON-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; THERMOKARST LAKE-SEDIMENTS; MACKENZIE DELTA; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; ETHER LIPIDS; MARINELattaud, J; De Jonge, C; Pearson, A; Elling, FJ; Eglinton, TILattaud, Julie; De Jonge, Cindy; Pearson, Ann; Elling, Felix J.; Eglinton, Timothy, IEnglishGlycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous biomolecules whose structural diversity or isotopic composition is increasingly used to reconstruct environmental changes such as air temperature or pCO(2). Isoprenoid GDGTs (iGDGT), in particular GDGT-0, are biosynthesized by a large range of Archaea. To assess the potential of GDGT-0 as a tracer of past methane cycle variations, three sediment cores from the Mackenzie River Delta have been studied for iGDGT and diploptene concentration, distribution and stable carbon signature. The absence of crenarchaeol, high GDGT-0 vs crenarchaeol ratio values, and C-13-enriched carbon signature of GDGT-0 indicate production by acetoclastic methanogens as well as heterotrophic Archaea. The oxidation of methane seems to be dominated by bacteria as indicated by the high abundance of C-13-depleted diploptene. Branched GDGTs (brGDGT), thought to be produced by heterotrophic bacteria, are dominated by hexa-and penta-methylated 5- and 6-methyl compounds. The presence of 5,6-methyl isomer IIIa points towards in situ production of brGDGTs, with only a minor input from soil branched GDGT brought by the Mackenzie River. Carbon isotopic compositions of brGDGTs are in agreement with heterotrophic producers, likely living during summer. The reconstructed temperatures using a global lake calibration reflect recorded summer air temperature (+/- 2 degrees C) during the last 60 years, and further highlight the absence of warming in summer in this region during the last 200 years. Oxygen availability and connection time to the Mackenzie River also seem to control the distribution of brGDGT with an increase in 6-methyl and 5,6-methyl isomers during periods of increased anoxia. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.[Lattaud, Julie; De Jonge, Cindy; Eglinton, Timothy, I] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Biogeosci Grp, Sonneggstr 5, Zurich, Switzerland; [Pearson, Ann; Elling, Felix J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USASwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Harvard UniversityLattaud, J (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Biogeosci Grp, Sonneggstr 5, Zurich, Switzerland.jlattaud@ethz.chElling, Felix J/B-2149-2015; De Jonge, Cindy/GLN-7785-2022Elling, Felix J/0000-0003-0405-4033; De Jonge, Cindy/0000-0002-1127-8433; Pearson, Ann/0000-0003-2785-8405NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research [019.183EN.002]NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO))We thank members of the sampling team for collecting the sediment cores from the Mackenzie River lakes, Jorien Vonk for slicing MD-2 and UD-4, and Liviu Giosan for providing core MD-1. Daniel Montlucon is thanked for laboratory support, Steward Bishop and the Climate Geology group are thanked for instrument access. J.L. was funded by a Rubicon grant [019.183EN.002] from NWO, Netherlands Organization for scientific research.9233<180 Day Usage Count>1145PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0146-63801873-5290ORG GEOCHEMOrg. Geochem.JUL2021157
104242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104242http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.1042422021-05-01 00:00:0012Geochemistry & GeophysicsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geochemistry & GeophysicsSU9LAhybrid, Green Submitted, Green Published2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006634503000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078748
Mineral Weathering and the Permafrost Carbon-Climate Feedback
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERScarbon cycle; permafrost; carbonate; sulfide; weatheringRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; SULFIDE OXIDATION; EASTERN BERINGIA; PYRITE OXIDATION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DRAINAGE-BASIN; INTRUSIVE ICEZolkos, S; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SVZolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; Kokelj, Steven V.EnglishPermafrost thaw in the Arctic enables the biogeochemical transformation of vast stores of organic carbon into carbon dioxide (CO2). This CO2 release has significant implications for climate feedbacks, yet the potential counterbalance from CO2 fixation via chemical weathering of minerals exposed by thawing permafrost is entirely unstudied. We show that thermokarst in the western Canadian Arctic can enable rapid weathering of carbonate tills, driven by sulfuric acid from sulfide oxidation. Unlike carbonic acid-driven weathering, this caused significant and previously undocumented CO2 production and outgassing in headwater streams. Increasing riverine solute fluxes correspond with long-term intensification of thermokarst and reflect the regional predominance of sulfuric acid-driven carbonate weathering. We conclude that thermokarst-enhanced mineral weathering has potential to profoundly disrupt Arctic freshwater carbon cycling. While thermokarst and sulfuric acid-driven carbonate weathering in the western Canadian Arctic amplify CO2 release, regional variation in sulfide oxidation will moderate the effects on the permafrost carbon-climate feedback. Plain Language Summary In the Arctic, perennially frozen ground (permafrost) in previously glaciated regions stores abundant minerals and is often ice-rich. Therefore, this permafrost can rapidly thaw and collapse, resulting in thermokarst and exposing minerals to breakdown by chemical weathering. Mineral weathering by carbonic acid fixes CO2, making it less likely to enter the atmosphere. However, the effect of thermokarst on mineral weathering, carbon cycling, and rising atmospheric CO2 levels is unknown. We show thermokarst enhances weathering in streams in the western Canadian Arctic can rapidly produce significant and previously undocumented CO2 because carbonate weathering in this region is driven by sulfuric acid (from weathering of sulfide minerals) instead of carbonic acid. Long-term river chemistry reveals that this weathering is intensifying as thermokarst accelerates. Across the Arctic, increasing thermokarst will profoundly impact freshwater carbon cycling, yet the influence of weathering on climate feedbacks will depend on regional variation in the mineral composition of permafrost soils.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.zolkos@ualberta.caTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Arctic Institute of North AmericaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Arctic Institute of North AmericaResearch was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons, UAlberta Northern Research Award, Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program, and Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid. We thank Luke Gjini, Christine Firth, Sarah Shakil, Joyce Kendon, and Peter Snowshoe for field assistance and Environment Canada and the Water Survey of Canada for Peel River chemistry and discharge data, respectively. Data used are in the supporting information. NWT Geological Survey contribution 0113.773738<180 Day Usage Count>1381AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.SEP 282018451896239632
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078748http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL07874810Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyGX5DGBronze2023-03-11WOS:0004477613000330 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1975
Minor contribution of overstorey transpiration to landscape evapotranspiration in boreal permafrost peatlands
ArticleECOHYDROLOGYboreal forest; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; peatlands; permafrost; sap flow; wetlandsENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SAP FLOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CANOPY; FLUXES; THAW; FRAGMENTATION; DEGRADATION; DYNAMICSWarren, RK; Pappas, C; Helbig, M; Chasmer, LE; Berg, AA; Baltzer, JL; Quinton, WL; Sonnentag, OWarren, Rebecca K.; Pappas, Christoforos; Helbig, Manuel; Chasmer, Laura E.; Berg, Aaron A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Quinton, William L.; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishe Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water cycle, whereby accurate partitioning of ET into evaporation and transpiration provides important information about the intrinsically coupled carbon, water, and energy fluxes. Currently, global estimates of partitioned evaporative and transpiration fluxes remain highly uncertain, especially for high-latitude ecosystems where measurements are scarce. Forested peat plateaus underlain by permafrost and surrounded by permafrost-free wetlands characterize approximately 60% (7.0x10(7)km(2)) of Canadian peatlands. In this study, 22 Picea mariana (black spruce) individuals, the most common tree species of the North American boreal forest, were instrumented with sap flow sensors within the footprint of an eddy covariance tower measuring ET from a forest-wetland mosaic landscape. Sap flux density (J(S)), together with remote sensing data and in situ measurements of canopy structure, was used to upscale tree-level J(S) to overstorey transpiration (T-BS). Black spruce trees growing in nutrient-poor permafrost peat soils wre found to have lower mean J(S) than those growing in mineral soils. Overall, T-BS contributed less than 1% to landscape ET. Climate-change-induced forest loss and the expansion of wetlands may further minimize the contributions of T-BS to ET and increase the contribution of standing water.[Warren, Rebecca K.; Pappas, Christoforos; Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Warren, Rebecca K.; Pappas, Christoforos; Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Warren, Rebecca K.; Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura E.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; University of Guelph; University of Lethbridge; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWarren, RK (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.;Warren, RK (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote St Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.rkathwarren@gmail.comBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Helbig, Manuel/H-3690-2019Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Swiss National Science Foundation; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; ETH Zurich Foundation [P300P2_174477 P2EZP2_162293]; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund (CFI LOF); Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award; Canada Research ChairsOntario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); Stavros Niarchos Foundation; ETH Zurich Foundation(ETH Zurich); Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)(Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)); Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund (CFI LOF)(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award(Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR)Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Swiss National Science Foundation; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; ETH Zurich Foundation, Grant/ Award Number: P300P2_174477 P2EZP2_162293; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canadian Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund (CFI LOF); Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation Early Researcher Award; Canada Research Chairs542222<180 Day Usage Count>337WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1936-05841936-0592ECOHYDROLOGYEcohydrologyJUL2018115
e1975
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1975http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.197510Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesGL6ET2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004372750000200 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, Dehcho, South SlavePeel River, Liard River, Hay RiverNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.161
Modelling historical variability of phosphorus and organic carbon fluxes to the Mackenzie River, Canada
ArticleHYDROLOGY RESEARCHC-Q relationship; DOC and TP fluxes; historical trends; LOADEST model; statistical modelling; subarcticCLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIVITY; BASIN; STREAMFLOW; PATTERNS; DOCShrestha, RR; Prowse, TD; Tso, LShrestha, Rajesh R.; Prowse, Terry D.; Tso, LoisEnglishThis study provides an improved statistical modelling framework for understanding historical variability and trends in water constituent fluxes in subarctic western Canada. We evaluated total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes for the Hay, Liard and Peel tributaries of the Mackenzie River. The TP and DOC concentrations primarily exhibit chemodynamic relationships with discharge, with the exception of the chemostatic relationship between DOC and discharge for the Hay River. With this understanding, we explored a number of enhancements in the load estimation model that included the use of (i) linear regression and logarithmic models, (ii) air-temperature as an alternate input variable and (iii) quantile mapping for bias-correction. Further, we evaluated uncertainties in the simulation of fluxes and trends by using a bootstrapping method. The modelled TP and DOC fluxes show considerable seasonal and interannual variability that generally follow the runoff dynamics. The annual and seasonal trends are mostly small and insignificant, with the largest significant increases occurring in the winter months. These trends are amplified compared with discharge, suggesting the possibility of pronounced changes with large changes in discharge. Additionally, the results provide evidence that directly using limited water constituent samples for trend analysis can be problematic.[Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Prowse, Terry D.] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada; [Tso, Lois] Univ Victoria, Dept Civil Engn, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; University of VictoriaShrestha, RR (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Victoria, BC V8W 3R4, Canada.rajesh.shrestha@canada.caShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-64955256<180 Day Usage Count>04IWA PUBLISHINGLONDONALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND0029-12772224-7955HYDROL RESHydrol. Res.OCT201950514241439
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.161http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.16116Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesJF5NEgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004914320000160 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveBaker CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159382
Modelling Subarctic watershed dissolved organic carbon response to hydroclimatic regime
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTCatchment; Climate change; Dissolved organic matter; Dynamic modelling; HydroclimateLONG-TERM TRENDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST THAW; SURFACE WATERS; BOREAL LAKES; GIANT MINE; DYNAMICS; RUNOFF; EXPORT; CONNECTIVITYSharma, S; Futter, MN; Spence, C; Venkiteswaran, JJ; Whitfield, CJSharma, S.; Futter, M. N.; Spence, C.; Venkiteswaran, J. J.; Whitfield, C. J.EnglishShifts in hydroclimatic regimes associated with global climate change may impact freshwater availability and quality. In high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, where vast quantities of carbon are stored terrestrially, explaining landscape-scale carbon (C) budgets and associated pollutant transfer is necessary for understanding the impact of changing hydroclimatic regimes. We used a dynamic modelling approach to simulate streamflow, DOC concentration, and DOC export in a northern Canadian catchment that has undergone notable climate warming, and will continue to for the remainder of this century. The Integrated Catchment model for Carbon (INCA-C) was successfully calibrated to a multi-year period (2012-2016) that represents a range in hydrologic conditions. The model was subsequently run over 30-year periods representing baseline and two future climate scenarios. Average discharge is predicted to decrease under an elevated temperature scenario (22-27 % of baseline) but increase (116-175 % of baseline) under an elevated temperature and precipitation scenario. In the latter scenario the nival hydroclimatic regime is expected to shift to a com-bined nival and pluvial regime. Average DOC flux over 30 years is predicted to decrease (24-27 % of baseline) under the elevated temperature scenario, as higher DOC concentrations are offset by lower runoff. Under the elevated temperature and precipitation scenario, results suggest an increase in carbon export of 64-81 % above baseline. These increases are attributed to greater connectivity of the catchment. The largest increase in DOC export is expected to occur in early winter. These predicted changes in DOC export, particularly under a climate that is warmer and wetter could be part of larger eco-system change and warrant additional monitoring efforts in the region.[Sharma, S.; Whitfield, C. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Sharma, S.; Whitfield, C. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Futter, M. N.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Spence, C.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Venkiteswaran, J. J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWhitfield, CJ (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.colin.whitfield@usask.caSubarctic Metal Mobility Study; Canada First Research Excellence Fund Global Water Futures program; NSERC DiscoverySubarctic Metal Mobility Study; Canada First Research Excellence Fund Global Water Futures program; NSERC Discovery(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Funding for this work through the Subarctic Metal Mobility Study (JJV, CJW) was provided by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund Global Water Futures program and NSERC Discovery Grants awarded to JJV and CJW. We thank Robin Staples (NT government) and Pieter Aukes for providing DOC data to support this work. Comments from several reviewers which helped to refine and strengthen this manuscript are much appreciated.7400<180 Day Usage Count>1010ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JAN 2020238573
159382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159382http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.15938213Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology7N2DK362409382023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0009071549000080 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13546
Modelling the effects of permafrost loss on discharge from a wetland-dominated, discontinuous permafrost basin
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESCold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform; discharge; discontinuous permafrost; drainage network; flow paths; hydrological connectivity; land cover change; peatlandsFREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEAT PLATEAU; THAW; FOREST; SNOWMELT; FLUX; RADIATION; DEGRADATIONStone, LE; Fang, X; Haynes, KM; Helbig, M; Pomeroy, JW; Sonnentag, O; Quinton, WLStone, Lindsay E.; Fang, Xing; Haynes, Kristine M.; Helbig, Manuel; Pomeroy, John W.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Quinton, William L.EnglishPermafrost degradation in the peat-rich southern fringe of the discontinuous permafrost zone is catalysing substantial changes to land cover with expansion of permafrost-free wetlands (bogs and fens) and shrinkage of forest-dominated permafrost peat plateaux. Predicting discharge from headwater basins in this region depends upon understanding and numerically representing the interactions between storage and discharge within and between the major land cover types and how these interactions are changing. To better understand the implications of advanced permafrost thaw-induced land cover change on wetland discharge, with all landscape features capable of contributing to drainage networks, the hydrological behaviour of a channel fen sub-basin in the headwaters of Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada, dominated by peat plateau-bog complexes, was modelled using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform for the period of 2009 to 2015. The model construction was based on field water balance observations, and performance was deemed adequate when evaluated against measured water balance components. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of progressive permafrost loss on discharge from the sub-basin, in which all units of the sub-basin have the potential to contribute to the drainage network, by incrementally reducing the ratio of wetland to plateau in the modelled sub-basin. Simulated reductions in permafrost extent decreased total annual discharge from the channel fen by 2.5% for every 10% decrease in permafrost area due to increased surface storage capacity, reduced run-off efficiency, and increased landscape evapotranspiration. Runoff ratios for the fen hydrological response unit dropped from 0.54 to 0.48 after the simulated 50% permafrost area loss with a substantial reduction of 0.47 to 0.31 during the snowmelt season. The reduction in peat plateau area resulted in decreased seasonal variability in discharge due to changes in the flow path routing, with amplified low flows associated with small increases in subsurface discharge, and decreased peak discharge with large reductions in surface run-off.[Stone, Lindsay E.; Haynes, Kristine M.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Fang, Xing; Pomeroy, John W.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Saskatchewan; McMaster University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de MontrealHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caPomeroy, John W/A-8589-2013Pomeroy, John W/0000-0002-4782-7457; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Fang, Xing/0000-0002-4333-4815Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [CRDPJ 469053 - 14]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative [RGPCC - 433923-2012]; Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant/Award Number: CRDPJ 469053 - 14; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative, Grant/Award Number: RGPCC - 433923-2012; Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT); Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN)8466<180 Day Usage Count>344WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.SEP 302019332026072626
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13546http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.135462019-08-01 00:00:0020Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesIU8HT2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004822546000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14947
Moisture-driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large-scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal forest; climate change; divergence; drought; pacific decadal oscillation; Picea glauca; plasticity; tree-ring width; wood anatomyPINUS-SYLVESTRIS L.; PICEA-GLAUCA; WOOD ANATOMY; TIME-SERIES; SCOTS PINE; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; CAMBIAL ACTIVITY; MACKENZIE DELTA; GROWING-SEASONLange, J; Carrer, M; Pisaric, MFJ; Porter, TJ; Seo, JW; Trouillier, M; Wilmking, MLange, Jelena; Carrer, Marco; Pisaric, Michael F. J.; Porter, Trevor J.; Seo, Jeong-Wook; Trouillier, Mario; Wilmking, MartinEnglishTree growth at northern treelines is generally temperature-limited due to cold and short growing seasons. However, temperature-induced drought stress was repeatedly reported for certain regions of the boreal forest in northwestern North America, provoked by a significant increase in temperature and possibly reinforced by a regime shift of the pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The aim of this study is to better understand physiological growth reactions of white spruce, a dominant species of the North American boreal forest, to PDO regime shifts using quantitative wood anatomy and traditional tree-ring width (TRW) analysis. We investigated white spruce growth at latitudinal treeline across a >1,000 km gradient in northwestern North America. Functionally important xylem anatomical traits (lumen area, cell-wall thickness, cell number) and TRW were correlated with the drought-sensitive standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index of the growing season. Correlations were computed separately for complete phases of the PDO in the 20th century, representing alternating warm/dry (1925-1946), cool/wet (1947-1976) and again warm/dry (1977-1998) climate regimes. Xylem anatomical traits revealed water-limiting conditions in both warm/dry PDO regimes, while no or spatially contrasting associations were found for the cool/wet regime, indicating a moisture-driven shift in growth-limiting factors between PDO periods. TRW reflected only the last shift of 1976/1977, suggesting different climate thresholds and a higher sensitivity to moisture availability of xylem anatomical traits compared to TRW. This high sensitivity of xylem anatomical traits permits to identify first signs of moisture-driven growth in treeline white spruce at an early stage, suggesting quantitative wood anatomy being a powerful tool to study climate change effects in the northwestern North American treeline ecotone. Projected temperature increase might challenge growth performance of white spruce as a key component of the North American boreal forest biome in the future, when drier conditions are likely to occur with higher frequency and intensity.[Lange, Jelena; Trouillier, Mario; Wilmking, Martin] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Soldmannstr 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany; [Carrer, Marco] Univ Padua, Dept TESAF, Padua, Italy; [Pisaric, Michael F. J.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog & Tourism Studies, St Catharines, ON, Canada; [Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Seo, Jeong-Wook] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Cheongju, South KoreaErnst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; University of Padua; Brock University; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; Chungbuk National UniversityLange, J (corresponding author), Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Soldmannstr 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.jelena.lange@gmx.deLange, Jelena/AAN-6878-2021; Wilmking, Martin/AAV-9310-2020; Carrer, Marco/D-8727-2011Lange, Jelena/0000-0002-7872-6667; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Carrer, Marco/0000-0003-1581-6259; Porter, Trevor/0000-0002-5916-1998; Pisaric, Michael/0000-0003-3806-8986; Seo, Jeong-Wook/0000-0002-4395-0570German Research Council [DFG WI 2680/8-1]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [57212311]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); German Research Council within the Research Training Group RESPONSE (DFG)German Research Council(German Research Foundation (DFG)); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)(Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); German Research Council within the Research Training Group RESPONSE (DFG)(German Research Foundation (DFG))JL and MW were supported by the German Research Council (project DFG WI 2680/8-1). JL was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, grant no. 57212311) for a short-term research stay at the TeSAF dendroecology laboratory in Padova, Italy. MT was supported by the German Research Council within the Research Training Group RESPONSE (DFG RTG 2010). MP and TP were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program and the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP). This study is a contribution to DFG RTG 2010 RESPONSE.1332020<180 Day Usage Count>437WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.MAR202026318421856
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14947http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14947JAN 202015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKS0ZZ31799729hybrid, Green Published2023-03-12WOS:0005058080000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUlukhaktokYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258048
Monitoring the dynamic vulnerability of an Arctic subsistence food system to climate change: The case of Ulukhaktok, NT
ArticlePLOS ONECOMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; DISASTER RESILIENCE; HUMAN DIMENSIONS; INUIT; ADAPTATION; COMMUNITY; CAPACITY; NUNAVUT; TRENDSNaylor, AW; Ford, JD; Pearce, T; Fawcett, D; Clark, D; van Alstine, JNaylor, Angus W.; Ford, James D.; Pearce, Tristan; Fawcett, David; Clark, Dylan; van Alstine, JamesEnglishVulnerability to climate change is highly dynamic, varying between and within communities over different timescales. This paper draws upon complex adaptive systems thinking to develop an approach for capturing, understanding, and monitoring climate vulnerability in a case study from northern Canada, focusing on Inuit food systems. In the community of Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories, we followed 10 hunters over a 2-year period, asking them to document their harvesting activities and discuss their lived experience of harvesting under changing environmental and societal conditions. GPS monitoring and participatory mapping sessions were used to document 23,996km of trails (n = 409), with conversational bi-weekly semi-structured interviews and secondary instrumental weather data used to contextualise climate change within a nexus of other socioeconomic, cultural, and political stressors that also affect harvesting. Our results demonstrate that climate change has considerable potential to affect harvesting activities, particularly when its impacts manifest as anomalous/extreme events. However, climate change impacts are not necessarily the most salient issues affecting harvesting on a day-to-day basis. Instead, factors relating to economics (particularly financial capital and the wage-based economy), social networks, and institutions are found to have a greater influence, either as standalone factors with cascading effects or when acting synchronously to augment the impacts of environmental change.[Naylor, Angus W.; Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Naylor, Angus W.; Ford, James D.; van Alstine, James] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Pearce, Tristan; Fawcett, David] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Global & Int Studies, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Clark, Dylan] Canadian Inst Climate Choices, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; University of Leeds; University of Northern British ColumbiaNaylor, AW (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.;Naylor, AW (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.eeawn@leeds.ac.ukFord, James/A-4284-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Clark, Dylan/0000-0002-3676-6150; Naylor, Angus/0000-0003-0286-6484; Pearce, Tristan/0000-0002-5384-5870UKRI Economic and Social Research Council [1948646]; Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Climate Change Preparedness in the North program [1718-HQ-000538]; ESRC [1948646] Funding Source: UKRIUKRI Economic and Social Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)); Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Climate Change Preparedness in the North program; ESRC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC))Naylor, A.W. Grant #: 1948646 -Funder: UKRI Economic and Social Research Council https://esrc.ukri.org/.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Pearce, T.D. Grant #: 1718-HQ-000538 Crown Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Climate Change Preparedness in the North program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.12344<180 Day Usage Count>220PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCESAN FRANCISCO1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA1932-6203PLOS ONEPLoS OneSEP 292021169
e0258048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258048http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.025804827Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other TopicsWG5RU34587225Green Published, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0007070526000590 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0017
Muskrat distributions in a changing Arctic delta are explained by patch composition and configuration
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEArctic; muskrat; heterogeneity; Mackenzie Delta; hydrologyRIVER-ICE BREAKUP; MACKENZIE-DELTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER TRANSPARENCY; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; MISSING DATA; LAKESTurner, CK; Lantz, TC; Fisher, JTTurner, Chanda K.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Fisher, Jason T.EnglishClimate change is altering Canada's western Arctic, including hydrology in the heterogeneous environment of the Mackenzie Delta, and these changes are impacting biotic communities. Muskrats are culturally important semi-aquatic rodents whose populations may respond to changing water levels in this region. We investigated the importance of patch configuration and patch composition - two properties affected by climate change - on muskrat presence and distribution in the Mackenzie Delta, using remote sensing and field-based surveys of lakes with and without muskrats. We tested multiple hypotheses about predictors of muskrat and forage biomass presence using a model-selection approach. We found that configuration and patch composition explained o muskrat distribution in the Mackenzie Delta, with composition being of greater importance. Muskrats were more likely to occur in lakes with longer perimeters, higher amounts of forage biomass, and sediment characteristics that supported macrophyte growth. The latter two conditions are related to spring flooding regimes, which will likely be altered by climate change. This may result in a decrease in muskrat habitat in the Mackenzie Delta. Our research indicates that both patch composition and configuration are important for understanding species distributions in heterogeneous environments.[Turner, Chanda K.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Fisher, Jason T.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program; Aurora Research Institute; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of VictoriaW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program; Aurora Research Institute; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); University of VictoriaWe would like to thank the many members of the Arctic Landscape Ecology Lab who assisted with this research: Paige Bennet, Kazlyn Bonnor, Kiyo Campbell, Emily Cameron, Maliya Cassels, Abra Martin, Nina Moffat, Becky Segal, and Will Tyson, as well as our collaborator Jeremy Brammer. We are very grateful to the many community members and staff of local organizations who facilitated project logistics, especially Doug Esagok. We also extend our thanks to the communities of Inuvik and Aklavik for their warm welcomes and extensive hospitality. Funding support for this research was provided by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, The Canada Foundation for Innovation, Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund, Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program, and Aurora Research Institute. This research was conducted with a Northwest Territories Scientific Research Permit (16322).10900<180 Day Usage Count>110CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN2020627794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0017http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-001718Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsLS9WTgold2023-03-08WOS:0005367298000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.661538
Northern Food Systems in Transition: The Role of the Emerging Agri-Food Industry in the Northwest Territories (Canada) Food System
ArticleFRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMSagri-food industry; transitions; food security; economic development; poverty reduction; northern food systems; Northwest Territories (Canada)LAND-USE CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; NUTRITION TRANSITION; SUSTAINABILITY; AGRICULTURE; SECURITY; RESILIENCE; HEALTH; STOCKSLemay, MA; Radcliffe, J; Bysouth, D; Spring, ALemay, Margaret A.; Radcliffe, Josalyn; Bysouth, David; Spring, AndrewEnglishThis paper reports the findings of an ethnographic study that involved working with local organizations, food advocates, and communities to develop strategies for expanding the nascent Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada agri-food industry. The NWT represents a unique case study in that the fledging agri-food industry has been recognized for its promise in contributing to the core goals of the transitioning NWT food system. The study is guided by two research questions: (1) How is the promise of the emerging NWT agri-food industry framed within the context of the broader food system? (2) Given this framing of the NWT agri-food industry, how can it contribute to the sustainability of the NWT food system and to the goals of food security, poverty reduction, nutrition, and economic development? Grounded in a food systems approach, we used a correlative, evolutionary SWOT analysis to profile the nascent NWT agri-food industry within the context of the existing NWT food system. Through further thematic analysis, we identify and describe two dominant narratives (agri-food industry business case narrative and agri-food industry implications narrative) and key themes within the narratives based on an adapted food systems framework. The agri-food business case narrative highlights discourse articulating the business or commercial viability for a local agri-food value chain to function, evolve, and expand. The agri-food industry implications narrative envisions the ways in which the emerging NWT agri-food industry may interact within the existing NWT food system, highlighting potential environmental, social, cultural, and political implications of an expanding commercial-based agri-food value chain. Within the two narratives, certain subcomponents of the NWT agri-food system appear to be more prevalent, including climate, soil, and ecosystems, policy/regulations/governance, socio-cultural norms, knowledge, inputs, finance, production, and consumption. We make policy and practice recommendations for co-designing an agri-food industry that serves the multiple goals of the NWT food system. As an exploratory, descriptive-structural analysis the study provides a critical empirical basis for future in-depth, fully integrated synthesis of the complex social, cultural, economic, political, and ecological dynamics shaping Northern food systems in transition.[Lemay, Margaret A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Radcliffe, Josalyn] Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Bysouth, David] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Spring, Andrew] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Ctr Sustainable Food Syst, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; University of Waterloo; University of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityLemay, MA (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON, Canada.lemaym@uoguelph.caLemay, Margaret A/AGV-9788-2022Lemay, Margaret A/0000-0003-3010-8795Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN); Climate Change Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP); Government of Canada [1819-NT-000101, 1920-NR-000646]Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN); Climate Change Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP); Government of Canada(CGIAR)We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Climate Change Preparedness in the North (CCPN) and Climate Change Health Adaptation Program (CCHAP), both grands received by the Government of Canada (#1819-NT-000101 and #1920-NR-000646).7744<180 Day Usage Count>515FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2571-581XFRONT SUSTAIN FOOD SFront. Sustain. Food Syst.OCT 2120215
661538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.661538http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.66153817Food Science & TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Food Science & TechnologyWU6DBgold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007166330000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, outer Mackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i9/1669-1673
Occurrence of ice-bonded sediments in the Mackenzie Trough, Beaufort Sea
ArticleCURRENT SCIENCEBeaufort Sea; IBRV Araon; Mackenzie Trough; subsea permafrost limit; subbottom profile; subsurface temperatureCANADAKim, YG; Jin, YK; Kim, S; Kang, SG; Hong, JKKim, Young-Gyun; Jin, Young Keun; Kim, Sookwan; Kang, Seung-Goo; Hong, Jong KukEnglishThe Arctic continental shelves experienced subsea permafrost degradation because of the long-term warming and sea level rise since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the sea level was similar to 100 m lower than its present level. However, the current status of the subsea permafrost limit is not yet clearly defined due to a lack of evidence. New subbottom profiling and subsurface temperatures were acquired to examine the subsea permafrost limit on the eastern slope of the Mackenzie Trough during Korean Icebreaker R/V Araon expeditions in the summer of 2013 and 2014. We found anomalous subbottom acoustic features indicating ice-bonded sediments where cold bottom water and a subsurface with subzero temperature exists. The cold bottom water belongs to the Arctic halocline. We conclude that with help from cold Arctic halocline, ice-bonded sediments can exist at shallow water depths of <100 m. We argue that they are relict subsea permafrost from the LGM, but further investigation is required to clarify their origin. Our conclusion implies that ice-bonded sediments can occur at shallow water depths over the Arctic continental shelves and that their fate depends on the temperature change in seawater.[Kim, Young-Gyun] Kangwon Natl Univ, Res Inst Earth Resources, Chunchon, South Korea; [Jin, Young Keun; Kim, Sookwan; Kang, Seung-Goo; Hong, Jong Kuk] KIOST, Korea Polar Res Inst, Busan, South Korea; [Kim, Sookwan] Univ Sci & Technol Korea, Daejeon, South KoreaKangwon National University; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); University of Science & Technology (UST)Jin, YK (corresponding author), KIOST, Korea Polar Res Inst, Busan, South Korea.ykjin@kopri.re.krKang, Seung-Goo/0000-0001-6532-3482; Kim, Sookwan/0000-0001-9960-2295Korea Polar Research Institute [PM17050, 20160247, PE17050]; Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea [20168510030830]; National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2015M1A5A1037319]Korea Polar Research Institute(Korea Polar Research Institute of Marine Research Placement (KOPRI)); Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea(Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Republic of Korea); National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning(National Research Foundation of KoreaMinistry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea)We appreciate an anonymous reviewer for providing critical comments for improving the manuscript. This work was supported by the Korea Polar Research Institute Grants (PM17050 (KIMST Grant 20160247) and PE17050). Y.-G. Kim was also supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20168510030830) as well as the Basic Core Technology Development Program for the Oceans and the Polar Regions of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015M1A5A1037319).1711<180 Day Usage Count>38INDIAN ACAD SCIENCESBANGALOREC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA0011-3891CURR SCI INDIACurr. Sci.NOV 102018115916691673
http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i9/1669-1673http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v115/i9/1669-16735Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsGZ6AUBronze2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0004495153000220 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort Sea, Rat River, Big Fish RiverNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107609
Ocean-entry timing and marine habitat-use of Canadian Dolly Varden: Dispersal among conservation, hydrocarbon exploration, and shipping areas in the Beaufort Sea
ArticleESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCEMarine ecology; Biotelemetry; Offshore; Anadromous migration; Remote sensing; Salvelinus malmaTROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; MACKENZIE RIVER PLUME; ATLANTIC SALMON; ARCTIC CHAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FRESH-WATER; TEMPERATUREGallagher, CP; Courtney, MB; Seitz, AC; Lea, EV; Howland, KLGallagher, Colin P.; Courtney, Michael B.; Seitz, Andrew C.; Lea, Ellen, V; Howland, Kimberly L.EnglishConservation and management of anadromous salmonids are enhanced by understanding timing, spatial extent, and occupied depths and temperatures in marine feeding habitats. We examined ocean-entry timing and marine habitat-use, and their association with environmental conditions (e.g., sea-ice and sea-surface temperatures (SSTs)) of anadromous Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma) from the Canadian Arctic using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSAT) and data storage tags. Using this information, we evaluated the extent tagged fish occupied offshore ( 5 km) habitats, and their proximity to a marine protected area (MPA) and areas of potential threats in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Ocean-entry by tagged fish using the western Mackenzie Delta for freshwater migration occurred approximately mid-June (range = 8-26 June) and closely followed landfast sea-ice break-up based on satellite imagery. While at sea, fish predominately occupied surface waters (<2 m) at SSTs of 5-10 degrees C. PSAT end-locations were 37-152 km offshore, typically near the sea-ice edge, greatly extending previously reported distances from shore in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. The spatial extent of offshore dispersal by Dolly Varden is likely influenced by SSTs and sea-ice conditions, and the physical properties of the Mackenzie River plume (e.g., turbidity), which extends preferred temperatures farther from shore. In relatively cooler years characterized by later sea-ice breakup and a summer sea-ice margin situated closer to shore, fish spent more time in nearshore than offshore habitats (51.7% vs. 48.3%) compared to warmer years (12.6% vs. 87.5%). Furthermore, fish typically occupied shallower offshore mean depths (2.2 m vs. 3.4 m) of the water column and experienced colder mean water temperatures (5.1 degrees C vs. 7.4 degrees C) in cooler versus warmer years. Dolly Varden were found within or adjacent to hydrocarbon lease areas and shipping lanes, and may be vulnerable to threats associated with these activities. Although PSATs reported outside of the MPA boundaries, which are situated adjacent to the Mackenzie Delta, occupancy in spring was inferred during ocean-entry and while transitioning to offshore areas. This first study to describe how environmental conditions influence marine distribution of Canadian Dolly Varden together with their proximity to anthropogenic threats is relevant for assessing impacts of climate change and future development.[Gallagher, Colin P.; Howland, Kimberly L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic & Aquat Res Div, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Courtney, Michael B.; Seitz, Andrew C.] Univ Alaska, Coll Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Lea, Ellen, V] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 1871, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaGallagher, CP (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic & Aquat Res Div, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.colin.gallagher@dfo-mpo.gc.caLea, Ellen V./0000-0002-9617-2469; Gallagher, Colin/0000-0002-5534-9571Inuvialuit Final Agreement Implementation funds (Fisheries Joint Management Committee); Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board (Wildlife Studies Fund); Natural Resources Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program; West Side Working Group; Rat River Working Group; Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee; Ehdiitat Renewable Resources CouncilInuvialuit Final Agreement Implementation funds (Fisheries Joint Management Committee); Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board (Wildlife Studies Fund); Natural Resources Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program; West Side Working Group; Rat River Working Group; Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee; Ehdiitat Renewable Resources CouncilFunding was provided by Inuvialuit Final Agreement Implementation funds (Fisheries Joint Management Committee), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Strategic Program for Ecosystem-based Research and Advice, and Species at Risk Funds), and Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board (Wildlife Studies Fund). In-kind support was provided by Natural Resources Canada's Polar Continental Shelf Program. We appreciate the assistance in the capture and tagging of fish by Frank Dillon, Lee John Meeyok, Danny B. Gordon, Freddie Furlong, Dennis Semple (Aklavik, NT), Kris Maier and Sarah Lord (Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board), Christie Morrison, and Shannon MacPhee (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and safe flights provided by Great Slave Helicopters and Canadian Helicopters. We acknowledge the input, feedback and support provided by the West Side Working Group, Rat River Working Group, Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee, and Ehdiitat Renewable Resources Council. We thank Freddie Furlong (Aklavik) and Billy Wilson (Fort McPherson) for reporting data storage tags.10334<180 Day Usage Count>03ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDLONDON24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND0272-77141096-0015ESTUAR COAST SHELF SEstuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.NOV 52021262
107609
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107609http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.1076092021-10-01 00:00:0016Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyWS3EEhybrid2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0007150675000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Kugmallit Bay, Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected AreaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0029
Oceanographic, ecological, and socio-economic impacts of an unusual summer storm in the Mackenzie Estuary
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEbeluga; acoustic monitoring; climate change; habitat use; subsistence huntWHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BELUGA WHALES; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; WHITE WHALES; COOK INLET; HABITAT; SUBSISTENCE; KNOWLEDGEScharffenberg, KC; Whalen, D; MacPhee, SA; Marcoux, M; Iacozza, J; Davoren, G; Loseto, LLScharffenberg, Kevin C.; Whalen, Dustin; MacPhee, Shannon A.; Marcoux, Marianne; Iacozza, John; Davoren, Gail; Loseto, Lisa L.EnglishWith increased warming and open water due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of storm surges is expected to increase. Although studies have shown that strong storms can negatively impact Arctic ecosystems, the impact of storms on Arctic marine mammals is relatively unknown. In July 2016, an unusually large storm occurred in the Mackenzie Delta while instrumented seabed moorings equipped with hydrophones and oceanographic sensors were in place to study environmental drivers of beluga habitat use during their summer aggregation. The storm lasted up to 88 h, with maximum wind speeds reaching 60 km/h; historical wind data from Tuktoyaktuk revealed a storm of similar duration has not occurred in July in at least the past 28 years. This provided a unique opportunity to study the impacts of large storms on oceanographic conditions, beluga habitat use, and the traditional subsistence hunt that occurs annually in the delta. The storm resulted in increased water levels and localized flooding as well as a significant drop in water temperature (similar to 10 degrees C) and caused belugas to leave the area for 5 days. Although belugas returned after the storm ended, the subsistence hunt was halted resulting in the lowest beluga harvest between 1978 and 2017.[Scharffenberg, Kevin C.; Davoren, Gail] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Whalen, Dustin] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [MacPhee, Shannon A.; Marcoux, Marianne; Loseto, Lisa L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Iacozza, John] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of ManitobaScharffenberg, KC (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.scharffk@myumanitoba.caLoseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XFisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Resources Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Fisheries Joint Management CommitteeFisheries and Oceans Canada; Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Fisheries Joint Management CommitteeFunding for this project was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Natural Resources Canada, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, ArcticNet, the Northern Scientific Training Program, and the Fisheries Joint Management Committee with field support provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program and the Aurora Research Institute. We would like to acknowledge the partnerships with the Fisheries and Joint Management Committee, the Inuvialuit Game Council and the Hunters and Trapper's Committees of the ISR communities who supported the collection of data. We would also like to thank S. MacPhee and A. Gordon for field support, our camp hosts C. Day and R. Day, as well as Y. Simard and N. Roy for the automated detector. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.561010<180 Day Usage Count>04CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN2020626276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0029http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-002915Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsLS9WTgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005367298000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaSites between Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, Mackenzie uplandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05273-5
Recalcitrance of lichen and moss litters increases soil carbon storage on permafrost
ArticlePLANT AND SOILActive layer; Decomposition; Gelisol; Hummocky soil; Soil organic matterMICROBIAL BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION RATES; EXTRACTION METHOD; EARTH HUMMOCKS; RELEASE; FOREST; ACCUMULATION; FUMIGATION; ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATEFujii, K; Hayakawa, CFujii, Kazumichi; Hayakawa, ChieEnglishAims Climate warming is predicted to increase permafrost degradation and soil carbon (C) loss, while changes in microrelief and vegetation cover can also influence soil C storage at local scale. Black spruce forests develop lichen/moss-covered organic mounds on permafrost. Recalcitrance of lichen and moss litters, as well as cold climate, is hypothesized to increase C storage in hummocky soils. Methods We compared the decomposition rates of lichen and moss litters, spruce root litter, and cellulose at hummocky clayey soils, non-hummocky clayey soils, and non-hummocky sandy soils in northwest Canadian subarctic. Results Lichen/moss-covered hummocky clayey soils displayed greater C stocks than non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lichen and moss litters decomposed more slowly than did spruce root litter and cellulose. Recalcitrant litter inputs of lichen and moss contributed to greater C stocks of hummocky clayey soils, compared to non-hummocky clayey and sandy soils. Lower temperature dependency of lichen and moss litter decomposition, compared to vascular plant litter, suggests stronger resistance of lichen and moss litters to decomposition. Conclusion Permafrost degradation by climate warming would reduce hummocky microrelief covered by lichen and moss, major contributors to soil C, and decrease the high potential for C storage of black spruce forests on permafrost.[Fujii, Kazumichi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan; [Hayakawa, Chie] Utsunomiya Univ, Fac Agr, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3218505, JapanForestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Utsunomiya UniversityFujii, K (corresponding author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan.fjkazumichi@gmail.comGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant [17K15292]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K15292] Funding Source: KAKENGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))We acknowledge the government of the Northwest Territories for licensing our research (No. 16174). This work was financially supported by the Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project and a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant (No. 17K15292). We are grateful to Dr. Darwin Anderson, professor emeritus of the University of Saskatchewan, for providing valuable advice and to Dr. Yojiro Matsuura and the late Akira Osawa for assistance with the field survey.5222<180 Day Usage Count>727SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0032-079X1573-5036PLANT SOILPlant SoilMAR2022472595608
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05273-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05273-52022-01-01 00:00:0014Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Agriculture; Plant SciencesZU7JD2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0007448017000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00474-7
Recent Growth and Expansion of Birch Shrubs Across a Low Arctic Landscape in Continental Canada: Are These Responses More a Consequence of the Severely Declining Caribou Herd than of Climate Warming?
ArticleECOSYSTEMSbirch; deciduous shrub; Arctic tundra; climate change; caribou; herbivory; trampling; groundcover; soil nutrients; soil moistureTUNDRA; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY; HETEROGENEITY; CANOPIES; SNOWAndruko, R; Danby, R; Grogan, PAndruko, Rhett; Danby, Ryan; Grogan, PaulEnglishThe recent widespread expansion of deciduous shrubs across much of the Arctic has been largely attributed to climate warming. This study investigated decadal growth rates of dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) across a low Arctic landscape in the continental interior of Canada. Detailed birch cover (100 m(2)replicate plots) and individual shrub stature measurement datasets for five representative habitat-types were compared between 2006 and 2016, and evaluated in relation to environmental characteristics. Furthermore, dendrochronologically-based annual growth rates were assessed in relation to the 20-year climate record. Birch height, lateral dimensions, and patch groundcover all increased 20-25% relative to 2006 values, but these increases were similar among the habitat-types. Together, the limited evidence of recent warming at this site, the absence of significant habitat-type growth rate differences, and the lack of correlation between annual climate and stem secondary growth strongly suggest that climate change was not the principal cause. Instead, we propose that release from caribou impacts following the recent severe herd decline may explain the net shrub growth. Individual shrub growth rates were correlated with soil nutrient availability, but the latter was highly variable, suggesting that growth rates are primarily determined by fine-scale rather than habitat-scale spatial heterogeneity in nutrient supply. Together, our results demonstrate that birch growth has been enhanced across a variety of habitat-types in the Daring Lake landscape over the decade since 2006, and suggest that the recent severe caribou herd declines may be at least as significant as climate warming in driving birch shrub expansion in the Canadian central low Arctic.[Andruko, Rhett; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Danby, Ryan] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Queens University - CanadaGrogan, P (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.groganp@queensu.caCanadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [388660]; Polar knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training ProgramCanadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training ProgramFunding was provided by Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant No. 388660), and Polar knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training Program.541414<180 Day Usage Count>215SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsNOV202023713621379
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00474-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00474-7JAN 202018EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyOR4PF33214772hybrid, Green Published2023-03-14WOS:0005741211000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuMackenzie Mountains, Canol TrailNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1951
Recent Increases in Permafrost Thaw Rates and Areal Loss of Palsas in the Western Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESpermafrost; palsa; active-layer thickness; long-term monitoring; non-linearity; linear mixed-effect models; Mackenzie; Selwyn Mountains; Northwest TerritoriesVEGETATION COVER; MACMILLAN PASS; THERMAL REGIME; ACTIVE-LAYER; TOOLIK LAKE; CLIMATE; PEAT; GROWTH; YUKON; TEMPERATURESMamet, SD; Chun, KP; Kershaw, GGL; Loranty, MM; Kershaw, GPMamet, Steven D.; Chun, Kwok P.; Kershaw, Geoffrey G. L.; Loranty, Michael M.; Kershaw, G. PeterEnglishDecay of palsas can indicate permafrost status, particularly in regions where air temperatures have increased rapidly in recent decades. Using weather data, annual surveys of active-layer thickness, and analyses of high-resolution aerial imagery from the eastern Selwyn/western Mackenzie Mountains, NT, Canada, we show that permafrost temperatures have increased, active layers have deepened, and palsa areal extents have decreased considerably since the 1940s. High-altitude palsas thawed quickly from the 1940s to the 1980s, although some low-altitude palsas have recently decreased rapidly in areal extent due to peat-block calving. The linear rate of increasing active-layer thickness may not be congruent with the non-linear rate of areal loss of palsas. The rapid and episodic collapse of palsas at some sites highlights the necessity to consider hydrology, vegetation cover, landscape position, and morphology in palsa dynamics in addition to a warming climate. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Biol Dept, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, SK, Canada; [Chun, Kwok P.] Honk Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Geog, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Kershaw, Geoffrey G. L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Kershaw, G. Peter] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; Wilfrid Laurier University; Colgate University; University of AlbertaMamet, SD (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, SK, Canada.sdmamet@gmail.comChun, Kwok/P-5782-2018; Mamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019Chun, Kwok/0000-0001-9873-6240; Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-3814Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd); Imperial Oil, Ltd; University of Alberta; Earthwatch International (EI); Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Barichello family; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1417700, 1417745] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1417908] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd); Imperial Oil, Ltd; University of Alberta(University of Alberta); Earthwatch International (EI); Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Barichello family; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP)(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))At times since 1990 this research has been supported by grants and/or in-kind from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, AMAX Northwest Mining, Co. (North American Tungsten Corp., Ltd), Imperial Oil, Ltd, University of Alberta, Earthwatch International (EI), The Garfield Weston Foundation, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. We thank the staff and volunteers of EI and Dechen la' Lodge for their contributions to this research and appreciate the helpful comments of four anonymous reviewers and PPP editor Prof. Julian Murton. The support of the Barichello family has been fundamental in continuing this work.762121<180 Day Usage Count>025WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.OCT-DEC2017284619633
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1951http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.195115Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyFK2MG2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004133157000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuMackenzie Mountains, central Mackenzie ValleyNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100559
Recent Intensification (2004-2020) of Permafrost Mass-Wasting in the Central Mackenzie Valley Foothills Is a Legacy of Past Forest Fire Disturbances
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSRICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; THAW SLUMPS; CLIMATE; DEGRADATION; PLATEAU; RECORD; CANADA; REGION; NWTYoung, JM; Alvarez, A; van der Sluijs, J; Kokelj, SV; Rudy, A; McPhee, A; Stoker, BJ; Margold, M; Froese, DYoung, Joseph M.; Alvarez, Alejandro; van der Sluijs, Jurjen; Kokelj, Steven, V; Rudy, Ashley; McPhee, Alex; Stoker, Benjamin J.; Margold, Martin; Froese, DuaneEnglishThe effects of recent climate change are accelerating permafrost thaw, including ice-rich landscapes of the western Canadian Arctic. However, regional drivers of permafrost slope failure in hillslopes with warm, thin permafrost remain poorly understood. Repeat satellite imagery (1984-2020) indicates rapid increases in retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) and deep-seated permafrost landslides (DSPLs) since 2004, indicating a change in slope stability thresholds in an area that otherwise appeared thaw stable. The widespread occurrence of DSPL represents a contrasting geomorphic response to the RTS-dominated ice-rich permafrost landscapes. In this study area, RTS and DSPL occur predominantly in areas that were burned by forest fires in the 1990s, indicating a legacy thermal disturbance that preconditioned permafrost hillslopes for failure. The relations between historic fires and the later development of widespread permafrost slope failures represent an outstanding example of the complex interactions between inherited landscape sensitivity in ice-rich terrain and ongoing climate change.[Young, Joseph M.; Alvarez, Alejandro; McPhee, Alex; Froese, Duane] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [van der Sluijs, Jurjen] Govt Northwest Terr, NWT Ctr Geomat, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven, V; Rudy, Ashley] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Stoker, Benjamin J.; Margold, Martin] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Phys Geog & Geoecol, Prague, Czech RepublicUniversity of Alberta; Charles University PragueYoung, JM; Froese, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.jmyoung1@ualberta.ca; duane@ualberta.cavan der Sluijs, Jurjen/0000-0002-9244-1756; Alvarez, Alejandro/0000-0003-2399-4848Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSERC PermafrostNet Strategic Network; UAlberta Northern Research Awards (UANRA); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP)Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP)(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC PermafrostNet Strategic Network; UAlberta Northern Research Awards (UANRA); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP)We thank the communities and organizations of the Sahtu Region for support of this research, and logistical support and advice provided by the Sahtu Secretariat Incorporated. This project was supported by grants from the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and NSERC PermafrostNet Strategic Network to DF, and UAlberta Northern Research Awards (UANRA) and the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP) grants to JY and AA. Access to archival satellite imagery was provided by the European Space Agency and the Northwest Territories Geological Survey. We thank Denny Capps and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments.5700<180 Day Usage Count>00AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.DEC 2820224924
e2022GL100559
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100559http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL10055910Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology8M6XIhybrid2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0009246046000110 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes along the Tibbett-to-Contwoyto winter roadNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752836
Reconstruction of Holocene hydroclimatic variability in subarctic treeline lakes using lake sediment grain-size end-members
ArticleHOLOCENEend-member mixing analysis; grain-size analysis; palaeoclimate; palaeo-hydroclimate reconstruction; subarctic; treelineNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; PRECIPITATION; RECORDS; CANADA; AGE; ACCUMULATION; PALEOCLIMATE; TEMPERATUREMacumber, AL; Patterson, RT; Galloway, JM; Falck, H; Swindles, GTMacumber, Andrew L.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Falck, Hendrik; Swindles, Graeme T.EnglishCurrent climate trends are expected to result in the northward expansion of the subarctic treeline leading to changes in vegetation cover and permafrost distribution, as they did during the Holocene Climate Optimum when the treeline was 150 km north of its current position. The impacts of these changes on the region's hydrology are still poorly understood. The grain-size distributions of treeline lake sediments provide an important proxy related to spring melt conditions that can be used to reconstruct hydroclimatic variability. End-member mixing analysis was used to model depositional end-members in 55 modern lake sediment samples and two sediment cores spanning the mid- to late Holocene collected from above and below the treeline in the central Northwest Territories, Canada. Cold climatic intervals (e.g. 'Dark Ages Cold Period', 'Little Ice Age') were characterised by an increase in the very coarse silt and the fine sand end-members. This was interpreted to be a response to degradation of vegetation cover and/or permafrost development. We observed increases in fine and coarse silt end-members during warmer climatic intervals (e.g. Medieval Climate Anomaly) and over the past c. 300 yr BP. This pattern is probably the result of extended melt seasons, with greater losses to evaporation and increased infiltration. The most pronounced palaeo-hydroclimatological change over the past c. 8000 yr BP was the abrupt increase in a very coarse silt end-member (mode = 50-200 mu m) at c. 6300 yr BP. We interpreted the sedimentological change as an increase in winter precipitation and more energetic spring melt conditions, leading to the spring melt becoming the dominant lacustrine sediment delivery mechanism. These results place modern hydrological changes in a millennial context and show that analysis of temporal changes in the hydroclimatological system can provide insight into the future states of these sensitive subarctic ecosystems.[Macumber, Andrew L.; Patterson, R. Timothy] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Macumber, Andrew L.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Galloway, Jennifer M.] Geol Survey Canada, Commiss Geol Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Falck, Hendrik] Govt NWT, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Dept Ind Tourism & Investment, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, EnglandCarleton University; University of Ottawa; Queens University Belfast; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of LeedsMacumber, AL (corresponding author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland.a.macumber@qub.ac.ukSwindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Macumber, Andrew L/0000-0001-6212-0655Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Project Grant; Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program - Government of the Northwest Territories grant; NSERC Doctoral Scholarship; Polar Continental Shelf Program, Carleton University; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture (TCWRJV); Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; North Slave Metis Alliance (NSMA); Geological Society of America; Dr. George A Jeletzky Memorial Fund; Ontario Government; Society of Sedimentary Geology; David and Rachel Epstein Foundation; GAC-MAC; NSERC Visiting FellowshipNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Project Grant; Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program - Government of the Northwest Territories grant; NSERC Doctoral Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program, Carleton University; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture (TCWRJV); Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; Geological Survey of Canada(Natural Resources Canada); North Slave Metis Alliance (NSMA); Geological Society of America; Dr. George A Jeletzky Memorial Fund; Ontario Government; Society of Sedimentary Geology; David and Rachel Epstein Foundation; GAC-MAC; NSERC Visiting FellowshipThis research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Project Grant to RTP and a Cumulative Impact and Monitoring Program - Government of the Northwest Territories grant to JMG and HF. Direct and additional funding was also provided by a NSERC Doctoral Scholarship to ALM and a NSERC Visiting Fellowship to JMG, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, Carleton University, the Northwest Territories Geological Survey, the Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road Joint Venture (TCWRJV), the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, the Geological Survey of Canada, the North Slave Metis Alliance (NSMA), the Geological Society of America, Dr. George A Jeletzky Memorial Fund, the Ontario Government, the Society of Sedimentary Geology, the David and Rachel Epstein Foundation and GAC-MAC.692225<180 Day Usage Count>223SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDLONDON1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND0959-68361477-0911HOLOCENEHoloceneJUN2018286845857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683617752836http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968361775283613Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGK3TYGreen Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004360721000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes near YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02635-0
Regional gold mining activities and recent climate warming alter diatom assemblages in deep sub-Arctic lakes
ArticlePOLAR BIOLOGYPaleolimnology; Contaminants; Arsenic; Land-use changes; Algae; Yellowknife; Northwest TerritoriesTROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; YELLOWKNIFE; MINE; SEDIMENTS; GRADIENT; HABITAT; ONTARIO; ORE; EUTROPHICATIONSivarajah, B; Cheney, CL; Perrett, M; Kimpe, LE; Blais, JM; Smol, JPSivarajah, Branaavan; Cheney, Cynthia L.; Perrett, Madi; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.; Smol, John P.EnglishPrevious paleolimnological investigations have examined the effects of gold mining operations, local land-use changes, and regional climate warming on the aquatic biota from shallow lakes in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. However, the long-term impacts of these multiple environmental stressors on the biota of deeper lakes that support large-bodied fish species have not been investigated. In this study, we examined multiple sedimentary proxies from two deep lakes around Yellowknife to assess the long-term effects of metalloid contamination, development of the city, and recent warming over the past similar to 200 years. The sedimentary metalloid profiles tracked the influence of mining operations and local land-use changes in the Yellowknife area and there were some similarities in the diatom responses to multiple stressors across the two lakes. However, the increases in sedimentary metalloid concentrations, eutrophic diatom taxa, and whole-lake primary production were more pronounced at Grace Lake relative to Alexie, likely because Grace is located nearer to the gold mines, as well as local city development. The overall lake primary production and the relative abundance of the planktonic diatom Discostella stelligera increased at both sites suggesting that some of the biological changes may be influenced by changes in thermal stratification, as has been documented in a wide spectrum of lakes across the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the diatom assemblage changes in these deep lakes differed from those observed from shallow lakes in the region, suggesting that site-specific limnological characteristics will influence the biological responses to multiple environmental stressors through time.[Sivarajah, Branaavan; Perrett, Madi; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Cheney, Cynthia L.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Lab Anal Nat & Synthet Environm Toxicants, Ottawa, ON, CanadaQueens University - Canada; University of OttawaSivarajah, B (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON, Canada.branaavan.sivarajah@queensu.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Sivarajah, Branaavan/0000-0002-3739-4299Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [STPGP 493786-16]; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship D; W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program; NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship D; W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research; Northern Scientific Training ProgramWater chemistry analysis by Judy Mah and the Taiga Environmental Laboratory, and field work by Kristen Coleman, Dave Eickmeyer, Jennifer Korosi, and Joshua Thienpont are greatly acknowledged. The authors thank Profs. Piepenburg and Van de Vijver along with two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive feedback on our manuscript that improved the clarity and quality. This study was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Grant (STPGP 493786-16) and Polar Continental Shelf Program grants to Jules M. Blais and John P. Smol, as well as an NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship D, Northern Scientific Training Program, and a W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research (doctoral) to Branaavan Sivarajah.661212<180 Day Usage Count>222SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0722-40601432-2056POLAR BIOLPolar Biol.APR2020434305317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02635-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02635-02020-02-01 00:00:0013Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKY5VV2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005169565000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtu, North Slave, South SlaveWithin the range of the Bathurst caribou herdNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0003
Remotely sensed trends in vegetation productivity and phenology during population decline of the Bathurst caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEremote sensing; vegetation index; NDVI; EVI; MODIS; caribou; Northwest Territories; Nunavut; Arctic greening; boreal browningHABITAT SELECTION; LICHEN ABUNDANCE; MODIS; CLIMATE; SATELLITE; ALASKA; FOREST; TUNDRA; LATITUDES; DYNAMICSDearborn, KD; Danby, RKDearborn, Katherine D.; Danby, Ryan K.EnglishThe Bathurst caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus ( Borowski, 1780)) herd declined from similar to 349 000 animals in 1996 to similar to 8200 in 2018. Climate-driven changes to tundra and boreal vegetation is one hypothesis for the decline. We modelled and mapped annual productivity and phenology across the herd's range using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data derived from a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series spanning 2000 -2017. Maximum annual EVI, growing season length, and time-integrated EVI increased significantly on 16%, 18%, and 49% of the core annual range, respectively. Trends toward longer growing seasons were driven entirely by earlier spring green-up and, along with time-integrated EVI, were most prevalent in tundra regions. Trends in forested regions were overwhelmingly related to the influence of forest fires, which burned more than half of the range below the forest -tundra ecotone since 1965. These trends suggest that climate-driven changes in production and phenology have occurred in the tundra and forest - tundra portions of the range and could have contributed to the recent herd decline. However, the trends may also be a result of herd decline itself, given the loss of this large herbivore from the landscape. Elucidating cause and effect will require comprehensive analysis of interactions between climatic variables, herd dynamics, and vegetation change, complemented by targeted field investigations.[Dearborn, Katherine D.; Danby, Ryan K.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Danby, Ryan K.] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Dearborn, Katherine D.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Environm Studies & Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Queens University - Canada; University of WinnipegDanby, RK (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Danby, RK (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.ryan.danby@queensu.caDearborn, Katherine/0000-0002-4850-7690Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [187]Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impact Monitoring ProgramThis research was conducted as part of Project #187 of the Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program. We are grateful for project input from Karin Clark, Greg King, and Michael Stefanuk, as well as manuscript suggestions from anonymous reviewers. We thank community members of Wekweeti, Northwest Territories, for discussions that motivated us to conduct this study, as well as staff of the Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources Board, the Tli.cho. Government, and the Government of Northwest Territories for their guidance and feedback.6011<180 Day Usage Count>89CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.MAR202281228251
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0003http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-000324Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics1X6EAgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0008075443000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0012
Reproductive limitation mediates the response of white spruce (Picea glauca) to climate warming across the forest-tundra ecotone
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEtreeline; vegetation change; air photographs; climate change; Arctic; boreal; Subarctic; tundraTREE-LINE; NORTH-WESTERN; TUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; ARCTIC VEGETATION; SHRUB EXPANSION; BROOKS RANGE; DYNAMICS; ESTABLISHMENT; TEMPERATURES; PERMAFROSTLantz, TC; Moffat, ND; Fraser, RH; Walker, XLantz, Trevor C.; Moffat, Nina D.; Fraser, Robert H.; Walker, XantheEnglishShifts in the extent of the boreal forest during past warm intervals and correlations between climate and the position of the forest-tundra ecotone suggest that recent temperature increases will facilitate forest expansion into tundra ecosystems. In this study, we used a unique set of high-resolution repeat photographs to characterize white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) populations in 1980 and 2015 at 52 sites across the forest-tundra transition in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We also conducted field inventories at eight sites to examine mapping accuracy, construct age distributions, and assess cone production and seed viability. Our analysis shows that stand density in the forest-tundra has increased significantly since 1980 but that the density of spruce at sites in the tundra has not changed. Age distributions constructed from field sampling also indicate that recent recruitment has occurred in the forest-tundra but not at tundra sites. The nonlinear relationship between summer temperature and seed viability suggests that recent warming has facilitated recruitment in the northern Subarctic but that cold temperatures still limit recruitment at higher latitude tundra sites. Additional research to determine the extent of changes in forest density across the northern Subarctic should be conducted to determine if similar changes are occurring across this ecotone.[Lantz, Trevor C.; Moffat, Nina D.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada; [Walker, Xanthe] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USAUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); Northern Arizona UniversityLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caWalker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691XArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western Arctic Research CentreArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Western Arctic Research CentreThis work was supported by ArcticNet, Polar Knowledge Canada, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Western Arctic Research Centre. We would like to thank Chanda Turner, Paige Bennett, Kiyo Campbell, Tracey Proverbs, Maliya Cassels, and Angel Chen for assistance in the field and Ken Baldwin from the Canadian Forest Service for help in locating and shipping the 1980 CIR film canisters. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript.791818<180 Day Usage Count>111CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC201954167184
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0012http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-001218Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsJT1CRgold2023-03-08WOS:0005007366000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-064
Respiration from soil and ground cover vegetation under tundra shrubs
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHLITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; NET CO2 FLUX; ARCTIC VEGETATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-GROWTH; LEAF-AREA; CARBON; FEEDBACKS; RESPONSESGe, L; Lafleur, PM; Humphreys, ERGe, Le; Lafleur, Peter M.; Humphreys, Elyn R.EnglishAtmospheric warming is expected to cause shifts in arctic tundra vegetation composition, especially in the abundance and distribution of shrub species. Greater shrub abundance will impact the carbon exchanges between tundra ecosystems and the atmosphere, including ecosystem respiration. Here, total respiration under the shrub canopy (R-T) and its components soil respiration (R-S) and respiration from the ground cover vegetation (R-G) were investigated at three tundra sites in the Canadian Low Arctic with varying shrub coverage. Seasonal R-T and R-S mean values were significantly greater (P < 0.05) at the site with greatest shrub abundance; mean values were 3.70 and 3.22 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. Mean R-G did not differ among sites; mean values ranged from 0.45 to 0.52 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Soil temperature exerted a stronger control on R-T and R-S compared to soil moisture. Differences in R-T and R-S among sites were attributed to differences in soil properties, such as soil total N content and bulk density. These findings suggest that belowground sources of respired carbon dioxide in Low Arctic tundra may vary with long-term shrub expansion as soil microclimate conditions and physiochemical properties adjust to changes in shrub coverage.[Ge, Le] Trent Univ, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaTrent University; Trent University; Carleton UniversityLafleur, PM (corresponding author), Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.plafleur@trentu.caHumphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802NSERCNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was supported by the NSERC Discovery grants to P. M. Lafleur and E. R. Humphreys. We thank Sean Arruda, Kristyn Foster, Mary-Claire Buell, and Claire Elliott for their help in the field and laboratory. We also thank Karin Clark and the Daring Lake TERS staff for assistance in the field. Finally, we are thankful for the comments of two anonymous reviewers, which greatly improved this manuscript.7077<180 Day Usage Count>644TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.NOV2017494537550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-064http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-06414Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyFL0VZBronze, Green Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004139312000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1815360
Responses of low Arctic tundra plant species to experimental manipulations: Differences between abiotic and biotic factors and between short- and long-term effects
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHClimate change; arctic tundra; long-term biomass response; shrub greening; warmingION-EXCHANGE-RESINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; VEGETATION CHANGE; SHRUB EXPANSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEEPENED SNOW; DWARF-SHRUBGu, Q; Grogan, PGu, Qian; Grogan, PaulEnglishClimate change in arctic tundra is projected to affect air temperature, snow depth, soil fertility, and caribou herbivory, which may alter plant community composition by shifting niche space to favor particular species' life history strategies. We report responses of a Canadian mesic birch hummock tundra plant community to a range of manipulative experiments (greenhouse warming, fertilization, snow fence, and caribou exclosure treatments). Aboveground biomass of each plant species was measured in the same permanent 1 m(2) areas using the point frame method in 2005, 2011, and 2017. Although the greenhouse treatment had few effects on individual species, total vascular plant community biomass was enhanced between 2011 and 2017. Furthermore, species' biomass across all control plots was stable from 2005 to 2011 but increased significantly from 2011 to 2017, with air temperatures also warmer over that same period. Species responded to high-level nitrogen and high-level nitrogen and phosphorus combined additions, with deciduous shrubs and graminoids increasing and evergreen shrubs decreasing. The snow fences and caribou exclosures had little effect on species biomass. Although vegetation greening trends have been reported in arctic environments that are primarily influenced by maritime climate, our study is one of the first to provide plot-based evidence of recent plant biomass increases in the low Arctic's continental interior.[Gu, Qian; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, CanadaQueens University - CanadaGu, Q (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Grogan Lab, Dept Biol, Biosci Complex,116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.15qg1@queensu.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada [388660]; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Trillium Scholarship (OTS); Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Ontario Trillium Scholarship (OTS); Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)(China Scholarship Council)This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (388660), the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP), the Ontario Trillium Scholarship (OTS), and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC).9166<180 Day Usage Count>519TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.JAN 12020521524540
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1815360http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.181536017Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyOG7UEgold2023-03-14WOS:0005820835000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5487-2017
Retrogressive thaw slumps temper dissolved organic carbon delivery to streams of the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; PERMAFROST-CARBON; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HERSCHEL ISLAND; GROUND-ICE; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; YUKON-TERRITORY; CLIMATE-CHANGELittlefair, CA; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SVLittlefair, Cara A.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Kokelj, Steven V.EnglishIn Siberia and Alaska, permafrost thaw has been associated with significant increases in the delivery of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to recipient stream ecosystems. Here, we examine the effect of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) on DOC concentration and transport, using data from eight RTS features on the Peel Plateau, NWT, Canada. Like extensive regions of northwestern Canada, the Peel Plateau is comprised of thick, ice-rich tills that were deposited at the margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. RTS features are now widespread in this region, with headwall exposures up to 30m high and total disturbed areas often exceeding 20 ha. We find that intensive slumping on the Peel Plateau is universally associated with decreasing DOC concentrations downstream of slumps, even though the composition of slump-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM; assessed using specific UV absorbance and slope ratios) is similar to permafrost-derived DOM from other regions. Comparisons of upstream and downstream DOC flux relative to fluxes of total suspended solids suggest that the substantial fine-grained sediments released by RTS features may sequester DOC. Runoff obtained directly from slump rill water, above entry into recipient streams, indicates that the deepest RTS features, which thaw the greatest extent of buried, Pleistocene-aged glacial tills, release low-concentration DOC when compared to paired upstream, undisturbed locations, while shallower features, with exposures that are more limited to a relict Holocene active layer, have within-slump DOC concentrations more similar to upstream sites. Finally, fine-scale work at a single RTS site indicates that temperature and precipitation serve as primary environmental controls on above-slump and below-slump DOC flux, but it also shows that the relationship between climatic parameters and DOC flux is complex for these dynamic thermokarst features. These results demonstrate that we should expect clear variation in thermokarst-associated DOC mobilization across Arctic regions. However, they also show that within-region variation in thermokarst intensity and landscape composition is critical for determining the biogeochemical response. Geological and climate legacy shape the physical and chemical composition of permafrost and thermokarst potential. As such, these factors must be considered in predictions of land-to-water carbon mobilization in a warming Arctic.[Littlefair, Cara A.; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaLittlefair, CA (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.cara.bulger@gmail.comTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Ontario Graduate Scholarship; York University Fieldwork Cost Fund; York University Research Cost Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramOntario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); York University Fieldwork Cost Fund; York University Research Cost Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramFinancial support for this research was provided by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship, the York University Fieldwork Cost Fund, the York University Research Cost Fund, the Northern Scientific Training Program, NSERC Discovery and Northern Research Supplement grants to Suzanne E. Tank, the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. We would like to thank Scott Zolkos for his support as a field assistant and for the production of Fig. 1; Steven Tetlichi, Dustin Neyando, and Peter Snowshoe for field sampling assistance; and the Tetlit Gwich'in (Fort McPherson) Renewable Resources Council. Sarah Shakil and Scott Zolkos assisted with the collection of samples for DO14C; Shawne Kokelj (Environment and Natural Resources, GNWT) provided meteorological data; Justin Kokoszka performed geospatial calculations of slump area and debris tongue length. Comments from Michael Fritz and one anonymous reviewer greatly improved the content of the manuscript. NWT Geological Survey contribution number 0107.934142<180 Day Usage Count>225COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesDEC 62017142354875505
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5487-2017http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5487-201719Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyFO8ULgold, Green Submitted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004171632000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaSachs Harbour, Ulukhaktok, PaulatukNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72447
Ringed Seal Diet and Body Condition in the Amundsen Gulf region, Eastern Beaufort Sea
ArticleARCTICringed seal; Pusa hispida; diet; Amundsen Gulf; Beaufort Sea; Arctic; climate changePHOCA-HISPIDA; STOMACH CONTENTS; MARINE MAMMALS; VARIABILITY; ICE; HABITAT; HARVEST; DIGESTION; OTOLITHS; PACIFICInsley, SJ; Tauzer, LM; Halliday, WD; Illasiak, J; Green, R; Kudlak, A; Kuptana, JInsley, Stephen J.; Tauzer, Lila M.; Halliday, William D.; Illasiak, Joe; Green, Ryan; Kudlak, Adam; Kuptana, JeffEnglishDiet from stomach contents and body condition from morphometric measurements were obtained for 169 (108 stomachs analysed) ringed seals (Pusa hispida) for the Amundsen Gulf region in the western Canadian Arctic from 2015 to 2018. Sampling was from subsistence-harvested seals from the three communities of Paulatuk (spring, summer, and autumn), Sachs Harbour (summer), and Ulukhaktok (winter), Northwest Territories. Stomach contents were separated through sieves and by hand, and taxa identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and weighed. Stomachs were fullest (by weight and prey count) in the autumn, which suggests that foraging was most intense and successful at that time. A total of 93 prey taxa, including 17 fish and 76 invertebrate species were identified. Several fish and invertebrate species were regularly found together, the most common being Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and hyperiid amphipods (Themisto spp.). Condition measurements inferred from blubber thickness, although showing considerable variation among sites and years, had a seasonal relationship with maximal depth during the autumn and winter. Overall, the diet of ringed seals in Amundsen Gulf was broadly similar to those reported from other areas while also indicating some degree of regional specificity. When compared to the diet of ringed seals in the same area in the 1980s, the results presented here were more diverse, with new or increased numbers of subarctic species (e.g., saffron cod, Eleginus gracilis) found in the samples. This finding is a likely consequence of climate warming, as increasing numbers of subarctic species move north with warming ocean temperatures in the Arctic.[Insley, Stephen J.; Tauzer, Lila M.; Halliday, William D.] Wildlile Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada; [Insley, Stephen J.; Halliday, William D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Illasiak, Joe; Green, Ryan] Paulatuk Hunters & Trappers Comm, POB 94, Paulatuk, NT X0E 1N0, Canada; [Kudlak, Adam] Olokhaktomiut Hunters & Trappers Comm, POB 161, Ulukhaktok, NT X0E 0S0, Canada; [Kuptana, Jeff] Sachs Harbour Hunters & Trappers Comm, POB 79, Sachs Harbour, NT X0E 0Z0, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaInsley, SJ (corresponding author), Wildlile Conservat Soc Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 0E9, Canada.;Insley, SJ (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.sinsley@wcs.orgHalliday, William/0000-0001-7135-076X; Insley, Stephen/0000-0003-3402-8418W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Inuvialuit Joint SecretariatW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Inuvialuit Joint SecretariatWe are grateful to the hunters of Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour, and Ulukhaktok, whose cooperation and participation made this study possible. We are also grateful to the members of the Paulatuk Hunters and Trappers Committee, particularly Diane Ruben and Jill Green; the Sachs Harbour Hunters and Trappers Committee, particularly Betty Hoagak and Bridget Wolki; and the Olokhaktomiut Hunters and Trappers Committee, particularly Bessie Inuktalik and Justin Memogana. Finally, we are very grateful to Derek Muir, Magali Houde, and Xiaowa Wang for allowing us to take stomach samples from the seals they have been sampling for contaminants at Sachs Harbour and for their help shipping samples. Our project was funded by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation and the Inuvialuit Joint Secretariat. Annual research permits were obtained from the Aurora Research Institute and Fisheries and Oceans Canada.4622<180 Day Usage Count>18ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticJUN2021742127138
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72447http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic7244712Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographySU1KOgold2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0006628997000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes near YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005720
Paleolimnological Assessment of Wildfire-Derived Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Metal(loid)s and Major Ions to Subarctic Lakes (Northwest Territories, Canada)
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCEScharcoal; sediment; remobilization; lead; mercury; aerosolYELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT; FIRE-HISTORY; MACROSCOPIC CHARCOAL; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; FOREST-FIRE; MERCURY DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGEPelletier, N; Chetelat, J; Blarquez, O; Vermaire, JCPelletier, Nicolas; Chetelat, John; Blarquez, Olivier; Vermaire, Jesse C.EnglishWildfires release terrestrial elements to the atmosphere as aerosols, and these events are becoming more frequent and intense in the Arctic boreal forest as the climate is warming. We quantified the impact of atmospheric deposition of aerosols from local wildfires on metal(loid) fluxes using macroscopic charcoal accumulation rates, historical fire mapping, and element concentrations in Pb-210-dated lake sediment from five subarctic lakes with small catchments. Lake sediments showed small but significant increases in fluxes (median = 5-10%) for 22 trace metals, metalloids, or major ions following fire events. The impact of wildfire aerosols on element fluxes was mostly due to short-term (<= 2 years) increasing sedimentation rate (6 41% increase), whereas sediment element concentrations were not strongly impacted. Wildfire-associated deposition to lake sediments was mainly composed of Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, and Na, which are major constituents of ash from burned biomass, but changes in sediment flux were greatest for Sb, As, Ni, Ba, Mn, Mo, and Sr compared to pre-disturbance conditions. Compared to anthropogenic sources of pollution, wildfire-associated atmospheric fluxes of metal contaminants to the lakes (e.g., Hg, Pb, As, Sb, and Cd) were low. This study provides quantitative estimates of wildfire impacts on atmospheric geochemical fluxes to subarctic lakes, which can be used for modeling larger-scale impacts under changing fire regimes. Plain Language Summary The subarctic boreal forest is facing major changes in fire regimes in response to climate change, and it is predicted that wildfires will become increasingly frequent and severe in the near future. Wildfires release terrestrial elements to the atmosphere as aerosols, and the impact of ash fallout from local fires on metal(loid) deposition is not well characterized. Wildfire fallouts contain certain elements that can be essential to living organisms (e.g., Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe) and others that can be toxic (e.g., Pb, Hg, Cd, and As). In this research, we used lake sediment to estimate the amount of material deposited by wildfires in lakes of the subarctic boreal forest over the last 150 years. We found that the input of major ions (e.g., Na, Mg, Ca, and K), metals (e.g., Pb, Hg, Al, and Fe), and metalloids (As and Sb) was elevated during wildfire periods but only by a small amount. The impact of atmospheric deposition was observable in sediment records, indicating that element accumulation in lake sediment can be influenced by wildfires occurring outside the catchment. This study suggests that large areas, including many lakes, will receive additional metal, metalloid, and major ion inputs from more frequent wildfire fallout. Key Points Wildfire fallout was associated with increased fluxes of 22 metal(loid)s and major ions in lake sediment layers Increases in element fluxes to the sediment were small, related to greater sedimentation rates, and lasted <2years Element fluxes to lakes increased by >= 30% during few fire events (5-30% of events, depending on the element)[Pelletier, Nicolas; Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Chetelat, John] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Blarquez, Olivier] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Vermaire, Jesse C.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm & Interdisciplinary Sci, Ottawa, ON, CanadaCarleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Universite de Montreal; Carleton UniversityChetelat, J (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada.john.chetelat@canada.caChetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203; Pelletier, Nicolas/0000-0001-6185-7030; Vermaire, Jesse/0000-0002-9921-6148Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories [177]; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [06159-2016, 05257-2015]; Fonds de Recherche Quebecois Nature et Technologie; Ontario Graduate ScholarshipCumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Fonds de Recherche Quebecois Nature et Technologie; Ontario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship)This research was funded by the Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP) of the Government of the Northwest Territories (Project #177), Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grants to J. C. (06159-2016) and J. C. V. (05257-2015). The project was realized with approval and assistance from the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, the Tcho Government, and the Wek'eezhii Renewable Resources Board. N. P. was funded by the Fonds de Recherche Quebecois Nature et Technologie and an Ontario Graduate Scholarship. We thank the project collaborators Michael Palmer, Colin Robertson, Johanne Black, Jody Pellisey, Boyan Tracz, Sean Richardson, and Sjoerd van der Wielen as well as local field guides Fred Sangris and Narcisse Chocolate. We also thank the laboratory and field assistants Michael Murphy, Carrington Pomeroy, Emily Cormier, Evaline Harmsen, Sabrina Reaume, and Brittany Astles.7888<180 Day Usage Count>26AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.AUG20201258
e2020JG005720
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005720http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG00572014Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyPY8XH2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0006123240000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abac36
Particulate dominance of organic carbon mobilization from thaw slumps on the Peel Plateau, NT: Quantification and implications for stream systems and permafrost carbon release
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSthermokarst; climate change; permafrost; organic carbon; particulate; streamsWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY; MATTER QUALITY; ACTIVE LAYER; SOIL; FLUORESCENCE; SEDIMENT; ICE; NWT; DECOMPOSITIONShakil, S; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SV; Vonk, JE; Zolkos, SShakil, S.; Tank, S. E.; Kokelj, S., V; Vonk, J. E.; Zolkos, S.EnglishClimate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of thermokarst, and accelerating the delivery of terrestrial organic material from previously sequestered sources to aquatic systems, where it is subject to further biochemical alteration. Rapid climate change in the glacially conditioned ice-rich and ice-marginal terrain of the Peel Plateau, western Canada, is accelerating thaw-driven mass wasting in the form of retrogressive thaw slumps, which are rapidly increasing in area, volume and thickness of permafrost thawed. Despite major perturbation of downstream sedimentary and geochemical fluxes, few studies have examined changes in flux and composition of particulate organic carbon (POC) in streams and rivers as a result of permafrost thaw. Here we show that the orders of magnitude increase in total organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus mobilized to streams from thaw slumps on the Peel Plateau is almost entirely due to POC and associated particulate nitrogen and phosphorus release. Slump-mobilized POC is compositionally distinct from its dissolved counterpart and appears to contain relatively greater amounts of degraded organic matter, as inferred from base-extracted fluorescence of particulate organic matter. Thus, slump-mobilized POC is potentially more recalcitrant than POC present in non-slump affected stream networks. Furthermore a substantial portion of POC mobilized from thaw slumps will be constrained within primary sediment stores in valley bottoms, where net accumulation is currently exceeding net erosion, resulting in century to millennial scale sequestration of thermokarst-mobilized POC. This study highlights the pressing need for better knowledge of sedimentary cascades, mobilization, and storage reservoirs in slump-affected streams, and baseline assessments of the biodegradability of POC and cycling of particulate nutrients within a sedimentary cascade framework. Explicit incorporation of POC dynamics into our understanding of land-water carbon mobilization in the face of permafrost thaw is critical for understanding implications of thermokarst for regional carbon cycling and fluvial ecosystems.[Shakil, S.; Tank, S. E.; Zolkos, S.] Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kokelj, S., V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Vonk, J. E.] Vrije Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Zolkos, S.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USAUniversity of Alberta; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Woods Hole Research CenterShakil, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.shakil@ualberta.caVonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Aurora Research Institute; Aurora Research Fellowship; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; UAlberta North; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Program; Arctic Institute of North America; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramTetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Aurora Research Institute; Aurora Research Fellowship; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; UAlberta North; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Program; Arctic Institute of North America; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramWe are thankful for support from the Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council and Aurora Research Institute, and field assistance of Joyce Kendon, Luke Gjini, Maya Guttman, Lindsay Stephens, Christine Firth, Elizabeth Jerome, Billy Wilson, Keith Colin, Rosemin Nathoo, and Erin MacDonald. Cara Littlefair provided invaluable advice on field logistics, and was involved in initial site selection of HA, HB, HD, and SD. Shawne Kokelj provided meteorological data. Alberto Reyes provided advice on headwall source sampling. Christopher Osburn advised laboratory BEPOM analyses and he and Ashley Dubnick provided advice on PARAFAC modelling. Christine Ridenour assisted with BEPOM analyses. Casey Beel provided advice on interpretation of turbidity sensor data. Research was financially supported by the Aurora Research Fellowship, Garfield Weston Foundation, Northern Scientific Training Program, UAlberta North, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Program, Arctic Institute of North America, and Polar Continental Shelf Program. Northwest Territories Geological Survey (NTGS) contribution #0128. Finally, thank you to two anonoymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript.1092020<180 Day Usage Count>735IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV20201511
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abac36http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abac3620Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOK8PJgold2023-03-11WOS:0005849069000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7818
Permafrost condition determines plant community composition and community-level foliar functional traits in a boreal peatland
ArticleECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONcarbon cycling; climate change; discontinuous permafrost; ecosystem function; environmental gradients; leaf economic spectrum; northwest territories; plant functional traitsNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCOTTY CREEK; CARBON; FOREST; GRADIENTS; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGENStanden, KM; Baltzer, JLStanden, Katherine M.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishBoreal peatlands are critical ecosystems globally because they house 30%-40% of terrestrial carbon (C), much of which is stored in permafrost soil vulnerable to climate warming-induced thaw. Permafrost thaw leads to thickening of the active (seasonally thawed) layer and alters nutrient and light availability. These physical changes may influence community-level plant functional traits through intraspecific trait variation and/or species turnover. As permafrost thaw is expected to cause an efflux of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the soil to the atmosphere, it is important to understand thaw-induced changes in plant community productivity to evaluate whether these changes may offset some of the anticipated increases in C emissions. To this end, we collected vascular plant community composition and foliar functional trait data along gradients in aboveground tree biomass and active layer thickness (ALT) in a rapidly thawing boreal peatland, with the expectation that changes in above- and belowground conditions are indicative of altered resource availability. We aimed to determine whether community-level traits vary across these gradients, and whether these changes are dominated by intraspecific trait variation, species turnover, or both. Our results highlight that variability in community-level traits was largely attributable to species turnover and that both community composition and traits were predominantly driven by ALT. Specifically, thicker active layers associated with permafrost-free peatlands (i.e., bogs and fens) shifted community composition from slower-growing evergreen shrubs to faster-growing graminoids and forbs with a corresponding shift toward more productive trait values. The results from this rapidly thawing peatland suggest that continued warming-induced permafrost thaw and thermokarst development alter plant community composition and community-level traits and thus ecosystem productivity. Increased productivity may help to mitigate anticipated CO2 efflux from thawing permafrost, at least in the short term, though this response may be swamped by increase CH4 release.[Standen, Katherine M.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caStanden, Katherine Marie/0000-0003-0370-2027Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water FuturesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water FuturesNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water Futures6844<180 Day Usage Count>524WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2045-7758ECOL EVOLEcol. Evol.AUG202111151013310146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7818http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7818JUL 202114Ecology; Evolutionary BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary BiologyTT1OZ34367564Green Published, gold2023-03-05WOS:0006692187000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel Plateau, Mackenzie lowlands, uplands east of InuvikNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007403
Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, and Potential Trajectories of Future Change
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESArctic; biogeochemical fluxes; thermokarst; physiographyDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PEEL PLATEAU; THAW SLUMPS; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METHANE EMISSIONS; AQUATIC CONDUIT; DIOXIDE; WATER; CO2Zolkos, S; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SV; Striegl, RG; Shakil, S; Voigt, C; Sonnentag, O; Quinton, WL; Schuur, EAG; Zona, D; Lafleur, PM; Sullivan, RC; Ueyama, M; Billesbach, D; Cook, D; Humphreys, ER; Marsh, PZolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; Kokelj, Steven, V; Striegl, Robert G.; Shakil, Sarah; Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver; Quinton, William L.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Zona, Donatella; Lafleur, Peter M.; Sullivan, Ryan C.; Ueyama, Masahito; Billesbach, David; Cook, David; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Marsh, PhilipEnglishIntensifying permafrost thaw alters carbon cycling by mobilizing large amounts of terrestrial substrate into aquatic ecosystems. Yet, few studies have measured aquatic carbon fluxes and constrained drivers of ecosystem carbon balance across heterogeneous Arctic landscapes. Here, we characterized hydrochemical and landscape controls on fluvial carbon cycling, quantified fluvial carbon fluxes, and estimated fluvial contributions to ecosystem carbon balance across 33 watersheds in four ecoregions in the continuous permafrost zone of the western Canadian Arctic: unglaciated uplands, ice-rich moraine, and organic-rich lowlands and till plains. Major ions, stable isotopes, and carbon speciation and fluxes revealed patterns in carbon cycling across ecoregions defined by terrain relief and accumulation of organics. In previously unglaciated mountainous watersheds, bicarbonate dominated carbon export (70% of total) due to chemical weathering of bedrock. In lowland watersheds, where soil organic carbon stores were largest, lateral transport of dissolved organic carbon (50%) and efflux of biotic CO2 (25%) dominated. In watersheds affected by thaw-induced mass wasting, erosion of ice-rich tills enhanced chemical weathering and increased particulate carbon fluxes by two orders of magnitude. From an ecosystem carbon balance perspective, fluvial carbon export in watersheds not affected by thaw-induced wasting was, on average, equivalent to 6%-16% of estimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In watersheds affected by thaw-induced wasting, fluvial carbon export approached 60% of NEE. Because future intensification of thermokarst activity will amplify fluvial carbon export, determining the fate of carbon across diverse northern landscapes is a priority for constraining trajectories of permafrost region ecosystem carbon balance.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; Shakil, Sarah] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Zolkos, Scott] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA; [Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nordiques, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Voigt, Carolina] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Quinton, William L.; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Sullivan, Ryan C.; Cook, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Billesbach, David] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; Harvard University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Universite de Montreal; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; University of Eastern Finland; Wilfrid Laurier University; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Sheffield; Trent University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; Carleton UniversityZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.;Zolkos, S (corresponding author), Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.;Zolkos, S (corresponding author), Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.sgzolkos@gmail.comTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012; Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Striegl, Robert/0000-0002-8251-4659Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [430696, 444873]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program [617-16]; Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan; Clean Tech Internship) [C6134]; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Arctic Institute of North America; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; JAMSTEC; IARC/UAF; ArCSII project [JPMXD1420318865]; Academy of Finland project MUFFIN [332196]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [332196] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan; Clean Tech Internship); UAlberta Northern Research Award; Arctic Institute of North America; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); JAMSTEC; IARC/UAF; ArCSII project; Academy of Finland project MUFFIN; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))Research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant #430696, Northern Research Supplement #444873), the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, the Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program (#617-16), the Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan; Clean Tech Internship #C6134), the UAlberta Northern Research Award, and the Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid. The authors thank Lindsey Stephen, Christine Firth, Abraham Snowshoe, Elizabeth Jerome, and Maya Guttman for assistance in the field; Shawne Kokelj for providing meteorological data for the Peel Plateau; and Anna-Maria Virkkala for insightful conversation about net ecosystem exchange and carbon balance. Observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science managed by the Biological and Environmental Research Program. Work at ANL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US-Prr and US-Uaf sites are supported by JAMSTEC and IARC/UAF collaboration study and the ArCSII project (JPMXD1420318865). C. Voigt was supported by the Academy of Finland project MUFFIN (decision no. 332196). NWT Geological Survey contribution 0151.13900<180 Day Usage Count>1111AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleSEP2022369
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007403http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GB00740321Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4P0JOGreen Accepted, Green Published2023-03-11WOS:0008550798000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition
ArticleJOURNAL OF ECOLOGYactive layer; black spruce; boreal forest; eastern larch; ForestGEO; organic layer thickness; peatland; permafrostSPRUCE PICEA-MARIANA; TAMARACK LARIX-LARICINA; BLACK SPRUCE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; TREE MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HABITAT SELECTION; EASTERN LARCH; GROWTHDearborn, KD; Wallace, CA; Patankar, R; Baltzer, JLDearborn, Katherine D.; Wallace, Cory A.; Patankar, Rajit; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishBoreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand-level data, make it difficult to predict future trajectories of boreal forest composition and structure. We sought to characterize patterns and identify drivers of forest structure, composition, mortality and recruitment in a boreal peatland experiencing permafrost thaw. To do this, we established a large (10 ha) permanent forest plot (completed in 2014), located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, that includes 40,584 mapped and measured trees. In 2018, we conducted a comprehensive mortality and recruitment recensus. We also measured frost table depth, soil moisture, soil humification and organic layer thickness within the plot between 2012 and 2018, and used habitat association tests to link these variables to forest characteristics and dynamics. Forest composition and structure varied markedly throughout the plot and were strongly governed by patterns in permafrost presence and organic layer thickness. Overall, there was a net loss of trees from the plot at a rate of 0.7% year(-1). Mortality of black spruce, the dominant tree species, was more than double that of recruitment and was strongly associated with permafrost thaw. In contrast, recruitment of larch was over four times greater than mortality, and occurred primarily in low-lying, permafrost-free wetlands with mineral soil near the surface. Synthesis. The trends in tree demography and underlying drivers suggest that spruce-dominated permafrost plateaus will be converted into larch-dominated wetlands as permafrost thaw progresses in boreal peatlands, particularly in areas where mineral soil is near the surface. In the longer term, thaw could increase the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, resulting in widespread drainage and re-vegetation by spruce, but we did not find evidence that this is occurring yet. Given the increasing rates of permafrost thaw, and positive feedbacks between thaw and forest change, we predict that larch abundance will continue to increase in boreal peatlands over the coming decades, leading to shifts in ecosystem function, wildlife habitat, albedo and snow dynamics.[Dearborn, Katherine D.; Patankar, Rajit; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Wallace, Cory A.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Patankar, Rajit] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Denton, TX USAWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityDearborn, KD (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada.katherined88@gmail.comDearborn, Katherine/I-8178-2019Dearborn, Katherine/0000-0002-4850-7690; Wallace, Cory/0000-0003-2648-9046; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Global Water Futures; Northern Water Futures; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Smithsonian ForestGEOWilfrid Laurier University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Global Water Futures; Northern Water Futures; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Smithsonian ForestGEOWilfrid Laurier University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Global Water Futures; Northern Water Futures; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Smithsonian ForestGEO751010<180 Day Usage Count>322WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0022-04771365-2745J ECOLJ. Ecol.MAR2021109314521467
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13569DEC 202016Plant Sciences; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & EcologyQT3ZXhybrid, Green Submitted2023-03-05WOS:0006018344000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae46c
Permafrost thaw induced drying of wetlands at Scotty Creek, NWT, Canada
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSdiscontinuous permafrost; land cover change; discharge; contributing area; runoff; connectivity; water storageDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLOGY; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITYHaynes, KM; Connon, RF; Quinton, WLHaynes, K. M.; Connon, R. F.; Quinton, W. L.EnglishNorthwestern Canada is one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. The scale and rapidity of recently observed warming-induced changes throughout this region indicate that it is particularly sensitive to climate warming and capable of rapid responses to perturbations. Unprecedented rates of permafrost thaw in the zone of discontinuous permafrost are transforming forests to wetlands, and changing the distribution and routing of water over the landscape as evidenced by recent increases in basin discharge. However, the impact of increasing basin discharge on basin water storage is not well understood. Water levels on a permafrost plateau, channel fen, and isolated and connected bogs were monitored from 2003-2017 in the Scotty Creek watershed, Northwest Territories. The water level in the channel fen did not significantly change over the period of study, sustained by inputs from the increasingly-connected network of bogs as permafrost barriers thawed. Bogs with varying levels of connection to the drainage network released from storage between 40 and 53 mm of water over the study period. The water level in the monitored isolated bog did not significantly change over this period. Estimates of moisture contributions derived directly from vertical permafrost thaw and from the lateral expansion of contributing areas account for 90% of the observed cumulative increase of 1043 mm in basin runoff between 1998-2012, leaving 109 mm of this increase unaccounted for. Increasing connectivity to the drainage network and transient wetland drainage at the landscape scale resulted from permafrost thaw-induced talik development. The similarity between the magnitude of wetland drainage and that of enhanced runoff suggests that increased connectivity of wetlands to the drainage network may contribute to increasing runoff from the Scotty Creek watershed. Permafrost thaw-induced land cover transition was found to have both short and long-term effects on runoff generation.[Haynes, K. M.; Connon, R. F.; Quinton, W. L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caChanging Cold Regions Network (CCRN); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Dehcho First NationChanging Cold Regions Network (CCRN); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Dehcho First NationWe acknowledge the contributions of all those involved in data collection at Scotty Creek. We also wish to thank the Dehcho First Nation for their support and acknowledge that the Scotty Creek Research Station is located on Treaty 11 land. We acknowledge funding support from the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.302727<180 Day Usage Count>229IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV20181311
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae46chttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae46c13Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGY4BGgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004485022000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway, Tuktoyaktuk coastlandsNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd971
Permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter composition varies across permafrost end-members in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSdissolved organic matter composition; permafrost; FT-ICR MSMOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON; SOILS; PALEOENVIRONMENTS; STRATIGRAPHY; DEGRADATION; BIOLABILITY; EXTRACTION; INUVIKMacDonald, EN; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SV; Froese, DG; Hutchins, RHSMacDonald, Erin N.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Kokelj, Steven, V; Froese, Duane G.; Hutchins, Ryan H. S.EnglishOrganic matter, upon dissolution into the aqueous state as dissolved organic matter (DOM), can undergo mineralization by microbes. There has been increasing effort to characterize DOM released from thawing permafrost because it may perpetuate a permafrost carbon feedback. Permafrost-derived DOM often has a composition that can be highly susceptible to mineralization by microbes, but most studies to date that characterize permafrost-derived DOM have been limited to select regions, and tend to focus on a single type of permafrost (sometimes unspecified) that reflects a particular deposit type. Importantly, diversity in the nature of the deposit, formation of permafrost, and thaw modification processes leads to spatial and stratigraphic variability in its properties, but our understanding of variation in the composition of DOM derived from differing permafrost types (end-members) is poor. Here, we used ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize DOM composition derived from a series of permafrost end-member types that are commonly found within the thaw-vulnerable western Canadian Arctic, including: tills (glacially deposited), diamicton (thawed and remobilized material of mixed origin), lacustrine (lake basin sediments into which permafrost has aggraded), peat (partially decomposed organic material), and Yedoma (syngenetic silty loess) deposits. We identified marked variation in DOM composition among permafrost end-member types. Tills were compositionally dissimilar to all other permafrost end-members. Compounds unique to Yedoma were predominantly aliphatic, while compounds unique to peat, lacustrine, and diamicton spanned saturation and oxygenation gradients. All permafrost leachates were generally higher in aliphatics, lower in aromatics, and less oxygenated than active layer leachates. Compositional differences appear to reflect variation in permafrost parent materials, and particularly strong effects from past modification processes while in the unfrozen or thawed state. Constraining DOM composition and assessing its stratigraphic variability will become more pressing as the spatial and stratigraphic extent of thaw increases with future warming.[MacDonald, Erin N.; Tank, Suzanne E.; Hutchins, Ryan H. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Froese, Duane G.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [MacDonald, Erin N.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Hutchins, Ryan H. S.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University of Alberta; University of WaterlooMacDonald, EN (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.enmacdon@ualberta.caHutchins, Ryan H.S./AAD-8728-2019; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Hutchins, Ryan H.S./0000-0002-1696-4934; Froese, Duane/0000-0003-1032-5944; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Northern Scientific Training Program; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Department of Infrastructure, GNWTNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Northern Scientific Training Program; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Department of Infrastructure, GNWTField sampling was completed in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (permit #16273), and we are immensely grateful to the communities of Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk. We would like to thank Gabriela Lech and Casey Buchanan for their indispensable assistance in the field. Conversations with collaborators and colleagues, including Dr Malak Tfaily, greatly improved the quality of this work. We would also like to thank Randy Whittal for his technical assistance. We would like to thank two anonymous reveiwers who providied constructive and insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program, UAlberta Northern Research Award and Northern Scientific Training Program, Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program. This work was done in collaboration with the Government of Northwest Territories (GNWT) Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada. Samples utilized in this study (from depths >2 m) were obtained through a drilling program funded by Department of Infrastructure, GNWT, described in [38]. This paper is NWT Geological Survey (NTGS) contribution number 0132.671313<180 Day Usage Count>638IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.FEB2021162
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd971http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd97113Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesQD0JOgold2023-03-11WOS:0006152147000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoNahanni National Park ReserveNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-012
Persistent changes to ecosystems following winter road construction and abandonment in an area of discontinuous permafrost, Nahanni National Park Reserve, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHNO 1 PIPELINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHRUB TUNDRA; MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS; GLACIER FORELANDS; TREE RECRUITMENT; VEHICLE TRACKS; BOREAL FOREST; THERMAL STATE; WHITE SPRUCECameron, EA; Lantz, TCCameron, Emily A.; Lantz, Trevor C.EnglishSubarctic ecosystems are experiencing rapid changes as a result of climate warming and more frequent and severe disturbances. There is considerable uncertainty regarding ecological trajectories following disturbance in forested ecosystems underlain by permafrost because their structure and function is controlled by feedbacks among soil conditions, vegetation, and ground thermal regime. In this paper, we studied post-disturbance ecosystem recovery in an area of discontinuous permafrost 32 years after construction and abandonment of a winter access road in Nahanni National Park Reserve (NNPR). Ecosystem recovery was examined by comparing disturbed (road) and undisturbed (adjacent to the road) sites in the following terrain types: spruce peatland, black spruce parkland, deciduous forest, and alpine treeline terrain. Our field data show that disturbances to discontinuous permafrost terrain can lead to large and persistent changes to ecosystem composition and structure. Our findings indicate that the ecological response of discontinuous permafrost to disturbance and climate warming will depend on interactions between soil conditions and vegetation communities. In instances where disturbance to discontinuous permafrost fundamentally disrupts stabilizing interactions between soil conditions and vegetation communities, we should expect lasting changes to ecosystem structure and function.[Cameron, Emily A.; Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, David Turpin Bldg,B Wing,POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, David Turpin Bldg,B Wing,POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caParks Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northern Scientific Training ProgramParks Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis research was supported by Parks Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. Logistical support was provided by Audrey Steedman, Mike Suitor, Aaron Donohue, Jon Tsetso, and Doug Tate (Parks Canada). For support in the field and lab, the authors thank Mat Whitelaw, Kaylah Lewis, Bruce Bennett, Harneet Gill, Chanda Turner, and Becky Segal. The authors also thank Karen Harper, Brian Starzomski, and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful commentary on this manuscript.8455<180 Day Usage Count>115TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.MAY2017492259276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-012http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0016-01218Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyEW1VIGreen Published, Bronze2023-03-08WOS:0004022830000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4b
Preferential export of permafrost-derived organic matter as retrogressive thaw slumping intensifies
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERScarbon cycle; climate change; cryosphere; thermokarstCROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; MACKENZIE RIVER; PEEL PLATEAU; CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LENA RIVER; TERRESTRIAL; SEDIMENTS; OXIDATION; EROSIONBroder, L; Keskitalo, K; Zolkos, S; Shakil, S; Tank, SE; Kokelj, SV; Tesi, T; van Dongen, BE; Haghipour, N; Eglinton, TI; Vonk, JEBroeder, Lisa; Keskitalo, Kirsi; Zolkos, Scott; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; Kokelj, Steve, V; Tesi, Tommaso; van Dongen, Bart E.; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy, I; Vonk, Jorien E.EnglishEnhanced warming of the Northern high latitudes has intensified thermokarst processes throughout the permafrost zone. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), where thaw-driven erosion caused by ground ice melt creates terrain disturbances extending over tens of hectares, represent particularly dynamic thermokarst features. Biogeochemical transformation of the mobilized substrate may release CO2 to the atmosphere and impact downstream ecosystems, yet its fate remains unclear. The Peel Plateau in northwestern Canada hosts some of the largest RTS features in the Arctic. Here, thick deposits of Pleistocene-aged glacial tills are overlain by a thinner layer of relatively organic-rich Holocene-aged permafrost that aggraded upward following deeper thaw and soil development during the early Holocene warm period. In this study, we characterize exposed soil layers and the mobilized material by analysing sediment properties and organic matter composition in active layer, Holocene and Pleistocene permafrost, recently thawed debris deposits and fresh deposits of slump outflow from four separate RTS features. We found that organic matter content, radiocarbon age and biomarker concentrations in debris and outflow deposits from all four sites were most similar to permafrost soils, with a lesser influence of the organic-rich active layer. Lipid biomarkers suggested a significant contribution of petrogenic carbon especially in Pleistocene permafrost. Active layer samples contained abundant intrinsically labile macromolecular components (polysaccharides, lignin markers, phenolic and N-containing compounds). All other samples were dominated by degraded organic constituents. Active layer soils, although heterogeneous, also had the highest median grain sizes, whereas debris and runoff deposits consisted of finer mineral grains and were generally more homogeneous, similar to permafrost. We thus infer that both organic matter degradation and hydrodynamic sorting during transport affect the mobilized material. Determining the relative magnitude of these two processes will be crucial to better assess the role of intensifying RTS activity in CO2 release and ecosystem carbon fluxes.[Broeder, Lisa; Haghipour, Negar; Eglinton, Timothy, I] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Geol Inst, Zurich, Switzerland; [Broeder, Lisa; Keskitalo, Kirsi; Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Zolkos, Scott; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Harvard Univ, John A Paulson Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Zolkos, Scott] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Kokelj, Steve, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Tesi, Tommaso] CNR, Inst Polar Sci, Bologna, Italy; [van Dongen, Bart E.] Univ Manchester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [van Dongen, Bart E.] Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Haghipour, Negar] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, SwitzerlandSwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Alberta; Harvard University; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR); University of Manchester; University of Manchester; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH ZurichBroder, L (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Geol Inst, Zurich, Switzerland.;Broder, L (corresponding author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.lisa.broeder@erdw.ethz.chVonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Keskitalo, K.H./0000-0001-5793-5083; Eglinton, Timothy/0000-0001-5060-2155; Tesi, Tommaso/0000-0002-1686-3375European Research Council [676982]European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission)This study has been conducted within the Gwich'in Settlement region. We acknowledge the staff of Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik and the Tetlit Gwich'in RRC for their logistical support of the field campaign. Hugues Lantuit, George Tanski, Dirk Jong, Erin MacDonald and Rosemin Nathoo are thanked for their help with the fieldwork, together with wildlife monitors Georgina Neyando, Andrew Koe and Dempster Colin. Charlotte van der Nagel contributed to the analytical work. This study benefitted from helpful discussions with Daniel Montlucon, Julie Lattaud, Julien Fouche, Sophie Opfergelt and Maxime Thomas. Funding for this work was provided by a European Research Council Starting Grant to Jorien Vonk (THAWSOME #676982). Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers helped to improve an earlier version of this manuscript.751111<180 Day Usage Count>831IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAY2021165
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4bhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4b16Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesRZ6MDgold, Green Published2023-03-11WOS:0006487138000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4218
Scale-dependent responses of understory vegetation to the physical structure of undisturbed tundra shrub patches
ArticleECOSPHEREAlnus alnobetula; green alder; shrub expansion; snow depth; species richness; topographic position; tundra specialistsARCTIC TUNDRA; SNOW; EXPANSION; COMMUNITIES; GROWTH; DIVERSITY; CANOPIES; CLIMATE; ALDER; MODELWallace, CA; Baltzer, JLWallace, Cory A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishMuch of the Arctic is experiencing rapid change in the productivity and recruitment of tall, deciduous shrubs. It is well established that shrub expansion can alter tundra ecosystem composition and function; however, less is known about the degree to which variability in the physical structure of shrub patches might mediate these changes. There is also limited information as to how different physical attributes of shrub patches may covary and how they differ with topography. Here, we address these knowledge gaps by measuring the physical structure, abiotic conditions, and understory plant community composition at sampling plots within undisturbed green alder patches at a taiga-tundra ecotone site in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We found surprisingly few associations between most structural variables and abiotic conditions at the plot scale, with the notable exceptions of canopy complexity and snow depth. Importantly, neither patch structure nor abiotic conditions were associated with the vegetation community at the plot scale when among-patch variation was accounted for. However, among-patch variation in plant community composition was significant and represented a gradient in the richness of tundra specialists and Sphagnum moss abundance. This gradient was strongly associated with mean patch snow depth, which was likely controlled at least in part by mean patch canopy complexity. Overall, natural variability in green alder patch structure had less of an association with abiotic conditions than expected, suggesting future changes in physical structure at undisturbed sites may have limited environmental impact at the plot scale. However, at the patch scale, increases in snow depth, likely related to canopy complexity, were negatively associated with tundra specialist richness, potentially due to phenological limitations associated with shortened growing seasons. In summary, our data suggest emergent properties exist at the patch scale that are not apparent at the plot scale such that plot-scale measurements do not represent variation in understory community composition across the landscape. The results presented here will inform future work addressing spatial variability in shrub impacts on ecosystem function and increase our understanding of understory community variation within alder patch habitats at the taiga-tundra ecotone.[Wallace, Cory A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Wallace, Cory A.] McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; McMaster UniversityWallace, CA (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Wallace, CA (corresponding author), McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, Canada.corywallace6@gmail.comBaltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; Wallace, Cory/0000-0003-2648-9046Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; Polar Continental Shelf Program; ArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship; Ontario Graduate Scholarships; Global Water FuturesCanada First Research Excellence Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; Polar Continental Shelf Program; ArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ontario Graduate Scholarships(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); Global Water FuturesCanada First Research Excellence Fund; Northern Scientific Training Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; Polar Continental Shelf Program; ArcticNet; Polar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postgraduate Scholarship; Ontario Graduate Scholarships; Global Water Futures6700<180 Day Usage Count>77WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereSEP2022139
e4218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4218http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.421814EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology4I0YJgold2023-03-05WOS:0008503038000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research Station, Notawohka CreekNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-2018
Seasonal shifts in export of DOC and nutrients from burned and unburned peatland-rich catchments, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; BOREAL FOREST; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS EXPORT; STREAM CHEMISTRY; WATER CHEMISTRY; MATTER; FIRE; SOILSBurd, K; Tank, SE; Dion, N; Quinton, WL; Spence, C; Tanentzap, AJ; Olefeldt, DBurd, Katheryn; Tank, Suzanne E.; Dion, Nicole; Quinton, William L.; Spence, Christopher; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishBoreal peatlands are major catchment sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients and thus strongly regulate the landscape carbon balance, aquatic food webs, and downstream water quality. Climate change is likely to influence catchment solute yield directly through climatic controls on run-off generation, but also indirectly through altered disturbance regimes. In this study we monitored water chemistry from early spring until fall at the outlets of a 321 km(2) catchment that burned 3 years prior to the study and a 134 km(2) undisturbed catchment. Both catchments were located in the discontinuous permafrost zone of boreal western Canada and had similar to 60% peatland cover. The two catchments had strong similarities in the timing of DOC and nutrient yields, but a few differences were consistent with anticipated effects of wildfire based on peatland porewater analysis. The 4-week spring period, particularly the rising limb of the spring freshet, was crucial for accurate characterization of the seasonal solute yield from both catchments. The spring period was responsible for similar to 65% of the seasonal DOC and nitrogen and for similar to 85% of the phosphorous yield. The rising limb of the spring freshet was associated with high phosphorous concentrations and DOC of distinctly high aromaticity and molecular weight. Shifts in stream DOC concentrations and aromaticity outside the early spring period were consistent with shifts in relative streamflow con-tribution from precipitation-like water in the spring to mineral soil groundwater in the summer, with consistent relative contributions from organic soil porewater. Radiocarbon content (C-14) of DOC at the outlets was modern throughout May to September (fraction modern carbon, fM: 0.99-1.05) but likely reflected a mix of aged DOC, e.g. porewater DOC from permafrost (fM: 0.65-0.85) and non-permafrost peatlands (fM: 0.95-1.00), with modern bomb-influenced DOC, e.g. DOC leached from forest litter (fM: 1.05-1.10). The burned catchment had significantly increased total phosphorous (TP) yield and also had greater DOC yield during summer which was characterized by a greater contribution from aged DOC. Overall, however, our results suggest that DOC composition and yield from peatland-rich catchments in the discontinuous permafrost region likely is more sensitive to climate change through impacts on run-off generation rather than through altered fire regimes.[Burd, Katheryn; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Dion, Nicole] Govt Northwest Terr, Water Resources Dept, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Ctr Cold Reg & Water Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Spence, Christopher] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Tanentzap, Andrew J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EA, EnglandUniversity of Alberta; University of Alberta; Wilfrid Laurier University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of CambridgeOlefeldt, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.olefeldt@ualberta.caOlefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577National Science and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta; UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursary, from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy; NERC Arctic Office; Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology programNational Science and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta(University of Alberta); UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursary, from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy; NERC Arctic Office; Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology programThis study was funded by support from the National Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688); the Campus Alberta Innovates Program; the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards; a UK-Canada Arctic Partnership Bursary, from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy supported by the NERC Arctic Office; and the Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Science and Technology program. We thank William Heffernan, Carolyn Gibson, Michael Barbeau, Jessi Steinke, Megan Schmidt, Cristian Estop-Aragones, and McKenzie Kuhn for their help with field work.832727<180 Day Usage Count>564COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.AUG 22201822844554472
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-201818Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesGR2KNgold, Green Submitted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004423999000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.17375
Seasonal thaw and landscape position determine foliar functional traits and whole-plant water use in tall shrubs on the low arctic tundra
ArticleNEW PHYTOLOGISTabiotic limitations; Alnus alnobetula (green alder); Northwest Territories; plant functional traits; resource availability; sap flow; tundra shrub expansionCARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SAP FLOW; ALASKAN TUNDRA; NITROGEN; LEAF; VEGETATION; EXPANSION; GROWTH; RESPONSES; ECOLOGYBlack, KL; Wallace, CA; Baltzer, JLBlack, Katherine L.; Wallace, Cory A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishClimate warming is driving tundra shrub expansion with implications for ecosystem function and regional climate. Understanding associations between shrub ecophysiological function, distribution and environment is necessary for predicting consequences of expansion. We evaluated the role of topographic gradients on upland shrub productivity to understand potential constraints on shrub expansion. At a low arctic tundra site near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, we measured sap flow, stem water potential and productivity-related functional traits in green alder, and environmental predictors (water and nutrient availability and seasonal thaw depth) across a toposequence in alder patches. Seasonal thaw reduced stem sap flow whereas topographic position predicted stem water potential and productivity-related functional traits. Upslope shrubs were more water-limited than those downslope. Shrubs in drainage channels had traits associated with greater productivity than those on the tops of slopes. The effect of thaw depth on sap flow has implications for seasonal water-use patterns and warming impacts on tundra ecohydrology. Topographic variation in functional traits corresponds with observed spatial patterns of tundra shrub expansion along floodplains and concave hillslopes rather than in upland areas. Green alder is expanding rapidly across the low arctic tundra in northwestern North America; thus, anticipating the implications of its expansion is essential for predicting tundra function.[Black, Katherine L.; Wallace, Cory A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caBaltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; Black, Katherine/0000-0003-4652-120X; Wallace, Cory/0000-0003-2648-9046ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Changing Cold Regions Network); Canadian Northern Studies Trust; Wilfrid Laurier University; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Northern Scientific Training ProgramArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Changing Cold Regions Network)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Northern Studies Trust; Wilfrid Laurier University; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation(Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario); Northern Scientific Training ProgramFunding was provided by ArcticNet, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Changing Cold Regions Network), Canadian Northern Studies Trust, Wilfrid Laurier University, the Polar Continental Shelf Program, Polar Knowledge Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. J. Rabley, T. Giguere and E. Way-Nee supported data collection. We gratefully acknowledge logistical support provided by P. Marsh through access to TVC. N. Tran provided technical support for sap flow data processing. N. Day provided statistical advice. P. Marsh and K. Stevens provided input regarding study design. A. Berg provided soil moisture equipment and E. Wrona developed soil moisture calibrations. C. Pappas and O. Sonnentag reviewed early manuscript versions. Four anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful and constructive feedback on a previous version of this manuscript. Logistical support was provided by the Government of the Northwest Territories - Laurier Partnership. This research was carried out in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region under Aurora Research Institute Scientific Research License #15609.8033<180 Day Usage Count>724WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0028-646X1469-8137NEW PHYTOLNew Phytol.JUL2021231194107
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.17375http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.17375APR 202114Plant SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Plant SciencesSK8WQ337748202023-03-05WOS:0006456681000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaNoell LakeNAcademicNhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26478012
Seasonal Variations in the Limnology of Noell Lake in the Western Canadian Arctic Tracked by In Situ Observation Systems
ArticleARCTIClimnology; continuous monitoring; mixing; stratification; dissolved oxygen; hypoxiaMACKENZIE RIVER-BASIN; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; FOREST-TUNDRA; WATER-QUALITY; CLIMATE; ISLAND; IMPACTS; PONDS; FIREPaquette-Struger, B; Wrona, FJ; Atkinson, D; Di Cenzo, PPaquette-Struger, Benjamin; Wrona, Frederick J.; Atkinson, David; Di Cenzo, PeterEnglishResearch investigating climate-driven changes in northern lake ecosystems is complicated by a legacy of initiatives that have used sporadic observations, often confined to open-water seasons, to define the lake state. These observations have conventionally been lake water samples analyzed for a suite of physical and chemical parameters and are indicative of only the days or hours immediately before sampling. Monitoring approaches that sample a broader scope of limnological parameters over a continuous period are needed to augment existing strategies. A study of the seasonal changes to limnological parameters in Noell Lake was performed by analyzing continuous, hourly data collected from a series of automated and non-automated moorings over the period July 2012 to July 2013. Noell Lake was found to be strongly stratified throughout the open-water and under-ice seasons, with two prominent mixing periods in spring and fall. Processes of cryoconcentration and respiration intensified density-driven stratification while the lake is ice-covered, with the deep holes of Noell Lake becoming particularly saline and oxygen-depleted all year. Hypoxia was prevalent during the under-ice season because these physical and biogeochemical processes eliminated mixing from the lower lake depths while oxygen demand remained high. Use of continuous hourly monitoring facilitated improved understanding of the dynamical response of Noell Lake to atmospheric forcing.[Paquette-Struger, Benjamin; Wrona, Frederick J.; Atkinson, David] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Stn CSC, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Di Cenzo, Peter] Univ Victoria, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Stn CSC, POB 3060, Victoria, BC V8V 3R4, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of VictoriaPaquette-Struger, B (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Stn CSC, POB 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.baps@uvic.ca6211<180 Day Usage Count>19ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticJUN2018712149166
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic4716http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic471618Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyHR1UI2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004629207000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuTributary basin of Tsichu RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2174
Seasonally distinct runoff-recharge partitioning in an alpine tundra catchment
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESalpine tundra; groundwater recharge; Mackenzie River; permafrost; runoff; Taiga CordilleraPERMAFROST THAW; GROUNDWATER STORAGE; MOUNTAIN REGIONS; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; BASIN; CLIMATE; WATER; GENERATION; STREAMFLOW; IMPACTKershaw, GGL; English, MC; Wolfe, BBKershaw, Geoffrey G. L.; English, Michael C.; Wolfe, Brent B.EnglishHydrological processes within the alpine tundra of the Taiga Cordillera ecozone in northwestern Canada are poorly understood, yet these areas receive more precipitation per unit area than lowlands and sustain late summer and winter flow in large river systems when contributions from other areas are reduced. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial and temporal variability in streamflow and groundwater recharge within an alpine tundra basin with discontinuous permafrost and explore the potential impacts of climate change on the timing and intensity of these hydrological processes. Hydrometric and remote sensing methods were used to complete a water balance assessment of the study basin and compare spatial and seasonal differences in inputs, outputs, runoff ratio, and runoff-recharge partitioning during the 2019 open water season. During the freshet, the basin received large daily melt volumes and responded with highly efficient runoff. Evapotranspiration became the primary means of water loss in the early summer but declined as the summer progressed. During the summer, groundwater discharge exceeded precipitation inputs and sustained headwater subbasin streamflow. Groundwater recharge occurred primarily via glaciofluvial upland infiltration during the freshet and channel bed infiltration during the summer. The partitioning of basin outputs between runoff and groundwater recharge was highly seasonal, with a freshet ratio favoring runoff (0.83) while the early and late summer favored recharge (0.28 and 0.17, respectively). As climate change continues, higher air temperatures and greater precipitation are expected for the study basin. Longer open water seasons and declining permafrost extent within the study basin will result in a greater proportion of input water routed to storage and/or groundwater recharge instead of runoff. Shrubification and treeline expansion may also increase evaporative losses from alpine tundra areas, reducing both rapid runoff and delayed aquifer recharge contributions important for larger rivers at lower elevation.[Kershaw, Geoffrey G. L.; English, Michael C.; Wolfe, Brent B.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityKershaw, GGL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada.kers7130@mylaurier.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Graduate Scholarship programNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Graduate Scholarship program(Ontario Graduate Scholarship)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Graduate Scholarship program8000<180 Day Usage Count>77WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN202334194107
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2174http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21742022-11-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology7Z2YR2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008828151000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13158
Sediment inputs from retrogressive thaw slumps drive algal biomass accumulation but not decomposition in Arctic streams, NWT
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYArctic streams; decomposition; permafrost degradation; primary production; thaw slumpLEAF BREAKDOWN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST THAW; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; LITTER; RIVER; RESPIRATION; ENVIRONMENTLevenstein, B; Culp, JM; Lento, JLevenstein, Brianna; Culp, Joseph M.; Lento, JenniferEnglish1. Increasing rates of precipitation and higher air temperatures have increased the size and frequency of retrogressive thaw slumps large depressions of thawed permafrost that form on the landscape-in north-western Canada. Many of these thaw slumps flow into nearby stream systems, leading to increased sediment, solute and nutrient loads. 2. We evaluated the impacts of retrogressive thaw slumps on measurements of algal biomass accumulation and decomposition of organic materials in streams in the Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories. We predicted that increased sediment loads from thaw slumps would decrease algal standing stock and decomposition in thaw slump-impacted streams, overriding the potential positive effects of increased nutrient concentrations. 3. Chl-a measurements were obtained as a proxy for algal standing stock from sites upstream and downstream of thaw slumps by performing algae scrapes and deploying artificial substrates in 2014. Cotton strips were deployed at upstream and downstream sites in 2013 and 2014, and tensile strength was measured to assess breakdown. Grab water samples were taken to measure physical and chemical parameters at each site. 4. Thaw slumps increased total suspended solids, but not dissolved nutrients at downstream sites. Our results indicated a significant negative relationship between Chl-a and total suspended solids. Decomposition indicated a negative relationship with total suspended solids, but displayed much stronger positive relationships with temperature, pH and dissolved phosphorus. 5. Our findings indicated that total suspended solids were a stronger driver of change in thaw slump-impacted stream reaches than nutrients, although nutrients may be more influential during the initiation of thaw slump disturbances. Algal biomass accumulation was found to be more sensitive to thaw slump impacts than decomposition, which may lead to a functional and structural shift in favour of allochthonous-based food webs over autochthonous ones at thaw slump-impacted stream reaches.[Levenstein, Brianna; Culp, Joseph M.; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Levenstein, Brianna; Culp, Joseph M.; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityLevenstein, B (corresponding author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada.;Levenstein, B (corresponding author), Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada.brianna.levenstein@unb.caLento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Levenstein, Brianna/0000-0002-3776-1933Polar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impacts Monitoring ProgramPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impacts Monitoring ProgramPolar Continental Shelf Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program611212<180 Day Usage Count>529WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.OCT2018631013001315
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13158http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.1315816Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyGY8MB2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004488817000100 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllA community in the NWT permafrost zone, specific community not identified to protect anonymity of participantsYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050789
Self-Rated Health, Life Balance and Feeling of Empowerment When Facing Impacts of Permafrost Thaw-A Case Study from Northern Canada
ArticleATMOSPHEREarctic; climate change; permafrost thaw; self-rated health; life balance; feeling of empowermentCLIMATE-CHANGE; MENTAL-HEALTH; INUIT; COASTTimlin, U; Ramage, J; Gartler, S; Nordstrom, T; Rautio, ATimlin, Ulla; Ramage, Justine; Gartler, Susanna; Nordstrom, Tanja; Rautio, ArjaEnglishClimate warming in Arctic Canada, e.g., permafrost thaw, comprehensively impacts biota and the environment, which then affects the lives of people. This study aimed to investigate which perceived environmental and adaptation factors relate to self-rated well-being, quality of life, satisfaction with life (sum variable = life balance), self-rated health, and feeling of empowerment to face the changes related to permafrost thaw. The study sample was collected from one community using a questionnaire (n = 53) and analyzed by cross-tabulation. Results indicated that most participants had at least good well-being, quality of life, satisfaction with life, and a medium level of health, and over 40% assessed being empowered to face the changes related to permafrost thaw. Problems and challenges associated with permafrost thaw, e.g., health, traditional lifeways, and infrastructure, were recognized; these had impacts on life balance, feeling of empowerment, and self-rated health. Traditional knowledge regarding adaptation to face changes was seen as important. More adaptation actions from the individual to global level seemed to be needed. This study provides an overview of the situation in one area, but more research, with a larger study sample, should be conducted to achieve a deeper understanding of climate-related impacts on life and holistic well-being.[Timlin, Ulla; Nordstrom, Tanja; Rautio, Arja] Univ Oulu, Fac Med, POB 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland; [Ramage, Justine] Int Res Ctr Reg Dev & Planning, Nordregio, S-11149 Stockholm, Sweden; [Ramage, Justine] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-11418 Stockholm, Sweden; [Gartler, Susanna] Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; [Rautio, Arja] Univ Arctic, Thule Inst, POB 7300, Oulu 90014, FinlandUniversity of Oulu; Stockholm University; University of ViennaTimlin, U (corresponding author), Univ Oulu, Fac Med, POB 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland.ulla.timlin@oulu.fi; justine.ramage@nordregio.org; susanna.gartler@univie.ac.at; tanja.nordstrom@oulu.fi; arja.rautio@oulu.fiGartler, Susanna/0000-0002-7411-8701; Ramage, Justine/0000-0001-7481-6529; Timlin, Ulla/0000-0002-7840-4430European Union [773421]European Union(European Commission)This publication is part of the Nunataryuk project. The project has received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 773421.5911<180 Day Usage Count>12MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereMAY2022135
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050789http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1305078914Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences1Q1YGgold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008024914000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllSites near 14 communities located in the Taiga PlainsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7810
Sensitivity of seasonal air temperature and precipitation, and onset of snowmelt, to Arctic Dipole modes across the Taiga Plains, Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGYArctic Dipole anomaly; geopotential heights; high latitude; snowmelt; surface climate; teleconnectionSEA-ICE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; WESTERN CANADA; WILDLAND FIRE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TELECONNECTIONS; PATTERNS; TUNDRAPersaud, BD; Chasmer, LE; Quinton, WL; Wolfe, BB; English, MCPersaud, Bhaleka D.; Chasmer, Laura E.; Quinton, William L.; Wolfe, Brent B.; English, Michael C.EnglishNorthern high latitudes are experiencing some of the greatest increases in air temperatures on Earth. Air temperatures (along with other modulating variables including precipitation and the onset of snowmelt) are influenced by atmospheric-oceanic circulation patterns, some of which are persistent and recurrent. One pattern in particular, the Arctic Dipole (AD) anomaly, is a persistent sea-level pressure teleconnection pattern between the Canadian Archipelago and Barents Sea that has unknown impacts on local climate variability. These patterns may be important, especially in hydro-ecologically sensitive areas such as Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada where permafrost thaw and ecosystem changes are influenced by interannual climate variability. The goal of this research is to determine the impacts of the AD on local climate (air temperature, precipitation, snowmelt) for a 66-year period (1950-2015) spanning both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients across NWT from north to south and foothills to plains. Deviations during strong positive and negative modes of the AD index were calculated in reference to the complete 66-year record. Results showed considerable year-to-year variability in the AD pattern, with more frequent strong negative modes during the 2000s. During 1950-2015, there were 64 and 56 occurrences of strong positive and strong negative AD modes, respectively, across all seasons. Spring and summer strong AD modes led to local air temperature anomalies of greater than 0.8 degrees C compared with the long-term (66 years) mean. Earlier onset of snowmelt, by an average of 3-5 days, was also noted during positive AD modes. Despite strong connectivity between the AD and local air temperature, we found less correspondence between the AD and seasonal precipitation. These findings improve understanding of the impacts of the AD on local weather and climate in NWT and suggest implications for ecosystem change, such as drying and shrubification of northern boreal peatlands and possible connectivity to teleconnection impacts on wildland fire.[Persaud, Bhaleka D.; Quinton, William L.; Wolfe, Brent B.; English, Michael C.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura E.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of LethbridgePersaud, BD (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.pers3479@mylaurier.caArcticNet; Wilfrid Laurier University; Canada First Research Excellence FundArcticNet; Wilfrid Laurier University; Canada First Research Excellence FundArcticNet; Wilfrid Laurier University; Canada First Research Excellence Fund7700<180 Day Usage Count>35WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0899-84181097-0088INT J CLIMATOLInt. J. Climatol.DEC 302022421691829199
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7810http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.78102022-08-01 00:00:0018Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences8L9QK2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0008400728000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10554
Shelf-basin gradients shape ecological phytoplankton niches and community composition in the coastal Arctic Ocean (Beaufort Sea)
ArticleLIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHYEFFICIENT REGENERATED PRODUCTION; MICROZOOPLANKTON GRAZING IMPACT; SUBSURFACE CHLOROPHYLL MAXIMA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MACKENZIE RIVERArdyna, M; Babin, M; Devred, E; Forest, A; Gosselin, M; Raimbault, P; Tremblay, JEArdyna, M.; Babin, M.; Devred, E.; Forest, A.; Gosselin, M.; Raimbault, P.; Tremblay, J. -E.EnglishThe contiguous Arctic shelf is the green belt of the Arctic Ocean. Phytoplankton dynamics in this environment are driven by extreme physical gradients and by rapid climate change, which influence light and nutrient availability as well as the growth and ecological characteristics of phytoplankton. A large dataset collected across the Canadian Beaufort Shelf during summer 2009 was analyzed to assess how the interplay of physical and biogeochemical conditions dictates phytoplankton niches and trophic regimes. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis demonstrated marked partitioning of phytoplankton diversity. Elevated phytoplankton biomass (similar to 2.41 mu g Chl a L-1) was observed in association with the surface mixed layer near the coast, close to the mouth of the Mackenzie River, and at the shelf-break as a result of nutrient-rich Pacific water intrusions. The coastal communities were supported by high levels of nitrogen nutrients and were taxonomically uniform, with diatoms accounting for 95% of total cell numbers. By contrast, adjacent oceanic waters were characterized by low autotrophic biomass near the surface (similar to 0.09 mu g Chl a L-1) and below the mixed layer (similar to 0.23 mu g Chl a L-1) due to mainly nutrient limitation. However, the oceanic community was more diverse with a mixed assemblage of diatoms and small mixotrophs/heterotrophs near the surface and a predominance of autotrophic nanoflagellates at depth. We conclude that as climate change intensifies freshening and stratification in the Western Arctic Ocean, coastal hotspots of high autotrophic productivity may play an even greater role in supporting Arctic marine ecosystems while offshore environments become increasingly oligotrophic.[Ardyna, M.; Babin, M.; Devred, E.; Forest, A.; Tremblay, J. -E.] Univ Laval, Laval Univ Canada, CNRS France,UMI3376, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean,Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Ardyna, M.] UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, INSU CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [Gosselin, M.] Univ Quebec, Inst Sci Mer Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Raimbault, P.] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog MIO, CNRS INSU, UMR7294,UMR235, Marseille 09, FranceLaval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; University of Quebec; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille UniversiteArdyna, M (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Laval Univ Canada, CNRS France,UMI3376, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean,Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Ardyna, M (corresponding author), UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, INSU CNRS, Lab Oceanog VillMathieu.Ardyna@obs-vlfr.frGosselin, Michel/B-4477-2014; Ardyna, Mathieu/N-2027-2018Gosselin, Michel/0000-0002-1044-0793; Ardyna, Mathieu/0000-0002-4703-6655; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier; Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (CNRS); Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Universite Laval); Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Quebec-Ocean - Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies; ArcticNet; Quebec-OceanCanada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier; Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (CNRS); Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Universite Laval); Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Quebec-Ocean - Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies; ArcticNet; Quebec-OceanWe are especially indebted to Yves Gratton and Pascal Guillot for providing the physical data, Herve Claustre for HPLC data, Sylvie Lessard for phytoplankton and other protist identification, and Bernard Gentili for programing advises. We also thank particularly Maxime Benoit-Gagne, Eric Rehm, Thomas Lacour, Pierre Coupel, Anabelle Baya, and the whole Takuvik team for constructive comments on the manuscript. This manuscript was also greatly improved by the detailed and insightful comments of two anonymous reviewers. This is a contribution to the research programs of the CERC in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, ArcticNet, Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski and Quebec-Ocean. This project was supported by grants from the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier, the Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (CNRS and Universite Laval), the Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Quebec-Ocean funded by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies. M. A. received a postgraduate scholarship from the CERC Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier and stipends from ArcticNet and Quebec-Ocean.953334<180 Day Usage Count>084WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0024-35901939-5590LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.SEP201762521132132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.10554http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.1055420Limnology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyFG8ZB2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004107265000200 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaGwich'in Settlement Region, Peel RiverYIndigenous knowledge holderNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000617
Shifting Seasons and Threats to Harvest, Culture, and Self-Identity: A Personal Narrative on the Consequences of Changing Climate
ArticleGEOHEALTHCharlie, A; Proverbs, TA; Hodgson, EE; Hovel, RACharlie, A.; Proverbs, T. A.; Hodgson, E. E.; Hovel, R. A.EnglishNorthern Indigenous communities are experiencing rapid climate change and disrupted seasonal transitions. The Teet'it Gwich'in use a five-season calendar to measure the year, indicating the timing of seasonal events and associated cultural practices. From trapping in the spring, to fishing in the summer and fall, and hunting in the fall and winter, the Gwich'in have moved upon the land with the changing seasons. However, disrupted seasonal synchrony can disconnect cultural practices from suitable conditions, creating risks to self and culture. With warming temperatures, communities have observed slower river freeze-up in the fall and faster spring thaw, which has impacted the timing of when fishers can safely set their nets under river ice. Historically, freeze-up occurred in October, providing several weeks when fishers could set nets under ice while uk dagaii (broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus) traveled downriver. Today, freeze-up often begins in November, and fishing during the uk dagaii migration requires setting nets while the ice is thinner and the river is not completely frozen. This presents risks to individuals working to maintain a fundamental cultural practice. Here, Arlyn Charlie, a Teet'it Gwich'in artist whose career focuses on culture and language, uses personal narrative to explore impacts of climate change on Gwich'in culture. Arlyn notes how these changes are making the traditional seasonal calendar unreliable, and explores how changing patterns among animals and the landscape no longer provide consistent, safe harvesting conditions. With a growing risk of working on thin ice, ongoing cultural practices are threatened.[Charlie, A.] Gwichin Tribal Council Dept Culture & Heritage, Ft Mcpherson, NT, Canada; [Proverbs, T. A.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Hodgson, E. E.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cultus Lake Lab, Freshwater Ecosyst Sect, Cultus Lake, BC, Canada; [Hovel, R. A.] Univ Maine Farmington, Dept Biol, Farmington, CT 04938 USAUniversity of Victoria; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaHovel, RA (corresponding author), Univ Maine Farmington, Dept Biol, Farmington, CT 04938 USA.rachel.hovel@maine.eduNorthwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Rita Allen Foundation [NS-2111-02233]Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Rita Allen FoundationThe authors wish to thank all Gwich'in Elders, who have shared with us knowledge on fish, fishing, and the changing landscape, and who work to maintain fishing practices and time on the land. Mahsi' choo to Mary Effie Showshoe, Alice and Ernest Vittrekwa, Abraham Stewart, and Wally Tyrrell for sharing time at their camps. AC has learned to fish from Mary Effie Snowshoe, in particular. TP, EH, and RH wish to thank the communities of Teet'it Zheh, Aklavik, Tsiigehtchic, and Inuvik for welcoming us to the north. This work was supported by the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program. Funding to support open access publication of this work was provided by the Rita Allen Foundation under agreement NS-2111-02233.1900<180 Day Usage Count>00AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2471-1403GEOHEALTHGeoHealthDEC2022612
e2022GH000617
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000617http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GH0006177Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health8O5QV2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0009258909000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveFort Providence Wildfire Experimental SiteNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0354
Short- to medium-term effects of crown and surface fires on soil respiration in a Canadian boreal forest
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCHsoil autotrophic respiration; soil heterotrophic respiration; soil CO2 efflux; tree mortality; fire disturbanceORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WILDFIRE; BIOMASS; FLUXES; ASH; DYNAMICS; METHANERibeiro-Kumara, C; Santin, C; Doerr, SH; Pumpanen, J; Baxter, G; Koster, KRibeiro-Kumara, Caius; Santin, Cristina; Doerr, Stefan H.; Pumpanen, Jukka; Baxter, Greg; Koster, KajarEnglishFires are an important perturbation for the carbon (C) dynamics of boreal forests, especially when they are standreplacing. In North American boreal forests, crown fires are predominant and, therefore, the most studied. However, surface fires can also lead to major tree mortality with substantial implications for the C balance. Here, we assess the short- (hours to days) to medium-term (1-3 years) effects of the different fire types (surface vs. crown) on the postfire soil C effluxes in jack pine (Enos barilcsicina Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest stands in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We found that while trees were instantly killed by the four crown fires studied, trees also died within 1 year after two of three surface fires studied. Associated with this tree mortality, soil autotrophic respiration decreased after both fire types, although at different timings. The soil heterotrophic respiration was either lower or unchanged when measured 1-3 years after either fire type but was increased when measured immediately after a surface fire, possibly due to the interaction between ash generation and wetting performed to suppress the fire. Our results suggest that both fire types can thus substantially alter C fluxes in the short to medium term, both through changes in vegetation and the soil environment.[Ribeiro-Kumara, Caius; Koster, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Santin, Cristina] Univ Oviedo Principal Asturias, Spanish Natl Res Council, Res Inst Biodivers IMIB, Mieres, Spain; [Santin, Cristina] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Swansea, W Glam, Wales; [Doerr, Stefan H.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Swansea, W Glam, Wales; [Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Baxter, Greg] FPInnovat, Wildfire Operat Res, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Koster, Kajar] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, FinlandUniversity of Helsinki; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Swansea University; Swansea University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Eastern FinlandRibeiro-Kumara, C (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland.caius.ribeiro@helsinki.fiSantin, Cristina/B-3148-2015; Köster, Kajar/C-8397-2012Santin, Cristina/0000-0001-9901-2658; Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Ribeiro-Kumara, Caius/0000-0002-4801-4263Academy of Finland [294600, 307222, 327198]; Leverhulme Trust Research Grant [RPG-2014-095]; Ramon y Cajal research fellowship [RYC2018-025797-I]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [327198] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Leverhulme Trust Research Grant(Leverhulme Trust); Ramon y Cajal research fellowship(Spanish Government); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This research was supported by The Academy of Finland (project numbers 294600, 307222, and 327198) and Leverhulme Trust Research Grant (RPG-2014-095) . CS received funding from the Ramon y Cajal research fellowship (RYC2018-025797-I) .7100<180 Day Usage Count>58CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0045-50671208-6037CAN J FOREST RESCan. J. For. Res.APR2022524591604
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0354http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-035414ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Forestry0K6IFGreen Accepted2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007808919000150 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1049
Shrub tundra ecohydrology: rainfall interception is a major component of the water balance
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSecohydrology; shrub; climate change; rainfall interception; Arctic changeSTORAGE CAPACITY; PERMAFROST; EXPANSIONZwieback, S; Chang, QY; Marsh, P; Berg, AZwieback, Simon; Chang, Qianyu; Marsh, Philip; Berg, AaronEnglishAs shrubs expand across the Arctic, they alter all cycles in the Earth system, including the water cycle. However, the coupling of shrubs with the water cycle during summer remains poorly understood. Rainfall interception, a major cause of divergent hydrological responses between vegetated and non-vegetated environments, is particularly poorly constrained. We quantified shrub rainfall interception and redistribution in birch and alder in the Western Canadian Arctic using networks of throughfall and stemflow gauges. We find that rainfall interception losses are a major component of the water budget, as effective rainfall was reduced by 15%-30% in the birches. Underneath alders, effective rainfall was almost as large or larger than gross rainfall, but they also left a rain shadow. The spatial variability in throughfall was substantial underneath both shrub species. Stemflow was a small but non-negligible component, as the alders concentrated similar to 15% of rainfall to their few vertical stems, compared to the similar to 8% the birches funnelled along their numerous, predominantly skewed stems. The substantial small-scale variability in effective rainfall may create islands in which conditions for certain biogeochemical processes are particularly favourable. On larger scales, rainfall interception reduces the water yield and thus the runoff received by downstream ecosystems such as lakes. The interception losses are predicted to increase with shrub density in a way that also depends on climatic conditions, with large losses in many coastal environments. The extent to which shrub expansion leads to drier Arctic ecosystems is, however, unclear because of the complex interplay between many ecohydrological processes. Shrub rainfall interception is one major, previously overlooked piece of this puzzle.[Zwieback, Simon; Chang, Qianyu; Berg, Aaron] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Zwieback, Simon] Univ Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityZwieback, S (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.;Zwieback, S (corresponding author), Univ Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.zwieback@uoguelph.caBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Zwieback, Simon/0000-0002-1398-6046Canadian Space Agency; ArcticNet; NSERC (Discovery Grants Program; Changing Cold Regions Network); PCSP; Swiss National Science Foundation [P2EZP2_168789]Canadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency); ArcticNet; NSERC (Discovery Grants Program; Changing Cold Regions Network); PCSP; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF))The authors are grateful to Sandy McLaren for technical assistance, and to Philipp Bernhard and Branden Walker for assistance in the field. They acknowledge funding by the Canadian Space Agency, ArcticNet, NSERC (Discovery Grants Program; Changing Cold Regions Network), and PCSP. Simon Zwieback was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (P2EZP2_168789).421919<180 Day Usage Count>221IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAY2019145
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1049http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab104910Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHY0VXgold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004678326000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaAklavikYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0027
Social-ecological changes and implications for understanding the declining beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) harvest in Aklavik, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEArctic; climate change; Inuvialuit; Indigenous knowledge; subsistence. Arcticmi; sila-ungavausiqtuak; Inuvialuit; Nunaruaqqaaqtuat ilisimayuat; isumatuyut ikayuqtuat; avvakuyaa.CLIMATE-CHANGE; INUIT; ULUKHAKTOK; KNOWLEDGE; VULNERABILITY; ADAPTATION; COMMUNITY; TEKWorden, E; Pearce, T; Gruben, M; Ross, D; Kowana, C; Loseto, LWorden, Elizabeth; Pearce, Tristan; Gruben, Michelle; Ross, Dorothy; Kowana, Clarence; Loseto, LisaEnglishSubsistence is the basis for food access for Inuvialuit in the western Canadian Arctic and has strong economic, dietary, and cultural importance. Inuvialuit harvest beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) from the eastern Beaufort beluga population during summer months within parameters established through co-management. Over the past thirty years there has been a dramatic decline in the number of beluga harvested by Inuvialuit from the community of Aklavik, Northwest Territories. This paper investigates the potential drivers of change, both social and ecological, affecting the beluga harvest. Data were collected using 32 semi-directed interviews and experiential learning. Results revealed that ecological changes, notably coastal erosion at preferred whaling camps and unpredictable and severe weather have made harvesting more difficult, expensive, and often impractical. These changes are being experienced together with social changes including the loss of elders and their knowledge, and changing values and motivations for harvesting beluga. We conclude that no one driver is responsible for the decline in the beluga harvest, but rather it is the result of multiple social-ecological changes operating across scales that affect the feasibility of the harvest and motivation to participate.[Worden, Elizabeth] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, 535 Wallace Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Global & Int Studies, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada; [Gruben, Michelle; Ross, Dorothy; Kowana, Clarence] Aklavik Hunters & Trappers Comm, Aklavik, NT X0E 0A0, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; University of Northern British Columbia; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaWorden, E (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, 535 Wallace Bldg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.elizabeth.worden@umanitoba.caLoseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821XUniversity of Manitoba; ArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Scientific Training Program; Aurora Research InstituteUniversity of Manitoba; ArcticNet; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; Northern Scientific Training Program; Aurora Research InstituteA heartfelt thank you to every advisor, peer, family member, community member, Elder, and knowledge-holder who helped shape this research journey. To all of Aklavik, our deepest gratitude. Your generosity was overwhelming. Thank you for providing us with so many opportunities to laugh, for reminding us of the importance of humility and for sharing your stories. It was a true gift to learn from you and experience the beautiful land. Special thanks to Annie B. Gordon, Tumma Elanik, Nellie Arey, Annie and Danny C. Gordon, Sally Kasook, and Pat Elanik. Thank you to the University of Manitoba, ArcticNet, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, the Aurora Research Institute, and the Northern Scientific Training Program for providing funding to realize this research.4399<180 Day Usage Count>314CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP202063SI229246
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-0027http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2019-002718Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsNT0WOgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005726725000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Gwich'in Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00131-x
Social-Ecological Determinants of Access to Fish and Well-Being in Four Gwich'in Communities in Canada's Northwest Territories
ArticleHUMAN ECOLOGYWell-being indicators; Determinants of access; Fishing livelihoods; Social-ecological change; Climate change; Traditional knowledge; Knowledge transmission; Gwich'in; Northwest Territories; Canadian subarcticCLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD SECURITY; MENTAL-HEALTH; RIVER; KNOWLEDGE; LAND; DIET; PERSPECTIVES; ECOSYSTEMS; COUNTRYProverbs, TA; Lantz, TC; Lord, SI; Amos, A; Ban, NCProverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Lord, Sarah I.; Amos, Amy; Ban, Natalie C.Gwich'in Tribal Council DeptEnglishRiver systems globally are experiencing social-ecological changes that often impact Indigenous fishing practices, including climate change and resource developments. We explore the relationship between access to fish and well-being, and the determinants of access to fish amidst changing social-ecological conditions through interviews with 29 individuals across four Gwich'in First Nation communities in Canada's Northwest Territories. Our interviews show that socioeconomic and environmental barriers are making it harder to access fish and that this has negative implications for well-being. Despite these barriers, access to fish continues to make positive, diverse contributions to well-being in Gwich'in communities through socioeconomic factors such as sharing networks and adaptive practices that are often part of ecological monitoring and land-based education and facilitate access to fish. Increasing our understanding of the relationship between access to fish and well-being, and determinants of access to fish, can contribute to land-based programs, land-use planning, and decision-making in Gwich'in territory and other river systems.[Proverbs, Tracey A.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Ban, Natalie C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Lord, Sarah I.; Amos, Amy] Gwichin Renewable Resources Board, POB 2240, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Gwich'in Tribal Council Dept] POB 30, Ft Mcpherson, NT X0E 0J0, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.ca1141111<180 Day Usage Count>328SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERSNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA0300-78391572-9915HUM ECOLHum. Ecol.APR2020482155171
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00131-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-020-00131-xMAR 202017Anthropology; Environmental Studies; SociologySocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; SociologyLW3FD2023-03-08WOS:0005219026000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie uplands between Inuvik and TsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1712858
Soil conditions required for reaction wood formation of drunken trees in a continuous permafrost region
ArticleARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCHActive layer; earth hummock; frost heaving; gelisols; thermokarstEARTH HUMMOCKS; CLIMATE; THAWFujii, K; Yasue, K; Matsuura, Y; Osawa, AFujii, Kazumichi; Yasue, Koh; Matsuura, Yojiro; Osawa, AkiraEnglishBlack spruce trees lean to form drunken forest on degrading permafrost; however, the causes of tree leaning on continuous permafrost remain unclear. Leaning events are recorded by reaction wood formation in tree rings, and it remains unclear what soil conditions are required for reaction wood formation of drunken trees. Tree disk morphology and soil hummock properties were examined for fifty tree-mound combinations in Northwest Territories, Canada. Spruce trees growing on mound edges form reaction wood on the downslope sides of their trunks. Reaction wood formation in mature trees was greatest in stem tissues between ground level and 30 cm aboveground. Reaction wood formation occurred only in trees growing on mound edges. The extent of reaction wood formation was higher in trees growing in clayey soils than in trees on sandy soils. For trees growing on clayey mound edges, the extent of reaction wood formation decreased with increasing permafrost table depth. Black spruce tree rings formed between ground level and 30 cm aboveground could record movement of clayey soil hummocks over shallow, underlying permafrost tables. A combination of clayey soil texture and shallow permafrost table is likely required for development of hummocks and drunken forests on the continuous permafrost region studied.[Fujii, Kazumichi; Matsuura, Yojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Div Forest Soils, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan; [Yasue, Koh] Shinshu Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Ina, Saitama, Japan; [Osawa, Akira] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, JapanForestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Shinshu University; Kyoto UniversityFujii, K (corresponding author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Div Forest Soils, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan.fkazumichi@affrc.go.jpGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [17K15292]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K15292] Funding Source: KAKENGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))This work was financially supported by the Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project and by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grant (No. 17K15292).2755<180 Day Usage Count>16TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1523-04301938-4246ARCT ANTARCT ALP RESArct. Antarct. Alp. Res.JAN 120205214759
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.1712858http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2020.171285813Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyKM5IRgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005141709000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveBurned and unburned sample plots to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF17095
Soil organic layer combustion in boreal black spruce and jack pine stands of the Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIREadventitious roots; boreal forest; burn depth; fire severity; Picea mariana; Pinus banksiana; soil organic layer depth; Taiga plains; Taiga shieldBURN SEVERITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; CARBON EMISSIONS; TREE RECRUITMENT; INTERIOR ALASKA; PICEA-MARIANA; FOREST; PATTERNS; CONSUMPTIONWalker, XJ; Baltzer, JL; Cumming, SG; Day, NJ; Johnstone, JF; Rogers, BM; Solvik, K; Turetsky, MR; Mack, MCWalker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Solvik, Kylen; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Mack, Michelle C.EnglishIncreased fire frequency, extent and severity are expected to strongly affect the structure and function of boreal forest ecosystems. In this study, we examined 213 plots in boreal forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) or jack pine (Pinus banksiana) of the Northwest Territories, Canada, after an unprecedentedly large area burned in 2014. Large fire size is associated with high fire intensity and severity, which would manifest as areas with deep burning of the soil organic layer (SOL). Our primary objectives were to estimate burn depth in these fires and then to characterise landscapes vulnerable to deep burning throughout this region. Here we quantify burn depth in black spruce stands using the position of adventitious roots within the soil column, and in jack pine stands using measurements of burned and unburned SOL depths. Using these estimates, we then evaluate how burn depth and the proportion of SOL combusted varies among forest type, ecozone, plot-level moisture and stand density. Our results suggest that most of the SOL was combusted in jack pine stands regardless of plot moisture class, but that black spruce forests experience complete combustion of the SOL only in dry and moderately well-drained landscape positions. The models and calibrations we present in this study should allow future research to more accurately estimate burn depth in Canadian boreal forests.[Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Cumming, Steven G.] Laval Univ, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, 2405 Rue Terrasse, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Rogers, Brendan M.; Solvik, Kylen] Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaNorthern Arizona University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Laval University; University of Saskatchewan; Woods Hole Research Center; University of GuelphWalker, XJ (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.xanthe.walker@gmail.comWalker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019; Johnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Solvik, Kylen/0000-0001-6537-1791National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology RAPID [1542150]; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon [Mack-01]; NSERC Discovery Grant; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [170]; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership AgreementNational Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology RAPID(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon; NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership AgreementThis project was supported by funding awarded to M. C. Mack from National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology RAPID grant number 1542150, and from the NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant number Mack-01; NSERC Discovery Grant funding to J. F. Johnstone and M. R. Turetsky; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project number 170 to J. L. Baltzer; and Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program funding awarded to Canadian field assistants. We thank our laboratory members at Northern Arizona University for their input and feedback at various stages of this manuscript. We also extend our appreciation to the numerous field and laboratory assistants and graduate students from Northern Arizona University, Wilfrid Laurier University and University of Guelph. We are grateful for the support provided by the Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership Agreement for important logistical support and access to laboratory space.453737<180 Day Usage Count>330CSIRO PUBLISHINGCLAYTONUNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA1049-80011448-5516INT J WILDLAND FIREInt. J. Wildland Fire2018272125134
http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF17095http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF1709510ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryFX0NE2023-03-05WOS:0004257407000050 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150808
Sources of riverine mercury across the Mackenzie River Basin; inferences from a combined Hg\\C isotopes and optical properties approach
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMercury; Organic carbon; Stable; Radiocarbon; Fluorescence; Mackenzie RiverDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; AMS LABORATORY OTTAWA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MATTER; WATER; FRACTIONATION; FLUORESCENCE; FLUXES; ABSORBENCYCampeau, A; Eklof, K; Soerensen, AL; Akerblom, S; Yuan, SL; Hintelmann, H; Bieroza, M; Kohler, S; Zdanowicz, CCampeau, Audrey; Eklof, Karin; Soerensen, Anne L.; Akerblom, Staffan; Yuan, Shengliu; Hintelmann, Holger; Bieroza, Magdalena; Kohler, Stephan; Zdanowicz, ChristianEnglishThe Arctic environment harbors a complex mosaic of mercury (Hg) and carbon (C) reservoirs, some of which are rapidly destabilizing in response to climate warming. The sources of riverine Hg across the Mackenzie River basin (MRB) are uncertain, which leads to a poor understanding of potential future release. Measurements of dissolved and particulate mercury (DHg, PHg) and carbon (DOC, POC) concentration were performed, along with analyses of Hg stable isotope ratios (incl. Delta 199Hg, delta 202Hg), radiocarbon content (Delta 14C) and optical properties of DOC of river water. Isotopic ratios of Hg revealed a closer association to terrestrial Hg reservoirs for the particulate fraction, while the dissolved fraction was more closely associated with atmospheric deposition sources of shorter turnover time. There was a positive correlation between the Delta 14C-OC and riverine Hg concentration for both particulate and dissolved fractions, indicating that waters transporting older-OC (14C-depleted) also contained higher levels of Hg. In the dissolved fraction, older DOC was also associated with higher molecular weight, aromaticity and humic content, which are likely associated with higher Hg-binding potential. Riverine PHg concentration increased with turbidity and SO4 concentration. There were large contrasts in Hg concentration and OC age and quality among the mountain and lowland sectors of the MRB, which likely reflect the spatial distribution of various terrestrial Hg and OC reservoirs, including weathering of sulfate minerals, erosion and extraction of coal deposits, thawing permafrost, forest fires, peatlands, and forests. Results revealed major differences in the sources of particulate and dissolved riverine Hg, but nonetheless a common positive association with older[Campeau, Audrey; Zdanowicz, Christian] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden; [Eklof, Karin; Kohler, Stephan] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Soerensen, Anne L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, Stockholm, Sweden; [Akerblom, Staffan] Stat Sweden, Stat Centralbyran SCB, Stockholm, Sweden; [Yuan, Shengliu; Hintelmann, Holger] Trent Univ, Water Qual Ctr, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Bieroza, Magdalena] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil & Environm, Uppsala, Sweden; [Campeau, Audrey] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, SwedenUppsala University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Statistics Sweden; Trent University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesCampeau, A (corresponding author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden.;Campeau, A (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden.audrey.campeau@slu.seHintelmann, Holger/AEV-0466-2022Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X; Campeau, Audrey/0000-0002-9113-8915; Soerensen, Anne Laerke/0000-0002-8490-8600; Shengliu, Yuan/0000-0002-1512-5127FORMAS; Swedish government research council for sustainable development [2017-00660]; Western Arctic Research Center; [2019-01529]FORMAS(Swedish Research Council Formas); Swedish government research council for sustainable development; Western Arctic Research Center; This project was funded by FORMAS , the Swedish government research council for sustainable development (grant #2017-00660) , with additional support from (grant #2019-01529) . River sampling in the NWT was conducted under a Scientific Research License issued by the Aurora Research Institute, and with the guidance and/or assistance of community residents and organizations of the following First Nation (FN) groups, to whom we are greatly indebted: South Slave Region: Fort Resolution Metis Council and Deninu K'ue FN (Fort Resolution) , and Smith's Landing FN (Fort Smith) ; North Slave Region: North Slave Metis Alliance (Yellowknife) and Tcho Government (Behchoko) ; Deh Cho re-gion: Deh Gah Gotie FN (Fort Providence) , iidljj Kus FN (Fort Simpson) , and Sambaa K'e FN (Sambaa K'e River) ; Mackenzie Delta region: Gwich'in Tribal Council (Inuvik) and Tetlit Gwich'Renewal Resources Council (Fort McPherson) . In Inuvik , we also benefited from the support of the Western Arctic Research Center and its staff . Sampling on the Peace River in Wood Buffalo National Park , Alberta, was carried out un-der Park Canada research permit WB-2018-27981 and with kind per-mission from the Mikisew Cree First Nation. The Salt River FN also provided both guidance and access to the Peace River at Fort Fitzgerald. HendrickFalk and SteveKokelj (NWT Geological Survey) and Bruce Stu-art (Taiga Environmental Laboratory) gave valuable advice or support in planning the field and lab work. Torbjorn Johannes Erikson and Emman-uel Queyla provided valuable assistance in the field. Claudia Cascone gave valuable guidance during analyses of optical properties (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) . Analytical services in Ottawa were provided by Paul Middlestead, Wendi Abdi, and Patricia Wickham at the Jan Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory, and by Carolyn Dziawa, Christabel Jean, Sarah Murseli, and Dr. Xiao-Lei Zhao at the A.E. Lalonde AMS Laboratory.8966<180 Day Usage Count>1238ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.FEB 120228064
150808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150808http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.1508082021-11-01 00:00:0012Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyYI8OA34637879hybrid, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007441010000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveYellowknife, sites north of Great Slave LakeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2085
Spatial and stratigraphic variation of near-surface ground ice in discontinuous permafrost of the taiga shield
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESblack spruce; Great Slave lowlands; near-surface ground ice; transition zone; white birch; white spruce; YellowknifeWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; GREAT SLAVE LOWLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL STATE; LAYER; THERMOKARST; LITHALSA; FIRE; DEGRADATIONPaul, JR; Kokelj, SV; Baltzer, JLPaul, Jason R.; Kokelj, Steven V.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishThe acceleration of permafrost thaw due to warming, wetting, and disturbance is altering circumpolar landscapes. The effect of thaw is largely determined by ground ice content in near-surface permafrost, making the characterization and prediction of ground ice content critical. Here we evaluate the spatial and stratigraphic variation of near-surface ground ice characteristics in the dominant forest types in the North Slave region near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Physical variation in the permafrost was assessed through cryostructure, soil properties, and volumetric ice content, and relationships between these parameters were determined. Near-surface ground ice characteristics were contrasted between forest types. In black spruce forests the top of the permafrost was ice-rich and characterized by lenticular and ataxitic cryostructures, indicating the presence of an intermediate layer. Most white spruce/birch forests showed similar patterns; however, an increase in the active layer thickness and permafrost thaw at some sites have eradicated the transition zone, and the large ice lenses encountered at depth reflect segregated ground ice developed during initial downward aggradation of permafrost. Our findings indicate that white spruce/birch terrain will be less sensitive than black spruce forests to near-surface permafrost thaw. However, if permafrost thaws completely, white spruce/birch terrain will probably be transformed into wetland-thaw lake complexes due to high ground ice content at depth.[Paul, Jason R.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaWilfrid Laurier UniversityPaul, JR (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.jpaul@wlu.caPaul, Jason/0000-0003-1143-558X; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; NSERC Discovery Grant; Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northwest Territories Geological Survey; Northern Scientific Training ProgramFunding was provided by NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network (J.L.B.), NSERC Discovery Grant (J.L.B.), Northwest Territories Geological Survey, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. We gratefully acknowledge logistical support from the GNWT-WLU Partnership Agreement, the Northwest Territories Geological Survey, and Taiga Environmental Laboratory. Steve Wolfe and Peter Morse, Geological Survey of Canada, provided helpful discussions on ground ice conditions. Pierre Berube and Melissa Dergousoff assisted with fieldwork. Thoughtful comments by an anonymous reviewer are gratefully acknowledged as are those provided by Dr. Mikhail Kanevskiy, which improved the clarity and terminological integrity of the manuscript. This is NWT Geological Survey contribution #0123.7555<180 Day Usage Count>023WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN2021321318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2085http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2085SEP 202016Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyQD8RA2023-03-05WOS:0005657940000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14815
Spatial and temporal variation in forest transpiration across a forested boreal peatland complex
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESevapotranspiration; boreal forest; permafrost; sap flow; soil moisture; transpiration; wetlandVAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; SAP FLOW MEASUREMENTS; SPRUCE PICEA-MARIANA; BLACK SPRUCE; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; CANOPY TRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEASONAL THAW; WATER-BALANCEPerron, N; Baltzer, JL; Sonnentag, OPerron, Nia; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishTranspiration is a globally important component of evapotranspiration. Careful upscaling of transpiration from point measurements is thus crucial for quantifying water and energy fluxes. In spatially heterogeneous landscapes common across the boreal biome, upscaled transpiration estimates are difficult to determine due to variation in local environmental conditions (e.g., basal area, soil moisture, permafrost). Here, we sought to determine stand-level attributes that influence transpiration scalars for a forested boreal peatland complex consisting of sparsely treed wetlands and densely treed permafrost plateaus as land cover types. The objectives were to quantify spatial and temporal variability in stand-level transpiration, and to identify sources of uncertainty when scaling point measurements to the stand-level. Using heat ratio method sap flow sensors, we determined sap velocity for black spruce and tamarack for 2-week periods during peak growing season in 2013, 2017 and 2018. We found greater basal area, drier soils, and the presence of permafrost increased daily sap velocity in individual trees, suggesting that local environmental conditions are important in dictating sap velocity. When sap velocity was scaled to stand-level transpiration using gridded 20 x 20 m resolution data across the similar to 10 ha Scotty Creek ForestGEO plot, we observed significant differences in daily plot transpiration among years (0.17-0.30 mm), and across land cover types. Daily transpiration was lowest in grid-cells with sparsely treed wetlands compared to grid-cells with well-drained and densely treed permafrost plateaus, where daily transpiration reached 0.80 mm, or 30% of the daily evapotranspiration. When transpiration scalars (i.e., sap velocity) were not specific to the different land cover types (i.e., permafrost plateaus and wetlands), scaled stand-level transpiration was overestimated by 42%. To quantify the relative contribution of tree transpiration to ecosystem evapotranspiration, we recommend that sampling designs stratify across local environmental conditions to accurately represent variation associated with land cover types, especially with different hydrological functioning as encountered in rapidly thawing boreal peatland complexes.[Perron, Nia; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Perron, Nia; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud foret, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityBaltzer, JL (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada.jbaltzer@wlu.caBaltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; Perron, Nia/0000-0002-0687-3262Government of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University partnership; Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs; Centre d'etude nordique; Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies; Global WaterFutures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Smithsonian Forest Global Earth Observatory; U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management ProjectGovernment of the Northwest Territories-Wilfrid Laurier University partnership; Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Centre d'etude nordique; Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies; Global WaterFutures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation(Ministry of Research and Innovation, Ontario); Smithsonian Forest Global Earth Observatory; U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management ProjectCanada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs; Centre d'etude nordique; Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies; Global WaterFutures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation; Smithsonian Forest Global Earth Observatory; U.S. Dept of Energy Lawrence Berkeley Lab Ameriflux Network Management Project9300<180 Day Usage Count>33WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.FEB2023372
e14815
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14815http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1481516Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water Resources8M1RW2023-03-05WOS:0009242515000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158674
Spatial and temporal variations in riverine mercury in the Mackenzie River Basin, Canada, from community-based water quality monitoring data
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMercury; Arctic; Rivers; Canada; Permafrost; Climate changeARCTIC-OCEAN; EXPORT; FLUXESAkerblom, S; Zdanowicz, C; Campeau, A; Soerensen, AL; Hewitt, JAkerblom, Staffan; Zdanowicz, Christian; Campeau, Audrey; Soerensen, Anne L.; Hewitt, JackEnglishArctic rivers deliver similar to 40 t yr(-1) of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean, similar to 6% of which is from the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB), a region warming at similar to 3 times the mean hemispheric rate. How this will affect Hg transfer to ecosystems of the Beaufort Sea is a worrying issue. To help address this question, we analyzed >500 measurements of Hg and other water properties from 22 rivers collected in 2012-2018 by communities of the MRB. This new dataset provides a more comprehensive view of riverine Hg variations across the basin than was previously available. We find that rivers issued from mountains in the western MRB contribute the largest share of Hg in the Mackenzie River, 60-95 % of it being carried as fine suspended solids and probably sourced from riverbank erosion and thaw slumps. In contrast, lowland rivers of the central and eastern MRB contribute larger shares of dissolved Hg (up to 78 %), likely from recent atmospheric deposition through precipitation. Using load modelling constrained by the new water quality dataset, we estimate that the three largest western tributaries (Liard, Peel and Arctic Red rivers) of the Mackenzie contribute 60 % of the annual MRB THg export and DHg export to the Beaufort Sea during freshet, as well as 51 % of DHg export, while supplying 60% of freshet discharge. Load modelling also reveals a sustained decline in DHg loads of similar to 13 kg yr(-1) between 2001 and 2016 in the lower Mackenzie River, which likely reflect a decreasing trend in atmospheric Hg deposition over most of northwestern Canada during this period. This study highlights the value of community-based water quality monitoring in helping to support assessments of riverine Hg in the MRB in support of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.[Akerblom, Staffan] Stat Sweden, Stat Cent Byran SCB, Stockholm, Sweden; [Zdanowicz, Christian; Campeau, Audrey; Hewitt, Jack] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, Sweden; [Campeau, Audrey] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Soerensen, Anne L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, Stockholm, SwedenStatistics Sweden; Uppsala University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryAkerblom, S (corresponding author), Stat Sweden, Stat Cent Byran SCB, Stockholm, Sweden.Staffan.Akerblom@scb.seCampeau, Audrey/0000-0002-9113-8915Swedish government research council for sustainable development (FORMAS); [2017-00660]Swedish government research council for sustainable development (FORMAS)(Swedish Research Council Formas); This project was supported by grants 2017-00660 from the Swedish government research council for sustainable development (FORMAS).5600<180 Day Usage Count>1515ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 202022853
158674
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158674http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.15867412Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology4Y0ED360962252023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008612068000040 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlands, Anderson Plain, Inuvik, TuktoyaktukNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1880
Spatio-Temporal Variation in High-Centre Polygons and Ice-Wedge Melt Ponds, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESpolygonal terrain; thermokarst; remote sensing; air photos; peatlands; ice wedgeWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; MACKENZIE DELTA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATE-QUATERNARY; FOREST-TUNDRA; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION; DRAINAGESteedman, AE; Lantz, TC; Kokelj, SVSteedman, Audrey E.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Kokelj, Steven V.EnglishHigh-centred polygonal terrain is a widespread feature of Arctic landscapes that is sensitive to increasing ground temperatures because of its high ground-ice content. Understanding spatial variation in the distribution and sensitivity of high-centred polygonal terrain is important for predicting landscape change. In the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Northwest Territories, Canada, mean annual ground temperatures in permafrost have increased between 1 and 2 degrees C over the last 40 years and high-centred polygonal terrain comprises about 10 per cent of the terrestrial landscape. To investigate factors affecting the distribution and potential degradation of ice wedges, we mapped high-centred polygonal terrain and ice-wedge melt ponds, and documented ice wedge related thermokarst at anthropogenic disturbances using 2004 aerial photographs. Historical melt pond distribution was assessed using 1972 aerial photographs. The density of polygonal terrain (up to 37%) was significantly higher in the northern than the southern part of the study area, where more abundant lacustrine sediments and lower ground temperatures have favoured ice-wedge development. Larger proportional melt pond area (0.68%), increases in pond area (up to 3.74%) and a higher frequency of major thermokarst activity following anthropogenic surface disturbance (54%) suggest that high-centred polygonal terrain in the northern part of the study area is more susceptible to degradation than in the southern part. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[Steedman, Audrey E.; Lantz, Trevor C.; Kokelj, Steven V.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W2Y2, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] NWT Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaLantz, TC (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, POB 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W2Y2, Canada.tlantz@uvic.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; W. Garfield Weston FoundationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; W. Garfield Weston FoundationFunding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. The authors would like to thank Kaylah Lewis, Steven Reicheld, Trevor Bennett, Chloe Faught, and Nathaniel Gosman for their assistance with mapping and Dr. Mikhail Kanevskiy and two anonymous reviewers whose feedback significantly improved this manuscript.443232<180 Day Usage Count>137WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN-MAR20172816678
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1880http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.188013Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyEL2DI2023-03-08WOS:0003944299000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-018-0014-y
Springtime in the Delta: the Socio-Cultural Importance of Muskrats to Gwich'in and Inuvialuit Trappers through Periods of Ecological and Socioeconomic Change
ArticleHUMAN ECOLOGYCanadian Arctic; Ondatra zibethicus; Muskrat harvesting; Indigenous peoples; Gwich'in; Inuvialuit; Cultural keystone; Subarctic; Traditional ecological knowledge; Health; WellbeingNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOOD; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; RESOURCES; KNOWLEDGE; IMPACTS; CANADA; REGIONTurner, CK; Lantz, TCTurner, C. K.; Lantz, T. C.Gwich'in Tribal Council Dept CultuEnglishGlobal socioeconomic and ecological changes strongly impact Indigenous communities by affecting food security, physical health, and overall wellbeing. Throughout the 1900s, residents of the Mackenzie Delta in Canada's western Arctic relied heavily on the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) for food, fur, and culture, but recent changes to ecological and economic conditions have altered the nature of this relationship. We investigated the role of muskrats in the cultural traditions and land-based livelihoods of the Gwich'in and Inuvialuit residents of the Mackenzie Delta through interviews and meetings with over 70 community members. Although the role of muskrats has changed over the last 100 years, muskrat harvesting continues to offer Delta residents a meaningful way to remain engaged in, perpetuate, and strengthen their cultural identity and land-based traditions among generations, and ultimately, to foster individual and community wellbeing.[Turner, C. K.; Lantz, T. C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, David Turpin Bldg,B Wing,B243 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Gwich'in Tribal Council Dept Cultu] POB 30, Ft Mcpherson, NT, CanadaUniversity of VictoriaTurner, CK (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, David Turpin Bldg,B Wing,B243 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, Canada.chandakturner@gmail.comLantz, Trevor/0000-0001-5643-1537W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund; Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program; Aurora Research InstituteW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund; Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program; Aurora Research InstituteFunding support was provided by the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, The Canada Foundation for Innovation, Gwich'in Renewable Resources Board Wildlife Studies Fund, Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Studies Training Program and Aurora Research Institute.6566<180 Day Usage Count>425SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERSNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA0300-78391572-9915HUM ECOLHum. Ecol.AUG2018464601611
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-018-0014-yhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-018-0014-y11Anthropology; Environmental Studies; SociologySocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; SociologyGR6CI2023-03-08WOS:0004427323000130 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0032
Stoichiometric homeostasis: a test to predict tundra vascular plant species and community-level responses to climate change
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEArctic tundra; nitrogen; phosphorus; species dominance; spatial stabilityECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; GROWTH FORM; ECOSYSTEM; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; BIODIVERSITY; STABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; DOMINANCEGu, Q; Zamin, TJ; Grogan, PGu, Qian; Zamin, Tara J.; Grogan, PaulEnglishClimate change is having profound influences on Arctic tundra plant composition, community dynamics, and ecosystem processes. Stoichiometric homeostasis (H), the degree to which a plant maintains its internal nutrient concentrations independent of nutrient variations in its environment, may be a useful approach to predict the impacts of these influences. In this case study, we used fertilization manipulation data to calculate homeostasis indices based on nitrogen (HN), phosphorus (HP), and nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (H-N:P) of aboveground tissues for seven common tundra vascular species belonging to three growth forms. We then analyzed species H relationships with dominance, spatial stability, and responsiveness to various experimental manipulations. Each of the H indices was correlated amongst tissue types within each species and was generally highest in ericoid mycorrhizal host species and lowest in the ectomycorrhizal birch. Species HP and H-N:P were consistently positively correlated with aboveground biomass within the controls and across all manipulations. Furthermore, these same species were spatially stable across experimentally warmed field plots. Stoichiometric homeostasis theory has been successful in predicting grassland community dynamics. This first test of its applicability across a variety of Arctic plant growth forms highlights its considerable potential in predicting tundra plant community structure and responses to environmental change.[Gu, Qian; Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Zamin, Tara J.] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, AustraliaQueens University - Canada; Monash UniversityGu, Q (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.15qg1@queensu.caNSERC; Ontario Trillium foundation; Chinese Scholarship CouncilNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ontario Trillium foundation; Chinese Scholarship Council(China Scholarship Council)We thank Yvette Chirinian and Allison Rutter for laboratory assistance, our many volunteers for field and laboratory assistance, Mike Treberg, Robbie Hember, Peter Lafleur, and Greg Henry for support in establishing the experimental manipulations, Karin Clark and Steve Matthews (Government ot the Northwest Territories) and the Aurora Research Institute for logistics, and NSERC (T.J.Z and P.G.), the Ontario Trillium foundation (Q. G.), and the Chinese Scholarship Council (Q. G.) for financial support.371516<180 Day Usage Count>538CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN201732SI320333
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0032http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-003214Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsFN9YKGreen Accepted, gold2023-03-14WOS:0004163988000140 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05783-2
Strong geologic methane emissions from discontinuous terrestrial permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSCARBON; LAKES; FLUX; GAS; ATMOSPHERE; CH4; EXCHANGE; REGION; TUNDRA; MODELKohnert, K; Serafimovich, A; Metzger, S; Hartmann, J; Sachs, TKohnert, Katrin; Serafimovich, Andrei; Metzger, Stefan; Hartmann, Joerg; Sachs, TorstenEnglishArctic permafrost caps vast amounts of old, geologic methane (CH4) in subsurface reservoirs. Thawing permafrost opens pathways for this CH4 to migrate to the surface. However, the occurrence of geologic emissions and their contribution to the CH4 budget in addition to recent, biogenic CH4 is uncertain. Here we present a high-resolution (100 m x 100 m) regional (10,000 km(2)) CH4 flux map of the Mackenzie Delta, Canada, based on airborne CH4 flux data from July 2012 and 2013. We identify strong, likely geologic emissions solely where the permafrost is discontinuous. These peaks are 13 times larger than typical biogenic emissions. Whereas microbial CH4 production largely depends on recent air and soil temperature, geologic CH4 was produced over millions of years and can be released year-round provided open pathways exist. Therefore, even though they only occur on about 1% of the area, geologic hotspots contribute 17% to the annual CH4 emission estimate of our study area. We suggest that this share may increase if ongoing permafrost thaw opens new pathways. We conclude that, due to permafrost thaw, hydrocarbon-rich areas, prevalent in the Arctic, may see increased emission of geologic CH4 in the future, in addition to enhanced microbial CH4 production.[Kohnert, Katrin; Serafimovich, Andrei; Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Metzger, Stefan] Natl Ecol Observ Network, 1685 38th St, Boulder, CO 80301 USA; [Metzger, Stefan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 1225 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Hartmann, Joerg] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, AWI, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine ResearchKohnert, K (corresponding author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.katrin.kohnert@gfz-potsdam.deSachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group grant [VH-NG-821]; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [EF-1029808]Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group grant; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))The reanalysis data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This work was supported by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group grant to T.S. (grant VH-NG-821) and is a contribution to the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change). The National Ecological Observatory Network is a project solely sponsored by the National Science Foundation and managed under cooperative agreement by NEON, Inc. S.M.' s contribution is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Service Agreement EF-1029808. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.444141<180 Day Usage Count>023NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepJUL 1920177
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05783-2http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05783-26Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsFB1HK28725016Green Published, gold2023-03-13WOS:0004058942000460 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaLower Mackenzie Plain, TsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006445
Surface Water Dynamics and Rapid Lake Drainage in the Western Canadian Subarctic (1985-2020)
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESthermokarst; lakes; boreal; wildfire; climate change; remote sensing; LandsatOLD CROW FLATS; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THERMOKARST LAKES; COASTAL-PLAIN; VEGETATION; THRESHOLD; PENINSULA; BALANCE; ALASKATravers-Smith, HZ; Lantz, TC; Fraser, RHTravers-Smith, H. Z.; Lantz, T. C.; Fraser, R. H.EnglishThe area and distribution of surface water are shifting rapidly in many regions across the circumpolar Arctic. In this study, we explore the effects of climate and terrain factors on the area of lakes in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We used the Landsat satellite archive to map interannual changes in 5,328 lakes and ponds in the Lower Mackenzie Plain between 1985 and 2020. The high temporal resolution of our dataset allowed us to classify gradual and abrupt changes in the lake area and identify rapid drainage events. We used Generalized Additive Models and Random Forests to test the effects of climate and terrain factors on changes in the lake area. Despite increases in the area of smaller lakes driven by increasing precipitation, we found that the total lake area has decreased by approximately 1%. Overall, 29% of lakes exhibited an increasing trend in the area, while 11% exhibited a decreasing trend, and the majority of these changes (65%) were non-linear in nature. Lakes located in fire scars were also 3.8 times more likely to show a decreasing trend in area. Analysis of a large fire indicates that lakes within the burned region exhibited declines in an area that persisted until the end of the study period 20 years after the fire. These declines are likely related to the impact of fire on thaw depth, groundwater connectivity, and the development of new drainage pathways. Our results highlight the importance of rapid drainage and wildfire as drivers of declines in the lake area.[Travers-Smith, H. Z.; Lantz, T. C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Stud, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Fraser, R. H.] Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Nat Resources, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Travers-Smith, HZ (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Stud, Victoria, BC, Canada.hztraver@uvic.caTravers-Smith, Hana/0000-0002-9338-0633ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada [06,210-2018]; Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; University of Victoria; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf ProjectArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Graduate Scholarship Award; University of Victoria; Garfield Weston Foundation; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada)This research was funded by ArcticNet and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada through a Discovery Grant (06,210-2018) to Trevor Lantz and a Canada Graduate Scholarship Award to Hana Travers-Smith. We also acknowledge funds and support from the University of Victoria, the Garfield Weston Foundation, the Northern Science Training Program, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project.7533<180 Day Usage Count>811AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.DEC202112612
e2021JG006445
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006445http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG00644513Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyXU7XD2023-03-08WOS:0007344721000110 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1905
Talik Formation at a Snow Fence in Continuous Permafrost, Western Arctic Canada
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESsnow fence; permafrost; thermal regime; thermokarstNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; GROUND TEMPERATURES; DEGRADATION; UPLAND; INUVIK; COVER; ICE; NWTO'Neill, HB; Burn, CRO'Neill, H. B.; Burn, C. R.EnglishThe long-term ground thermal effects of a snow fence were examined in continuous permafrost on Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories. As the fence was erected in the early 1980s, present-day ground thermal conditions include the response to over 30 years of snow pack modification. Snow cover, ground temperatures, late-summer thaw depth and moisture content are higher at the fence than in ground nearby. The terrain surface around the fence has subsided about 0.5 m due to the disturbance. Field measurements indicate that a talik has developed below the fence. Numerical simulation of the ground thermal regime beneath the snow drift suggests that the talik began to form 25 years after the fence was constructed, and that thaw depth in late summer is now about 3 m. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.[O'Neill, H. B.; Burn, C. R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, B349 Loeb Bldg,1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaCarleton UniversityO'Neill, HB (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, B349 Loeb Bldg,1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.brendan.oneill@carleton.caO'Neill, Brendan/0000-0002-5290-3389Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NWT Geological Survey; Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Aurora Research InstituteNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NWT Geological Survey; Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council; Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Aurora Research InstituteThis research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the NWT Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program, the NWT Geological Survey, the Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council, the Northern Scientific Training Program of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, the W. Garfield Weston Foundation and the Aurora Research Institute. The research is a contribution from the NSERC Frontiers Arctic Development and Adaptation to Permafrost in Transition programme and Transport Canada's Network of Expertise in Northern Transportation Infrastructure Research. We are grateful for field assistance from Abe Snowshoe, Steven Tetlichi, Christine Firth, Jeff Moore, Emily Cameron, Krista Chin and Blair Kennedy. The research was conducted with the kind permission of G. Jagpal, Regional Superintendent, Department of Transportation, Government of Northwest Territories who also provided helpful feedback. Discussion with Pascale RoyLeveillee regarding numerical modelling was greatly appreciated. We thank the two anonymous reviews and the journal editors for their constructive feedback, which has improved the manuscript.241919<180 Day Usage Count>221WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL-SEP2017283558565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1905http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.19058Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGH7UC2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004336879000070 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024488
Taliks: A Tipping Point in Discontinuous Permafrost Degradation in Peatlands
ArticleWATER RESOURCES RESEARCHtalik; permafrost thaw; thermal modeling; freeze-thaw; discontinuous permafrost; peatlandACTIVE-LAYER; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; COLD REGIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; WATER-BALANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER; SCOTTY CREEK; HYDROLOGYDevoie, EG; Craig, JR; Connon, RF; Quinton, WLDevoie, Elise G.; Craig, James R.; Connon, Ryan F.; Quinton, William L.EnglishTaliks (perennially thawed soil in a permafrost environment) are generally found beneath water bodies or wetlands, and their development and evolution in other environments is poorly documented. Sustained isolated taliks between seasonally frozen surface soils and permafrost have been observed at the Scotty Creek Research Station in the discontinuous permafrost region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. These taliks have been expanding both vertically and laterally over the past decade of monitoring. The main controls on expansion are thought to be (1) the availability of energy, determined by incoming radiation and advective heat flux, (2) the ability to transfer this energy to the freezing/thawing front, determined by the thermal conductivity (soil properties and moisture content), and (3) the presence and thickness of the snowpack. These controls are investigated using data collected in the field to inform a 1-D coupled thermodynamic freeze-thaw and unsaturated flow model. The model was successfully used to represent observed thaw rates in different parts of the landscape. It is found that high soil moisture, deeper snowpacks, and warmer or faster advective flow rates all contribute to accelerated talik growth and subsequent permafrost degradation. Simulations show that slight perturbations of available energy or soil properties, such as an increase in average surface temperature of 0.5 degrees C or a 1-cm change in snow water equivalent, can lead to talik formation, highlighting the vulnerability of this landscape to changes in climate or land cover.[Devoie, Elise G.; Craig, James R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Connon, Ryan F.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityDevoie, EG (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada.egdevoie@uwaterloo.caCraig, James R/D-5753-2011Craig, James R/0000-0003-2715-7166; Devoie, Elise/0000-0003-1752-8437Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Government of the Northwest Territories; Cold Regions Research Centre; NSERC CRD; Polar Knowledge Canada; NSERC; Northern Scientific Training Program; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityLiidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First Nation; Government of the Northwest Territories; Cold Regions Research Centre; NSERC CRD(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWe greatly appreciate the support from Gabriel Hould Gosselin, John Coughlin, and Dirk J. Friesen in data collection and fieldwork, as well as Kristine Haynes in data processing. We wish to thank the Liidlii Kue First Nation and the Jean Marie River First Nation for their continued support of the SCRS. We would also like to thank Wayne and Lynn MacKay for providing logistical support to the SCRS. We acknowledge the generous support of the Government of the Northwest Territories through their partnership agreement with Wilfrid Laurier University and of the Cold Regions Research Centre. This work is completed for the Consortium for Permafrost Ecosystems in Transition (CPET) project, funded by NSERC CRD and Polar Knowledge Canada. We also wish to thank NSERC and Northern Scientific Training Program for providing additional funding for this project. All data presented in this article can be found in the Wilfrid Laurier university Library archive (https://doi.org/10.5683/SP2/BTRLHO).693737<180 Day Usage Count>652AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0043-13971944-7973WATER RESOUR RESWater Resour. Res.NOV2019551198389857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024488http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR0244882019-11-01 00:00:0020Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water ResourcesMD4KF2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004983573000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00435-0
Tall Shrubs Mediate Abiotic Conditions and Plant Communities at the Taiga-Tundra Ecotone
ArticleECOSYSTEMSAlnus alnobetula; biogeography; community composition; ecotone; green alder; niche construction; shrub expansionARCTIC TUNDRA; ALNUS-VIRIDIS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; EXPANSION; SNOW; CLIMATE; HETEROGENEITY; RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMSWallace, CA; Baltzer, JLWallace, Cory A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishShrub expansion has occurred across much of the arctic tundra over the past century. Increasing dominance of woody vegetation is expected to have global influences on climate patterns and lead to local changes in hydrological function and nutrient cycling. Changing abiotic conditions associated with shrubs will likely alter the relative fitness of neighbouring plants resulting in distinct community composition. Here, we use an extensive set of paired abiotic and biotic data to investigate the capacity for Alnus alnobetula (green alder) patches to modify the habitat of the local plant community at the taiga-tundra ecotone of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Plots were established across topographic positions in ten alder patches and adjacent, alder-free tundra. Habitat corresponded to the strongest gradient of among-site variation in abiotic measures and plant community composition, indicating that alder patch growing conditions were distinct from those of alder-free tundra. Slope position was generally unimportant in determining environmental conditions. Alder patches changed the vertical structure of the understory by increasing the maximum height of birch. Tall shrubs also decreased the richness of tundra specialists, suggesting that these species face competitive pressures from shrub expansion at the southern edge of their ranges. Our findings demonstrate that tall shrub patches can substantially modify their local environment in taiga-tundra ecotone systems, altering available habitat and acting as niche constructors for the local plant community. These habitats will therefore be important to consider in regional predictions of hydrology, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity as shrubs continue to expand across the arctic.[Wallace, Cory A.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWallace, CA (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.corywallace6@gmail.comWallace, Cory/0000-0003-2648-9046Ontario Graduate Scholarships; NSERC PGS scholarship; Polar Knowledge Canada; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions NetworkOntario Graduate Scholarships(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); NSERC PGS scholarship(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada; ArcticNet; Northern Scientific Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions NetworkWe are grateful to K. Black, T. Giguere, J. Rabley, A. Sniderhan, and E. Way-Nee for their indispensable assistance in the field. We extend additional thanks to T. Lantz and P. Marsh for their thoughts on original study design and K. Black, N. Day, A. Sniderhan, J. Paul, and K. Standen for discussions regarding analysis and results. We also gratefully acknowledge the Wilfrid Laurier University-Government of the NWT Partnership Agreement and the logistical support of P. Marsh and the Trail Valley Creek Research Station team. CW was supported by Ontario Graduate Scholarships and an NSERC PGS scholarship. Funding for field research was provided by Polar Knowledge Canada, ArcticNet, Northern Scientific Training Program, Polar Continental Shelf Program, and the NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network. This study fell under Aurora Research Institute research licence number 16017.5899<180 Day Usage Count>220SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsJUN2020234828841
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00435-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00435-014EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyLS9YS2023-03-05WOS:0005367352000090 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes north of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106697
Temperature and fuel availability control fire size/severity in the boreal forest of central Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleQUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWSLarge wildfires; Charcoal; Pollen; Fire size; Lake sediments; Vegetation dynamics; Climate change; HoloceneGaboriau, DM; Remy, CC; Girardin, MP; Asselin, H; Hely, C; Bergeron, Y; Ali, AAGaboriau, Dorian M.; Remy, Cecile C.; Girardin, Martin P.; Asselin, Hugo; Hely, Christelle; Bergeron, Yves; Ali, Adam A.EnglishThe north-central Canadian boreal forest experienced increased occurrence of large and severe wildfires caused by unusually warm temperatures and drought events during the last decade. It is, however, difficult to assess the exceptional nature of this recent wildfire activity, as few long-term records are available in the area. We analyzed macroscopic sedimentary charcoal from four lakes and pollen grains from one of those lakes to reconstruct long-term fire regimes and vegetation histories in the boreal forest of central Northwest Territories. We used regional estimates of past temperature and hydrological changes to identify the climatic drivers of fire activity over the past 10,000 years. Fires were larger and more severe during warm periods (before ca. 5000 cal yrs. BP and during the last 500 years) and when the forest landscape was characterized by high fuel abundance, especially fire-prone spruce. In contrast, colder conditions combined with landscape opening (i.e., lower fuel abundance) during the Neoglacial (after ca. 5000 cal yrs. BP) were related with a decline in fire size and severity. Fire size and severity increased during the last five centuries, but remained within the Holocene range of variability. According to climatic projections, fire size and severity will likely continue to increase in central Northwest Territories in response to warmer conditions, but precipitation variability, combined with increased abundance of deciduous species or opening of the landscape, could limit fire risk in the future. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Asselin, Hugo] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Sch Indigenous Studies, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada; [Gaboriau, Dorian M.; Hely, Christelle; Ali, Adam A.] UMR 5554 CNRS IRD Univ Montpellier EPHE, Inst Sci Evolut, 2 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France; [Remy, Cecile C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Girardin, Martin P.; Asselin, Hugo; Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Forest Res, POB 8888,Stn Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Girardin, Martin P.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 Rue PEPS,POB 10380, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada; [Hely, Christelle] PSL Univ, Ecole Prat Hautes Etud, Paris, France; [Hely, Christelle; Bergeron, Yves; Ali, Adam A.] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Forest Res Inst, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; University of New Mexico; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite PSL; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE); University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-TemiscamingueGaboriau, DM (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Sch Indigenous Studies, 445 Blvd Univ, Rouyn Noranda, PQ J9X 5E4, Canada.dorian.gaboriau@uqat.caRemy, Cecile/0000-0003-1231-0498; Asselin, Hugo/0000-0002-9542-4994; Gaboriau, Dorian/0000-0002-1967-3710Polar Knowledge Canada [NST-1718-0014]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Forest Service; National Geography Society [EC-386R-18]; French University Institute (IUF)Polar Knowledge Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canadian Forest Service(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); National Geography Society; French University Institute (IUF)We thank Benoit Brossier, David Gervais, Julia Morarin, Laure Paradis and David Pretorius for their assistance in the field. We are also grateful to Christine Simard for her help in identifying charcoal fragments, Jordan Paillard for pollen counting and identification and Pierre J. H. Richard for suggestions on an earlier draft. This work was supported by Polar Knowledge Canada (Grant #NST-1718-0014), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Forest Service, the National Geography Society (Grant #EC-386R-18), and the French University Institute (IUF).1031010<180 Day Usage Count>428PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0277-3791QUATERNARY SCI REVQuat. Sci. Rev.DEC 152020250
106697
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106697http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.10669711Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyPA9IOGreen Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005959415000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, SahtuBanks Island, Peel Plateau, Tuktoyaktuk coastlands, Amundsen watersheds, Keele-Redstone watershedsNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3059-2021
Thaw-driven mass wasting couples slopes with downstream systems, and effects propagate through Arctic drainage networks
ArticleCRYOSPHERETUKTOYAKTUK COASTLANDS; PERMAFROST THAW; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEEL PLATEAU; GROUND ICE; SLUMPS; SEDIMENT; IMPACTSKokelj, SV; Kokoszka, J; Van der Sluijs, J; Rudy, ACA; Tunnicliffe, J; Shakil, S; Tank, SE; Zolkos, SKokelj, Steven, V; Kokoszka, Justin; van Der Sluijs, Jurjen; Rudy, Ashley C. A.; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; Zolkos, ScottEnglishThe intensification of thaw-driven mass wasting is transforming glacially conditioned permafrost terrain, coupling slopes with aquatic systems, and triggering a cascade of downstream effects. Within the context of recent, rapidly evolving climate controls on the geomorphology of permafrost terrain, we (A) quantify three-dimensional retrogressive thaw slump enlargement and describe the processes and thresholds coupling slopes to downstream systems, (B) investigate catchment-scale patterns of slope thermokarst impacts and the geomorphic implications, and (C) map the propagation of effects through hydrological networks draining permafrost terrain of northwestern Canada. Power-law relationships between retrogressive thaw slump area and volume (R-2 = 0.90), as well as the thickness of permafrost thawed (R-2 = 0.63), combined with the multi-decadal (1986-2018) increase in the areal extent of thaw slump disturbance, show a 2 order of magnitude increase in catchment-scale geomorphic activity and the coupling of slope and hydrological systems. Predominant effects are to first- and second-order streams where sediment delivery, often indicated by formation of recent debris tongue deposits, commonly exceeds the transport capacity of headwater streams by orders of magnitude, signaling centennial- to millennial-scale perturbation of downstream systems. Assessment of hydrological networks indicates that thaw-driven mass wasting directly affects over 5538 km of stream segments, 889 km of coastline, and 1379 lakes in the 994 860 km(2) study area. Downstream propagation of slope thermokarst indicates a potential increase in the number of affected lakes by at least a factor of 4 (n > 5692) and impacted stream length by a factor of 8 (> 44343 km), and it defines several major impact zones on lakes, deltas, and coastal areas. Prince of Wales Strait is the receiving marine environment for greatly increased sediment and geochemical fluxes from numerous slump-impacted hydrological networks draining Banks Island and Victoria Island. The Peel and Mackenzie rivers are globally significant conveyors of the slope thermokarst cascade, delivering effects to North America's largest Arctic delta and the Beaufort Sea. Climate-driven erosion of ice-rich slopes in permafrost-preserved glaciated terrain has triggered a time-transient cascade of downstream effects that signal the rejuvenation of post-glacial landscape evolution. Glacial legacy, ground-ice conditions, and continental drainage patterns dictate that terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine environments of western Arctic Canada will be an interconnected hotspot of thaw-driven change through the coming millennia.[Kokelj, Steven, V; Kokoszka, Justin; Rudy, Ashley C. A.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Kokoszka, Justin] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P8, Canada; [van Der Sluijs, Jurjen] Northwest Terr Ctr Geomat, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Tunnicliffe, Jon] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland, New Zealand; [Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; Zolkos, Scott] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USAWilfrid Laurier University; University of Auckland; University of AlbertaKokelj, SV (corresponding author), Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.steve_kokelj@gov.nt.ca; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012van der Sluijs, Jurjen/0000-0002-9244-1756; Shakil, Sarah/0000-0002-8877-4830; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada [430696]; Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories [164, 186]; Polar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada [313-18, 316-19, 318-20, 320-20, 631-15, 617-16, 617-17]Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories; Polar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources Canada)This research has been supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 430696, Suzanne E. Tank), the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Government of Northwest Territories (grant nos. 164 and 186, Steven V. Kokelj), and the Polar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada (projects 313-18, 316-19, 318-20, and 320-20 to Steven V. Kokelj and projects 631-15, 617-16, and 617-17 to Suzanne E. Tank).911516<180 Day Usage Count>316COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJUL 6202115730593081
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3059-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3059-202123Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyTF9DZGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-11WOS:0006710160000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2296
The hydrology of treed wetlands in thawing discontinuous permafrost regions
ArticleECOHYDROLOGYhydrology; permafrost thaw; land cover change; treed wetlandsDisher, BS; Connon, RF; Haynes, KM; Hopkinson, C; Quinton, WLDisher, Brenden S.; Connon, Ryan F.; Haynes, Kristine M.; Hopkinson, Christopher; Quinton, William L.EnglishIn peatland-dominated regions of discontinuous permafrost, widespread permafrost thaw has led to an expansion of treed wetlands on the landscape. Treed wetlands have greater topographic variation than the collapse scar wetlands from which they evolved, but their hydrological role in the landscape has not been identified. This study examines the development of treed wetlands, and characterises their physical, thermal and hydrological properties in relation to their adjacent peat plateaus and collapse scar wetlands. Electrical resistivity tomography was used to determine the geophysical characteristics of treed wetlands. Snow cover, soil moisture and temperature, as well as water level and storm response were monitored and compared in treed wetlands, plateaus and collapse scars. Treed wetlands were permafrost free, although unlike collapse scars they may contain multi-year ice bulbs. For treed wetlands, the late-winter snow water equivalent, average soil temperature and moisture, unsaturated layer thickness and duration of frozen ground were all intermediate between those of peat plateaus and collapse scars. Treed wetlands interact hydrologically with adjacent peat plateaus and collapse scars in one of two types of local flow sequences depending upon topographic position, which governs the potential role of treed wetlands as a thermal buffer if treed wetlands are situated between a collapse scar wetland and permafrost-cored peat plateau. As permafrost thaw reduces the cover of both peat plateaus and the collapse scar wetlands that develop from them, the development and expansion of treed wetlands appear to be transitioning plateau-wetland complexes into the permafrost-free black spruce forest.[Disher, Brenden S.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Serv, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Connon, Ryan F.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Haynes, Kristine M.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Hopkinson, Christopher] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of LethbridgeHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caNorthern Scientific Training Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNetNorthern Scientific Training Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNetNorthern Scientific Training Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet5477<180 Day Usage Count>425WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1936-05841936-0592ECOHYDROLOGYEcohydrologyJUL2021145
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2296http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.22962021-04-01 00:00:0015Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesTH8UX2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0006419993000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveControl Lake, Tundra Mine, Salmita Mine, northeast of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110189
The impact of cyclical, multi-decadal to centennial climate variability on arsenic sequestration in lacustrine sediments
ArticlePALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGYItrax-XRF; Wavelet analysis; Spectral analysis; Solar cycles; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Arctic OscillationNORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SOLAR-CYCLE SIGNALS; HIGH ARCTIC LAKE; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; VARVED SEDIMENTS; PACIFIC; FREQUENCY; TRENDSGregory, BRB; Patterson, RT; Galloway, JM; Reinhardt, EGGregory, B. R. B.; Patterson, R. T.; Galloway, J. M.; Reinhardt, E. G.EnglishExamining paleoclimate-driven changes of elemental contaminants, such as Arsenic (As), increases the understanding of the mobility and fate of elements under a warming climate scenario. To characterize the variability in As sequestration in the sediments of a freshwater system in response to decadal- to centennial-scale climate oscillations, a freeze-core (CON01) was recovered from Control Lake, Northwest Territories. Radiocarbon dating of 13 bulk-organic samples provided temporal reference to core depth. Sediment geochemistry was determined using Itrax X-ray fluorescence core-scanning (Itrax-XRF). Elemental concentrations were measured on a sub-set of samples using ICP-MS after multi-acid (MA) digestion to assess the accuracy of Itrax-XRF results through a multivariate log-ratio (MLC) calibration. Comparison of Itrax-XRF to ICP-MS using the MLC in ItraXelerate software show Pearson's R-2 values >0.75, with the exception of As (R-2 = 0.44). MLC-calibrated Itrax-XRF elemental data were centered log-ratio (CLR) transformed to eliminate issues related to data closure. During the ca. 3300-yr sedimentary record, moderate-strength negative correlations between As-CLR and K-CLR (Spearman's rho = -0.38, p-value < 0.001, n = 785), and As-CLR and Ti-CLR, (Spearman's rho = -0.52, p-value < 0.001, n = 785) suggest that As is primarily sequestered in sediments during intervals of warmer temperatures and higher productivity. Proxies for sediment particle size (Ti-CLR, K-CLR) and As concentration (As-CLR) were examined for response to quasi-periodic climate oscillations using spectral analysis. Significant periodicities were observed with approximately 4-13, 30-60, 90-120, and 160-280 yr periods in Ti-CLR, K-CLR, and As-CLR records. These frequencies are interpreted as corresponding to the North Atlantic Oscillation and/or 8-14-yr Schwabe sunspot cycles, 30-60-yr Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and centennial-scale solar cycles (e.g., 90-yr Gleissberg cycle; 205-yr Suess cycle). Coeval occurrence of these periodicities revealed through wavelet analysis of Control Lake geochemistry data suggests that these climate cycles only impact Control Lake when they occur concurrently.[Gregory, B. R. B.; Patterson, R. T.; Galloway, J. M.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gregory, B. R. B.; Patterson, R. T.; Galloway, J. M.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Galloway, J. M.] Geol Survey Canada, 3303 33rd St Nw, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada; [Reinhardt, E. G.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gregory, B. R. B.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, CanadaCarleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; McMaster University; University of OttawaGregory, BRB (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;Gregory, BRB (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.;Gregory, BRB (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada.braden.gregory@carleton.ca; tim.patterson@carleton.ca; jennifer.galloway@canada.ca; ereinhar@mcmaster.caPolar Knowledge Canada [1516-149]; Natural Resources Canada Clean Growth Program [CPG-17-0704]; NSERC Discovery grant [RGPIN-2018-05329]; Canadian Foundation of Innovation [2003785]; ArcticNet [51]; Geological Survey of Canada's Environmental Geoscience Program Metal Mining Project; Northern Baselines Activity; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research GrantPolar Knowledge Canada; Natural Resources Canada Clean Growth Program(Natural Resources Canada); NSERC Discovery grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Foundation of Innovation(Canada Foundation for Innovation); ArcticNet; Geological Survey of Canada's Environmental Geoscience Program Metal Mining Project; Northern Baselines Activity; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research GrantWe gratefully acknowledge funding for this research provided by a Polar Knowledge Canada grant to RTP and JMG (Grant #1516-149), Natural Resources Canada Clean Growth Program grant to RTP (Grant #CPG-17-0704), NSERC Discovery grant to RTP (Grant #RGPIN-2018-05329), Canadian Foundation of Innovation Infrastructure operating grant from EGR (Grant #2003785), ArcticNet (Project 51 to JMG), the Geological Survey of Canada's Environmental Geoscience Program Metal Mining Project (Michael Parsons), Northern Baselines Activity (JMG) and a Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant to BRBG. This manuscript represents NRCan contribution number/Numero de contribution de RNCan: 20200575. We thank Dr. Elizabeth Anderson-Patterson for helping to refine the paper for submission. Thank you to Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (Murray Somers and Joel Gowman) for access to the study site, and for substantial in-kind contributions that made collection of materials for research possible. Thank you to Michael Parsons (GSC Halifax), Clare Miller (University of Tasmania), Hendrik Falck (Northwest Territories Geological Survey), Andrew Macumber (Carleton University) and the staff of Delta Engineering and Nahanni Construction for their support during northern fieldwork.13833<180 Day Usage Count>010ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0031-01821872-616XPALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCLPaleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol.MAR 12021565
110189
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110189http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.1101892021-01-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; PaleontologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology; PaleontologyRI2SJ2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006367590000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research Station, Jean Marie River basinNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14363
The implications of permafrost thaw and land cover change on snow water equivalent accumulation, melt and runoff in discontinuous permafrost peatlands
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESland cover change; permafrost thaw; runoff; snow; snowmeltNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CLEAR-CUT; HYDROLOGY; CONNECTIVITY; RADIATION; FORESTS; WETLAND; HEAT; ZONEConnon, RF; Chasmer, L; Haughton, E; Helbig, M; Hopkinson, C; Sonnentag, O; Quinton, WLConnon, Ryan F.; Chasmer, Laura; Haughton, Emily; Helbig, Manuel; Hopkinson, Chris; Sonnentag, Oliver; Quinton, William L.EnglishIn the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, snow covers the ground surface for half the year. Snowmelt constitutes a primary source of moisture supply for the short growing season and strongly influences stream hydrographs. Permafrost thaw has changed the landscape by increasing the proportional coverage of permafrost-free wetlands at the expense of permafrost-cored peat plateau forests. The biophysical characteristics of each feature affect snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation and melt rates. In headwater streams in the southern Dehcho region of the NWT, snowmelt runoff has significantly increased over the past 50 years, despite no significant change in annual SWE. At the Fort Simpson A climate station, we found that SWE measurements made by Environment and Climate Change Canada using a Nipher precipitation gauge were more accurate than the Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Dataset which was derived from snow depth measurements. Here, we: (a) provide 13 years of snow survey data to demonstrate differences in end-of-season SWE between wetlands and plateau forests; (b) provide ablation stake and radiation measurements to document differences in snow melt patterns among wetlands, plateau forests, and upland forests; and (c) evaluate the potential impact of permafrost-thaw induced wetland expansion on SWE accumulation, melt, and runoff. We found that plateaus retain significantly (p < 0.01) more SWE than wetlands. However, the differences are too small (123 mm and 111 mm, respectively) to cause any substantial change in basin SWE. During the snowmelt period in 2015, wetlands were the first feature to become snow-free in mid-April, followed by plateau forests (7 days after wetlands) and upland forests (18 days after wetlands). A transition to a higher percentage cover of wetlands may lead to more rapid snowmelt and provide a more hydrologically-connected landscape, a plausible mechanism driving the observed increase in spring freshet runoff.[Connon, Ryan F.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura; Hopkinson, Chris] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Haughton, Emily; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Haughton, Emily] Hakai Inst, Campbell River, BC, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, CanadaUniversity of Lethbridge; Wilfrid Laurier University; Hakai Institute; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; Dalhousie UniversityConnon, RF (corresponding author), Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.ryan_connon@gov.nt.caArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Garfield Weston FoundationArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Garfield Weston FoundationArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Garfield Weston Foundation6844<180 Day Usage Count>324WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.SEP2021359
e14363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14363http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1436315Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesUX4CL2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0007007893000290 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004469
The Influence of Shallow Taliks on Permafrost Thaw and Active Layer Dynamics in Subarctic Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACEtalik; active layer; suprapermafrost layer; permafrost thaw; peatlandsNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEAT PLATEAU; HYDROLOGY; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; DEGRADATION; PEATLANDS; STORAGE; VALLEYConnon, R; Devoie, E; Hayashi, M; Veness, T; Quinton, WConnon, Ryan; Devoie, Elise; Hayashi, Masaki; Veness, Tyler; Quinton, WilliamEnglishMeasurements of active layer thickness (ALT) are typically taken at the end of summer, a time synonymous with maximum thaw depth. By definition, the active layer is the layer above permafrost that freezes and thaws annually. This study, conducted in peatlands of subarctic Canada, in the zone of thawing discontinuous permafrost, demonstrates that the entire thickness of ground atop permafrost does not always refreeze over winter. In these instances, a talik exists between the permafrost and active layer, and ALT must therefore be measured by the depth of refreeze at the end of winter. As talik thickness increases at the expense of the underlying permafrost, ALT is shown to simultaneously decrease. This suggests that the active layer has a maximum thickness that is controlled by the amount of energy lost from the ground to the atmosphere during winter. The taliks documented in this study are relatively thin (<2m) and exist on forested peat plateaus. The presence of taliks greatly affects the stability of the underlying permafrost. Vertical permafrost thaw was found to be significantly greater in areas with taliks (0.07myear(-1)) than without (0.01myear(-1)). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of areas with taliks increased between 2011 and 2015 from 20% to 48%, a phenomenon likely caused by an anomalously large ground heat flux input in 2012. Rapid talik development and accelerated permafrost thaw indicates that permafrost loss may exhibit a nonlinear response to warming temperatures. Documentation of refreeze depths and talik development is needed across the circumpolar north.[Connon, Ryan; Veness, Tyler; Quinton, William] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Devoie, Elise] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Hayashi, Masaki] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Waterloo; University of CalgaryConnon, R (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.rconnon@wlu.caHayashi, Masaki/E-2600-2012Hayashi, Masaki/0000-0003-4890-3113; Devoie, Elise/0000-0003-1752-8437W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Government of the Northwest Territories; Wilfrid Laurier University; Cold Regions Research CentreW. Garfield Weston Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP); Government of the Northwest Territories; Wilfrid Laurier University; Cold Regions Research CentreWe graciously thank two anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of this manuscript. We thank James Craig for many thoughtful discussions. We wish to thank the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, and the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP) for providing funding for this project. We also wish to thank the Dehcho First Nation, Liidlii Kue First Nation, and the Jean Marie River First Nation for their continued support of the SCRS. We would also like to thank Wayne and Lynn MacKay for providing logistical support to the SCRS. We also acknowledge the generous support of the Government of the Northwest Territories through their partnership agreement with Wilfrid Laurier University and of the Cold Regions Research Centre. The data used to generate tables and figures in this manuscript are available by accessing dx.doi.org/10.5683/SP/EMDB8K.726667<180 Day Usage Count>342AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-90032169-9011J GEOPHYS RES-EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.FEB20181232281297
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004469http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JF00446917Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyFZ0JE2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004272540000050 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2030628
The limnological response of Arctic deltaic lakes to alterations in flood regime
ArticleINLAND WATERSArctic lakes; carbon balance; climate change; hydrological connectivity; Mackenzie DeltaMACKENZIE DELTA; ICE BREAKUP; PERMAFROST DEGRADATION; WATER TRANSPARENCY; TERRESTRIAL CARBON; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; DIOXIDE; METHANE; THAWScott, RW; Sharma, S; Wang, XW; Quinlan, RScott, Ryan W.; Sharma, Sapna; Wang, Xiaowa; Quinlan, RobertoEnglishArctic freshwaters are being rapidly altered by global climate change with consequences to hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology, but in many cases the trajectory of these changes is poorly understood. We collected a unique 5-year time series of major ion, nutrient, and trace metal data from lakes in the Mackenzie Delta (NT, Canada) to examine limnological changes during a period of variable flood conditions, including years of recent historic high and low peak river levels. Previous work in the Mackenzie Delta has established that lake water chemistry is strongly related to connection time with the river during the period of spring ice-jam flooding or via channel connections through the growing season. We show that differences in peak spring water levels explain differences in lake chemistry in lakes isolated from the channel during the summer. Isolated, macrophyte-rich lakes in the Mackenzie Delta have been shown to be CO2 absorbers during summer. We demonstrate a response to alterations in flood regime by variables related to macrophyte productivity in isolated lakes with the greatest connectivity to the river that suggests productivity declines with increasing connection time. The connectivity of low-elevation lakes, which represent a majority of lake number and area in the Mackenzie Delta, has been projected to increase with climate change. Our work suggests that an increase in connection time may decrease the macrophyte productivity of these lakes, with potential consequences to the CO2 balance of individual lakes and the Mackenzie Delta as a whole.[Scott, Ryan W.; Sharma, Sapna; Quinlan, Roberto] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Wang, Xiaowa] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, CanadaYork University - Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaScott, RW (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada.rwscott@yorku.caQuinlan, Roberto/0000-0002-6691-795X; Scott, Ryan/0000-0002-8111-8961; Sharma, Sapna/0000-0003-4571-2768NSERC; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis research was conducted as a part of Scientific Research Licenses 15272, 15403, 15652, 15811, and 16149 from the Aurora Research Institute and supported by an NSERC Discovery and NSERC Discovery Northern Research Supplement grants to RQ and Northern Scientific Training Program support to RWS. We thank the Western Arctic Research Centre, Aurora Research Institute for technical and logistical support, and to Jolie Gareis, William Hurst, and Edwin Amos for their valuable advice and assistance. We are grateful to Suzanne Tank (University of Alberta) for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We thank Andrew Medeiros, Christopher Luszczek, Sara Masood, Frankie Talarico, Cait Carew, and Dmitri Perlov from York University for assistance in the field.7811<180 Day Usage Count>46TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND2044-20412044-205XINLAND WATERSInland WatersJUL 32022123341353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2030628http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.20306282022-05-01 00:00:0013Limnology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology4W8HAGreen Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0007973814000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaKugmallit Bay, TuktoyaktukYGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605318758406
The map is not the territory: Applying qualitative Geographic Information Systems in the practice of activist archaeology
ArticleJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ARCHAEOLOGYActivist archaeology; qualitative Geographic Information Systems; Inuvialuit heritage; cultural landscape vulnerability; heritage valueVALUES; GISO'Rourke, MJEO'Rourke, Michael J. E.EnglishIn response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of activist scholarship' can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how grounded visualization' methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.[O'Rourke, Michael J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, 19 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, CanadaUniversity of TorontoO'Rourke, MJE (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Anthropol, 19 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada.michael.orourke@mail.utoronto.caOntario Graduate Scholarship Program; Dr Ranbir Singh Khanna Ontario Graduate Scholarship in the Environment; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies Student Travel Grant; Joseph and Maria Shaw Student Travel Award; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [435-2012-0641]; Polar Continental Shelf Project [60213, 61914, 63315, 62816, 64917]Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); Dr Ranbir Singh Khanna Ontario Graduate Scholarship in the Environment; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies Student Travel Grant; Joseph and Maria Shaw Student Travel Award; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)); Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada)The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/ or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Ontario Graduate Scholarship Program, the Dr Ranbir Singh Khanna Ontario Graduate Scholarship in the Environment; the Northern Scientific Training Program, the University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies Student Travel Grant and the Joseph and Maria Shaw Student Travel Award. The fieldwork component of this research was facilitated by the Arctic CHAR project, which was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (grant number 435-2012-0641) and the Polar Continental Shelf Project (grant numbers 60213, 61914, 63315, 62816, 64917).901010<180 Day Usage Count>115SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDLONDON1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND1469-60531741-2951J SOC ARCHAEOLJ. Soc. Archaeol.JUN2018182149173
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605318758406http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146960531875840625Anthropology; ArchaeologySocial Science Citation Index (SSCI); Arts &amp; Humanities Citation Index (A&amp;HCI)Anthropology; ArchaeologyGG9AN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004329923000020 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13520
The positive net radiative greenhouse gas forcing of increasing methane emissions from a thawing boreal forest-wetland landscape
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal forest; carbon dioxide; climate change; eddy covariance; methane; radiative forcing; wetlandBLACK SPRUCE FOREST; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NORTHERN PEATLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; HOLOCENE CARBON; WATER-VAPORHelbig, M; Chasmer, LE; Kljun, N; Quinton, WL; Treat, CC; Sonnentag, OHelbig, Manuel; Chasmer, Laura E.; Kljun, Natascha; Quinton, William L.; Treat, Claire C.; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishAt the southern margin of permafrost in North America, climate change causes widespread permafrost thaw. In boreal lowlands, thawing forested permafrost peat plateaus ('forest') lead to expansion of permafrost-free wetlands ('wetland'). Expanding wetland area with saturated and warmer organic soils is expected to increase landscape methane (CH4) emissions. Here, we quantify the thaw-induced increase in CH4 emissions for a boreal forest-wetland landscape in the southern Taiga Plains, Canada, and evaluate its impact on net radiative forcing relative to potential long-term net carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. Using nested wetland and landscape eddy covariance net CH4 flux measurements in combination with flux footprint modeling, we find that landscape CH4 emissions increase with increasing wetland-to-forest ratio. Landscape CH4 emissions are most sensitive to this ratio during peak emission periods, when wetland soils are up to 10 degrees C warmer than forest soils. The cumulative growing season (May-October) wetland CH4 emission of similar to 13 g CH4 m(-2) is the dominating contribution to the landscape CH4 emission of similar to 7 g CH4 m(-2). In contrast, forest contributions to landscape CH4 emissions appear to be negligible. The rapid wetland expansion of 0.26 +/- 0.05% yr(-1) in this region causes an estimated growing season increase of 0.034 +/- 0.007 g CH4 m(-2) yr(-1) in landscape CH4 emissions. A long-term net CO2 uptake of >200 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) is required to offset the positive radiative forcing of increasing CH4 emissions until the end of the 21st century as indicated by an atmospheric CH4 and CO2 concentration model. However, long-term apparent carbon accumulation rates in similar boreal forest-wetland landscapes and eddy covariance landscape net CO2 flux measurements suggest a long-term net CO2 uptake between 49 and 157 g CO2 m(-2) yr(-1). Thus, thaw-induced CH4 emission increases likely exert a positive net radiative greenhouse gas forcing through the 21st century.[Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote Sainte Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote Sainte Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura E.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; [Kljun, Natascha] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Treat, Claire C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Treat, Claire C.] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USAUniversite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; University of Lethbridge; Swansea University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological SurveyHelbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Chemin Cote Sainte Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, 520 Chemin Cote Sainte Catherine, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.manuel.helbig@umontreal.caKljun, Natascha/AAR-3629-2021; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Helbig, Manuel/H-3690-2019; Kljun, Natascha/B-8467-2008Kljun, Natascha/0000-0001-9650-2184; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Kljun, Natascha/0000-0001-9650-2184; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; National Science Foundation [ARC-1304823]; Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First NationFonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)(Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Liidlii Kue First Nation; Jean Marie River First NationM. Helbig was funded through graduate student scholarships provided by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Funding for this research was awarded to O. Sonnentag by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs. C.T. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (ARC-1304823). We are grateful for the support of the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean Marie River First Nation for their support of the Scotty Creek Research Station. We thank Tim Moore for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Matteo Detto for valuable discussion on this manuscript. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.1005050<180 Day Usage Count>13122WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUN201723624132427
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13520http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1352015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyET7AO27689625Green Published2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004004459000240 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2273
The role of hummocks in re-establishing black spruce forest following permafrost thaw
ArticleECOHYDROLOGYblack spruce; hummock microtopography; landscape change; transitioning wetlandsDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; PEAT PLATEAU; CLIMATE; CONNECTIVITY; ACCUMULATION; PEATLANDS; LANDSCAPE; TAMARACK; CANADAHaynes, KM; Smart, J; Disher, B; Carpino, O; Quinton, WLHaynes, Kristine M.; Smart, Jessica; Disher, Brenden; Carpino, Olivia; Quinton, William L.EnglishNorthwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost landscape is transitioning rapidly due to permafrost thaw, with the conversion of elevated, forested peat plateaus to low-lying, treeless wetlands. Increasing hydrological connectivity leads to partial drainage of previously-isolated bogs, which have been observed to subsequently develop hummock microtopography. However, the role of microtopographic features in the future trajectory of the transitioning landscape is unclear, including their potential controls on tree re-establishment. In order to understand the role of hummocks in landscape change, research was conducted at the Scotty Creek Research Station, Northwest Territories, to measure hummock and black spruce tree physical characteristics, and assess tree and hummock spatial coverage in peat plateaus, collapse scar bogs and the advanced transitional feature known as treed bogs. Canopy coverage in all landforms and wetland hummock areal coverage was assessed using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) canopy gap fraction model and multispectral imagery. Hummocks, which are not underlain by permafrost but contain seasonal ice, support the establishment of black spruce trees due to favourable soil moisture conditions. Hummock flank moisture in treed bogs is intermediate between those of dry peat plateaus and inundated collapse scar bogs. Black spruce trees on peat plateaus and in treed bogs are significantly taller and of greater circumference than those in collapse scar bogs. The spatial distribution of hummocks and canopy coverage of black spruce trees in treed bogs collectively suggest that these features may play an important role in the advanced stages of permafrost thaw-driven transition of the discontinuous permafrost landscape.[Haynes, Kristine M.; Smart, Jessica; Disher, Brenden; Carpino, Olivia; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Smart, Jessica] Univ Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Disher, Brenden] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Northern British Columbia; Environment & Climate Change CanadaHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant; NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award; ArcticNetNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ArcticNetNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant; NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Award; ArcticNet4599<180 Day Usage Count>05WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1936-05841936-0592ECOHYDROLOGYEcohydrologyAPR2021143
e2273
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2273http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.22732021-01-01 00:00:0016Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesRK3TW2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006048755000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeninsula Point, Pingo National Park, TuktoyaktukNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006602
The Role of Massive Ice and Exposed Headwall Properties on Retrogressive Thaw Slump Activity
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACEpermafrost; retrogressive thaw slump; massive ice; structure from motion; passive seismic; ArcticWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; ORGANIC-CARBON; YUKON COAST; PERMAFROST; EROSION; ISLAND; AMPLIFICATION; IMPACTS; RETREAT; PLAINHayes, S; Lim, M; Whalen, D; Mann, PJ; Fraser, P; Penlington, R; Martin, JHayes, Samuel; Lim, Michael; Whalen, Dustin; Mann, Paul J.; Fraser, Paul; Penlington, Roger; Martin, JamesEnglishRetrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTSs), a highly dynamic form of mass wasting, are accelerating geomorphic change across ice-cored permafrost terrain, yet the main controls on their activity are poorly constrained. Questions over the spatial variability of environmentally sensitive massive ice bodies and a paucity of high-spatial and temporal resolution topographic data have limited our ability to project their development and wider impacts. This research addresses these key problems by investigating RTS processes on Peninsula Point-a well-studied site for intra-sedimental massive ice in the Western Canadian Arctic. Utilizing high-resolution topographic data from drone surveys in 2016, 2017 and 2018 we (a) measure the temporal and spatial variations in headwall properties and retreat rates, (b) determine the spatial pattern of subsurface layering using passive seismic monitoring and (c) combine these to analyze and contextualize the factors controlling headwall retreat (HWR) rates. We find that headwall properties, namely massive ice and overburden thickness, are significant controls over rates of HWR. Where persistent massive ice exposures are present inland of the headwall, regardless of thickness, and overburden thickness remains <4 m, HWR is typically more than double that of other headwalls. Furthermore, a 3D site model was created by combining photogrammetric and passive seismic data, highlighting internal layering variability and demonstrating the limitations of extrapolations of internal layering based on headwall exposures. These results provide fresh insights into the in situ controls on HWR rates and new approaches to understanding their variability.[Hayes, Samuel] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland; [Hayes, Samuel] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Geog, Cork, Ireland; [Lim, Michael; Mann, Paul J.; Penlington, Roger; Martin, James] Northumbria Univ, Engn & Environm, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England; [Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, Paul] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS, CanadaUniversity College Cork; University College Cork; Northumbria University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaHayes, S (corresponding author), Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland.;Hayes, S (corresponding author), Univ Coll Cork, Dept Geog, Cork, Ireland.shayes@ucc.ieMann, Paul/H-7268-2014Mann, Paul/0000-0002-6221-3533; Lim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773European Union's Horizon 2020 project INTERACT [730938]; NERC Arctic Office; IReLEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 project INTERACT; NERC Arctic Office; IReLThe authors would like to thank the members of NRCan who provided invaluable data and assistance in the field. We express our gratitude to the Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik, and the community of Tuktoyaktuk. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 project INTERACT, under Grant agreement No 730938 and also the NERC Arctic Office, without which this work would not have been possible. Open access funding provided by IReL.6411<180 Day Usage Count>11AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-90032169-9011J GEOPHYS RES-EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.NOV202212711
e2022JF006602
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006602http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JF00660216Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology9A4HMGreen Accepted2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0009340205000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPaulatukYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01769-z
The role of multiple stressors in adaptation to climate change in the Canadian Arctic
ArticleREGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGEAdaptive capacity; Gender; Inuit; Inuvialuit; Paulatuk; Resilience; VulnerabilityCHANGE VULNERABILITY; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; SEA-ICE; CONTEXT; INUIT; COMMUNITIES; LIVELIHOODS; IMPACTS; FRAMEWORK; REMOTELede, E; Pearce, T; Furgal, C; Wolki, M; Ashford, G; Ford, JDLede, Eric; Pearce, Tristan; Furgal, Chris; Wolki, Melanie; Ashford, Graham; Ford, James D.EnglishClimate change is occurring at accelerated rates in the Arctic, and its impacts are being experienced by human communities in the context of other environmental and societal stressors. This paper argues that an assessment of human vulnerability to climate change requires knowledge of these stressors, including the interactions among them that influence people's sensitivity to climate risks and adaptability. This paper examines the role of multiple stressors in adaptation to climate change through a case study of Paulatuk, Northwest Territories, Canada. It is based on collaborative research involving semi-structured interviews with 28 participants, participant observation, and analysis of secondary sources of information. In the context of subsistence harvesting, climatic stressors have affected access to, and the availability of, some fish and wildlife and are making travel conditions more unpredictable and dangerous. These stressors are being experienced at the same time as societal stressors such as financial and social barriers to participating in subsistence, challenges with local schooling, lifestyle changes, housing shortage and overcrowding, and addiction. Many of the coping strategies used by people in Paulatuk to deal with stressors involve trade-offs, such as leaving the community for school or leaving school to participate in subsistence and switching species harvested in response to a decline in one species, which has undermined resilience to other stressors. This research demonstrates the need to consider the role of pre-existing environmental and societal stressors and diversity within communities in climate change adaptation planning in the Arctic.[Lede, Eric; Pearce, Tristan] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Global & Int Studies, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Furgal, Chris] Trent Univ, Chanie Wenjack Sch Indigenous Studies, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Furgal, Chris] Trent Univ, Trent Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, Canada; [Wolki, Melanie] Community Paulatuk, Paulatuk, NT, Canada; [Ashford, Graham] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Sci & Engn, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia; [Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, EnglandUniversity of the Sunshine Coast; University of Northern British Columbia; Trent University; Trent University; University of the Sunshine Coast; University of LeedsLede, E (corresponding author), Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.ericlede4@gmail.comFord, James/A-4284-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Ashford, Graham/0000-0002-8458-6218ArcticNet Project 1.1 Community vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to climate change in the Canadian Arctic; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant; Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship; University of the Sunshine Coast Faculty of Arts, Business and Law Higher Degree by Research scholarshipArcticNet Project 1.1 Community vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to climate change in the Canadian Arctic; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant; Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship(Australian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and Science); University of the Sunshine Coast Faculty of Arts, Business and Law Higher Degree by Research scholarshipThis research was made possible through the financial support of ArcticNet Project 1.1 Community vulnerability, resilience and adaptation to climate change in the Canadian Arctic, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Insight Grant Project Vulnerability and resilience to climate change in the Canadian Arctic, the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship, a University of the Sunshine Coast Faculty of Arts, Business and Law Higher Degree by Research scholarship and infrastructure support from Parks Canada and the Sustainability Research Centre at the University of the Sunshine Coast.7211<180 Day Usage Count>413SPRINGER HEIDELBERGHEIDELBERGTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY1436-37981436-378XREG ENVIRON CHANGEReg. Envir. Chang.JUN2021212
50
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01769-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-021-01769-z13Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyUS4VQ2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006974293000030 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaAklavikYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632764211030996
The Tempo of Solid Fluids: On River Ice, Permafrost, and Other Melting Matter in the Mackenzie Delta
ArticleTHEORY CULTURE & SOCIETYArctic; climate change; Gwich'in; Inuvialuit; permafrost; solid fluid; tempoWATERKrause, FKrause, FranzEnglishSeasonal and historical transformations of ice and permafrost suggest that the Mackenzie Delta in Arctic Canada can be understood as a solid fluid. The concerns and practices of delta inhabitants show that fluidity and solidity remain important attributes in a solid fluid delta. They are significant not as exclusive properties, but as relational qualities, in the context of particular human projects and activities. Indigenous philosophies of 'the land' and Henri Lefebvre's notion of 'tempo' in Rhythmanalysis: Space, Time and Everyday Life (2004) may help to illustrate the predicament of living in a world that is solid and fluid rhythmically, and in relation to particular practices. Economic, political, sociocultural and physical transformations can all be experienced as both solid and fluid, depending on the degree to which they resonate with people's purposes. In a world where everything seems to be changed and changing, solidity and fluidity may best be seen as indications of relative differences in tempo.[Krause, Franz] Univ Cologne, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Cologne, Germany; [Krause, Franz] Univ Cologne, Global South Studies Ctr, Cologne, GermanyUniversity of Cologne; University of CologneKrause, F (corresponding author), Univ Cologne, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Cologne, Germany.;Krause, F (corresponding author), Univ Cologne, Global South Studies Ctr, Cologne, Germany.f.krause@uni-koeln.deKrause, Franz/0000-0003-0914-7060German Research Foundation (DFG)'s Emmy Noether Program [276392588]; Aurora Research Institute Research FellowshipGerman Research Foundation (DFG)'s Emmy Noether Program(German Research Foundation (DFG)); Aurora Research Institute Research FellowshipResearch in the Mackenzie Delta has been conducted in collaboration with the Gwich'in Tribal Council's Department of Cultural Heritage and the Aklavik Hunters and Trappers Committee. I am grateful for their openness and trust, and indebted to the Mackenzie Delta inhabitants who have shared their time and knowledge with me. This article has greatly benefited from critical comments by, and conversations with, Kirsti Benson, Ben Campbell, Teresa Cremer, Jessica Gullion, Nora Horisberger, Tim Ingold, Moritz Ingwersen, Benoit Ivars, Stuart McLean, Sandro Simon and Cristian Simonetti, as well as three anonymous reviewers. The research was financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG)'s Emmy Noether Program (project number 276392588) and an Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship. There is no conflict of interest.7123<180 Day Usage Count>00SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDLONDON1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND0263-27641460-3616THEOR CULT SOCTheory Cult. Soc.MAR2022392SI3152
2.632764211e+15
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632764211030996http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026327642110309962021-09-01 00:00:0022Cultural StudiesSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI); Arts &amp; Humanities Citation Index (A&amp;HCI)Cultural Studies0K8PV2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006952633000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5163-2020
Thermokarst amplifies fluvial inorganic carbon cycling and export across watershed scales on the Peel Plateau, Canada
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; PERMAFROST CARBON; THAW SLUMPS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFIDE OXIDATION; CO2; LANDSCAPE; DIOXIDE; STREAMSZolkos, S; Tank, SE; Striegl, RG; Kokelj, SV; Kokoszka, J; Estop-Aragones, C; Olefeldt, DZolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; Striegl, Robert G.; Kokelj, Steven, V; Kokoszka, Justin; Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishAs climate warming and precipitation increase at high latitudes, permafrost terrains across the circumpolar north are poised for intensified geomorphic activity and sediment mobilization that are expected to persist for millennia. In previously glaciated permafrost terrain, ice-rich deposits are associated with large stores of reactive mineral substrate. Over geological timescales, chemical weathering moderates atmospheric CO2 levels, raising the prospect that mass wasting driven by terrain consolidation following thaw (thermokarst) may enhance weathering of permafrost sediments and thus climate feedbacks. The nature of these feedbacks depends upon the mineral composition of sediments (weathering sources) and the balance between atmospheric exchange of CO2 vs. fluvial export of carbonate alkalinity (Sigma[HCO3-, CO32-]). Working in the fluvially incised, ice-rich glacial deposits of the Peel Plateau in northwestern Canada, we determine the effects of slope thermokarst in the form of retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) activity on mineral weathering sources, CO2 dynamics, and carbonate alkalinity export and how these effects integrate across watershed scales (similar to 2 to 1000 km(2)). We worked along three transects in nested watersheds with varying connectivity to RTS activity: a 550m transect along a first-order thaw stream within a large RTS, a 14 km transect along a stream which directly received inputs from several RTSs, and a 70 km transect along a larger stream with headwaters that lay outside of RTS influence. In undisturbed headwaters, stream chemistry reflected CO2 from soil respiration processes and atmospheric exchange. Within the RTS, rapid sulfuric acid carbonate weathering, prompted by the exposure of sulfide- and carbonate-bearing tills, appeared to increase fluvial CO2 efflux to the atmosphere and propagate carbonate alkalinity across watershed scales. Despite covering less than 1% of the landscape, RTS activity drove carbonate alkalinity to increase by 2 orders of magnitude along the largest transect. Amplified export of carbonate alkalinity together with isotopic signals of shifting DIC and CO2 sources along the downstream transects highlights the dynamic nature of carbon cycling that may typify glaciated permafrost watersheds subject to intensification of hillslope thermokarst. The balance between CO2 drawdown in regions where carbonic acid weathering predominates and CO2 release in regions where sulfides are more prevalent will determine the biogeochemical legacy of thermokarst and enhanced weathering in northern permafrost terrains. Effects of RTSs on carbon cycling can be expected to persist for millennia, indicating a need for their integration into predictions of weathering-carbon-climate feedbacks among thermokarst terrains.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; [Striegl, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; [Kokelj, Steven, V; Kokoszka, Justin] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; [Zolkos, Scott] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Estop-Aragones, Cristian] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, D-48149 Munster, GermanyUniversity of Alberta; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Alberta; University of MunsterZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.;Zolkos, S (corresponding author), Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.sgzolkos@gmail.comEstop Aragones, Cristian/GPP-6750-2022; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Estop Aragones, Cristian/0000-0003-3231-9967; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant [430696]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Northern Research Supplement [444873]; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program [61717]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons [GCXE16S064]; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Arctic Institute of North AmericaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Northern Research Supplement; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Arctic Institute of North AmericaThis research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (grant no. 430696), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Northern Research Supplement (grant no. 444873), the Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program (grant no. 61717), the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, the Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons (grant no. GCXE16S064), the UAlberta Northern Research Award, and the Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid.8788<180 Day Usage Count>020COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesOCT 262020172051635182
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5163-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5163-202020Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyON3UNgold, Green Submitted2023-03-11WOS:0005866304000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta uplands, Noell Lake, Parsons LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005834
Thermokarst Disturbance Drives Concentration and Composition of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Lakes of the Western Canadian Arctic
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESpermafrost; thermokarst; contaminants; Arctic; lake; paleolimnologyMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TUNDRA LAKES; THAW SLUMPS; PERMAFROST; HYDROCARBONS; PAH; TOXICITYThienpont, JR; Eickmeyer, DC; Kimpe, LE; Blais, JMThienpont, Joshua R.; Eickmeyer, David C.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.EnglishWhen assessing the environmental impact of petroleum hydrocarbon exploitation, it can be challenging to differentiate anthropogenic from natural hydrocarbon sources. For example, areas underlain by permafrost may be affected by erosion of hydrocarbon-rich deposits from thermokarst activity, complicating environmental assessments of human impacts from petroleum extraction. Here we examined polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and metals in sediment cores from lakes affected to varying degrees by thawing permafrost. We used a paired-lake design on lakes with pronounced shoreline retrogressive thaw slumps and compared them to nearby lakes in undisturbed (no retrogressive thaw slump) systems in the Mackenzie Delta uplands (Northwest Territories, Canada). Total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized concentrations of parent and alkylated PACs were higher in surface sediments of slump-affected lakes. Slump-affected lakes were also enriched in metals related to local shale-based, Quaternary deposits (e.g., Ca, Sr, and Mn) when compared to reference lakes where surficial materials were not exposed by thermokarst activity. Diagnostic ratios of specific PACs suggested that slump-affected lakes also had a greater influence from petroleum-based compounds, likely sourced from the local geology. Higher PAC concentrations and petrogenic composition were best explained as a combination of low TOC availability and increased inputs of previously bound hydrocarbons from the catchment due to permafrost erosion.[Thienpont, Joshua R.; Eickmeyer, David C.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Thienpont, Joshua R.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; York University - CanadaThienpont, JR (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Thienpont, JR (corresponding author), York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON, Canada.jthienpo@yorku.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Thienpont, Joshua/0000-0003-1856-8756; Eickmeyer, David/0000-0001-5434-2565Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada through a strategic grant to J. M. B., J. P. Smol, and M. F. J. Pisaric. Logistical support was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program. Support for student field travel was provided by the Northern Scientific Training Program. We thank P. deMontigny for assistance in the field. We thank two anonymous reviewers for commentYs that greatly improved the manuscript.4811<180 Day Usage Count>318AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.DEC202012512
e2020JG005834
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005834http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JG00583411Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyPL7FD2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0006032820000240 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005038
Thermokarst Effects on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in Streams on the Peel Plateau (NWT, Canada)
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESpermafrost thaw; greenhouse gas; Arctic; fluvialDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST CARBON; HEADWATER STREAMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THAW SLUMPS; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; AQUATIC CONDUIT; FRESH-WATER; GAS FLUX; CO2Zolkos, S; Tank, SE; Striegl, RG; Kokelj, SVZolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.; Striegl, Robert G.; Kokelj, Steven, VEnglishThermokarst can rapidly mobilize vast amounts of sediment, solutes, and organic carbon previously maintained in frozen soils to inland waters. Streams provide a critical pathway for transforming these materials into carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), yet the direct effects of thermokarst on fluvial C gas efflux from streams to the atmosphere are largely unknown. Working on the Peel Plateau in the western Canadian Arctic, we show that CO2 efflux in rill runoff thaw streams (runoff) within retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) was four times greater than in adjacent streams and contributed modestly but disproportionately to efflux at the landscape scale. In contrast, CH4 efflux was generally greater in adjacent streams than in RTS runoff and, overall, was within the range of values reported for other northern streams. While RTS occurrence was a primary driver of CO2 efflux, CH4 efflux was more strongly associated with conditions reflective of biological activity. Transects downstream of two RTSs revealed that CH4 consistently and rapidly degassed to the atmosphere, while elevated CO2 was sustained downstream of one RTS feature. At the watershed scale, streams adjacent to RTSs rather than runoff streams within RTSs dominated fluvial CO2 and CH4 efflux. Intensifying thermokarst activity in the western Canadian Arctic will likely amplify contributions from runoff streams in RTSs to watershed-scale fluvial C gas efflux. Plain Language Summary Rapid Arctic warming is thawing perennially frozen ground (permafrost) and driving terrain subsidence in ice-rich areas (thermokarst). In glaciated permafrost landscapes, thermokarst features called retrogressive thaw slumps, which are caused by thawing of ice-rich permafrost, release sediment, solutes, and organic materials that have been preserved in permafrost for millennia. Following thaw, permafrost carbon can rapidly transform into the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and methane in streams. Yet the effects of thermokarst on fluvial gas flux are largely unknown. Working on the Peel Plateau in northwest Canada, we found that carbon dioxide efflux to the atmosphere from runoff draining from thaw slumps was four times greater than in streams adjacent to thaw slumps. In contrast, methane efflux in adjacent streams was twice that in runoff streams and both were similar to streams in other northern regions. While thaw slump occurrence was a primary driver of carbon dioxide efflux, methane efflux was more strongly associated with conditions reflective of biological activity. Generally, both carbon dioxide and methane were rapidly degassed downstream. While efflux of carbon dioxide and methane in thaw slumps were a small component of watershed-scale fluvial C gas efflux, these fluxes will likely increase as regional thermokarst activity accelerates.[Zolkos, Scott; Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Striegl, Robert G.] USGS Hydroecol Interact Branch, Boulder, CO USA; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaZolkos, S (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.zolkos@ualberta.caTank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577; Striegl, Robert/0000-0002-8251-4659Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Arctic Institute of North AmericaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons; UAlberta Northern Research Award; Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program; Arctic Institute of North AmericaResearch was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Campus Alberta Innovates Program, Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program, Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons, UAlberta Northern Research Award, Aurora Research Institute Research Fellowship Program, and Arctic Institute of North America Grant-in-Aid. We thank Luke Gjini, Lindsey Stephen, Christine Firth, Sarah Shakil, Joyce Kendon, Peter Snowshoe, and Abraham Snowshoe for assistance in the field. Data used are available in the supporting information. NWT Geological Survey contribution 0118. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which greatly improved the manuscript.1032728<180 Day Usage Count>459AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.JUL2019124717811798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005038http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG00503818Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyIR4ZW2023-03-11WOS:0004814438000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13537
Threshold loss of discontinuous permafrost and landscape evolution
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal; climate change; ENSO; hydrology; light detection and ranging; permafrost; remote sensing; tipping pointCLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL PEATLANDS; PEAT PLATEAU; THAW; TRENDS; CANADA; CLASSIFICATION; DISEQUILIBRIUM; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITYChasmer, L; Hopkinson, CChasmer, Laura; Hopkinson, ChrisEnglishThis study demonstrates linkages between the 1997/1998 El Nino/Southern Oscillation index and a threshold shift to increased permafrost loss within a southern Taiga Plains watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada. Three-dimensional contraction of permafrost plateaus and changes in vegetation structural characteristics are determined from multitemporal airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) surveys in 2008, 2011 and 2015. Morphological changes in permafrost cover are compared with optical image analogues from 1970, 1977, 2000 and 2008 and time-series hydro-climate data. Results demonstrate that significant changes in air temperature, precipitation, runoff and a shortening of the snow-covered season by 35 days (1998-2014) and 50 days (1998 only) occurred after 1997. The albedo reduction associated with 35 and 50 days less snow cover leads to increases in shortwave energy receipt during the active thaw period of similar to 12% (3% annually) and similar to 16% (5% annually), respectively. From 2000 to 2015, sporadic permafrost loss accelerated from 0.19% (of total basin area) per year between 1970 and 2000 to 0.58% per year from 2000 to 2015, with a projected total loss of permafrost by similar to 2044. From similar to 1997 to 2011, we observe a corresponding shift to increased runoff ratio. However, observed increases in the proportion of snow precipitation and the volumetric contribution of permafrost loss to runoff post-1997 (0.6-6.4% per year) cannot fully explain this shift. This suggests increases in drainage efficiency and possible losses from long-term groundwater storage as a result of subtle terrain morphological and soil zone hydraulic conductivity changes. These hydrological changes appear coincident with high vegetation mortality at plateau margins combined with succession-related canopy growth in some bog and fen areas, which are presumed to be drying. Similar changes in runoff response were observed at adjacent Birch, Trout and Jean Marie River watersheds indicating that observations are representative of northern Boreal sporadic permafrost/wetland watersheds in the Taiga Plains.[Chasmer, Laura; Hopkinson, Chris] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaUniversity of LethbridgeChasmer, L; Hopkinson, C (corresponding author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.laura.chasmer@uleth.ca; c.hopkinson@uleth.caCampus Alberta Innovates Program, an NSERC; Alberta Innovates Technology FuturesCampus Alberta Innovates Program, an NSERC; Alberta Innovates Technology FuturesWe would like to acknowledge helpful, ongoing discussions with Drs. O. Sonnentag, W. Quinton, and Mr. M. Helbig and two anonymous reviewers. Early postdoctoral support (and invitation to work at SCW) of Chasmer was provided by SCW PI, Dr. W. Quinton. We would also like to thank Dr. Tristan Goulden and Ms. Allyson Fox for field and airborne survey support and data processing. LiDAR data were acquired in 2015 in collaboration with Teledyne Optech Inc., Toronto, Canada. Finally, important, long-term hydrometric and climate data records needed to monitor changes in hydro-climate were acquired from Water Survey of Canada and Environment Canada, respectively. Funding for this project was supported by the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, an NSERC Discovery Grant to Hopkinson, and Alberta Innovates Technology Futures to Chasmer.713537<180 Day Usage Count>666WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUL201723726722686
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13537http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1353715Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyEW4ZQ277705042023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004025149000140 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14289
Toward understanding the contribution of waterbodies to the methane emissions of a permafrost landscape on a regional scaleA case study from the Mackenzie Delta, Canada
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYairborne eddy-covariance; Arctic; CH4; lakes; ponds; remote sensing; Sentinel-1; TerraSAR-XNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN LAKES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL LAKES; ARCTIC LAKES; PONDS; MODEL; THAWKohnert, K; Juhls, B; Muster, S; Antonova, S; Serafimovich, A; Metzger, S; Hartmann, J; Sachs, TKohnert, Katrin; Juhls, Bennet; Muster, Sina; Antonova, Sofia; Serafimovich, Andrei; Metzger, Stefan; Hartmann, Joerg; Sachs, TorstenEnglishWaterbodies in the arctic permafrost zone are considered a major source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in addition to CH4 emissions from arctic wetlands. However, the spatio-temporal variability of CH4 fluxes from waterbodies complicates spatial extrapolation of CH4 measurements from single waterbodies. Therefore, their contribution to the CH4 budget of the arctic permafrost zone is not yet well understood. Using the example of two study areas of 1,000km(2) each in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada, we approach this issue (i) by analyzing correlations on the landscape scale between numerous waterbodies and CH4 fluxes and (ii) by analyzing the influence of the spatial resolution of CH4 flux data on the detected relationships. A CH4 flux map with a resolution of 100m was derived from two aircraft eddy-covariance campaigns in the summers of 2012 and 2013. We combined the CH4 flux map with high spatial resolution (2.5m) waterbody maps from the Permafrost Region Pond and Lake Database and classified the waterbody depth based on Sentinel-1 SAR backscatter data. Subsequently, we reduced the resolution of the CH4 flux map to analyze if different spatial resolutions of CH4 flux data affected the detectability of relationships between waterbody coverage, number, depth, or size and the CH4 flux. We did not find consistent correlations between waterbody characteristics and the CH4 flux in the two study areas across the different resolutions. Our results indicate that waterbodies in permafrost landscapes, even if they seem to be emission hot spots on an individual basis or contain zones of above average emissions, do currently not necessarily translate into significant CH4 emission hot spots on a regional scale, but their role might change in a warmer climate.[Kohnert, Katrin; Juhls, Bennet; Serafimovich, Andrei; Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Muster, Sina; Antonova, Sofia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Antonova, Sofia] Heidelberg Univ, Dept Geog, GISci, Heidelberg, Germany; [Metzger, Stefan] Battelle Mem Inst, Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA; [Metzger, Stefan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Hartmann, Joerg] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Sachs, Torsten] TU Braunschweig, Inst Flight Guidance, Braunschweig, Germany; [Juhls, Bennet] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Berlin, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Braunschweig University of Technology; Free University of BerlinKohnert, K; Sachs, T (corresponding author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.katrin.kohnert@gfz-potsdam.de; torsten.sachs@gfz-potsdam.deJuhls, Bennet/AAD-8848-2021Antonova, Sofia/0000-0002-5310-786X; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Juhls, Bennet/0000-0002-5844-6318; Kohnert, Katrin/0000-0001-7524-3806Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group [VH-NG-821]; Helmholtz Association [VH-NG 203]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0752017]; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchHelmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group; Helmholtz Association(Helmholtz Association); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchHelmholtz Association of German Research Centres through a Helmholtz Young Investigators Group, Grant/Award Number: VH-NG-821; Helmholtz Association, Grant/Award Number: VH-NG 203; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DBI-0752017; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research561616<180 Day Usage Count>349WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.SEP201824939763989
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14289http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1428914Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyGQ5RM29697179Green Accepted2023-03-13WOS:0004417469000100 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk, InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16176
Tree ring evidence of rapid development of drunken forest induced by permafrost warming
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYclimate warming; cryoturbation; dendrochronology; gelisols; lignin; permafrost; thermokarstNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; EARTH HUMMOCKS; CARBON; DYNAMICS; DEGRADATION; INUVIK; RANGE; FIRE; WOODFujii, K; Yasue, K; Matsuura, YFujii, Kazumichi; Yasue, Koh; Matsuura, YojiroEnglishBlack spruce trees growing on warming permafrost lean in all directions due to soil movement, forming a drunken forest. Two hypothetical drivers of drunken forest development are (i) loosening of the soil foundation induced by permafrost degradation in warm summers and (ii) mound rising induced by freezing soil in winter. However, no evidence has previously clarified whether recent tree leaning is related to climate warming or is part of a natural hummock formation process. Here, we provide evidence that tree leaning and soil hummock formation have accelerated due to climate warming. We find that trees' leaning events synchronize with the development of soil hummocks as recorded in tree rings with lignin-rich cells. Tree leaning is caused by mound rising in winter due to refreezing of soil following deep thaws in summer, rather than by loosening of the soil foundation in summer. Hummock formation shifted from periodic events before 1960 to continuous mound rising in the warmer succeeding 50 years. Although soil change is generally a slow process, recent permafrost warming has induced rapid hummock formation, which threatens the stability of drunken forests and organic carbon in soil hummocks based on shallow permafrost table.[Fujii, Kazumichi; Matsuura, Yojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan; [Yasue, Koh] Shinshu Univ, Inst Mt Sci, Nagano, JapanForestry & Forest Products Research Institute - Japan; Shinshu UniversityFujii, K (corresponding author), Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan.fjkazumichi@gmail.comYasue, Koh/0000-0001-6773-2263Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [17K15292]; JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Science and Technology [20351100]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K15292] Funding Source: KAKENGreen Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Science and Technology; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))Green Network of Excellence (GRENE) Arctic Climate Change Project; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Number: 17K15292; JST Fusion Oriented Research for destructive Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 203511003122<180 Day Usage Count>412WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUN2022281239203928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16176http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.161762022-04-01 00:00:009Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology1F3PR35388942Green Published2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0007789558000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab863
Tundra shrub effects on growing season energy and carbon dioxide exchange
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic tundra; tundra-atmopshere interaction; carbon cycle; energy balance; shrub cover; Arctic change; eddy covarianceARCTIC VEGETATION; WATER-VAPOR; CO2 FLUX; SCALE VARIABILITY; NORTHERN ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; HEAT; ECOSYSTEMS; FEEDBACKSLafleur, PM; Humphreys, ERLafleur, Peter M.; Humphreys, Elyn R.EnglishIncreased shrub cover on the Arctic tundra is expected to impact ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges of carbon and energy resulting in feedbacks to the climate system, yet few direct measurements of shrub tundra-atmosphere exchanges are available to corroborate expectations. Here we present energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes measured using the eddy covariance technique over six growing seasons at three closely located tundra sites in Canada's Low Arctic. The sites are dominated by the tundra shrub Betula glandulosa, but percent cover varies from 17%-60% and average shrub height ranges from 18-59 cm among sites. The site with greatest percent cover and height had greater snow accumulation, but contrary to some expectations, it had similar late-winter albedo and snow melt dates compared to the other two sites. Immediately after snowmelt latent heat fluxes increased more slowly at this site compared to the others. Yet by the end of the growing season there was little difference in cumulative latent heat flux among the sites, suggesting evapotranspiration was not increased with greater shrub cover. In contrast, lower albedo and less soil thaw contributed to greater summer sensible heat flux at the site with greatest shrub cover, resulting in greater total atmospheric heating. Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 revealed the potential for enhanced carbon cycling rates under greater shrub cover. Spring CO2 emissions were greatest at the site with greatest percent cover of shrubs, as was summer net uptake of CO2. The seasonal net sink for CO2 was similar to 2 times larger at the site with the greatest shrub cover compared to the site with the least shrub cover. These results largely agree with expectations that the growing season feedback to the atmosphere arising from shrub expansion in the Arctic has the potential to be negative for CO2 fluxes but positive for turbulent energy fluxes.[Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, 1600 Westbank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaTrent University; Carleton UniversityLafleur, PM (corresponding author), Trent Univ, Sch Environm, 1600 Westbank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.plafleur@trentu.caLafleur, Peter/0000-0003-0347-9128; Humphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802Natural Science and Engineering Council of CanadaNatural Science and Engineering Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was funded through the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada. We are grateful to Steve Matthews and Karin Clark and the Daring Lake Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Station for logistical support. We thank our graduate and undergraduate students for assistance in the field and technical assistance from Michael Treberg and Robbie Hember.432929<180 Day Usage Count>1033IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAY2018135
55001
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab863http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab8638Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGE3XNgold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004311463000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley Creek, Siksik CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0028
Tundra shrub expansion may amplify permafrost thaw by advancing snowmelt timing
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEfrost table; active layer; shrubs; snowmelt; hummocksEARTH HUMMOCKS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ACTIVE-LAYER; VEGETATION; DYNAMICSWilcox, EJ; Keim, D; de Jong, T; Walker, B; Sonnentag, O; Sniderhan, AE; Mann, P; Marsh, PWilcox, Evan J.; Keim, Dawn; de Jong, Tyler; Walker, Branden; Sonnentag, Oliver; Sniderhan, Anastasia E.; Mann, Philip; Marsh, PhilipEnglishThe overall spatial and temporal influence of shrub expansion on permafrost is largely unknown due to uncertainty in estimating the magnitude of many counteracting processes. For example, shrubs shade the ground during the snow-free season, which can reduce active layer thickness. At the same time, shrubs advance the timing of snowmelt when they protrude through the snow surface, thereby exposing the active layer to thawing earlier in spring. Here, we compare 3056 in situ frost table depth measurements split between mineral earth hummocks and organic inter-hummock zones across four dominant shrub - tundra vegetation types. Snow-free date, snow depth, hummock development, topography, and vegetation cover were compared to frost table depth measurements using a structural equation modeling approach that quantifies the direct and combined interacting influence of these variables. Areas of birch shrubs became snow free earlier regardless of snow depth or hillslope aspect because they protruded through the snow surface, leading to deeper hummock frost table depths. Projected increases in shrub height and extent combined with projected decreases in snowfall would lead to increased shrub protrusion across the Arctic, potentially deepening the active layer in areas where shrub protrusion advances the snow-free date.[Wilcox, Evan J.; Walker, Branden; Sniderhan, Anastasia E.; Mann, Philip; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Keim, Dawn] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [de Jong, Tyler] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; McMaster University; Universite de Montreal; Universite de MontrealWilcox, EJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.wilc0150@mylaurier.caWilcox, Evan/ABF-2854-2020Wilcox, Evan/0000-0002-4172-7623Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Knowledge Canada; ArcticNet; Canada Research Chair programs; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Knowledge Canada; ArcticNet; Canada Research Chair programs(Canada Research Chairs); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThe authors wish to acknowledge WilliamWoodley who contributed to the collection of field data at the Trail Valley Creek Research Station. We acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Polar Knowledge Canada, ArcticNet, and the Canada Research Chair programs. Evan Wilcox's field research was funded by the Northern Scientific Training Program. The research license (No. 15622) was administered by the Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, and can be found at http://data.nwtresearch.com/Scientific/15622.The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. The authors also thank colleagues Carolina Voigt, Gabriel Hould-Gosselin, and Helena Bergstedt for their comments and suggestions on previous versions of this manuscript.494948<180 Day Usage Count>118CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC201954202217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0028http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-002816Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsJT1CRgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005007366000030 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05348
Unprecedented Increases in Total and Methyl Mercury Concentrations Downstream of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in the Western Canadian Arctic
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYINORGANIC MERCURY; MACKENZIE RIVER; PEEL PLATEAU; METHYLMERCURY; SEDIMENT; OCEAN; MONOMETHYLMERCURY; CATCHMENTS; IMPACTS; SULFURSt Pierre, KA; Zolkos, S; Shakil, S; Tank, SE; St Louis, VL; Kokelj, SVSt Pierre, Kyra A.; Zolkos, Scott; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; St Louis, Vincent L.; Kokelj, Steven V.EnglishRetrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are thermokarst features created by the rapid thaw of ice-rich permafrost, and can mobilize vast quantities of sediments and solutes downstream. However, the effect of slumping on downstream concentrations and yields of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) is unknown. Fluvial concentrations of THg and MeHg downstream of RTSs on the Peel Plateau (Northwest Territories, Canada) were up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than upstream, reaching concentrations of 1,270 ng L-1 and 7 ng L-1, respectively, the highest ever measured in uncontaminated sites in Canada. MeHg concentrations were particularly elevated at sites downstream of RTSs where debris tongues dammed streams to form reservoirs where microbial Hg methylation was likely enhanced. However, > 95% of the Hg downstream was typically particle-bound and potentially not readily bioavailable. Mean open water season yields of THg (610 mg km(-2) d(-1) and MeHg (2.61 mg km(-2) d(-1)) downstream of RTSs were up to an order of magnitude higher than those for the nearby large Yukon, Mackenzie and Peel rivers. We estimate that similar to 5% of the Hg stored for centuries or millennia in northern permafrost soils (88 Gg) is susceptible to release into modern-day Hg biogeochemical cycling from further climate changes and thermokarst formation.[St Pierre, Kyra A.; Zolkos, Scott; Shakil, Sarah; Tank, Suzanne E.; St Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaSt Pierre, KA (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.kyra2@ualberta.caSt.Pierre, Kyra A/G-7969-2015; St. Louis, Vincent L/G-6842-2011; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012St.Pierre, Kyra A/0000-0003-0981-920X; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada); Northern Contaminants Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; CiCan Cleantech Internship Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship; Garfield Weston Foundation; Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Alberta and UAlberta North; Aurora Research Institute; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (NWT Geological Survey) [0116]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada)(Natural Resources Canada); Northern Contaminants Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; CiCan Cleantech Internship Program; Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship; Garfield Weston Foundation; Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships; Northern Scientific Training Program; University of Alberta and UAlberta North; Aurora Research Institute; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (NWT Geological Survey)We thank Jessica Serbu, Crystal Dodge, and Mingsheng Ma (BASL, U. Alberta), and Diana Babi (Tekran) for analytical support; Luke Gjini, Joyce Kendon, Maya Guttman, Lindsey Stephen, Christine Firth, Elizabeth Jerome, Billy Wilson, Abraham Snowshoe, Dempster Collin, Steven Tetlichi, Peter Snowshoe, and Dustin Neyando for assistance in the field. We also acknowledge the logistical support provided by the Aurora Research Institute Western Arctic Research Centre, and by the Tetlit Gwich'in Renewable Resources Council. Funding for this study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada), Campus Alberta Innovates Program, the Northern Contaminants Program, CiCan Cleantech Internship Program, Environment Canada Science Youth Horizons Internship, Garfield Weston Foundation, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships, Northern Scientific Training Program, University of Alberta and UAlberta North, the Aurora Research Institute, and the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (NWT Geological Survey contribution 0116).634646<180 Day Usage Count>593AMER CHEMICAL SOCWASHINGTON1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA0013-936X1520-5851ENVIRON SCI TECHNOLEnviron. Sci. Technol.DEC 18201852241409914109
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05348http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b0534811Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyHF4DM304749692023-03-11WOS:0004541834000090 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley Creek, Siksik CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13146
Using stable isotopes to estimate travel times in a data-sparse Arctic catchment: Challenges and possible solutions
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESactive layer; Arctic headwaters; isotopes; permafrost; transit timesDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST BASIN; RUNOFF GENERATION; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; STORAGE DYNAMICS; WATER ISOTOPES; TRANSIT TIMES; ACTIVE LAYER; SOIL-WATERTetzlaff, D; Piovano, T; Ala-Aho, P; Smith, A; Carey, SK; Marsh, P; Wookey, PA; Street, LE; Soulsby, CTetzlaff, Doerthe; Piovano, Thea; Ala-Aho, Pertti; Smith, Aaron; Carey, Sean K.; Marsh, Philip; Wookey, Philip A.; Street, Lorna E.; Soulsby, ChrisEnglishUse of isotopes to quantify the temporal dynamics of the transformation of precipitation into run-off has revealed fundamental new insights into catchment flow paths and mixing processes that influence biogeochemical transport. However, catchments underlain by permafrost have received little attention in isotope-based studies, despite their global importance in terms of rapid environmental change. These high-latitude regions offer limited access for data collection during critical periods (e.g., early phases of snowmelt). Additionally, spatio-temporal variable freeze-thaw cycles, together with the development of an active layer, have a time variant influence on catchment hydrology. All of these characteristics make the application of traditional transit time estimation approaches challenging. We describe an isotope-based study undertaken to provide a preliminary assessment of travel times at Siksik Creek in the western Canadian Arctic. We adopted a model-data fusion approach to estimate the volumes and isotopic characteristics of snowpack and meltwater. Using samples collected in the spring/summer, we characterize the isotopic composition of summer rainfall, melt from snow, soil water, and stream water. In addition, soil moisture dynamics and the temporal evolution of the active layer profile were monitored. First approximations of transit times were estimated for soil and streamwater compositions using lumped convolution integral models and temporally variable inputs including snowmelt, ice thaw, and summer rainfall. Comparing transit time estimates using a variety of inputs revealed that transit time was best estimated using all available inflows (i.e., snowmelt, soil ice thaw, and rainfall). Early spring transit times were short, dominated by snowmelt and soil ice thaw and limited catchment storage when soils are predominantly frozen. However, significant and increasing mixing with water in the active layer during the summer resulted in more damped steam water variation and longer mean travel times (similar to 1.5years). The study has also highlighted key data needs to better constrain travel time estimates in permafrost catchments.[Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Piovano, Thea; Ala-Aho, Pertti; Smith, Aaron; Soulsby, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, Northern Rivers Inst, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland; [Tetzlaff, Doerthe] IGB Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheri, Berlin, Germany; [Tetzlaff, Doerthe] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, Berlin, Germany; [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Wookey, Philip A.] Univ Stirling, Fac Nat Sci Biol & Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland; [Street, Lorna E.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandUniversity of Aberdeen; Leibniz Institut fur Gewasserokologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB); Humboldt University of Berlin; McMaster University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Stirling; University of EdinburghTetzlaff, D (corresponding author), Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, Berlin, Germany.d.tetzlaff@igb-berlin.deAla-aho, Pertti/H-3652-2019; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/D-1818-2018; Wookey, Philip/AAA-6271-2020; Soulsby, Chris/AAR-1100-2021Ala-aho, Pertti/0000-0002-1855-5405; Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674; Wookey, Philip/0000-0001-5957-6424; Piovano, Thea Ilaria/0000-0002-2761-776XEuropean Research Council ERC [GA 335910]; Natural Environment Research Council NERC [NE/K000284/1, NE/K000268/1]; NERC [NE/K000284/2, NE/K000268/1, NE/K000217/2, NE/K000284/1] Funding Source: UKRIEuropean Research Council ERC(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Natural Environment Research Council NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))European Research Council ERC, Grant/Award Number: GA 335910; Natural Environment Research Council NERC NE/K000284/1 and NE/K000268/11012323<180 Day Usage Count>639WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.JUN 152018321219361952
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13146http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1314617Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesGK0FG30034089Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0004357831000150 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaIllisarvik, Richards Island, Mackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4421-2020
Vegetation influence and environmental controls on greenhouse gas fluxes from a drained thermokarst lake in the western Canadian Arctic
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESEDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; METHANE EMISSIONS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SHRUB ABUNDANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEURAL-NETWORK; SCALE CO2; CH4 FLUX; TUNDRA; ECOSYSTEMSkeeter, J; Christen, A; Laforce, AA; Humphreys, E; Henry, GSkeeter, June; Christen, Andreas; Laforce, Andree-Anne; Humphreys, Elyn; Henry, GregEnglishThermokarst features are widespread in ice-rich regions of the circumpolar Arctic. The rate of thermokarst lake formation and drainage is anticipated to accelerate as the climate warms. However, it is uncertain how these dynamic features impact the terrestrial Arctic carbon cycle. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured during peak growing season using eddy covariance and chambers at Illisarvik, a 0.16 km(2) thermokarst lake basin that was experimentally drained in 1978 on Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Vegetation in the basin differs markedly from the surrounding dwarf-shrub tundra and included patches of tall shrubs, grasses, and sedges with some bare ground and a small pond in the centre. During the peak growing season, temperature and wind conditions were highly variable, and soil water content decreased steadily. Basin-scaled net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance was 1.5 [CI95% +/- 0 :2] gC-CO2 m(-2) d(-1); NEE followed a marked diurnal pattern with no day-to-day trend during the study period. Variations in half-hourly NEE were primarily controlled by photosynthetic photon flux density and influenced by vapour pressure deficit, volumetric water content, and the presence of shrubs within the flux tower footprint, which varied with wind direction. Net methane exchange (NME) was low (8.7 [CI95% +/- 0 :4] mgCH(4)m(-2) d(-1)) and had little impact on the growing season carbon balance of the basin. NME displayed high spatial variability, and sedge areas in the basin were the strongest source of CH4 while upland areas outside the basin were a net sink. Soil moisture and temperature were the main environmental factors influencing NME. Presently, Illisarvik is a carbon sink during the peak growing season. However, these results suggest that rates of growing season CO2 and CH4 exchange rates may change as the basin's vegetation community continues to evolve.[Skeeter, June; Henry, Greg] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada; [Christen, Andreas] Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Fac Environm & Nat Resources, Environm Meteorol, Freiburg, Germany; [Laforce, Andree-Anne; Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; University of Freiburg; Carleton UniversitySkeeter, J (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada.skeeter1@mail.ubc.caChristen, Andreas/I-6037-2012Christen, Andreas/0000-0003-3864-1703Canada Foundation for Innovation - IF 2015 [33600]; NSERC Discovery Grants Program [RGPIN-2017-03958]; NSERC Discovery Grants - Northern Research Supplement [RGPNS-503529]; NSERC Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplement [RGPAS-507854]Canada Foundation for Innovation - IF 2015(Canada Foundation for Innovation); NSERC Discovery Grants Program; NSERC Discovery Grants - Northern Research Supplement; NSERC Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator SupplementThis research has been supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation - IF 2015 (grant no. 33600), NSERC Discovery Grants Program (grant no. RGPIN-2017-03958), NSERC Discovery Grants - Northern Research Supplement (grant no. RGPNS-503529), and NSERC Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplement (grant no. RGPAS-507854).9088<180 Day Usage Count>1030COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesSEP 42020171744214441
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4421-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4421-202021Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyNO3GDGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005693720000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8c85
Warmer spring conditions increase annual methane emissions from a boreal peat landscape with sporadic permafrost
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSmethane; peatland; climate change; permafrost; soil temperature; vegetation productiviyDIGITAL REPEAT PHOTOGRAPHY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; NORTHERN; FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; THAW; COVER; PARAMETERIZATION; FRAGMENTATIONHelbig, M; Quinton, WL; Sonnentag, OHelbig, Manuel; Quinton, William L.; Sonnentag, OliverEnglishAbout a fifth of the global wetland methane emissions originate from boreal peatlands, which represent an important land cover type in boreal landscapes in the sporadic permafrost zone. There, rising air temperatures could lead to warmer spring and longer growing seasons, changing landscape methane emissions. To quantify the effect of warmer spring conditions on methane emissions of a boreal peat landscape in the sporadic permafrost zone of northwestern Canada, we analyzed four years (2013-2016) of methane fluxes measured with the eddy covariance technique and long-term (1951-2016) meteorological observations from a nearby climate station. In May, after snowmelt was complete, mean air temperatures were more than 2 degrees C warmer in 2013, 2015, and 2016 than in 2014. Mean growing season (May-August) air temperatures, in contrast, differed by less than 1 degrees C over the four years. WarmerMay air temperatures caused earlier wetland soil warming, with temperatures rising from similar to 0 degrees C to > 12 degrees C 25 to 40 days earlier and leading to similar to 6 degrees C warmer mean soil temperatures between May and June. However, from July to August, soil temperatures were similar among years. Mean May to August and annual methane emissions (6.4 g CH4 m(-2) and 9.4 g CH4 m(-2), respectively) of years with warmer spring (i.e. May) temperatures exceeded emissions during the cooler year by 20%-30% (4.5 g CH4 m(-2) and 7.2 g CH4 m(-2), respectively). Among years with warmer springs, growing season methane emissions varied little (+/- 0.5 g CH4 m(-2)). The observed interannual differences are most likely caused by a strong soil temperature control on methane fluxes and large soil temperature differences during the spring. Thus, in a warming climate, methane emissions from waterlogged boreal peat landscapes at the southern limit of permafrost are likely to increase in response to more frequent occurrences of warm springs.[Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Cote St Catherine Pavil, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; Laval University; Wilfrid Laurier University; McGill UniversityHelbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Cote St Catherine Pavil, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.manuel.helbig@umontreal.caHelbig, Manuel/H-3690-2019Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Canada Foundation for Innovation programs; Canada Research Chairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Liidlii Kue First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research Station; Jean-Marie River First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research StationFonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)(Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD)); Canada Foundation for Innovation programs(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Liidlii Kue First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research Station; Jean-Marie River First Nation of the Scotty Creek Research StationWe thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on a previous versions of the manuscript. M Helbig was funded through graduate student scholarships provided by the Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQNT) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Infrastructure funding for this research was awarded to W Quinton and O Sonnentag through various Canada Foundation for Innovation programs. Operational funding was awarded to O Sonnentag through the Canada Research Chairs and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant programs. We thank Gabriel Gosselin, Karoline Wischnewski, and Ryan Connon for their support with data collection and processing, and maintaining the measurement infrastructure. We thank Tim Moore and James King for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We are grateful for the support of the Liidlii Kue First Nation and Jean-Marie River First Nation for their support of the Scotty Creek Research Station. This study was part of the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE).581516<180 Day Usage Count>741IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV20171211
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8c85http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8c8510Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesFM4SBgold2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004150110000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoFort ProvidenceYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic71082
We Hardly Have Any Moose Around Here Anymore: Climate Change and the Barriers to Food Security in the Dehcho Region, Northwest Territories
ArticleARCTICfood security; climate change; Indigenous peoples; rural communities; subarctic; food procurement1ST NATIONS; ABORIGINAL PEOPLES; ARCTIC CANADA; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENT; IMPACTS; INUITRoss, P; Mason, CWRoss, Paulina; Mason, Courtney W.EnglishRural Indigenous communities across northern Canada are experiencing high rates of food insecurity as a result of complex constraints to accessing quality market foods and engaging in local food procurement. Climate change is impacting the ability of northern Indigenous communities to acquire, access, and utilize food that is culturally relevant and sustainable. This research examines the interconnected sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental challenges related to food security in the community of Fort Providence situated in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories. The objective of this research was to consult with community members to understand the impacts of climate change on local food procurement and to explore the myriad challenges related to food security. We utilized Indigenous methodologies to guide all aspects of the research. Evidence was collected using semi-structured interviews with Dene and Metis Elders, knowledgeable land-users, and other community members. Our research demonstrates that changing hydrological systems and ecosystems, unpredictable weather patterns, the presence of non-local harvesters, the loss of traditional knowledge, and the high costs of living in a rural northern community impact local food security. The results of this research can inform policies that reflect the needs of residents, address the distinct barriers to procuring local food, and provide a basis for understanding the complexities of food security in the Dehcho and other subarctic regions.[Ross, Paulina] Thompson Rivers Univ, Fac Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada; [Mason, Courtney W.] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Canada Res Chair Rural Livelihoods & Sustainable, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, CanadaRoss, P (corresponding author), Thompson Rivers Univ, Fac Sci, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.paulinaross10@gmail.comSocial Sciences and Research Council of Canada; Canadian Mountain Network; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern StudiesSocial Sciences and Research Council of Canada; Canadian Mountain Network; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern StudiesWe would like to recognize the community members who supported this project with their time and knowledge. This research benefitted from funding from the Social Sciences and Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Mountain Network, and the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies. This research project was also approved by a University Research Ethics for Human Subject Board (101869) and NWT Aurora Research Institute (Scientific Research License: 16358).8511<180 Day Usage Count>512ARCTIC INST N AMERCALGARYUNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA0004-08431923-1245ARCTICArcticSEP2020733368385
http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic71082http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic7108218Environmental Sciences; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyPN2QEgold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006043286000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, South SlaveSix locations in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Taiga PlainsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05457-1
Wildfire as a major driver of recent permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSNORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEASON; CARBON LOSS; CANADA; FRAMEWORK; SEVERITY; DATABASE; FORESTSGibson, CM; Chasmer, LE; Thompson, DK; Quinton, WL; Flannigan, MD; Olefeldt, DGibson, Carolyn M.; Chasmer, Laura E.; Thompson, Dan K.; Quinton, William L.; Flannigan, Mike D.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishPermafrost vulnerability to climate change may be underestimated unless effects of wildfire are considered. Here we assess impacts of wildfire on soil thermal regime and rate of thermokarst bog expansion resulting from complete permafrost thaw in western Canadian permafrost peatlands. Effects of wildfire on permafrost peatlands last for 30 years and include a warmer and deeper active layer, and spatial expansion of continuously thawed soil layers (taliks). These impacts on the soil thermal regime are associated with a tripled rate of thermokarst bog expansion along permafrost edges. Our results suggest that wildfire is directly responsible for 2200 +/- 1500 km(2) (95% CI) of thermokarst bog development in the study region over the last 30 years, representing similar to 25% of all thermokarst bog expansion during this period. With increasing fire frequency under a warming climate, this study emphasizes the need to consider wildfires when projecting future circumpolar permafrost thaw.[Gibson, Carolyn M.; Flannigan, Mike D.; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura E.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada; [Thompson, Dan K.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University of Lethbridge; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityOlefeldt, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.olefeldt@ualberta.caOlefeldt, David/E-8835-2013; Flannigan, Michael/G-6996-2015Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Thompson, Dan/0000-0003-4937-8875; Flannigan, Michael/0000-0002-9970-5363National Science and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNational Science and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; University of Alberta(University of Alberta); Northern Scientific Training ProgramWe thank Liam Heffernan, Katheryn Burd, McKenzie Kuhn, Michael Barbeau and Jessi Steinke for assistance with field work, and Gaetan Lamarre for his assistance with figure design. We acknowledge financial support for the research from the National Science and Engineering Research Council Discovery grant (RGPIN-2016-04688), the Campus Alberta Innovates Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards, and the Northern Scientific Training Program.62121123<180 Day Usage Count>3181NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.AUG 220189
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05457-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05457-19Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsGP1ZL30072751Green Published, goldYN2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004406175000170 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaSites near the Dempster HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103713
Wildfire effects on soil bacterial community and its potential functions in a permafrost region of Canada
ArticleAPPLIED SOIL ECOLOGYGeoChip 5.0K; Illumina MiSeq sequencing; Soil bacterial community composition; Bacterial functional gene structure; Canadian boreal forestORGANIC-MATTER; ACTIVE LAYER; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BURN SEVERITY; FIRE; CARBON; GROWTH; FUNGALZhou, X; Sun, H; Sietio, OM; Pumpanen, J; Heinonsalo, J; Koster, K; Berninger, FZhou, Xuan; Sun, Hui; Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Pumpanen, Jukka; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar; Berninger, FrankEnglishBoreal forests in permafrost zone store significant quantities of carbon that are readily threatened by increases in fire frequency and temperature due to climate change. Soil carbon is primarily released by microbial decomposition that is sensitive to environmental conditions. Under increasing disturbances of wildfire, there is a pressing need to understand interactions between wildfires and microbial communities, thereby to predict soil carbon dynamics. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA and GeoChip 5.0K, we compared bacterial communities and their potential functions at surface and near-surface permafrost layers across a chronosequence ( > 100 years) of burned forests in a continuous permafrost zone. Postfire soils in the Yukon and the Northwest Territories, Canada, showed a marked increase in active layer thickness. Our results showed that soil bacterial community compositions and potential functions altered in 3-year postfire forest (Fire(3)) comparing to the unburned forests. The relative abundance of Ktedonobacteria (Chloroflexi) was higher in Fire(3) surface soils, while Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria (Proteobacteria) were more abundant in unburned ones. Approximately 37% of the variation in community composition can be explained by abiotic variables, whereas only 2% by biotic variables. Potential functional genes, particularly for carbon degradation and anammox, appeared more frequent in Fire 3 than in unburned soils. Variations in functional gene pools were mainly driven by environmental factors (39%) and bacterial communities (20%; at phylum level). Unexpectedly, wildfire solely altered bacterial communities and their functional potentials of the surface layers, not the near-permafrost layers. Overall, the response of bacterial community compositions and functions to wildfire and the environment provides insights to re-evaluate the role of bacteria in decomposition.[Zhou, Xuan; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Sun, Hui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry China, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China; [Sietio, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Microbiol, POB 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; [Zhou, Xuan; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Heinonsalo, Jussi] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Syst Res, POB 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland; [Berninger, Frank] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm Sci, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; [Berninger, Frank] Zhejiang A&F Univ, State Key Lab Subtrop Silviculture, Nurturing Stn, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Helsinki; Nanjing Forestry University; Finland National Institute for Health & Welfare; University of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; University of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; University of Eastern Finland; Zhejiang A&F UniversityZhou, X (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, POB 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.xuan.zhou@helsinki.fiKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Heinonsalo, Jussi/0000-0001-8516-1388; Sietio, Outi-Maaria/0000-0003-0127-9368; , Xuan/0000-0002-3602-5870Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 165010015]; Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Chinese Scholarship Council; Academy of Finland (AKA) [294600, 286685] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Chinese Scholarship Council(China Scholarship Council); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This study was supported by grants from the Academy of Finland [grant numbers 286685, 294600, and 307222]. HS received funding as a Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor (project 165010015) and the Priority Academic Programme Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). XZ was supported through a grant from the Chinese Scholarship Council. We thank Saara Berninger for her patient field assistance, and Xuan Yu for assistance with the genomic DNA extraction.941212<180 Day Usage Count>592ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0929-13931873-0272APPL SOIL ECOLAppl. Soil Ecol.DEC2020156
103713
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103713http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.10371311Soil ScienceScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)AgricultureNE5XVhybrid, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005626750000160 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth Slave, South SlaveSites to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14641
Wildfire severity reduces richness and alters composition of soil fungal communities in boreal forests of western Canada
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYdisturbance; functional groups; global change; mycorrhizas; saprotrophs; Taiga Plains; understoryJACK PINE STANDS; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; INTERIOR ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE SEVERITY; RESILIENCE; WOOD; SUCCESSIONDay, NJ; Dunfield, KE; Johnstone, JF; Mack, MC; Turetsky, MR; Walker, XJ; White, AL; Baltzer, JLDay, Nicola J.; Dunfield, Kari E.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Mack, Michelle C.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Walker, Xanthe J.; White, Alison L.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishWildfire is the dominant disturbance in boreal forests and fire activity is increasing in these regions. Soil fungal communities are important for plant growth and nutrient cycling postfire but there is little understanding of how fires impact fungal communities across landscapes, fire severity gradients, and stand types in boreal forests. Understanding relationships between fungal community composition, particularly mycorrhizas, and understory plant composition is therefore important in predicting how future fire regimes may affect vegetation. We used an extreme wildfire event in boreal forests of Canada's Northwest Territories to test drivers of fungal communities and assess relationships with plant communities. We sampled soils from 39 plots 1 year after fire and 8 unburned plots. High-throughput sequencing (MiSeq, ITS) revealed 2,034 fungal operational taxonomic units. We found soil pH and fire severity (proportion soil organic layer combusted), and interactions between these drivers were important for fungal community structure (composition, richness, diversity, functional groups). Where fire severity was low, samples with low pH had higher total fungal, mycorrhizal, and saprotroph richness compared to where severity was high. Increased fire severity caused declines in richness of total fungi, mycorrhizas, and saprotrophs, and declines in diversity of total fungi and mycorrhizas. The importance of stand age (a surrogate for fire return interval) for fungal composition suggests we could detect long-term successional patterns even after fire. Mycorrhizal and plant community composition, richness, and diversity were weakly but significantly correlated. These weak relationships and the distribution of fungi across plots suggest that the underlying driver of fungal community structure is pH, which is modified by fire severity. This study shows the importance of edaphic factors in determining fungal community structure at large scales, but suggests these patterns are mediated by interactions between fire and forest stand composition.[Day, Nicola J.; White, Alison L.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Dunfield, Kari E.; Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [White, Alison L.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Peterborough, ON, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of Guelph; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Northern Arizona University; Ministry of Natural Resources & ForestryDay, NJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada.njday.ac@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691XNorthern Scientific Training Program; National Science Foundation DEB [1542150]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NSERC DiscoveryNorthern Scientific Training Program; National Science Foundation DEB(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NSERC Discovery(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Northern Scientific Training Program; National Science Foundation DEB, Grant/Award Number: 1542150; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; NSERC Discovery914243<180 Day Usage Count>11107WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUL201925723102324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14641http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1464115Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyIL1UH30951220Green Submitted2023-03-05WOS:0004770871000110 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaChevalier Bay, Melville IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.013
Winter temperature conditions (1670-2010) reconstructed from varved sediments, western Canadian High Arctic
ArticleQUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWSLake sediments; Snow melt; Winter climate; Climate change; Sedimentology; PaleoclimatologyNORTHERN ELLESMERE-ISLAND; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; DEVON ISLAND; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LACUSTRINE VARVES; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; AUTUMN SNOWFALL; BEAR LAKE; NUNAVUTAmann, B; Lamoureux, SF; Boreux, MPAmann, Benjamin; Lamoureux, Scott F.; Boreux, Maxime P.EnglishAdvances in paleoclimatology from the Arctic have provided insights into long-term climate conditions. However, while past annual and summer temperature have received considerable research attention, comparatively little is known about winter paleoclimate. Arctic winter is of special interest as it is the season with the highest sensitivity to climate change, and because it differs substantially from summer and annual measures. Therefore, information about past changes in winter climate is key to improve our knowledge of past forced climate variability and to reduce uncertainty in climate projections. In this context, Arctic lakes with snowmelt-fed catchments are excellent potential winter climate archives. They respond strongly to snowmelt-induced runoff, and indirectly to winter temperature and snowfall conditions. To date, only a few well-calibrated lake sediment records exist, which appear to reflect site specific responses with differing reconstructions. This limits the possibility to resolve large-scale winter climate change prior the instrumental period. Here, we present a well-calibrated quantitative temperature and snowfall record for the extended winter season (November through March; NDJFM) from Chevalier Bay (Melville Island, NWT, Canadian Arctic) back to CE 1670. The coastal embayment has a large catchment influenced by nival terrestrial processes, which leads to high sedimentation rates and annual sedimentary structures (varves). Using detailed microstratigraphic analysis from two sediment cores and supported by R-XRF data, we separated the nival sedimentary units (spring snowmelt) from the rainfall units (summer) and identified subaqueous slumps. Statistical correlation analysis between the proxy data and monthly climate variables reveals that the thickness of the nival units can be used to predict winter temperature (r = 0.71, Pc < 0.01, 5-yr filter) and snowfall (r = 0.65, pc < 0.01, 5-yr filter) for the western Canadian High Arctic over the last ca. 400 years. Results reveal a strong variability in winter temperature back to CE 1670 with the coldest decades reconstructed for the period CE 1800-1880, while the warmest decades and major trends are reconstructed for the period CE 1880-1930 (0.26 degrees C/decade) and CE 1970-2010 (037 degrees C/decade). Although the first aim of this study was to increase the paleoclimate data coverage for the winter season, the record from Chevalier Bay also holds great potential for more applied climate research such as data-model comparisons and proxy data assimilation in climate model simulations. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Amann, Benjamin; Lamoureux, Scott F.; Boreux, Maxime P.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaQueens University - CanadaAmann, B (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.benjamin.amann@queensu.caAmann, Benjamin/0000-0002-0101-0433Swiss National Science Foundation [P2BEP2_162029]; NSERC/CRSNS [2015-05276]Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); NSERC/CRSNSThis research was carried out within the Swiss National Science Foundation grant P2BEP2_162029, and supported by NSERC/CRSNS 2015-05276. We thank K. Kathan and E. Kjikjerkovska for their early contributions to research on Chevalier Bay. Thanks to A. Normandeau, J. Fouche, G. King, and A. Rudy for fruitful discussions. Particular thanks also go to the PEARL Lab of J. Smol for access to the gamma counter, and to C. Grooms and B. Sivarajah for their help with sample preparation and dating. We would also like to acknowledge Polar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada for field logistics support. Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers are appreciated.6977<180 Day Usage Count>021PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0277-3791QUATERNARY SCI REVQuat. Sci. Rev.SEP 152017172114
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.013http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.01314Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyFI2ND2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004117747000010 N IncludedScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveLakes near Yellowknife and Con MineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0052
Algal responses to metal(loid) pollution, urbanization, and climatic changes in subarctic lakes around Yellowknife, Canada
Article; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEdiatoms; gold mining; multiple stressor legacies; Northwest Territories; paleolimnology; gieDIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; TRACKING EUTROPHICATION; SPATIAL GRADIENT; METAL POLLUTION; REGIME SHIFTS; GOLD ORE; COMMUNITIES; CYCLOTELLA; MINE; CONTAMINATIONSivarajah, B; Korosi, JB; Thienpont, JR; Kimpe, LE; Blais, JM; Smol, JPSivarajah, Branaavan; Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.; Smol, John P.EnglishThe lakes around Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada) have been impacted by multiple environmental stressors throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. Here, we have synthesized diatom assemblage data from ten lake sediment cores from the Yellowknife area and used a landscape-scale paleolimnological approach to investigate the cumulative impacts of past gold mining activities, urbanization, and climate warming on aquatic biota. Our investigations indicated that diatom species turnover (measured using detrended canonical correspondence analysis) was highest at lakes closer to the city and mines, as these sites were more severely impacted by land-use changes (e.g., sewage disposal, run-off from waste disposal sites) and roaster stack emission from the gold mines. Diatom assemblage shifts indicative of climate-induced changes to lake thermal properties were also observed across the gradient of human activities. The inclusion of remote sites was useful to disentangle the effects of climate-mediated changes from impacts related to mining and urbanization. This investigation suggests that the diatom assemblages of the lakes around Yellowknife have changed markedly over the last similar to 80 years and there are no signs of biological recovery since the cessation of mining activities around the turn of the 21st century. The biota of the subarctic lakes around Yellowknife are now strongly influenced by climate-mediated changes to lake thermal properties and the urban lakes are also influenced by the legacies of past land-use changes.[Sivarajah, Branaavan; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Korosi, Jennifer B.; Thienpont, Joshua R.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Kimpe, Linda E.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Lab Anal Nat & Synthet Environm Toxicants, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaQueens University - Canada; York University - Canada; University of OttawaSivarajah, B (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.branaavan.sivarajah@gmail.comBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Sivarajah, Branaavan/0000-0002-3739-4299; Smol, John/0000-0002-2499-6696; Thienpont, Joshua/0000-0003-1856-8756Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Polar Continental Shelf Program grants; NSERC; W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program grants; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research; Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis research was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Strategic Grant and Polar Continental Shelf Program grants to Jules M. Blais and John P. Smol, a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship to Jennifer B. Korosi, as well as an NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship, W. Garfield Weston Scholarship for Northern Research (doctoral), and Northern Scientific Training Program to Branaavan Sivarajah.9400<180 Day Usage Count>22CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0052http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-00522022-06-01 00:00:0016Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics5A4QTgold2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0008628743000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktukNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0035
Climatic drivers of limnological change in Iqallukvik Lake, Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories, Canada
Article; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEpaleolimnology; coastal lakes; climate change; ArcticBEAUFORT SEA; MACKENZIE DELTA; STORM-SURGE; SEDIMENTS; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; DIATOMS; PERMAFROST; CARBONATE; EROSIONGruia, SA; Thienpont, JR; Coleman, KA; Korosi, JBGruia, Sorin-Alexandru; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Coleman, Kristen A.; Korosi, Jennifer B.EnglishThe Tuktoyaktuk coastlands contain thousands of lakes along an area of the Beaufort Sea in the rapidly changing western Arctic. These lakes may be susceptible to a range of impacts associated with climate warming, including potential increased marine influence changes associatedwith reduced lake ice cover and thawing permafrost. We examined a 210Pb-dated sediment core from Iqallukvik Lake to reconstruct ecosystem changes over the last several hundred years using sediment particle size analysis and diatom subfossils. Changes in sediment texture over the past -200 years were broadly aligned with inferred changes in regional precipitation, known to be an important driver of regional lake level in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands. Diatoms were functionally absent at the bottom of the sediment core, but increased after -1850, likely in response to early warming, with further floristic changes due to accelerated warming over the last century. Diatoms throughout the core are predominantly freshwater species tolerant of broad salinity concentrations, indicating that Iqallukvik Lake is likely subject to minimal direct marine influence and has not been impacted by notable inundation over the recent past. Overall, this research suggests that climate impacts Iqallukvik Lake mainly on the length of the ice-free season.[Gruia, Sorin-Alexandru; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Coleman, Kristen A.; Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaYork University - CanadaThienpont, JR (corresponding author), York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.jthienpo@yorku.caThienpont, Joshua/0000-0003-1856-8756NSERC USRA; NSERC Discovery GrantNSERC USRA(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))We thank Shaun Cormier and the Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation for initiating the research on Iqallukvik Lake and providing information about the area. We thank Dr. Emily Stewart, Brad Auger, Grace Hoskin, Erwin Elias, and Noel Raymond for field and logistical assistance. We thank York University's Lassonde School of Engineering for access to the particle size analyzer. The Polar Continental Shelf Program provided logistical support for helicopter sampling. This research was funded by an NSERC USRA to S-AG and an NSERC Discovery Grant to JBK. This research was conducted under Aurora Research Institute scientific licence #16516.6400<180 Day Usage Count>55CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0035http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-00352022-08-01 00:00:0010Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics4X2IFgold2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0008606706000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2144699
Limnology and diatom ecology of shallow lakes in a rapidly thawing discontinuous permafrost peatland
Article; Early AccessINLAND WATERSchannel fens; climate change; collapse scars; DOC; high-resolution data; lake browningDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LONG-TERM CHANGES; CLIMATE; WATER; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; MERCURY; COMPLEX; MATTERColeman, KA; Hoskin, GN; Chasmer, L; Thienpont, JR; Quinton, WL; Korosi, JBColeman, Kristen A.; Hoskin, Grace N.; Chasmer, Laura; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Quinton, William L.; Korosi, Jennifer B.EnglishLakes in discontinuous permafrost peatlands are on the front lines of climate change, sensitive to even modest increases in air temperature. The aim of this study was to provide the first limnological characterization of shallow (similar to 1-2 m depth) lakes in the Scotty Creek basin (Northwest Territories, Canada), a field site of circumpolar significance due to the existence of long-term ecohydrological monitoring going back decades. We use this previous work as a foundation to advance our process-based understanding of the potential drivers of lake ecosystem change. Our results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and lake color were not correlated, a pattern that seems to be an important driver of diatom (siliceous single-celled algae) assemblages in these lakes. Diatoms in the study lakes tended to fall into 1 of 2 assemblage clusters. One cluster, composed of small benthic Fragilariaceae and small Navicula species (sensu lato), was found associated with higher lake color; the second cluster, composed of Encyonopsis and large Navicula species, was found associated with high DOC, lower color, and the presence of a benthic moss mat. From this finding, we suggest that DOC quality is a primary control on lake ecology in this region for its role in controlling light penetration to the lake bottom. Our hypothesis that the prevalence of nearshore fens and collapse scar wetlands would be important drivers of DOC was not supported in the 9 study lakes with available data to map shoreline features.[Coleman, Kristen A.; Hoskin, Grace N.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Korosi, Jennifer B.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Chasmer, Laura] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Coleman, Kristen A.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaYork University - Canada; University of Lethbridge; Wilfrid Laurier University; York University - CanadaColeman, KA (corresponding author), York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.kcoleman@yorku.ca6500<180 Day Usage Count>11TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND2044-20412044-205XINLAND WATERSInland Waters
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.2144699http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2022.21446992023-01-01 00:00:0017Limnology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology9B4KO2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0009347076000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2515
Long-term trends in wetland event response with permafrost thaw-induced landscape transition and hummock development
Article; Early AccessECOHYDROLOGYlandscape change; microtopography; rainfall response; recession coefficient; transition wetlandsDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; SCOTTY CREEK; CLIMATE; CONNECTIVITY; PEATLANDS; PATTERNS; FEEDBACK; RATES; NWTHaynes, KM; Frederick, I; Disher, B; Carpino, O; Quinton, WLHaynes, Kristine M.; Frederick, Ian; Disher, Brenden; Carpino, Olivia; Quinton, William L.EnglishNorthwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost landscape is transitioning rapidly due to permafrost thaw, with the conversion of elevated, forested peat plateaus to low-lying, treeless wetlands. Increasing hydrological connectivity leads to partial drainage of previously isolated wetlands, which subsequently develop hummock-hollow microtopography. Ultimately, the ecohydrological feedbacks associated with climate-driven permafrost thaw have led to the expansion of treed wetlands in plateau-wetland complexes. Field research and aerial imagery analyses were conducted at the Scotty Creek Research Station, Northwest Territories, to examine the development of hummock terrain over time and the resultant impacts on the hydrological response of wetlands connected to the basin drainage network. The area of peat plateaus underlain by permafrost declined between 2010 and 2018. The total area of hummock terrain increased in the basin in the same time period, with an overall decrease in the hummock perimeter-to-area ratio as small individual hummocks increased in size and aggregated into larger hummock complexes occupied by re-establishing trees. With the development and expansion of hummock terrain, the tortuosity of flowpaths draining wetlands increased. The average wetland water level recession constants following precipitation events became shorter over the 15 year period of record (2003-2017). The average time of water level rise in response to precipitation events decreased over time, as precipitation was directed quickly to runoff. As permafrost thaw reduces the cover of peat plateaus in exchange for increased wetland area, the presence of treed wetlands appears to be transitioning plateau-wetland complexes into permafrost-free forest, facilitated by the growth of hummock terrain. Permafrost thaw-induced wetland transition triggers ecohydrological feedbacks with the potential to alter the availability and sustainability of freshwater resources.[Haynes, Kristine M.; Frederick, Ian; Disher, Brenden; Carpino, Olivia; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Haynes, Kristine M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityHaynes, KM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.khaynes@wlu.caArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)ArcticNet; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada4000<180 Day Usage Count>22WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1936-05841936-0592ECOHYDROLOGYEcohydrology
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.2515http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.25152022-12-01 00:00:0014Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources7C2NP2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0008996552000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveBurned sample plots to the north, west, and south of Great Slave Lake, located in the discontinuous permafrost zoneNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00772-7
Material Legacies and Environmental Constraints Underlie Fire Resilience of a Dominant Boreal Forest Type
Article; Early AccessECOSYSTEMSBoreal forest; Drought; Pinus banksiana; Populus tremuloides; Seed limitation; Seedbed; Taiga plains; Taiga shield; Vegetation change; WildfireSEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; TREE RECRUITMENT; BURN SEVERITY; PICEA-MARIANA; BLACK SPRUCE; WHITE SPRUCE; CLIMATE; WILDFIREDay, NJ; Johnstone, JF; Reid, KA; Cumming, SG; Mack, MC; Turetsky, MR; Walker, XJ; Baltzer, JLDay, Nicola J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Reid, Kirsten A.; Cumming, Steven G.; Mack, Michelle C.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishResilience of plant communities to disturbance is supported by multiple mechanisms, including ecological legacies affecting propagule availability, species' environmental tolerances, and biotic interactions. Understanding the relative importance of these mechanisms for plant community resilience supports predictions of where and how resilience will be altered with disturbance. We tested mechanisms underlying resilience of forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) to fire disturbance across a heterogeneous forest landscape in the Northwest Territories, Canada. We combined surveys of naturally regenerating seedlings at 219 burned plots with experimental manipulations of ecological legacies via seed addition of four tree species and vertebrate exclosures to limit granivory and herbivory at 30 plots varying in moisture and fire severity. Black spruce recovery was greatest where it dominated pre-fire, at wet sites with deep residual soil organic layers, and fire conditions of low soil or canopy combustion and longer return intervals. Experimental addition of seed indicated all species were seed-limited, emphasizing the importance of propagule legacies. Black spruce and birch (Betula papyrifera) recruitment were enhanced with vertebrate exclusion. Our combination of observational and experimental studies demonstrates black spruce is vulnerable to effects of increased fire activity that erode ecological legacies. Moreover, black spruce relies on wet areas with deep soil organic layers where other species are less competitive. However, other species can colonize these areas if enough seed is available or soil moisture is altered by climate change. Testing mechanisms underlying species' resilience to disturbance aids predictions of where vegetation will transform with effects of climate change.[Day, Nicola J.; Reid, Kirsten A.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Yukon Univ, YukonU Res Ctr, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Cumming, Steven G.] Univ Laval, Dept Sci Bois & Foret, Fac Foresterie Geog & Geomat, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Reid, Kirsten A.] Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Victoria University Wellington; Yukon University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Laval University; Northern Arizona University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Memorial University NewfoundlandDay, NJ (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Day, NJ (corresponding author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.njday.ac@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; Mack, Michelle/0000-0003-1279-4242; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Reid, Kirsten/0000-0002-8373-336XCAUL; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); Mack-01; Royal Society Te Aparangi; Northern Scientific Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [170]; National Science Foundation DEB RAPID [1542150]CAUL; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); Mack-01; Royal Society Te Aparangi; Northern Scientific Training Program; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; National Science Foundation DEB RAPIDOpen Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Mack-01, Royal Society Te Aparangi, Northern Scientific Training Program, Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program, Project 170, National Science Foundation DEB RAPID, 1542150.8811<180 Day Usage Count>47SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystems
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00772-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-022-00772-7JUN 202218EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology2N8KEhybrid2023-03-05WOS:0008186215000020 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk, Tuktoyaktuk IslandNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0101
Mechanisms, volumetric assessment, and prognosis for rapid coastal erosion of Tuktoyaktuk Island, an important natural barrier for the harbour and community
Article; Early AccessCANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCESerosion; permafrost; Arctic; climate change; communityWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST BLUFFS; RICHARDS ISLAND; YUKON COAST; STORM-SURGE; SEA-ICE; EVOLUTIONWhalen, D; Forbes, DL; Kostylev, V; Lim, M; Fraser, P; Nedimovic, MR; Stuckey, SWhalen, D.; Forbes, D. L.; Kostylev, V.; Lim, M.; Fraser, P.; Nedimovic, M. R.; Stuckey, S.EnglishThe coastline of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) in the Mackenzie-Beaufort region of the western Canadian Arctic is characterised by rapid erosion of ice-bonded sediments with abundant excess ground ice, resulting in widespread thermal and mechanical process interactions in the shore zone. Coastal communities within the ISR are acutely aware of the rapidly eroding coastline and its impacts on infrastructure, subsistence activities, cultural or ancestral sites, and natural habitats. Tuktoyaktuk Island is a large natural barrier protecting the harbour and surrounding community from exposure to waves. It is threatened by coastal erosion, a better understanding of which will inform adaptation strategies. Using histor-ical and recent aerial imagery, high-resolution digital elevation models, cliff geomorphology, stratigraphy, and sedimentol-ogy, including ground-ice content, this study documents erosional processes, recession rates, volume losses, and sediment delivery since 1947 and projected into the future. Erosion along the northwest-facing (exposed) cliff, primarily by thermo-abrasional undercutting and block failure, has accelerated since 2000 to a mean of 1.80 +/- 0.02 m/year, a 22% increase over the previous 15 years and 14% faster than 1947-2000. Lower recession rates on the harbour side of the island increased more than two-fold. Projection of future shoreline vectors by extrapolation, using the post-2000 accelerated coastal recession rates at 284 transects, points to breaching of this vital natural harbour barrier by 2044, after which rapid realignment is expected to occur as the new inlet evolves. Further acceleration of rates, as seems highly likely, brings the breaching date closer.[Whalen, D.; Forbes, D. L.; Kostylev, V.; Fraser, P.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Whalen, D.; Forbes, D. L.; Nedimovic, M. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Lim, M.] Northumbria Univ, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England; [Stuckey, S.] Hamlet Tuktoyaktuk, Tuktoyaktuk, NT, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Dalhousie University; Northumbria UniversityWhalen, D (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.;Whalen, D (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.Dustin.Whalen@Canada.caLim, Michael/0000-0002-6507-6773Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada); NERC Arctic Office UK-Canada Bursary scheme; CIRNAC BRSEA; CIRNAC CCPN; Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada); Transport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative: NTAI); community of Tuktoyaktuk; Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation; Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee; [15607]; [15915]; [16073]; [16286]Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada); NERC Arctic Office UK-Canada Bursary scheme; CIRNAC BRSEA; CIRNAC CCPN; Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada)(Natural Resources Canada); Transport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative: NTAI); community of Tuktoyaktuk; Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation; Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee; ; ; ; The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Climate Change Geoscience Program (Natural Resources Canada) , the NERC Arctic Office UK-Canada Bursary scheme, CIRNAC BRSEA, CIRNAC CCPN, the Polar Continental Shelf Program (Natural Resources Canada) , and Transport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative: NTAI) . We are grateful to the field crews, community members, and NRCan staff who worked on this project during the 2013-2018 field surveys, in particular Jeremy Bentley, Angus Robertson, Patrick Potter, and Eric Patton for their contributions to the field logistics, data collection, and processing. We also acknowledge the community of Tuktoyaktuk, the Tuktoyaktuk Community Corporation, and the Tuktoyaktuk Hunters and Trappers Committee for their continued support. Permitting for this project fell under the NWT Science Licences 15607, 15915, 16073, and 16286. Inuvialuit land administration land use permit: ILA18TN005. This is Natural Resources Canada contribution 20210176 (Canadian Crown copyright reserved) .10200<180 Day Usage Count>11CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0008-40771480-3313CAN J EARTH SCICan. J. Earth Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0101http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-01012022-08-01 00:00:0016Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology6J1FZhybrid2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0008865756000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0127
Subsidence drives habitat loss in a large permafrost delta, Mackenzie River outlet to the Beaufort Sea, western Arctic
Article; Early AccessCANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCESArctic delta; coastal submergence; consolidation subsidence; high-latitude coast; climate change impacts; sea-level rise; Pagination not final (cite DOI); Pagination provisoire (citer le DOI)SURFACE GROUND-ICE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; STORM-SURGE; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; HIGH-LATITUDE; WATER-LEVELS; SEDIMENTATION; REGION; STRATIGRAPHY; COMPACTIONForbes, DL; Craymer, MR; James, TS; Whalen, DForbes, D. L.; Craymer, M. R.; James, T. S.; Whalen, D.EnglishThe Mackenzie Delta is an extensive river-mouth depocentre, the second largest delta on the Arctic Ocean, and lies in the zone of continuous permafrost. We report the first measurements of natural consolidation subsidence in a highlatitude delta with ice-bonded sediments. Several years of episodic GPS records on a network of 15 stable monuments throughout the central and outer delta reveal downward motion between 1.5 ?? 0.7 and 5.3 ?? 1.1 mm/year relative to a nearby monument on bedrock. Additional shallow subsidence results from loss of near-surface excess ice with deeper seasonal thaw in a warming climate. Isostatic adjustment is a third component of subsidence, captured in the NAD83v70VG crustal velocity model. Sedimentation rates over much of the outer delta are less than the rate of subsidence combined with rising sea level. Scenarios for future inundation are evaluated using interpolated IPCC AR5 projections, NAD83v70VG, and a LiDAR DEM with realistic consolidation, thaw subsidence, and sedimentation rates, on time scales of 40 and 90 years. These reveal increases in area flooded at mean water level from 33% in 2010 to 65% or as much as 85% in 2100, depending on the emissions scenario, driving delta-front retreat and removing a large proportion of avian nesting habitat. The three components of subsidence together increase the relative sea-level rise by a factor of two to eight, depending on the scenario. Consolidation subsidence may also contribute to rising low-flow water levels in the central delta, increasing river-lake connectivity, with negative impacts on aquatic biodiversity and productivity.[Forbes, D. L.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Forbes, D. L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada; [Forbes, D. L.; Whalen, D.] Dalhousie Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Craymer, M. R.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Geodet Survey, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y2, Canada; [James, T. S.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada; [James, T. S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Whalen, D.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Memorial University Newfoundland; Dalhousie University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Surveyor General Branch - Geomatics Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaForbes, DL (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.;Forbes, DL (corresponding author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.;Forbes, DL (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.donald.forbes@nrcan-rncan.gc.caClimate Change Geoscience Program; Office of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada); Government of Canada ministries (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the former Indian and Northern Affairs Canada); ArcticNet Network of Centres of ExcellenceClimate Change Geoscience Program; Office of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada); Government of Canada ministries (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the former Indian and Northern Affairs Canada); ArcticNet Network of Centres of ExcellenceThis work was funded by the Climate Change Geoscience Program and the Office of Energy Research and Development (Natural Resources Canada) and by other Government of Canada ministries (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the former Indian and Northern Affairs Canada) , and by the ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence. Logistical support from the Polar Continental Shelf Program, Aurora Research Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Chevron Canada Ltd., MGM Energy Corp., and other partners is gratefully acknowledged. The results presented here would not have been possible without the extraordinary field contributions of J.-C. Lavergne (Natural Resources Canada) . Other colleagues, notably Gavin Manson, Nicole Couture, Gwyn Lintern, Paul Fraser, Phil Marsh, and the late Steven Solomon contributed to our work in the outer delta. We owe a debt of gratitude to George Lennie (formerly of Water Survey of Canada, Inuvik) for his advice, field support, and knowledge of the delta. Our thanks to Chris Hopkinson (University of Lethbridge) and former staff at the Applied Geomatics Research Group (Nova Scotia Community College) for acquisition and processing of the 2008 LiDAR data. We are grateful to two journal reviewers for their constructive comments, which substantially improved the manuscript. This is a contribution to Future Earth Coasts and is Natural Resources Canada contribution 20210607.10200<180 Day Usage Count>23CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0008-40771480-3313CAN J EARTH SCICan. J. Earth Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0127http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-01272022-03-01 00:00:0021Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology1M9SFhybrid2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0008003040000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk coastlands, Anderson PlainNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0041
Vertical distribution of excess ice in icy sediments and its statistical estimation from geotechnical data (Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands and Anderson Plain, Northwest Territories)
Article; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEexcess ice; icy sediments; thaw strain; permafrost modelling; regression analysis; Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; SURFACE GROUND-ICE; BETA REGRESSION; PERMAFROST; THAW; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; CANADA; SHEET; MELTCastagner, A; Brenning, A; Gruber, S; Kokelj, SVCastagner, A.; Brenning, A.; Gruber, S.; Kokelj, S. V.EnglishExcess ice, found as massive ice and within icy sediments, is an important variable to quantify as it is a dominant control on the terrain and geotechnical response to permafrost thaw. A large amount of permafrost borehole data are available from the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands; however, field geotechnical assessments typically only involve the estimation of visible ice. To add significant value to these data sets, a cryostratigraphic data set collected along the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway (566 boreholes) is used to develop a beta regression model which predicts the excess ice content of icy sediments based on interval depth, visible ice content, material type, and Quaternary deposits. The resulting predictions are compared to recorded massive ice intervals and show that ground ice within icy sediments can contribute up to 65% of the excess ice and potential thaw strain within the first 10 m from the surface in this area. This study shows the general applicability of this approach and indicates that comparable, quantitative data on ground ice conditions should be collected with drilling programs to derive geotechnical variables and reduce modelling uncertainties so that ground ice data are available for quantitative analysis.[Castagner, A.; Gruber, S.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Brenning, A.] Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Jena, Germany; [Kokelj, S. V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaCarleton University; Friedrich Schiller University of JenaCastagner, A (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ariane.castagner@carleton.comGovernment of Northwest Territories--Department of In-frastructure; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [521584, 4783]Government of Northwest Territories--Department of In-frastructure; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)The authors would like to thank colleagues at the Northwest Territories Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada and Government of Northwest Territories--Department of Infrastructure, and logistical support from the Aurora Research Institute. Specifically, we would like to thank Tim Ensom and Peter Morse for their role in the collection and analysis of Sentinel (training) data and Jason Paul for helping ensure the reproducibility of our methods. We acknowledge support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada via Strategic Project #521584 and Discovery Grant #4783. Finally, the authors would like to thank two anony-mous reviewers as well as Julian Murton and Antoni Lewkowicz for their valuable feedback which helped to improve this manuscript.5600<180 Day Usage Count>00CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0041http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-00412022-11-01 00:00:0014Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics8X0QAgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0009317245000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllForested montoring sites in the Mackenzie Valley, and burn sites near Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4c1e
Bottom-up drivers of future fire regimes in western boreal North America
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSUVAFME; boreal forest; climate change; wildfire; disturbance; fire self-limitation; individual-based modelCLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; INITIATION; ALLOMETRY; LIMITSFoster, AC; Shuman, JK; Rogers, BM; Walker, XJ; Mack, MC; Bourgeau-Chavez, LL; Veraverbeke, S; Goetz, SJFoster, Adrianna C.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Veraverbeke, Sander; Goetz, Scott J.EnglishForest characteristics, structure, and dynamics within the North American boreal region are heavily influenced by wildfire intensity, severity, and frequency. Increasing temperatures are likely to result in drier conditions and longer fire seasons, potentially leading to more intense and frequent fires. However, an increase in deciduous forest cover is also predicted across the region, potentially decreasing flammability. In this study, we use an individual tree-based forest model to test bottom-up (i.e. fuels) vs top-down (i.e. climate) controls on fire activity and project future forest and wildfire dynamics. The University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced is an individual tree-based forest model that has been successfully updated and validated within the North American boreal zone. We updated the model to better characterize fire ignition and behavior in relation to litter and fire weather conditions, allowing for further interactions between vegetation, soils, fire, and climate. Model output following updates showed good agreement with combustion observations at individual sites within boreal Alaska and western Canada. We then applied the updated model at sites within interior Alaska and the Northwest Territories to simulate wildfire and forest response to climate change under moderate (RCP 4.5) and extreme (RCP 8.5) scenarios. Results suggest that changing climate will act to decrease biomass and increase deciduous fraction in many regions of boreal North America. These changes are accompanied by decreases in fire probability and average fire intensity, despite fuel drying, indicating a negative feedback of fuel loading on wildfire. These simulations demonstrate the importance of dynamic fuels and dynamic vegetation in predicting future forest and wildfire conditions. The vegetation and wildfire changes predicted here have implications for large-scale changes in vegetation composition, biomass, and wildfire severity across boreal North America, potentially resulting in further feedbacks to regional and even global climate and carbon cycling.[Foster, Adrianna C.; Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Foster, Adrianna C.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [Rogers, Brendan M.] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA; [Veraverbeke, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNorthern Arizona University; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; Michigan Technological University; Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamFoster, AC (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.;Foster, AC (corresponding author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.afoster@ucar.eduGoetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Foster, Adrianna/0000-0002-7382-0013; Shuman, Jacquelyn/0000-0003-2588-2161NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [80NSSC19M0112]; DoD SERDP [RC18-1183]; Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative FundNASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); DoD SERDP; Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative FundThis work was supported by NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant 80NSSC19M0112 and DoD SERDP contract RC18-1183. Model simulations were run on Northern Arizona University's Monsoon computing cluster, funded by Arizona's Technology and Research Initiative Fund. We thank Environment and Climate Change Canada for their generous permission to use Canadian Lightning Detection Network data.5655<180 Day Usage Count>1731IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.FEB 12022172
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4c1ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4c1e14Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesYO6LKGreen Published, gold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007480503000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveGwich'in Settlement Region, area surrounding Great Slave LakeNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc0ba
Denning phenology and reproductive success of wolves in response to climate signals
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSreproduction; Canis; canid; carnivore; demography; trophic mismatchGRAY WOLVES; LIFE-HISTORY; CANIS-LUPUS; POLAR BEARS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CARIBOU; SURVIVAL; SELECTION; PATTERNS; PREYMahoney, PJ; Joly, K; Borg, BL; Sorum, MS; Rinaldi, TA; Saalfeld, D; Golden, H; Latham, ADM; Kelly, AP; Mangipane, B; Koizumi, CL; Neufeld, L; Hebblewhite, M; Boelman, NT; Prugh, LRMahoney, Peter J.; Joly, Kyle; Borg, Bridget L.; Sorum, Mathew S.; Rinaldi, Todd A.; Saalfeld, David; Golden, Howard; Latham, A. David M.; Kelly, Allicia P.; Mangipane, Buck; Koizumi, Catherine Lambert; Neufeld, Layla; Hebblewhite, Mark; Boelman, Natalie T.; Prugh, Laura R.EnglishArctic and boreal ecosystems are experiencing rapid changes in temperature and precipitation regimes. Subsequent shifts in seasonality can lead to a mismatch between the timing of resource availability and species' life-history events, known as phenological or trophic mismatch. Although mismatch has been shown to negatively affect some northern animal populations, longer-term impacts across large regions remain unknown. In addition, animals may rely on climate cues during preceding seasons to time key life history events such as reproduction, but the reliability of these cues as indicators of subsequent resource availability has not been examined. We used remote sensing and gridded spatial data to evaluate the effect of climate factors on the reproductive phenology and success of a wide-ranging carnivore, the gray wolf (Canis lupus). We used global positioning system (GPS) location data from 388 wolves to estimate den initiation dates (n = 227 dens within 106 packs) and reproductive success in eight populations across northwestern North America from 2000 to 2017. Spring onset shifted 14.2 d earlier, on average, during the 18-year period, but the regional mean date of denning did not change. Preceding winter temperature was the strongest climatic predictor of denning phenology, with higher temperatures advancing the timing of denning. Winter temperature was also one the strongest and most reliable indicators of the timing of spring onset. Reproductive success was not affected by timing of denning or synchrony with spring onset, but improved during cooler summers and following relatively dry autumns. Our findings highlight a disconnect between climate factors that affect phenology and those that affect demography, suggesting that carnivores may be resilient to shifts in seasonality and yet sensitive to weather conditions affecting their prey at both local and regional scales. These insights regarding the relationship between climate and carnivore demography should improve predictions of climate warming effects on the highest trophic levels.[Mahoney, Peter J.; Prugh, Laura R.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, 114 Winkenwerder Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Joly, Kyle; Sorum, Mathew S.] Natl Pk Serv, Yukon Charley Rivers Natl Preserve, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; [Borg, Bridget L.] Natl Pk Serv, Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA; [Borg, Bridget L.; Sorum, Mathew S.] Natl Pk Serv, Cent Alaska Inventory & Monitoring Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; [Rinaldi, Todd A.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Palmer, AK 99645 USA; [Saalfeld, David; Golden, Howard] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA; [Latham, A. David M.] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand; [Kelly, Allicia P.] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Box 900, Ft Smith, NT X0E 0P0, Canada; [Mangipane, Buck] Natl Pk Serv, Lake Clark Natl Pk & Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK 99653 USA; [Koizumi, Catherine Lambert] Gwichin Renewable Resources Board, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Neufeld, Layla] Govt Canada, Jasper Natl Pk Canada, Jasper, AB T0E 1E0, Canada; [Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Boelman, Natalie T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USAUniversity of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of the Interior; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Landcare Research - New Zealand; United States Department of the Interior; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Columbia UniversityMahoney, PJ (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, 114 Winkenwerder Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.pmahoney29@gmail.comHebblewhite, Mark/AAI-8101-2020; hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013Hebblewhite, Mark/0000-0001-5382-1361; Mahoney, Peter/0000-0003-2857-1975; Boelman, Natalie/0000-0003-3716-2372NASA Terrestrial Ecology project [NNX15AV92A, NNX15AU20A, NNX15AW71A]NASA Terrestrial Ecology projectWe thank NPS, ADFG, GNWT, and GRRB personnel for their management of animal captures and monitoring. The research and analysis described here were performed for the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), a NASA Terrestrial Ecology project, under awards to N. Boelman (NNX15AV92A), L. Prugh (NNX15AU20A), and M. Hebblewhite (NNX15AW71A).8655<180 Day Usage Count>623IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.DEC20201512
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc0bahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc0ba15Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOV6TFgold2023-03-09WOS:0005923390000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaBeaufort Delta, DehchoTrail Valley Creek, Inuvik, Scotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0188
Non-uniform growth dynamics of a dominant boreal tree species (Picea mariana) in the face of rapid climate change
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCHPicea mariana; black spruce; dendrochronology; stable carbon isotope; climate warmingBLACK SPRUCE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; FOREST; CARBON; NORTHERN; INCREASE; CO2Sniderhan, AE; Mamet, SD; Baltzer, JLSniderhan, Anastasia E.; Mamet, Steven D.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishNorthwestern Canada's boreal forest has experienced rapid warming, drying, and changes to permafrost, yet the growth responses and mechanisms driving productivity have been under-studied at broad scales. Forest responses are largely driven by black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) - the region's most widespread and dominant tree. We collected tree ring samples from four black spruce-dominated sites across 15 degrees of latitude, spanning gradients in climate and permafrost. We investigated (i) differences in growth patterns, (ii) variations in climatic drivers of growth, and (iii) trends in water use efficiency (WUE) through C-13 isotope analysis from 1945 to 2006. We found positive growth trends at all sites except those at mid-latitude, where rapid permafrost thaw drove declines. Annual growth was lowest at the tree limit site and highest at the tree line. Climatic drivers of these growth patterns varied; positive growth responses at the northerly sites were associated with warmer winters, whereas Delta C-13 trends and climate-growth responses at mid-latitude sites indicated that growth was limited by moisture availability. Delta C-13 signatures indicated increased WUE at the southernmost site, with no significant trends at northern sites. These results suggest that warming will increase the growth of trees at the northern extent of black spruce, but southerly areas may face drought stress if precipitation does not balance evapotranspiration.[Sniderhan, Anastasia E.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Sniderhan, Anastasia E.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of SaskatchewanSniderhan, AE (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.;Sniderhan, AE (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, 75 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.asniderhan@wlu.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Changing Cold Regions Network; Ontario Early Research Award; Ontario Graduate Scholarship; Northern Scientific Training Program; W. Garfield Weston Postdoctoral Fellowship in Northern Research; Global Water Futures; Wilfrid Laurier University -Government of the Northwest Territories partnership; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Changing Cold Regions Network(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Ontario Early Research Award; Ontario Graduate Scholarship(Ontario Graduate Scholarship); Northern Scientific Training Program; W. Garfield Weston Postdoctoral Fellowship in Northern Research; Global Water Futures; Wilfrid Laurier University -Government of the Northwest Territories partnership; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Funding for this research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Changing Cold Regions Network and a Discovery Grant to J.L.B. and an Ontario Early Research Award to J.L.B. Author A.E.S. was funded by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship and the Northern Scientific Training Program. Author S.D.M. was supported by a W. Garfield Weston Postdoctoral Fellowship in Northern Research. Global Water Futures supported the development of this manuscript. Research was conducted under the NWT Scientific Research License No. 15413. We are grateful for the support provided by the Wilfrid Laurier University -Government of the Northwest Territories partnership. Thank you to J. Bernard, M. Fafard, M. Horachek, G. Lynch, G. McNickle, K. Reid, C. Wallace, and A. Truchon-Savard for help in collecting data for this study. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their comments and to K. Dearborn and R. Alfaro-Sanchez for providing feedback on thismanuscript.4655<180 Day Usage Count>23CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0045-50671208-6037CAN J FOREST RESCan. J. For. Res.APR2021514565572
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0188http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-01888ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryRM2KG2023-03-05WOS:0006394929000060 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllMackenzie River basinYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137400
One-Size Does Not Fit All-A Networked Approach to Community-Based Monitoring in Large River Basins
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYenvironmental change; indicators; Indigenous knowledge; community-based monitoring; watersheds; Mackenzie River Basin; CanadaTRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; WATER-QUALITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CITIZEN SCIENCE; CARIBOU; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; FISHERIES; UNCERTAINTY; GOVERNANCEParlee, B; Huntington, H; Berkes, F; Lantz, T; Andrew, L; Tsannie, J; Reece, C; Porter, C; Nicholson, V; Peter, S; Simmons, D; Michell, H; Lepine, M; Maclean, B; Ahkimnachie, K; King, LJ; Napoleon, A; Hogan, J; Lam, J; Hynes, K; Storr, JD; Lord, S; Low, M; Lockhart, J; Giroux, D; Tollis, M; Lowe, L; Maloney, E; Howlett, TParlee, Brenda; Huntington, Henry; Berkes, Fikret; Lantz, Trevor; Andrew, Leon; Tsannie, Joseph; Reece, Cleo; Porter, Corinne; Nicholson, Vera; Peter, Sharon; Simmons, Deb; Michell, Herman; Lepine, Melody; Maclean, Bruce; Ahkimnachie, Kevin; King, Lauren J.; Napoleon, Art; Hogan, Joella; Lam, Jen; Hynes, Kristin; Storr, J. D.; Lord, Sarah; Low, Mike; Lockhart, Jeanette; Giroux, Diane; Tollis, Mike; Lowe, Lana; Maloney, Elaine; Howlett, TracyEnglishMonitoring methods based on Indigenous knowledge have the potential to contribute to our understanding of large watersheds. Research in large, complex, and dynamic ecosystems suggests a participatory approach to monitoring-that builds on the diverse knowledges, practices, and beliefs of local people-can yield more meaningful outcomes than a one-size-fits-all approach. Here we share the results of 12 community-based, participatory monitoring projects led by Indigenous governments and organizations in the Mackenzie River Basin (2015-2018). Specifically, we present and compare the indicators and monitoring methods developed by each of these community-based cases to demonstrate the specificity of place, culture, and context. A scalar analysis of these results suggests that the combination of core (common) indicators used across the basin, coupled with others that are meaningful at local level, create a methodological bricolage-a mix of tools, methods, and rules-in-use that are fit together. Our findings, along with those of sister projects in two other major watersheds (Amazon, Mekong), confront assumptions that Indigenous-led community-based monitoring efforts are too local to offer insights about large-scale systems. In summary, a networked approach to community-based monitoring that can simultaneously engage with local- and watershed-level questions of social and ecological change can address gaps in knowledge. Such an approach can create both practices and outcomes that are useful to local peoples as well as to those engaged in basin-wide governance.[Parlee, Brenda; Maloney, Elaine; Howlett, Tracy] Univ Alberta, Dept Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Huntington, Henry] Huntington Consulting, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA; [Berkes, Fikret] Univ Manitoba, Nat Resources Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, David Turpin Bldg, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Andrew, Leon; Simmons, Deb] Sahtu Renewable Resources Board, Tulita, NT X0E 0K0, Canada; [Tsannie, Joseph] Prince Alberta Grant Council, Prince Albert, SK S6V 6Z1, Canada; [Reece, Cleo] Ft McMurray First Nation, Wood Buffalo, AB T9H 4W1, Canada; [Porter, Corinne] Dena Kayeh Inst, Lower Post, BC V0C 1W0, Canada; [Nicholson, Vera; Lowe, Lana] Ft Nelson First Nation, Ft Nelson, BC V0C 1R0, Canada; [Peter, Sharon; Hogan, Joella] Nacho Nyak Dun First Nation, Mayo, YT Y0B 1M0, Canada; [Michell, Herman] First Nations Univ, Sci Dept, Regina, SK S4S 7K2, Canada; [Lepine, Melody] Mikisew Cree First Nation Govt & Ind Relat, Ft Mcmurray, AB T9H 0A2, Canada; [Maclean, Bruce] Maclean Environm Consulting, Winnipeg, MB R3L 1P9, Canada; [Ahkimnachie, Kevin] Treaty 8 First Nations Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5S 1S7, Canada; [King, Lauren J.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, SERS, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Napoleon, Art] Saulteau First Nations, Treaty 8 Terr, Moberly Lake, BC V0C 1X0, Canada; [Lam, Jen] Inuvialuit Joint Secretariat, Inuvik, NT X0E 1A0, Canada; [Hynes, Kristin] Govt Alberta, Environm Monitoring & Observat Branch, Edmonton, AB T6E 5K1, Canada; [Storr, J. D.] Aklavik Hunters & Trappers Comm, Aklavik, NT X0E 0A0, Canada; [Lord, Sarah] Gwichin Renewable Resources Board, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Low, Mike] Deh Cho First Nations, Aboriginal Aquat Resources & Oceans Management Pr, Ft Simpson, NT X0E 0N0, Canada; [Lockhart, Jeanette] Lutsel Ke Ke Dene First Nation, Lutsel Ke, NT X0E 1A0, Canada; [Giroux, Diane; Tollis, Mike] Akaitcho Terr Govt, Ft Resolution, NT X0E 0M0, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University of Manitoba; University of Victoria; University of Regina; First Nations University of Canada; University of WaterlooParlee, B (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Resource Econ & Environm Sociol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.BParlee@ualberta.ca; henryphuntington@gmail.com; berkes@umanitoba.ca; tlantz@uvic.ca; lamountaindene@theedge.ca; jtsanniejr@pagc.net; weegusk@gmail.com; denakayeh@gmail.com; nicholsonvm@gmail.com; metsua@hotmail.com; director@srrb.nt.ca; hjmichell@outlook.com; melody.lepine@mcfngir.ca; bruce@macleanconsulting.ca; kahkimnachie@treaty8.org; ljking@uwaterloo.ca; art.napoleon@gmail.com; joellalhogan@gmail.com; cpmanager@jointsec.nt.ca; kristin.hynes@gov.ab.ca; jdstorr19@hotmail.com; slord@grrb.nt.ca; jmichaellow@gmail.com; lkdfnwledclerk@gmail.com; aarom.coordinator@akaitcho.ca; aarom.technicaladvisor@akaitcho.ca; lana.lowe@fnnation.ca; elmaloney2015@gmail.com; thowlett@ualberta.caHuntington, Henry/0000-0003-2308-8677; Berkes, Fikret/0000-0001-8402-121XSocial Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC); Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT); University of AlbertaSocial Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC); Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT); University of Alberta(University of Alberta)This research was funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) and the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) and the University of Alberta with a grant to Parlee (SSHRC PG 895-2015-1024 Parlee).15500<180 Day Usage Count>114MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityJUL20211313
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137400http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1313740030Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyTF9XTgold, Green Published2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0006710685000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaBeaufort Delta, DehchoLakes near Fort McPherson and WrigleyNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000515
Opposing Effects of Climate and Permafrost Thaw on CH4 and CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes
ArticleAGU ADVANCESgreenhouse gas; aquatic; permafrost; lakes; climate warmingMETHANE EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL LAKES; ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; VARIABILITY; PEATLANDS; LANDSCAPEKuhn, MA; Thompson, LM; Winder, JC; Braga, LPP; Tanentzap, AJ; Bastviken, D; Olefeldt, DKuhn, McKenzie A.; Thompson, Lauren M.; Winder, Johanna C.; Braga, Lucas P. P.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; Bastviken, David; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishSmall, organic-rich lakes are important sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, yet the sensitivity of emissions to climate warming is poorly constrained and potentially influenced by permafrost thaw. Here, we monitored emissions from 20 peatland lakes across a 1,600 km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada. Contrary to expectations, we observed a shift from source to sink of CO2 for lakes warmer regions, driven by greater primary productivity associated with greater hydrological connectivity to lakes and nutrient availability in the absence of permafrost. Conversely, an 8-fold increase in CH4 emissions in warmer regions was associated with water temperature and shifts in microbial communities and dominant anaerobic processes. Our results suggest that the net radiative forcing from altered greenhouse gas emissions of northern peatland lakes this century will be dominated by increasing CH4 emissions and only partially offset by reduced CO2 emissions.[Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Thompson, Lauren M.; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kuhn, McKenzie A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Kuhn, McKenzie A.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Winder, Johanna C.; Braga, Lucas P. P.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge, England; [Braga, Lucas P. P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, Brazil; [Bastviken, David] Linkoping Univ, Dept Themat Studies Environm Change, Linkoping, SwedenUniversity of Alberta; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Cambridge; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Linkoping UniversityKuhn, MA (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.;Kuhn, MA (corresponding author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.;Kuhn, MA (corresponding author), Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.kuhn.mckenzie@gmail.com; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Thompson, Lauren M./0000-0002-6455-4980; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Bastviken, David/0000-0003-0038-2152; Winder, Johanna/0000-0002-7509-772X; Kuhn, McKenzie/0000-0003-3871-1548; Palma Perez Braga, Lucas/0000-0003-2789-7252Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Campus Alberta Innovates Program; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Northern Scientific Training Program, University of Alberta; UAlberta North, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; FAPESP [2018/19,247-0, 2019/24,097-0]; Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge; H2020 ERC [804673, 725546]; Swedish Research Council VR [2016-04829]; FORMAS [2018-01794]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Campus Alberta Innovates Program; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Northern Scientific Training Program, University of Alberta; UAlberta North, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; FAPESP(Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)); Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge; H2020 ERC; Swedish Research Council VR(Swedish Research Council); FORMAS(Swedish Research Council Formas)The authors wish to thank T. Elliot, M. Schmidt, M. Frederickson, R. Hutchins, and other members of the Catchment and Wetlands Sciences lab group for assistance with field and lab work. The authors thank K. Devito and E. Pugh for providing input on site selection at the Utikima Research Study Area and Carolynn Forsyth for camp facilities at the ArtisInn. Funding for this study was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Campus Alberta Innovates Program, and the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program. M. A. Kuhn received support from the Northern Scientific Training Program, University of Alberta and UAlberta North, Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. L. Braga received support from FAPESP 2018/19,247-0 and 2019/24,097-0. J. C. Winder received support from the Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge, and is grateful to the Molecular Biology Service Unit in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta for allowing the use of their lab space. A. J. Tanentzap is funded by H2020 ERC Grant 804673 sEEIngDOM. D. Bastviken was funded by H2020 ERC (Grant 725546, METLAKE), Swedish Research Council VR (Grant 2016-04829), and FORMAS (Grant 2018-01794).8377<180 Day Usage Count>1533AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2576-604XAGU ADVAGU Adv.DEC202124
e2021AV000515
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021AV000515http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021AV00051516Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyXX9UDgold, Green Published2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0007366301000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllBoreal forest, burned and unburned sites to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00087
Patterns of Ecosystem Structure and Wildfire Carbon Combustion Across Six Ecoregions of the North American Boreal Forest
ArticleFRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGEboreal forest; fire; black spruce; jack pine; carbon; organic soil; bulk densitySOIL BURN SEVERITY; BLACK SPRUCE; TREE RECRUITMENT; FIRE SEVERITY; STORAGE; CLIMATE; DRIVER; ALASKA; STOCKS; SINKWalker, XJ; Baltzer, JL; Bourgeau-Chavez, L; Day, NJ; Dieleman, CM; Johnstone, JF; Kane, ES; Rogers, BM; Turetsky, MR; Veraverbeke, S; Mack, MCWalker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura; Day, Nicola J.; Dieleman, Catherine M.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Kane, Evan S.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Veraverbeke, Sander; Mack, Michelle C.EnglishIncreases in fire frequency, extent, and severity are expected to strongly impact the structure and function of boreal forest ecosystems. An important function of the boreal forest is its ability to sequester and store carbon (C). Increasing disturbance from wildfires, emitting large amounts of C to the atmosphere, may create a positive feedback to climate warming. Variation in ecosystem structure and function throughout the boreal forest is important for predicting the effects of climate warming and changing fire regimes on C dynamics. In this study, we compiled data on soil characteristics, stand structure, pre-fire C pools, C loss from fire, and the potential drivers of these C metrics from 527 sites distributed across six ecoregions of North America's western boreal forests. We assessed structural and functional differences between these fire-prone ecoregions using data from 417 recently burned sites (2004-2015) and estimated ecoregion-specific relationships between soil characteristics and depth from 167 of these sites plus an additional 110 sites (27 burned, 83 unburned). We found that northern boreal ecoregions were generally older, stored and emitted proportionally more belowground than aboveground C, and exhibited lower rates of C accumulation over time than southern ecoregions. We present ecoregion-specific estimates of depth-wise soil characteristics that are important for predicting C combustion from fire. As climate continues to warm and disturbance from wildfires increases, the C dynamics of these fire-prone ecoregions are likely to change with significant implications for the global C cycle and its feedbacks to climate change.[Walker, Xanthe J.; Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA; [Day, Nicola J.] Auckland Univ Technol, Sch Sci, Auckland, New Zealand; [Dieleman, Catherine M.; Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA; [Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Veraverbeke, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci Earth & Climate, Amsterdam, NetherlandsNorthern Arizona University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Michigan Technological University; Auckland University of Technology; University of Guelph; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Michigan Technological University; Woods Hole Research Center; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamWalker, XJ (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.xanthe.walker@gmail.comJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Walker, Xanthe/K-1649-2019; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Walker, Xanthe/0000-0002-2448-691X; Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant [NNX15AT71A]; United States from NSF DEB RAPID grant [1542150]; NASA Rapid Response grant [NNX15AD58G]; NASA ABoVE grant [NNX15AT83A, NNX15AU56A]; Joint Fire Science Program grant [051-2-06]; NSF [0445458, DEB-0423442]; Canada from NSERC Discovery Grant; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project [170]; NSERC PDFs; GNWT through the Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); NASA [NNX15AT83A, 802425, NNX15AT71A, 797692, 808644, NNX15AD58G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant; United States from NSF DEB RAPID grant; NASA Rapid Response grant; NASA ABoVE grant; Joint Fire Science Program grant; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Canada from NSERC Discovery Grant; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project; NSERC PDFs; GNWT through the Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This writing of this manuscript and synthesis of data was supported by funding the NASA Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Legacy Carbon grant NNX15AT71A awarded to MM. The original field studies were supported by funding in the United States from NSF DEB RAPID grant #1542150 to MM, NASA Rapid Response grant NNX15AD58G and NASA ABoVE grant NNX15AT83A to LB-C, NASA ABoVE grant NNX15AU56A to BR, SV, and MT, Joint Fire Science Program grant 051-2-06 to JJ, NSF grant 0445458 to MM, NSF support to the Bonanza Creek LTER (DEB-0423442); and in Canada from NSERC Discovery Grant funding to JJ and MT; Government of the Northwest Territories Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program Funding project #170 to JB; NSERC PDFs to ND and CD; GNWT logistical and financial support through the Laurier-GNWT Partnership Agreement; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Science Training Program funding awarded to Canadian field assistants; SV acknowledges Vidi grant support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).5388<180 Day Usage Count>318FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2624-893XFRONT FOR GLOB CHANGFront. For. Glob. ChangeJUL 3020203
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.00087http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.0008712Ecology; ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ForestryNC9LVgold, Green Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005615328000010 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaSahtu, Dehcho, North Slave, South SlaveMackenzie Mountains, sites to the north, west, and south of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3481
Predicting patterns of terrestrial lichen biomass recovery following boreal wildfires
ArticleECOSPHERECaribou forage; chronosequence; Cladonia; hurdle model; natural disturbance; nonlinear mixed&#8208; effects models; Rangifer; wildfire; zero&#8208; inflated distributionCARIBOU RANGIFER-TARANDUS; DOMINATED SYSTEMS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HABITAT SELECTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BLACK SPRUCE; FIRE HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES; REINDEER; ABUNDANCEGreuel, RJ; Degre-Timmons, GE; Baltzer, JL; Johnstone, JF; McIntire, EJB; Day, NJ; Hart, SJ; McLoughlin, PD; Schmiegelow, FKA; Turetsky, MR; Truchon-Savard, A; van Telgen, MD; Cumming, SGGreuel, Ruth J.; Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Johnstone, Jill F.; McIntire, Eliot J. B.; Day, Nicola J.; Hart, Sarah J.; McLoughlin, Philip D.; Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Truchon-Savard, Alexandre; van Telgen, Mario D.; Cumming, Steven G.EnglishIncreased fire activity due to climate change may impact the successional dynamics of boreal forests, with important consequences for caribou habitat. Early successional forests have been shown to support lower quantities of caribou forage lichens, but geographic variation in, and controls on, the rates of lichen recovery has been largely unexplored. In this study, we sampled across a broad region in northwestern Canada to compare lichen biomass accumulation in ecoprovinces, including the Saskatchewan Boreal Shield, the Northwest Territories Taiga Shield, and Northwest Territories Taiga Plains, divided into North and South. We focused on the most valuable Cladonia species for boreal and barren-ground caribou: Cladonia mitis and C. arbuscula, C. rangiferina and C. stygia, and C. stellaris and C. uncialis. We developed new allometric equations to estimate lichen biomass from field measurements of lichen cover and height; allometries were consistent among ecoprovinces, suggesting generalizability. We then used estimates of lichen biomass to quantify patterns of lichen recovery in different stand types, ecoprovinces, and with time following stand-replacing fire. We used a hurdle model to account both for the heterogeneous nature of lichen presence (zero inflation) and for the range of abundance in stands where lichen was present. The first component of the hurdle model, a generalized linear model, identified stand age, stand type, and ecoprovince as significant predictors of lichen presence. With a logistic growth model, a measure of lichen recovery (time to 50% asymptotic value) varied from 28 to 73 yr, dependent on stand type and ecoprovince. The combined predictions of the hurdle model suggest the most rapid recovery of lichen biomass across our study region occurred in jack pine in the Boreal Shield (30 yr), while stands located in the Taiga Plains (North and South) required a longer recovery period (approximately 75 yr). These results provide a basis for estimating future caribou habitat that encompasses some of the large variation in fire effects on lichen abundance and vegetation types across the range of boreal and barren-ground caribou in North America.[Greuel, Ruth J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Hart, Sarah J.; McLoughlin, Philip D.; Truchon-Savard, Alexandre] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Day, Nicola J.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Degre-Timmons, Genevieve E.; van Telgen, Mario D.; Cumming, Steven G.] Laval Univ, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [McIntire, Eliot J. B.] Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand; [Hart, Sarah J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA; [Schmiegelow, Fiona K. A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO USAUniversity of Saskatchewan; Wilfrid Laurier University; Laval University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Victoria University Wellington; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Alberta; University of Guelph; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderDegre-Timmons, GE (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Degre-Timmons, GE (corresponding author), Laval Univ, Dept Wood & Forest Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.genevieve.degre-timmons.1@ulaval.ca; Johnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; Degre-Timmons, Genevieve/0000-0002-1121-4659; Hart, Sarah/0000-0001-8371-8568; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC) in the form of an NSERC CRD award; WCS Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Cameco Corporation, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of SK, Northern Scientific Training Program; SK Mining Association; SaskPower Inc.; Golder Associates Ltd.; Claude Resources Inc.; Rio Tinto Group; Orano Canada Inc.; Golden Band Resources Inc.; Masuparia Gold Corporation; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Canadian Polar Commission; University of Saskatchewan; University of Manitoba; University of Toronto; Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Department of Environment; Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program [170]; GNWT Environmental Studies Research Fund; GNWT; NSERC; Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training Program award; Government of the Northwest Territories Aurora Research Institute [15879]; Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation, Norman Wells Renewable Resources Council; Sahtu Renewable Resources Board; Tcho GovernmentNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC) in the form of an NSERC CRD award; WCS Canada; W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Cameco Corporation, Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of SK, Northern Scientific Training Program; SK Mining Association; SaskPower Inc.; Golder Associates Ltd.; Claude Resources Inc.; Rio Tinto Group; Orano Canada Inc.; Golden Band Resources Inc.; Masuparia Gold Corporation; Western Economic Diversification Canada; Canadian Polar Commission; University of Saskatchewan; University of Manitoba; University of Toronto(University of Toronto); Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Department of Environment; Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; GNWT Environmental Studies Research Fund; GNWT; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training Program award; Government of the Northwest Territories Aurora Research Institute; Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation, Norman Wells Renewable Resources Council; Sahtu Renewable Resources Board; Tcho GovernmentThe SK project was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada (NSERC) in the form of an NSERC CRD awarded to Jill Johnstone and Philip McLoughlin. Additional funding and in-kind support were provided by a Fellowship for Northern Conservation awarded to Ruth Greuel by WCS Canada and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Cameco Corporation, Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Government of SK, Northern Scientific Training Program, the SK Mining Association, SaskPower Inc., Golder Associates Ltd., Claude Resources Inc., Rio Tinto Group, Orano Canada Inc., Golden Band Resources Inc., Masuparia Gold Corporation, Western Economic Diversification Canada, the Canadian Polar Commission, the University of Saskatchewan, the University of Manitoba, and the University of Toronto. Fieldwork for the SK project took place on Treaty 8 and Treaty 10 Land, homeland of the Cree, Metis, and Dene (Chipewyan) people. The NT research project was funded by the Government of the Northwest Territories (GNWT) Department of Environment and Natural Resources Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program (Project 170) awarded to Jennifer Baltzer, Jill Johnstone, and Steve Cumming, the GNWT Environmental Studies Research Fund awarded to Jennifer Baltzer and Merritt Turetsky, and additional financial support from the GNWT. Additional funding was provided by NSERC (Changing Cold Regions Network to Merritt Turetsky, Jennifer Baltzer, and Jill Johnstone), Polar Knowledge Canada's Northern Scientific Training Program awarded to field assistants, Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Nicola Day, and NSERC Discovery grants to Merritt Turetsky, Steve Cumming, and Eliot McIntire. We are grateful to the Government of the Northwest Territories Aurora Research Institute (Research license 15879), the Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation, Norman Wells Renewable Resources Council, the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board, and the Tcho Government for their support and for allowing the study to be carried out on their lands. We also wish to thank the GNWT-Wilfrid Laurier University Partnership Agreement for providing logistical support and laboratory space. We thank all field personnel on both projects for their contribution to data collection and to all the volunteers and laboratory personnel who assisted with the sample processing, other help in the field (e.g., logistical support, laboratory space) and for revisions to the manuscript. RJG and GED-T contributed equally to this manuscript and share first authorship. The first position on the author list was assigned randomly. JLB, SGC, JFJ, PDM, and MRT conceived the study with the help of RJG, GED-T, NJD, SJH, EJBM, FKAS, AT-S, and MDvT. RJG, GED-T, NJD, AT-S, and MDvT collected the field data. RJG and GED-T led the laboratory analyses and sample processing for their respective lichen biomass samples. RJG and GED-T analyzed the data with the support of JLB, SGC, JFJ, EJBM, and NJD. RJG and GED-T wrote the manuscript with the support of JLB, SGC, JFJ, and EJBM. All coauthors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.11244<180 Day Usage Count>716WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereAPR2021124
e03481
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3481http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.348125EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyRV1KB2023-03-05WOS:0006455975000280 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllMackenzie River basin, Liard River basin, Peel River basinNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.057
Spatial and temporal characteristics in streamflow-related hydroclimatic variables over western Canada. Part 1: 1950-2010
ArticleHYDROLOGY RESEARCHclimate; snow accumulation; snowmelt; spatial analysis; trend analysis; western CanadaBRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; RIVER-BASIN; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SNOWPACKO'Neil, HCL; Prowse, TD; Bonsal, BR; Dibike, YBO'Neil, H. C. L.; Prowse, T. D.; Bonsal, B. R.; Dibike, Y. B.EnglishA large portion of the freshwater in western Canada originates as snowpack from the northern Rocky Mountains. Temperature and precipitation in the region control the amount of snow accumulated and stored throughout the winter, and the intensity and timing of melt during the spring freshet. Therefore, trends in temperature, precipitation, snow accumulation, and snowmelt over western Canada are examined using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and an original geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to trend analysis on a newly produced high-resolution gridded climate dataset for the period 1950-2010. Temporal and spatial analyses of these hydroclimatic variables reveal that daily minimum temperature has increased more than daily maximum temperature, particularly during the cold season, and at higher elevations, contributing to earlier spring melt. Precipitation has decreased throughout the cold season and increased in the warm season, particularly in the northern half of the study area. Snow accumulation has decreased through all months of the year while snowmelt results indicate slight increases in mid-winter melt events and an earlier onset of the spring freshet. This study provides a summary of detected trends in key hydroclimatic variables across western Canada regarding the effects these changes can have on the spring freshet and streamflow throughout the region.[O'Neil, H. C. L.; Prowse, T. D.; Dibike, Y. B.] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada; [Bonsal, B. R.] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreO'Neil, HCL (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada.hcl.oneil@gmail.comDibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-9708511414<180 Day Usage Count>019IWA PUBLISHINGLONDONREPUBLIC-EXPORT BLDG, UNITS 1 04 & 1 05, 1 CLOVE CRESCENT, LONDON, ENGLAND1998-95632224-7955HYDROL RESHydrol. Res.AUG2017484915931
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.057http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.05717Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesFF9KB2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004093341000040 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllMackenzie River basin, Liard River basin, Peel River basinNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.045
Spatial and temporal characteristics in streamflow-related hydroclimatic variables over western Canada. Part 2: future projections
ArticleHYDROLOGY RESEARCHclimate; hydrology; snow accumulation; snowmelt; spatial analysis; western CanadaWATER-RESOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GLOBAL CLIMATE; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGY; IMPACTSO'Neil, HCL; Prowse, TD; Bonsal, BR; Dibike, YBO'Neil, H. C. L.; Prowse, T. D.; Bonsal, B. R.; Dibike, Y. B.EnglishMuch of the freshwater in western Canada originates in the Rocky Mountains as snowpack. Temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the region control the amount of snow accumulated and stored throughout the winter, and the intensity and timing of melt during the spring freshet. Therefore, changes in temperature, precipitation, snow depth, and snowmelt over western Canada are examined through comparison of output from the current and future periods of a series of regional climate models for the time periods 1971-2000 and 2041-2070. Temporal and spatial analyses of these hydroclimatic variables indicate that minimum temperature is likely to increase more than maximum temperature, particularly during the cold season, possibly contributing to earlier spring melt. Precipitation is projected to increase, particularly in the north. In the coldest months of the year snow depth is expected to increase in northern areas and decrease across the rest of study area. Snowmelt results indicate increases in mid-winter melt events and an earlier onset of the spring freshet. This study provides a summary of potential future climate using key hydroclimatic variables across western Canada with regard to the effects these changes may have on streamflow and the spring freshet, and thus water resources, throughout the study area.[O'Neil, H. C. L.; Prowse, T. D.; Dibike, Y. B.] Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada; [Bonsal, B. R.] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreO'Neil, HCL (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Environm Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada.hcl.oneil@gmail.comDibike, Yonas/0000-0003-2138-97083866<180 Day Usage Count>09IWA PUBLISHINGLONDONREPUBLIC-EXPORT BLDG, UNITS 1 04 & 1 05, 1 CLOVE CRESCENT, LONDON, ENGLAND1998-95632224-7955HYDROL RESHydrol. Res.AUG2017484932944
http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.045http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.04513Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesFF9KBBronze2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004093341000050 NIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaSahtu, DehchoNahanni National Park ReserveNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01339-0
An ecothermal paradox: bull trout populations diverge in response to thermal landscapes across a broad latitudinal gradient
Article; Early AccessENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHESBull trout; Stream temperature regimes; Mean August temperature; Thermal sensitivitySUMMER TEMPERATURE REGIMES; ARCTIC FRESH-WATER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAM TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-CONFLUENTUS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CUTTHROAT TROUT; NATIONAL-PARK; RIVERMochnacz, NJ; Taylor, MK; Docker, MF; Isaak, DJMochnacz, Neil J.; Taylor, Mark K.; Docker, Margaret F.; Isaak, Dan J.EnglishMaintaining natural thermal regimes in montane stream networks is critical for many species, but as climate warms, thermal regimes will undoubtedly change. Mitigating impacts of changing thermal regimes on freshwater biodiversity requires knowledge of which elements of the thermal regime are limiting factors for aquatic biota. We used full-year stream temperature records sampled across a broad latitudinal gradient to describe the diversity of the thermal landscapes that bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) occupy and identify potential divergences from thermal regimes where this species has been studied previously. Populations of bull trout occupied stenothermic, cold thermal niches in streams that exhibited low to moderate thermal sensitivity throughout the species' range. However, winter thermal regimes in the central and northernmost streams were colder and more stable than in the southernmost streams, reflecting differences in sensitivity to air temperature variation and contributions of perennial groundwater to baseflow. In the southernmost streams, bull trout distributions appeared to be regulated by warm summer temperatures, whereas in northern streams, unsuitably cold temperatures may be more limiting. Our results also suggest that local differences in the extent of complete freezing during winter among northern streams may further limit the distributions of suitable habitats. Contrasts in limiting factors at bull trout range extents would suggest differential responses to climate warming wherein northern populations extend their range while southern populations contract, and an overall change in species status that is less dire than previously anticipated.[Mochnacz, Neil J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Taylor, Mark K.] Banff Natl Pk, Pk Canada Agcy, Banff, AB T1L 1K2, Canada; [Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Isaak, Dan J.] US Forest Serv, Boise, ID 83702 USAFisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest ServiceMochnacz, NJ (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.neil.mochnacz@dfo-mpo.gc.caFisheries Oceans Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories, Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; National Research Council of Canada, Program for Energy Research and Development; Parks Canada AgencyFisheries Oceans Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories, Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; National Research Council of Canada, Program for Energy Research and Development; Parks Canada AgencyOpen Access provided by Fisheries & Oceans Canada. Funding was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada; the Government of the Northwest Territories, Cumulative Impacts Monitoring Program; the National Research Council of Canadax, Program for Energy Research and Development; and Parks Canada Agency.11300<180 Day Usage Count>44SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0378-19091573-5133ENVIRON BIOL FISHEnviron. Biol. Fishes
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01339-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01339-02022-10-01 00:00:0021Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology5H3ZYhybrid2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0008676213000010 YIncludedScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaBeaufort Delta, DehchoMackenzie Delta, Peel Plateau, Mackenzie Valley, Scotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.12296
Controls on methylmercury concentrations in lakes and streams of peatland-rich catchments along a 1700 km permafrost gradient
Article; Early AccessLIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHYDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; ARCTIC WETLAND; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MERCURY METHYLATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; CARBON; PONDS; PHOTODEMETHYLATION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRYThompson, LM; Kuhn, MA; Winder, JC; Braga, LPP; Hutchins, RHS; Tanentzap, AJ; Louis, VSL; Olefeldt, DThompson, Lauren M.; Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Winder, Johanna C.; Braga, Lucas P. P.; Hutchins, Ryan H. S.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; St. Louis, Vincent L.; Olefeldt, DavidEnglishPermafrost thaw may increase the production of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in northern peatlands, but the downstream delivery of MeHg is uncertain. We quantified total mercury (THg) and MeHg concentrations in lakes and streams along a 1700 km permafrost transect in boreal western Canada to determine the influence of regional permafrost extent compared to local lake and catchment characteristics. In lakes, we assessed sediment microbial communities and modeled potential rates of water column photodemethylation (PD). Regardless of permafrost conditions, peatlands were the primary sources of MeHg across the transect as MeHg concentrations in streams increased with aromatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron, and lower pH. Higher DOC and greater catchment peatland extent were further associated with higher stream %MeHg (MeHg/THg). Peatland lakes were potential MeHg sinks, with lower MeHg concentrations than streams (mean +/- 1SD: 0.19 +/- 0.23 and 0.47 +/- 0.77 ng MeHg L-1, respectively), and larger stream catchments had lower %MeHg where PD may occur in abundant small lakes. Microbial communities in lake sediments showed that abundance of Hg reducing genes (merA) predominated over Hg methylating (hgcA) and MeHg demethylating (merB) genes. The effects of permafrost extent on MeHg processes in lakes were secondary to the influence of local catchment characteristics, but lakes in regions with less permafrost had higher DOC concentrations, higher %MeHg, and lower potential rates of PD. Our study highlights a need to understand the impacts of climate change on MeHg source and sink processes, particularly as mediated through changes to peatland DOC, to improve projections of future MeHg concentrations in northern catchments.[Thompson, Lauren M.; Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Kuhn, McKenzie A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH USA; [Winder, Johanna C.; Braga, Lucas P. P.; Tanentzap, Andrew J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Ecosyst & Global Change Grp, Cambridge, England; [Braga, Lucas P. P.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, Brazil; [Hutchins, Ryan H. S.; St. Louis, Vincent L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Hutchins, Ryan H. S.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Cambridge; Universidade de Sao Paulo; University of Alberta; University of WaterlooThompson, LM; Olefeldt, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.lauren.thompson@ualberta.ca; olefeldt@ualberta.ca; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Winder, Johanna/0000-0002-7509-772X; Kuhn, McKenzie/0000-0003-3871-1548; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Thompson, Lauren M./0000-0002-6455-4980Campus Alberta Innovates Program; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [CIMP199]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2016-04688]; Weston Family Foundation, University of Alberta North, Northern Scientific Training Program; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [2018/19247-0, 2019/24097-0]; Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of CambridgeCampus Alberta Innovates Program; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Weston Family Foundation, University of Alberta North, Northern Scientific Training Program; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)); Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of CambridgeResearch for this publication was undertaken on the lands and territories of Treaty 11, 8, and 6 of contemporary Canada. We thank Mingsheng Ma, Yuting (Tina) Chen, Wendong (Neil) Liu, and AllanHarms for analytical support, Maya Frederickson and Erik Umbach forfield assistance, and field support from the Fort McPherson ENR and Andrew Koe. The authors are grateful to Oliver Sonnentag and GabrielHould Gosselin for providing PAR data. Funding for this study was pro-vided by Campus Alberta Innovates Program, NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program (CIMP199), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2016-04688, CGS-M, and PGS-D), Weston Family Foundation, University of Alberta North, Northern Scientific Training Program, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (2018/19247-0 and 2019/24097-0), and the Bruckmann Fund, Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge.8700<180 Day Usage Count>1010WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0024-35901939-5590LIMNOL OCEANOGRLimnol. Oceanogr.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.12296http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.122962023-01-01 00:00:0015Limnology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography7Y3OT2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0009147937000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111494
2 degrees C vs. High Warming: Transitions to Flood-Generating Mechanisms across Canada
ArticleWATERclimate change; regional climate model; flooding; flood-generating mechanisms; 2 degrees C warmingMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; ON-SNOW EVENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; PROJECTED CHANGES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAKE-RIVER; PART ITeufel, B; Sushama, LTeufel, Bernardo; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishFluvial flooding in Canada is often snowmelt-driven, thus occurs mostly in spring, and has caused billions of dollars in damage in the past decade alone. In a warmer climate, increasing rainfall and changing snowmelt rates could lead to significant shifts in flood-generating mechanisms. Here, projected changes to flood-generating mechanisms in terms of the relative contribution of snowmelt and rainfall are assessed across Canada, based on an ensemble of transient climate change simulations performed using a state-of-the-art regional climate model. Changes to flood-generating mechanisms are assessed for both a late 21st century, high warming (i.e., Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) scenario, and in a 2 degrees C global warming context. Under 2 degrees C of global warming, the relative contribution of snowmelt and rainfall to streamflow peaks is projected to remain close to that of the current climate, despite slightly increased rainfall contribution. In contrast, a high warming scenario leads to widespread increases in rainfall contribution and the emergence of hotspots of change in currently snowmelt-dominated regions across Canada. In addition, several regions in southern Canada would be projected to become rainfall dominated. These contrasting projections highlight the importance of climate change mitigation, as remaining below the 2 degrees C global warming threshold can avoid large changes over most regions, implying a low likelihood that expensive flood adaptation measures would be necessary.[Teufel, Bernardo; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, CanadaMcGill UniversityTeufel, B (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.bernardo.teufel@mail.mcgill.ca; laxmi.sushama@mcgill.caTeufel, Bernardo/0000-0003-1331-2030Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was funded by the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).5011<180 Day Usage Count>15MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4441WATER-SUIWaterJUN20211311
1494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111494http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w1311149410Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesSR1QQgold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006608197000010 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137746
A continental scale spatial investigation of lake sediment organic compositions using sedimentomics
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTUntargeted; Sedimentomics; Sediment; Spatial analysis; Organic carbonMARINE-SEDIMENTS; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; CARBON-CYCLE; MATTER; CLIMATE; SHIFTS; TUNDRA; MICROBIOME; EXTRACTION; QUEENSLANDBell, MA; Overy, DP; Blais, JMBell, Madison A.; Overy, David P.; Blais, Jules M.EnglishSedimentomics is a new method used to investigate carbon cycling in sediment organic matter. This untargeted method, based on metabolomics workflows, was used to investigate the molecular composition of sediment organic matter across northern Canada (Nunavut and Northwest Territories). Unique lake districts were defined using unsupervised clustering based on changes in sediment organic carbon compositions across space. Supervised machine learning analyses were used to compare the lake districts to commonly used regional classification systems like the treeline, ecozones, and/or georegions. Treeline was the best model to explain the compositional variance of sediment organic carbon from lakes across Canada, dosely followed by the georegions model. A novel sediment metaphenomics analysis was also applied to determine how well environmental constraints explain the variation of sediment organic matter composition across a continent. We determined that sedimentomics is more informative than traditional measurements (such as total organic carbon) and can be integrated with other omits techniques. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Bell, Madison A.; Blais, Jules M.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Lab Anal Nat & Synthet Environm Toxicants, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Overy, David P.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa Res & Dev Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Agriculture & Agri Food CanadaBell, MA (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Lab Anal Nat & Synthet Environm Toxicants, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.mbell145@uottawa.caBlais, Jules/AAV-2321-2020Blais, Jules/0000-0002-7188-3598; Overy, David/0000-0003-3107-4777; Bell, Madison/0000-0002-2033-3166Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 217112-2013, RGPIN-2018-04248, RGPNS 444180-2013]; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf ProgramFunding for this study was provided by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 217112-2013 and RGPIN-2018-04248) and Northern Supplement (RGPNS 444180-2013) grants to JMB, and grants from the Polar Continental Shelf Program to JMB and J. Smol. Wethank J. Smol for providing sediment samples fromCape Herschel (Ellesmere Island) and the TK region. We also thank J. Thienpont, J. Korosi, D. Eickmeyer, L. Kimpe, and K. Ruhland for sample collection and J. Korosi, A. Saleem, and L. Kimpe for method development.8133<180 Day Usage Count>1154ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JUN 12020719
137746
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137746http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13774613Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKX5RX321730092023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005219363000030 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1137-2018
Canadian snow and sea ice: assessment of snow, sea ice, and related climate processes in Canada's Earth system model and climate-prediction system
ArticleCRYOSPHEREVARIABILITY; THICKNESS; ALBEDO; CMIP5; PERFORMANCE; TRENDS; SKILLKushner, PJ; Mudryk, LR; Merryfield, W; Ambadan, JT; Berg, A; Bichet, A; Brown, R; Derksen, C; Dery, SJ; Dirkson, A; Flato, G; Fletcher, CG; Fyfe, JC; Gillett, N; Haas, C; Howell, S; Laliberte, F; McCusker, K; Sigmond, M; Sospedra-Alfonso, R; Tandon, NF; Thackeray, C; Tremblay, B; Zwiers, FKushner, Paul J.; Mudryk, Lawrence R.; Merryfield, William; Ambadan, Jaison T.; Berg, Aaron; Bichet, Adeline; Brown, Ross; Derksen, Chris; Dery, Stephen J.; Dirkson, Arlan; Flato, Greg; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Fyfe, John C.; Gillett, Nathan; Haas, Christian; Howell, Stephen; Laliberte, Frederic; McCusker, Kelly; Sigmond, Michael; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel; Tandon, Neil F.; Thackeray, Chad; Tremblay, Bruno; Zwiers, FrancisW.EnglishThe Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing and applying state-of-the-art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, and understanding of seasonal snow cover and sea ice in Canada and the circumpolar Arctic. This study presents an assessment from the CanSISE Network of the ability of the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) and the Canadian Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (CanSIPS) to simulate and predict snow and sea ice from seasonal to multi-decadal timescales, with a focus on the Canadian sector. To account for observational uncertainty, model structural uncertainty, and internal climate variability, the analysis uses multi-source observations, multiple Earth system models (ESMs) in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and large initial-condition ensembles of CanESM2 and other models. It is found that the ability of the CanESM2 simulation to capture snow-related climate parameters, such as cold-region surface temperature and precipitation, lies within the range of currently available international models. Accounting for the considerable disagreement among satellite-era observational datasets on the distribution of snow water equivalent, CanESM2 has too much springtime snow mass over Canada, reflecting a broader northern hemispheric positive bias. Biases in seasonal snow cover extent are generally less pronounced. CanESM2 also exhibits retreat of springtime snow generally greater than observational estimates, after accounting for observational uncertainty and internal variability. Sea ice is biased low in the Canadian Arctic, which makes it difficult to assess the realism of long-term sea ice trends there. The strengths and weaknesses of the modelling system need to be understood as a practical tradeoff: the Canadian models are relatively inexpensive computationally because of their moderate resolution, thus enabling their use in operational seasonal prediction and for generating large ensembles of multidecadal simulations. Improvements in climate-prediction systems like CanSIPS rely not just on simulation quality but also on using novel observational constraints and the ready transfer of research to an operational setting. Improvements in seasonal forecasting practice arising from recent research include accurate initialization of snow and frozen soil, accounting for observational uncertainty in forecast verification, and sea ice thickness initialization using statistical predictors available in real time.[Kushner, Paul J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada; [Mudryk, Lawrence R.; Merryfield, William; Brown, Ross; Derksen, Chris; Flato, Greg; Fyfe, John C.; Gillett, Nathan; Howell, Stephen; Laliberte, Frederic; Sigmond, Michael; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel; Tandon, Neil F.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; [Ambadan, Jaison T.; Berg, Aaron] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Bichet, Adeline] CNRS, LGGE, MEOM, F-38041 Grenoble, France; [Dery, Stephen J.] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Environm Sci, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada; [Dirkson, Arlan] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Fletcher, Christopher G.; Thackeray, Chad] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Haas, Christian] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Haas, Christian] Alfred Wegener Inst, Climate Sci Div, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [McCusker, Kelly] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Tremblay, Bruno] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada; [Zwiers, FrancisW.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaUniversity of Toronto; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Guelph; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Northern British Columbia; University of Victoria; University of Waterloo; York University - Canada; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; McGill University; University of VictoriaKushner, PJ (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.paul.kushner@utoronto.caBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Fletcher, Christopher G/I-4168-2012; Derksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Sigmond, Michael/K-3169-2012; Thackeray, Chad/ABD-8474-2021; Kushner, Paul J/H-6716-2016Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Fletcher, Christopher G/0000-0002-4393-5565; Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Sigmond, Michael/0000-0003-2191-9756; Thackeray, Chad/0000-0002-3757-9015; Kushner, Paul J/0000-0002-6404-4518; Dirkson, Arlan/0000-0002-4493-0117; Brown, Ross/0000-0001-7196-2686; McCusker, Kelly/0000-0001-5914-0559; Bichet, Adeline/0000-0003-1409-1620; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel/0000-0002-4472-5607Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium; University of TorontoNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium; University of Toronto(University of Toronto)This work represents Deliverable 1 of the CanSISE Network. CanSISE was funded under the auspices of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program, with additional support provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, and the University of Toronto. Comments by Richard L. H. Essery and an anonymous reviewer were helpful in improving the manuscript.561919<180 Day Usage Count>021COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereAPR 4201812411371156
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1137-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1137-201820Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGB5TLGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004291298000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018
Canadian snow and sea ice: historical trends and projections
ArticleCRYOSPHERENORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WATER EQUIVALENT; BEAUFORT SEA; ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO; EARTH SYSTEM; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; COVER; PRECIPITATIONMudryk, LR; Derksen, C; Howell, S; Laliberte, F; Thackeray, C; Sospedra-Alfonso, R; Vionnet, V; Kushner, PJ; Brown, RMudryk, Lawrence R.; Derksen, Chris; Howell, Stephen; Laliberte, Fred; Thackeray, Chad; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel; Vionnet, Vincent; Kushner, Paul J.; Brown, RossEnglishThe Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network is a climate research network focused on developing and applying state of the art observational data to advance dynamical prediction, projections, and understanding of seasonal snow cover and sea ice in Canada and the circumpolar Arctic. Here, we present an assessment from the CanSISE Network on trends in the historical record of snow cover (fraction, water equivalent) and sea ice (area, concentration, type, and thickness) across Canada. We also assess projected changes in snow cover and sea ice likely to occur by mid-century, as simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) suite of Earth system models. The historical datasets show that the fraction of Canadian land and marine areas covered by snow and ice is decreasing over time, with seasonal and regional variability in the trends consistent with regional differences in surface temperature trends. In particular, summer sea ice cover has decreased significantly across nearly all Canadian marine regions, and the rate of multi-year ice loss in the Beaufort Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago has nearly doubled over the last 8 years. The multi-model consensus over the 2020-2050 period shows reductions in fall and spring snow cover fraction and sea ice concentration of 5-10% per decade (or 15-30% in total), with similar reductions in winter sea ice concentration in both Hudson Bay and eastern Canadian waters. Peak pre-melt terrestrial snow water equivalent reductions of up to 10% per decade (30% in total) are projected across southern Canada.[Mudryk, Lawrence R.; Derksen, Chris; Howell, Stephen; Laliberte, Fred] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Thackeray, Chad] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Vionnet, Vincent] Ctr Etud Neige, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grenoble, France; [Kushner, Paul J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Brown, Ross] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Montreal, PQ, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; Environment & Climate Change CanadaMudryk, LR (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.lawrence.mudryk@canada.caDerksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Kushner, Paul J/H-6716-2016; Vionnet, Vincent/F-5446-2018; Thackeray, Chad/ABD-8474-2021; Vionnet, Vincent/AFZ-4794-2022Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Kushner, Paul J/0000-0002-6404-4518; Vionnet, Vincent/0000-0002-9142-9739; Thackeray, Chad/0000-0002-3757-9015; Vionnet, Vincent/0000-0002-9142-9739; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel/0000-0002-4472-5607; Laliberte, Frederic/000Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium; University of TorontoNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium; University of Toronto(University of Toronto)This work represents Deliverable 2 of the CanSISE Network. CanSISE was funded under the auspices of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program, with additional support provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada, the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, and the University of Toronto. The original manuscript was improved thanks to comments from Christoph Marty and one anonymous reviewer.1167779<180 Day Usage Count>028COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereAPR 4201812411571176
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1157-201820Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGB5TLGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004291298000020 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192286
Comparison and Assessment of Regional and Global Land Cover Datasets for Use in CLASS over Canada
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGland cover; forest cover; plant functional type; land surface model; CLASS; CanadaPLANT FUNCTIONAL TYPES; SURFACE SCHEME; CLASSIFICATION; ACCURACY; MODEL; SNOW; MAPS; CHALLENGES; IMPACTS; ALBEDOWang, LB; Bartlett, P; Pouliot, D; Chan, E; Lamarche, C; Wulder, MA; Defourny, P; Brady, MWang, Libo; Bartlett, Paul; Pouliot, Darren; Chan, Ed; Lamarche, Celine; Wulder, Michael A.; Defourny, Pierre; Brady, MikeEnglishGlobal land cover information is required to initialize land surface and Earth system models. In recent years, new land cover (LC) datasets at finer spatial resolutions have become available while those currently implemented in most models are outdated. This study assesses the applicability of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) LC product for use in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) through comparison with finer resolution datasets over Canada, assisted with reference sample data and a vegetation continuous field tree cover fraction dataset. The results show that in comparison with the finer resolution maps over Canada, the 300 m CCI product provides much improved LC distribution over that from the 1 km GLC2000 dataset currently used to provide initial surface conditions in CLASS. However, the CCI dataset appears to overestimate needleleaf forest cover especially in the taiga-tundra transition zone of northwestern Canada. This may have partly resulted from limited availability of clear sky MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) images used to generate the CCI classification maps due to the long snow cover season in Canada. In addition, changes based on the CCI time series are not always consistent with those from the MODIS or a Landsat-based forest cover change dataset, especially prior to 2003 when only coarse spatial resolution satellite data were available for change detection in the CCI product. It will be helpful for application in global simulations to determine whether these results also apply to other regions with similar landscapes, such as Eurasia. Nevertheless, the detailed LC classes and finer spatial resolution in the CCI dataset provide an improved reference map for use in land surface models in Canada. The results also suggest that uncertainties in the current cross-walking tables are a major source of the often large differences in the plant functional types (PFT) maps, and should be an area of focus in future work.[Wang, Libo; Bartlett, Paul; Chan, Ed; Brady, Mike] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; [Pouliot, Darren] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Lamarche, Celine; Defourny, Pierre] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst, Environm Sci, Croix Sud 2-L7-05-16, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium; [Wulder, Michael A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 West Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Universite Catholique Louvain; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceWang, LB (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.Libo.Wang@canada.ca; Paul.Bartlett@canada.ca; Darren.Pouliot@canada.ca; Ed.chan@canada.ca; celine.lamarche@uclouvain.be; Mike.Wulder@canada.ca; Pierre.Defourny@uclouvain.be; Mike.Brady@canada.caBartlett, Paul/ABB-7716-2020; Wulder, Michael A/J-5597-2016Bartlett, Paul/0000-0001-9591-6617; Wulder, Michael A/0000-0002-6942-1896; Chan, Edmond/0000-0003-1160-1090Canadian Space Agency, Government Related Initiatives Program, Climate Change Impact and Ecosystem Resilience; Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Space Agency, Government Related Initiatives Program, Climate Change Impact and Ecosystem Resilience; Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service)The authors would like to thank Vivek Arora and Joe Melton (ECCC) for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, Elyn Humphreys (Carleton University) for providing some field data and for helpful discussions, and Peter Toose (ECCC) for helping to interpret images in Google Earth Engine. The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. Wulder's participation in this work was informed by Earth Observation to Inform Canada's Climate Change Agenda project jointly funded by the Canadian Space Agency, Government Related Initiatives Program, Climate Change Impact and Ecosystem Resilience, and the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada.6046<180 Day Usage Count>329MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.OCT20191119
2286
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192286http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1119228625Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyJN3VHgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004968271001000 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3609-x
Rain-on-snow events over North America based on two Canadian regional climate models
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSClimate change; Flood; North America; Rain-on-snow events; Regional climate modelingSHALLOW CUMULUS CLOUDS; PART I; PROJECTED CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; FLOOD; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; CONVECTIONJeong, DI; Sushama, LJeong, Dae Il; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishThis study evaluates projected changes to rain-on-snow (ROS) characteristics (i.e., frequency, rainfall amount, and runoff) for the future 2041-2070 period with respect to the current 1976-2005 period over North America using six simulations, based on two Canadian RCMs, driven by two driving GCMs for RCP4.5 and 8.5 emission pathways. Prior to assessing projected changes, the two RCMs are evaluated by comparing ERA-Interim driven RCM simulations with available observations, and results indicate that both models reproduce reasonably well the observed spatial patterns of ROS event frequency and other related features. Analysis of current and future simulations suggest general increases in ROS characteristics during the November-March period for most regions of Canada and for northwestern US for the future period, due to an increase in the rainfall frequency with warmer air temperatures in future. Future ROS runoff is often projected to increase more than future ROS rainfall amounts, particularly for northeastern North America, during snowmelt months, as ROS events usually accelerate snowmelt. The simulations show that ROS event is a primary flood generating mechanism over most of Canada and north-western and -central US for the January-May period for the current period and this is projected to continue in the future period. More focused analysis over selected basins shows decreases in future spring runoff due to decreases in both snow cover and ROS runoff. The above results highlight the need to take into consideration ROS events in water resources management adaptation strategies for future climate.[Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi] Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, 201 Ave President Kenned, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealJeong, DI (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, 201 Ave President Kenned, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, Canada.jeong@sca.uqam.caNSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) programNSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) programWe wish to thank the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) of Environment and Climate Change Canada for providing the CanRCM4 data used in this paper. This research was undertaken within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes, funded through the NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) program.475252<180 Day Usage Count>423SPRINGERNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.JAN201850303316
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3609-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3609-x14Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesFT1PMhybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004229087000190 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101543
Satellite-Observed Soil Moisture as an Indicator of Wildfire Risk
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGwildfire; ecozone; soil moisture; Canada; SMOSVEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; FOREST-FIRE DANGER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; SMOS; CANADA; BOREAL; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; EMISSIONSAmbadan, JT; Oja, M; Gedalof, Z; Berg, AAAmbadan, Jaison Thomas; Oja, Matilda; Gedalof, Ze'ev; Berg, Aaron A.EnglishWildfires are a concerning issue in Canada due to their immediate impact on people's lives, local economy, climate, and environment. Studies have shown that the number of wildfires and affected areas in Canada has increased during recent decades and is a result of a warming and drying climate. Therefore, identifying potential wildfire risk areas is increasingly an important aspect of wildfire management. The purpose of this study is to investigate if remotely sensed soil moisture products from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite can be used to identify potential wildfire risk areas for better wildfire management. We used the National Fire Database (NFDB) fire points and polygons to group the wildfires according to ecozone classifications, as well as to analyze the SMOS soil moisture data over the wildfire areas, between 2010-2017, across fourteen ecozones in Canada. Timeseries of 3-day, 5-day, and 7-day soil moisture anomalies prior to the onset of each wildfire occurrence were examined over the ecozones individually. Overall, the results suggest, despite the coarse-resolution, SMOS soil moisture products are potentially useful in identifying soil moisture anomalies where wildfire hot-spots may occur.[Ambadan, Jaison Thomas; Oja, Matilda; Gedalof, Ze'ev; Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaUniversity of GuelphBerg, AA (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.jaisont@uoguelph.ca; moja@uoguelph.ca; zgedalof@uoguelph.ca; aberg@uoguelph.caBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada First Research Excellence FundCanadian Space Agency (CSA)(Canadian Space Agency); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada First Research Excellence FundThis work was supported by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada First Research Excellence Fund.641616<180 Day Usage Count>722MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.MAY20201210
1543
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101543http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1210154314Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyMC6LBgold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0005433948000100 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3291-4
Attribution of spring snow water equivalent (SWE) changes over the northern hemisphere to anthropogenic effects
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSClimate change; Detection-attribution; Human effects; Northern Hemisphere; Snow water equivalentCOVER VARIABILITY; RADIOMETER DATA; PART I; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; IMPACTS; WESTERN; DEPTHIl Jeong, D; Sushama, L; Khaliq, MNJeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi; Khaliq, M. NaveedEnglishSnow is an important component of the cryosphere and it has a direct and important influence on water storage and supply in snowmelt-dominated regions. This study evaluates the temporal evolution of snow water equivalent (SWE) for the February-April spring period using the GlobSnow observation dataset for the 1980-2012 period. The analysis is performed for different regions of hemispherical to sub-continental scales for the Northern Hemisphere. The detection-attribution analysis is then performed to demonstrate anthropogenic and natural effects on spring SWE changes for different regions, by comparing observations with six CMIP5 model simulations for three different external forcings: all major anthropogenic and natural (ALL) forcings, greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing only, and natural forcing only. The observed spring SWE generally displays a decreasing trend, due to increasing spring temperatures. However, it exhibits a remarkable increasing trend for the southern parts of East Eurasia. The six CMIP5 models with ALL forcings reproduce well the observed spring SWE decreases at the hemispherical scale and continental scales, whereas important differences are noted for smaller regions such as southern and northern parts of East Eurasia and northern part of North America. The effects of ALL and GHG forcings are clearly detected for the spring SWE decline at the hemispherical scale, based on multi-model ensemble signals. The effects of ALL and GHG forcings, however, are less clear for the smaller regions or with single-model signals, indicating the large uncertainty in regional SWE changes, possibly due to stronger influence of natural climate variability.[Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi; Khaliq, M. Naveed] Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Regiona, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealIl Jeong, D (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Regiona, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, Canada.jeong@sca.uqam.caJEONG, DAE IL/0000-0002-4163-0741411920<180 Day Usage Count>112SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.JUN2017481136453658
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3291-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3291-414Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEV9RDhybrid, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004021222000120 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100185
Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSGRACE; hydrology; SWOT; altimetery; river; storageRADAR ALTIMETRY; TIME-SERIES; SCIENCE; SURFACE; SCALE; PERFORMANCE; MISSION; ENERGYCoss, S; Durand, MT; Shum, CK; Yi, YC; Yang, X; Pavelsky, T; Getirana, A; Yamazaki, DCoss, Stephen; Durand, Michael T. T.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan; Yang, Xiao; Pavelsky, Tamlin; Getirana, Augusto; Yamazaki, DaiEnglishRiver channels store large volumes of water globally, critically impacting ecological and biogeochemical processes. Despite the importance of river channel storage, there is not yet an observational constraint on this quantity. We introduce a 26-year record of entirely remotely sensed volumetric channel water storage (CWS) change on 26 major world rivers. We find mainstem volumetric CWS climatology amplitude (CA) represents an appreciable amount of basin-wide terrestrial water storage variability (median 2.78%, range 0.04%-12.54% across world rivers), despite mainstem rivers themselves represent an average of just 0.2% of basin area. We find that two global river routing schemes coupled with land surface models reasonably approximate CA (within +/- 50%) in only 11.5% (CaMa-Flood) and 30.7% (HyMap) of rivers considered. These findings demonstrate volumetric CWS is a useful quantity for assessing global hydrological model performance, and for advancing understanding of spatial patterns in global hydrology.[Coss, Stephen; Durand, Michael T. T.; Shum, C. K.; Yi, Yuchan] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Coss, Stephen; Durand, Michael T. T.; Shum, C. K.] Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Yang, Xiao; Pavelsky, Tamlin] Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; [Getirana, Augusto] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Getirana, Augusto] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Yamazaki, Dai] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, JapanUniversity System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC); University of TokyoCoss, S (corresponding author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.;Coss, S (corresponding author), Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.coss.31@osu.eduDurand, Michael/D-2885-2013Durand, Michael/0000-0003-2682-6196; Getirana, Augusto/0000-0001-9635-7220; Shum, C K/0000-0001-9378-4067NASA FINESST award [80NSSC19K1362]NASA FINESST awardThis work was supported by a NASA FINESST award (80NSSC19K1362).5800<180 Day Usage Count>22AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JAN 162023501
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100185http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GL10018510Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology8A5FPhybrid2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0009162649000210 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111317
Global Assessment of the SMAP Freeze/Thaw Data Record and Regional Applications for Detecting Spring Onset and Frost Events
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGSMAP; L-band; Freeze; Thaw; microwave remote sensing; boreal; frost; spring onsetL-BAND; SOIL-MOISTURE; MICROWAVE EMISSION; RADAR; DYNAMICS; STATE; PRODUCTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; SEASONS; SMOSKim, Y; Kimball, JS; Xu, XL; Dunbar, RS; Colliander, A; Derksen, CKim, Youngwook; Kimball, John S.; Xu, Xiaolan; Dunbar, R. Scott; Colliander, Andreas; Derksen, ChrisEnglishMore than half of the global land area undergoes seasonal frozen and thawed conditions that constrain eco-hydrological processes. The freeze-thaw (FT) retrieval from satellite microwave remote sensing detects landscape changes between frozen and non-frozen conditions due to the strong dependence of surface microwave emissions on liquid water abundance. We conducted an assessment of the latest version (R16) of the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level 3 FT (L3_FT) global product. The L3_FT product provides a global FT classification with 3-day mean temporal fidelity derived using SMAP L-band (1.4 GHz) microwave brightness temperature (Tb) retrievals. The R16 product uses both normalized polarization ratio (NPR) and single channel vertically-polarized Tb (FT-SCV) algorithms to obtain FT retrievals over land areas where frozen temperatures are a significant ecological constraint. The L3_FT product is generated in a standard global grid with similar grid cell resolution (36-km) as the SMAP radiometer footprint. An enhanced 9-km global grid L3_FT product is also produced from optimally interpolated SMAP Tb retrievals. The resulting L3_FT products span a larger domain and longer period (2015-present) than earlier product releases. The L3_FT 36-km results showed a respective global mean annual FT classification accuracy of approximately 78 and 90 percent for descending (AM) and ascending (PM) orbit observations in relation to independent surface air temperature-based FT estimates from 5000 global weather stations. The FT accuracy was lower in areas with greater terrain complexity, open water and vegetation cover; where the combined land cover factors explained 29-53% of the variability in the SMAP FT global accuracy. The L3_FT 9-km product showed an apparent enhancement of FT spatial patterns, but with 4% lower accuracy than the 36-km product; the lower 9-km accuracy was attributed to stronger degradation from land cover heterogeneity, particularly in coastal areas, and artifact noise introduced from the spatial interpolation of SMAP Tb retrievals. Selected regional applications indicated product utility in capturing anomalous frost events over Australia and seasonal thaw and spring onset patterns over Alaska. Overall, the L3_FT global accuracy meets or exceeds the FT product science requirements established by the mission, while enabling studies of dynamic FT and water mobility constraints influencing hydrological and ecosystem processes, and global water-carbon-energy cycle linkages.[Kim, Youngwook; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Xu, Xiaolan; Dunbar, R. Scott; Colliander, Andreas] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Derksen, Chris] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, CanadaUniversity of Montana System; University of Montana; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Environment & Climate Change CanadaKim, Y (corresponding author), Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.youngwook.kim@ntsg.umt.edu; johnk@ntsg.umt.edu; xiaolan.xu@jpl.nasa.gov; roy.s.dunbar@jpl.nasa.gov; andreas.colliander@jpl.nasa.gov; chris.derksen@canada.caDerksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Kimball, John S/B-9234-2011Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; NASA [NNX14AB20A, 80NSSC18K0980, NNX15AT74A, NNX14AI50G]; NASA [NNX14AI50G, 681694, NNX14AB20A, 686892] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This research was funded by NASA (NNX14AB20A, 80NSSC18K0980, NNX15AT74A, NNX14AI50G), while portions of this work were carried out the University of Montana and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with NASA. The SMAP operational data products are publicly available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).701616<180 Day Usage Count>518MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.JUN 120191111
1317
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111317http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1111131724Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyIE8UCgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004726480000600 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031712
How Have Global River Widths Changed Over Time?
ArticleWATER RESOURCES RESEARCHglobal river width; temporal variability; temporal trend; driving factorsCHANNEL MIGRATION; AREA; EMISSIONS; PATTERNS; IMAGES; PERIOD; SLOPE; WATERFeng, DM; Gleason, CJ; Yang, X; Allen, GH; Pavelsky, TMFeng, Dongmei; Gleason, Colin J.; Yang, Xiao; Allen, George H.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.EnglishChanges in a river's width reflect natural and anthropogenic impacts on local and upstream/downstream hydraulic and hydrologic processes. Temporal variation of river width also impacts biogeochemical exchange and reflects geomorphologic evolution. However, while global maps of mean river width and dynamic water surface extent exist, there is currently no standardized global assessment of river widths that documents changes over time. Therefore, we made repeated width measurements from Landsat images for all rivers wider than 90 m collected from 1984 to 2020 (named Global LOng-term river Width, GLOW), which consists of similar to 1.2 billion cross-sectional river width measurements, with an average of 3,000 width measurements per 10-km reach. With GLOW, we investigated the temporal variations of global river width, quantified by the interquartile range (IQR) and temporal trend. We found that 85% of global rivers have a width IQR <150 m. We also found that 37% of global river segments show significant temporal trends in width over the past 37 years, and this number is higher (46%) for human-regulated rivers. Further, we leveraged machine learning to identify the most important factors explaining river width variations and revealed that these driving factors are significantly different between free-flowing and non-free-flowing rivers. Specifically, the most important factor driving temporal variations in river width is the climate for free-flowing rivers, and is soil condition for human-impacted rivers. Finally, we anticipate that this study and the public release of GLOW will improve the understanding of river dynamics and catalyze additional interdisciplinary studies.[Feng, Dongmei] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA; [Gleason, Colin J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Yang, Xiao] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Marine & Environm Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA; [Allen, George H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA; [Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USAUniversity System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel HillFeng, DM (corresponding author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.fengdi@ucmail.uc.eduFeng, Dongmei/W-9990-2019Feng, Dongmei/0000-0003-3141-0371NASA New Investigator Grant [80NSSC18K0741]; NASA THP Grant [80NSSC21K0977, 80NSSC22K0987]; SWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Lab; NASA SWOT Science Team Grant [NNH19ZDA001N]NASA New Investigator Grant; NASA THP Grant; SWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Lab; NASA SWOT Science Team GrantD. Feng was supported by NASA New Investigator Grant 80NSSC18K0741 to CJ Gleason and NASA THP Grant 80NSSC21K0977 and 80NSSC22K0987. T. Pavelsky and X. Yang were supported by a contract from the SWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Lab. GH Allen was supported by NASA SWOT Science Team Grant NNH19ZDA001N. The authors thank Kieran Dunne and the other two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments which improved this manuscript.6511<180 Day Usage Count>68AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0043-13971944-7973WATER RESOUR RESWater Resour. Res.AUG2022588
e2021WR031712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031712http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021WR03171221Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources3X2CQ36249279Green Published, hybrid2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008428501000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTGlobal - oceanshttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050826
Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGprimary production; phytoplankton; photosynthesis; ocean-colour remote-sensing; climate changeMARINE PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON; NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES; SPECIES COMPOSITION; MANUKAU HARBOR; LIGHT; GROWTHKulk, G; Platt, T; Dingle, J; Jackson, T; Jonsson, BF; Bouman, HA; Babin, M; Brewin, RJW; Doblin, M; Estrada, M; Figueiras, FG; Furuya, K; Gonzalez-Benitez, N; Gudfinnsson, HG; Gudmundsson, K; Huang, BQ; Isada, T; Kovac, Z; Lutz, VA; Maranon, E; Raman, M;Kulk, Gemma; Platt, Trevor; Dingle, James; Jackson, Thomas; Joensson, Bror F.; Bouman, Heather A.; Babin, Marcel; Brewin, Robert J. W.; Doblin, Martina; Estrada, Marta; Figueiras, Francisco G.; Furuya, Ken; Gonzalez-Benitez, Natalia; Gudfinnsson, Hafsteinn G.; Gudmundsson, Kristinn; Huang, Bangqin; Isada, Tomonori; Kovac, Zarko; Lutz, Vivian A.; Maranon, Emilio; Raman, Mini; Richardson, Katherine; Rozema, Patrick D.; van de Poll, Willem H.; Segura, Valeria; Tilstone, Gavin H.; Uitz, Julia; van Dongen-Vogels, Virginie; Yoshikawa, Takashi; Sathyendranath, ShubhaEnglishPrimary production by marine phytoplankton is one of the largest fluxes of carbon on our planet. In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in estimating global primary production at high spatial and temporal scales by combining in situ measurements of primary production with remote-sensing observations of phytoplankton biomass. One of the major challenges in this approach lies in the assignment of the appropriate model parameters that define the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to the light field. In the present study, a global database of in situ measurements of photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) parameters and a 20-year record of climate quality satellite observations were used to assess global primary production and its variability with seasons and locations as well as between years. In addition, the sensitivity of the computed primary production to potential changes in the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton cells under changing environmental conditions was investigated. Global annual primary production varied from 38.8 to 42.1 Gt C yr<mml:semantics>-1</mml:semantics> over the period of 1998-2018. Inter-annual changes in global primary production did not follow a linear trend, and regional differences in the magnitude and direction of change in primary production were observed. Trends in primary production followed directly from changes in chlorophyll-a and were related to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the water column due to inter-annual and multidecadal climate oscillations. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis in which P-I parameters were adjusted by +/- 1 standard deviation showed the importance of accurately assigning photosynthetic parameters in global and regional calculations of primary production. The assimilation number of the P-I curve showed strong relationships with environmental variables such as temperature and had a practically one-to-one relationship with the magnitude of change in primary production. In the future, such empirical relationships could potentially be used for a more dynamic assignment of photosynthetic rates in the estimation of global primary production. Relationships between the initial slope of the P-I curve and environmental variables were more elusive.[Kulk, Gemma; Platt, Trevor; Dingle, James; Jackson, Thomas; Joensson, Bror F.; Tilstone, Gavin H.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Earth Observat Sci & Applicat, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England; [Bouman, Heather A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England; [Babin, Marcel] Lab Oceanog Villifranche, Marine Opt & Remote Sensing Lab, BP 8, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [Brewin, Robert J. W.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Peter Lanyon Bldg,Treliever Rd, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, England; [Doblin, Martina] Univ Technol Sydney, Plant Funct Biol & Climate Change Cluster, Fac Sci, POB 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; [Estrada, Marta] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Pg Maritim Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain; [Figueiras, Francisco G.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain; [Furuya, Ken; Yoshikawa, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan; [Gonzalez-Benitez, Natalia] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodivers & Conservat, E-28933 Madrid, Spain; [Gudfinnsson, Hafsteinn G.; Gudmundsson, Kristinn] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Skillagata 4, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Huang, Bangqin] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Fujian Prov Key Lab Coastal Ecol & Environm Studi, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China; [Isada, Tomonori] Hokkaido Univ, Akkeshi Marine Stn, Field Sci Ctr Northern Biosphere, Aikkapu 1, Akkeshi, Hokkaido 0881113, Japan; [Kovac, Zarko] Univ Split, Fac Sci, Rudera Bogkovka 33, Split 21000, Croatia; [Lutz, Vivian A.; Segura, Valeria] Inst Nacl Invest & Desarrollo Pesquero, Paseo Victoria Ocampo 1,B7602HSA, Mar Del Plata, Argentina; [Maranon, Emilio] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecol & Biol Anim, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain; [Raman, Mini] ISRO, Space Applicat Ctr, Ambawadi Vistar PO, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India; [Richardson, Katherine] Univ Copenhagen, Globe Inst, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, Univ Pk 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Rozema, Patrick D.; van de Poll, Willem H.] Univ Groningen, Energy & Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen, Dept Ocean Ecosyst, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands; [Uitz, Julia] CNRS, 181 Chem Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [Uitz, Julia] Sorbonne Univ, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, 181 Chem Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [van Dongen-Vogels, Virginie] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Oceanog & Shelf Proc Res, PMB3, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia; [Sathyendranath, Shubha] Plymouth Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, EnglandPlymouth Marine Laboratory; University of Oxford; University of Exeter; University of Technology Sydney; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro Mediterraneo de Investigaciones Marinas y Ambientales (CMIMA); CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM); University of Tokyo; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI); Xiamen University; Hokkaido University; University of Split; National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (INIDEP); Universidade de Vigo; Department of Space (DoS), Government of India; Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO); Space Applications Centre (SAC); University of Copenhagen; University of Groningen; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Plymouth Marine Laboratory; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC National Centre for Earth ObservationKulk, G (corresponding author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Earth Observat Sci & Applicat, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England.gku@pml.ac.uk; tplatt@dal.ca; jad@pml.ac.uk; thja@pml.ac.uk; brj@pml.ac.uk; heather.bouman@earth.ox.ac.uk; marcel@obs-vlfr.fr; R.Brewin@exeter.ac.uk; Martina.Doblin@uts.edu.au; marta@icm.csic.es; paco@iim.csic.es; furuya@fs.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp; natalia.gonzalez@urjc.es; hafsteinn.gudfinnsson@hafogvatn.is; kristinn.gudmundsson@hafogvatn.is; bqhuang@xmu.edu.cn; t-isada@fsc.hokudai.ac.jp; zarko.kovac@pmfst.hr; vlutz@inidep.edu.ar; em@uvigo.es; mraman@sac.isro.gov.in; kari@science.ku.dk; p.d.rozema@gmail.com; w.h.van.de.poll@rug.nl; vsegura@inidep.edu.ar; ghti@pml.ac.uk; julia.uitz@obs-vlfr.fr; v.vandongenvogels@aims.gov.au; undaria@scc.u-tokai.ac.jp; ssat@pml.ac.ukMarañón, Emilio/F-3013-2013; Richardson, Katherine/D-7592-2014; Kovac, Zarko/AAK-5470-2020; González-Benítez, natalia/H-9101-2015; Figueiras, Francisco/A-5034-2008; UITZ, Julia/Q-7487-2018; Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013; Estrada, Marta/L-6207-2014Marañón, Emilio/0000-0003-1572-2121; Richardson, Katherine/0000-0003-3785-2787; Kovac, Zarko/0000-0001-6413-8218; González-Benítez, natalia/0000-0003-0240-8221; Figueiras, Francisco/0000-0003-1810-4935; UITZ, Julia/0000-0001-5461-0216; Sathyendranath, Shubha/0000-0003-3586-192X; van de Poll, Willem/0000-0003-4095-4338; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253; furuya, ken/0000-0002-3507-5489; Kulk, Gemma/0000-0002-0224-7547; Jackson, Thomas/0000-0003-4336-1597; Isada, Tomonori/0000-0003-4286-4766; Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433; Brewin, Robert/0000-0001-5134-8291; Estrada, Marta/0000-0001-5769-9498European Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Fellowship programme (PICCOLO); Simons Foundation grant Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES) [549947]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; National Centre for Earth Observations (UK); NERC [nceo020006, pml010008] Funding Source: UKRIEuropean Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Fellowship programme (PICCOLO); Simons Foundation grant Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES); UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); National Centre for Earth Observations (UK); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This research was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Fellowship programme (PICCOLO, G.K.), the Simons Foundation grant Computational Biogeochemical Modeling of Marine Ecosystems (CBIOMES, number 549947, S.S.) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council National Capability funding for the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT, G.H.T.). This paper is a contribution to the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) and Biological Pump and Carbon Exchange Processes (BICEP) projects of ESA. Additional support from the National Centre for Earth Observations (UK) is also gratefully acknowledged.1173435<180 Day Usage Count>941MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.MAR2020125
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050826http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1205082627Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyLL4XBGreen Submitted, Green Accepted, gold, Green Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005315593000810 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024106
A Reassessment of North American River Basin Cool-season precipitation: Developments From a New Mountain Climatology Data Set
ArticleWATER RESOURCES RESEARCHSNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; WINTER PRECIPITATION; ARCTIC PRECIPITATION; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; MACKENZIE BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; SURFACE-WATER; ENERGY BUDGETWrzesien, ML; Durand, MT; Pavelsky, TMWrzesien, Melissa L.; Durand, Michael T.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.EnglishCharacterizing hydrological processes on large scales is challenging due to limitations of observational networks, remoting sensing platforms, and modeling techniques. Water balances have larger uncertainties in mountain regions, where orographic processes produce high spatial variability in precipitation patterns and snow accumulation. Recent work suggests current water budgets underestimate mountain snow water storage, perhaps indicating biases in modeled precipitation. We assess whether global hydroclimate data sets underestimate precipitation for six North American watersheds, ranging from 3-70% mountainous. By selecting a single representative year for each watershed, we compare relatively high-resolution precipitation estimates from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with four global products: Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2, the Global Land Data Assimilation System, the Global Precipitation Climatology Project, and the Climate Research Unit's climate data set. Comparisons to WRF precipitation suggest that observation-based gridded data products do not produce reasonable estimates of watershed-scale cool-season precipitation, underestimating by 1-69%. The Global Precipitation Climatology Project and the Climate Research Unit data set have average biases of -26% and -38%, respectively. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 and the Global Land Data Assimilation System show smaller underestimates relative to WRF (-17% and -21%, respectively), with nearly all mean bias from the mountains (underestimated by 27% and 39%) rather than the topographically simpler lowlands (underestimated by 5% and 2%). We suggest global products fail to capture orographic enhancement of precipitation, resulting in large underestimates of precipitation, snowfall, and snow water storage in mountains of selected North American watersheds, which highlights the need for more accurate precipitation estimates to accurately assess spatiotemporal variations in the water cycle.[Wrzesien, Melissa L.; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA; [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Durand, Michael T.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USAUniversity of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State UniversityWrzesien, ML (corresponding author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.wrzesien@unc.eduDurand, Michael Thomas/D-2885-2013Durand, Michael Thomas/0000-0003-2682-6196; Wrzesien, Melissa/0000-0003-4958-9234NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX14AT34H]; National Science Foundation grant [ACI-1053575]; NASA [NNX14AT34H, 674101] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation grant(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This work was supported in part by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship NNX14AT34H zenodo.org/record/2538179. We acknowledge high-performance computing support from the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by the National Science Foundation grant ACI-1053575. The authors would like to acknowledge comments from two anonymous reviewers that helped to strengthen the manuscript.1091212<180 Day Usage Count>213AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0043-13971944-7973WATER RESOUR RESWater Resour. Res.APR201955435023519
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024106http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR02410618Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water ResourcesHZ1HPGreen Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004685979000500 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106337
Drivers of Holocene palsa distribution in North America
ArticleQUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWSHolocene; Palaeogeography; North America; Data analysis; Permafrost peatlands; Climate envelope; Palsa; Peat plateauCONTINENTAL WESTERN CANADA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PERMAFROST CARBON; CYCLIC DEVELOPMENT; BOREAL PEATLANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; ICE-AGE; DEGLACIATION; DYNAMICSFewster, RE; Morris, PJ; Swindles, GT; Gregoire, LJ; Ivanovic, RF; Valdes, PJ; Mullan, DFewster, Richard E.; Morris, Paul J.; Swindles, Graeme T.; Gregoire, Lauren J.; Ivanovic, Ruza F.; Valdes, Paul J.; Mullan, DonalEnglishPalsas and peat plateaus are climatically sensitive landforms in permafrost peatlands. Climate envelope models have previously related palsa/peat plateau distributions in Europe to modern climate, but similar bioclimatic modelling has not been attempted for North America. Recent climate change has rendered many palsas/peat plateaus in this region, and their valuable carbon stores, vulnerable. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to predict palsa/peat plateau presence for North America by relating the distribution of 352 extant landforms to gridded modern climate data. Our model accurately classified 85.3% of grid cells that contain observed palsas/peat plateaus and 77.1% of grid cells without observed palsas/ peat plateaus. The model indicates that modern North American palsas/peat plateaus are supported by cold, dry climates with large seasonal temperature ranges and mild growing seasons. We used palaeoclimate simulations from a general circulation model to simulate Holocene distributions of palsas/peat plateaus at 500-year intervals. We constrained these outputs with timings of peat initiation, deglaciation, and postglacial drainage across the continent. Our palaeoclimate simulations indicate that this climate envelope remained stationary in western North America throughout the Holocene, but further east it migrated northwards during 11.5-6.0 Ka BP. However, palsa extents in eastern North America were restricted from following this moving climate envelope by late deglaciation, drainage and peat initiation. We validated our Holocene simulations against available palaeoecological records and whilst they agree that permafrost peatlands aggraded earliest in western North America, our simulations contest previous suggestions that late permafrost aggradation in central Canada was climatically-driven. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.[Fewster, Richard E.; Morris, Paul J.; Swindles, Graeme T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Swindles, Graeme T.; Mullan, Donal] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Gregoire, Lauren J.; Ivanovic, Ruza F.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, EnglandUniversity of Leeds; Queens University Belfast; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; University of Leeds; University of BristolFewster, RE (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.gy15ref@leeds.ac.ukFewster, Richard/AAA-4569-2021; Ivanovic, Ruza/C-5941-2012; Gregoire, Lauren/A-7005-2011Mullan, Donal/0000-0002-6363-3150; Valdes, Paul/0000-0002-1902-3283; Ivanovic, Ruza/0000-0002-7805-6018; Morris, Paul/0000-0002-1145-1478; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Fewster, Richard/0000-0001-6883-7024; Gregoire, Lauren/0000-0003-0258-7282Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research Fellowship [NE/K008536/1]Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research FellowshipThe palaeoclimate simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol. R.F.I. is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research Fellowship (NE/K008536/1).12044<180 Day Usage Count>07PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0277-37911873-457XQUATERNARY SCI REVQuat. Sci. Rev.JUL 152020240
106337
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106337http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.10633717Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMH7LQGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005469062000030 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14107
Detecting early warning signals of tree mortality in boreal North America using multiscale satellite data
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYbrowning; dieback; drought; inventory; NDVI; pests and pathogens; productivityLAND-SURFACE MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WHITE SPRUCE; HIGH-LATITUDES; CANADA BOREAL; BLACK SPRUCE; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; YUKON-TERRITORY; DROUGHT STRESS; WESTERN CANADARogers, BM; Solvik, K; Hogg, EH; Ju, JC; Masek, JG; Michaelian, M; Berner, LT; Goetz, SJRogers, Brendan M.; Solvik, Kylen; Hogg, Edward H.; Ju, Junchang; Masek, Jeffrey G.; Michaelian, Michael; Berner, Logan T.; Goetz, Scott J.EnglishIncreasing tree mortality from global change drivers such as drought and biotic infestations is a widespread phenomenon, including in the boreal zone where climate changes and feedbacks to the Earth system are relatively large. Despite the importance for science and management communities, our ability to forecast tree mortality at landscape to continental scales is limited. However, two independent information streams have the potential to inform and improve mortality forecasts: repeat forest inventories and satellite remote sensing. Time series of tree-level growth patterns indicate that productivity declines and related temporal dynamics often precede mortality years to decades before death. Plot-level productivity, in turn, has been related to satellite-based indices such as the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Here we link these two data sources to show that early warning signals of mortality are evident in several NDVI-based metrics up to 24 years before death. We focus on two repeat forest inventories and three NDVI products across western boreal North America where productivity and mortality dynamics are influenced by periodic drought. These data sources capture a range of forest conditions and spatial resolution to highlight the sensitivity and limitations of our approach. Overall, results indicate potential to use satellite NDVI for early warning signals of mortality. Relationships are broadly consistent across inventories, species, and spatial resolutions, although the utility of coarse-scale imagery in the heterogeneous aspen parkland was limited. Longer-term NDVI data and annually remeasured sites with high mortality levels generate the strongest signals, although we still found robust relationships at sites remeasured at a typical 5 year frequency. The approach and relationships developed here can be used as a basis for improving forest mortality models and monitoring systems.[Rogers, Brendan M.; Solvik, Kylen] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Hogg, Edward H.; Michaelian, Michael] Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Ju, Junchang; Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab Code 618, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Berner, Logan T.; Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ USAWoods Hole Research Center; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Northern Arizona UniversityRogers, BM (corresponding author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.brogers@whrc.orgGoetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Solvik, Kylen/0000-0001-6537-1791; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX17AE44G]National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Grant/Award Number: NNX17AE44G2395657<180 Day Usage Count>689WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUN201824622842304
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14107http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1410721Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyGH7UQ294817092023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004337177000070 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.017
Projected changes to extreme ice loads for overhead transmission lines across Canada
ArticleSUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETYDesign load; Extreme event; Freezing rain; Ice load; Transmission lines; Wind loadREGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; FREEZING RAIN; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; PART I; RCM; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; DESIGNJeong, DI; Sushama, L; Vieira, MJF; Koenig, KAJeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi; Vieira, Michael J. F.; Koenig, Kristina A.EnglishIce accretion on transmission lines can lead to serious damages from line breakage and flashover. This study investigates projected changes to design ice loads for overhead transmission lines for the 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 periods with respect to the 1976-2005 period over Canada, using transient climate change simulations of the fifth generation Canadian Regional Climate Model, for two driving Global Climate Models and two Representative Concentration Pathways. Projected changes to freezing rain characteristics are first evaluated and results suggest decreases in 50-year return levels of annual maximum daily freezing rain for the southeastern inland and coastal regions and south-western and north-eastern coastal regions of North America, but increases for other regions. Consequently, the simulations suggest statistically significant increases in 50-year return levels of annual maximum ice thickness, particularly for regions of Quebec and west of the Hudson Bay (larger than 10 mm) and some scattered increases for south-central and western Canada (mostly smaller than 3 mm). This study also helped identify regions where both wind and ice loads will increase in future climate, which can be detrimental to the electric infrastructure. Results suggest that compound event assessments would be valuable, taking into consideration larger set of simulations, to obtain more robust projections.[Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Vieira, Michael J. F.; Koenig, Kristina A.] Manitoba Hydro, Hydrol & Hydroclimat Studies Sect, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaMcGill University; McGill UniversityJeong, DI (corresponding author), Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, 475E Macdonald Engn Bldg,817 Sherbrooke St West, Montrea, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.dae.jeong2@gmail.comJEONG, DAE IL/0000-0002-4163-0741NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council -Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) programNSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council -Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) programThis research was undertaken within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes, funded through the NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council -Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) program. All CRCM5 simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada. The authors thank Jon Kell (Manitoba Hydro) for his comments, which helped improve the paper.481616<180 Day Usage Count>216ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2210-67072210-6715SUSTAIN CITIES SOCSust. Cities Soc.MAY201839639649
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.017http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.01711Construction & Building Technology; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Energy & FuelsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Construction & Building Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & FuelsGH1NO2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004331698000580 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090497
Projected Changes to Mean and Extreme Surface Wind Speeds for North America Based on Regional Climate Model Simulations
ArticleATMOSPHEREmean sea level pressure; regional climate model; surface wind speed; wind direction; wind extremes; wind gustBOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER; CANADA; PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLEJeong, DI; Sushama, LJeong, Dae Il; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishThis study evaluates projected changes to surface wind characteristics for the 2071-2100 period over North America (NA), using four Global Environmental Multiscale regional climate model simulations, driven by two global climate models (GCMs) for two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios. For the current climate, the model simulates well the climatology of mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and associated wind direction over NA. Future simulations suggest increases in mean wind speed for northern and eastern parts of Canada, associated with decreases in future MSLP, which results in more intense low-pressure systems situated in those regions such as the Aleutian and Icelandic Lows. Projected changes to annual maximum 3-hourly wind speed show more spatial variability compared to seasonal and annual mean wind speed, indicating that extreme wind speeds are influenced by regional level features associated with instantaneous surface temperature and air pressure gradients. The simulations also suggest some increases in the future 50-year return levels of 3-hourly wind speed and hourly wind gusts, mainly due to increases in the inter-annual variability of annual maximum values. The variability of projected changes to both extreme wind speed and gusts indicate the need for a larger set of projections, including those from other regional models driven by many GCMs to better quantify uncertainties in future wind extremes and their characteristics.[Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; [Jeong, Dae Il] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, CanadaMcGill University; Environment & Climate Change CanadaJeong, DI (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.;Jeong, DI (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.daeil.jeong@canada.caJEONG, DAE IL/0000-0002-4163-0741Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design, McGill UniversityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design, McGill UniversityThis research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design, McGill University. The GEM simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.641414<180 Day Usage Count>012MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereSEP2019109
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090497http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1009049719Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJC3KJgold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004891773000190 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3788-5
Snow-atmosphere coupling and its impact on temperature variability and extremes over North America
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSSnow-atmosphere; Snow depth; Snow cover; Extremes; North America; Regional climate modelREGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PART I; UNITED-STATES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; COVER; CANADA; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATIONDiro, GT; Sushama, L; Huziy, ODiro, G. T.; Sushama, L.; Huziy, O.EnglishThe impact of snow-atmosphere coupling on climate variability and extremes over North America is investigated using modeling experiments with the fifth generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). To this end, two CRCM5 simulations driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis for the 1981-2010 period are performed, where snow cover and depth are prescribed (uncoupled) in one simulation while they evolve interactively (coupled) during model integration in the second one. Results indicate systematic influence of snow cover and snow depth variability on the inter-annual variability of soil and air temperatures during winter and spring seasons. Inter-annual variability of air temperature is larger in the coupled simulation, with snow cover and depth variability accounting for 40-60% of winter temperature variability over the Mid-west, Northern Great Plains and over the Canadian Prairies. The contribution of snow variability reaches even more than 70% during spring and the regions of high snow-temperature coupling extend north of the boreal forests. The dominant process contributing to the snow-atmosphere coupling is the albedo effect in winter, while the hydrological effect controls the coupling in spring. Snow cover/depth variability at different locations is also found to affect extremes. For instance, variability of cold-spell characteristics is sensitive to snow cover/depth variation over the Mid-west and Northern Great Plains, whereas, warm-spell variability is sensitive to snow variation primarily in regions with climatologically extensive snow cover such as northeast Canada and the Rockies. Furthermore, snow-atmosphere interactions appear to have contributed to enhancing the number of cold spell days during the 2002 spring, which is the coldest recorded during the study period, by over 50%, over western North America. Additional results also provide useful information on the importance of the interactions of snow with large-scale mode of variability in modulating temperature extreme characteristics.[Diro, G. T.; Sushama, L.; Huziy, O.] Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM, Ctr ESCER, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealDiro, GT (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM, Ctr ESCER, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, Canada.diro@sca.uqam.caDiro, Gulilat T./AAD-4711-2020; Diro, GT/C-3998-2016Diro, GT/0000-0001-7037-0806Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada [433915-2012]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was carried out within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes (CNRCWP) funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [Grant No: 433915-2012] of Canada. We thank NASA and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for MERRA and ERA-Interim reanalysis products respectively. The CRCM5 simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.591515<180 Day Usage Count>523SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.APR20185029933007
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3788-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3788-515Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGA8OShybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004286002000390 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.831
Snow-precipitation coupling and related atmospheric feedbacks over North America
ArticleATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERSNorth America; North Atlantic Oscillation; precipitation; snow; snow-precipitation couplingLAND-SURFACE SCHEME; COVER; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; EXTREMES; MONSOON; IMPACT; STATESDiro, GT; Sushama, LDiro, Gulilat Tefera; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishUnderstanding snow-precipitation coupling mechanisms is of great importance both from theoretical and operational considerations. Here, carefully designed climate model experiments, with and without interactive snow, are conducted to study snow-precipitation coupling mechanisms over North America. Coupling hotspots are identified over southern Canada during December and over the central United States during January. The hotspot over southern Canada involves a positive snow-atmosphere feedback mechanism, whereby snow modifies the large-scale atmospheric features, which resembles the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation. This favors storm activity and enhanced snow over the region. The coupling over the central United States during January, on the other hand, is tied to the albedo effect of snow, which leads to cooling of the lower atmosphere, which in turn determines the precipitation phase, favoring snow formation over rain. The results from this study, in general, are informative for sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction of winter precipitation for the studied regions.[Diro, Gulilat Tefera; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Diro, Gulilat Tefera; Sushama, Laxmi] Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealDiro, GT (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Diro, GT (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal UQAM, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.gulilattef@gmail.comDiro, Gulilat T./AAD-4711-2020Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [433915-2012]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Grant/Award Number: Grant Number: 433915-20123644<180 Day Usage Count>312WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1530-261XATMOS SCI LETTAtmos. Sci. Lett.AUG2018198
e831
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.831http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl.8319Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGQ6XEgold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004418719000020 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4159
The North American tree-ring fire-scar network
ArticleECOSPHEREclimate; dendrochronology; fire regime; fire scar; humans; pyrogeography; surface fires; synthesis; topography; tree ring; wildfireLOW-SEVERITY FIRE; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; JASPER NATIONAL-PARK; LAKE TAHOE BASIN; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; EL-NINOMargolis, EQ; Guiterman, CH; Chavardes, RD; Coop, JD; Copes-Gerbitz, K; Dawe, DA; Falk, DA; Johnston, JD; Larson, E; Li, H; Marschall, JM; Naficy, CE; Naito, AT; Parisien, MA; Parks, SA; Portier, J; Poulos, HM; Robertson, KM; Speer, JH; Stambaugh, M; Swetnam, TW; Tepley, AJ; Thapa, I; Allen, CD; Bergeron, Y; Daniels, LD; Fule, PZ; Gervais, D; Girardin, MP; Harley, GL; Harvey, JE; Hoffman, KM; Huffman, JM; Hurteau, MD; Johnson, LB; Lafon, CW; Lopez, MK; Maxwell, RS; Meunier, J; North, M; Rother, MT; Schmidt, MR; Sherriff, RL; Stachowiak, LA; Taylor, A; Taylor, EJ; Trouet, V; Villarreal, ML; Yocom, LL; Arabas, KB; Arizpe, AH; Arseneault, D; Tarancon, AA; Baisan, C; Bigio, E; Biondi, F; Cahalan, GD; Caprio, A; Cerano-Paredes, J; Collins, BM; Dey, DC; Drobyshev, I; Farris, C; Fenwick, MA; Flatley, W; Floyd, ML; Gedalof, Z; Holz, A; Howard, LF; Huffman, DW; Iniguez, J; Kipfmueller, KF; Kitchen, SG; Lombardo, K; McKenzie, D; Merschel, AG; Metlen, KL; Minor, J; O'Connor, CD; Platt, L; Platt, WJ; Saladyga, T; Stan, AB; Stephens, S; Sutheimer, C; Touchan, R; Weisberg, PJMargolis, Ellis Q.; Guiterman, Christopher H.; Chavardes, Raphael D.; Coop, Jonathan D.; Copes-Gerbitz, Kelsey; Dawe, Denyse A.; Falk, Donald A.; Johnston, James D.; Larson, Evan; Li, Hang; Marschall, Joseph M.; Naficy, Cameron E.; Naito, Adam T.; Parisien, Marc-Andre; Parks, Sean A.; Portier, Jeanne; Poulos, Helen M.; Robertson, Kevin M.; Speer, James H.; Stambaugh, Michael; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Tepley, Alan J.; Thapa, Ichchha; Allen, Craig D.; Bergeron, Yves; Daniels, Lori D.; Fule, Peter Z.; Gervais, David; Girardin, Martin P.; Harley, Grant L.; Harvey, Jill E.; Hoffman, Kira M.; Huffman, Jean M.; Hurteau, Matthew D.; Johnson, Lane B.; Lafon, Charles W.; Lopez, Manuel K.; Maxwell, R. Stockton; Meunier, Jed; North, Malcolm; Rother, Monica T.; Schmidt, Micah R.; Sherriff, Rosemary L.; Stachowiak, Lauren A.; Taylor, Alan; Taylor, Erana J.; Trouet, Valerie; Villarreal, Miguel L.; Yocom, Larissa L.; Arabas, Karen B.; Arizpe, Alexis H.; Arseneault, Dominique; Tarancon, Alicia Azpeleta; Baisan, Christopher; Bigio, Erica; Biondi, Franco; Cahalan, Gabriel D.; Caprio, Anthony; Cerano-Paredes, Julian; Collins, Brandon M.; Dey, Daniel C.; Drobyshev, Igor; Farris, Calvin; Fenwick, M. Adele; Flatley, William; Floyd, M. Lisa; Gedalof, Ze'ev; Holz, Andres; Howard, Lauren F.; Huffman, David W.; Iniguez, Jose; Kipfmueller, Kurt F.; Kitchen, Stanley G.; Lombardo, Keith; McKenzie, Donald; Merschel, Andrew G.; Metlen, Kerry L.; Minor, Jesse; O'Connor, Christopher D.; Platt, Laura; Platt, William J.; Saladyga, Thomas; Stan, Amanda B.; Stephens, Scott; Sutheimer, Colleen; Touchan, Ramzi; Weisberg, Peter J.EnglishFire regimes in North American forests are diverse and modern fire records are often too short to capture important patterns, trends, feedbacks, and drivers of variability. Tree-ring fire scars provide valuable perspectives on fire regimes, including centuries-long records of fire year, season, frequency, severity, and size. Here, we introduce the newly compiled North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN), which contains 2562 sites, >37,000 fire-scarred trees, and covers large parts of North America. We investigate the NAFSN in terms of geography, sample depth, vegetation, topography, climate, and human land use. Fire scars are found in most ecoregions, from boreal forests in northern Alaska and Canada to subtropical forests in southern Florida and Mexico. The network includes 91 tree species, but is dominated by gymnosperms in the genus Pinus. Fire scars are found from sea level to >4000-m elevation and across a range of topographic settings that vary by ecoregion. Multiple regions are densely sampled (e.g., >1000 fire-scarred trees), enabling new spatial analyses such as reconstructions of area burned. To demonstrate the potential of the network, we compared the climate space of the NAFSN to those of modern fires and forests; the NAFSN spans a climate space largely representative of the forested areas in North America, with notable gaps in warmer tropical climates. Modern fires are burning in similar climate spaces as historical fires, but disproportionately in warmer regions compared to the historical record, possibly related to under-sampling of warm subtropical forests or supporting observations of changing fire regimes. The historical influence of Indigenous and non-Indigenous human land use on fire regimes varies in space and time. A 20th century fire deficit associated with human activities is evident in many regions, yet fire regimes characterized by frequent surface fires are still active in some areas (e.g., Mexico and the southeastern United States). These analyses provide a foundation and framework for future studies using the hundreds of thousands of annually- to sub-annually-resolved tree-ring records of fire spanning centuries, which will further advance our understanding of the interactions among fire, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans across North America.[Margolis, Ellis Q.; Lopez, Manuel K.] US Geol Survey, New Mexico Landscapes Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA; [Guiterman, Christopher H.; Falk, Donald A.; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Taylor, Erana J.; Trouet, Valerie; Baisan, Christopher; Touchan, Ramzi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Chavardes, Raphael D.; Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Inst Rech Forets, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada; [Coop, Jonathan D.] Western Colorado Univ, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Gunnison, CO USA; [Copes-Gerbitz, Kelsey; Daniels, Lori D.; Hoffman, Kira M.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Dawe, Denyse A.] Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Falk, Donald A.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, ENR2 Bldg, Tucson, AZ USA; [Johnston, James D.; Naficy, Cameron E.; Schmidt, Micah R.; Merschel, Andrew G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Larson, Evan] Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Dept Environm Sci & Soc, Platteville, WI USA; [Li, Hang; Speer, James H.; Thapa, Ichchha] Indiana State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Syst, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA; [Marschall, Joseph M.; Stambaugh, Michael] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA; [Naito, Adam T.] Northern Michigan Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Geog Sci, Marquette, MI 49855 USA; [Parisien, Marc-Andre] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Parks, Sean A.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA; [Portier, Jeanne] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Forest Resources & Management, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Poulos, Helen M.] Wesleyan Univ, Coll Environm, Middletown, CT USA; [Robertson, Kevin M.; Huffman, Jean M.] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL USA; [Tepley, Alan J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Tepley, Alan J.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA USA; [Allen, Craig D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Bergeron, Yves] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Fule, Peter Z.; Tarancon, Alicia Azpeleta] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Gervais, David; Girardin, Martin P.] Canadian Forest Serv, Nat Resources Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Harley, Grant L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Earth & Spatial Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA; [Harvey, Jill E.] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kamloops, BC, Canada; [Hoffman, Kira M.] Bulkley Valley Res Ctr, Smithers, BC, Canada; [Huffman, Jean M.; Platt, William J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA; [Hurteau, Matthew D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Johnson, Lane B.] Univ Minnesota, Cloquet Forestry Ctr, Cloquet, MN USA; [Lafon, Charles W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA; [Maxwell, R. Stockton] Radford Univ, Dept Geospatial Sci, Radford, VA 24142 USA; [Meunier, Jed] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Madison, WI USA; [North, Malcolm] USFS PSW, Res Stn, Mammoth Lakes, CA USA; [Rother, Monica T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA; [Sherriff, Rosemary L.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Anal, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; [Stachowiak, Lauren A.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Geosci, Cheney, WA 99004 USA; [Taylor, Alan] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Taylor, Alan] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Villarreal, Miguel L.] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA; [Yocom, Larissa L.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Yocom, Larissa L.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Arabas, Karen B.] Willamette Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Salem, OR USA; [Arizpe, Alexis H.] Austrian Acad Sci, Gregor Mendel Inst, Vienna BioCtr, Vienna, Austria; [Arseneault, Dominique] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Bigio, Erica; Biondi, Franco; Weisberg, Peter J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA; [Cahalan, Gabriel D.] Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD USA; [Caprio, Anthony] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA USA; [Cerano-Paredes, Julian] CENID RASPA INIFAP, Durango, Mexico; [Collins, Brandon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Fire Res & Outreach, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Dey, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Columbia, MO USA; [Drobyshev, Igor] Swedish Agr Univ, Southern Swedish Res Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden; [Drobyshev, Igor] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, Canada; [Farris, Calvin] Natl Pk Serv, Klamath Falls, OR USA; [Fenwick, M. Adele] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Flatley, William] Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Geog, Conway, AR USA; [Floyd, M. Lisa] Nat Hist Inst, Prescott, AZ USA; [Gedalof, Ze'ev] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Holz, Andres; Platt, Laura] Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA; [Howard, Lauren F.] Arcadia Univ, Dept Biol, Glenside, PA USA; [Huffman, David W.] No Arizona Univ, Ecol Restorat Inst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Iniguez, Jose] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Kipfmueller, Kurt F.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geog Environm & Soc, Minneapolis, MN USA; [Kitchen, Stanley G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT USA; [Lombardo, Keith] Southern Calif Res Learning Ctr, San Diego, CA USA; [McKenzie, Donald] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Metlen, Kerry L.] Nature Conservancy, Ashland, OR USA; [Minor, Jesse] Univ Maine Syst, Farmington, ME USA; [O'Connor, Christopher D.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA; [Saladyga, Thomas] Concord Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Athens, WV USA; [Stan, Amanda B.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geog Planning & Recreat, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Stephens, Scott] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Sutheimer, Colleen] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USAUnited States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Arizona; University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; University of British Columbia; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of Arizona; Oregon State University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Platteville; Indiana State University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Northern Michigan University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Wesleyan University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; University of New Mexico; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Northern Arizona University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Idaho; University of Idaho; Louisiana State University System; Louisiana State University; University of New Mexico; University of Minnesota System; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Radford University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Wilmington; California State University System; California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt; Eastern Washington University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Willamette University; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI); University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; Nature Conservancy; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-Temiscamingue; United States Department of the Interior; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Central Arkansas; University of Guelph; Portland State University; Northern Arizona University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Maine System; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Northern Arizona University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin MadisonMargolis, EQ (corresponding author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Landscapes Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA.emargolis@usgs.govBiondi, Franco/G-2536-2010; Holz, Andres/D-1826-2014; Fule, Peter/M-6609-2013Biondi, Franco/0000-0003-0651-104X; Holz, Andres/0000-0002-8587-2603; Guiterman, Christopher/0000-0002-9706-9332; Tepley, Alan/0000-0002-5701-9613; Coop, Jonathan/0000-0002-3930-340X; Copes-Gerbitz, Kelsey/0000-0003-0031-6964; Saladyga, Thomas/0000-0002-6304-4428; Fule, Peter/0000-0002-8469-0621; Dawe, Denyse/0000-0002-2790-4523U.S. Geological Survey; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies; International Research Network on Cold ForestsU.S. Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies; International Research Network on Cold ForestsU.S. Geological Survey; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec-Nature et Technologies; International Research Network on Cold Forests27066<180 Day Usage Count>58WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereJUL2022137
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4159http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.415936EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology2V2YHGreen Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008237169000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0068.1
The Role of Soil Moisture-Atmosphere Interaction on Future Hot Spells over North America as Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5)
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATELAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PART I; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; COUPLING EXPERIMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; EXTREMES; MAXIMUM; IMPACTDiro, GT; Sushama, LDiro, G. T.; Sushama, L.EnglishSoil moisture-atmosphere interactions play a key role in modulating climate variability and extremes. This study investigates how soil moisture-atmosphere coupling may affect future extreme events, particularly the role of projected soil moisture in modulating the frequency and maximum duration of hot spells over North America, using the fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). With this objective, CRCM5 simulations, driven by two coupled general circulation models (MPI-ESM and CanESM2), are performed with and without soil moisture-atmosphere interactions for current (1981-2010) and future (2071-2100) climates over North America, for representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Analysis indicates that, in future climate, the soil moisture-temperature coupling regions, located over the Great Plains in the current climate, will expand farther north, including large parts of central Canada. Results also indicate that soil moisture-atmosphere interactions will play an important role in modulating temperature extremes in the future by contributing more than 50% to the projected increase in hot-spell days over the southern Great Plains and parts of central Canada, especially for the RCP4.5 scenario. This higher contribution of soil moisture-atmosphere interactions to the future increases in hot-spell days for RCP4.5 is related to the fact that the projected decrease in soil moisture caused the soil to remain in a transitional regime between wet and dry state that is conducive to soil moisture-atmosphere coupling. For the RCP8.5 scenario, on the other hand, the future projected soil state over the southern United States and northern Mexico is too dry to have an impact on evapotranspiration and therefore on temperature.[Diro, G. T.; Sushama, L.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud & Simulat Climat Elchelle Reg, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealDiro, GT (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud & Simulat Climat Elchelle Reg, Montreal, PQ, Canada.diro@sca.uqam.caDiro, GT/C-3998-2016; Diro, Gulilat T./AAD-4711-2020Diro, GT/0000-0001-7037-0806; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [433915-2012]Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was carried out within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes (CNRCWP) funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC Grant 433915-2012). We thank the MPI and CCCma modelling groups for producing and making available their model outputs, which were used in this study to drive CRCM5 and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. We also acknowledge the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for ERA-Interim. The CRCM5 simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.491919<180 Day Usage Count>016AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.JUL2017301350415058
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0068.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0068.118Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEX2YBhybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004030962000100 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.1
A Data Assimilation Approach to Last Millennium Temperature Field Reconstruction Using a Limited High-Sensitivity Proxy Network
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEData assimilation; Paleoclimate; Surface temperature; Tree rings; Northern Hemisphere; Kalman filtersVOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; BLUE INTENSITY; CLIMATE; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; MODEL; DENDROCLIMATOLOGY; ATTRIBUTIONKing, JM; Anchukaitis, KJ; Tierney, JE; Hakim, GJ; Emile-Geay, J; Zhu, F; Wilson, RKing, Jonathan M.; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Tierney, Jessica E.; Hakim, Gregory J.; Emile-Geay, Julien; Zhu, Feng; Wilson, RobEnglishWe use the Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Network Development (NTREND) tree-ring database to examine the effects of using a small, highly sensitive proxy network for paleotemperature data assimilation over the last millennium. We first evaluate our methods using pseudoproxy experiments. These indicate that spatial assimilations using this network are skillful in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere and improve on previous NTREND reconstructions based on point-by-point regression. We also find our method is sensitive to climate model biases when the number of sites becomes small. Based on these experiments, we then assimilate the real NTREND network. To quantify model prior uncertainty, we produce 10 separate reconstructions, each assimilating a different climate model. These reconstructions are most dissimilar prior to 1100 CE, when the network becomes sparse, but show greater consistency as the network grows. Temporal variability is also underestimated before 1100 CE. Our assimilation method produces spatial uncertainty estimates, and these identify tree-line North America and eastern Siberia as regions that would most benefit from development of new millennial-length temperature-sensitive tree-ring records. We compare our multimodel mean reconstruction to five existing paleotemperature products to examine the range of reconstructed responses to radiative forcing. We find substantial differences in the spatial patterns and magnitudes of reconstructed responses to volcanic eruptions and in the transition between the Medieval epoch and Little Ice Age. These extant uncertainties call for the development of a paleoclimate reconstruction intercomparison framework for systematically examining the consequences of proxy network composition and reconstruction methodology and for continued expansion of tree-ring proxy networks.[King, Jonathan M.; Tierney, Jessica E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [King, Jonathan M.; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog Dev & Environm, Tucson, AZ USA; [Hakim, Gregory J.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Emile-Geay, Julien; Zhu, Feng] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA; [Wilson, Rob] Univ St Andrews, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, ScotlandUniversity of Arizona; University of Arizona; University of Arizona; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Southern California; University of St AndrewsKing, JM (corresponding author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.;King, JM (corresponding author), Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.jonking93@email.arizona.eduZhu, Feng/AAO-2815-2021; Emile-Geay, Julien/B-1102-2010; Wilson, Rob/S-9147-2016Zhu, Feng/0000-0002-9969-2953; King, Jonathan/0000-0003-0834-2200; Emile-Geay, Julien/0000-0001-5920-4751; Wilson, Rob/0000-0003-4486-8904Climate Program Office of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA Grants) [NA18OAR4310420, NA18OAR4310426, NA18OAR4310422]; NSF [AGS-1702423, AGS-1803946, AGS-1602301]; Heising-Simons Foundation [2016-05]Climate Program Office of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA Grants); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Heising-Simons FoundationThe authors acknowledge support from the Climate Program Office of the National Oceanographic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAAGrants NA18OAR4310420 toKJA, NA18OAR4310426 toJEGand FZ, andNA18OAR4310422 to GJH). GJH also acknowledges support from the NSF through Grant AGS-1702423. JMK and KJA were supported by NSF Grant AGS-1803946. JET and JMK acknowledge support from NSF Grant AGS-1602301 and Heising-Simons Foundation Grant 2016-05. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 2 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output.11444<180 Day Usage Count>48AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.SEP2021341770917111
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0661.121Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesYV2UOGreen Submitted2023-03-12WOS:0007525870000090 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0083.1
Diagnosing the Impacts of Northern Hemisphere Surface Albedo Biases on Simulated Climate
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEAtmosphere-land interaction; Albedo; Climate variability; Snow cover; Climate models; Model evaluation/performanceSNOW COVER; EVALUATING BIASES; LARGE-ENSEMBLE; PART I; FEEDBACK; MODEL; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; OSCILLATION; UNCERTAINTYThackeray, CW; Fletcher, CG; Derksen, CThackeray, Chad W.; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Derksen, ChrisEnglishMany Earth system models contain substantial biases in the magnitude and seasonal cycle of the albedo of snow-covered surfaces. Various structural and parametric deficiencies have been identified as potential causes of these albedo biases, related to vegetation distribution and abundance, snow albedo, and the representation of snow interception by forest canopies. There is, however, little understanding of how the albedo biases directly influence simulated climate because of difficulties in isolating them from other complex processes and feedbacks. In this study, we conduct a number of novel simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model (CESM), replacing the model's internal surface albedo calculation with values prescribed from observations or from other model simulations. Results show that while biases in surface albedo are largest in winter, those during spring have the greatest impact on surface climate because incoming solar radiation is much stronger. Correcting biases in the seasonal cycle of albedo in CESM reduces climatological temperature biases across the boreal region in spring and partially corrects Arctic sea level pressure biases, but due to compensating errors, overall climate biases are not always reduced. Additionally, we impose albedo patterns extracted from other climate models with large positive and negative albedo biases to illustrate the climate responses that can result. Prescribed surface albedo produces significant impacts on surface radiation, near-surface land temperatures, and, more rarely, atmospheric circulation. This is important because small changes to mean climate during spring can have major implications for the snow and surface radiation regimes.[Thackeray, Chad W.; Fletcher, Christopher G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Thackeray, Chad W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Derksen, Chris] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Environment & Climate Change CanadaThackeray, CW (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Thackeray, CW (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.cwthackeray@ucla.eduThackeray, Chad/ABD-8474-2021; Derksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Fletcher, Christopher G/I-4168-2012Thackeray, Chad/0000-0002-3757-9015; Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Fletcher, Christopher G/0000-0002-4393-5565Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program; NSERC's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative via the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy; Canada Foundation for Innovation under Compute CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative via the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto(University of Toronto); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Canada Foundation for Innovation under Compute CanadaWe acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program and NSERC's Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Initiative via the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution (CanSISE) Network. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments. Computations were performed on the General Purpose Cluster supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium (Loken et al. 2010). SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the U.S. Department of Energy. Results from our simulations are available upon request to the corresponding author.631212<180 Day Usage Count>222AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.MAR201932617771795
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0083.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0083.119Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHN9POBronze2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004605316000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0184.1
Effects of Memory Biases on Variability of Temperature Reconstructions
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATESurface temperature; Tree rings; Spectral analysis; models; distribution; Hindcasts; Climate variabilityCLIMATE FORCING RECONSTRUCTIONS; TREE-RING WIDTH; LAST MILLENNIUM; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; BLUE INTENSITY; HEMISPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PMIP SIMULATIONS; MODELS; DENSITYLucke, LJ; Hegerl, GC; Schurer, A; Wilson, RLucke, Lucie J.; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew; Wilson, RobEnglishQuantifying past climate variation and attributing its causes improves our understanding of the natural variability of the climate system. Tree-ring-based proxies have provided skillful and highly resolved reconstructions of temperature and hydroclimate of the last millennium. However, like all proxies, they are subject to uncertainties arising from varying data quality, coverage, and reconstruction methodology. Previous studies have suggested that biological-based memory processes could cause spectral biases in climate reconstructions. This study determines the effects of such biases on reconstructed temperature variability and the resultant implications for detection and attribution studies. We find that introducing persistent memory, reflecting the spectral properties of tree-ring data, can change the variability of pseudoproxy reconstructions compared to the surrogate climate and resolve certain model-proxy discrepancies. This is especially the case for proxies based on ring-width data. Such memory inflates the difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age and suppresses and extends the cooling in response to volcanic eruptions. When accounting for memory effects, climate model data can reproduce long-term cooling after volcanic eruptions, as seen in proxy reconstructions. Results of detection and attribution studies show that signals in reconstructions as well as residual unforced variability are consistent with those in climate models when the model fingerprints are adjusted to reflect autoregressive memory as found in tree rings.[Lucke, Lucie J.; Hegerl, Gabriele C.; Schurer, Andrew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Wilson, Rob] Univ St Andrews, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland; [Wilson, Rob] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Tree Ring Lab, Palisades, NY USAUniversity of Edinburgh; University of St Andrews; Columbia UniversityLucke, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.lucie.luecke@ed.ac.uk; Wilson, Rob/S-9147-2016Lucke, Lucie/0000-0002-6185-4830; Schurer, Andrew/0000-0002-9176-3622; Wilson, Rob/0000-0003-4486-8904; Hegerl, Gabriele/0000-0002-4159-1295Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership [NE/L002558/1]; NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy [NE/P006752/1]; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society [WM130060]; NERC [NE/P006752/1] Funding Source: UKRINatural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society(Royal Society of London); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))L.L. was supported by a studentship from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership (Grant NE/L002558/1). A.S. and G.H. were supported by NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy (NE/P006752/1). G.H. was further funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society as a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060) holder. We acknowledge the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for producing and making publicly available their model output. We acknowledge the Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Network Development (N-TREND) for providing publicly available data. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The datasets and code generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.751717<180 Day Usage Count>414AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.DEC2019322487138731
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0184.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0184.119Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJS3RQGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, Bronze2023-03-12WOS:0005002264000010 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1579-2020
Evaluation of long-term Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent products
ArticleCRYOSPHEREPASSIVE MICROWAVE REMOTE; RADIOMETER DATA; SIERRA-NEVADA; RIVER-BASIN; IN-SITU; DEPTH; CLIMATE; COVER; ASSIMILATION; MODELMortimer, C; Mudryk, L; Derksen, C; Luojus, K; Brown, R; Kelly, R; Tedesco, MMortimer, Colleen; Mudryk, Lawrence; Derksen, Chris; Luojus, Kari; Brown, Ross; Kelly, Richard; Tedesco, MarcoEnglishNine gridded Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent (SWE) products were evaluated as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Satellite Snow Product Intercomparison and Evaluation Exercise (SnowPEx). Three categories of datasets were assessed: (1) those utilizing some form of reanalysis (the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 - GLDAS-2; the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim land surface reanalysis - ERA-Interim/Land and ERAS; the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 1 (MERRA) and version 2 (MERRA-2); the Crocus snow model driven by ERA-Interim meteorology - Crocus); (2) passive microwave remote sensing combined with daily surface snow depth observations (ESA GlobSnow v2.0); and (3) stand-alone passive microwave retrievals (NASA AMSR-E SWE versions 1.0 and 2.0) which do not utilize surface snow observations. Evaluation included validation against independent snow course measurements from Russia, Finland, and Canada and product intercomparison through the calculation of spatial and temporal correlations in SWE anomalies. The stand-alone passive microwave SWE products (AMSR-E v1.0 and v2.0 SWE) exhibit low spatial and temporal correlations to other products and RMSE nearly double the best performing product. Constraining passive microwave retrievals with surface observations (GlobSnow) provides performance comparable to the reanalysis-based products; RMSE over Finland and Russia for all but the AMSR-E products is similar to 50 mm or less, with the exception of ERA-Interim/Land over Russia. Using a seven-dataset ensemble that excluded the stand-alone passive microwave products reduced the RMSE by 10 mm (20 %) and increased the correlation from 0.67 to 0.78 compared to any individual product. The overall performance of the best multiproduct combinations is still at the margins of acceptable uncertainty for scientific and operational requirements; only through combined and integrated improvements in remote sensing, modeling, and observations will real progress in SWE product development be achieved.[Mortimer, Colleen; Mudryk, Lawrence; Derksen, Chris; Brown, Ross] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Luojus, Kari] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Kelly, Richard] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Tedesco, Marco] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [Tedesco, Marco] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USAEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Finnish Meteorological Institute; University of Waterloo; Columbia University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterMortimer, C (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.colleen.mortimer@canada.caDerksen, Chris/S-9828-2017Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Luojus, Kari/0000-0002-4066-6005; Brown, Ross/0000-0001-7196-2686754848<180 Day Usage Count>722COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereMAY 15202014515791594
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1579-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1579-202016Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyLQ8UMgold, Green Submitted2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005352737000010 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6363
An empirical prediction approach for seasonal fire risk in the boreal forests
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGYempirical modelling; forecasting (methods); forest fire; seasonal predictionCARBON EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PREDICTABILITY; ECOREGIONS; FREQUENCYEden, JM; Krikken, F; Drobyshev, IEden, Jonathan M.; Krikken, Folmer; Drobyshev, IgorEnglishThe ability to predict forest fire risk at monthly, seasonal and above-annual time scales is critical to mitigate its impacts, including fire-driven dynamics of ecosystem and socio-economic services. Fire is the primary driving factor of the ecosystem dynamics in the boreal forest, directly affecting global carbon balance and atmospheric concentrations of the trace gases including carbon dioxide. Resilience of the ocean-atmosphere system provides potential for advanced detection of upcoming fire season intensity. Here, we report on the development of a probabilistic empirical prediction system for forest fire risk on monthly-to-seasonal timescales across the circumboreal region. Quasi-operational ensemble forecasts are generated for monthly drought code (MDC), an established indicator for seasonal fire activity in the Boreal biome based on monthly maximum temperature and precipitation values. Historical MDC forecasts are validated against observations, with good skill found across northern Eurasia and North America. In addition, we show that the MDC forecasts are an excellent indicator for satellite-derived observations of burned area in large parts of the Boreal region. Our discussion considers the relative value of forecast information to a range of stakeholders when disseminated before and during the fire season. We also discuss the wider role of empirical predictions in benchmarking dynamical forecast systems and in conveying forecast information in a simple and digestible manner.[Eden, Jonathan M.] Coventry Univ, CAWR, Coventry, W Midlands, England; [Krikken, Folmer] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; [Drobyshev, Igor] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Alnarp, Sweden; [Drobyshev, Igor] Univ Quebec Abitibi Temiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, PQ, CanadaCoventry University; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Quebec; University Quebec Abitibi-TemiscamingueEden, JM (corresponding author), Coventry Univ, CAWR, Coventry, W Midlands, England.jonathan.eden@coventry.ac.uk; Drobyshev, Igor/D-9220-2016Eden, Jonathan/0000-0001-6632-177X; Drobyshev, Igor/0000-0002-5980-4316Belmont ForumBelmont ForumBelmont Forum, Grant/Award Number: PREREAL3444<180 Day Usage Count>112WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0899-84181097-0088INT J CLIMATOLInt. J. Climatol.APR202040527322744
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6363http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.63632019-11-01 00:00:0013Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKY5RQGreen Accepted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004954249000010 YMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05425-w
Arctic precipitation and surface wind speed associated with cyclones in a changing climate
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSArctic cyclone; Wind speed; Precipitation; Climate change; Regional climate modelMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; ERA-INTERIM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EAST-ASIA; SEA-ICE; PART I; WEATHER; CMIP5; NCEPOh, SG; Sushama, L; Teufel, BOh, Seok-Geun; Sushama, Laxmi; Teufel, BernardoEnglishThis study assesses Arctic cyclone characteristics and associated precipitation and surface wind speeds using an ensemble of regional climate model (GEMCLIM) simulations at 0.5 degrees resolution for the 1981-2099 period following the RCP8.5 scenario. Comparison of GEMCLIM simulation with observations for current climate (1981-2010) suggests that GEMCLIM realistically reproduces the spatial and seasonal variation of Arctic cyclone frequency and intensity, and associated precipitation, for winter and summer. Clear added-value is found for several regions, compared to the driving data. The pressure-wind speed relationships for each region are reasonably reproduced and more extreme winds associated with increasing cyclone intensity are realistically simulated. In addition, the spatial and temporal variations of observed extreme cyclones are well captured. In future climate (2070-2099), the winter cyclone intensity and frequency, and associated precipitation, are projected to increase and decrease over the Aleutian and Icelandic Low regions, respectively. For summer, the projected changes are relatively smaller than those for winter and vary with region. Interestingly, significant decreases in cyclone contribution to total precipitation are found for northern Canada and Eurasia regions, despite increases in cyclone-related precipitation amount. This suggests stronger influence of mesoscale systems on precipitation compared to synoptic-scale systems. Enhanced pressure-wind speed relationships are projected for Arctic Canada and the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. The increase of extreme cyclones during autumn is primarily related to sea ice loss during summer, while for winter, large-scale circulation changes (i.e. Arctic dipole) are mostly responsible due to strong sea ice loss in the central Arctic during autumn. This study demonstrates the added-value of dynamic downscaling with respect to Arctic cyclone characteristics and associated surface variables and provides useful insights regarding their future projections for use in risk assessment studies.[Oh, Seok-Geun; Sushama, Laxmi; Teufel, Bernardo] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill UniversityOh, SG (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada.seokgeun.oh@mcgill.caOh, Seok-Geun/0000-0001-7496-9402; Teufel, Bernardo/0000-0003-1331-2030Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED)This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI) and the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED). The GEMCLIM simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Compute Canada and Calcul Quebec.5322<180 Day Usage Count>325SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.DEC20205530673085
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05425-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05425-w2020-08-01 00:00:0019Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOH1OB2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005649564000030 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2495-2020
Historical Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends and projected changes in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble
ArticleCRYOSPHEREMODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; WATER EQUIVALENT; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; SURFACE ALBEDO; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; PRECIPITATION; DEPTH; TEMPERATUREMudryk, L; Santolaria-Otin, M; Krinner, G; Menegoz, M; Derksen, C; Brutel-Vuilmet, C; Brady, M; Essery, RMudryk, Lawrence; Santolaria-Otin, Maria; Krinner, Gerhard; Menegoz, Martin; Derksen, Chris; Brutel-Vuilmet, Claire; Brady, Mike; Essery, RichardEnglishThis paper presents an analysis of observed and simulated historical snow cover extent and snow mass, along with future snow cover projections from models participating in the World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Where appropriate, the CMIP6 output is compared to CMIP5 results in order to assess progress (or absence thereof) between successive model generations. An ensemble of six observation-based products is used to produce a new time series of historical Northern Hemisphere snow extent anomalies and trends; a subset of four of these products is used for snow mass. Trends in snow extent over 1981-2018 are negative in all months and exceed - 50 x 10(3) km(2) yr(-1) during November, December, March, and May. Snow mass trends are approximately -5 Gt yr(-1) or more for all months from December to May. Overall, the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble better represents the snow extent climatology over the 1981-2014 period for all months, correcting a low bias in CMIP5. Simulated snow extent and snow mass trends over the 1981-2014 period are stronger in CMIP6 than in CMIP5, although large inter-model spread remains in the simulated trends for both variables. There is a single linear relationship between projected spring snow extent and global surface air temperature (GSAT) changes, which is valid across all CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. This finding suggests that Northern Hemisphere spring snow extent will decrease by about 8 % relative to the 1995-2014 level per degree Celsius of GSAT increase. The sensitivity of snow to temperature forcing largely explains the absence of any climate change pathway dependency, similar to other fast-response components of the cryosphere such as sea ice and near-surface permafrost extent.[Mudryk, Lawrence; Derksen, Chris; Brady, Mike] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; [Santolaria-Otin, Maria; Krinner, Gerhard; Menegoz, Martin; Brutel-Vuilmet, Claire] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IGE, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, ScotlandEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of EdinburghMudryk, L (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.lawrence.mudryk@canada.caKrinner, Gerhard/AAB-8837-2022; Derksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Santolaria-Otín, María/AAB-6583-2021Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; CliC core project of WCRP; NERC [NE/P011926/1] Funding Source: UKRICliC core project of WCRP; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access, and the multiple funding agencies who support CMIP6 and ESGF. We also thank the CliC core project of WCRP for supporting ESM-SnowMIP.805561<180 Day Usage Count>2155COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJUL 31202014724952514
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2495-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2495-202020Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMY8COGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005586436000010 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.007
Retrieving landscape freeze/thaw state from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SNAP) radar and radiometer measurements
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTSMAP; Radar; Passive microwave; Freeze/thawBOREAL; FOREST; CARBON; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH; FROZEN; THAWDerksen, C; Xu, XL; Dunbar, RS; Colliander, A; Kim, Y; Kimball, JS; Black, TA; Euskirchen, E; Langlois, A; Loranty, MM; Marsh, P; Rautiainen, K; Roy, A; Royer, A; Stephens, JDerksen, Chris; Xu, Xiaolan; Dunbar, R. Scott; Colliander, Andreas; Kim, Youngwook; Kimball, John S.; Black, T. Andrew; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Langlois, Alexandre; Loranty, Michael M.; Marsh, Philip; Rautiainen, Kimmo; Roy, Alexandre; Royer, Alain; Stephens, JilmarieEnglishOver one-third of the global land area undergoes a seasonal transition between predominantly frozen and non-frozen conditions each year, with the land surface freeze/thaw (FT) state a significant control on hydrological and biospheric processes over northern land areas and at high elevations. The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission produced a daily landscape FT product at 3-km spatial resolution derived from ascending and descending orbits of SMAP high-resolution L-band (1.4 GHz) radar measurements. Following the failure of the SMAP radar in July 2015, coarser (36-km) footprint SMAP radiometer inputs were used to develop an alternative daily passive microwave freeze/thaw product. In this study, in situ observations are used to examine differences in the sensitivity of the 3-km radar versus the 36-km radiometer measurements to the landscape freeze/thaw state during the period of overlapping instrument operation. Assessment of the retrievals at high-latitude SMAP core validation sites showed excellent agreement with in situ flags, exceeding the 80% SMAP mission accuracy requirement. Similar performance was found for the radar and radiometer products using both air temperature and soil temperature derived FT reference flags. There was a tendency for SMAP thaw retrievals to lead the surface flags due to the influence of wet snow cover conditions on both the radar and radiometer signal. Comparison with other satellite derived FT products showed those derived from passive measurements (SMAP radiometer; Aquarius radiometer; Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - 2) retrieved less frozen area than the active products (SMAP radar; Aquarius radar). Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Inc.[Derksen, Chris] Environm & Climate Change, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Xu, Xiaolan; Dunbar, R. Scott; Colliander, Andreas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Kim, Youngwook; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Black, T. Andrew; Stephens, Jilmarie] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Langlois, Alexandre; Roy, Alexandre; Royer, Alain] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rautiainen, Kimmo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, FinlandEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of British Columbia; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Sherbrooke; Colgate University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Finnish Meteorological InstituteDerksen, C (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada.chris.derksen@canada.caDerksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Kimball, John S/B-9234-2011; Xu, Xiaolan/U-3654-2018; Rautiainen, Kimmo/B-4106-2018; Loranty, Michael Mark/A-1518-2009; Colliander, Andreas/M-9864-2018Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Xu, Xiaolan/0000-0003-4321-7931; Rautiainen, Kimmo/0000-0003-0321-578X; Loranty, Michael Mark/0000-0001-8851-7386; Colliander, Andreas/0000-0003-4093-8119; Stephens, Jilmarie/0000-0002-0066-2974National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [PLR-1304464]; National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs Arctic Observatory Network [0632264, 1107892]; Canadian Space Agency; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1623764, 1304464, 1545558, 1503912] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs Arctic Observatory Network; Canadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))The research described in this publication was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ML received support from the National Science Foundation PLR-1304464. Work at the Imnavait sites was funded by the National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs Arctic Observatory Network grant numbers 0632264 and 1107892 Canadian contributions to the SMAP mission are supported by the Canadian Space Agency.368790<180 Day Usage Count>229ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.JUN 120171944862
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.007http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.00715Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyEV6OLhybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004018886000040 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0721.1
Spatiotemporal Changes in Active Layer Thickness under Contemporary and Projected Climate in the Northern Hemisphere
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATESEASONAL SNOW COVER; HEIHE RIVER-BASIN; THERMAL REGIME; SEA-ICE; PERMAFROST; CMIP5; LAND; THAW; TEMPERATURES; MOUNTAINPeng, XQ; Zhang, TJ; Frauenfeld, OW; Wang, K; Luo, DL; Cao, B; Su, H; Jin, HJ; Wu, QBPeng, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Tingjun; Frauenfeld, Oliver W.; Wang, Kang; Luo, Dongliang; Cao, Bin; Su, Hang; Jin, Huijun; Wu, QingbaiEnglishVariability of active layer thickness (ALT) in permafrost regions is critical for assessments of climate change, water resources, and engineering applications. Detailed knowledge of ALT variations is also important for studies on ecosystem, hydrological, and geomorphological processes in cold regions. The primary objective of this study is therefore to provide a comprehensive 1971-2000 climatology of ALT and its changes across the entire Northern Hemisphere from 1850 through 2100. To accomplish this, in situ observations, the Stefan solution based on a thawing index, and the edaphic factor (E factor) are employed to calculate ALT. The thawing index is derived from (i) the multimodel ensemble mean of 16 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) over 1850-2005, (ii) three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) for 2006-2100, and (iii) Climatic Research Unit (CRU) gridded observations for 1901-2014. The results show significant spatial variability in in situ ALT that generally ranges from 40 to 320 cm, with some extreme values of 900 cm in the Alps. The differences in the ALT climatology between the three RCPs and the historical experiments ranged from 0 to 200 cm. The biggest increases, of 120-200 cm, are on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, while the smallest increases of less than 20 cm are in Alaska. Averaged over all permafrost regions, mean ALT from CMIP5 increased significantly at 0.57 +/- 0.04 cm decade(-1) during 1850-2005, while 2006-2100 projections show ALT increases of 0.77 +/- 0.08 cm decade(-1) for RCP2.6, 2.56 +/- 0.07 cm decade(-1) for RCP4.5, and 6.51 +/- 0.07 cm decade(-1) for RCP8.5.[Peng, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Tingjun; Cao, Bin; Su, Hang] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Frauenfeld, Oliver W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA; [Wang, Kang] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Luo, Dongliang; Jin, Huijun; Wu, Qingbai] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Chinese Academy of SciencesZhang, TJ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.tjzhang@lzu.edu.cnFrauenfeld, Oliver W./ABE-9259-2020; Luo, Dongliang/Q-9637-2016; Cao, Bin/AAH-7172-2019; Frauenfeld, Oliver W./AAE-1869-2020; peng, xiaoqing/ABE-1509-2021; Wang, Kang/J-7351-2019; ZHANG, TINGJUN/AAX-3662-2020Luo, Dongliang/0000-0001-5844-3638; Cao, Bin/0000-0003-2473-2276; peng, xiaoqing/0000-0002-1789-7809; Wang, Kang/0000-0003-3416-572X; ZHANG, Tingjun/0000-0001-6974-9501; /0000-0002-6079-2658National Natural Science Foundation of China [91325202]; National Key Scientific Research Program of China [2013CBA01802]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [lzujbky-2015-217, lzujbky-2015-215, lzujbky-2015-ot03]National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); National Key Scientific Research Program of China; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 91325202), the National Key Scientific Research Program of China (Grant 2013CBA01802), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2015-217, lzujbky-2015-215, and lzujbky-2015-ot03). We acknowledged the international modeling groups for providing their model outputs and the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model datasets. We thank Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring and Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost for the ALT datasets. We also thank the editor and reviewers for their constructive and thoughtful comments, which helped us to improve this manuscript.995970<180 Day Usage Count>960AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.JAN2018311251266
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0721.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0721.116Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGC1GNBronze2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004295288000140 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTPolar oceanshttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2437-2018
Empirical parametrization of Envisat freeboard retrieval of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice based on CryoSat-2: progress in the ESA Climate Change Initiative
ArticleCRYOSPHERERADAR FREEBOARD; WEDDELL SEA; SNOW DEPTH; THICKNESS; VARIABILITY; ALTIMETER; TRENDSPaul, S; Hendricks, S; Ricker, R; Kern, S; Rinne, EPaul, Stephan; Hendricks, Stefan; Ricker, Robert; Kern, Stefan; Rinne, EeroEnglishIn order to derive long-term changes in sea-ice volume, a multi-decadal sea-ice thickness record is required. CryoSat-2 has showcased the potential of radar altimetry for sea-ice mass-balance estimation over the recent years. However, precursor altimetry missions such as Environmental Satellite (Envisat) have not been exploited to the same extent so far. Combining both missions to acquire a decadal sea-ice volume data set requires a method to overcome the discrepancies due to different footprint sizes from either pulselimited or beam-sharpened radar echoes. In this study, we implemented an inter-mission-consistent surface-type classification scheme for both hemispheres, based on the waveform pulse peakiness, leading-edge width, and surface backscatter. In order to achieve a consistent retracking procedure, we adapted the threshold first-maximum retracker algorithm, previously used only for CryoSat-2, to develop an adaptive retracker threshold that depends on waveform characteristics. With our method, we produce a global and consistent freeboard data set for CryoSat-2 and Envisat. This novel data set features a maximum monthly difference in the mission-overlap period of 2.2 cm (2.7 cm) for the Arctic (Antarctic) based on all gridded values with spatial resolution of 25km x 25km and 50km x 50km for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively.[Paul, Stephan; Hendricks, Stefan; Ricker, Robert] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Paul, Stephan] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Geog, Munich, Germany; [Kern, Stefan] Integrated Climate Data Ctr, Hamburg, Germany; [Rinne, Eero] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, FinlandHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Munich; Finnish Meteorological InstitutePaul, S (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.;Paul, S (corresponding author), Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Geog, Munich, Germany.stephan.paul@awi.dePaul, Stephan/I-5918-2019; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011; Ricker, Robert/Z-4214-2019Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-5136-714X; Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146; Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Kern, Stefan/0000-0001-7281-3746; Rinne, Eero/0000-0002-4796-3387ESA Climate Change InitiativeESA Climate Change InitiativeThis work was funded through the ESA Climate Change Initiative. The authors would like to thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI Bern) for its support to an international team focused on current scientific issues in the observation of sea level and sea ice at polar latitudes, which fostered fruitful discussion on the ideas for this paper. Furthermore, the valuable comments of three reviewers (Thomas Armitage, Nathan Kurtz, and Sara Fleury) as well as editor Jennifer Hutchings are very much appreciated and greatly improved this paper.564243<180 Day Usage Count>011COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJUL 25201812724372460
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2437-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2437-201824Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGO2XZGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-13WOS:0004398458000030 NMethodologicalScope beyond NWTPolar regionshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00367-z
Improved prediction of the vertical distribution of ground ice in Arctic-Antarctic permafrost sediments
ArticleCOMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTMCMURDO DRY VALLEYS; ACTIVE-LAYER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; UNIVERSITY VALLEY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEACON VALLEY; THERMAL STATE; FREEZE-THAW; SOIL; WATERLacelle, D; Fisher, DA; Verret, M; Pollard, WLacelle, Denis; Fisher, David A.; Verret, Marjolaine; Pollard, WayneEnglishFrost susceptibility of permafrost sediments is strongly influenced by unfrozen water content, which is dependent on sediment type, soil water chemistry, and temperature, according to field observations and ensemble modeling prediction of ground ice formation in Arctic-Antarctic sediments. Global warming and permafrost degradation are impacting landscapes, ecosystems and the climate-carbon system. Current ground ice and geohazard maps rely on the frost susceptibility of surficial sediments, and substantial areas underestimate ice abundance. Here we use a soil environmental model to show the importance of considering unfrozen water content (dependent on sediment type, soil water chemistry, and temperature) when assessing the frost susceptibility of sediments. Our ensemble modeling of the vertical structure and evolution of ground ice for fine to coarse-grained sediments matches reasonably well with field measurements at sites from the low Arctic to the cold and hyper-arid Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Our modeling indicates a need to re-evaluate how frost-susceptible sediments are identified when mapping ice-rich permafrost landscapes and provides a framework for the development of quantitative estimates of the vertical distribution of ground ice in permafrost sediments at regional scale.[Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Fisher, David A.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Verret, Marjolaine] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6011, New Zealand; [Pollard, Wayne] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; Victoria University Wellington; McGill UniversityLacelle, D (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.dlacelle@uottawa.caLacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717; Verret, Marjolaine/0000-0002-3857-526X; Pollard, Wayne H./0000-0003-2727-9745Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant to D.L. and W.P. All samples were collected in accordance with relevant permits. We thank M. Diaz and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the manuscript.8600<180 Day Usage Count>318SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-4435COMMUN EARTH ENVIRONCommun. Earth Environ.FEB 17202231
31
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00367-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00367-z12Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesZC3LOgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007574258000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012807
A Meteoric Water Budget for the Arctic Ocean
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSLIQUID FRESH-WATER; SEA-ICE; NARES STRAIT; RIVER-RUNOFF; PACIFIC WATERS; LAPTEV SEA; VOLUME; EXPORT; HALOCLINE; TIMEAlkire, MB; Morison, J; Schweiger, A; Zhang, JL; Steele, M; Peralta-Ferriz, C; Dickinson, SAlkire, Matthew B.; Morison, James; Schweiger, Axel; Zhang, Jinlun; Steele, Michael; Peralta-Ferriz, Cecilia; Dickinson, SuzanneEnglishA budget of meteoric water (MW=river runoff, net precipitation minus evaporation, and glacial meltwater) over four regions of the Arctic Ocean is constructed using a simple box model, regional precipitation-evaporation estimates from reanalysis data sets, and estimates of import and export fluxes derived from the literature with a focus on the 2003-2008 period. The budget indicates an approximate/slightly positive balance between MW imports and exports (i.e., no change in storage); thus, the observed total freshwater increase observed during this time period likely resulted primarily from changes in non-MW freshwater components (i.e., increases in sea ice melt or Pacific water and/or a decrease in ice export). Further, our analysis indicates that the MW increase observed in the Canada Basin resulted from a spatial redistribution of MW over the Arctic Ocean. Mean residence times for MW were estimated for the Western Arctic (5-7 years), Eastern Arctic (3-4 years), and Lincoln Sea (1-2 years). The MW content over the Siberian shelves was estimated (similar to 14,000 km(3)) based on a residence time of 3.5 years. The MW content over the entire Arctic Ocean was estimated to be >= 44,000 km(3). The MW export through Fram Strait consisted mostly of water from the Eastern Arctic (3,237 +/- 1,370 km(3)yr(-1)) whereas the export through the Canadian Archipelago was nearly equally derived from both the Western Arctic (1,182 +/- 534 km(3)yr(-1)) and Lincoln Sea (972 +/- 391 km(3)yr(-1)).[Alkire, Matthew B.; Morison, James; Schweiger, Axel; Zhang, Jinlun; Steele, Michael; Peralta-Ferriz, Cecilia; Dickinson, Suzanne] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USAUniversity of Washington; University of Washington SeattleAlkire, MB (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.malkire@apl.washington.eduSchweiger, Axel J./0000-0002-8704-4123; Alkire, Matthew/0000-0001-7324-3159; Steele, Michael/0000-0001-5083-1775National Science Foundation [ARC-1135072, PLR-1503298, OCE-1233255, PLR-1416920, PLR-1603259, ARC-1203425]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX12AK74G, NNX16AF18G, NNX13AP72G, NNX17AD27G]; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1603941, 1203506] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1603259, 1203425] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP)(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Directorate For Geosciences; Office of Polar Programs (OPP)(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))We thank Wendy Ermold for producing the inset map showing the regions comprising the three regions of the box model. Data utilized in the calculation of net precipitation minus evaporation rates are available online at http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/. Salinity and stable oxygen isotope data used to estimate the meteoric water flux through Bering Strait are available at http://pacmars.eol.ucar.edu/dsaccess.html. Data utilized to estimate freshwater components (Pacific water, meteoric water, and sea-ice meltwater) in the Lincoln Sea were downloaded from the NSF Arctic Data Center (https://arcticdata.io/catalog/#view/doi: 10.18739/A2T02C). Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation under grants ARC-1135072 (Alkire), PLR-1503298 and OCE-1233255 (Steele), PLR-1416920 and PLR-1603259 (Zhang), and ARC-1203425 (Schweiger) as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NNX12AK74G (Morison), NNX16AF18G (Morison and Peralta-Ferriz), NNX13AP72G (Morison), and NNX17AD27G (Zhang). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.861111<180 Day Usage Count>211AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansDEC2017122121002010041
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012807http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC01280722OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyFS9ISBronze2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004227321000410 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaMackenzie estuaryNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090813
A Multi-Matrix Metabolomic Approach in Ringed Seals and Beluga Whales to Evaluate Contaminant and Climate-Related Stressors
ArticleMETABOLITESmetabolites; ringed seals; beluga whales; mercury; organohalogens; climate changePOLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GENE TRANSCRIPT PROFILES; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; PHOCA-HISPIDA; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MARINE MAMMALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER; FLAME RETARDANTSSimond, AE; Noel, M; Loseto, L; Houde, M; Kirk, J; Elliott, A; Brown, TMSimond, Antoine E.; Noel, Marie; Loseto, Lisa; Houde, Magali; Kirk, Jane; Elliott, Ashley; Brown, Tanya M.EnglishAs a high trophic-level species, ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are particularly vulnerable to elevated concentrations of biomagnifying contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and mercury (Hg). These species also face climate-change-related impacts which are leading to alterations in their diet and associated contaminant exposure. The metabolomic profile of marine mammal tissues and how it changes to environmental stressors is poorly understood. This study characterizes the profiles of 235 metabolites across plasma, liver, and inner and outer blubber in adult ringed seals and beluga whales and assesses how these profiles change as a consequence of contaminants and dietary changes. In both species, inner and outer blubber were characterized by a greater proportion of lipid classes, whereas the dominant metabolites in liver and plasma were amino acids, carbohydrates, biogenic amines and lysophosphatidylcholines. Several metabolite profiles in ringed seal plasma correlated with delta C-13, while metabolite profiles in blubber were affected by hexabromobenzene in ringed seals and PBDEs and Hg in belugas. This study provides insight into inter-matrix similarities and differences across tissues and suggests that plasma and liver are more suitable for studying changes in diet, whereas liver and blubber are more suitable for studying the impacts of contaminants.[Simond, Antoine E.; Brown, Tanya M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Sci Enterprise Ctr, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada; [Simond, Antoine E.; Brown, Tanya M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada; [Noel, Marie] Ocean Wise, 101-440 Cambie St, Vancouver, BC V6B 2N5, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa; Elliott, Ashley] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Loseto, Lisa] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ctr St Laurent, 105 McGill St, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada; [Kirk, Jane] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, CanadaFisheries & Oceans Canada; Simon Fraser University; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW)Brown, TM (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Sci Enterprise Ctr, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.;Brown, TM (corresponding author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.tanya.brown@dfo-mpo.gc.caSimond, Antoine Etienne/0000-0002-2747-3030Northern Contaminants Program of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; ArcticNet Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence; Fisheries and Ocean CanadaNorthern Contaminants Program of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Fisheries Joint Management Committee; ArcticNet Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence; Fisheries and Ocean CanadaThis research was funded by the Northern Contaminants Program of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Fisheries Joint Management Committee, and ArcticNet Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence.12400<180 Day Usage Count>1313MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2218-1989METABOLITESMetabolitesSEP2022129
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090813http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo1209081328Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biochemistry & Molecular Biology4W4WD36144217gold, Green Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008601640000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.101013
A stochastic modelling framework to accommodate the inter-annual variability of habitat conditions for Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) populations
ArticleECOLOGICAL INFORMATICSPeary caribou; Landscape disturbance; Climate change; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Bayesian inferenceINTER-ISLAND MOVEMENTS; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; NORTHERN CANADA; SNOW; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; RESOURCEKaluskar, S; Johnson, CA; Blukacz-Richards, EA; Ouellet, F; Kim, DK; Arhonditsis, GKaluskar, Samarth; Johnson, Cheryl Ann; Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Ouellet, Felix; Kim, Dong-Kyun; Arhonditsis, GeorgeEnglishClimate variability and a wide range of anthropogenic disturbances in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) have a negative impact on Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) populations by encumbering seasonal migration patterns, forage accessibility, and calving processes. Increasing Arctic temperatures and precipitation along with the higher frequency of extreme weather events (winter cyclones, rain-on-snow) are responsible for spatiotemporal shifts in floral and faunal phenology, changes in species overlap, and functional alterations of trophic relationships. Building upon empirical estimates of the Peary caribou population rates of change on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, we introduce a two-pronged approach aiming to characterize year-to-year variability of habitat conditions across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 2000 to 2013. Our explanatory variables are based on meteorological (surface snow melt, precipitation, temperature, wind speed) variables, landscape features (fraction of rockland), and resource competition with muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). These habitat suitability estimates form the basis of a stochastic algorithm to recreate the population growth rates and identify locations, where Peary caribou could experience >10%, 25%, or 50% decrease relative to the population levels at the beginning of our study period. Our analysis identifies the Boothia island complex as a high-risk area, where the low Peary caribou population size is suggestive of their increased susceptibility to extirpation after episodic weather-related events, disease outbreaks, or even elevated incidental predation. In Banks island complex, we provide evidence that the volunteered curtailment of hunting, achieved through co-management between Indigenous communities and regional biologists, moderated (and possibly reversed) the declining trends as established during the pre-2000 period. Our random-walk search also suggests that the prevailing habitat conditions in Melville and Bathurst island complexes were generally favorable and could partly explain the recent Peary caribou population increase. We conclude by identifying unaccounted factors that are critical for building an empirical modelling framework with quasi-mechanistic foundation in order to evaluate the impact of climate change on the integrity of Peary caribou populations within any location of the Canadian Arctic.[Kaluskar, Samarth; Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Kim, Dong-Kyun; Arhonditsis, George] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; [Johnson, Cheryl Ann] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Ouellet, Felix] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of Toronto; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaArhonditsis, G (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.georgea@utsc.utoronto.caArhonditsis, George/AAI-7897-2020Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737Government of Canada through the Department of the EnvironmentGovernment of Canada through the Department of the EnvironmentThis project was undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Department of the Environment. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions with respect to data sharing and empirical/technical input from the Communities of Nuvanut (Resolute Bay, Grise Fiord, Gjoa Haven, Kugaaruk, Taloyoak, Cambridge Bay) and Northwest Territories (Sachs Harbour, Ulukhaktok, Paulatuk).6433<180 Day Usage Count>224ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS1574-95411878-0512ECOL INFORMEcol. Inform.MAR202056
101013
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.101013http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.10101314EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKU4CEhybrid2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005196567000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014316
Arctic-Wide Sea Ice Thickness Estimates From Combining Satellite Remote Sensing Data and a Dynamic Ice-Ocean Model with Data Assimilation During the CryoSat-2 Period
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSArctic; sea ice thickness; CryoSat-2; CS2SMOS; data assimilationATMOSPHERIC UNCERTAINTY; SMOS; ALGORITHM; FREEBOARD; PRODUCTS; IMPACT; DEPTHMu, LJ; Losch, M; Yang, QH; Ricker, R; Losa, SN; Nerger, LMu, Longjiang; Losch, Martin; Yang, Qinghua; Ricker, Robert; Losa, Svetlana N.; Nerger, LarsEnglishExploiting the complementary character of CryoSat-2 and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite sea ice thickness products, daily Arctic sea ice thickness estimates from October 2010 to December 2016 are generated by an Arctic regional ice-ocean model with satellite thickness assimilated. The assimilation is performed by a Local Error Subspace Transform Kalman filter coded in the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework. The new estimates can be generally thought of as combined model and satellite thickness (CMST). It combines the skill of satellite thickness assimilation in the freezing season with the model skill in the melting season, when neither CryoSat-2 nor Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity sea ice thickness is available. Comparisons with in situ observations from the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project, Ice Mass Balance Buoys, and the NASA Operation IceBridge demonstrate that CMST reproduces most of the observed temporal and spatial variations. Results also show that CMST compares favorably to the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System product and even appears to correct known thickness biases in the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System. Due to imperfect parameterizations in the sea ice model and satellite thickness retrievals, CMST does not reproduce the heavily deformed and ridged sea ice along the northern coast of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Greenland. With the new Arctic sea ice thickness estimates sea ice volume changes in recent years can be further assessed. Plain Language Summary Sea ice plays a crucial role in climate changes; however, sea ice thickness is difficult to measure directly from space. The novel satellite thickness products from CryoSat-2 and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity have complementary characters, which facilitate the assimilation into the model to generate a new Arctic thickness record in this study. Also, benefitting from the model dynamics and sea ice concentration assimilation, the new data can further cover the melting seasons when satellite thickness data are unavailable. Compared to the in situ observations, the new thickness data show some advantages over the statistically merged satellite product CS2SMOS and Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System thickness product.[Mu, Longjiang; Yang, Qinghua] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Zhuhai, Peoples R China; [Mu, Longjiang; Yang, Qinghua] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Zhuhai, Peoples R China; [Mu, Longjiang; Losch, Martin; Ricker, Robert; Losa, Svetlana N.; Nerger, Lars] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Losa, Svetlana N.] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, RussiaSun Yat Sen University; Sun Yat Sen University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Russian Academy of Sciences; Shirshov Institute of OceanologyYang, QH (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Climate Change & Nat Disas, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.;Yang, QH (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.yangqh25@mail.sysu.edu.cnRicker, Robert/Z-4214-2019; Nerger, Lars/AAD-9248-2020; Nerger, Lars/G-4845-2013; Losch, Martin/S-5896-2016; Loza, Svetlana N./E-3099-2019Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Nerger, Lars/0000-0002-1908-1010; Nerger, Lars/0000-0002-1908-1010; Losch, Martin/0000-0002-3824-5244; Loza, Svetlana N./0000-0003-2153-1954; Mu, Longjiang/0000-0001-5668-8025; Yang, Qinghua/0000-0002-7114-2036National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFA0605901]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41776192, 41706224]; BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany)-SOA (State Oceanic Administration, China) joint project [01DO14002]; BMBF [01LN1701A]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDY-SSW-DQC021]; FASO Russia [0149-2018-0014]; BMBF ERA-Net project EXOSYSTEM [01DJ16016]National Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany)-SOA (State Oceanic Administration, China) joint project; BMBF(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences; FASO Russia; BMBF ERA-Net project EXOSYSTEM(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF))We thank Ruibo Lei from the Polar Research Institute of China for the discussions about the data processing of the IMB buoys, Jinlun Zhang from the University of Washington for providing the PIOMAS sea ice thickness data and comments on the manuscript, and Xi Liang from National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center for the suggestions on sea ice assimilation. We thank the University of Hamburg for providing SMOS sea ice thickness data and the ASI-SSMI sea ice concentration data, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for providing the IceBridge thickness data, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for the sea ice draft data, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory for IMB data, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for the UKMO ensemble forecasting data. This study is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0605901), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41776192 and 41706224), the BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany)-SOA (State Oceanic Administration, China) joint project (01DO14002), the BMBF in the framework of SSIP (01LN1701A), and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-DQC021). Contribution by S. N. L. is partly made in the framework of the state assignment of FASO Russia (0149-2018-0014) and the BMBF ERA-Net project EXOSYSTEM (01DJ16016). The CMST data in this paper are archived in PANGAEA and available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.891475.632627<180 Day Usage Count>227AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansNOV20181231177637780
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014316http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC01431618OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyHF1DYGreen Submitted, Bronze2023-03-13WOS:0004539070000070 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06274-5
Atmospheric trends over the Arctic Ocean in simulations from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) and their driving GCMs
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSArctic Ocean; Climate change; Atmospheric trends; Climate model; CORDEXSEA-ICE; CLIMATE MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; FEEDBACKS; PHYTOPLANKTONReader, MC; Steiner, NReader, Mary Catherine; Steiner, NadjaEnglishThe Arctic Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (Arctic-CORDEX) uses regional climate models (RCMs) to downscale selected Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations, allowing trend validation and projection on subregional scales. For 1986-2015, the CORDEX seasonal-average near-surface temperature (tas), wind speed (sfcWind), precipitation (pr) and snowfall (prsn) trends are generally consistent with analyses/observations for the Arctic Ocean regions considered. The projected Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) 2016-2100 subregional annual tas trends range from 0.03 to 0.18 K/year. Projected annual pr and prsn trends have a large inter-model spread centered around approximately 5.0 x 10(-8) mm/s/year and -5.0 x 10(-8) mm/s/year, respectively, while projected sfcWind summer and winter trends range between 0.0 and 0.4 m/s/year. For all variables except prsn, and sometimes total precipitation, the driving general circulation model (GCM) dominates the trends, however there is a tendency for the GCMs to underestimate the sfcWind trends compared to the RCMs. Subtracting the Arctic-Ocean mean from subregional trends reveals a consistent, qualitative anomaly pattern in several variables and seasons characterized by greater-than or average trends in the central and Siberian Arctic Ocean and lesser or average trends in the Atlantic Sector and the Bering Sea, related to summer sea-ice trends. In particular, a strong proportional relationship exists between the summer sea-ice concentration and fall tas and sfcWind trend anomalies. The RCP4.5 annual, multi-model mean trends are 35-55% of the corresponding RCP8.5 trends for most variables and subregions.[Reader, Mary Catherine; Steiner, Nadja] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Reader, Mary Catherine; Steiner, Nadja] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 West Saanich Rd,POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); Fisheries & Oceans CanadaReader, MC (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada.;Reader, MC (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, 9860 West Saanich Rd,POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.mcreader@telus.net; nadja.steiner@dfo-mpo.gc.caSteiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP); Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (RSEA)Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP); Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (RSEA)Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP) and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada through the Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (RSEA).9600<180 Day Usage Count>13SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.DEC20225911-1234013426
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06274-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06274-52022-04-01 00:00:0026Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences5S9TCGreen Submitted, hybrid2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0007949486000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0224.1
Calibrated Probabilistic Forecasts of Arctic Sea Ice Concentration
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEMULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; CLIMATE; SKILL; VARIABILITY; MODELS; TERMDirkson, A; Merryfield, WJ; Monahan, AHDirkson, Arlan; Merryfield, William J.; Monahan, Adam H.EnglishSeasonal forecasts of Arctic sea ice using dynamical models are inherently uncertain and so are best communicated in terms of probabilities. Here, we describe novel statistical postprocessing methodologies intended to improve ensemble-based probabilistic forecasts of local sea ice concentration (SIC). The first of these improvements is the application of the parametric zero-and one-inflated beta (BEINF) probability distribution, suitable for doubly bounded variables such as SIC, for obtaining a smoothed forecast probability distribution. The second improvement is the introduction of a novel calibration technique, termed trendadjusted quantile mapping (TAQM), that explicitly takes into account SIC trends and is applied using the BEINF distribution. We demonstrate these methods using a set of 10-member ensemble SIC hindcasts from the Third Generation Canadian Climate Coupled Global Climate Model (CanCM3) over the period 19812017. Though fitting ensemble SIC hindcasts to the BEINF distribution consistently improves probabilistic hindcast skill relative to a simpler `` count based'' probability approach in perfect model experiments, it does not itself correct model biases that may reduce this improvement when verifying against observations. The TAQM calibration technique is effective at removing SIC biases present in CanCM3 and improving forecast reliability. Over the recent 2000-17 period, TAQM-calibrated SIC hindcasts show improved skill relative to uncalibrated hindcasts. Compared against a climatological reference forecast adjusted for the trend, TAQMcalibrated hindcasts show widespread skill, particularly in September, even at 3-4-month lead times.[Dirkson, Arlan] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Merryfield, William J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Monahan, Adam H.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); University of VictoriaDirkson, A (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, Montreal, PQ, Canada.arlan.dirkson@gmail.comDirkson, Arlan/0000-0002-4493-0117Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))The codes used here for applying the BEINF distribution and TAQM calibration method to SIC forecasts were developed in Python v2.7 and are available online (https://github.com/adirkson/SICprobability) with documentation and a tutorial (https://adirkson.github.io/SIC-probability).The authors thank Woosung Lee for producing the hindcasts used in this study, as well as Slava Kharin, Alex Cannon, and Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth for their comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Additionally, we thank three reviewers for their constructive feedback. AD and WM would like to thank the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE) for funding this research. AM acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).621313<180 Day Usage Count>15AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.FEB201932412511271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0224.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0224.121Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesIF7JHBronze2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004732591000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021
CASCADE - The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE
ArticleEARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATATERRESTRIAL ORGANIC-MATTER; CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; LAPTEV SEA; OLD CARBON; DEGRADATION; PRESERVATION; RIVER; FATE; CONSTRAINTS; PERMAFROSTMartens, J; Romankevich, E; Semiletov, I; Wild, B; van Dongen, B; Vonk, J; Tesi, T; Shakhova, N; Dudarev, OV; Kosmach, D; Vetrov, A; Lobkovsky, L; Belyaev, N; Macdonald, RW; Pienkowski, AJ; Eglinton, TI; Haghipour, N; Dahle, S; Carroll, ML; Astrom, EKL; Grebmeier, JM; Cooper, LW; Possnert, G; Gustafsson, OMartens, Jannik; Romankevich, Evgeny; Semiletov, Igor; Wild, Birgit; van Dongen, Bart; Vonk, Jorien; Tesi, Tommaso; Shakhova, Natalia; Dudarev, Oleg, V; Kosmach, Denis; Vetrov, Alexander; Lobkovsky, Leopold; Belyaev, Nikolay; Macdonald, Robie W.; Pienkowski, Anna J.; Eglinton, Timothy, I; Haghipour, Negar; Dahle, Salve; Carroll, Michael L.; Astrom, Emmelie K. L.; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Cooper, Lee W.; Possnert, Goran; Gustafsson, OrjanEnglishBiogeochemical cycling in the semi-enclosed Arctic Ocean is strongly influenced by land-ocean transport of carbon and other elements and is vulnerable to environmental and climate changes. Sediments of the Arctic Ocean are an important part of biogeochemical cycling in the Arctic and provide the opportunity to study present and historical input and the fate of organic matter (e.g., through permafrost thawing). Comprehensive sedimentary records are required to compare differences between the Arctic regions and to study Arctic biogeochemical budgets. To this end, the Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE) was established to curate data primarily on concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and OC isotopes (delta C-13, Delta C-14) yet also on total N (TN) as well as terrigenous biomarkers and other sediment geochemical and physical properties. This new database builds on the published literature and earlier unpublished records through an extensive international community collaboration. This paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of CASCADE. The first public version includes OC concentrations in surface sediments at 4244 oceanographic stations including 2317 with TN concentrations, 1555 with delta C-13-OC values and 268 with Delta C-14-OC values and 653 records with quantified terrigenous biomarkers (high-molecular-weight n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and lignin phenols). CASCADE also includes data from 326 sediment cores, retrieved by shallow box or multi-coring, deep gravity/piston coring, or sea-bottom drilling. The comprehensive dataset reveals large-scale features of both OC content and OC sources between the shelf sea recipients. This offers insight into release of pre-aged terrigenous OC to the East Siberian Arctic shelf and younger terrigenous OC to the Kara Sea. Circum-Arctic sediments thereby reveal patterns of terrestrial OC remobilization and provide clues about thawing of permafrost. CASCADE enables synoptic analysis of OC in Arctic Ocean sediments and facilitates a wide array of future empirical and modeling studies of the Arctic carbon cycle. The database is openly and freely available online (https://doi.org/10.17043/cascade; Martens et al., 2021), is provided in various machine-readable data formats (data tables, GIS shapefile, GIS raster), and also provides ways for contributing data for future CASCADE versions. We will continuously update CASCADE with newly published and contributed data over the foreseeable future as part of the database management of the Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University.[Martens, Jannik; Wild, Birgit; van Dongen, Bart; Vonk, Jorien; Tesi, Tommaso; Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden; [Martens, Jannik; Wild, Birgit; van Dongen, Bart; Vonk, Jorien; Tesi, Tommaso; Gustafsson, Orjan] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [Romankevich, Evgeny; Vetrov, Alexander; Lobkovsky, Leopold; Belyaev, Nikolay] Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia; [Semiletov, Igor; Shakhova, Natalia; Dudarev, Oleg, V; Kosmach, Denis] Ilichov Pacific Oceanol Inst FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; [Semiletov, Igor] Tomsk State Univ, Tomsk, Russia; [Semiletov, Igor] Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia; [van Dongen, Bart] Univ Manchester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [van Dongen, Bart] Univ Manchester, Williamson Res Ctr Mol Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Vonk, Jorien] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Tesi, Tommaso] CNR, Inst Polar Sci, Bologna, Italy; [Shakhova, Natalia] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow, Russia; [Macdonald, Robie W.] Inst Ocean Sci, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Pienkowski, Anna J.] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, Dept Arctic Geol, Svalbard, Norway; [Eglinton, Timothy, I; Haghipour, Negar] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Eglinton, Timothy, I; Haghipour, Negar] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Geol Inst, Zurich, Switzerland; [Dahle, Salve; Carroll, Michael L.] FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, Akvaplan Niva, Tromso, Norway; [Astrom, Emmelie K. L.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Cooper, Lee W.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA; [Possnert, Goran] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tandem Lab, Uppsala, Sweden; [Pienkowski, Anna J.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, NorwayStockholm University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology; Tomsk State University; Tomsk Polytechnic University; University of Manchester; University of Manchester; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP-CNR); Lomonosov Moscow State University; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Akvaplan-niva; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Uppsala University; Norwegian Polar InstituteGustafsson, O (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Gustafsson, O (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden.orjan.gustafsson@aces.su.seWild, Birgit/E-6476-2012; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/L-9805-2013; Oleg, Dudarev Victorovich/A-8269-2019; Semiletov, Igor/CAJ-4412-2022; Cooper, Lee W./E-5251-2012; Pieńkowski, Anna J./AAL-1312-2020; Vonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011Wild, Birgit/0000-0002-9611-0815; Grebmeier, Jacqueline/0000-0001-7624-3568; Cooper, Lee W./0000-0001-7734-8388; Pieńkowski, Anna J./0000-0002-3606-7130; Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Martens, Jannik/0000-0003-4252-5107; Astrom, Emmelie/0000-0003-2416-7879; Carroll, Michael L./0000-0002-1530-6016European Research Council (ERC) [CC-TOP 695331]; EU H2020 [773421]; Swedish Research Council [2017-01601]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW) [2011.0027]; Russian Science Foundation [21-77-30001, 18-05-60214]; Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education [0211-2021-0010]; Russian Academy of Sciences [0128-2021-0005]; Research Council of Norway [228107, 223259]; VISTA [6172]; Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2016-05457]; NERC [NE/I024798/1]; Dutch-NWO [863.12.004]; Russian Science Foundation [21-77-30001] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation; NERC [NE/I024798/1] Funding Source: UKRIEuropean Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); EU H2020; Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW)(Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Russian Academy of Sciences(Russian Academy of Sciences); Research Council of Norway(Research Council of Norway); VISTA; Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Dutch-NWO(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Development of CASCADE was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant CC-TOP 695331 to Orjan Gustafsson), the EU H2020-funded project Nunataryuk (grant 773421), and the Swedish Research Council (grant 2017-01601). Field campaigns to obtain gap-filling samples were supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW contract 2011.0027 to Orjan Gustafsson) as part of the SWERUS-C3 program, as well as by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 21-77-30001 to Igor Semiletov) and the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant 0211-2021-0010 to Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok). Furthermore, this study was supported by the assignment of the Russian Academy of Sciences (grant 0128-2021-0005) and the Russian Science Foundation (grant 18-05-60214) to the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (Evgeny Romankevich, Alexander Vetrov). The collection of sample material in the Barents Sea was supported by the Research Council of Norway (grant 228107 to Michael L. Carroll; grant 223259) and VISTA (grant 6172 to Emmelie K. L. Astrom). Gapfilling samples from the Canadian Arctic were supported by the Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2016-05457 to Anna J. Pienkowski). Bart van Dongen was supported by an NERC research grant (NE/I024798/1) and Jorien Vonk was supported by the Dutch-NWO (Veni grant 863.12.004).581414<180 Day Usage Count>321COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1866-35081866-3516EARTH SYST SCI DATAEarth Syst. Sci. DataJUN 8202113625612572
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-202112Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesSR9ICGreen Published, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006613566000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.122
Eddies and the Distribution of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean
ArticleOCEANOGRAPHYWATER BOUNDARY CURRENT; CANADA BASIN; ATLANTIC WATER; MESOSCALE EDDIES; FRAM STRAIT; ICE; SEA; DYNAMICS; RESOLUTION; ORIGINvon Appen, WJ; Baumann, TM; Janout, M; Koldunov, N; Lenn, YD; Pickart, RS; Scott, RB; Wang, Qvon Appen, Wilken-Jon; Baumann, Till M.; Janout, Markus; Koldunov, Nikolay; Lenn, Yueng-Djern; Pickart, Robert S.; Scott, Robert B.; Wang, QiangEnglishMesoscale eddies are important to many aspects of the dynamics of the Arctic Ocean. Among others, they maintain the halocline and interact with the Atlantic Water circumpolar boundary current through lateral eddy fluxes and shelf -basin exchanges. Mesoscale eddies are also important for transporting biological mate-rial and for modifying sea ice distribution. Here, we review what is known about eddies and their impacts in the Arctic Ocean in the context of rapid climate change. Eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is a proxy for mesoscale variability in the ocean due to eddies. We present the first quantification of EKE from moored observations across the entire Arctic Ocean and compare those results to output from an eddy resolving numeri-cal model. We show that EKE is largest in the northern Nordic Seas/Fram Strait and it is also elevated along the shelf break of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current, especially in the Beaufort Sea. In the central basins, EKE is 100-1,000 times lower. Generally, EKE is stronger when sea ice concentration is low versus times of dense ice cover. As sea ice declines, we anticipate that areas in the Arctic Ocean where conditions typical of the North Atlantic and North Pacific prevail will increase. We conclude that the future Arctic Ocean will feature more energetic mesoscale variability.[von Appen, Wilken-Jon] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Baumann, Till M.] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway; [Janout, Markus; Koldunov, Nikolay] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Lenn, Yueng-Djern] Bangor Univ, Sch Ocean Sci, Phys Oceanog, Bangor, Wales; [Pickart, Robert S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA; [Scott, Robert B.] Univ Lecturer, Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; [Wang, Qiang] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, GermanyHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Bergen; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Bangor University; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Researchvon Appen, WJ (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany.wjvappen@awi.deWang, Qiang/0000-0002-2704-5394; von Appen, Wilken-Jon/0000-0002-7200-0099; Janout, Markus/0000-0003-4908-28556411<180 Day Usage Count>22OCEANOGRAPHY SOCROCKVILLEP.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA1042-8275OCEANOGRAPHYOceanographyDEC2022353-4SI4251
http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.122http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.12210OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Oceanography7W2GOGreen Published, gold2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0009133316000060 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.671497
Integrated Assessment of Ocean Acidification Risks to Pteropods in the Northern High Latitudes: Regional Comparison of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity
ArticleFRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCEGulf of Alaska; Bering Sea; Amundsen Gulf; ocean acidification; pteropod morphotype shell dissolution; genetic structure; spatial connectivity; vulnerability assessmentOXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; BERING-SEA SHELF; LIMACINA-HELICINA; INORGANIC CARBON; PACIFIC SALMON; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PINK SALMON; CLIMATE; GULF; ALASKABednarsek, N; Naish, KA; Feely, RA; Hauri, C; Kimoto, K; Hermann, AJ; Michel, C; Niemi, A; Pilcher, DBednarsek, Nina; Naish, Kerry-Ann; Feely, Richard A.; Hauri, Claudine; Kimoto, Katsunori; Hermann, Albert J.; Michel, Christine; Niemi, Andrea; Pilcher, DarrenEnglishExposure to the impact of ocean acidification (OA) is increasing in high-latitudinal productive habitats. Pelagic calcifying snails (pteropods), a significant component of the diet of economically important fish, are found in high abundance in these regions. Pteropods have thin shells that readily dissolve at low aragonite saturation state (omega(ar)), making them susceptible to OA. Here, we conducted a first integrated risk assessment for pteropods in the Eastern Pacific subpolar gyre, the Gulf of Alaska (GoA), Bering Sea, and Amundsen Gulf. We determined the risk for pteropod populations by integrating measures of OA exposure, biological sensitivity, and resilience. Exposure was based on physical-chemical hydrographic observations and regional biogeochemical model outputs, delineating seasonal and decadal changes in carbonate chemistry conditions. Biological sensitivity was based on pteropod morphometrics and shell-building processes, including shell dissolution, density and thickness. Resilience and adaptive capacity were based on species diversity and spatial connectivity, derived from the particle tracking modeling. Extensive shell dissolution was found in the central and western part of the subpolar gyre, parts of the Bering Sea, and Amundsen Gulf. We identified two distinct morphotypes: L. helicina helicina and L. helicina pacifica, with high-spired and flatter shells, respectively. Despite the presence of different morphotypes, genetic analyses based on mitochondrial haplotypes identified a single species, without differentiation between the morphological forms, coinciding with evidence of widespread spatial connectivity. We found that shell morphometric characteristics depends on omega saturation state (omega(ar)); under omega(ar) decline, pteropods build flatter and thicker shells, which is indicative of a certain level of phenotypic plasticity. An integrated risk evaluation based on multiple approaches assumes a high risk for pteropod population persistence with intensification of OA in the high latitude eastern North Pacific because of their known vulnerability, along with limited evidence of species diversity despite their connectivity and our current lack of sufficient knowledge of their adaptive capacity. Such a comprehensive understanding would permit improved prediction of ecosystem change relevant to effective fisheries resource management, as well as a more robust foundation for monitoring ecosystem health and investigating OA impacts in high-latitudinal habitats.[Bednarsek, Nina] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA; [Bednarsek, Nina] Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn, Piran, Slovenia; [Naish, Kerry-Ann] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA; [Hauri, Claudine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Kimoto, Katsunori] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change RIGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan; [Hermann, Albert J.; Pilcher, Darren] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Michel, Christine; Niemi, Andrea] Univ Crescent, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaSouthern California Coastal Water Research Project; National Institute of Biology - Slovenia; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaBednarsek, N (corresponding author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.;Bednarsek, N (corresponding author), Natl Inst Biol, Marine Biol Stn, Piran, Slovenia.nina.bednarsek@gmail.comNorth Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [1615]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1459834, 1656070]North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF))This work was funded by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB; project number 1615: Pteropods as indicators in the high latitudinal environment) awarded to NB and K-AN. CH acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF; Grant Nos. OCE-1459834 and 1656070). RF acknowledges support from the NOAA GOMO Program.10077<180 Day Usage Count>11FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-7745FRONT MAR SCIFront. Mar. Sci.SEP 1020218
671497
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.671497http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.67149723Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyWD6YUgold2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0007050855000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea coastal zoneNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005941
Imaging the P-Wave Velocity Structure of Arctic Subsea Permafrost Using Laplace-Domain Full-Waveform Inversion
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACEcontinental shelf of the Canadian Beaufort Sea; laplace domain full&#8208; waveform inversion; lower boundaries of permafrost; spatial distribution; subsea permafrostKang, SG; Jin, YK; Jang, U; Duchesne, MJ; Shin, C; Kim, S; Riedel, M; Dallimore, SR; Paull, CK; Choi, Y; Hong, JKKang, Seung-Goo; Jin, Young Keun; Jang, Ugeun; Duchesne, Mathieu J.; Shin, Changsoo; Kim, Sookwan; Riedel, Michael; Dallimore, Scott R.; Paull, Charles K.; Choi, Yeonjin; Hong, Jong KukEnglishClimate change in the Arctic has recently become a major scientific issue, and detailed information on the degradation of subsea permafrost on continental shelves in the Arctic is critical for understanding the major cause and effects of global warming, especially the release of greenhouse gases. The subsea permafrost at shallow depths beneath the Arctic continental shelves has significantly higher P-wave velocities than the surrounding sediments. The distribution of subsea permafrost on Arctic continental shelves has been studied since the 1970s using seismic refraction methods. With seismic refraction data, the seismic velocity and the depth of the upper boundary of subsea permafrost can be determined. However, it is difficult to identify the lower boundary and the internal shape of permafrost. Here, we present two-dimensional P-wave velocity models of the continental shelf in the Beaufort Sea by applying the Laplace-domain full-waveform inversion method to acquired multichannel seismic reflection data. With the inverted P-wave velocity model, we identify anomalous high seismic velocities that originated from the subsea permafrost. Information on the two-dimensional distribution of subsea permafrost on the Arctic continental shelf area, including the upper and lower bounds of subsea permafrost, are presented. Also, the two-dimensional P-wave velocity model allows us to estimate the thawing pattern and the shape of subsea permafrost structures. Our proposed P-wave velocity models were verified by comparison with the previous distribution map of subsea permafrost from seismic refraction analyses, geothermal modeling, and well-log data.[Kang, Seung-Goo; Jin, Young Keun; Kim, Sookwan; Choi, Yeonjin; Hong, Jong Kuk] Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Earth Sci, Incheon, South Korea; [Jang, Ugeun] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Daejeon, South Korea; [Duchesne, Mathieu J.] Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Shin, Changsoo] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Seoul, South Korea; [Riedel, Michael] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany; [Dallimore, Scott R.] Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Paull, Charles K.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA; [Choi, Yeonjin] Korea Maritime & Ocean Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Busan, South KoreaKorea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Chungnam National University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Seoul National University (SNU); Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; Korea Maritime & Ocean UniversityHong, JK (corresponding author), Korea Polar Res Inst, Div Earth Sci, Incheon, South Korea.jkhong@kopri.re.krKim, Sookwan/0000-0001-9960-2295; Duchesne, Mathieu J./0000-0001-5987-6160; Kang, Seung-Goo/0000-0001-6532-3482; Jin, Young Keun/0000-0003-3511-0464; Choi, Yeonjin/0000-0001-5453-9691Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), Korea [20160247]Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), KoreaThis work was supported by the research project entitled Investigation of submarine resource environment and seabed methane release in the Arctic (KIMST, 20160247), which was funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), Korea.3144<180 Day Usage Count>00AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-90032169-9011J GEOPHYS RES-EARTHJ. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.MAR20211263
e2020JF005941
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005941http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JF00594115Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyRH5XAGreen Accepted, hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006362900000080 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0437.1
Impacts of Sea Ice Thickness Initialization on Seasonal Arctic Sea Ice Predictions
ArticleJOURNAL OF CLIMATEGLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; SKILL; ASSIMILATION; AIRCRAFT; ENSEMBLE; EXTENTDirkson, A; Merryfield, WJ; Monahan, ADirkson, Arlan; Merryfield, William J.; Monahan, AdamEnglishA promising means for increasing skill of seasonal predictions of Arctic sea ice is improving sea ice thickness (SIT) initial conditions; however, sparse SIT observations limit this potential. Using the Canadian Climate Model, version 3 (CanCM3), three statistical models designed to estimate SIT fields for initialization in a real-time forecasting system are applied to initialize sea ice hindcasts over 1981-2012. Hindcast skill is assessed relative to two benchmark SIT initialization methods (SIT-IMs): a climatological initialization currently used operationally and SIT values from the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). Based on several measures of skill, sea ice predictions are generally improved relative to a climatological initialization. The accuracy with which the initialization fields represent both the thinning of the ice pack over time and interannual variability impacts predictive skill for pan-Arctic sea ice area (SIA) and regional sea ice concentration (SIC), with the most robust improvements obtained with SIT-IMs that best represent both processes. Similar skill to that achieved by initializing with PIOMAS, including skillful predictions of detrended September SIA from May, is obtained by initializing with two of the statistical models. Regional skill for September SIC is also enhanced using improved SIT-IMs, with an increase in the spatial coverage of statistically significant skill from 10% to 60%-70% of the appreciably varying ice pack. Reduced skill is seen, however, in the Nordic seas using the improved SIT-IMs, resulting from an inherent cold sea surface temperature bias in CanCM3 that is amplified by a thicker initial ice cover.[Dirkson, Arlan; Monahan, Adam] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Merryfield, William J.] Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); University of VictoriaDirkson, A (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.adirkson@uvic.caDirkson, Arlan/0000-0002-4493-0117Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCanadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)We thank Michael Sigmond and Slava Kharin, in addition to two anonymous reviewers, for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. AD would like to thank Woo-Sung Lee for producing the hindcasts used in this work. AD and WM acknowledge funding from the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network (CanSISE). AM acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. PIOMAS data used in this study are available at ftp://pscftp.apl.washington.edu/zhang/PIOMAS/data/v2.1. NSIDC data used in this study are available at ftp://sidads.colorado.edu/pub/DATASETS/NOAA/G02202_v2/north.393434<180 Day Usage Count>317AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA0894-87551520-0442J CLIMATEJ. Clim.FEB201730310011017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0437.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0437.117Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesEM7SJhybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0003955123000110 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-259-2022
Retrieval and parameterisation of sea-ice bulk density from airborne multi-sensor measurements
ArticleCRYOSPHERESNOW DEPTH; THICKNESS; FREEBOARD; PRODUCTS; EMJutila, A; Hendricks, S; Ricker, R; von Albedyll, L; Krumpen, T; Haas, CJutila, Arttu; Hendricks, Stefan; Ricker, Robert; von Albedyll, Luisa; Krumpen, Thomas; Haas, ChristianEnglishKnowledge of sea-ice thickness and volume depends on freeboard observations from satellite altimeters and in turn on information of snow mass and sea-ice density required for the freeboard-to-thickness conversion. These parameters, especially sea-ice density, are usually based on climatologies constructed from in situ observations made in the 1980s and earlier while contemporary and representative measurements are lacking. Our aim with this paper is to derive updated sea-ice bulk density estimates suitable for the present Arctic sea-ice cover and a range of ice types to reduce uncertainties in sea-ice thickness remote sensing. Our sea-ice density measurements are based on over 3000 km of high-resolution collocated airborne sea-ice and snow thickness and freeboard measurements in the western Arctic Ocean in 2017 and 2019. Sea-ice bulk density is derived assuming isostatic equilibrium for different ice types. Our results show higher average bulk densities for both first-year ice (FYI) and especially multi-year ice (MYI) compared to previous studies. In addition, we find a small difference between deformed and possibly unconsolidated FYI and younger MYI. We find a negative-exponential relationship between sea-ice bulk density and sea-ice freeboard and apply this parameterisation to one winter of monthly gridded CryoSat-2 sea-ice freeboard data. We discuss the suitability and the impact of the derived FYI and MYI bulk densities for sea-ice thickness retrievals and the uncertainty related to the indirect method of measuring sea-ice bulk density. The results suggest that retrieval algorithms be adapted to changes in sea-ice density and highlight the need of future studies to evaluate the impact of density parameterisation on the full sea-ice thickness data record.[Jutila, Arttu; Hendricks, Stefan; Ricker, Robert; von Albedyll, Luisa; Krumpen, Thomas; Haas, Christian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Haas, Christian] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany; [Ricker, Robert] Norwegian Res Ctr, Technol Dept, Tromso, NorwayHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Bremen; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE)Jutila, A (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany.arttu.jutila@awi.deRicker, Robert/Z-4214-2019; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011; Haas, Christian/L-5279-2016; Krumpen, Thomas/D-5163-2011Ricker, Robert/0000-0001-6928-7757; Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146; Haas, Christian/0000-0002-7674-3500; Krumpen, Thomas/0000-0001-6234-8756; von Albedyll, Luisa/0000-0002-6768-0368; Jutila, Arttu/0000-0001-6115-16876511<180 Day Usage Count>35COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJAN 242022161259275
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-259-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-259-202217Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyYP6RKGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-13WOS:0007487506000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113327
Seasonal dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Mackenzie Delta, Canadian Arctic waters: Implications for ocean colour remote sensing
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTSatellite ocean colour remote sensing; Dissolved organic matter; Mackenzie River; Beaufort Sea; Sentinel-3 OLCI; Land-ocean fluxesSUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; APPARENT OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BEAUFORT SEA; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; RIVER PLUME; COASTAL; CARBON; ALGORITHM; UNCERTAINTIES; REFLECTANCEJuhls, B; Matsuoka, A; Lizotte, M; Becu, G; Overduin, PP; El Kassar, J; Devred, E; Doxaran, D; Ferland, J; Forget, MH; Hilborn, A; Hieronymi, M; Leymarie, E; Maury, J; Oziel, L; Tisserand, L; Anikina, DOJ; Dillon, M; Babin, MJuhls, B.; Matsuoka, A.; Lizotte, M.; Becu, G.; Overduin, P. P.; El Kassar, J.; Devred, E.; Doxaran, D.; Ferland, J.; Forget, M. H.; Hilborn, A.; Hieronymi, M.; Leymarie, E.; Maury, J.; Oziel, L.; Tisserand, L.; Anikina, D. O. J.; Dillon, M.; Babin, M.EnglishIncreasing air temperatures and associated permafrost thaw in Arctic river watersheds, such as the Mackenzie River catchment, are directly affecting the aquatic environment. As a consequence, the quantity and the quality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that is transported via the Mackenzie River into the Arctic Ocean is expected to change. Particularly in these remote permafrost regions of the Arctic, monitoring of terrigenous organic carbon fluxes is insufficient and knowledge of distribution and fate of organic carbon when released to the coastal waters is remarkably lacking. Despite its poorly evaluated performance in Arctic coastal waters, Satellite Ocean Colour Remote Sensing (SOCRS) remains a powerful tool to complement monitoring of land-ocean DOC fluxes, detect their trends, and help in understanding their propagation in the Arctic Ocean.In this study, we use in situ and SOCRS data to show the strong seasonal dynamics of the Mackenzie River plume and the spatial distribution of associated terrigenous DOC on the Beaufort Sea Shelf for the first time. Using a dataset collected during an extensive field campaign in 2019, the performance of three commonly-used atmospheric correction (AC) algorithms and two available colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) retrieval algorithms were evaluated using the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI). Our results showed that in optically-complex Arctic coastal waters the Polymer AC algorithm performed the best. For the retrieval of CDOM, the gsmA algorithm (Mean Percentage Error (MPE) = 35.7%) showed slightly more consistent results compared to the ONNS algorithm (MPE = 37.9%). By merging our measurements with published datasets, the newly -established DOC-CDOM relationship for the Mackenzie-Beaufort Sea region allowed estimations of DOC con-centrations from SOCRS across the entire fluvial-marine transition zone with an MPE of 20.5%. Finally, we applied SOCRS with data from the Sentinel-3 OLCI sensor to illustrate the seasonal variation of DOC concen-trations in the surface waters of the Beaufort Sea on a large spatial scales and high frequency throughout the entire open water period. Highest DOC concentrations and largest lateral extent of the plume were observed in spring right after the Mackenzie River ice break-up indicating that the freshet was the main driver of plume propagation and DOC distribution on the shelf. Satellite-derived images of surface water DOC concentration placed the in situ observations into a larger temporal and spatial context and revealed a strong seasonal vari-ability in transport pathways of DOC in the Mackenzie-Beaufort Sea region.[Juhls, B.; El Kassar, J.] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Geosci, Inst Meteorol, Carl Heinrich Becker Weg 6-10, D-12165 Berlin, Germany; [Juhls, B.; Matsuoka, A.; Lizotte, M.; Becu, G.; Ferland, J.; Forget, M. H.; Oziel, L.; Babin, M.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Takuv Int Res Lab, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,1045 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Juhls, B.; Matsuoka, A.; Lizotte, M.; Becu, G.; Ferland, J.; Forget, M. H.; Oziel, L.; Babin, M.] Univ Laval, Quebec Ocean, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,1045 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Juhls, B.; Matsuoka, A.; Lizotte, M.; Becu, G.; Ferland, J.; Forget, M. H.; Oziel, L.; Babin, M.] CNRS, Paris, France; [Juhls, B.; Overduin, P. P.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Matsuoka, A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Devred, E.; Hilborn, A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ocean & Ecosyst Sci Div, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada; [Hieronymi, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Inst Carbon Cycles, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany; [Doxaran, D.; Leymarie, E.; Maury, J.] Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche LOV, 181 Chemin Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France; [Oziel, L.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Tisserand, L.] Sorbonne Univ, Observ Oceanol Banyuls, Lab Oceanog Microbienne UMR7621 CNRS, Av Pierre Fabre, F-66650 Banyuls Sur Mer, France; [Anikina, D. O. J.] Tuktoyaktuk Community Corp, 274 Inuvialuit Lane, Tuktoyaktuk, NT X0E 1C0, Canada; [Dillon, M.] Inuvik Hunters & Trappers Comm, 107 MacKenzie Rd, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, CanadaFree University of Berlin; Laval University; Laval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Max Planck Society; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne UniversiteJuhls, B (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.bennet.juhls@awi.de; atsushi.matsuoka@unh.edu; martine.lizotte@arcticnet.ulaval.ca; guislain.becu@takuvik.ulaval.ca; paul.overduin@awi.de; jan.elkassar@met.fu-berlin.de; emmanuel.devred@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; david.doxaran@imev-mer.fr; joannie.ferland@environnement.gouv.qc.ca; Marie-Helene.Forget@takuvik.ulaval.ca; andrea.hilborn@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; martin.hieronymi@hereon.de; edouard.leymarie@imev-mer.fr; juliette.maury@obs-vlfr.fr; laurent.oziel@awi.de; marcel.babin@takuvik.ulaval.caHieronymi, Martin/0000-0001-6066-1562; Doxaran, David/0000-0002-9778-7780EU; Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; JAXA GCOM-C; NASA ROSES projects; Quebec-Ocean; Aurora Research Institute; Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Arctic Science Fund Research program; Sentinel North program of Universite Laval; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Geo.X, the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam; European Space Agency (ESA) as part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) fellowship (ESA ESRIN); Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum fuer Polar- und Meeresforschung; [19RT000542]EU(European Commission); Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; JAXA GCOM-C; NASA ROSES projects; Quebec-Ocean; Aurora Research Institute; Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Arctic Science Fund Research program; Sentinel North program of Universite Laval; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Geo.X, the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam; European Space Agency (ESA) as part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) fellowship (ESA ESRIN); Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum fuer Polar- und Meeresforschung; This research has been supported by the EU Horizon 2020 pro-gramme (Nunataryuk, grant no. 773421), the Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet (P66-Nunataryuk), JAXA GCOM-C (Contract number: 19RT000542 and 20RT000350), NASA ROSES pro-jects (Award number: 210319602), Quebec-Ocean, the Aurora Research Institute, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada through the Arctic Science Fund Research program. Furthermore, this research was supported by the Sentinel North program of Universite Laval, made possible, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund. Bennet Juhls (BJ) was supported by the Geo.X, the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (grant no. SO_087_GeoX), a Sentinel North mobility grant for a research stay in Quebec City (Uni-versite Laval). BJ was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) as part of the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) fellowship (ESA ESRIN/ Contract No. 4000l3376l/2l/I-NB). I acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum fuer Polar- und Meeresforschung.7800<180 Day Usage Count>1616ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.DEC 152022283
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113327http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.1133272022-10-01 00:00:0019Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology6F0EWGreen Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008837447000030 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772
Seven Years of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity at High Latitudes: Variability in Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGsea surface salinity; remote sensing; Arctic ocean; SMOS; Arctic rivers; data processing; quality assessmentIMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; OCEAN; WATER; MODEL; ICE; IMPROVEMENTS; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVALS; INSTRUMENTOlmedo, E; Gabarro, C; Gonzalez-Gambau, V; Martinez, J; Ballabrera-Poy, J; Turiel, A; Portabella, M; Fournier, S; Lee, TOlmedo, Estrella; Gabarro, Carolina; Gonzalez-Gambau, Veronica; Martinez, Justino; Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquim; Turiel, Antonio; Portabella, Marcos; Fournier, Severine; Lee, TongEnglishThis paper aims to present and assess the quality of seven years (2011-2017) of 25 km nine-day Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) objectively analyzed maps in the Arctic and sub-Arctic oceans (50 degrees N-90 degrees N). The SMOS SSS maps presented in this work are an improved version of the preliminary three-year dataset generated and freely distributed by the Barcelona Expert Center. In this new version, a time-dependent bias correction has been applied to mitigate the seasonal bias that affected the previous SSS maps. An extensive database of in situ data (Argo floats and thermosalinograph measurements) has been used for assessing the accuracy of this product. The standard deviation of the difference between the new SMOS SSS maps and Argo SSS ranges from 0.25 and 0.35. The major features of the inter-annual SSS variations observed by the thermosalinographs are also captured by the SMOS SSS maps. However, the validation in some regions of the Arctic Ocean has not been feasible because of the lack of in situ data. In those regions, qualitative comparisons with SSS provided by models and the remotely sensed SSS provided by Aquarius and SMAP have been performed. Despite the differences between SMOS and SMAP, both datasets show consistent SSS variations with respect to the model and the river discharge in situ data, but present a larger dynamic range than that of the model. This result suggests that, in those regions, the use of the remotely sensed SSS may help to improve the models.[Olmedo, Estrella; Gabarro, Carolina; Gonzalez-Gambau, Veronica; Martinez, Justino; Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquim; Turiel, Antonio; Portabella, Marcos] CSIC, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Oceanog, Pg Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; [Olmedo, Estrella; Gabarro, Carolina; Gonzalez-Gambau, Veronica; Martinez, Justino; Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquim; Turiel, Antonio; Portabella, Marcos] Barcelona Expert Ctr, Pg Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain; [Fournier, Severine; Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USAConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro Mediterraneo de Investigaciones Marinas y Ambientales (CMIMA); CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM); California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space AdministratioOlmedo, E (corresponding author), CSIC, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Phys Oceanog, Pg Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.;Olmedo, E (corresponding author), Barcelona Expert Ctr, Pg Maritim 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain.olmedo@icm.csic.es; cgabarro@icm.csic.es; vgonzalez@icm.csic.es; justino@icm.csic.es; joaquim@icm.csic.es; turiel@icm.csic.es; portabella@icm.csic.es; Severine.Fournier@jpl.nasa.gov; tlee@jpl.nasa.govMartinez, Justino/H-2840-2012; Gabarro, Carolina/N-3526-2014; Portabella, Marcos/A-9511-2015; Olmedo, Estrella/I-1521-2015; Poy, Joaquim Ballabrera/I-1955-2015; Turiel, Antonio M/A-7936-2008; Lee, Tong/AAZ-6447-2020; González, Verónica/L-9381-2014; FourniMartinez, Justino/0000-0002-4749-0292; Gabarro, Carolina/0000-0003-0004-1964; Portabella, Marcos/0000-0002-9972-9090; Olmedo, Estrella/0000-0002-3178-1554; Poy, Joaquim Ballabrera/0000-0002-1753-221X; Turiel, Antonio M/0000-0001-6103-224X; Lee, Tong/0000-Spanish R+D plan [ESP2017-89463-C3-1-R, ESP2015-67549-C3-2]; European Space AgencySpanish R+D plan; European Space Agency(European Space AgencyEuropean Commission)This research was funded by the Spanish R+D plan under projects L-BAND (ESP2017-89463-C3-1-R) and PROMISES (ESP2015-67549-C3-2) and from European Space Agency by means of the contracts SMOS ESL L2OS, CCI+ SSS and Arctic+ SSS.523636<180 Day Usage Count>37MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.NOV20181011
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111772http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1011177224Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyHC3WOGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004517338001030 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014675
Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANSsubmarine permafrost; Arctic; cryosphere; sea levelICE-BEARING PERMAFROST; SEA; SEDIMENT; SYSTEM; MARGIN; SHELF; OCEAN; WATER; GLACIATION; QUATERNARYOverduin, PP; von Deimling, TS; Miesner, F; Grigoriev, MN; Ruppel, C; Vasiliev, A; Lantuit, H; Juhls, B; Westermann, SOverduin, P. P.; von Deimling, T. Schneider; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S.EnglishOffshore permafrost plays a role in the global climate system, but observations of permafrost thickness, state, and composition are limited to specific regions. The current global permafrost map shows potential offshore permafrost distribution based on bathymetry and global sea level rise. As a first-order estimate, we employ a heat transfer model to calculate the subsurface temperature field. Our model uses dynamic upper boundary conditions that synthesize Earth System Model air temperature, ice mass distribution and thickness, and global sea level reconstruction and applies globally distributed geothermal heat flux as a lower boundary condition. Sea level reconstruction accounts for differences between marine and terrestrial sedimentation history. Sediment composition and pore water salinity are integrated in the model. Model runs for 450ka for cross-shelf transects were used to initialize the model for circumarctic modeling for the past 50ka. Preindustrial submarine permafrost (i.e., cryotic sediment), modeled at 12.5-km spatial resolution, lies beneath almost 2.5 x10(6)km(2) of the Arctic shelf. Our simple modeling approach results in estimates of distribution of cryotic sediment that are similar to the current global map and recent seismically delineated permafrost distributions for the Beaufort and Kara seas, suggesting that sea level is a first-order determinant for submarine permafrost distribution. Ice content and sediment thermal conductivity are also important for determining rates of permafrost thickness change. The model provides a consistent circumarctic approach to map submarine permafrost and to estimate the dynamics of permafrost in the past.[Overduin, P. P.; von Deimling, T. Schneider; Miesner, F.; Lantuit, H.] AWI, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Grigoriev, M. N.] Russian Acad Sci, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Ruppel, C.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Vasiliev, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tyumen Sci Ctr, Tyumen, Russia; [Vasiliev, A.] Tyumen State Univ, Tyumen, Russia; [Juhls, B.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Space Sci, Berlin, Germany; [Westermann, S.] Univ Oslo, Geosci Dept, Oslo, NorwayHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen State University; Free University of Berlin; University of OsloOverduin, PP (corresponding author), AWI, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.paul.overduin@awi.deLantuit, Hugues/ABC-8692-2020; Westermann, Sebastian/I-2976-2012; Juhls, Bennet/AAD-8848-2021; Overduin, Paul P/B-3258-2017; Vasiliev, Alexander/AAQ-4558-2020; Grigoriev, Mikhail/J-7655-2016; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas/D-8289-2013Lantuit, Hugues/0000-0003-1497-6760; Westermann, Sebastian/0000-0003-0514-4321; Overduin, Paul P/0000-0001-9849-4712; Vasiliev, Alexander/0000-0001-5483-8456; Grigoriev, Mikhail/0000-0003-1997-9506; Miesner, Frederieke/0000-0002-2849-0406; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas/0000-0002-4140-0495; Juhls, Bennet/0000-0002-5844-6318Helmholtz Association of Research Centres (HGF) Joint Russian-German Research Group [HGF JRG 100]; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [773421]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR/RFFI) grants [18-05-60004, 18-05-70091]; International Permafrost Association (IPA); Association for Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS)Helmholtz Association of Research Centres (HGF) Joint Russian-German Research Group; European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR/RFFI) grants; International Permafrost Association (IPA); Association for Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS)Boundary condition data are available online via the sources referenced in the manuscript. This work was partially funded by a Helmholtz Association of Research Centres (HGF) Joint Russian-German Research Group (HGF JRG 100). This study is part of a project that has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 773421. Submarine permafrost studies in the Kara and Laptev Seas were supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR/RFFI) grants 18-05-60004 and 18-05-70091, respectively. The International Permafrost Association (IPA) and the Association for Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) supported research coordination that led to this study. We acknowledge coordination support of theWorld Climate Research Programme (WCRP) through their core project on Climate and Cryosphere (CliC). Thanks to Martin Jakobsson for providing a digitized version of the preliminary IHO delineation of the Arctic seas and to Guy Masters for access to the observational geothermal database. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.1003435<180 Day Usage Count>215AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-92752169-9291J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSJ. Geophys. Res.-OceansJUN2019124634903507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014675http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JC01467518OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyIM1BAGreen Published, Green Accepted2023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0004777222000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183094
Surface Properties Linked to Retrieval Uncertainty of Satellite Sea-Ice Thickness with Upward-Looking Sonar Measurements
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGsea ice thickness; radar altimetry; validation; surface propertiesSNOW DEPTH; FREEBOARD RETRIEVAL; CRYOSAT-2; PRODUCTS; MISSION; VOLUME; IMPACTKhvorostovsky, K; Hendricks, S; Rinne, EKhvorostovsky, Kirill; Hendricks, Stefan; Rinne, EeroEnglishOne of the key sources of uncertainties in sea ice freeboard and thickness estimates derived from satellite radar altimetry results from changes in sea ice surface properties. In this study, we analyse this effect, comparing upward-looking sonar (ULS) measurements in the Beaufort Sea over the period 2003-2018 to sea ice draft derived from Envisat and Cryosat-2 data. We show that the sea ice draft growth underestimation observed for the most of winter seasons depends on the surface properties preconditioned by the melt intensity during the preceding summer. The comparison of sea ice draft time series in the Cryosat-2 era indicates that applying 50% retracker thresholds, used to produce the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (CCI) product, provide better agreement between satellite retrievals and ULS data than the 80% threshold that is closer to the expected physical waveform interpretation. Our results, therefore, indicate compensating error contributions in the full end-to-end sea-ice thickness processing chain, which prevents the quantification of individual factors with sea-ice thickness/draft validation data alone.[Khvorostovsky, Kirill] Russian State Hydrometeorol Univ, Satellite Oceanog Lab, St Petersburg 195196, Russia; [Hendricks, Stefan] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Rinne, Eero] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Marine Res, FI-00100 Helsinki, FinlandRussian State Hydrometeorological University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Finnish Meteorological InstituteKhvorostovsky, K (corresponding author), Russian State Hydrometeorol Univ, Satellite Oceanog Lab, St Petersburg 195196, Russia.kirill@rshu.ru; stefan.hendricks@awi.de; eero.rinne@fmi.fiKhvorostovsky, Kirill/ABD-7783-2020; Hendricks, Stefan/D-5168-2011Hendricks, Stefan/0000-0002-1412-3146; Rinne, Eero/0000-0002-4796-3387Russian Science Foundation [19-17-00236]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia [0763-2020-0005]; Russian Science Foundation [19-17-00236] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 19-17-00236 and by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, State assignment No 0763-2020-0005.3144<180 Day Usage Count>15MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.SEP20201218
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183094http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1218309416Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyOE0OTgold, Green Published2023-03-13WOS:0005802419000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0035
The Canadian Beaufort Shelf trophic structure: evaluating an ecosystem modelling approach by comparison with observed stable isotopic structure
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEEcopath with Ecosim; stable isotopes of nitrogen; trophic level; marine ecosystemDISCRIMINATION FACTORS DELTA-N-15; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; MARINE FOOD-WEB; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; BELUGA WHALES; FATTY-ACID; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIET; DELTA-C-13Hoover, C; Giraldo, C; Ehrman, A; Suchy, KD; MacPhee, SA; Brewster, J; Reist, JD; Power, M; Swanson, H; Loseto, LHoover, C.; Giraldo, C.; Ehrman, A.; Suchy, K. D.; MacPhee, S. A.; Brewster, J.; Reist, J. D.; Power, M.; Swanson, H.; Loseto, L.EnglishClimate-driven impacts on marine trophic pathways worldwide are compounded by sea-ice loss at northern latitudes. For the Arctic, current information describing food-web linkages is fragmented, and there is a need for tools that can describe overarching trophic structure despite limited species-specific data. Here, we tested the ability of a mass-balanced ecosystem model ( Ecopath with Ecosim, EwE) to reconstruct the trophic hierarchy of 31 groups, from primary producers to polar bears, in the Canadian Beaufort Sea continental shelf. Trophic level (TL) estimates from EwE were compared with those derived from two nitrogen stable isotope (SI) modelling approaches (SI linear and scaled) to assess EwE accuracy, using a data set of 642 delta N-15 observations across 282 taxa. TLs from EwE were strongly, positively related to those from both SI models (R-2 > 0.80). EwE performed well (within 0.2 TL) for groups with relatively well-known diets or for taxa characterized by fewer trophic connections (e.g., primary consumers). Performance was worse (>0.5 TL) for species groups aggregated at coarse taxonomic levels, those with poorly documented diets, and for anadromous fishes. Comparisons with SI models suggested that the scaled approach can overestimate the TL of top predators if ecosystem-specific information is not considered.[Hoover, C.; Brewster, J.] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Hoover, C.; Giraldo, C.; Ehrman, A.; MacPhee, S. A.; Brewster, J.; Reist, J. D.; Loseto, L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Giraldo, C.] IFREMER, HMMN, Ctr Manche Mer Nord, BP 669, F-62321 Boulogne Sur Mer, France; [Suchy, K. D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Power, M.; Swanson, H.] Univ Waterloo, Biol Dept, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Hoover, C.] Dalhousie Univ, Marine Affairs Program, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Suchy, K. D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ4, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Ifremer; University of Victoria; University of Waterloo; Dalhousie University; University of British ColumbiaHoover, C (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.;Hoover, C (corresponding author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Cent & Arctic Reg, 501 Univ Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.;Hoover, C (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Marine Affairs Program, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.Carie.Hoover@dal.caGiraldo, Carolina/0000-0003-0278-522X10244<180 Day Usage Count>35CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.MAR202281292312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0035http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-003521Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics1X6EAGreen Submitted, gold, Green Published2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008075443000080 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060869
The Potential and Challenges of Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Sea Surface Salinity to Monitor Arctic Ocean Freshwater Changes
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGSMAP; sea surface salinity; Arctic Ocean; sea ice; river discharge; Arctic GatewaysBAND RADIOMETER/SCATTEROMETER OBSERVATIONS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; POLAR-REGIONS; AQUARIUS; CYCLE; ARGO; RETRIEVALS; MECHANISMS; GREENLAND; MISSIONTang, WQ; Yueh, S; Yang, DQ; Fore, A; Hayashi, A; Lee, T; Fournier, S; Holt, BTang, Wenqing; Yueh, Simon; Yang, Daqing; Fore, Alexander; Hayashi, Akiko; Lee, Tong; Fournier, Severine; Holt, BenjaminEnglishSea surface salinity (SSS) links various components of the Arctic freshwater system. SSS responds to freshwater inputs from river discharge, sea ice change, precipitation and evaporation, and oceanic transport through the open straits of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. However, in situ SSS data in the Arctic Ocean are very sparse and insufficient to depict the large-scale variability to address the critical question of how climate variability and change affect the Arctic Ocean freshwater. The L-band microwave radiometer on board the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been providing SSS measurements since April 2015, at approximately 60 km resolution with Arctic Ocean coverage in 1-2 days. With improved land/ice correction, the SMAP SSS algorithm that was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is able to retrieve SSS in ice-free regions 35 km of the coast. SMAP observes a large-scale contrast in salinity between the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the Arctic Ocean, while retrievals within the Arctic Circle vary over time, depending on the sea ice coverage and river runoff. We assess the accuracy of SMAP SSS through comparative analysis with in situ salinity data collected by Argo floats, ships, gliders, and in field campaigns. Results derived from nearly 20,000 pairs of SMAP and in situ data North of 50 degrees N collocated within a 12.5-km radius and daily time window indicate a Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) less than similar to 1 psu with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 and a near unity regression slope over the entire range of salinity. In contrast, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has a smaller RMSD with Argo. However, there are clear systematic biases in the HYCOM for salinity in the range of 25-30 psu, leading to a regression slope of about 0.5. In the region North of 65 degrees N, the number of collocated samples drops more than 70%, resulting in an RMSD of about 1.2 psu. SMAP SSS in the Kara Sea shows a consistent response to discharge anomalies from the Ob' and Yenisei rivers between 2015 and 2016, providing an assessment of runoff impact in a region where no in situ salinity data are available for validation. The Kara Sea SSS anomaly observed by SMAP is missing in the HYCOM SSS, which assimilates climatological runoffs without interannual changes. We explored the feasibility of using SMAP SSS to monitor the sea surface salinity variability at the major Arctic Ocean gateways. Results show that although the SMAP SSS is limited to about 1 psu accuracy, many large salinity changes are observable. This may lead to the potential application of satellite SSS in the Arctic monitoring system as a proxy of the upper ocean layer freshwater exchanges with subarctic oceans.[Tang, Wenqing; Yueh, Simon; Fore, Alexander; Hayashi, Akiko; Lee, Tong; Fournier, Severine; Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Yang, Daqing] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaCalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Environment & Climate Change CanadaTang, WQ (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.Wenqing.Tang@jpl.nasa.gov; Simon.H.Yueh@jpl.nasa.gov; daqing.yang@canada.ca; Alexander.Fore@jpl.nasa.gov; Akiko.K.Hayashi@jpl.nasa.gov; tlee@jpl.nasa.gov; Severine.Fournier@jpl.nasa.gov; Benjamin.M.Holt@jpl.nasa.govLee, Tong/AAZ-6447-2020; Fore, Alexander/M-4439-2019; Fournier, Severine/AAG-8429-2020; Yueh, Simon/AAV-3920-2021Lee, Tong/0000-0001-9817-2908; Fournier, Severine/0000-0002-6420-9749714545<180 Day Usage Count>011MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.JUN2018106
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10060869http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1006086923Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyGK9JIGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004365618000630 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaAmundsen GulfNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.003
Unraveling the intricate dynamics of planktonic Arctic marine food webs. A sensitivity analysis of a well-documented food web model
ArticlePROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHYFood web; Sensitivity analysis; Ecosystem functioning; ENA; Linear inverse modeling; Arctic; Amundsen GulfDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; BACTERIAL-ACTIVITY; NETWORK ANALYSIS; CARBON FLUXES; UPPER OCEAN; INVERSE; GROWTH; COPEPODS; SEASaint-Beat, B; Maps, F; Babin, MSaint-Beat, Blanche; Maps, Frederic; Babin, MarcelEnglishThe extreme and variable environment shapes the functioning of Arctic ecosystems and the life cycles of its species. This delicate balance is now threatened by the unprecedented pace and magnitude of global climate change and anthropogenic pressure. Understanding the long-term consequences of these changes remains an elusive, yet pressing, goal. Our work was specifically aimed at identifying which biological processes impact Arctic planktonic ecosystem functioning, and how. Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices reveal emergent ecosystem properties that are not accessible through simple in situ observation. These indices are based on the architecture of carbon flows within food webs. But, despite the recent increase in in situ measurements from Arctic seas, many flow values remain unknown. Linear inverse modeling (LIM) allows missing flow values to be estimated from existing flow observations and, subsequent reconstruction of ecosystem food webs. Through a sensitivity analysis on a LIM model of the Amundsen Gulf in the Canadian Arctic, we were able to determine which processes affected the emergent properties of the planktonic ecosystem. The analysis highlighted the importance of an accurate knowledge of the various processes controlling bacterial production (e.g. bacterial growth efficiency and viral lysis). More importantly, a change in the fate of the microzooplankton within the food web can be monitored through the trophic level of mesozooplankton. It can be used as a canary in the coal mine signal, a forewamer of larger ecosystem change,[Saint-Beat, Blanche] Laval Univ, Takuv Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; CNRS, Paris, France; Univ Laval, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaLaval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laval UniversitySaint-Beat, B (corresponding author), Laval Univ, Takuv Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.blanche.saint-beat@takuvik.ulaval.caMaps, Frederic/L-4546-2013Maps, Frederic/0000-0001-7115-2464; Saint-Beat, Blanche/0000-0002-2401-2052; Babin, Marcel/0000-0001-9233-2253Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic FrontierCanada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic FrontierWe gratefully thank C. Bouchard, M. Goeffroy and M. Leblanc for their support on the description of Arctic cod features in the Amundsen Gulf. BSB received a postdoctorate fellowship from the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier (MB). This work benefited from a CRSNG Discovery Grant to FM. This is a contribution to the research programs of Quebec Ocean, ArcticNet and UMI Takuvik.99910<180 Day Usage Count>331PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0079-6611PROG OCEANOGRProg. Oceanogr.JAN2018160167185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.003http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.00319OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)OceanographyFX6YY2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004262344000090 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCanadaAllAll communitiesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.004
Projected changes to extreme wind and snow environmental loads for buildings and infrastructure across Canada
ArticleSUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETYBuilding codes; Canada; Climate change; Extremes; Snow load; Wind pressureREGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; POSSIBLE IMPACTS; PART I; ENSEMBLE; TRENDS; DEPTH; SYSTEM; SPEEDS; COVER; GUSTSJeong, DI; Sushama, LJeong, Dae Il; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishWind and snow are major environmental loads that are often considered in the design of buildings and infrastructure. To ensure safety of existing structures and to develop guidelines for future developments, it is important to evaluate how these design loads will be impacted by the anticipated climate change. This study evaluates projected changes to selected return levels of wind speed and snow water equivalent (SWE) and associated wind pressure and ground snow loads across Canada for the future 2071-2100 period. Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) simulations driven by two Global Climate Models (GCMs) for two future emission scenarios are used. The CRCM5 projections suggest some increases in the future 50-year return levels of wind speed and pressure, mainly due to changes in inter-annual variability of annual maximum wind speed, particularly for the central and eastern regions. As for SWE loads, results suggest general decreases for southern Canada and increases for northern Canada in the 50-year return levels. However, the projections, particularly for wind loads, vary considerably with the driving GCM and the emission scenario, suggesting that larger ensembles including more RCMs and driving GCMs will be required to better quantify uncertainties to support development of climate-resilient design standards and codes.[Jeong, Dae Il; Sushama, Laxmi] Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec MontrealJeong, DI (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Ctr ESCER Etud & Simulat Climat Echelle Reg, 201 Ave President Kennedy, Montreal, PQ H2X 3Y7, Canada.jeong@sca.uqam.caJEONG, DAE IL/0000-0002-4163-0741NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research)NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research)This research was undertaken within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes, funded through the NSERC-CCAR (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council-Climate Change and Atmosphere Research) program. All CRCM5 simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.421919<180 Day Usage Count>326ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2210-67072210-6715SUSTAIN CITIES SOCSust. Cities Soc.JAN201836225236
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.004http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.10.00412Construction & Building Technology; Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Energy & FuelsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Construction & Building Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & FuelsFN3LG2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004159000000210 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCanadaBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5227-2021
Snow water equivalent measurement in the Arctic based on cosmic ray neutron attenuation
ArticleCRYOSPHERECALIBRATION; DEPTHJitnikovitch, A; Marsh, P; Walker, B; Desilets, DJitnikovitch, Anton; Marsh, Philip; Walker, Branden; Desilets, DarinEnglishGrounded in situ, or invasive, cosmic ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) may allow for continuous, unattended measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) over complete winter seasons and allow for measurements that are representative of spatially variable Arctic snow covers, but few studies have tested these types of sensors or considered their applicability at remote sites in the Arctic. During the winters of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 we tested a grounded in situ CRNS system at two locations in Canada: a cold, low- to high-SWE environment in the Canadian Arctic and at a warm, low-SWE landscape in southern Ontario that allowed easier access for validation purposes. Five CRNS units were applied in a transect to obtain continuous data for a single significant snow feature; CRNS-moderated neutron counts were compared to manual snow survey SWE values obtained during both winter seasons. The data indicate that grounded in situ CRNS instruments appear able to continuously measure SWE with sufficient accuracy utilizing both a linear regression and nonlinear formulation. These sensors can provide important SWE data for testing snow and hydrological models, water resource management applications, and the validation of remote sensing applications.[Jitnikovitch, Anton; Marsh, Philip; Walker, Branden] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Desilets, Darin] Hydroinnova LLC, 1401 Morningside Dr NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USAWilfrid Laurier UniversityJitnikovitch, A (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.antonjitnikovitch@hotmail.comCanada Research Chairs program; Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council; Polar Knowledge Canada; Arctic Net; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramCanada Research Chairs program(Canada Research Chairs); Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada; Arctic Net; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramFunding and logistical support for this study was provided by the Canada Research Chairs program, Wilfrid Laurier University, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council, Polar Knowledge Canada, Arctic Net, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program. This project was completed with approval from the Government of the Northwest Territories and the Aurora Research Institute under Science License no. 16047 and 16237. The authors sincerely thank Matthew Tsui, Barun Majumder, Brampton Dakin, Philip Mann, and Aaron Berg. We sincerely thank our anonymous reviewers and the community reviewer, Alain Royer.5200<180 Day Usage Count>05COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereNOV 252021151152275239
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5227-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5227-202113Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyXD9RJGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0007230367000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaBeaufort shorelineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030818
A Circum-Arctic Monitoring Framework for Quantifying Annual Erosion Rates of Permafrost Coasts
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGpermafrost; coastal erosion; circum-Arctic; deep learning; change vector analysis; Google Earth Engine; synthetic aperture RADARSEA-ICE; CARBON; AMPLIFICATION; PROGRESS; IMPACTS; NETWORK; SCIENCE; SPACE; TOOLPhilipp, M; Dietz, A; Ullmann, T; Kuenzer, CPhilipp, Marius; Dietz, Andreas; Ullmann, Tobias; Kuenzer, ClaudiaEnglishThis study demonstrates a circum-Arctic monitoring framework for quantifying annual change of permafrost-affected coasts at a spatial resolution of 10 m. Frequent cloud coverage and challenging lighting conditions, including polar night, limit the usability of optical data in Arctic regions. For this reason, Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) data in the form of annual median and standard deviation (sd) Sentinel-1 (S1) backscatter images covering the months June-September for the years 2017-2021 were computed. Annual composites for the year 2020 were hereby utilized as input for the generation of a high-quality coastline product via a Deep Learning (DL) workflow, covering 161,600 km of the Arctic coastline. The previously computed annual S1 composites for the years 2017 and 2021 were employed as input data for the Change Vector Analysis (CVA)-based coastal change investigation. The generated DL coastline product served hereby as a reference. Maximum erosion rates of up to 67 m per year could be observed based on 400 m coastline segments. Overall highest average annual erosion can be reported for the United States (Alaska) with 0.75 m per year, followed by Russia with 0.62 m per year. Out of all seas covered in this study, the Beaufort Sea featured the overall strongest average annual coastal erosion of 1.12 m. Several quality layers are provided for both the DL coastline product and the CVA-based coastal change analysis to assess the applicability and accuracy of the output products. The predicted coastal change rates show good agreement with findings published in previous literature. The proposed methods and data may act as a valuable tool for future analysis of permafrost loss and carbon emissions in Arctic coastal environments.[Philipp, Marius; Ullmann, Tobias; Kuenzer, Claudia] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Dept Remote Sensing, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany; [Philipp, Marius; Dietz, Andreas; Kuenzer, Claudia] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr DFD, Muenchener Str 20, D-82234 Wessling, GermanyUniversity of Wurzburg; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR)Philipp, M (corresponding author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, Dept Remote Sensing, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.;Philipp, M (corresponding author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, German Remote Sensing Data Ctr DFD, Muenchener Str 20, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.marius.philipp@uni-wuerzburg.deDietz, Andreas/0000-0002-5733-71369100<180 Day Usage Count>22MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.FEB2023153
818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030818http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1503081828Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology8V0EZgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0009303154000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297
A raster version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM)
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTAVHRR; MODIS; CAVM; Land cover classification; Arctic; Arctic vegetation; TreelineTUNDRA; PERMAFROST; PENINSULA; CARBON; COVER; AVHRRRaynolds, MK; Walker, DA; Balser, A; Bay, C; Campbell, M; Cherosov, MM; Daniels, FJA; Eidesen, PB; Emiokhina, KA; Frost, GV; Jedrzejek, B; Jorgenson, MT; Kennedy, BE; Kholod, SS; Lavrinenko, IA; Lavrinenko, OV; Magnusson, B; Matveyeva, NV; Metusalemsson, S; Nilsen, L; Olthof, I; Pospelov, IN; Pospelova, EB; Pouliot, D; Razzhivin, V; Schaepman-Strub, G; Sibik, J; Telyatnikov, MY; Troeva, ERaynolds, Martha K.; Walker, Donald A.; Balser, Andrew; Bay, Christian; Campbell, Mitch; Cherosov, Mikhail M.; Daniels, Fred J. A.; Eidesen, Pernille Bronken; Emiokhina, Ksenia A.; Frost, Gerald V.; Jedrzejek, Birgit; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Kennedy, Blair E.; Kholod, Sergei S.; Lavrinenko, Igor A.; Lavrinenko, Olga V.; Magnusson, Borgthor; Matveyeva, Nadezhda V.; Metusalemsson, Sigmar; Nilsen, Lennart; Olthof, Ian; Pospelov, Igor N.; Pospelova, Elena B.; Pouliot, Darren; Razzhivin, Vladimir; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela; Sibik, Jozef; Telyatnikov, Mikhail Yu.; Troeva, ElenaEnglishLand cover maps are the basic data layer required for understanding and modeling ecological patterns and processes. The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM), produced in 2003, has been widely used as a base map for studies in the arctic tundra biome. However, the relatively coarse resolution and vector format of the map were not compatible with many other data sets. We present a new version of the CAVM, building on the strengths of the original map, while providing a finer spatial resolution, raster format, and improved mapping. The Raster CAVM uses the legend, extent and projection of the original CAVM. The legend has 16 vegetation types, glacier, saline water, freshwater, and non-arctic land. The Raster CAVM divides the original rock-water-vegetation complex map unit that mapped the Canadian Shield into two map units, distinguishing between areas with lichen- and shrub-dominated vegetation. In contrast to the original hand-drawn CAVM, the new map is based on unsupervised classifications of seventeen geographic/floristic sub-sections of the Arctic, using AVHRR and MODIS data (reflectance and NDVI) and elevation data. The units resulting from the classification were modeled to the CAVM types using a wide variety of ancillary data. The map was reviewed by experts familiar with their particular region, including many of the original authors of the CAVM from Canada, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway (including Svalbard), Russia, and the U.S. The analysis presented here summarizes the area, geographical distribution, elevation, summer temperatures, and NDVI of the map units. The greater spatial resolution of the Raster CAVM allowed more detailed mapping of water-bodies and mountainous areas. It portrays coastal-inland gradients, and better reflects the heterogeneity of vegetation type distribution than the original CAVM. Accuracy assessment of random 1-km pixels interpreted from 6 Landsat scenes showed an average of 70% accuracy, up from 39% for the original CAVM. The distribution of shrub-dominated types changed the most, with more prostrate shrub tundra mapped in mountainous areas, and less low shrub tundra in lowland areas. This improved mapping is important for quantifying existing and potential changes to land cover, a key environmental indicator for modeling and monitoring ecosystems.[Raynolds, Martha K.; Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Balser, Andrew] AECOM Environm, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Bay, Christian] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Campbell, Mitch; Cherosov, Mikhail M.; Troeva, Elena] Nunavut Dept Environm, Arviat, NU, Canada; [Daniels, Fred J. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Yakutsk, Russia; [Daniels, Fred J. A.] Univ Munster, Inst Biol & Biotechnol Plants, Schlosspl 8, D-48143 Munster, Germany; [Eidesen, Pernille Bronken] Univ Ctr Svalbard, PB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Emiokhina, Ksenia A.; Pospelov, Igor N.; Pospelova, Elena B.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, 33 Leninskiy Ave, Moscow 119071, Russia; [Frost, Gerald V.] ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA; [Jedrzejek, Birgit] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Heisenbergstr 2, D-48149 Munster, Germany; [Jorgenson, M. Torre] Alaska Ecosci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA; [Kennedy, Blair E.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON KIA 0H3, Canada; [Kholod, Sergei S.; Lavrinenko, Igor A.; Lavrinenko, Olga V.; Matveyeva, Nadezhda V.; Razzhivin, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Komarov Bot Inst, Prof Popov 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia; [Magnusson, Borgthor; Metusalemsson, Sigmar] Icelandic Inst Nat Hist, Urridaholtsstr 6-8, IS-212 Garoabcer, Iceland; [Nilsen, Lennart] Univ Tromso, Hansine Hansens Veg 18, N-9019 Tromso, Norway; [Olthof, Ian; Pouliot, Darren] Nat Resources Canada, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada; [Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [Sibik, Jozef] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Plant Sci & Biodivers Ctr, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Telyatnikov, Mikhail Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, RF Acad Sci, Cent Siberian Bot Garden, Siberian Branch, Zolotodolinskaya Str 101, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaUniversity of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Aarhus University; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Munster; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Munster; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Natural Resources Canada; University of Zurich; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Central Siberian Botanical Garden; Russian Academy of SciencesRaynolds, MK (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.mkraynolds@alaska.eduSchaepman-Strub, Gabriela/D-8785-2011; Nilsen, Lennart/AAE-7911-2021; Igor, Pospelov/S-7976-2016; Troeva, Elena I/Q-9286-2016; Ermokhina, Ksenia/D-8601-2017; Sibik, Jozef/F-1717-2011; Lavrinenko, Olga Vasil'evna/K-5290-2018Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/0000-0002-4069-1884; Igor, Pospelov/0000-0001-9564-5589; Troeva, Elena I/0000-0002-8016-830X; Ermokhina, Ksenia/0000-0001-6924-2129; Sibik, Jozef/0000-0002-5949-862X; Telyatnikov, M. Yu./0000-0003-3442-3426NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (LCLUC) [NNX14AD90G]; NASA Pre-ABoVE Program [NNX13AM20G]; NASA ABoVE program [NNH16CP09C]; NSF Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (ARCSEES) [1263854]; NSF Arctic System Science (ARCSS) [1737750]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [18-04-01010 A]; NASA [469229, NNX13AM20G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (LCLUC); NASA Pre-ABoVE Program; NASA ABoVE program; NSF Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (ARCSEES); NSF Arctic System Science (ARCSS); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))Our thanks to Jana Miillerova for discussions of accuracy assessments, and two anonymous reviewers and the journal editor for comments and suggestions which improved the paper. Funding for this project was provided mostly by the NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program (LCLUC Grant No. NNX14AD90G). Additional support was provided by the NASA Pre-ABoVE Program (Grant No. NNX13AM20G), NASA ABoVE program (Contract No. NNH16CP09C), NSF Arctic Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability (ARCSEES Grant No. 1263854), NSF Arctic System Science (ARCSS Award No. 1737750), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 18-04-01010 A). We appreciate the international support from the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Working Group of the Arctic Council for both the original Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM) and for the Raster CAVM.627374<180 Day Usage Count>843ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.OCT2019232
111297
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.11129712Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyIY4ISGreen Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004863553000320 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllSnow depth survey sites throughout the NWT maintained by Environment and Climate Change Canada and the GNWTNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.112988
Benchmarking algorithm changes to the Snow CCI plus snow water equivalent product
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTPASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; MAXIMAL T-TEST; RADIOMETER DATA; BOREAL; DEPTH; PARAMETERS; DENSITY; MODEL; MASSMortimer, C; Mudryk, L; Derksen, C; Brady, M; Luojus, K; Moisander, M; Lemmetyinen, J; Takala, M; Tanis, C; Pulliainen, JMortimer, C.; Mudryk, L.; Derksen, C.; Brady, M.; Luojus, K.; Moisander, M.; Lemmetyinen, J.; Takala, M.; Tanis, C.; Pulliainen, J.EnglishThe European Space Agency (ESA) Snow Climate Change Initiative (CCI+) provides long-term, global time series of daily snow cover fraction and snow water equivalent (SWE). The Snow CCI+ SWE Version 1 (CCIv1) product is built on the GlobSnow algorithm, which combines passive microwave (PMW) data with in situ snow depth (SD) measurements to estimate SWE. While CCIv1 remains algorithmically similar to the most recent GlobSnow product (GlobSnow Version 3), Snow CCI+ SWE Version 2 (CCIv2) incorporates two notable differences. CCIv2 uses updated PMW data from the NASA MEaSUREs Calibrated Passive Microwave Daily EASE-Grid 2.0 Earth Science Data Record and is generated in EASE-Grid 2.0 with 12.5 km grid spacing. It also adjusts SWE retrievals in post-processing by incorporating spatially and temporally varying snow density information. Due to the phased product development framework CCI+ employs, proposed changes between CCIv1 and CCIv2 were implemented in a series of step-wise developmental datasets. Using these developmental datasets, we analyze how changes to input PMW and SD data and the snow density parameterization affect the resulting SWE product. Using in situ snow courses as reference data, we demonstrate that the correlation and RMSE of the CCIv2 developmental product improved 18% (0.10) and 12% (5 mm), respectively, relative to CCIv1. The timing of peak snow mass is shifted two weeks later and a temporal discontinuity in the monthly northern hemisphere snow mass time series associated with the shift from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) in 2009 is also removed.[Mortimer, C.; Mudryk, L.; Derksen, C.; Brady, M.] Environm Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Luojus, K.; Moisander, M.; Lemmetyinen, J.; Takala, M.; Tanis, C.; Pulliainen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, FinlandEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Finnish Meteorological InstituteMortimer, C (corresponding author), Environm Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.colleen.mortimer@ec.gc.caPulliainen, Jouni/Y-4810-2019Pulliainen, Jouni/0000-0003-1157-29205500<180 Day Usage Count>79ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.JUN 12022274
112988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.112988http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.1129882022-03-01 00:00:0014Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology1L0KBhybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0007989804000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveVarious lakes, peatland ponds, and thermokarst waterbodiesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097492
Biogeochemical Distinctiveness of Peatland Ponds, Thermokarst Waterbodies, and Lakes
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSpeatland ponds; lakes; thermokarst waterbodies; biogeochemistry; carbon; nutrientsDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CHEMICAL LIMNOLOGY; METHANE EMISSIONS; FRESH-WATER; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; WESTERN SIBERIA; PERMAFROST THAW; BOREAL LAKESArsenault, J; Talbot, J; Brown, LE; Holden, J; Martinez-Cruz, K; Sepulveda-Jauregui, A; Swindles, GT; Wauthy, M; Lapierre, JFArsenault, Julien; Talbot, Julie; Brown, Lee E.; Holden, Joseph; Martinez-Cruz, Karla; Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando; Swindles, Graeme T.; Wauthy, Maxime; Lapierre, Jean-FrancoisEnglishSmall lentic freshwater ecosystems play a disproportionate role in global biogeochemical cycles by processing large amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), but it is unlikely that they behave as one homogenous group for the purpose of extrapolation. Here, we synthesize biogeochemical data from >12,000 geographically distinct freshwater systems: lakes, peatland ponds, and thermokarst waterbodies. We show that peatland ponds are biogeochemically distinct from the more widely studied lake systems, while thermokarst waterbodies share characteristics with peatland ponds, lakes, or both. For any given size or depth, peatland ponds tend to have dissolved organic carbon concentrations several-fold higher and are 100-fold more acidic than lakes because of the organic matter-rich settings in which they develop. The biogeochemical distinctiveness of freshwater ecosystems highlights the need to account for the fundamental differences in sources and processing of organic matter to understand and predict their role in global biogeochemical cycles.[Arsenault, Julien; Talbot, Julie] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Arsenault, Julien; Talbot, Julie; Wauthy, Maxime; Lapierre, Jean-Francois] Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol GRIL, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Brown, Lee E.; Holden, Joseph] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Water Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Martinez-Cruz, Karla; Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando] Univ Magallanes, Environm Biogeochem Extreme Ecosyst Lab EnBEELab, Punta Arenas, Chile; [Martinez-Cruz, Karla] Univ Konstanz, Environm Phys, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Wauthy, Maxime; Lapierre, Jean-Francois] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; University of Leeds; Universidad de Magallanes; University of Konstanz; Queens University Belfast; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Universite de MontrealArsenault, J (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Arsenault, J (corresponding author), Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol GRIL, Montreal, PQ, Canada.julien.arsenault.1@umontreal.caMartinez-Cruz, Karla/AAC-4902-2021; Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando/J-5049-2019; Talbot, Julie/W-3931-2019Martinez-Cruz, Karla/0000-0001-9365-0616; Sepulveda-Jauregui, Armando/0000-0001-7777-4520; Talbot, Julie/0000-0002-1417-2327; Lapierre, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-5862-7955; Arsenault, Julien/0000-0002-7840-1838; Wauthy, Maxime/0000-0002-7768-7133; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Holden, Joseph/0000-0002-1108-4831NSERC; NERC [NE/J007609/1]; Esmee Fairburn Foundation [10-0774]; International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) under the European Union H2020 Transnational Access programme [262693]NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Esmee Fairburn Foundation; International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) under the European Union H2020 Transnational Access programmeWe thank Dr. Sebastian Sobek for his dataset and comments on an earlier version of the paper, and Dr. Estefania Quenta for the discussion on Andean peatland ponds. We thank Grisel Ramirez Novelo for drawing Figure 4. This work was supported by NSERC Discovery Grant to Julie Talbot and Jean-Francois Lapierre, and NSERC PhD fellowship to Julien Arsenault. Data collection from the peatland ponds in Scotland and Northern Ireland was funded by NERC grant NE/J007609/1 led by Joseph Holden, supported by Andy Baird, Pippa Chapman, Mike Billett, Kerry Dinsmore, Ed Turner, Rebecca McKenzie, and Roxane Andersen. Data collection for the English peatland ponds was funded by the Esmee Fairburn Foundation, Grant 10-0774 led by Lee Brown, involving Joseph Holden, Sorain Ramchunder, and Jeannie Beadle. Lee Brown and Graeme Swindles acknowledge International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) funding under the European Union H2020 Transnational Access programme grant agreement no. 262693 for the PEATARC project in Abisko, Sweden.15111<180 Day Usage Count>1829AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JUN 1620224911
e2021GL097492
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097492http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GL09749213Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology1Y3RBGreen Submitted, Green Published2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008080594000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0526-0
Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw
ArticleNATURE GEOSCIENCEMETHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VULNERABILITY; LAKES; CO2Turetsky, MR; Abbott, BW; Jones, MC; Anthony, KW; Olefeldt, D; Schuur, EAG; Grosse, G; Kuhry, P; Hugelius, G; Koven, C; Lawrence, DM; Gibson, C; Sannel, ABK; McGuire, ADTuretsky, Merritt R.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Jones, Miriam C.; Anthony, Katey Walter; Olefeldt, David; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Grosse, Guido; Kuhry, Peter; Hugelius, Gustaf; Koven, Charles; Lawrence, David M.; Gibson, Carolyn; Sannel, A. Britta K.; McGuire, A. DavidEnglishThe permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil. Abrupt thaw will probably occur in <20% of the permafrost zone but could affect half of permafrost carbon through collapsing ground, rapid erosion and landslides. Here, we synthesize the best available information and develop inventory models to simulate abrupt thaw impacts on permafrost carbon balance. Emissions across 2.5 million km(2) of abrupt thaw could provide a similar climate feedback as gradual thaw emissions from the entire 18 million km(2) permafrost region under the warming projection of Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. While models forecast that gradual thaw may lead to net ecosystem carbon uptake under projections of Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, abrupt thaw emissions are likely to offset this potential carbon sink. Active hillslope erosional features will occupy 3% of abrupt thaw terrain by 2300 but emit one-third of abrupt thaw carbon losses. Thaw lakes and wetlands are methane hot spots but their carbon release is partially offset by slowly regrowing vegetation. After considering abrupt thaw stabilization, lake drainage and soil carbon uptake by vegetation regrowth, we conclude that models considering only gradual permafrost thaw are substantially underestimating carbon emissions from thawing permafrost.[Turetsky, Merritt R.; Gibson, Carolyn] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA; [Anthony, Katey Walter] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ USA; [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Kuhry, Peter; Hugelius, Gustaf; Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Kuhry, Peter; Hugelius, Gustaf; Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, Stockholm, Sweden; [Koven, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA; [Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniversity of Guelph; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Brigham Young University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alberta; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; Stockholm University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksTuretsky, MR (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada.;Turetsky, MR (corresponding author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.merritt.turetsky@colorado.eduHugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Lawrence, David M/C-4026-2011; Abbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Lawrence, David M/0000-0002-2968-3023; Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Walter Anthony, Katey/0000-0003-2079-2896; Jones, Miriam/0000-0002-6650-7619; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475NSERC; PETA-CARB project (ERC) [338335]; BMBF KoPf project; NSF ARCSS [1500931]; NASA ABoVENSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); PETA-CARB project (ERC); BMBF KoPf project(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); NSF ARCSS(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); NASA ABoVES. Frolking provided guidance on the radiative forcing calculations. M. Strimas-Mackey and A. McAdam provided assistance with the R coding. T. Douglas provided constructive feedback on the manuscript. This work is a product of the Permafrost Carbon Network and SEARCH Permafrost Action Team. We acknowledge support from NSERC (to M.R.T.), the PETA-CARB project (ERC number 338335) and BMBF KoPf project (to G.G.), and NSF ARCSS 1500931 and NASA ABoVE (to K.W.A.).50285293<180 Day Usage Count>78400NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPNEW YORK75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA1752-08941752-0908NAT GEOSCINat. Geosci.FEB2020132138+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0526-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0526-08Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyKT7SZYN2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005192145000100 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveAreas in circumpolar Arctic tundra bioclimatic subzones, as defined by the "CAVM Team 2003 Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Map No 1 (Anchorage, AK: US Fish and Wildlife Service) Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map"NAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a76
Circumpolar spatio-temporal patterns and contributing climatic factors of wildfire activity in the Arctic tundra from 2001-2015
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERStundra wildfire; climate feedback; circumpolar Arctic; climate variability; climate changeFIRE; CARBON; VEGETATION; INCREASE; DRIVERMasrur, A; Petrov, AN; DeGroote, JMasrur, Arif; Petrov, Andrey N.; DeGroote, JohnEnglishRecent years have seen an increased frequency of wildfire events in different parts of Arctic tundra ecosystems. Contemporary studies have largely attributed these wildfire events to the Arctic's rapidly changing climate and increased atmospheric disturbances (i.e. thunderstorms). However, existing research has primarily examined the wildfire-climate dynamics of individual large wildfire events. No studies have investigated wildfire activity, including climatic drivers, for the entire tundra biome across multiple years, i.e. at the planetary scale. To address this limitation, this paper provides a planetary/circumpolar scale analyses of space-time patterns of tundra wildfire occurrence and climatic association in the Arctic over a 15 year period (2001-2015). In doing so, we have leveraged and analyzed NASA Terra's MODIS active fire and MERRA climate reanalysis products at multiple temporal scales (decadal, seasonal and monthly). Our exploratory spatial data analysis found that tundra wildfire occurrence was spatially clustered and fire intensity was spatially autocorrelated across the Arctic regions. Most of the wildfire events occurred in the peak summer months (June-August). Our multi-temporal (decadal, seasonal and monthly) scale analyses provide further support to the link between climate variability and wildfire activity. Specifically, we found that warm and dry conditions in the late spring to mid-summer influenced tundra wildfire occurrence, spatio-temporal distribution, and fire intensity. Additionally, reduced average surface precipitation and soil moisture levels in the winter-spring period were associated with increased fire intensity in the following summer. These findings enrich contemporary knowledge on tundra wildfire's spatial and seasonal patterns, and shed new light on tundra wildfire-climate relationships in the circumpolar context. Furthermore, this first pan-Arctic analysis provides a strong incentive and direction for future studies which integrate multiple datasets (i.e. climate, fuels, topography, and ignition sources) to accurately estimate carbon emission from tundra burning and its global climate feedbacks in coming decades.[Masrur, Arif; Petrov, Andrey N.; DeGroote, John] Univ Northern Iowa, ARCTICtr, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA; [Petrov, Andrey N.; DeGroote, John] Univ Northern Iowa, GeoTREE Ctr, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA; [Masrur, Arif] Penn State Univ, GeoVISTA Ctr, State Coll, PA USAUniversity of Northern Iowa; University of Northern Iowa; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State UniversityPetrov, AN (corresponding author), Univ Northern Iowa, ARCTICtr, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.;Petrov, AN (corresponding author), Univ Northern Iowa, GeoTREE Ctr, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA.andrey.petrov@uni.eduMasrur, Arif/U-1062-2019Masrur, Arif/0000-0001-5050-407XNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1338850]National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF))We thank Jonathan Voss for his assistance in processing MERRA-Land data, two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback, and Donna Peuquet and Cary Anderson for their useful comments on an earlier draft, of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr Ramathanan Sugumaran (1968-2017) and Jonathon Launspach for contributing at the early stages of this project. This project has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award #1338850.423132<180 Day Usage Count>343IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.JAN2018131
14019
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a76http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a7611Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesFT1NPgold, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004229036000020 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04147-9
Climatology of Arctic temperature inversions in current and future climates
ArticleTHEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGYNUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; SEA-ICE LOSS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; PART I; SURFACE; STRENGTH; SUMMER; PARAMETERIZATIONRuman, CJ; Monahan, AH; Sushama, LRuman, Caio Jorge; Monahan, Adam Hugh; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishTemperature inversions are a common feature of the Arctic climate, affecting the surface energy budget and planetary boundary layer transports. This study investigates the evolution of large-scale temperature inversions (between 925 hPa and 2 m) in the context of a changing climate. To this end, two five-member regional climate model (RCM) ensembles, driven by the Canadian Earth System Model, spanning the 1950-2099 period, corresponding to two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5), are considered. An ERA-Interim driven simulation for the 1979-2005 period is also considered to assess model performance. A comparison of observed atmospheric soundings with the boundary layer variations in the reanalysis-driven simulation indicates that the model captures the temperature inversion characteristics reasonably well, with some positive biases in the temperature inversion strength and frequency. The transient regional climate change simulations suggest substantial decreases in both temperature inversion strength and frequency in winter in future climate for both emission scenarios. These changes are consistent with the reduced sea ice cover and the associated increase in cloud cover that reduce the surface radiative cooling necessary for the formation of strong temperature inversions. Some increases in the frequency and strength of temperature inversions are projected for summer over the Arctic Ocean, possibly linked with increased poleward moisture transport.[Ruman, Caio Jorge; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Monahan, Adam Hugh] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, CanadaMcGill University; University of VictoriaRuman, CJ (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada.caio.ruman@mail.mcgill.caMarine Environmental Observation, Prediction, and Response (MEOPAR)/Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Year of Polar Prediction project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2019-04986]Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction, and Response (MEOPAR)/Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Year of Polar Prediction project; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This work was supported by funding from the Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction, and Response (MEOPAR)/Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) Year of Polar Prediction project Predicting the Future(s) of Renewable Energy in Canada's Arctic. AHM acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [funding reference number RGPIN-2019-04986].6911<180 Day Usage Count>810SPRINGER WIENWIENSACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA0177-798X1434-4483THEOR APPL CLIMATOLTheor. Appl. Climatol.OCT2022150121134
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04147-9http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04147-92022-07-01 00:00:0014Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4Q8RG2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008303175000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaAll Beaufort Delta communities and infrastructure within 100km of the Arctic coastlineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176
Expanding infrastructure and growing anthropogenic impacts along Arctic coasts
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSArctic; permafrost; settlements; infrastructure; remote sensing; machine learning; SentinelCLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST; VULNERABILITY; COMMUNITIES; ADAPTATION; DYNAMICS; FIELD; ICE; OIL; MAPBartsch, A; Pointner, G; Nitze, I; Efimova, A; Jakober, D; Ley, S; Hogstrom, E; Grosse, G; Schweitzer, PBartsch, Annett; Pointner, Georg; Nitze, Ingmar; Efimova, Aleksandra; Jakober, Dan; Ley, Sarah; Hoegstroem, Elin; Grosse, Guido; Schweitzer, PeterEnglishThe accelerating climatic changes and new infrastructure development across the Arctic require more robust risk and environmental assessment, but thus far there is no consistent record of human impact. We provide a first panarctic satellite-based record of expanding infrastructure and anthropogenic impacts along all permafrost affected coasts (100 km buffer, approximate to 6.2 Mio km(2)), named the Sentinel-1/2 derived Arctic Coastal Human Impact (SACHI) dataset. The completeness and thematic content goes beyond traditional satellite based approaches as well as other publicly accessible data sources. Three classes are considered: linear transport infrastructure (roads and railways), buildings, and other impacted area. C-band synthetic aperture radar and multi-spectral information (2016-2020) is exploited within a machine learning framework (gradient boosting machines and deep learning) and combined for retrieval with 10 m nominal resolution. In total, an area of 1243 km(2) constitutes human-built infrastructure as of 2016-2020. Depending on region, SACHI contains 8%-48% more information (human presence) than in OpenStreetMap. 221 (78%) more settlements are identified than in a recently published dataset for this region. 47% is not covered in a global night-time light dataset from 2016. At least 15% (180 km(2)) correspond to new or increased detectable human impact since 2000 according to a Landsat-based normalized difference vegetation index trend comparison within the analysis extent. Most of the expanded presence occurred in Russia, but also some in Canada and US. 31% and 5% of impacted area associated predominantly with oil/gas and mining industry respectively has appeared after 2000. 55% of the identified human impacted area will be shifting to above 0 C-circle ground temperature at two meter depth by 2050 if current permafrost warming trends continue at the pace of the last two decades, highlighting the critical importance to better understand how much and where Arctic infrastructure may become threatened by permafrost thaw.[Bartsch, Annett; Pointner, Georg; Efimova, Aleksandra; Jakober, Dan; Ley, Sarah; Hoegstroem, Elin] Bgeos, Industriestr 1, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria; [Bartsch, Annett; Schweitzer, Peter] Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria; [Nitze, Ingmar; Grosse, Guido] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Permafrost Res Sect, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; [Schweitzer, Peter] Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, Univ Str 7, A-1010 Vienna, AustriaHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; University of ViennaBartsch, A (corresponding author), Bgeos, Industriestr 1, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria.;Bartsch, A (corresponding author), Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria.annett.bartsch@bgeos.comGrosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Schweitzer, Peter/AAC-6615-2022; Bartsch, Annett/G-6332-2012Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Schweitzer, Peter/0000-0003-1526-1900; Nitze, Ingmar/0000-0002-1165-6852; Pointner, Georg/0000-0003-2539-3827; Bartsch, Annett/0000-0002-3737-7931European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [773421, 869471]; ESA CCI+ Permafrost; HGF AI-CORE; European Research Council [885646]; FFG FemTech projects [874213, 880182]; NSF Permafrost Discovery GatewayEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme; ESA CCI+ Permafrost; HGF AI-CORE; European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); FFG FemTech projects; NSF Permafrost Discovery GatewayThis publication is part of the Nunataryuk and CHARTER projects. The projects have received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement Nos. 773421 and 869471. Further support was received by ESA CCI+ Permafrost, HGF AI-CORE, European Research Council project No. 885646, FFG FemTech projects CoastSAR (874213) and CoastAIMap (880182), and NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway.; The processing scheme was developed on a highly performant virtual machine (VM) provided by the Copernicus Research and User Support (RUS). Results are based on modified Copernicus data from 2016 to 2020. The training and validation processes in this work are partially based on cadastral data of Lokalstyret in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. We also would like to acknowledge the voluntary contributors to OpenStreetMap and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript.481111<180 Day Usage Count>520IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV20211611
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3176http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac317622Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWT8TDGreen Published, gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007161307000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4142-2
Impact of dynamic vegetation phenology on the simulated pan-Arctic land surface state
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSDynamic vegetation model; Albedo; Permafrost; Active layer thickness; Climate changeLEAF-AREA INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; MODEL; FEEDBACKS; RADIATION; FLUXES; SCHEME; GCMS; SOILTeufel, B; Sushama, L; Arora, VK; Verseghy, DTeufel, Bernardo; Sushama, Laxmi; Arora, Vivek K.; Verseghy, DianaEnglishThe pan-Arctic land surface is undergoing rapid changes in a warming climate, with near-surface permafrost projected to degrade significantly during the twenty-first century. Vegetation-related feedbacks have the potential to influence the rate of degradation of permafrost. In this study, the impact of dynamic phenology on the pan-Arctic land surface state, particularly near-surface permafrost, for the 1961-2100 period, is assessed by comparing two simulations of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS)one with dynamic phenology, modelled using the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM), and the other with prescribed phenology. These simulations are forced by atmospheric data from a transient climate change simulation of the 5th generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). Comparison of the CLASS coupled to CTEM simulation to available observational estimates of plant area index, spatial distribution of permafrost and active layer thickness suggests that the model captures reasonably well the overall distribution of vegetation and permafrost. It is shown that the most important impact of dynamic phenology on the land surface occurs through albedo and it is demonstrated for the first time that vegetation control on albedo during late spring and early summer has the highest potential to impact the degradation of permafrost. While both simulations show extensive near-surface permafrost degradation by the end of the twenty-first century, the strong projected response of vegetation to climate warming and increasing CO2 concentrations in the coupled simulation results in accelerated permafrost degradation in the northernmost continuous permafrost regions.[Teufel, Bernardo; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Teufel, Bernardo; Sushama, Laxmi] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Arora, Vivek K.] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Verseghy, Diana] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Climate Proc Sect, Toronto, ON, CanadaMcGill University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change CanadaTeufel, B (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Teufel, B (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.teufelbernardo@gmail.comTeufel, Bernardo/0000-0003-1331-2030NSERC's (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) CCAR (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) ProgramNSERC's (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) CCAR (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) ProgramThis work was carried out within the framework of the Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes (CNRCWP) that is funded through NSERC's (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) CCAR (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) Program. The simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.4656<180 Day Usage Count>1038SPRINGERNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.JAN201952373388
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4142-2http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4142-216Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHO0UA2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004606192000220 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveMackenzie Delta, Mould Bay, Lac de GrasNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-2019
Improving permafrost physics in the coupled Canadian Land Surface Scheme (v.3.6.2) and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (v.2.1) (CLASS-CTEM)
ArticleGEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENTTHERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; UNFROZEN WATER; GROUND TEMPERATURES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; MACKENZIE DELTA; SNOW COVER; CLIMATE; REPRESENTATION; BOREAL; VARIABILITYMelton, JR; Verseghy, DL; Sospedra-Alfonso, R; Gruber, SMelton, Joe R.; Verseghy, Diana L.; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel; Gruber, StephanEnglishThe Canadian Land Surface Scheme and Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CLASS-CTEM) together form the land surface component of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM). Here, we investigate the impact of changes to CLASS-CTEM that are designed to improve the simulation of permafrost physics. Overall, 18 tests were performed, including changing the model configuration (number and depth of ground layers, different soil permeable depth datasets, adding a surface moss layer), and investigating alternative parameterizations of soil hydrology, soil thermal conductivity, and snow properties. To evaluate these changes, CLASS-CTEM outputs were compared to 1570 active layer thickness (ALT) measurements from 97 observation sites that are part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P), 105 106 monthly ground temperature observations from 132 GTN-P borehole sites, a blend of five observation-based snow water equivalent (SWE) datasets (Blended-5), remotely sensed albedo, and seasonal discharge for major rivers draining permafrost regions. From the tests performed, the final revised model configuration has more ground layers (increased from 3 to 20) extending to greater depth (from 4.1 to 61.4 m) and uses a new soil permeable depths dataset with a surface layer of moss added. The most beneficial change to the model parameterizations was incorporation of unfrozen water in frozen soils. These changes to CLASS-CTEM cause a small improvement in simulated SWE with little change in surface albedo but greatly improve the model performance at the GTN-P ALT and borehole sites. Compared to the GTN-P observations, the revised CLASS-CTEM ALTs have a weighted mean absolute error (wMAE) of 0.41-0.47m (depending on configuration), improved from > 2.5m for the original model, while the borehole sites see a consistent improvement in wMAE for most seasons and depths considered, with seasonal wMAE values for the shallow surface layers of the revised model simulation of at most 3.7 degrees C, which is 1.2 degrees C more than the wMAE of the screen-level air temperature used to drive the model as compared to site-level observations (2.5 degrees C). Subgrid heterogeneity estimates were derived from the standard deviation of ALT on the 1 km(2) measurement grids at the GTN-P ALT sites, the spread in wMAE in grid cells with multiple GTN-P ALT sites, as well as from 35 boreholes measured within a 1200 km2 region as part of the Slave Province Surficial Materials and Permafrost Study. Given the size of the model grid cells (approximately 2.8 degrees), subgrid heterogeneity makes it likely difficult to appreciably reduce the wMAE of ALT or borehole temperatures much further.[Melton, Joe R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Verseghy, Diana L.] Climate Res Div, Environm & Climate Change, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Gruber, Stephan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); Carleton UniversityMelton, JR (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada.joe.melton@canada.caMelton, Joe R./H-6803-2019; Gruber, Stephan/E-3884-2010Melton, Joe R./0000-0002-9414-064X; Sospedra-Alfonso, Reinel/0000-0002-4472-5607; Gruber, Stephan/0000-0002-1079-1542RuNoCORE [CPRU-2017/10015]; SAMCoT WP6; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRuNoCORE; SAMCoT WP6; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityWe thank the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost for generously sharing their data and for making them easily accessible online. We thank Vivek Arora for processing the CRUJRA55 meteorological data, Ed Chan for processing the MODIS data, and Christian Seiler and Paul Bartlett for providing comments on a pre-submission version of our manuscript. Sampling at the Khanovey site is supported by the RuNoCORE CPRU-2017/10015 https://www.siu.no/eng/content/view/full/81242 (last access: 8 April 2018); the SAMCoT WP6 https://www.ntnu.edu/web/samcot/home (last access: 26 September 2019) and Lomonosov Moscow State University, geology faculty, permafrost department.882121<180 Day Usage Count>119COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1991-959X1991-9603GEOSCI MODEL DEVGeosci. Model Dev.OCT 242019121044434467
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4443-201925Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyJH5TLGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004928315000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllBoreal region, peatlandsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0763-7
Increasing contribution of peatlands to boreal evapotranspiration in a warming climate
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGENET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-TABLE; CARBON LOSS; FOREST; FEEDBACKS; NORTHERN; MOISTURE; SOIL; TRANSPIRATIONHelbig, M; Waddington, JM; Alekseychik, P; Amiro, BD; Aurela, M; Barr, AG; Black, TA; Blanken, PD; Carey, SK; Chen, JQ; Chi, JS; Desai, AR; Dunn, A; Euskirchen, ES; Flanagan, LB; Forbrich, I; Friborg, T; Grelle, A; Harder, S; Heliasz, M; Humphreys, ER; Ikawa, H; Isabelle, PE; Iwata, H; Jassal, R; Korkiakoski, M; Kurbatova, J; Kutzbach, L; Lindroth, A; Lofvenius, MO; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Marsh, P; Maximov, T; Melton, JR; Moore, PA; Nadeau, DF; Nicholls, EM; Nilsson, MB; Ohta, T; Peichl, M; Petrone, RM; Petrov, R; Prokushkin, A; Quinton, WL; Reed, DE; Roulet, NT; Runkle, BRK; Sonnentag, O; Strachan, IB; Taillardat, P; Tuittila, ES; Tuovinen, JP; Turner, J; Ueyama, M; Varlagin, A; Wilmking, M; Wofsy, SC; Zyrianov, VHelbig, Manuel; Waddington, James Michael; Alekseychik, Pavel; Amiro, Brian D.; Aurela, Mika; Barr, Alan G.; Black, T. Andrew; Blanken, Peter D.; Carey, Sean K.; Chen, Jiquan; Chi, Jinshu; Desai, Ankur R.; Dunn, Allison; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Forbrich, Inke; Friborg, Thomas; Grelle, Achim; Harder, Silvie; Heliasz, Michal; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Ikawa, Hiroki; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Iwata, Hiroki; Jassal, Rachhpal; Korkiakoski, Mika; Kurbatova, Juliya; Kutzbach, Lars; Lindroth, Anders; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Marsh, Philip; Maximov, Trofim; Melton, Joe R.; Moore, Paul A.; Nadeau, Daniel F.; Nicholls, Erin M.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Ohta, Takeshi; Peichl, Matthias; Petrone, Richard M.; Petrov, Roman; Prokushkin, Anatoly; Quinton, William L.; Reed, David E.; Roulet, Nigel T.; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Strachan, Ian B.; Taillardat, Pierre; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka; Turner, Jessica; Ueyama, Masahito; Varlagin, Andrej; Wilmking, Martin; Wofsy, Steven C.; Zyrianov, VyacheslavEnglishClimate warming increases evapotranspiration (ET) more in boreal peatlands than in forests. Observations show that peatland ET can exceed forest ET by up to 30%, indicating a stronger warming response in peatlands. Earth system models do not fully account for peatlands and hence may underestimate future boreal ET. The response of evapotranspiration (ET) to warming is of critical importance to the water and carbon cycle of the boreal biome, a mosaic of land cover types dominated by forests and peatlands. The effect of warming-induced vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases on boreal ET remains poorly understood because peatlands are not specifically represented as plant functional types in Earth system models. Here we show that peatland ET increases more than forest ET with increasing VPD using observations from 95 eddy covariance tower sites. At high VPD of more than 2 kPa, peatland ET exceeds forest ET by up to 30%. Future (2091-2100) mid-growing season peatland ET is estimated to exceed forest ET by over 20% in about one-third of the boreal biome for RCP4.5 and about two-thirds for RCP8.5. Peatland-specific ET responses to VPD should therefore be included in Earth system models to avoid biases in water and carbon cycle projections.[Helbig, Manuel; Waddington, James Michael; Carey, Sean K.; Moore, Paul A.; Nicholls, Erin M.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Alekseychik, Pavel; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland; [Alekseychik, Pavel] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Helsinki, Finland; [Amiro, Brian D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Aurela, Mika; Korkiakoski, Mika; Lohila, Annalea; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Barr, Alan G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Barr, Alan G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Black, T. Andrew; Jassal, Rachhpal] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Blanken, Peter D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Chen, Jiquan; Reed, David E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Chi, Jinshu; Lofvenius, Mikaell Ottosson; Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Desai, Ankur R.; Turner, Jessica] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Dunn, Allison] Worcester State Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Phys, Worcester, MA USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Flanagan, Lawrence B.] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; [Forbrich, Inke] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Grelle, Achim] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden; [Harder, Silvie; Roulet, Nigel T.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Heliasz, Michal] Lund Univ, Ctr Environm & Climate Res, Lund, Sweden; [Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Ikawa, Hiroki] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Isabelle, Pierre-Erik; Nadeau, Daniel F.] Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Eaux, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Kurbatova, Juliya; Varlagin, Andrej] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia; [Kutzbach, Lars; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, Germany; [Lindroth, Anders] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Marsh, Philip; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Maximov, Trofim; Petrov, Roman] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Melton, Joe R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Ohta, Takeshi] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Bioagr Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; [Petrone, Richard M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Prokushkin, Anatoly; Zyrianov, Vyacheslav] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Strachan, Ian B.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Sainte Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada; [Taillardat, Pierre] Univ Quebec Montreal Geotop, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Wilmking, Martin] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany; [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, CanadaMcMaster University; University of Helsinki; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Manitoba; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of British Columbia; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Michigan State University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Massachusetts System of Public Higher Education; Worcester State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Lethbridge; Marine Biological Laboratory - Woods Hole; University of Copenhagen; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; McGill University; Lund University; Carleton University; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Laval University; Shinshu University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of Hamburg; Lund University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone; Russian Academy of Sciences; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Nagoya University; University of Waterloo; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal; McGill University; University of Eastern Finland; Osaka Metropolitan University; Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; Harvard University; Dalhousie UniversityHelbig, M (corresponding author), McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada.;Helbig, M (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.mhelbig85@gmail.comPetrov, Roman Egorovich/J-8965-2016; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka/AAZ-8587-2020; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Barr, Alan George/AAX-2129-2020; Lohila, Annalea/C-7307-2014; Chi, Jinshu/AAI-2059-2019; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Prokushkin, Anatoly S/U-1603-2017; Ueyama, Masahito/O-1294-2018; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Melton, Joe R./H-6803-2019; Runkle, B. R. K./ABG-5884-2021; Varlagin, Andrej/A-6568-2012; Wilmking, Martin/AAV-9310-2020; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021; Zyrianov, Viacheslav/AAP-2023-2020; Taillardat, Pierre/AAA-1128-2021; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik/AAT-3776-2021; Runkle, B. R. K./AAC-3404-2020; Aurela, Mika/L-4724-2014; Korkiakoski, Mika/AAN-3740-2021; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015Petrov, Roman Egorovich/0000-0002-6877-3902; Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka/0000-0001-7857-036X; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Lohila, Annalea/0000-0003-3541-672X; Chi, Jinshu/0000-0001-5688-8895; Prokushkin, Anatoly S/0000-0001-8721-2142; Ueyama, Masahito/0000-0002-4000-4888; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Melton, Joe R./0000-0002-9414-064X; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Varlagin, Andrej/0000-0002-2549-5236; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Zyrianov, Viacheslav/0000-0002-1748-4801; Isabelle, Pierre-Erik/0000-0002-2819-1377; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Aurela, Mika/0000-0002-4046-7225; Korkiakoski, Mika/0000-0001-6875-9978; Barr, Alan/0000-0003-2717-218X; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917; Nicholls, Erin/0000-0002-8102-7285; Waddington, James Michael/0000-0002-0317-7894; Forbrich, Inke/0000-0002-0632-7317; Juliya, Kurbatova/0000-0003-4452-7376; BLANKEN, PETER/0000-0002-7405-2220; Peichl, Matthias/0000-0002-9940-5846; Amiro, Brian/0000-0002-9969-0050; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Humphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Nadeau, Daniel/0000-0002-4006-2623; Chen, Jiquan/0000-0003-0761-9458Global Water Futures programme of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; ICOS-FINLAND [281255]; Finnish Center of Excellence [307331]; EU Horizon 2020 RINGO project [730944]; RFBR [18-05-60203-Arktika, 19-04-01234-a]; Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science [18-05-60203-Arktika]; US National Science foundation [DEB-1440297]; DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project; Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project; NASA Canada; NSERC Canada; BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD); Action Plan 2000; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Kempe Foundations [SMK-1743]; VR [2018-03966]; Formas [2016-01289]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2015.0047]; German Research Foundation [Wi 2680/2-1]; European Union [36993]; Cluster of Excellence `CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation [EXC177]; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant ProgramsGlobal Water Futures programme of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; ICOS-FINLAND; Finnish Center of Excellence; EU Horizon 2020 RINGO project; RFBR(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science; US National Science foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; CFCAS); Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; BIOCAP); Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS); NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project; NASA Canada; NSERC Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); BIOCAP Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Canadian Forest Service(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC); FLUXNET-Canada Network (Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS)); FLUXNET-Canada Network (BIOCAP Canada); Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS); Parks Canada; Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD)(Natural Resources Canada); Action Plan 2000; Swedish research infrastructure SITES Sweden; Swedish research infrastructure ICOS Sweden; Kempe Foundations; VR(Swedish Research Council); Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation); German Research Foundation(German Research Foundation (DFG)); European Union(European Commission); Cluster of Excellence `CliSAP' of the University of Hamburg - German Research Foundation; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant ProgramsThe research published in this paper is part of the project titled Boreal Water Futures, which is funded by the Global Water Futures programme of the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; additional information is available at www.globalwaterfutures.ca.We thank all the eddy covariance flux tower teams for sharing their data and we are grateful to the ESM groups for providing their model output through CMIP5. We thank the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for leading the CMIP. We acknowledge the research group that made the peatland map freely available and we thank E. Chan (ECCC) for processing the shapefile PEATMAP to a raster map. We are grateful to E. Sahlee and A. Rutgersson for providing lake eddy covariance data to an earlier version of the manuscript, T. Zivkovic and S. Davidson for insightful feedback, and M. Khomik, A. Green, E. Kessel, G. Drewitt, P. Kolari and M. Provenzale for helping with data preparation. I.M. acknowledges funding from ICOS-FINLAND (grant no. 281255), the Finnish Center of Excellence (grant no. 307331) and the EU Horizon 2020 RINGO project (grant no. 730944). A.P. acknowledges funding through the research project no. 18-05-60203-Arktika (RFBR and Government of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science) and support for flux tower sites RU-ZOP and RU-ZOB through the Max Planck Society. A.D. and J.T. acknowledge funding from US National Science foundation (grant no. DEB-1440297) and a DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award to the ChEAS core site cluster. T.A.B., A.G.B. and R.J. acknowledge support received through grants from the Fluxnet Canada ResearchNetwork (2002-2007; NSERC, CFCAS and BIOCAP) and the Canadian Carbon Program (2008-2012; CFCAS) and by an NSERC (Climate Change and Atmospheric Research) grant to the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN; 2012-2016) and an NSERC Discovery Grant. H. I. and M. U. acknowledge support by the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. J.K. and A.V. acknowledge funding from RFBR project no. 19-04-01234-a. B.A. acknowledges funding through NASA, NSERC, BIOCAP Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation for flux measurements at CA-MAN and through the Canadian Forest Service, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the FLUXNET-Canada Network (NSERC, the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and BIOCAP Canada), the Canadian Carbon Program (CFCAS), Parks Canada, the Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD), and Action Plan 2000 for flux measurements at CA-SF1, CA-SF2 and CA-SF3. M.B.N, M.O.L, M.P. and J.C. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Swedish research infrastructures SITES and ICOS Sweden and research grants from Kempe Foundations, (grant no. SMK-1743); VR (grant no. 2018-03966) and Formas, (grant no. 2016-01289) and M.P. gratefully acknowledges funding from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). M.W. and I.F. acknowledge funding by the German Research Foundation (grant no. Wi 2680/2-1) and the European Union (grant no. 36993). B.R. and L.K. acknowledge support by the Cluster of Excellence `CliSAP' (EXC177) of the University of Hamburg, funded by the German Research Foundation. O.S. acknowledges funding by the Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs. H.I.; acknowledges JAMSTEC and IARC/UAF collaboration study (JICS) and Arctic Challenge for Sustainability Project (ArCS).717274<180 Day Usage Count>1087NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.JUN2020106555+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0763-7http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0763-72020-05-01 00:00:0012Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesLW4CO2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0005317951000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, North SlaveHavikpak Creek, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16345
Mismatch of N release from the permafrost and vegetative uptake opens pathways of increasing nitrous oxide emissions in the high Arctic
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYcarbon; climate; high Arctic; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; permafrost; vegetationNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; LENA RIVER DELTA; ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-SURFACE; TUNDRA; SOIL; CO2; DIOXIDE; FLUXES; STOCKSLacroix, F; Zaehle, S; Caldararu, S; Schaller, J; Stimmler, P; Holl, D; Kutzbach, L; Gockede, MLacroix, Fabrice; Zaehle, Soenke; Caldararu, Silvia; Schaller, Joerg; Stimmler, Peter; Holl, David; Kutzbach, Lars; Goeckede, MathiasEnglishBiogeochemical cycling in permafrost-affected ecosystems remains associated with large uncertainties, which could impact the Earth's greenhouse gas budget and future climate policies. In particular, increased nutrient availability following permafrost thaw could perturb the greenhouse gas exchange in these systems, an effect largely unexplored until now. Here, we enhance the terrestrial ecosystem model QUINCY (QUantifying Interactions between terrestrial Nutrient CYcles and the climate system), which simulates fully coupled carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles in vegetation and soil, with processes relevant in high latitudes (e.g., soil freezing and snow dynamics). In combination with site-level and satellite-based observations, we use the model to investigate impacts of increased nutrient availability from permafrost thawing in comparison to other climate-induced effects and CO2 fertilization over 1960 to 2018 across the high Arctic. Our simulations show that enhanced availability of nutrients following permafrost thaw account for less than 15% of the total Gross primary productivity increase over the time period, despite simulated N limitation over the high Arctic scale. As an explanation for this weak fertilization effect, observational and model data indicate a mismatch between the timing of peak vegetative growth (week 26-27 of the year, corresponding to the beginning of July) and peak thaw depth (week 32-35, mid-to-late August), resulting in incomplete plant use of nutrients near the permafrost table. The resulting increasing N availability approaching the permafrost table enhances N loss pathways, which leads to rising nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in our model. Site-level emission trends of 2 mg N m(-2) year(-1) on average over the historical time period could therefore predict an emerging increasing source of N2O emissions following future permafrost thaw in the high Arctic.[Lacroix, Fabrice; Zaehle, Soenke; Caldararu, Silvia; Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Signals BSI, Jena, Germany; [Lacroix, Fabrice] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland; [Lacroix, Fabrice] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland; [Schaller, Joerg; Stimmler, Peter] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Muncheberg, Germany; [Holl, David; Kutzbach, Lars] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, Hamburg, GermanyMax Planck Society; University of Bern; University of Bern; Leibniz Zentrum fur Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF); University of HamburgLacroix, F (corresponding author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Biogeochem Signals BSI, Jena, Germany.flacio@bgc-jena.mpg.deGoeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Schaller, Jörg/E-2092-2013; Zaehle, Sönke/C-9528-2017; Caldararu, Silvia/AAC-5603-2019; Holl, David/D-9624-2018Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Schaller, Jörg/0000-0003-1996-0127; Zaehle, Sönke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Caldararu, Silvia/0000-0001-5839-6480; Stimmler, Peter/0000-0002-8599-5486; Lacroix, Fabrice/0000-0003-4749-2826; Holl, David/0000-0002-9269-7030Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [390683824, GO1380/3-1, SCHA1322/12-1]; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [101003536, 647204, 951288]; Max-Planck-GesellschaftDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(German Research Foundation (DFG)); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft(Max Planck Society)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: 390683824, GO1380/3--1 and SCHA1322/12--1; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Grant/Award Number: 101003536, 647204 and 951288; Max--Planck-Gesellschaft8311<180 Day Usage Count>3653WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.OCT2022282059735990
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16345http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.163452022-08-01 00:00:0018Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology4M7RE358524432023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0008360527000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca701
Mobilization of subsurface carbon pools driven by permafrost thaw and reactivation of groundwater flow: a virtual experiment
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSpermafrost thaw; permafrost carbon; carbon transport; cryohydrogeology; numerical modelDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; TRANSPORT; MATTER; WATER; TEMPERATURE; SORPTION; BALANCE; SOILSMohammed, AA; Guimond, JA; Bense, VF; Jamieson, RC; McKenzie, JM; Kurylyk, BLMohammed, Aaron A.; Guimond, Julia A.; Bense, Victor F.; Jamieson, Rob C.; McKenzie, Jeffrey M.; Kurylyk, Barret L.EnglishPermafrost thaw leads to an increase in groundwater circulation and potential mobilization of organic carbon sequestered in deep Arctic sediments (e.g. 3-25 m below surface). Upon thaw, a portion of this carbon may be transported along new groundwater flow paths to surface waters or be microbially transformed or immobilized by in-situ biogeochemical reactions. The fate of thaw-mobilized carbon impacts surface water productivity and global climate. We developed a numerical model to investigate the effects of subsurface warming, permafrost thaw, and resultant increased groundwater flow on the mobilization and reactive transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Synthetic simulations demonstrate that mobilization and groundwater-borne DOC export are determined by subsurface thermo-chemical conditions that control the interplay of DOC production (organic matter degradation), mineralization, and sorption. Results suggest that peak carbon mobilization from these depths precedes complete permafrost loss, occurring within two centuries of thaw initiation with the development of supra-permafrost groundwater flow systems. Additionally, this study highlights the lack of field data needed to constrain these new models and apply them in real-word site-specific applications, specifically the amount and spatial variability of organic carbon in deep sediments and data to constrain DOC production rates for groundwater systems in degrading permafrost. Modeling results point to key biogeochemical parameters related to organic matter and carbon bioavailability to be measured in the field to bridge the gap between models and observations. This study provides a foundation for further developing a physics-based modeling framework to incorporate the influence of groundwater flow and permafrost thaw on permafrost DOC dynamics and export, which is imperative for advancing understanding and prediction of carbon release and terrestrial-aquatic carbon exchange in warming Artic landscapes in the coming decades.[Mohammed, Aaron A.; McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Mohammed, Aaron A.; Guimond, Julia A.; Jamieson, Rob C.; Kurylyk, Barret L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Mohammed, Aaron A.; Guimond, Julia A.; Jamieson, Rob C.; Kurylyk, Barret L.] Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Water Resources Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Bense, Victor F.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Mohammed, Aaron A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 13244 USAMcGill University; Dalhousie University; Dalhousie University; Wageningen University & Research; Syracuse UniversityMohammed, AA (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.;Mohammed, AA (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS, Canada.;Mohammed, AA (corresponding author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 13244 USA.aaron.mohammed@mcgill.caKurylyk, Barret/0000-0002-8244-3838; Bense, Victor/0000-0002-3675-5232; McKenzie, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0469-6469Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada First Research Excellence FundOcean Frontier Institute; Canada First Research Excellence FundThis research was conducted while AAM held a postdoctoral fellowship through the Ocean Frontier Institute, an award from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund.8000<180 Day Usage Count>1010IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.DEC 120221712
124036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca701http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca70112Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences6Z5JIgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0008978124000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112538
Near-daily monitoring of surface temperature and channel width of the six largest Arctic rivers from space using GCOM-C/SGLI
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTRiver surface temperature; Channel width; Discharge; Arctic; GCOM-C; SGLI; Thermal infraredFRESH-WATER; LENA RIVER; DISCHARGE; MACKENZIE; EVOLUTION; BASIN; ICEHori, MHori, MasahiroEnglishSpatio-temporal changes in water temperature and discharge of the Arctic rivers are important variables to be observed not only for estimating runoff contributions from snow melt, rainfall, and thawing of permafrost over the continents but also for assessing their impacts on the Arctic sea-ice and marine ecosystem. Nevertheless, the number of ground water gauging stations and the frequency of in-situ measurements for temperature and discharge has been decreasing since the 20 Century due to the shrinkage of budgets for maintaining the in-situ stations. In this study, we explored the possibility to perform near-daily monitoring of river surface temperature (RST) and river channel width (RCW) from space using a Japanese satellite-borne optical sensor named SGLI which can observe radiances at the spectral bands from near-ultraviolet to thermal infrared regions at the same spatial resolution of 250-m on a global scale. River surface brightness temperature (RSBT) measured with SGLI TIR band was used as RST without atmospheric correction. RCW was derived as the widths of water pixels identified along river channels using SGLI reflectances at visible to shortwave infrared bands. Analysis results of two-year SGLI data acquired in 2018 and 2019 show that RSBT and RCW can be retrieved successfully from the SGLI observations on a daily basis after applying a spatio-temporal interpolation. The accuracies of the retrieved RSBT evaluated with in-situ water temperatures are about 2.57 K with the interpolation (and 1.84 K without the interpolation but with lower observation frequencies). Retrieved RCWs are correlated well with in-situ river water discharges indicating potentials to assess variations of not only snow melt water but also precipitation within the river basin. Thus, SGLI data can be used to reconstruct not only the river water temperature but also the river water discharges along the continental river channels for assessing heat flux flowing into the Arctic Ocean.[Hori, Masahiro] Univ Toyama, Sch Sustainable Design, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Toyama 9308555, JapanUniversity of ToyamaHori, M (corresponding author), Univ Toyama, Sch Sustainable Design, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Toyama 9308555, Japan.mhori@sus.u-toyama.ac.jp, Masahiro/0000-0002-9729-7909Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) - Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology; JSPS KAKENHI [JP21K12207]; JAXA GCOM-C projectArctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) - Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology; JSPS KAKENHI(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); JAXA GCOM-C projectThis study was partly supported by 1) the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) research project funded by the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology (Theme 6: Response and biodiversity status of the Arctic ecosystems under environmental change led by Toru Hirawake), 2) JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K12207, and 3) the JAXA GCOM-C project. The JASMES snow cover extent data were provided by the Earth Observation Research Center of JAXA. The MODIS data were acquired as part of NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and were archived and distributed by the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS). The JPSS NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data were obtained from the Comprehensive Large-Array Stewardship System (CLASS) operate by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The authors gratefully acknowledge the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and European Space Agency (ESA) for providing the Sentinel-2 image. Comments and constructive suggestions from anonymous reviewers also greatly contributed to the improvement of this paper.6322<180 Day Usage Count>39ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.SEP 152021263
112538
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112538http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.1125382021-06-01 00:00:0022Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyWA3HO2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007027804000030 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveLanding Lake, Baker CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6345-2017
Parameter sensitivity analysis of a 1-D cold region lake model for land-surface schemes
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESGLOBAL SENSITIVITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE MODELS; WATER-QUALITY; GREAT-LAKES; UNCERTAINTY; ATMOSPHERE; HEATGuerrero, JL; Pernica, P; Wheater, H; Mackay, M; Spence, CGuerrero, Jose-Luis; Pernica, Patricia; Wheater, Howard; Mackay, Murray; Spence, ChrisEnglishLakes might be sentinels of climate change, but the uncertainty in their main feedback to the atmosphere heat- exchange fluxes - is often not considered within climate models. Additionally, these fluxes are seldom measured, hindering critical evaluation of model output. Analysis of the Canadian Small Lake Model (CSLM), a one-dimensional integral lake model, was performed to assess its ability to reproduce diurnal and seasonal variations in heat fluxes and the sensitivity of simulated fluxes to changes in model parameters, i.e., turbulent transport parameters and the light extinction coefficient (K-d). A C++ open-source software package, Problem Solving environment for Uncertainty Analysis and Design Exploration (PSUADE), was used to perform sensitivity analysis (SA) and identify the parameters that dominate model behavior. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) was applied to quantify the fluxes' uncertainty, comparing daily-averaged eddy-covariance observations to the output of CSLM. Seven qualitative and two quantitative SA methods were tested, and the posterior likelihoods of the modeled parameters, obtained from the GLUE analysis, were used to determine the dominant parameters and the uncertainty in the modeled fluxes. Despite the ubiquity of the equifinality issue - different parameter-value combinations yielding equivalent results-the answer to the question was unequivocal: K-d, a measure of how much light penetrates the lake, dominates sensible and latent heat fluxes, and the uncertainty in their estimates is strongly related to the accuracy with which K-d is determined. This is important since accurate and continuous measurements of K-d could reduce modeling uncertainty.[Guerrero, Jose-Luis; Pernica, Patricia; Wheater, Howard] Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Global Inst Water Secur, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Guerrero, Jose-Luis] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; [Mackay, Murray] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin Str, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada; [Spence, Chris] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change CanadaGuerrero, JL (corresponding author), Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Global Inst Water Secur, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.;Guerrero, JL (corresponding author), Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.jlg@niva.noCanada Excellence Research Chair in Water Security; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council's Changing Cold Regions Network; Nordforsk Nordic eScience Globalisation Initiative (NeGI) project [74306]Canada Excellence Research Chair in Water Security; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council's Changing Cold Regions Network; Nordforsk Nordic eScience Globalisation Initiative (NeGI) projectFinancial support from the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Water Security and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council's Changing Cold Regions Network is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge support from Nordforsk Nordic eScience Globalisation Initiative (NeGI) project 74306 An open-access generic e-platform for environmental model-building at the river-basin scale.11533<180 Day Usage Count>112COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.DEC 142017211263456362
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6345-2017http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6345-201718Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesFP9BXGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004179436000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-445-2020
Soil moisture and hydrology projections of the permafrost region a model intercomparison
ArticleCRYOSPHEREICE-WEDGE DEGRADATION; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; THERMAL DYNAMICS; POLYGONAL TUNDRA; FROZEN SOIL; CARBON; WATER; CO2; FLUXES; SYSTEMAndresen, CG; Lawrence, D; Wilson, CJ; McGuire, AD; Koven, C; Schaefer, K; Jafarov, E; Peng, SS; Chen, XD; Gouttevin, I; Burke, EJ; Chadburn, S; Ji, DY; Chen, GS; Hayes, D; Zhang, WXAndresen, Christian G.; Lawrence, David; Wilson, Cathy J.; McGuire, A. David; Koven, Charles; Schaefer, Kevin; Jafarov, Elchin; Peng, Shushi; Chen, Xiaodong; Gouttevin, Isabelle; Burke, Eleanor J.; Chadburn, Sarah; Ji, Duoying; Chen, Guangsheng; Hayes, Daniel; Zhang, WenxinEnglishThis study investigates and compares soil moisture and hydrology projections of broadly used land models with permafrost processes and highlights the causes and impacts of permafrost zone soil moisture projections. Climate models project warmer temperatures and increases in precipitation (P) which will intensify evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff in land models. However, this study shows that most models project a long-term drying of the surface soil (0-20 cm) for the permafrost region despite increases in the net air-surface water flux (P-ET). Drying is generally explained by infiltration of moisture to deeper soil layers as the active layer deepens or permafrost thaws completely. Although most models agree on drying, the projections vary strongly in magnitude and spatial pattern. Land models tend to agree with decadal runoff trends but underestimate runoff volume when compared to gauge data across the major Arctic river basins, potentially indicating model structural limitations. Coordinated efforts to address the ongoing challenges presented in this study will help reduce uncertainty in our capability to predict the future Arctic hydrological state and associated land-atmosphere biogeochemical processes across spatial and temporal scales.[Andresen, Christian G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Andresen, Christian G.; Wilson, Cathy J.; Jafarov, Elchin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; [Lawrence, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Koven, Charles] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA; [Schaefer, Kevin; Jafarov, Elchin] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Peng, Shushi] Univ Grenoble Alps, LGGE, Grenoble, France; [Peng, Shushi] CNRS, Grenoble, France; [Chen, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Gouttevin, Isabelle] IRSTEA HHLY, Lyon, France; [Gouttevin, Isabelle] IRSTEA ETNA, Grenoble, France; [Burke, Eleanor J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England; [Chadburn, Sarah] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Ji, Duoying] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Chen, Guangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Hayes, Daniel] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA; [Zhang, Wenxin] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Zhang, Wenxin] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Peng, Shushi] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; [Chen, Xiaodong] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USAUniversity of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; INRAE; INRAE; Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Leeds; Beijing Normal University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Lund University; University of Copenhagen; Peking University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryAndresen, CG (corresponding author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.;Andresen, CG (corresponding author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.candresen@wisc.eduChen, Guangsheng/AAC-4462-2022; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Lawrence, David M/C-4026-2011; Chen, Xiaodong/F-8137-2018; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; PENG, Shushi/AAS-2603-2020; Ji, Duoying/AAF-9425-2021; , Eleanor/AAK-2698-2020; JAFAROV, ELCHIN/G-1616-2016Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Lawrence, David M/0000-0002-2968-3023; Chen, Xiaodong/0000-0002-3089-2260; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; PENG, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; Hayes, Daniel/0000-0002-3011-7934; Chadburn, Sarah/0000-0003-1320-315X; Andresen, Christian/0000-0001-6681-1867; Zhang, Wenxin/0000-0001-9477-563X; JAFAROV, ELCHIN/0000-0002-8310-3261Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [ERKP757]Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE))This research has been supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. ERKP757).765152<180 Day Usage Count>543COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereFEB 52020142445459
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-445-2020http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-445-202015Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyKK8QLGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005130008000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaInuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements
ArticleATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICSAIR-POLLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; GEOS-CHEM; AEROSOL; MODEL; SNOW; BUDGETXu, JW; Martin, RV; Morrow, A; Sharma, S; Huang, L; Leaitch, WR; Burkart, J; Schulz, H; Zanatta, M; Willis, MD; Henze, DK; Lee, CJ; Herber, AB; Abbatt, JPDXu, Jun-Wei; Martin, Randall V.; Morrow, Andrew; Sharma, Sangeeta; Huang, Lin; Leaitch, W. Richard; Burkart, Julia; Schulz, Hannes; Zanatta, Marco; Willis, Megan D.; Henze, Daven K.; Lee, Colin J.; Herber, Andreas B.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.EnglishBlack carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming, yet sources of Arctic BC and their geographic contributions remain uncertain. We interpret a series of recent airborne (NETCARE 2015; PAMARCMiP 2009 and 2011 campaigns) and ground-based measurements (at Alert, Barrow and Ny-angstrom lesund) from multiple methods (thermal, laser incandescence and light absorption) with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint to attribute the sources of Arctic BC. This is the first comparison with a chemical transport model of refractory BC (rBC) measurements at Alert. The springtime airborne measurements performed by the NETCARE campaign in 2015 and the PAMARCMiP campaigns in 2009 and 2011 offer BC vertical profiles extending to above 6?km across the Arctic and include profiles above Arctic ground monitoring stations. Our simulations with the addition of seasonally varying domestic heating and of gas flaring emissions are consistent with ground-based measurements of BC concentrations at Alert and Barrow in winter and spring (rRMSE < 13 %) and with airborne measurements of the BC vertical profile across the Arctic (rRMSE = 17 %) except for an underestimation in the middle troposphere (500-700 hPa). Sensitivity simulations suggest that anthropogenic emissions in eastern and southern Asia have the largest effect on the Arctic BC column burden both in spring (56 %) and annually (37 %), with the largest contribution in the middle troposphere (400-700 hPa). Anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia contribute considerable BC (27 % in spring and 43 % annually) to the lower troposphere (below 900 hPa). Biomass burning contributes 20 % to the Arctic BC column annually. At the Arctic surface, anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia (40-45 %) and eastern and southern Asia (20-40 %) are the largest BC contributors in winter and spring, followed by Europe (16-36 %). Biomass burning from North America is the most important contributor to all stations in summer, especially at Barrow. Our adjoint simulations indicate pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the contribution of emissions to the Arctic BC column concentrations, with noteworthy contributions from emissions in eastern China (15 %) and western Siberia (6.5 %). Although uncertain, gas flaring emissions from oilfields in western Siberia could have a striking impact (13 %) on Arctic BC loadings in January, comparable to the total influence of continental Europe and North America (6.5 % each in January). Emissions from as far as the Indo-Gangetic Plain could have a substantial influence (6.3 % annually) on Arctic BC as well.[Xu, Jun-Wei; Martin, Randall V.; Morrow, Andrew; Lee, Colin J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Sharma, Sangeeta; Huang, Lin; Leaitch, W. Richard] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Burkart, Julia; Willis, Megan D.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Schulz, Hannes; Zanatta, Marco; Herber, Andreas B.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Henze, Daven K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USADalhousie University; Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Smithsonian Institution; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderXu, JW (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.junwei.xu@dal.caMartin, Randall V/C-1205-2014; Willis, Megan/W-6956-2019Martin, Randall V/0000-0003-2632-8402; Willis, Megan/0000-0003-0386-0156; Xu, Jun-Wei/0000-0002-2367-242X; Burkart, Julia/0000-0002-4031-3269; Abbatt, Jonathan/0000-0002-3372-334XClimate Change and Atmospheric Research Program at NSERC CanadaClimate Change and Atmospheric Research Program at NSERC CanadaThe authors acknowledge the financial support provided for NETCARE through the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program at NSERC Canada. We also acknowledge the World Data Centre for Aerosol, in which BC measurements from Arctic stations are hosted (http://ebas.nilu.no). We thank all operators at Barrow and Ny-Alesund stations for maintaining and providing ground-based BC measurements. We also thank the developers of the HTAP and ECLIPSE emission inventories.844647<180 Day Usage Count>137COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1680-73161680-7324ATMOS CHEM PHYSAtmos. Chem. Phys.OCT 10201717191197111989
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-201719Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesFJ3RDGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-13WOS:0004126485000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Banks IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122747
Accuracy, Efficiency, and Transferability of a Deep Learning Model for Mapping Retrogressive Thaw Slumps across the Canadian Arctic
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGDeepLab; domain adaptation; generative adversarial network; permafrost; thermokarstNORTHWESTERN ALASKA; PERMAFROST; THERMOKARST; PLATEAU; EVOLUTION; NWTHuang, LC; Lantz, TC; Fraser, RH; Tiampo, KF; Willis, MJ; Schaefer, KHuang, Lingcao; Lantz, Trevor C.; Fraser, Robert H.; Tiampo, Kristy F.; Willis, Michael J.; Schaefer, KevinEnglishDeep learning has been used for mapping retrogressive thaw slumps and other periglacial landforms but its application is still limited to local study areas. To understand the accuracy, efficiency, and transferability of a deep learning model (i.e., DeepLabv3+) when applied to large areas or multiple regions, we conducted several experiments using training data from three different regions across the Canadian Arctic. To overcome the main challenge of transferability, we used a generative adversarial network (GAN) called CycleGAN to produce new training data in an attempt to improve transferability. The results show that (1) data augmentation can improve the accuracy of the deep learning model but does not guarantee transferability, (2) it is necessary to choose a good combination of hyper-parameters (e.g., backbones and learning rate) to achieve an optimal trade-off between accuracy and efficiency, and (3) a GAN can significantly improve the transferability if the variation between source and target is dominated by color or general texture. Our results suggest that future mapping of retrogressive thaw slumps should prioritize the collection of training data from regions where a GAN cannot improve the transferability.[Huang, Lingcao] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Sci & Observat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada; [Tiampo, Kristy F.; Willis, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci & Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USAUniversity of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Victoria; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderHuang, LC (corresponding author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Sci & Observat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.lingcao.huang@colorado.edu; tlantz@uvic.ca; robert.fraser@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca; kristy.tiampo@colorado.edu; mike.willis@colorado.edu; kevin.schaefer@colorado.eduWillis, Michael/HNR-6993-2023; Tiampo, Kristy/I-1355-2015Huang, Lingcao/0000-0003-3072-7334; Tiampo, Kristy/0000-0002-5500-7600CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NOAA Cooperative Agreement; CIRES [NA17OAR4320101]; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN 06210-2018]; NASA [NNX17AC59A]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PermafrostNet)CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; NOAA Cooperative Agreement(National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA); CIRES; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PermafrostNet)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Lingcao Huang was supported by the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program and the NOAA Cooperative Agreement with CIRES, NA17OAR4320101. Financial support was also provided by the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (PermafrostNet and RGPIN 06210-2018: T.C.L.), and NASA Grant (NNX17AC59A: K.S.).6311<180 Day Usage Count>1113MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.JUN20221412
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122747http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1412274720Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology2N5WBGreen Published, gold2023-03-08WOS:0008184477000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085707
Airborne Mapping Reveals Emergent Power Law of Arctic Methane Emissions
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSCARBON-DIOXIDE; PERMAFROST CARBON; RESOLUTION APPLICATION; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; BOREAL LAKES; WATER-TABLE; FLUXES; RETRIEVALS; COMPONENTS; VEGETATIONElder, CD; Thompson, DR; Thorpe, AK; Hanke, P; Anthony, KMW; Miller, CEElder, Clayton D.; Thompson, David R.; Thorpe, Andrew K.; Hanke, Philip; Anthony, Katey M. Walter; Miller, Charles E.EnglishMethane (CH4) emissions from thawing permafrost amplify a climate warming feedback. However, upscaling of site-level CH4 observations across diverse Arctic landscapes remains highly uncertain, compromising accuracy of current pan-Arctic CH4 budgets and confidence in model forecasts. We report a 30,000-km(2) survey at 25-m(2) resolution (similar to 1 billion observations) of CH4 hotspot patterns across Alaska and northwestern Canada using airborne imaging spectroscopy. Hotspots covered 0.2% of the surveyed area, concentrated in the wetland-upland ecotone, and followed a two-component power law as a function of distance from standing water. Hotspots decreased sharply over the first 40 m from standing water (y = 0.21 x(-0.649), R-2 = 0.97), mirroring in situ flux observations. Beyond 40 m, CH4 hotspots diminished gradually over hundreds of meters (y = 0.004 x(-0.164), R-2 = 0.99). This emergent property quantifies the distribution of strong methanogenic zones from site to regional scales, vastly improving metrics for scaling ground-based CH4 inventories and validation of land models.[Elder, Clayton D.; Thompson, David R.; Thorpe, Andrew K.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; [Hanke, Philip; Anthony, Katey M. Walter] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USACalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksElder, CD (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.clayton.d.elder@jpl.nasa.govThompson, David R./0000-0003-1100-7550592828<180 Day Usage Count>216AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.FEB 162020473
e2019GL085707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085707http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL08570710Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyLH9MN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0005291074000580 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaInuvialuit Settlement Region communitiesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10347-1
An integrative climate change vulnerability index for Arctic aviation and marine transportation
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSCHANGE ADAPTATION; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY; NUNAVUT; INUIT; ICE; COMMUNITIES; INDICATORS; CANADA; FUTURE; LANDDebortoli, NS; Clark, DG; Ford, JD; Sayles, JS; Diaconescu, EPDebortoli, Nathan S.; Clark, Dylan G.; Ford, James D.; Sayles, Jesse S.; Diaconescu, Emilia P.EnglishClimate change vulnerability research methods are often divergent, drawing from siloed biophysical risk approaches or social-contextual frameworks, lacking methods for integrative approaches. This substantial gap has been noted by scientists, policymakers and communities, inhibiting decision-makers' capacity to implement adaptation policies responsive to both physical risks and social sensitivities. Aiming to contribute to the growing literature on integrated vulnerability approaches, we conceptualize and translate new integrative theoretical insights of vulnerability research to a scalable quantitative method. Piloted through a climate change vulnerability index for aviation and marine sectors in the Canadian Arctic, this study demonstrates an avenue of applying vulnerability concepts to assess both biophysical and social components analyzing future changes with linked RCP climate projections. The iterative process we outline is transferable and adaptable across the circumpolar north, as well as other global regions and shows that transportation vulnerability varies across Inuit regions depending on modeled hazards and transportation infrastructures.[Debortoli, Nathan S.; Clark, Dylan G.; Ford, James D.; Sayles, Jesse S.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada; [Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Diaconescu, Emilia P.] Ouranos Inc, Consortium Climatol Reg & Adaptat Changements Cli, 550 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, CanadaMcGill University; University of Leeds; Ouranos ConsortiumDebortoli, NS (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada.nathandebortoli@gmail.comDebortoli, Nathan S./F-2591-2016; Ford, James/A-4284-2013Debortoli, Nathan S./0000-0002-2467-243X; Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Clark, Dylan/0000-0002-3676-6150Transport Canada's Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative; ArcticNet; Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR)Transport Canada's Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative; ArcticNet; Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR)(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR))We would like to thank the funding support from Transport Canada's Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative, ArcticNet, and the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR). We are also very grateful for the input from community members across Inuit Nunangat, policymakers, and stakeholders which participated in the interviews and shared their knowledge to improve this research project. We also thank Ouranos-Innovation Cluster on Regional Climatology for providing climate data, and for CAMARINHA, P.I.M. from the Minister of Science and Technology of Brazil which shared his knowledge and experience developing vulnerability indices, as well as CLARK, A. for his work as a research assistant.731919<180 Day Usage Count>531NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.JUN 13201910
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10347-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10347-115Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other TopicsIC8JT31197167Green Published, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004712266000160 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132533
Arctic-Boreal Lake Phenology Shows a Relationship between Earlier Lake Ice-Out and Later Green-Up
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGarctic; boreal; lake; phenology; PlanetScope; Sentinel-2CHLOROPHYLL-A; BREAK-UP; CLIMATE; PHYTOPLANKTON; VEGETATION; RETRIEVAL; PATTERNS; LANDSAT; ALASKA; TUNDRAKuhn, C; John, A; Lambers, JHR; Butman, D; Tan, ADKuhn, Catherine; John, Aji; Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke; Butman, David; Tan, AmandaEnglishSatellite remote sensing has transformed our understanding of Earth processes. One component of the Earth system where large uncertainties remain are Arctic and boreal freshwater lakes. With only short periods of open water due to annual ice cover, lake productivity in these regions is extremely sensitive to warming induced changes in ice cover. At the same time, productivity dynamics in these lakes vary enormously, even over short distances, making it difficult to understand these potential changes. A major impediment to an improved understanding of lake dynamics has been sparsely distributed field measurements, in large part due to the complexity and expense of conducting scientific research in remote northern latitudes. This project overcomes that hurdle by using a new set of 'eyes in the sky', the Planet Labs CubeSat fleet, to observe 35 lakes across 3 different arctic-boreal ecoregions in western North America. We extract time series of lake reflectance to identify ice-out and green-up across three years (2017-2019). We find that lakes with later ice-out have significantly faster green-ups. Our results also show ice-out varies latitudinally by 38 days from south to north, but only varies across years by similar to 9 days. In contrast, green-up varied between years by 22 days in addition to showing significant spatial variability. We compare PlanetScope to Sentinel-2 data and independently validate our ice-out estimates, finding an ice-out mean absolute difference (MAD) similar to 9 days. This study demonstrates the potential of using CubeSat imagery to monitor the timing and magnitude of ice-off and green-up at high spatiotemporal resolution.[Kuhn, Catherine; Butman, David] Univ Washington, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [John, Aji] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Tan, Amanda] Univ Washington, eSci Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USAUniversity of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Washington; University of Washington SeattleKuhn, C (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.ckuhn@uw.edu; ajijohn@uw.edu; jannekeh@ethz.ch; dbutman@uw.edu; amandach@uw.eduHilleRisLambers, Janneke/0000-0001-5523-0354; Butman, David/0000-0003-3520-7426; Aji John, Pushpam/0000-0002-4401-1401NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF); NASA-ABoVE Project [14-14TE-0012, NNH16AC03I, NNX15AU14A]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Carbon Program; University of Washington eScience InstituteNASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF); NASA-ABoVE Project; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Carbon Program; University of Washington eScience InstituteThis research was supported by a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) awarded to CDK. Data collection was also supported by NASA-ABoVE Project 14-14TE-0012 (awards NNH16AC03I and NNX15AU14A) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Land Carbon Program. This work was also supported by the University ofWashington eScience Institute.7911<180 Day Usage Count>615MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.JUL20211313
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132533http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1313253315Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyTG0YLgold, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006711387000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Peel Plateau, Banks IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022
Assessing volumetric change distributions and scaling relations of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Arctic
ArticleCRYOSPHERETANDEM-X; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; YUKON-TERRITORY; HERSCHEL ISLAND; BANKS-ISLAND; ICE; RESOLUTION; PLATEAU; EROSION; ORIGINBernhard, P; Zwieback, S; Bergner, N; Hajnsek, IBernhard, Philipp; Zwieback, Simon; Bergner, Nora; Hajnsek, IrenaEnglishArctic ice-rich permafrost is becoming increasingly vulnerable to terrain-altering thermokarst, and among the most rapid and dramatic of these changes are retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs). They initiate when ice-rich soils are exposed and thaw, leading to the formation of a steep headwall which retreats during the summer months. The impacts and the distribution and scaling laws governing RTS changes within and between regions are unknown. Using TanDEM-X-derived digital elevation models, we estimated RTS volume and area changes over a 5-year time period from winter 2011/12 to winter 2016/17 and used for the first time probability density functions to describe their distributions. We found that over this time period all 1853 RTSs mobilized a combined volume of 17 x 10(6) m(3) yr(-1), corresponding to a volumetric change density of 77 m(3) yr(-1) km(-2). Our remote sensing data reveal inter-regional differences in mobilized volumes, scaling laws, and terrain controls. The distributions of RTS area and volumetric change rates follow an inverse gamma function with a distinct peak and an exponential decrease for the largest RTSs. We found that the distributions in the high Arctic are shifted towards larger values than at other study sites We observed that the area-to-volume scaling was well described by a power law with an exponent of 1.15 across all study sites; however the individual sites had scaling exponents ranging from 1.05 to 1.37, indicating that regional characteristics need to be taken into account when estimating RTS volumetric changes from area changes. Among the terrain controls on RTS distributions that we examined, which included slope, adjacency to waterbodies, and aspect, the latter showed the greatest but regionally variable association with RTS occurrence. Accounting for the observed regional differences in volumetric change distributions, scaling relations, and terrain controls may enhance the modelling and monitoring of Arctic carbon, nutrient, and sediment cycles.[Bernhard, Philipp; Bergner, Nora; Hajnsek, Irena] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; [Zwieback, Simon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Hajnsek, Irena] German Aerosp Ctr DLR eV, Microwaves & Radar Inst, D-82234 Wessling, GermanySwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR)Bernhard, P (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.bernhard@ifu.baug.ethz.chBernhard, Philipp/0000-0003-3243-667X; Hajnsek, Irena/0000-0002-0926-32836666<180 Day Usage Count>410COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereJAN 32022161115
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-202215Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyYB6LRgold, Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0007391219000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North Slave, South SlaveTuktoyaktuk, Aulavik National Park, Yellowknife, Behchoko, southeastern portion of territoryNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111694
Assessment of Landsat-based terricolous macrolichen cover retrieval and change analysis over caribou ranges in northern Canada and Alaska
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTMachine learning; Lichen; Landsat; North; Canada; AlaskaREFLECTANCE SPECTRA; LICHEN ABUNDANCE; VEGETATION; TUNDRA; HABITAT; SELECTION; RECOVERY; FOREST; FIRESKennedy, B; Pouliot, D; Manseau, M; Fraser, R; Duffe, J; Pasher, J; Chen, WJ; Olthof, IKennedy, Blair; Pouliot, Darren; Manseau, Micheline; Fraser, Robert; Duffe, Jason; Pasher, Jon; Chen, Wenjun; Olthof, IanEnglishTerricolous macrolichens are an important food source for caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and can greatly influence their movement, distribution and demography over time. Mapping the spatial distribution and cover of macrolichens with remote sensing can serve as an important approach for assessing the impact of disturbances (e.g. fire, grazing, trampling) on lichen cover at the landscape scale and for monitoring post-disturbance rates of recovery. Previous remote sensing-based efforts to retrieve the distribution and abundance of lichen have been restricted to particular regions and thus are not indicative of the potential for large extent mapping and monitoring. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of machine learning methods for retrieving lichen cover and change across different regions in northern Canada and Alaska using Landsat-5 images, topographic and climate data. Global and regional-scale models were evaluated to assess whether regionally specific analyses would improve performance. Of the models tested, the deep neural network was the most accurate for predicting lichen cover (model efficiency (ME) = 0.58, mean absolute error (MAE) < 7%). For the regional analysis, the performance was the best in north-central Canada (ME = 0.56, MAE = 8%) and the worst in north-eastern Canada (ME = 0.22, MAE < 4%) due to lower lichen cover, more exposed ground, and reduced sample quality and distribution. Analysis of trend-based change detection from 1984 to 2011 in the three regional test areas showed the expected directional response with declining lichen cover in north-western Canada in response to climate-induced shrub expansion, slow recovery to wildfire in north-central Canada, and declining lichen cover in north-eastern Canada related to caribou foraging/trampling and shrub expansion.[Kennedy, Blair; Pouliot, Darren; Manseau, Micheline; Duffe, Jason; Pasher, Jon] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Fraser, Robert; Chen, Wenjun; Olthof, Ian] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Kennedy, B (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.blair.kennedy3@canada.caCanadian Space AgencyCanadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency)This research was supported through a Canadian Space Agency grant for the project Integrated Earth Observation Monitoring for Essential Ecosystem Information: Resilience to Ecosystem Stress and Climate Change. The authors also wish to acknowledge the organizations and individuals that provided data to support this research. Finally, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their in depth and insightful comments on this research.791111<180 Day Usage Count>114ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.APR2020240
111694
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111694http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.11169414Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyLA4YZhybrid2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0005239553000090 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, Beaufort Sea, InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15049-2019
Characterization of transport regimes and the polar dome during Arctic spring and summer using in situ aircraft measurements
ArticleATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICSSURFACE ALBEDO FEEDBACK; BLACK CARBON TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; SHIP EMISSIONS; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AEROSOLBozem, H; Hoor, P; Kunkel, D; Kollner, F; Schneider, J; Herber, A; Schulz, H; Leaitch, WR; Aliabadi, AA; Willis, M; Burkart, J; Abbatt, JBozem, Heiko; Hoor, Peter; Kunkel, Daniel; Koellner, Franziska; Schneider, Johannes; Herber, Andreas; Schulz, Hannes; Leaitch, W. Richard; Aliabadi, Amir A.; Willis, Megan; Burkart, Julia; Abbatt, JonathanEnglishThe springtime composition of the Arctic lower troposphere is to a large extent controlled by the transport of midlatitude air masses into the Arctic. In contrast, precipitation and natural sources play the most important role during summer. Within the Arctic region sloping isentropes create a barrier to horizontal transport, known as the polar dome. The polar dome varies in space and time and exhibits a strong influence on the transport of air masses from midlatitudes, enhancing transport during winter and inhibiting transport during summer. We analyzed aircraft-based trace gas measurements in the Arctic from two NETCARE airborne field campaigns (July 2014 and April 2015) with the Alfred Wegener Institute Polar 6 aircraft, covering an area from Spitsbergen to Alaska (134 to 17 degrees W and 68 to 83 degrees N). Using these data we characterized the transport regimes of midlatitude air masses traveling to the high Arctic based on CO and CO2 measurements as well as kinematic 10 d back trajectories. We found that dynamical isolation of the high Arctic lower troposphere leads to gradients of chemical tracers reflecting different local chemical lifetimes, sources, and sinks. In particular, gradients of CO and CO2 allowed for a trace-gas-based definition of the polar dome boundary for the two measurement periods, which showed pronounced seasonal differences. Rather than a sharp boundary, we derived a transition zone from both campaigns. In July 2014 the polar dome boundary was at 73.5 degrees N latitude and 299-303.5 K potential temperature. During April 2015 the polar dome boundary was on average located at 66-68.5 degrees N and 283.5-287.5 K. Tracer-tracer scatter plots confirm different air mass properties inside and outside the polar dome in both spring and summer. Further, we explored the processes controlling the recent transport history of air masses within and outside the polar dome. Air masses within the springtime polar dome mainly experienced diabatic cooling while traveling over cold surfaces. In contrast, air masses in the summertime polar dome were diabatically heated due to insolation. During both seasons air masses outside the polar dome slowly descended into the Arctic lower troposphere from above through radiative cooling. Ascent to the middle and upper troposphere mainly took place outside the Arctic, followed by a northward motion. Air masses inside and outside the polar dome were also distinguished by different chemical compositions of both trace gases and aerosol particles. We found that the fraction of amine-containing particles, originating from Arctic marine biogenic sources, is enhanced inside the polar dome. In contrast, concentrations of refractory black carbon are highest outside the polar dome, indicating remote pollution sources. Synoptic-scale weather systems frequently disturb the transport barrier formed by the polar dome and foster exchange between air masses from midlatitudes and polar regions. During the second phase of the NETCARE 2014 measurements a pronounced low-pressure system south of Resolute Bay brought inflow from southern latitudes, which pushed the polar dome northward and significantly affected trace gas mixing ratios in the measurement region. Mean CO2 mixing ratios increased from 77.9 +/- 2.5 to 84.9 +/- 4.7 ppbv between these two regimes. At the same time CO2 mixing ratios significantly decreased from 398.16 +/- 1.01 to 393.81 +/- 2.25 ppmv. Our results demonstrate the utility of applying a tracer-based diagnostic to determine the polar dome boundary for interpreting observations of atmospheric composition in the context of transport history.[Bozem, Heiko; Hoor, Peter; Kunkel, Daniel; Koellner, Franziska] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany; [Koellner, Franziska; Schneider, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany; [Herber, Andreas; Schulz, Hannes] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Leaitch, W. Richard] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Aliabadi, Amir A.] Univ Guelph, Sch Engn, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Willis, Megan; Burkart, Julia; Abbatt, Jonathan] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Willis, Megan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA USA; [Burkart, Julia] Univ Vienna, Aerosol Phys & Environm Phys, Vienna, AustriaJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Max Planck Society; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Guelph; University of Toronto; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of ViennaBozem, H (corresponding author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany.bozemh@uni-mainz.deSchneider, Johannes/A-2674-2010; Aliabadi, Amir/ABC-8403-2020; Kunkel, Daniel/D-7287-2014; hoor, peter m/G-5421-2010; Köllner, Franziska/W-1144-2017; Bozem, Heiko/O-2702-2016Schneider, Johannes/0000-0001-7169-3973; Kunkel, Daniel/0000-0002-9652-0099; hoor, peter m/0000-0001-6582-6864; Köllner, Franziska/0000-0002-4967-5514; Bozem, Heiko/0000-0003-2412-9864; Burkart, Julia/0000-0002-4031-3269; Willis, Megan/0000-0003-0386-0156; Abbatt, Jonathan/0000-0002-3372-334XPolar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP) of Natural Resources Canada [218-14]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the NETCARE project of the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program; AlfredWegener Institute and Environment; Climate Change CanadaPolar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP) of Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the NETCARE project of the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); AlfredWegener Institute and Environment; Climate Change CanadaThe authors acknowledge a large number of people for their contributions to this work. We thank Kenn Borek Air, in particular Kevin Elke, John Bayes, Gery Murtsel, and Neil Travers, for their skillful piloting that facilitated these observations. We are grateful to John Ford, David Heath, the University of Toronto machine shop, Jim Hodgson and Lake Central Air Services in Muskoka, Jim Watson (Scale Modelbuilders, Inc.), Julia Binder and Martin Gehrmann (AWI), Mike Harwood, and Andrew Elford (ECCC) for their support of the integration of the instrumentation and aircraft. We thank Mohammed Wasey for his support of the instrumentation during the integration and in the field. We are grateful to Carrie Taylor (ECCC), Bob Christensen (U of T), Kevin Riehl (Kenn Borek Air), Lukas Kandora, Manuel Sellmann and Jens Herrmann (AWI), Desiree Toom, Sangeeta Sharma, Dan Veber, Andrew Platt, Anne Mari Macdonald, Ralf Staebler and MauriceWatt (ECCC), Kathy Law, and Jennie Thomas (LATMOS) for their support of the study. We thank the biogeochemistry department of MPIC for providing the CO instrument and Dieter Scharffe for his support during the preparation phase of the campaign. We thank the Nunavut Research Institute and the Nunavut Impact Review Board for licensing the study. Logistical support in Resolute Bay was provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP) of Natural Resources Canada under PCSP field project no. 218-14, and we are particularly grateful to Tim McCagherty and Jodi MacGregor of the PCSP. Funding for this work was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the NETCARE project of the Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program, the AlfredWegener Institute and Environment, and Climate Change Canada. All atmospheric data from Zeppelin are publicly available in the EBAS database (http://ebas.nilu.no, last access: 3 November 2019), and we thank Cathrine Lund Myhre and NILU - the Norwegian Institute for Air Research - for making the CO and CO<INF>2</INF> observations from Zeppelin available. The authors are grateful to the ECMWF for providing operational analysis data through the MARS server.871617<180 Day Usage Count>118COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1680-73161680-7324ATMOS CHEM PHYSAtmos. Chem. Phys.DEC 13201919231504915071
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15049-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15049-201923Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJW4AVgold, Green Submitted2023-03-13WOS:0005029968000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaTsiigehtchicNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6605-2021
Comparing an exponential respiration model to alternative models for soil respiration components in a Canadian wildfire chronosequence (FireResp v1.0)
ArticleGEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENTNET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AUTOTROPHIC COMPONENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; ROOT RESPIRATION; CLIMATE-CHANGEZobitz, J; Aaltonen, H; Zhou, X; Berninger, F; Pumpanen, J; Koster, KZobitz, John; Aaltonen, Heidi; Zhou, Xuan; Berninger, Frank; Pumpanen, Jukka; Koster, KajarEnglishForest fires modify soil organic carbon and suppress soil respiration for many decades after the initial disturbance. The associated changes in soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration from the time of the forest fire, however, are less well characterized. The FireResp model predicts soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration parameterized with a novel dataset across a fire chronosequence in the Yukon and Northwest Territories of Canada. The dataset consisted of soil incubation experiments and field measurements of soil respiration and soil carbon stocks. The FireResp model contains submodels that consider a Q(10) (exponential) model of respiration compared to models of heterotrophic respiration using Michaelis-Menten kinetics parameterized with soil microbial carbon. For model evaluation we applied the Akaike information criterion and compared predicted patterns in components of soil respiration across the chronosequence. Parameters estimated with data from the 5 cm soil depth had better model-data comparisons than parameters estimated with data from the 10 cm soil depth. The model-data fit was improved by including parameters estimated from soil incubation experiments. Models that incorporated microbial carbon with Michaelis-Menten kinetics reproduced patterns in autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration components across the chronosequence. Autotrophic respiration was associated with aboveground tree biomass at more recently burned sites, but this association was less robust at older sites in the chronosequence. Our results provide support for more structured soil respiration models than standard Q(10) exponential models.[Zobitz, John] Augsburg Univ, Dept Math Stat & Comp Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA; [Aaltonen, Heidi; Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Zhou, Xuan; Berninger, Frank] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Koster, Kajar] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, FinlandAugsburg University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Eastern Finland; University of HelsinkiKoster, K (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland.kajar.koster@helsinki.fiKöster, Kajar/C-8397-2012Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788Academy of Finland [286685, 294600, 307222, 327198, 337550]; European Commission Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [730938]; Helsinki University Library; Academy of Finland (AKA) [327198] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); European Commission Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Helsinki University Library; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This research has been supported by the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 286685, 294600, 307222, 327198, and 337550) and the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (grant no. INTERACT (730938)). Open-access funding was provided by the Helsinki University Library.10011<180 Day Usage Count>723COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1991-959X1991-9603GEOSCI MODEL DEVGeosci. Model Dev.OCT 292021141066056622
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6605-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6605-202118Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyWR2PTgold, Green Submitted, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007143475000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBanks Island, Richards Island, Richardson MountainsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183073
Comparison of Empirical and Physical Modelling for Estimation of Biochemical and Biophysical Vegetation Properties: Field Scale Analysis across an Arctic Bioclimatic Gradient
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGArctic ecosystems; field spectroscopy; multi-angle spectroscopy; vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties; plant traits; empirical modelling; physical modelling; inversionLEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; DETECTING LANDSCAPE CHANGES; AREA INDEX LAI; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; TUNDRA VEGETATION; NONDESTRUCTIVE ESTIMATION; CANOPY VARIABLES; CLIMATE-CHANGEKennedy, BE; King, DJ; Duffe, JKennedy, Blair E.; King, Douglas J.; Duffe, JasonEnglishTo evaluate the potential of multi-angle hyperspectral sensors for monitoring vegetation variables in Arctic environments, empirical and physical modelling using field data was implemented for the retrieval of leaf and canopy chlorophyll content (LCC, CCC) and plant area index (PAI) measured at four sites situated across a bioclimatic gradient in the Western Canadian Arctic. Field reflectance data were acquired with an ASD FieldSpec (305-1075 nm) and used to simulate CHRIS Mode1 spectra (411-997 nm). Multi-angle measurements were taken corresponding to CHRIS view zenith angles (VZA) (-55 degrees, -36 degrees, 0 degrees, +36 degrees, +55 degrees). Empirical modelling compared parametric regression based on vegetation indices (VIs) to non-parametric Gaussian Processes Regression (GPR). In physical modelling, PROSAIL was inverted using numerical optimization and look-up table (LUT) approaches. Cross-validation of the empirical models ranked GPR as best, followed by simple ratio (SR) with optimally selected NIR and red wavelengths, and then ROSAVI using its published wavelengths (meanr(cv)(2)= 0.62, 0.58, and 0.54, respectively across all sites, variables, and VZAs). However, the best predictive performance was achieved by SR followed by GPR and ROSAVI (NRMSEcv= 0.12, 0.16, 0.16, respectively). PROSAIL simulated the multi-angle top-of-canopy reflectance well with numerical optimization (r(2) = similar to 0.99, RMSE = 0.004 +/- 0.002), but best performing LUT models of LCC, CCC and PAI were poorer than the empirical approaches (meanr(2) = 0.48, mean NRMSE = 0.22). PROSAIL performed best at the high Arctic sparsely vegetated site (r(2) = 0.57-0.86 for all parameters). Overall, the best performing VZA was -55 degrees for empirical modelling and 0 degrees and +/- 55 degrees for physical modelling; however, these were not significantly better than the other VZAs. Overall, this study demonstrates that, for Arctic vegetation, nadir narrowband reflectance data used to derive simple empirical VIs with optimally selected bands is a more efficient approach for modelling chlorophyll and PAI than more complex empirical and physical approaches.[Kennedy, Blair E.; Duffe, Jason] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [King, Douglas J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Carleton UniversityKennedy, BE (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.Blair.Kennedy3@Canada.ca; doug.king@carleton.ca; Jason.Duffe@canada.caKing, Doug/0000-0003-0824-6278Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)This work was supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP).16344<180 Day Usage Count>27MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.SEP20201218
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12183073http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1218307341Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyOF0SPgold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0005809294000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2976
Development of a model ensemble to predict Peary caribou populations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
ArticleECOSPHEREBayesian inference; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; climate change; ensemble modeling; Peary caribouRANGIFER-TARANDUS; LAYER FORMATION; BANKS ISLAND; SNOW; CONSERVATION; CLIMATE; QUALITY; BIODIVERSITY; UNCERTAINTY; PARAMETERSKaluskar, S; Blukacz-Richards, EA; Johnson, CA; He, YH; Langlois, A; Kim, DK; Arhonditsis, GBKaluskar, Samarth; Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Johnson, Cheryl Ann; He, Yuhong; Langlois, Alex; Kim, Dong-Kyun; Arhonditsis, George B.EnglishIn the field of biological conservation, mathematical modeling has been an indispensable tool to advance our understanding of population dynamics. Modeling rare and endangered species with complex ecophysiological tools can be challenging due to the constraints imposed by data availability. One strategy to overcome the mismatch between what we are trying to learn from a modeling exercise and the available empirical knowledge is to develop statistical models that tend to be more parsimonious. In the present study, we introduce a spatially explicit modeling framework to examine the strength and nature of the relationships of snow density and vegetation abundance with Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) populations. Peary caribou are vital to the livelihood and culture of High Arctic Inuit communities, but changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances may affect the integrity of this endemic species population. Owing to an estimated decline of over 35% during the last three generations, a recent assessment by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada assigned a Threatened status to Peary caribou in 2015. Recognizing the uncertainty typically associated with the selection of the best subset of explanatory variables and their optimal functional relationship with the response variable, we examined four models across six island complexes (Banks, Axel Heiberg, Melville, Bathurst, Mackenzie King, and Boothia) of the Arctic Archipelago and formulated two ensembles to synthesize their predictions into averaged Peary caribou population distributions. Our analysis showed that an ensemble strategy with region-specific weights displayed the highest performance and most balanced error across the six island complexes. The causal linkages between snow, vegetation abundance, and Peary caribou did manifest themselves with the models examined, but the noise-to-signal ratios of the corresponding regression coefficients were generally high and there were instances where they were not discernible from zero. We also present a sensitivity analysis exercise that elucidates the influence of the observation/imputation errors on the model-training phase, thereby highlighting the importance of assigning realistic error estimates that will not hamper the identification of important cause-effect relationships. Our study identifies critical augmentations of the available scientific knowledge that necessitate to design the optimal management actions of Peary caribou populations across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.[Kaluskar, Samarth; Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes; Kim, Dong-Kyun; Arhonditsis, George B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Blukacz-Richards, E. Agnes] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Johnson, Cheryl Ann] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [He, Yuhong] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Langlois, Alex] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Langlois, Alex] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Kim, Dong-Kyun] K Water Res Inst, Yuseongdaero, Daejeon, South KoreaUniversity of Toronto; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; University of Sherbrooke; Laval UniversityArhonditsis, GB (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modelling Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada.georgea@utsc.utoronto.caArhonditsis, George/AAI-7897-2020; He, Yuhong/AAA-9909-2020Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737; He, Yuhong/0000-0003-4700-6517Government of Canada through the Department of the EnvironmentGovernment of Canada through the Department of the EnvironmentThis project was undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through the Department of the Environment. The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the support of Anne Gunn throughout this project, as well as Tracy Davidson (Government of Northwest Territories), Morgan Anderson (Government of Nunavut), and Andrew Maher (Parks Canada) for sharing aerial survey information on Peary caribou. The authors are grateful to Dr. Alex Neumann and Mr Felix Ouellet for their assistance with the preparation of the figures.8622<180 Day Usage Count>39WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2150-8925ECOSPHEREEcosphereDEC20191012
e02976
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2976http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.297623EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyKG5UGgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005100157000180 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCanadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004345
Canadian Arctic Neogene Temperatures Reconstructed From Hydrogen Isotopes of Lignin-Methoxy Groups From Sub-Fossil Wood
ArticlePALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGYArctic; climate; deuterium; lignin-methoxy; miocene; pliocene; sub-fossil wood; reconstructionPRINCE PATRICK ISLAND; STABLE HYDROGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; LATE TERTIARY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; BEAUFORT FORMATION; DELTA-H-2 VALUES; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; CLIMATE-CHANGEPorter, TJ; Anhauser, T; Halfar, J; Keppler, F; Csank, AZ; Williams, CJPorter, Trevor J.; Anhauser, Tobias; Halfar, Jochen; Keppler, Frank; Csank, Adam Z.; Williams, Christopher J.EnglishProxy-based reconstructions of Neogene warm climates are a valuable data source for helping to understand what a future, warmer world may look like. Such insights are especially critical in the Arctic where the fastest rates of warming are underway and likely to continue. In this study, hydrogen isotopes of lignin-methoxy groups (delta H-2(LM)) from Miocene and Pliocene sub-fossil wood samples (N = 43) at six high-latitude sites (73-80 degrees N) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago were used to estimate mean delta H-2 values of precipitation and temperature anomalies (Delta T) relative to present. The Delta T estimates ranged from +9.7 to +16.7 degrees C depending on site and epoch and are corroborated by a suite of independent proxy data for most sites, and for one site (Prince Patrick Island) this study provides the first quantitative Delta T estimates. These are conservative estimates as they do not account for the more negative delta H-2(seawater) values during the Neogene. These Delta T estimates, along with independent proxy and vegetation data, depict a dramatically warmer version of the Arctic. Some of this warming was likely driven by global atmospheric change and feedbacks that are possible in the modern-day Arctic. However, transformation of the once-contiguous Arctic landmass into a dissected archipelago has undoubtedly changed the nature and future warming potential of the Canadian Arctic region. Investigations aimed at disentangling the relative contribution of global versus regional boundary conditions to Neogene Arctic climate warming are needed to understand the extent to which these reconstructions may foreshadow conditions in the future.[Porter, Trevor J.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog Geomat & Environm, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Anhauser, Tobias; Halfar, Jochen] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Chem & Phys Sci, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Anhauser, Tobias; Keppler, Frank] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Earth Sci, Heidelberg, Germany; [Csank, Adam Z.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA; [Williams, Christopher J.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Lancaster, PA 17604 USAUniversity of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; Franklin & Marshall CollegePorter, TJ (corresponding author), Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog Geomat & Environm, Mississauga, ON, Canada.trevor.porter@utoronto.caKeppler, Frank/F-4401-2012Keppler, Frank/0000-0003-2766-8812; Csank, Adam/0000-0002-7001-4470; Porter, Trevor/0000-0002-5916-1998Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Natural Resources Canada - Polar Continental Shelf Program Grant; German Research Foundation [AN1191/3-1, KE884 17-1]; Keck Geology Consortium; National Science Foundation [0353585]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Natural Resources Canada - Polar Continental Shelf Program Grant; German Research Foundation(German Research Foundation (DFG)); Keck Geology Consortium; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))The authors acknowledge funding from: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants to TJP, JH, AZC; Natural Resources Canada - Polar Continental Shelf Program Grant to AZC; German Research Foundation for a Postdoctoral Fellowship to TA (AN1191/3-1) and a Research Grant to FK (KE884 17-1); and Keck Geology Consortium and the National Science Foundation for a Grant to CJW for fieldwork and collection of the Banks Island material (Grant No. 0353585). We thank M. Greule for performing stable hydrogen isotope measurements. Finally, we thank Associate Editor Feakins, Gordon Inglis and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions to improve this paper.8044<180 Day Usage Count>35AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2572-45172572-4525PALEOCEANOGR PALEOCLPaleoceanogr. PaleoclimatologyFEB2022372
e2021PA004345
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004345http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021PA00434516Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; PaleontologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Oceanography; PaleontologyZL2FZBronze2023-03-12WOS:0007634968000080 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveMackenzie Delta, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006922
Characterizing Methane Emission Hotspots From Thawing Permafrost
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLESArctic; methane; thermokarst; permafrost; hotspots; remote sensing; emissions upscalingIMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON; LAKES; RELEASE; FLUXES; SEEPSElder, CD; Thompson, DR; Thorpe, AK; Chandanpurkar, HA; Hanke, PJ; Hasson, N; James, SR; Minsley, BJ; Pastick, NJ; Olefeldt, D; Anthony, KMW; Miller, CEElder, C. D.; Thompson, D. R.; Thorpe, A. K.; Chandanpurkar, H. A.; Hanke, P. J.; Hasson, N.; James, S. R.; Minsley, B. J.; Pastick, N. J.; Olefeldt, D.; Anthony, K. M. Walter; Miller, C. E.EnglishMethane (CH4) emissions from climate-sensitive ecosystems within the northern permafrost region represent a potentially large but highly uncertain source, with current estimates spanning a factor of seven (11-75 Tg CH4 yr(-1)). Accelerating permafrost thaw threatens significant increases in pan-Arctic CH4 emissions, amplifying the permafrost carbon feedback. We used airborne imaging spectroscopy with meter-scale spatial resolution and broad coverage to identify a previously undiscovered CH4 emission hotspot adjacent to a thermokarst lake in interior Alaska. Hotspot emissions were confined to <1% of the 10 ha lake study area. Ground-based chamber measurements confirmed average daily fluxes from the hotspot of 1,170 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1), with extreme daily maxima up to 24,200 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1). Ground-based geophysical measurements revealed thawed permafrost directly beneath the CH4 hotspot, extending to a depth of similar to 15 m, indicating that the intense CH4 emissions likely originated from recently thawed permafrost. Hotspot emissions accounted for similar to 40% of total diffusive CH4 emissions from the lake study site. Combining study site findings with hotspot statistics from our 70,000 km(2) airborne survey across Alaska and northwestern Canada, we estimate that pan-Arctic terrestrial thermokarst hotspots currently emit 1.1 (0.1-5.2) Tg CH4 yr(-1), or roughly 4% of the annual pan-Arctic wetland budget from just 0.01% of the northern permafrost land area. Our results suggest that significant proportions of pan-Arctic CH4 emissions originate from disproportionately small areas of previously undetermined thermokarst emissions hotspots, and that pan-Arctic CH4 emissions may increase non-linearly as thermokarst processes increase under a warming climate.[Elder, C. D.; Thompson, D. R.; Thorpe, A. K.; Chandanpurkar, H. A.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; [Chandanpurkar, H. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Chandanpurkar, H. A.] FLAME Univ, Ctr Earth & Environm, Pune, Maharashtra, India; [Hanke, P. J.; Hasson, N.; Anthony, K. M. Walter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [James, S. R.; Minsley, B. J.] US Geol Survey, Geol Geophys & Geochem Sci Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA; [Pastick, N. J.] US Geol Survey, KBR, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA; [Olefeldt, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, CanadaCalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of AlbertaElder, CD (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.clayton.d.elder@jpl.nasa.govThompson, David/C-3520-2008; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Thompson, David R./0000-0003-1100-7550; Minsley, Burke/0000-0003-1689-1306; Hasson, Nicholas/0000-0003-2351-8358; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475USGS Land Change Science Program; USGS Biological Sequestration Program; Terrestrial Ecology Program via ABoVE; USRA; NASA Postdoctoral ProgramUSGS Land Change Science Program(United States Geological Survey); USGS Biological Sequestration Program; Terrestrial Ecology Program via ABoVE; USRA; NASA Postdoctoral Program(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))The authors would like to thank Michael Eastwood (JPL), John Chapman (JPL), Mark Helmlinger (JPL), and the rest of the AVIRIS-NG technical support and flight crew for spectroscopic data acquisition from the air and the ground. The authors thank the Alaska Satellite Facility (University of Alaska Fairbanks) for expedient AVIRIS-NG data transfer to servers at JPL, which enabled overnight detection of CH4 hotspots at BTL. The authors acknowledge our ABoVE collaborators, David Butman (University of Washington), Mark Dornblaser (USGS), Kim Wickland (USGS), Rob Striegl (USGS), Catherine Kuhn (University of Washington), and Merritt Turetsky (University of Colorado) for their valuable feedback regarding several aspects of this work. The authors also thank Sarah Sackett and Dan Hodgkinson for logistical assistance through the ABoVE Fairbanks office. NASA funding was provided to PI C. E. Miller from the Terrestrial Ecology Program via ABoVE and C. D. Elder via USRA and the NASA Postdoctoral Program. USGS funding was provided by the USGS Land Change Science and Biological Sequestration Programs. (c) 2020. All rights reserved. The research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.6533<180 Day Usage Count>824AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleDEC20213512
e2020GB006922
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006922http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GB00692222Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesXW8VE2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0007358888000040 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllAll, with a focus on communities and infrastructureNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06265-6
High-resolution modelling of climatic hazards relevant for Canada's northern transportation sector
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSClimate change; Transportation; Convection permitting model; Regional climate; model; Arctic; Permafrost; Fog; Extreme rainfall; Extreme windMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; CLOUD; FOGTeufel, B; Sushama, LTeufel, B.; Sushama, L.EnglishInfrastructure and transportation systems on which northern communities rely are exposed to a variety of climatic hazards over a broad range of scales. Efforts to adapt these systems to the rapidly warming Arctic climate require high-quality climate projections. Here, a state-of-the-art regional climate model is used to perform simulations at 4-km resolution over the eastern and central Canadian Arctic. These include, for the first time over this region, high-resolution climate projections extending to the year 2040. Validation shows that the model adequately simulates base climate variables, as well as variables hazardous to northern engineering and transportation systems, such as degrading permafrost, extreme rainfall, and extreme wind gust. Added value is found over coarser resolution simulations. A novel approach integrating climate model output and machine learning is used for deriving fog-an important, but complex hazard. Hotspots of change to climatic hazards over the next two decades (2021-2040) are identified. These include increases to short-duration rainfall intensity extremes exceeding 50%, suggesting Super-Clausius-Clapeyron scaling. Increases to extreme wind gust pressure are projected to reach 25% over some regions, while widespread increases in active layer thickness and ground temperature are expected. Overall fog frequency is projected to increase by around 10% over most of the study region by 2040, due to increasing frequency of high humidity conditions. Given that these changes are projected to be already underway, urgent action is required to successfully adapt northern transportation and engineering systems located in regions where the magnitude of hazards is projected to increase.[Teufel, B.; Sushama, L.] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill UniversityTeufel, B (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada.bernardo.teufel@mail.mcgill.caTransport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED); McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI)Transport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED); McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI)This research was funded by Transport Canada (Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED) and the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI). The GEM simulations in this study were performed on supercomputers managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.5222<180 Day Usage Count>59SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.NOV20225931353151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06265-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06265-62022-04-01 00:00:0017Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4Z8VA2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007797921000020 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveNorth of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.002
Landscape variability of vegetation change across the forest to tundra transition of central Canada
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTNDVI; Landsat; Treeline; Boreal forest; Tundra; Arctic greening; Random ForestRECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ARCTIC VEGETATION; SHRUB EXPANSION; NORTHERN CANADA; NDVI TRENDS; RESOLUTION; BIOMASS; GROWTH; COVERBonney, MT; Danby, RK; Treitz, PMBonney, Mitchell T.; Danby, Ryan K.; Treitz, Paul M.EnglishWidespread increases in the productivity of tundra ecosystems and static trends or even declines in boreal ecosystems have been detected since the early 1980s using coarse-scale remote sensing. However, intermediate scale Landsat studies have shown that these changes are heterogeneous and may be related to landscape and regional variability in climate, land cover, topography and moisture availability. In this study, a Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time-series (1984-2016) was examined for an area spanning the transition from sub-Arctic boreal forest to Low Arctic tundra in central Canada. This was supplemented by analyses of relationships with a suite of environmental variables and in situ measurements of bulk vegetation volume. Results show that NDVI trends were generally positive (i.e. increasing) across the study area but were smallest in the forest zone and largest in the northern tundra zone. More than one-quarter (27%) of un-masked pixels exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) trend and virtually all (99.3%) of those pixels exhibited an increasing, or greening, trend. Greening pixels were most common in the northern tundra zone and the southern ecotone zone. Random Forest modeling of the relationship between NDVI and environmental variables indicated that the magnitude and direction of trends varied across the forest to tundra transition. Areas that experienced larger increases in NDVI include: (i) areas where summer temperatures increased; (ii) areas exhibiting predominantly shrub and forest cover; and (iii) locations closer to major drainage systems, further from major lakes, and at lower elevations. Ground validation in the central portion of the study area reveals a strong relationship (R-2 = 0.79) between vegetation volume and NDVI for non-tree functional groups and that alder (Alnus crispa) shrublands and open spruce (Picea mariana and P. glauca) woodland with shrubby understories were most likely to exhibit greening. These findings indicate that the largest positive and more significant NDVI trends were associated with increased productivity in shrub-dominated environments, especially at, and north of the treeline in localities with favorable growing conditions. Smaller and less significant NDVI trends in boreal forest environments south of the treeline were likely associated with long-term successional change following disturbance rather than the variables analyzed here.[Bonney, Mitchell T.; Danby, Ryan K.; Treitz, Paul M.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, D201 Mackintosh Corry Hall,68 Univ Ave, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Danby, Ryan K.] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Queens University - CanadaBonney, MT (corresponding author), Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Geog, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.mitchell.bonney@mail.utoronto.ca; ryan.danby@queensu.ca; paul.treitz@queensu.caBonney, Mitchell/0000-0001-8195-2465Queen's University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [RGPIN/03822, 371427]; Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP)Queen's University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP)This research was supported by Queen's University, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) (Grant no. RGPIN/03822, Treitz; 371427, Danby), and the Northern Scientific Training Program (NSTP). Data processing and analysis were conducted in the Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Earth and Environmental Systems (LaRSEES) at Queen's University. We thank Dr. Gregory King and Stuart Thibert for their assistance with field data collection in NWT. We sincerely thank the Thcho Government and Community of Wekweeti for kind permission to conduct research on their lands.732125<180 Day Usage Count>578ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.NOV20182171829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.002http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.08.00212Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyGX2SRGreen Submitted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004475709000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006420
Modeling Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Carbon Loading to Western Arctic Rivers
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESdissolved organic carbon loading; runoff; permafrost; climate change; river dischargeWATER-BALANCE; PERMAFROST THAW; EXPORT; HYDROLOGY; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE; RELEASE; RUNOFF; MATTERRawlins, MA; Connolly, CT; McClelland, JWRawlins, Michael A.; Connolly, Craig T.; McClelland, James W.EnglishThe mobilization and land-to-ocean transfer of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Arctic watersheds is intricately linked with the region's climate and water cycle, and furthermore at risk of changes from climate warming and associated impacts. This study quantifies model-simulated estimates of runoff, surface and active layer leachate DOC concentrations and loadings to western Arctic rivers, specifically for basins that drain into coastal waters between and including the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers. Model validation leverages data from other field measurements, synthesis studies, and modeling efforts. The simulations effectively quantify DOC leaching in surface and subsurface runoff and broadly capture the seasonal cycle in DOC concentration and mass loadings reported from other studies that use river-based measurements. A marked east-west gradient in simulated spring and summer DOC concentrations of 24 drainage basins on the North Slope of Alaska is captured by the modeling, consistent with independent data derived from river sampling. Simulated loadings for the Mackenzie and Yukon show reasonable agreement with estimates of DOC export for annual totals and four of the six seasonal comparisons. Nearly equivalent loading occurs to rivers which drain north to the Beaufort Sea and west to the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The modeling framework provides a basis for understanding carbon export to coastal waters and for assessing impacts of hydrological cycle intensification and permafrost thaw with ongoing warming in the Arctic.[Rawlins, Michael A.] Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Connolly, Craig T.; McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX USAUniversity of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Texas System; University of Texas AustinRawlins, MA (corresponding author), Univ Massachusetts, Climate Syst Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.mrawlins@umass.edu; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008Rawlins, Michael/0000-0002-3323-8256; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0019462]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NSSC19K0649]; National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs [NSF-OPP-1656026]U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF))This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (grant no. DE-SC0019462), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant no. 80NSSC19K0649), and the National Science Foundation, Division of Polar Programs (grant no. NSF-OPP-1656026).9433<180 Day Usage Count>1027AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.OCT202112610
e2021JG006420
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006420http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JG00642021Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyWN7TI35864934hybrid, Green Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007119699000300 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North Slave, South SlaveForested areasNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2019.1698258
No treeline advance over the last 50 years in subarctic western and central Canada and the problem of vegetation misclassification in remotely sensed data
ArticleECOSCIENCEBoreal; forest-tundra; Low Arctic; remote sensing; subarctic; treelineFOREST-TUNDRA; SOUTHWEST YUKON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-WESTERN; DYNAMICS; MODEL; VARIABILITY; FEEDBACKS; GRADIENTSTimoney, KP; Mamet, STimoney, Kevin P.; Mamet, StevenEnglishIn this study we examined (1) whether there has been significant tree cover change over the period 1960-2010 in a 960,000 km(2) subarctic study region in western and central Canada, and (2) the degree to which Global Forest Change (GFC) tree cover data agree with other datasets. We compared GFC tree cover to cover estimates from air photos (c. 1960), ground-level plot data (c. 1982-84), annotated low-level oblique photographs (c. 2005-09), and air photo footprints on the World Imagery Base Map (c. 2010). Tree cover changes since 1960 varied by physiographic and ecological regions. Afforestation was modest to non-significant depending on the region. We observed no evidence of northward tree migration. An increase in the areal extent of burned forests, mostly in areas south of the forest-tundra, was the largest change detected. We documented systematic discrepancies between our tree cover estimates and GFC data. GFC underestimates of tree cover typically occurred in areas of low tree density. Areas where GFC data overestimated tree cover were common, especially near the northern limits of trees and in areas dominated by dense or tall shrubs. Predictions of climate-driven vegetation response derived solely from remotely sensed data may not be reliable.[Timoney, Kevin P.] Treeline Ecol Res, 21551 Twp Rd 520, Sherwood Pk, AB T8E 1E3, Canada; [Mamet, Steven] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUniversity of SaskatchewanTimoney, KP (corresponding author), Treeline Ecol Res, 21551 Twp Rd 520, Sherwood Pk, AB T8E 1E3, Canada.lorax.ted@gmail.comMamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-38143389<180 Day Usage Count>019TAYLOR & FRANCIS INCPHILADELPHIA530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA1195-68602376-7626ECOSCIENCEEcoscienceAPR 2202027293106
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2019.1698258http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2019.16982582019-12-01 00:00:0014EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyLE0OC2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005045281000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaRichardson Mountains, Banks IslandNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091830
Retrieval of Arctic Vegetation Biophysical and Biochemical Properties from CHRIS/PROBA Multi-Angle Imagery Using Empirical and Physical Modelling
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGArctic ecosystems; CHRIS; PROBA; multi-angle satellite spectroscopy; vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties; plant traits; empirical modelling; physical modelling; inversion; bioclimatic gradientLEAF OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DETECTING LANDSCAPE CHANGES; TUNDRA PLANT-COMMUNITIES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; GAUSSIAN-PROCESSES; AREA INDEX; CANOPY; LAIKennedy, BE; King, DJ; Duffe, JKennedy, Blair E.; King, Doug J.; Duffe, JasonEnglishMapping and monitoring of Arctic vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties is gaining importance as global climate change is disproportionately affecting this region. Previous studies using remote sensing to model Arctic vegetation biochemical and biophysical properties have generally involved empirical modelling with nadir looking broadband sensors and have typically been conducted at the field scale in one study area. Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing has not been previously investigated for retrieving leaf and canopy biochemical and biophysical properties of Arctic vegetation across multiple sites using either empirical or physically-based modelling approaches. Furthermore, multi-angle hyperspectral sensors (CHRIS/PROBA), which can provide insight into vegetation reflectance anisotropy and potentially improve vegetation parameter estimation, have also not been investigated for this purpose. In this study, three modelling approaches previously investigated with field spectroscopy data (Kennedy et al., 2020) were used with CHRIS Mode-1 imagery to predict leaf chlorophyll content, plant area index and canopy chlorophyll content across a bioclimatic gradient in the Western Canadian Arctic. Modelling approaches included: parametric linear regression based on vegetation indices (VI), non-parametric machine learning Gaussian processes regression (GPR) and inversion of the PROSAIL radiative transfer model using a look-up table approach (LUT). CHRIS imagery was acquired with -55 degrees, -36 degrees, 0 degrees, +36 degrees, +55 degrees view zenith angles (VZA) between 2011 and 2014 over three field sites extending from the Richardson Mountains in central Yukon, Canada to the north end of Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Field measurements were acquired within several weeks of satellite acquisitions. GPR had the best model fit (mean cross-validated ((cv)) coefficient of determination, r(cv)(2) = 0.61 across all vegetation variables, sites and VZAs vs. 0.59 for the simple ratio, SR) and predictive performance (normalized root mean square error, NRMSEcv = 0.13 vs. 0.14 for SR). The revised optimized soil adjusted VI (ROSAVI) performance was slightly poorer (r(cv)(2) = 0.51; NRMSEcv = 0.15). The physically-based PROSAIL model performed poorer than all empirical models (r(2) = 0.50; NRMSE = 0.18). This ranking of model performance is similar to that found in the previous field spectroscopy study, where empirical model fits and predictive performance were only slightly worse. With respect to view angle performance, NRMSE varied only slightly, indicating no distinct advantage for any one VZA. Overall, strong potential has been demonstrated for empirical modelling of Arctic vegetation chlorophyll and plant area index using hyperspectral data combined with band selection/optimization procedures in the Arctic. Recently launched and future hyperspectral satellites, including next generation airborne sensors, will likely provide improvements to the model performance reported here.[Kennedy, Blair E.; Duffe, Jason] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel BY Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [King, Doug J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Carleton UniversityKennedy, BE (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Landscape Sci & Technol Div, 1125 Colonel BY Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.Blair.Kennedy3@Canada.ca; Doug.King@carleton.ca; Jason.Duffe@canada.caKing, Doug/0000-0003-0824-6278Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP)This work was supported by funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and by Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Government Related Initiatives Program (GRIP).12311<180 Day Usage Count>210MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.MAY2021139
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091830http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1309183031Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologySC6ARgold2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006507519000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080430
Simulating Canadian Arctic Climate at Convection-Permitting Resolution
ArticleATMOSPHEREArctic; convection permitting; regional climate model; temperature-extreme precipitation scaling; climateMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SCALE; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; WEATHER; AMPLIFICATIONDiro, GT; Sushama, LDiro, Gulilat Tefera; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishInadequate representation and parameterization of sub-grid scale features and processes are one of the main sources for uncertainties in regional climate change projections, particularly for the Arctic regions where the climate change signal is amplified. Increasing model resolution to a couple of kilometers will be helpful in resolving some of these challenges, for example to better simulate convection and refined land heterogeneity and thus land-atmosphere interactions. A set of multi-year simulations has been carried out for the Canadian Arctic domain at 12 km and 3 km resolutions using limited-area version of the global environmental multi-scale (GEM) model. The model is integrated for five years driven by the fifth generation of the European Centre for medium-range weather forecast reanalysis (ERA-5) at the lateral boundaries. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of horizontal model resolution on the simulated surface climate variables. Results indicate that although some aspects of the seasonal mean values are deteriorated at times, substantial improvements are noted in the higher resolution simulation. The representation of extreme precipitation events during summer and the simulation of winter temperature are better captured in the convection-permitting simulation. Moreover, the observed temperature-extreme precipitation scaling is realistically reproduced by the higher resolution simulation. These results advocate for the use of convective-permitting resolution models for simulating future climate projections over the Arctic to support climate impact assessment studies such as those related to engineering applications and where high spatial and temporal resolution are beneficial.[Diro, Gulilat Tefera] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; [Diro, Gulilat Tefera] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, CanadaMcGill University; McGill University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Meteorological Service of Canada; Canadian Meteorological CentreDiro, GT (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.;Diro, GT (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada.gulilattef@gmail.comDiro, Gulilat T./AAD-4711-2020Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.5399<180 Day Usage Count>02MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereAUG2019108
430
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10080430http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1008043012Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesIT6KVGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004829835000190 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3263-2021
Simulating shrubs and their energy and carbon dioxide fluxes in Canada's Low Arctic with the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC)
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESCO2 FLUX; WINTER RESPIRATION; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; PERMAFROST THAW; WATER-VAPOR; MODEL; EXCHANGE; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; VEGETATIONMeyer, G; Humphreys, ER; Melton, JR; Cannon, AJ; Lafleur, PMMeyer, Gesa; Humphreys, Elyn R.; Melton, Joe R.; Cannon, Alex J.; Lafleur, Peter M.EnglishClimate change in the Arctic is leading to shifts in vegetation communities, permafrost degradation and alteration of tundra surface-atmosphere energy and carbon (C) fluxes, among other changes. However, year-round C and energy flux measurements at high-latitude sites remain rare. This poses a challenge for evaluating the impacts of climate change on Arctic tundra ecosystems and for developing and evaluating process-based models, which may be used to predict regional and global energy and C feedbacks to the climate system. Our study used 14 years of seasonal eddy covariance (EC) measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), water and energy fluxes, and winter soil chamber CO2 flux measurements at a dwarf-shrub tundra site underlain by continuous permafrost in Canada's Southern Arctic ecozone to evaluate the incorporation of shrub plant functional types (PFTs) in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC), the land surface component of the Canadian Earth System Model. In addition to new PFTs, a modification of the efficiency with which water evaporates from the ground surface was applied. This modification addressed a high ground evaporation bias that reduced model performance when soils became very dry, limited heat flow into the ground, and reduced plant productivity through water stress effects. Compared to the grass and tree PFTs previously used by CLASSIC to represent the vegetation in Arctic permafrost-affected regions, simulations with the new shrub PFTs better capture the physical and biogeochemical impact of shrubs on the magnitude and seasonality of energy and CO2 fluxes at the dwarf-shrub tundra evaluation site. The revised model, however, tends to overestimate gross primary productivity, particularly in spring, and overestimated late-winter CO2 emissions. On average, annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange was positive for all simulations, suggesting this site was a net CO2 source of 18 +/- 4 g Cm-2 yr(-1) using shrub PFTs, 15 +/- 6 gC m(-2) yr(-1) using grass PFTs, and 25 +/- 5 g Cm-2 yr(-1) using tree PFTs. These results high-light the importance of using appropriate PFTs in process-based models to simulate current and future Arctic surface-atmosphere interactions.[Meyer, Gesa; Melton, Joe R.; Cannon, Alex J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Meyer, Gesa; Humphreys, Elyn R.] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Lafleur, Peter M.] Trent Univ, Sch Environm, Peterborough, ON, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Carleton University; Trent UniversityMeyer, G (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada.;Meyer, G (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.gesa.meyer@canada.caHumphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802; Melton, Joe/0000-0002-9414-064X; Meyer, Gesa/0000-0003-3199-5250Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Knowledge CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Knowledge CanadaThis research was funded through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Polar Knowledge Canada. We thank Steve Matthews, Karin Clark, and the Daring Lake Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Station staff for logistical support; Michael Treberg for field and technical assistance; and graduate and undergraduate students for field assistance. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and Vivek Arora for providing comments on a pre-submission version of the manuscript.10911<180 Day Usage Count>715COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesJUN 22021181132633283
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3263-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3263-202121Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologySO7EXGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006591382000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, North SlaveInuvik, Daring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111703
Snow-Covered Soil Temperature Retrieval in Canadian Arctic Permafrost Areas, Using a Land Surface Scheme Informed with Satellite Remote Sensing Data
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGsoil temperature; permafrost; passive microwave; thermal infrared; snow cover; Land Surface Model; Radiative Transfer Model; Canadian arcticMICROWAVE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR; WATER EQUIVALENT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EMISSION MODEL; BYLOT ISLAND; DENSE MEDIA; WET SOIL; TUNDRA; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONMarchand, N; Royer, A; Krinner, G; Roy, A; Langlois, A; Vargel, CMarchand, Nicolas; Royer, Alain; Krinner, Gerhard; Roy, Alexandre; Langlois, Alexandre; Vargel, CelineEnglishHigh-latitude areas are very sensitive to global warming, which has significant impacts on soil temperatures and associated processes governing permafrost evolution. This study aims to improve first-layer soil temperature retrievals during winter. This key surface state variable is strongly affected by snow's geophysical properties and their associated uncertainties (e.g., thermal conductivity) in land surface climate models. We used infrared MODIS land-surface temperatures (LST) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) brightness temperatures (Tb) at 10.7 and 18.7 GHz to constrain the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), driven by meteorological reanalysis data and coupled with a simple radiative transfer model. The Tb polarization ratio (horizontal/vertical) at 10.7 GHz was selected to improve snowpack density, which is linked to the thermal conductivity representation in the model. Referencing meteorological station soil temperature measurements, we validated the approach at four different sites in the North American tundra over a period of up to 8 years. Results show that the proposed method improves simulations of the soil temperature under snow (Tg) by 64% when using remote sensing (RS) data to constrain the model, compared to model outputs without satellite data information. The root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and simulated Tg under the snow ranges from 1.8 to 3.5 K when using RS data. Improved temporal monitoring of the soil thermal state, along with changes in snow properties, will improve our understanding of the various processes governing soil biological, hydrological, and permafrost evolution.[Marchand, Nicolas; Royer, Alain; Roy, Alexandre; Langlois, Alexandre; Vargel, Celine] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Royer, Alain; Roy, Alexandre; Langlois, Alexandre; Vargel, Celine] Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ G1A, Canada; [Krinner, Gerhard; Vargel, Celine] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; [Roy, Alexandre] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Sci Environm, Trois Rivieres, PQ G8Z 4M3, CanadaUniversity of Sherbrooke; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois RivieresRoyer, A (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.;Royer, A (corresponding author), Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ G1A, Canada.Nicolas.Marchand@USherbrooke.ca; Alain.Royer@USherbrooke.ca; gerhard.krinner@cnrs.fr; Alexandre.Roy@uqtr.ca; Alexandre.Langlois2@USherbrooke.ca; Celine.Vargel@USherbrooke.caKrinner, Gerhard/A-6450-2011; Krinner, Gerhard/AAB-8837-2022Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Krinner, Gerhard/0000-0002-2959-5920; Royer, Alain/0000-0002-6593-2007Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologie (FRQ-NT); French-Quebec collaborative programme (CFQCU)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologie (FRQ-NT); French-Quebec collaborative programme (CFQCU)This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Fonds de recherche du Quebec Nature et Technologie (FRQ-NT), and the French-Quebec collaborative programme (CFQCU).6766<180 Day Usage Count>322MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.NOV20181011
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111703http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1011170318Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyHC3WOGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004517338000340 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllFlight lines crossing the ABOVE domainNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6347-2022
Using atmospheric trace gas vertical profiles to evaluate model fluxes: a case study of Arctic-CAP observations and GEOS simulations for the ABoVE domain
ArticleATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICSAIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; CARBON; CO2; EMISSIONS; UNCERTAINTY; SENSITIVITY; PERMAFROST; MAGNITUDE; EXCHANGE; ALASKASweeney, C; Chatterjee, A; Wolter, S; McKain, K; Bogue, R; Conley, S; Newberger, T; Hu, L; Ott, L; Poulter, B; Schiferl, L; Weir, B; Zhang, Z; Miller, CESweeney, Colm; Chatterjee, Abhishek; Wolter, Sonja; McKain, Kathryn; Bogue, Robert; Conley, Stephen; Newberger, Tim; Hu, Lei; Ott, Lesley; Poulter, Benjamin; Schiferl, Luke; Weir, Brad; Zhang, Zhen; Miller, Charles E.EnglishAccurate estimates of carbon-climate feedbacks require an independent means for evaluating surface flux models at regional scales. The altitude-integrated enhancement (AIE) derived from the Arctic Carbon Atmospheric Profiles (Arctic-CAP) project demonstrates the utility of this bulk quantity for surface flux model evaluation. This bulk quantity leverages background mole fraction values from the middle free troposphere, is agnostic to uncertainties in boundary layer height, and can be derived from model estimates of mole fractions and vertical gradients. To demonstrate the utility of the bulk quantity, six airborne profiling surveys of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) throughout Alaska and northwestern Canada between April and November 2017 were completed as part of NASA's Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). The Arctic-CAP sampling strategy involved acquiring vertical profiles of CO2, CH4, and CO from the surface to 5 km altitude at 25 sites around the ABoVE domain on a 4- to 6-week time interval. All ArcticCAP measurements were compared to a global simulation using the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling system. Comparisons of the AIE bulk quantity from aircraft observations and GEOS simulations of atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO highlight the fidelity of the modeled surface fluxes. The model-data comparison over the ABoVE domain reveals that while current state-of-the-art models and flux estimates are able to capture broad-scale spatial and temporal patterns in near-surface CO2 and CH4 concentrations, more work is needed to resolve fine-scale flux features that are captured in CO observations.[Sweeney, Colm; Wolter, Sonja; McKain, Kathryn; Newberger, Tim; Hu, Lei] NOAA, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; [Chatterjee, Abhishek; Weir, Brad] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA; [Chatterjee, Abhishek; Ott, Lesley; Poulter, Benjamin; Weir, Brad] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Dept Geol Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Wolter, Sonja; McKain, Kathryn; Newberger, Tim; Hu, Lei] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Bogue, Robert; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Conley, Stephen] Sci Aviat, Boulder, CO USA; [Schiferl, Luke; Zhang, Zhen] Columbia Univ, LDEO, New York, NY USA; [Zhang, Zhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Bogue, Robert] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ, CanadaNational Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Universities Space Research Association (USRA); National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Columbia University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; McGill UniversitySweeney, C (corresponding author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.colm.sweeney@noaa.govPoulter, Ben/ABB-5886-2021; McKain, Kathryn/AAG-9135-2019; Sweeney, Colm/AAE-9291-2019; Chatterjee, Abhishek/E-6296-2017Poulter, Ben/0000-0002-9493-8600; McKain, Kathryn/0000-0002-8323-5758; Weir, Brad/0000-0001-6160-0577; Chatterjee, Abhishek/0000-0002-3680-0160; Bogue, Robert/0000-0001-5921-0561NASA [NNX17AC61A, NNX17AD69A]; NASA [1003221, NNX17AC61A, 1003113, NNX17AD69A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This research has been supported by NASA (grant nos. NNX17AC61A and NNX17AD69A).7311<180 Day Usage Count>25COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1680-73161680-7324ATMOS CHEM PHYSAtmos. Chem. Phys.MAY 17202222963476364
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6347-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6347-202218Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences1H3TZgold, Green Submitted2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007964691000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North SlaveIn the vicinity of Fort Simpson and YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020234
Aboveground Biomass Allocation of Boreal Shrubs and Short-Stature Trees in Northwestern Canada
ArticleFORESTSclimate change; northern ecosystems; gross primary production; carbon cycling; permafrost; forest; peatlandDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST; CARBON; EQUATIONS; ENERGYFlade, L; Hopkinson, C; Chasmer, LFlade, Linda; Hopkinson, Christopher; Chasmer, LauraEnglishIn this follow-on study on aboveground biomass of shrubs and short-stature trees, we provide plant component aboveground biomass (herein 'AGB') as well as plant component AGB allometric models for five common boreal shrub and four common boreal short-stature tree genera/species. The analyzed plant components consist of stem, branch, and leaf organs. We found similar ratios of component biomass to total AGB for stems, branches, and leaves amongst shrubs and deciduous tree genera/species across the southern Northwest Territories, while the evergreen Picea genus differed in the biomass allocation to aboveground plant organs compared to the deciduous genera/species. Shrub component AGB allometric models were derived using the three-dimensional variable volume as predictor, determined as the sum of line-intercept cover, upper foliage width, and maximum height above ground. Tree component AGB was modeled using the cross-sectional area of the stem diameter as predictor variable, measured at 0.30 m along the stem length. For shrub component AGB, we achieved better model fits for stem biomass (60.33 g <= RMSE <= 163.59 g; 0.651 <= R-2 <= 0.885) compared to leaf biomass (12.62 g <= RMSE <= 35.04 g; 0.380 <= R-2 <= 0.735), as has been reported by others. For short-stature trees, leaf biomass predictions resulted in similar model fits (18.21 g <= RMSE <= 70.0 g; 0.702 <= R-2 <= 0.882) compared to branch biomass (6.88 g <= RMSE <= 45.08 g; 0.736 <= R-2 <= 0.923) and only slightly better model fits for stem biomass (30.87 g <= RMSE <= 11.72 g; 0.887 <= R-2 <= 0.960), which suggests that leaf AGB of short-stature trees (<4.5 m) can be more accurately predicted using cross-sectional area as opposed to diameter at breast height for tall-stature trees. Our multi-species shrub and short-stature tree allometric models showed promising results for predicting plant component AGB, which can be utilized for remote sensing applications where plant functional types cannot always be distinguished. This study provides critical information on plant AGB allocation as well as component AGB modeling, required for understanding boreal AGB and aboveground carbon pools within the dynamic and rapidly changing Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield ecozones. In addition, the structural information and component AGB equations are important for integrating shrubs and short-stature tree AGB into carbon accounting strategies in order to improve our understanding of the rapidly changing boreal ecosystem function.[Flade, Linda; Hopkinson, Christopher; Chasmer, Laura] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, 4401 Univ Dr West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaUniversity of LethbridgeFlade, L (corresponding author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, 4401 Univ Dr West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.linda.flade@uleth.ca; c.hopkinson@uleth.ca; laura.chasmer@uleth.caChasmer, Laura/0000-0002-8062-1530; hopkinson, chris/0000-0002-3998-4778; Flade, Linda/0000-0001-7376-582XNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Lethbridge; Canadian Foundation of InnovationNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); University of Lethbridge; Canadian Foundation of Innovation(Canada Foundation for Innovation)This research was funded by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)-Discovery Grants to Dr. Laura Chasmer and Dr. Christopher Hopkinson. Funding for field work has been provided by a start-up grant to Dr. Laura Chasmer from the University of Lethbridge. Further funding was provided by the Canadian Foundation of Innovation Award to Dr. Christopher Hopkinson.3200<180 Day Usage Count>19MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND1999-4907FORESTSForestsFEB2021122
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020234http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f1202023412ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryQN6AWgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0006225407000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North SlaveIn the vicinity of Fort Simpson, Fort Liard, and YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111207
Allometric Equations for Shrub and Short-Stature Tree Aboveground Biomass within Boreal Ecosystems of Northwestern Canada
ArticleFORESTSshrub biomass; tree biomass; climate change; northern ecosystems; ecosystem change; discontinuous permafrost; sporadic permafrost; forest; peatlandFORESTFlade, L; Hopkinson, C; Chasmer, LFlade, Linda; Hopkinson, Christopher; Chasmer, LauraEnglishAboveground biomass (AGB) of short-stature shrubs and trees contain a substantial part of the total carbon pool within boreal ecosystems. These ecosystems, however, are changing rapidly due to climate-mediated atmospheric changes, with overall observed decline in woody plant AGB in boreal northwestern Canada. Allometric equations provide a means to quantify woody plant AGB and are useful to understand aboveground carbon stocks as well as changes through time in unmanaged boreal ecosystems. In this paper, we provide allometric equations, regression coefficients, and error statistics to quantify total AGB of shrubs and short-stature trees. We provide species- and genus-specific as well as multispecies allometric models for shrub and tree species commonly found in northwestern boreal forest and peatland ecosystems. We found that the three-dimensional field variable (volume) provided the most accurate prediction of shrub multispecies AGB (R-2 = 0.79, p < 0.001), as opposed to the commonly used one-dimensional variable (basal diameter) measured on the longest and thickest stem (R-2 = 0.23, p < 0.001). Short-stature tree AGB was most accurately predicted by stem diameter measured at 0.3 m along the stem length (R-2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) rather than stem length (R-2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Via the two-dimensional variable cross-sectional area, small-stature shrub AGB was combined with small-stature tree AGB within one single allometric model (R-2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). The AGB models provided in this paper will improve our understanding of shrub and tree AGB within rapidly changing boreal environments.[Flade, Linda; Hopkinson, Christopher; Chasmer, Laura] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, 4401 Univ Dr West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, CanadaUniversity of LethbridgeFlade, L (corresponding author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Geog & Environm, 4401 Univ Dr West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.linda.flade@uleth.ca; c.hopkinson@uleth.ca; laura.chasmer@uleth.caChasmer, Laura/0000-0002-8062-1530; hopkinson, chris/0000-0002-3998-4778; Flade, Linda/0000-0001-7376-582XNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); University of Lethbridge; Canadian Foundation of Innovation AwardNational Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); University of Lethbridge; Canadian Foundation of Innovation AwardThis research was funded by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)-Discovery Grants to Laura Chasmer and Christopher Hopkinson and a start-up grant provided to Laura Chasmer by the University of Lethbridge. Further funding was provided by the Canadian Foundation of Innovation Award to Christopher Hopkinson.271213<180 Day Usage Count>111MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND1999-4907FORESTSForestsNOV20201111
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111207http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f1111120716ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryOX9DBgold2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005938553000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaRichards IslandNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0021
Arctic coastal erosion: UAV-SfM data collection strategies for planimetric and volumetric measurements
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEUAV-SfM; Arctic coastal erosion; oblique imagery; coastal retrogressive thaw slump; volumetric coastal erosionSTRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; BEAUFORT SEA COAST; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST COASTS; YUKON-TERRITORY; HERSCHEL ISLAND; ACCURACY; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; CARBON; VARIABILITYClark, A; Moorman, B; Whalen, D; Fraser, PClark, Andrew; Moorman, Brian; Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, PaulEnglishAbove average warming in the Arctic is leading to increasing permafrost temperatures and a reduction in sea ice cover, which are expected to contribute to increasing rates of Arctic coastal erosion and sediment release. We studied a 1.5 km stretch of coastline off Richard's Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, consisting of multiple retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) with varying degrees of activity over a one-year period. Multi-temporal 2D and 3D geomorphic analysis was based on unmanned aerial vehicle-Structure-from-Motion (UAV-SfM) data sets collected in 2018 and 2019. Over the observation period, -3.9 m and -1.1 m of planimetric cliff edge and toe retreat occurred, respectively, and corresponded to an average volumetric change of 8.1 m(3) m(-1). The accuracy of UAV-SfM-derived digital elevation models was tested using 12 data collection and processing scenarios, testing the influence of off-nadir camera angle, flight pattern, and georeferencing strategy. We found that oblique imaging and georeferencing strategy had a large influence on vertical accuracy and variability across the study site and has implications for studying volumetric changes in RTSs. This study furthers the geomorphological understanding of RTS processes by high-lighting the complex relationship between planimetric and volumetric change along rapidly retreating Arctic coasts, and demonstrates advancements in measurement practices for UAV-SfM data sets.[Clark, Andrew; Moorman, Brian] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [Clark, Andrew] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Sch Climate Change & Adaptat, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada; [Whalen, Dustin; Fraser, Paul] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, CanadaUniversity of Calgary; University of Prince Edward Island; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaClark, A (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.;Clark, A (corresponding author), Univ Prince Edward Isl, Sch Climate Change & Adaptat, 550 Univ Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.andrew.clark1@ucalgary.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Scientific Training Program; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) program - Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Scientific Training Program; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) program - Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience ProgramThis research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery grant and Northern Supplement to B. Moorman. A. Clark was supported by the Polar Knowledge Canada Northern Scientific Training Program. This project received funding from the Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) Beaufort Sea Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment (BRSEA) program, supported by the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Climate Change Geoscience Program with logistical support provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program. The authors would like to acknowledge Pedro Freitas for assisting with field work in June 2019 and Adam Fenech of the University of Prince Edward Island Climate Research Lab for equipment support for the 2018 and 2019 field campaigns. We thank Paul Nesbitt for helpful discussions during project planning and throughout. Finally, we thank the Associate Editor and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that have helped improve this manuscript throughout.8477<180 Day Usage Count>318CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP202173
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0021http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-002129Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsUE9XAgold2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0006882345000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113228
Arctic shrub expansion revealed by Landsat-derived multitemporal vegetation cover fractions in the Western Canadian Arctic
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTTundra; Vegetation change; Shrubification; Greening; Spectral unmixing; Mackenzie DeltaDIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; TUNDRA VEGETATION; TIME-SERIES; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; MACKENZIE DELTA; REGRESSION; DYNAMICS; TREE; FOREST; CLASSIFICATIONNill, L; Grunberg, I; Ullmann, T; Gessner, M; Boike, J; Hostert, PNill, Leon; Grunberg, Inge; Ullmann, Tobias; Gessner, Matthias; Boike, Julia; Hostert, PatrickEnglishWarming induced shifts in tundra vegetation composition and structure, including circumpolar expansion of shrubs, modifies ecosystem structure and functioning with potentially global consequences due to feedback mechanisms between vegetation and climate. Satellite-derived vegetation indices indicate widespread greening of the surface, often associated with regional evidence of shrub expansion obtained from long-term ecological monitoring and repeated orthophotos. However, explicitly quantifying shrub expansion across large scales using satellite observations requires characterising the fine-scale mosaic of Arctic vegetation types beyond index-based approaches. Although previous studies have illustrated the potential of estimating fractional cover of various Plant Functional Types (PFTs) from satellite imagery, limited availability of reference data across space and time has constrained deriving fraction cover time series capable of detecting shrub expansion. We applied regressionbased unmixing using synthetic training data to build multitemporal machine learning models in order to estimate fractional cover of shrubs and other surface components in the Mackenzie Delta Region for six time intervals between 1984 and 2020. We trained Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models using Landsat-derived spectral-temporal-metrics and synthetic training data generated from pure class spectra obtained directly from the imagery. Independent validation using very-high-resolution imagery suggested that KRR outperforms RFR, estimating shrub cover with a MAE of 10.6% and remaining surface components with MAEs between 3.0 and 11.2%. Canopy-forming shrubs were well modelled across all cover densities, coniferous tree cover tended to be overestimated and differentiating between herbaceous and lichen cover was challenging. Shrub cover expanded by on average + 2.2% per decade for the entire study area and + 4.2% per decade within the low Arctic tundra, while relative changes were strongest in the northernmost regions. In conjunction with shrub expansion, we observed herbaceous plant and lichen cover decline. Our results corroborate the perception of the replacement and homogenisation of Arctic vegetation communities facilitated by the competitive advantage of shrub species under a warming climate. The proposed method allows for multidecadal quantitative estimates of fractional cover at 30 m resolution, initiating new opportunities for mapping past and present fractional cover of tundra PFTs and can help advance our understanding of Arctic shrub expansion within the vast and heterogeneous tundra biome.[Nill, Leon; Boike, Julia; Hostert, Patrick] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Unter Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Grunberg, Inge; Boike, Julia] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Geosci, Permafrost Res, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Ullmann, Tobias] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol Phys Geog, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany; [Gessner, Matthias] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Opt Sensor Syst, Sensor Concepts & Applicat, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; [Hostert, Patrick] Humboldt Univ, Integrat Res Inst Transformat Human Environm Syst, Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, GermanyHumboldt University of Berlin; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Wurzburg; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); Humboldt University of BerlinNill, L (corresponding author), Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Unter Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany.leon.nill@geo.hu-berlin.de; inge.gruenberg@awi.de; tobias.ullmann@uni-wuerzburg.de; matthias.gessner@dlr.de; julia.boike@awi.de; patrick.hostert@geo.hu-berlin.deGrunberg, Inge/0000-0002-5748-8102; Nill, Leon/0000-0002-4273-7807Helmholtz Incubator on Information and Data Science [ZT-I-PF-4-001]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [329721376]Helmholtz Incubator on Information and Data Science; German Research Foundation (DFG)(German Research Foundation (DFG))This research contributes to the Global Land Programme (https://glp.earth/) and to the Landsat Science Team 2018-2023 (https:// www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/nli/landsat/landsat-science-teams) . Inge Gr?nberg was funded by Helmholtz Imaging, a platform of the Helmholtz Incubator on Infor-mation and Data Science [grant number: ZT-I-PF-4-001] . Field work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) [grant number: 329721376] . We thank three anonymous reviewers for contributing constructive feedback and suggestions to the manuscript.12811<180 Day Usage Count>1010ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.NOV2022281
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113228http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.1132282022-09-01 00:00:0020Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology4Z7YQhybrid, Green Published2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008624195000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192329
Assessing Spatiotemporal Variations of Landsat Land Surface Temperature and Multispectral Indices in the Arctic Mackenzie Delta Region between 1985 and 2018
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGLST; thermal remote sensing; Landsat time series; arctic greening; Google Earth EngineDIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; DETECTING LANDSCAPE CHANGES; MONO-WINDOW ALGORITHM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREND ANALYSIS; EMISSIVITY RETRIEVAL; THAW SLUMPS; TANDEM-X; VEGETATION; PERMAFROSTNill, L; Ullmann, T; Kneisel, C; Sobiech-Wolf, J; Baumhauer, RNill, Leon; Ullmann, Tobias; Kneisel, Christof; Sobiech-Wolf, Jennifer; Baumhauer, RolandEnglishAir temperatures in the Arctic have increased substantially over the last decades, which has extensively altered the properties of the land surface. Capturing the state and dynamics of Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) at high spatial detail is of high interest as LST is dependent on a variety of surficial properties and characterizes the land-atmosphere exchange of energy. Accordingly, this study analyses the influence of different physical surface properties on the long-term mean of the summer LST in the Arctic Mackenzie Delta Region (MDR) using Landsat 30 m-resolution imagery between 1985 and 2018 by taking advantage of the cloud computing capabilities of the Google Earth Engine. Multispectral indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Tasseled Cap greenness (TCG), brightness (TCB), and wetness (TCW) as well as topographic features derived from the TanDEM-X digital elevation model are used in correlation and multiple linear regression analyses to reveal their influence on the LST. Furthermore, surface alteration trends of the LST, NDVI, and NDWI are revealed using the Theil-Sen (T-S) regression method. The results indicate that the mean summer LST appears to be mostly influenced by the topographic exposition as well as the prevalent moisture regime where higher evapotranspiration rates increase the latent heat flux and cause a cooling of the surface, as the variance is best explained by the TCW and northness of the terrain. However, fairly diverse model outcomes for different regions of the MDR (R-2 from 0.31 to 0.74 and RMSE from 0.51 degrees C to 1.73 degrees C) highlight the heterogeneity of the landscape in terms of influential factors and suggests accounting for a broad spectrum of different factors when modeling mean LSTs. The T-S analysis revealed large-scale wetting and greening trends with a mean decadal increase of the NDVI/NDWI of approximately +0.03 between 1985 and 2018, which was mostly accompanied by a cooling of the land surface given the inverse relationship between mean LSTs and vegetation and moisture conditions. Disturbance through wildfires intensifies the surface alterations locally and lead to significantly cooler LSTs in the long-term compared to the undisturbed surroundings.[Nill, Leon; Ullmann, Tobias; Kneisel, Christof; Baumhauer, Roland] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany; [Sobiech-Wolf, Jennifer] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bussestr 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyUniversity of Wurzburg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine ResearchNill, L (corresponding author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Geog & Geol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.leon.nill@hu-berlin.de; tobias.ullmann@uni-wuerzburg.de; kneisel@uni-wuerzburg.de; jennifer.sobiech-wolf@awi.de; baumhauer@uni-wuerzburg.deUllmann, Tobias/AAR-7774-2020Ullmann, Tobias/0000-0002-6626-3052; Nill, Leon/0000-0002-4273-7807German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-DFG) [329721376]German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-DFG)(German Research Foundation (DFG))This research was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-DFG) within the project Multi-Scale Characterization of Polar Permafrost Landscapes by Airborne and Satellite Remote Sensing and In-Situ Geophysical Measurements under grant number 329721376.761718<180 Day Usage Count>332MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.OCT20191119
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192329http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1119232926Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyJN3VHgold, Green Submitted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004968271001430 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTNorth SlaveTibbett to Contwoyto Winter RoadNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1830-x
Climate change and the long-term viability of the World's busiest heavy haul ice road
ArticleTHEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGYREGIONAL CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; SCENARIOS; STABILIZATION; STATES; FLOWSMullan, D; Swindles, G; Patterson, T; Galloway, J; Macumber, A; Falck, H; Crossley, L; Chen, J; Pisaric, MMullan, Donal; Swindles, Graeme; Patterson, Tim; Galloway, Jennifer; Macumber, Andrew; Falck, Hendrik; Crossley, Laura; Chen, Jie; Pisaric, MichaelEnglishClimate models project that the northern high latitudes will warm at a rate in excess of the global mean. This will pose severe problems for Arctic and sub-Arctic infrastructure dependent on maintaining low temperatures for structural integrity. This is the case for the economically important Tibbitt to Contwoyto Winter Road (TCWR)-the world's busiest heavy haul ice road, spanning 400 km across mostly frozen lakes within the Northwest Territories of Canada. In this study, future climate scenarios are developed for the region using statistical downscaling methods. In addition, changes in lake ice thickness are projected based on historical relationships between measured ice thickness and air temperatures. These projections are used to infer the theoretical operational dates of the TCWR based on weight limits for trucks on the ice. Results across three climate models driven by four RCPs reveal a considerable warming trend over the coming decades. Projected changes in ice thickness reveal a trend towards thinner lake ice and a reduced time window when lake ice is at sufficient thickness to support trucks on the ice road, driven by increasing future temperatures. Given the uncertainties inherent in climate modelling and the resultant projections, caution should be exercised in interpreting the magnitude of these scenarios. More certain is the direction of change, with a clear trend towards winter warming that will reduce the operation time window of the TCWR. This illustrates the need for planners and policymakers to consider future changes in climate when planning annual haulage along the TCWR.[Mullan, Donal] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland; [Swindles, Graeme] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, Yorks, England; [Patterson, Tim; Macumber, Andrew] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Galloway, Jennifer] Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A, Canada; [Falck, Hendrik] Northwest Terr Geosci Off, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2R3, Canada; [Crossley, Laura] Univ Southampton, Sch Geog & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Chen, Jie] Univ Quebec, Dept Construct Engn, Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Pisaric, Michael] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaQueens University Belfast; University of Leeds; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Southampton; University of Quebec; Ecole de Technologie Superieure - Canada; University of Quebec Montreal; Carleton UniversityMullan, D (corresponding author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Geog Archaeol & Palaeoecol, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.D.Mullan@qub.ac.ukSwindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Pisaric, Michael/0000-0003-3806-8986; galloway, jennifer/0000-0002-4548-6396; Mullan, Donal/0000-0002-6363-3150; Macumber, Andrew L/0000-0001-6212-0655Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)The authors acknowledge financial support from Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) for making this study possible. We are grateful to Environment Canada for the temperature, precipitation and lake ice thickness data. Finally, we thank the contributors to the Climate Explorer site for the provision of modelled climate data used in this paper.693333<180 Day Usage Count>218SPRINGER WIENWIENSACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA0177-798X1434-4483THEOR APPL CLIMATOLTheor. Appl. Climatol.AUG201712910891108
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1830-xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1830-x20Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesFB4PGGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004061234000270 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, Dehcho, North Slave, South SlaveInuvik, Fort Simpson, Fort Liard, Yellowknife, Fort Resolution, Fort SmithNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05446-w
Combining deep sequencing and conventional molecular approaches reveals broad diversity and distribution of fleas and Bartonella in rodents and shrews from Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems
ArticlePARASITES & VECTORSZoonoses; Bartonella; Vector-borne disease; Fleas; Rodents; Arctic; Subarctic; CanadaLEMMING POPULATION; INFECTING RODENTS; HENSELAE; SIPHONAPTERA; ENDOCARDITIS; DNA; BERKHOFFII; PATHOGENS; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICSBuhler, KJ; Fernando, C; Hill, JE; Galloway, T; Carriere, S; Fenton, H; Fauteux, D; Jenkins, EJBuhler, Kayla J.; Fernando, Champika; Hill, Janet E.; Galloway, Terry; Carriere, Suzanne; Fenton, Heather; Fauteux, Dominique; Jenkins, Emily J.EnglishBackground: Bartonella are intracellular bacteria that are transmitted via animal scratches, bites and hematophagous arthropods. Rodents and their associated fleas play a key role in the maintenance of Bartonella worldwide, with > 22 species identified in rodent hosts. No studies have addressed the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella species and vectors for small mammals in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems, which are increasingly impacted by invasive species and climate change. Methods: In this study, we characterized the diversity of rodent fleas using conventional PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II gene (COII) and Bartonella species in rodents and shrews (n = 505) from northern Canada using conventional PCR targeting the ITS (intergenic transcribed spacer) region and gltA (citrate synthase) gene. Metagenomic sequencing of a portion of the gltA gene was completed on a subset of 42 rodents and four rodent flea pools. Results: Year, total summer precipitation the year prior to sampling, average minimum spring temperature and small mammal species were significant factors in predicting Bartonella positivity. Occurrence based on the ITS region was more than double that of the gltA gene and was 34% (n = 349) in northern red-backed voles, 35% (n = 20) in meadow voles, 37% (n = 68) in deer mice and 31% (n = 59) in shrews. Six species of Bartonella were identified with the ITS region, including B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, B. washoensis, Candidatus B. rudakovii, B. doshiae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and subsp. arupensis. In addition, 47% (n = 49/105) of ITS amplicons had < 97% identity to sequences in GenBank, possibly due to a limited reference library or previously unreported species. An additional Bartonella species (B. heixiaziensis) was detected during metagenomic sequencing of the gltA gene in 6/11 rodents that had ITS sequences with < 97% identity in GenBank, highlighting that a limited reference library for the ITS marker likely accounted for low sequence similarity in our specimens. In addition, one flea pool from a northern red-backed vole contained multiple species (B. grahamii and B. heixiaziensis). Conclusion: Our study calls attention to the usefulness of a combined approach to determine the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella communities in hosts and vectors.[Buhler, Kayla J.; Fernando, Champika; Hill, Janet E.; Jenkins, Emily J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Western Coll Vet Med, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; [Galloway, Terry] Univ Manitoba, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Dept Entomol, 12 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Carriere, Suzanne; Fenton, Heather] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, 5th Floor Scotiabank Ctr,POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada; [Fenton, Heather] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi; [Fauteux, Dominique] Canadian Museum Nat, Ctr Arctic Knowledge & Explorat, 1740 Chemin Pink, Gatineau, PQ J9J 3N7, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of ManitobaBuhler, KJ (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Vet Microbiol, Western Coll Vet Med, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.kab048@usask.caBuhler, Kayla/0000-0001-9520-8784; Fauteux, Dominique/0000-0001-5373-8701; Fenton, Heather/0000-0002-0190-8921NSERC Discovery Grant; Northern Research Supplement [NRS-2018-517969, RGPIN-2018-04900]; Weston Family Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; WCVM's Widlife Health Research Fund; ArcticNet and Polar Knowledge Canada [NST-1718-0012]NSERC Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Research Supplement; Weston Family Foundation; Northern Scientific Training Program; WCVM's Widlife Health Research Fund; ArcticNet and Polar Knowledge CanadaNSERC Discovery Grant and Northern Research Supplement (NRS-2018-517969 and RGPIN-2018-04900), WYeston Family Foundation, Northern Scientific Training Program, WCVM's Widlife Health Research Fund, ArcticNet and Polar Knowledge Canada (NST-1718-0012).6211<180 Day Usage Count>44BMCLONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1756-3305PARASITE VECTORParasites VectorsOCT 132022151
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05446-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05446-w14Parasitology; Tropical MedicineScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Parasitology; Tropical Medicine5H4UX36229832Green Published, gold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0008676767000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North SlaveDiscontinuous permafrost zone to the west of YellowknifeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001631
Comparison of Surface Subsidence Measured by Airborne and Satellite InSAR Over Permafrost Areas Near Yellowknife Canada
ArticleEARTH AND SPACE SCIENCEUAVSAR; satellite InSAR; surface subsidence; permafrost; Arctic and BorealTHAW SUBSIDENCE; TERRASAR-X; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; LANDSLIDE; CLIMATE; BARROW; DEGRADATION; INTEGRATION; ALASKAXu, XY; Liu, L; Schaefer, K; Michaelides, RXu, Xingyu; Liu, Lin; Schaefer, Kevin; Michaelides, RogerEnglishIn addition to spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), airborne data such as those obtained by the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) have also been utilized to measure surface subsidence in permafrost areas in recent years. Motivated by the integration of multiplatform InSAR data, we generated two UAVSAR interferograms and one Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-2 L-band interferogram over a permafrost area near Yellowknife, Canada, then compared the surface subsidence in the thaw seasons of 2017. The correlation coefficient and the root mean square error (RMSE) of subsidence difference are calculated to compare the airborne and spaceborne InSAR measurements. The results demonstrate that the two UAVSAR measurements are self-consistent, with the correlation coefficient between independent airborne measurements similar to 0.7. While the RMSE of the difference between surface subsidence measured by UAVSAR and ALOS2 is similar to 2.0 cm, and the correlation coefficients are less than 0.41, that is, a noticeable deviation exists between the UAVSAR and ALOS2 results possibly due to different spatial resolution and the calibration processing of airborne and spaceborne InSAR data. In addition, both UAVSAR and ALOS2 interferograms show larger surface subsidence within taiga needleleaf forest regions than in regions of other biome types (including needleleaf forest, shrubland, and grassland). The results demonstrate that a scheme for the elimination of systematic differences needs to be developed before merging multisource InSAR results. This intercomparison will provide valuable insights for narrowing the gap between radar-based measurements and planning the integration of airborne and satellite InSAR measurements in permafrost environments.[Xu, Xingyu; Liu, Lin] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Fac Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Cooperat & Ditute Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Michaelides, Roger] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USAChinese University of Hong Kong; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Colorado School of MinesXu, XY (corresponding author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Earth Syst Sci Programme, Fac Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.xuxingyu@link.cuhk.edu.hkLiu, Lin/Q-4237-2018Liu, Lin/0000-0002-9581-1337; Xu, Xingyu/0000-0003-4651-4480; SCHAEFER, KEVIN/0000-0002-5444-9917; Michaelides, Roger/0000-0002-7577-6829Hong Kong Research Grants Council [CUHK 14303119, HKPFS PF18-21555]; NASA [NNX17AC59A]Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Hong Kong Research Grants Council); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))Great thanks to editors and two reviewers for their constructive suggestions and insightful comments. This study is supported by the following funders: the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (CUHK 14303119 and HKPFS PF18-21555), and NASA Grant NNX17AC59A.5200<180 Day Usage Count>19AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2333-5084EARTH SPACE SCIEarth Space Sci.JUN202186
e2020EA001631
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001631http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020EA00163115Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Astronomy & Astrophysics; GeologyTB3XY34435076gold, Green Published2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006678813000200 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaHavikpak CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.042
Diagnosis of the hydrology of a small Arctic basin at the tundra-taiga transition using a physically based hydrological model
ArticleJOURNAL OF HYDROLOGYArctic; Mass balance; Hydrological modelling; Permafrost; Sensitivity analysis; Snow hydrologyWOLF CREEK BASIN; SNOWMELT INFILTRATION; PERMAFROST HYDROLOGY; ENERGY-BALANCE; BOREAL FOREST; WATER-BALANCE; ACTIVE LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; CLIMATE; RAINFALLKrogh, SA; Pomeroy, JW; Marsh, PKrogh, Sebastian A.; Pomeroy, John W.; Marsh, PhilipEnglishA better understanding of cold regions hydrological processes and regimes in transitional environments is critical for predicting future Arctic freshwater fluxes under climate and vegetation change. A physically based hydrological model using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model platform was created for a small Arctic basin in the tundra-taiga transition region. The model represents snow redistribution and sublimation by wind and vegetation, snowmelt energy budget, evapotranspiration, subsurface flow through organic terrain, infiltration to frozen soils, freezing and thawing of soils, permafrost and streamflow routing. The model was used to reconstruct the basin water cycle over 28 years to understand and quantify the mass fluxes controlling its hydrological regime. Model structure and parameters were set from the current understanding of Arctic hydrology, remote sensing, field research in the basin and region, and calibration against streamflow observations. Calibration was restricted to subsurface hydraulic and storage parameters. Multi-objective evaluation of the model using observed streamflow, snow accumulation and ground freeze/thaw state showed adequate simulation. Significant spatial variability in the winter mass fluxes was found between tundra, shrubs and forested sites, particularly due to the substantial blowing snow redistribution and sublimation from the wind-swept upper basin, as well as sublimation of canopy intercepted snow from the forest (about 17% of snowfall). At the basin scale, the model showed that evapotranspiration is the largest loss of water (47%), followed by streamflow (39%) and sublimation (14%). The models streamflow performance sensitivity to a set of parameter was analysed, as well as the mean annual mass balance uncertainty associated with these parameters. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.[Krogh, Sebastian A.; Pomeroy, John W.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, 117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityKrogh, SA (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, 117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada.seba.krogh@usask.ca; john.pomeroy@usask.ca; philip.marsh@outlook.comKrogh, Sebastian/AAH-4110-2019; Pomeroy, John W/A-8589-2013Pomeroy, John W/0000-0002-4782-7457; Krogh, Sebastian/0000-0003-2663-7088CONICYT under the BECAS CHILE scholarship program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; NSERC Discovery Grants; Canada Research Chairs; Yukon EnvironmentCONICYT under the BECAS CHILE scholarship program; NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network; NSERC Discovery Grants(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Yukon EnvironmentThe authors thank Environment and Climate Change Canada's Meteorological Survey of Canada and Water Survey of Canada for providing the data used in this study, Tom Brown of the Centre for Hydrology for proving technical support with the CRHM platform, Lucia Scaff of GIWS (Global Institute for Water Security) for improving figures and drawing the sketch used in Fig. 3, and Dr. Saman Razavi of GIWS for providing the VARS framework for the sensitivity analysis. Funding for this study was provided by CONICYT under the BECAS CHILE scholarship program, NSERC Changing Cold Regions Network, NSERC Discovery Grants, Canada Research Chairs and Yukon Environment. The authors acknowledge the skilled efforts of many government field technicians, including Mr. Cuyler Onclin, to collect field data in this challenging environment over many years. Three anonymous reviewers and Vadim Kuzmin provided comments that greatly improved the manuscript.1143839<180 Day Usage Count>026ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0022-16941879-2707J HYDROLJ. Hydrol.JUL2017550685703
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.042http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.04219Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Geology; Water ResourcesEZ6GIhybrid2023-03-04 00:00:00WOS:0004048160000530 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157677
Estimation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and its controlling factors in Beaufort Sea using mixture density network and Sentinel-3 data
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTChromophoric dissolved organic matter; Beaufort Sea; Sentinel-3; Mixture density networkARCTIC-OCEAN; OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS; MACKENZIE RIVER; INLAND WATERS; CARBON; CDOM; SATELLITE; MELTHuang, J; Chen, JJ; Wu, M; Gong, LJ; Zhang, XHuang, Jue; Chen, Junjie; Wu, Ming; Gong, Lijiao; Zhang, XiangEnglishWith the warming of the high-latitude regional climate, melting of permafrost, and acceleration of hydrological cycles, the Arctic Ocean (AO) has undergone a series of rapid changes in the past decades. As a dominant optical component of the AO, the variations in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentration affect the physiological state marine organisms. In this study, machine learning retrieval model based on in situ data and mixture density network (MDN) was developed. Compared to other models, MDN model performed better on test data (R-2 = 0.83, and root mean squared error = 0.22 m(-1)) and was applied to Sentinel-3 OLCI data. Afterward, the spatiotemporal distribution of CDOM during the ice-free (June-September) from 2016 to 2020 in the Beaufort Sea was obtained. CDOM concentration generally exhibited an upward trend. The maximum monthly average CDOM concentration appeared in June and gradually decreased thereafter, reaching its lowest value in September of each year. The maximum value appeared in June 2020 (0.91 m(-1)), and the minimum value was observed in September 2017 (0.81 m(-1)). The CDOM concentration nearshore was higher than that in other areas; and gradually decreased from offshore to the open sea. CDOM was highly correlated with salinity (R-2 = 0.49) and discharge (R-2 = 0.53), and the tight correlation between salinity and CDOM further suggested that terrestrial inputs were the main source of CDOM in the Beaufort Sea. However, sea level pressure contributed to the spatial variations in CDOM. When southerly wind prevailed and wind direction was aligned with the CDOM diffusion direction, the wind accelerated the diffusion of CDOM into the open sea. Meanwhile, seawater was diluted by the sea ice melting, resulting in decrease in CDOM concentration. Herein, this paper proposed a robust and near real-time method for CDOM monitoring and influence factor analysis, which would promote the understanding of AO CDOM budgets.[Huang, Jue; Chen, Junjie; Gong, Lijiao; Zhang, Xiang] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geodesy & Geomatics, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China; [Wu, Ming] Zhejiang Univ, Ocean Coll, Zhoushan 310027, Peoples R ChinaShandong University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang UniversityHuang, J (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geodesy & Geomatics, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.huangjue@sdust.edu.cnNational Natural Science Foundation of China [42076185, 41706194]; SDUST Research Fund [2019TDJH103]National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); SDUST Research FundThis study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42076185 and 41706194) and SDUST Research Fund (2019TDJH103) . We thank the ESA for providing Sentinel -3 images and their processing tools. Auxiliary data used in this study are available at the National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (https://psl.noaa.gov) , and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (https://nsidc.org) . We thank the PANGAEA Data Publisher (https:// www.pangaea.de/) for its shared data support.5900<180 Day Usage Count>3435ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.NOV 252022849
157677
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157677http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1576772022-08-01 00:00:0012Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology5B1DR359266332023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0008633164000030 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, DehchoMackenzie ValleyNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.1596596
Freshwater cumulative effects and environmental assessment in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories: challenges and decision-maker needs
ArticleIMPACT ASSESSMENT AND PROJECT APPRAISALCumulative effects; environmental assessment; monitoring; decision making; Northwest Territories; Mackenzie ValleyCANADA; SCALE; OPPORTUNITIES; COMPONENTS; LESSONSArnold, LM; Hanna, K; Noble, BArnold, Lauren M.; Hanna, Kevin; Noble, BramEnglishThere is a recognized need to advance cumulative effects assessment to regional and ecologically meaningful scales, but such initiatives are often critiqued for being isolated from management contexts and the regulatory practices of project-based environmental assessment. A major challenge is that there has been limited attention devoted to understanding decision-making at the project level, and the value of monitoring data to support cumulative effects analysis. This article examines how cumulative effects are considered during environmental assessment decision-making within the context of freshwater management in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories. Interviews with representatives from organizations involved in environmental assessment, regulation, and monitoring are used to identify challenges to applying information about cumulative effects at the project scale. Results reinforce the need for regional approaches and improvements in information and monitoring capacities to support cumulative effects analysis, but also the need to address institutional and organizational deficiencies to ensure that the data and information generated are useful to and applied within project-based decision-making.[Arnold, Lauren M.; Hanna, Kevin] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Environm Assessment Res, Kelowna, BC, Canada; [Noble, Bram] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog & Planning, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUniversity of British Columbia; University of SaskatchewanArnold, LM (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Environm Assessment Res, Kelowna, BC, Canada.lauren.arnold@alumni.ubc.caNoble, Bram/0000-0002-8575-2281Government of Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [CIMP176]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [CGS-Masters]; Polar Knowledge Canada [Northern Scientific Training Program]Government of Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [CGS-Masters]; Polar Knowledge Canada [Northern Scientific Training Program]This work was supported by the Government of Northwest Territories Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [CIMP176]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [CGS-Masters]; Polar Knowledge Canada [Northern Scientific Training Program].5199<180 Day Usage Count>413ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND1461-55171471-5465IMPACT ASSESS PROJ AImpact Assess. Proj. Apprais.NOV 22019376516525
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.1596596http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.15965962019-04-01 00:00:0010Environmental StudiesSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyIY2PH2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0004657833000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaUplands east of InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2031
A model of unfrozen water content and its transport in icy permafrost soils: Effects on ground ice content and permafrost stability
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESgeochemistry; ground ice; modeling; temperature; transient layer; water transportWESTERN ARCTIC COAST; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; UNIVERSITY VALLEY; YUKON-TERRITORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE LAYER; DRY VALLEYS; GEOCHEMISTRY; INUVIKFisher, DA; Lacelle, D; Pollard, WFisher, David A.; Lacelle, Denis; Pollard, WayneEnglishKnowledge of the amount of unfrozen water and its migration in permafrost soils is important for understanding physico-chemical and biological processes. Here, we developed sub-routines in FREZCHEM and embedded them in the WATEREGO2 soil environmental model to: (a) estimate unfrozen water content under changing soil temperatures and water-ice phase changes; and (b) determine the effects of Van der Waals (VdW) and rheological forces driven by seasonal temperature variations on the transport of residual water and the long-term evolution of ground ice content over depths of 30 m. Together, the seasonal thermal regime and associated VdW and rheological forces on the transport of residual water lead to the evolution of distinct zones of ice-enrichment: near the surface of permafrost, at 3-5 m, 11-13 m and 17-19 m depth. The depths of ice enrichment are a function of soil thermal diffusivity, and the time needed to evolve the ground ice content is dependent on soil type, soil water chemistry and permafrost temperature. The model can explain observed variations with depth in ground ice content of icy permafrost soils and indicate that these conditions evolve over time. The findings can be used to assess the stability of permafrost to climate change under different temperature scenarios.[Fisher, David A.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Pollard, Wayne] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; University of Ottawa; McGill UniversityFisher, DA (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada.dafisher2@sympatico.caLacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)511012<180 Day Usage Count>633WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JAN2020311184199
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2031http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.20312019-10-01 00:00:0016Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyKN3TU2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004920874000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2021.1961174
Estimating wind slab thickness in a Tundra snowpack using Ku-band scatterometer observations
ArticleREMOTE SENSING LETTERSCOVER; MICROSTRUCTURE; MODELThompson, A; Kelly, RThompson, Aaron; Kelly, RichardEnglishEstimating snow water equivalent (SWE) in the northern high latitudesis important from climate, ecological and human perspectives since it enables us to track changes in spatiotemporal distribution of snow. The snow in much of this region is described as tundra, comprised of wind slab and depth hoar. Recent work in tundra environments has identified the potential of wind slab to limit radar sensitivity to SWE at 17.2 GHz, which has negative implications for SWE retrievals and demonstrates a need to constrain retrieval parameters. Radar measurements at 17.2 GHz were made in Trail Valley Creek using the University of Waterloo Scatterometer (UWScat), and combined with the Freeman-Durden polarimetric decomposition to address this need by introducing a novel relationship between wind slab thickness and double-bounce scattering, which can be used to constrain wind slab thickness. The relationship strengthens with path length through wind slab and was strong at incidence angles >= 46 degrees and wind slab with thickness >= 19 cm. Wind slab thickness and SWE were estimated with an RMSE of 6.0 cm and 5.5 mm, respectively. This relationship is valid for use in tundra snow with depth hoar. More testing is recommended to determine the maximum detectable wind slab thickness.[Thompson, Aaron; Kelly, Richard] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of WaterlooThompson, A (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada.a4thomps@uwaterloo.caThompson, Aaron/0000-0002-4961-3719; Kelly, Richard/0000-0001-8076-7604Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Northern Scientific Training Program.2211<180 Day Usage Count>03TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDABINGDON2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND2150-704X2150-7058REMOTE SENS LETTRemote Sens. Lett.NOV 22021121111231135
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2021.1961174http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2021.196117413Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyUE7XM2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006880966000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveScotty Creek Research Station, communities in the southwest part of the territoryNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13663
Evaluating the suitability of three gridded-datasets and their impacts on hydrological simulation at Scotty Creek in the southern Northwest Territories, Canada
ArticleHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSESgridded dataset; hydrological models; Northwest Territories; performance measures; precipitation; sensitivity analysis; temperatureDAILY PRECIPITATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER BASIN; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; PRODUCTS; MODEL; SATELLITE; FREQUENCYPersaud, BD; Whitfield, PH; Quinton, WL; Stone, LEPersaud, Bhaleka D.; Whitfield, Paul H.; Quinton, William L.; Stone, Lindsay E.EnglishIn the southern Northwest Territories (NWT), long time series of historical observations of climate and hydrology are scarce. Gridded datasets have been used as an alternative to instrumental observations for climate analysis in this area, but not for driving models to understand hydrological processes in the southern NWT. The suitability of temperature and precipitation from three-gridded datasets (Australian National University Spline [ANUSPLIN], ERA-Interim, and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, Version 2 [MERRA-2]) as forcings for hydrological modelling in a small subcatchment in the southern NWT are assessed. Multiple statistical techniques are used to ensure that structural and temporal attributes of the observational datasets are adequately compared. Daily minimum and maximum air temperatures in gridded datasets are more similar to observations than precipitation. The ANUSPLIN temperature time series are more statistically similar to observations, based on population statistics and temporal structure, than either of ERA-Interim or MERRA-2. The gridded datasets capture the seasonal and annual seasonal variability of precipitation but with large biases. ANUSPLIN precipitation compares better with observations than either ERA-Interim or MERRA-2 precipitation. The biases in these gridded datasets affect run-off simulations. The biases in hydrological simulations are predictable from the statistical differences between gridded datasets and observations and can be used to make informed choices about their use.[Persaud, Bhaleka D.; Quinton, William L.; Stone, Lindsay E.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Whitfield, Paul H.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of SaskatchewanPersaud, BD (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.pers3479@mylaurier.caPersaud, Bhaleka/0000-0003-2785-3954Government of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGovernment of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Government of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada7189<180 Day Usage Count>117WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0885-60871099-1085HYDROL PROCESSHydrol. Process.FEB 152020344898913
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13663http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.136632020-01-01 00:00:0016Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Water ResourcesKH6IX2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005065130000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111251
Estimating tree height from TanDEM-X data at the northwestern Canadian treeline
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTBistatic; CoSSC; Backscatter; Coherence; Interferometry; InSAR height; Forest patches; LiDAR; ALSTAIGA-TUNDRA ECOTONE; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; FOREST BIOMASS; CANOPY HEIGHT; BOREAL FOREST; AIRBORNE LIDAR; MODEL; VOLUME; SHRUB; WATERAntonova, S; Thiel, C; Hofle, B; Anders, K; Helm, V; Zwieback, S; Marx, S; Boike, JAntonova, Sofia; Thiel, Christian; Hoefle, Bernhard; Anders, Katharina; Helm, Veit; Zwieback, Simon; Marx, Sabrina; Boike, JuliaEnglishThe circum-Arctic transitional zone between forest and tundra, i.e. the treeline zone, is shifting northward due to current Arctic warming and, therefore, requires systematic monitoring. Up to now, radar remote sensing was hardly possible in the treeline zone due to spatial resolution and/or temporal decorrelation constraints of preceding satellite missions. The unique constellation of the TanDEM-X satellites with its bistatic mode and very high spatial resolution opens up opportunities for monitoring small (>= 0.01 km(2)) and isolated patches of very sparse forest which are typical for the transitional zone. We focused on an area at the northern edge of the treeline zone in the Northwest Territories, Canada, and evaluated the potential of TanDEM-X bistatic data to characterize the tree height in the forest patches in this region. TanDEM-X data were acquired during the TanDEM-X Science Phase in 2015, when the perpendicular baseline was large (corresponding to the height of ambiguity of approximately 14.6 m) and kept constant. We employed TanDEM-X backscatter, bistatic coherence, and interferometric height from the stack of seven multitemporal bistatic pairs and compared them to maximum vegetation height obtained from full-waveform airborne LiDAR data. We found strong linear relationships between all TanDEM-X metrics and LiDAR vegetation height within the forest patches with r = 0.67, r = -0.69, and r = 0.78 for the backscatter, coherence, and interferometric height, respectively. Furthermore, we extracted the position of individual trees from the LiDAR data and estimated tree density as the number of trees per unit area. The linear relationships between all TanDEM-X metrics and the tree density were very weak. The relationships between all TanDEM-X metrics and tree height differentiated for three tree density classes (low, medium, and high) remained strong. Random forests regression using all three TanDEM-X metrics predicted the tree height with a mean absolute error of 0.7 m (mean forest height in the study area was 2.5 m). CoSSC pairs were generally consistent with each other and the multitemporal averaging slightly improved the performance compared to single pairs. Taking into account the global coverage of bistatic TanDEM-X data acquired for the global digital elevation model, our results show a potential for quantifying the tree height in small forest patches along the circum-Arctic treeline zone.[Antonova, Sofia; Hoefle, Bernhard; Anders, Katharina; Marx, Sabrina] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geog, 3D Geospatial Data Proc Grp, Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Antonova, Sofia; Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A 45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Thiel, Christian] DLR Inst Data Sci, Malzerstr 3, D-07745 Jena, Germany; [Hoefle, Bernhard] HCE, Inst Environm Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Helm, Veit] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Postfach 12 01 61, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany; [Zwieback, Simon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, GermanyRuprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Humboldt University of BerlinAntonova, S (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A 45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.sofia.antonova@awi.de; christian.thiel@dlr.de; hoefle@uni-heidelberg.de; katharina.anders@uni-heidelberg.de; veit.helm@awi.de; szwieback@alaska.edu; marx@uni-heidelberg.de; julia.boike@awi.deAnders, Katharina/ADR-7694-2022; Thiel, Christian/AAU-8029-2021; Höfle, Bernhard/A-4702-2010Anders, Katharina/0000-0001-5698-7041; Höfle, Bernhard/0000-0001-5849-1461; Zwieback, Simon/0000-0002-1398-6046; Antonova, Sofia/0000-0002-5310-786XFederal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi); German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany [FKZ: 50EE1418]Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)(Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)); German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany(Helmholtz AssociationGerman Aerospace Centre (DLR))This work was core funded by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany, in the framework of the project PermaSAR (FKZ: 50EE1418). We thank Sina Muster, Inge Griinberg, and Stefan Kruse for the critical reading of the manuscript and the valuable comments.5067<180 Day Usage Count>240ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.SEP 152019231
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111251http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.11125117Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyIW0HVGreen Accepted2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004846439000310 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTSahtuCentral Mackenzie ValleyNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0169
Identifying groundwater discharge zones in the Central Mackenzie Valley using remotely sensed optical and thermal imagery
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCESicings; aufeis; permafrost; climate change; groundwater dischargeLAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SNOW-COVER; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; AUFEIS; DYNAMICS; RIVER; FLOWGlass, BK; Rudolph, DL; Duguay, C; Wicke, AGlass, Brittney K.; Rudolph, David L.; Duguay, Claude; Wicke, AndrewEnglishLandsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, and RapidEye-3 data sets were used to identify potential groundwater discharge zones, via icings, in the Central Mackenzie Valley (CMV) of the Northwest Territories. Given that this area is undergoing active shale oil exploration and climatic changes, identification of groundwater discharge zones is of great importance both for pinpointing potential contaminant transport pathways and for characterizing the hydrologic system. Following the work of Morse and Wolfe (2015), a series of image algorithms were applied to imagery for the entire CMV and for the Bogg Creek watershed (a sub watershed of the CMV) for selected years between 2004 and 2017. Icings were statistically examined for all of the selected years to determine whether a significant difference in their spatial occurrence existed. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of icings from year to year (alpha = 0.05), but that there were several places where icings were recurring. During the summer of 2018, these recurrent icings, which are expected to be spring sourced, were verified using a thermal camera aboard a helicopter, as well as in situ measurements of hydraulic gradient, groundwater geochemistry, and electroconductivity. Strong agreement was found between the mapped icings and summer field data, making them ideal field monitoring locations. Furthermore, identifying these discharge points remotely is expected to have drastically reduced the field efforts that would have been required to find them in situ. This work demonstrates the value of remote sensing methods for hydrogeological applications, particularly in remote northern locations.[Glass, Brittney K.; Rudolph, David L.; Wicke, Andrew] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Duguay, Claude] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaUniversity of Waterloo; University of WaterlooGlass, BK (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.bglass@uwaterloo.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Global Water Futures through the Northern Water Futures project; Government of the Northwest Territories Environmental Studies Research FundNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Global Water Futures through the Northern Water Futures project; Government of the Northwest Territories Environmental Studies Research FundThe authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Global Water Futures through the Northern Water Futures project and the Government of the Northwest Territories Environmental Studies Research Fund. We are highly appreciative of the technical and logistical advice provided by Andrew Applejohn and Bruce Hanna (Government of the Northwest Territories). Technical support and field work facilitation were also graciously provided by the Sahtu Renewable Resources Board and we are thankful to Sahtu communities for reviewing and approving our research licenses (ARI Scientific Research License Nos. 16345 and 16581). The work would not have been possible without the logistical and technical support of personnel from Husky Energy. Many thanks are also owed to Brewster Conant, Jr. and Aaron Vandenhoff (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo) for their assistance with field work and data interpretation and to Planet Labs (https://www.planet.com/) for the provision of the RapidEye-3 imagery. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers of the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences for their time in providing an in-depth review of this work.4611<180 Day Usage Count>26CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0008-40771480-3313CAN J EARTH SCICan. J. Earth Sci.FEB2021582105121
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0169http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-016917Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyQB7DHhybrid2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006142990000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2104
Landscape-scale variations in near-surface soil temperature and active-layer thickness: Implications for high-resolution permafrost mapping
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESactive-layer thickness; ecotype; landscape scale; near-surface soil temperature; permafrostMACKENZIE DELTA; GROUND TEMPERATURES; THAW-DEPTH; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; TIME-SERIES; VARIABILITY; ALASKA; CLIMATE; NWT; VALLEYZhang, Y; Touzi, R; Feng, WP; Hong, G; Lantz, TC; Kokelj, SVZhang, Yu; Touzi, Ridha; Feng, Wanpeng; Hong, Gang; Lantz, Trevor C.; Kokelj, Steven, VEnglishSoil temperature observations in permafrost regions are sparse, which limits our understanding and ability to map permafrost conditions at high spatial resolutions. In this study, we measured near-surface soil temperatures (Tnss) at 107 sites from August 2016 to August 2017 in northern boreal and tundra areas in northwestern Canada. Active-layer thickness (ALT), soil and vegetation conditions were also measured at these sites. Our observations show large variations in Tnss and ALT across an area with a similar climate. This high degree of spatial heterogeneity illustrates the importance of high-resolution mapping of permafrost for infrastructure planning and understanding the impacts of permafrost thaw. Annual mean Tnss varied by 5-6 degrees C among observation sites, which was mainly due to differences in Tnss in winter and spring, indicating the importance of snow conditions on determining landscape-scale variation in near-surface ground temperatures. ALT varied from about 30 cm to more than 120 cm. The variation in ALT among sites did not correlate with thawing season Tnss, but was associated with variation in soil conditions, especially the surface organic layer thickness. Freezing n-factors varied significantly from site to site and among ecotypes, while thawing n-factors were similar among sites, except bare soils. This study shows that ecotypes can be used to map ALT and Tnss at landscape scales in tundra areas, but the method is not as effective in the northern boreal region.[Zhang, Yu; Touzi, Ridha; Feng, Wanpeng; Hong, Gang] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 6-C10,560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada; [Lantz, Trevor C.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven, V] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Feng, Wanpeng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou, Peoples R ChinaNatural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); University of Victoria; Sun Yat Sen UniversityZhang, Y (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, 6-C10,560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada.yu.zhang@canada.caPolar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program [186]; Earth Observation Baseline Data for Cumulative Effects projectPolar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program; Earth Observation Baseline Data for Cumulative Effects projectWe thank Peter Morse, Antoni Lewkowicz, and Robert Way for their advice on experimental design, site selection, and deployment of iButtons. Xiping Wang provided very useful suggestions regarding statistical analysis of the data. Climate data around Tuktoyaktuk were provided by Shawne Kokelj in the Water Management and Monitoring Division, Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Government of the Northwest Territories. We thank Brendan O'Neill and three anonymous referees for carefully reviewing the manuscript. Their comments and suggestions greatly improved the quality of the paper. This study was funded by Polar Knowledge Canada Science and Technology Program (project 186) and Earth Observation Baseline Data for Cumulative Effects project. The paper is also a contribution to NSERC PermafrostNet and a project affiliated to Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), a NASA Terrestrial Ecology program. Northwest Territories Geological Survey Contribution number is 0133.4955<180 Day Usage Count>411WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.OCT2021324627640
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2104http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.21042021-08-01 00:00:0014Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyWK7UN2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0006848217000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaInuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.03.011
Large-scale direct shear testing of compacted frozen soil under freezing and thawing conditions
ArticleCOLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYFrozen soil; Freeze-thaw; Shear strength; Frozen compaction; Large-scale direct shear test; Numerical modellingSTRAIN-RATE; PERMAFROSTDe Guzman, EMB; Stafford, D; Alfaro, MC; Dore, G; Arenson, LUDe Guzman, Earl Marvin B.; Stafford, Dylan; Alfaro, Marolo C.; Dore, Guy; Arenson, Lukas U.EnglishEmbankments in the Arctic are often constructed during winter conditions to preserve the underlying permafrost and minimize environmental impacts. However, there is a limited understanding as to how frozen soils, compacted during sub-freezing conditions behave, and how this impacts the overall performance of the embankment, especially during the first thawing season following winter construction. Fills are very difficult to compact at sub-zero temperatures with ground ice present in them. They are strong and stiff when frozen but they become softer and more compressible upon thawing. This reduction in shear strength due to thawing can lead to slope instability and embankment failure. This paper describes part of a larger study on the structural stability of embankments constructed in the winter along the new Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highway in the Northwest Territories, Canada. A series of large-scale direct shear tests was conducted on laboratory-compacted frozen fill to determine its shear strength. Frozen soil chunks were compacted at -10 degrees C. Normal stresses of 25, 50, and 100 kPa were selected corresponding to the range of applied vertical stresses expected in the field. Horizontal and vertical displacements, applied normal stresses, and horizontal loads were recorded throughout testing. The tests were conducted in an environmental chamber under frozen, thawed, and cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. The frozen soil samples showed high shear strength when frozen, but upon thaw and following freeze-thaw conditions the shear strength was reduced by as much as 50%. The most critical condition, based on the tests conducted, occurs during the onset of the first thawing when the ice bonding in the soil matrix melts. Numerical models were developed using a finite difference program and calibrated with the results from the large-scale direct shear tests. It was demonstrated that restrained dilatancy affects the results of the simulations but the soil maintains the critical state friction angle for increased normal stresses.[De Guzman, Earl Marvin B.; Stafford, Dylan; Alfaro, Marolo C.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada; [Dore, Guy] Univ Laval, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Eaux, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Arenson, Lukas U.] BGC Engn Inc, Vancouver, BC V6Z 0C8, CanadaUniversity of Manitoba; Laval University; BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC)Alfaro, MC (corresponding author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Civil Engn, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada.Marolo.Alfaro@umanitoba.caArenson, Lukas/Y-2187-2019Arenson, Lukas/0000-0001-7172-6683; Alfaro, Marolo/0000-0001-5492-1479; Dore, Guy/0000-0002-9701-6695Department of Transportation of the Government of Northwest Territories (DOT-GNWT); Transport Canada (TC)Department of Transportation of the Government of Northwest Territories (DOT-GNWT); Transport Canada (TC)The research work presented in this paper is supported and funded by the Department of Transportation of the Government of Northwest Territories (DOT-GNWT) and Transport Canada (TC). The authors would like to thank the field engineers of DOT-GNWT for making arrangements in sending the soil material to the University of Manitoba. The help of laboratory technicians in setting up the large-scale direct shear box in the environmental chamber is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the guidance from the reviewers that improved the readability of the paper.272929<180 Day Usage Count>146ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0165-232X1872-7441COLD REG SCI TECHNOLCold Reg. Sci. Tech.JUL2018151138147
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.03.011http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.03.01110Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; GeologyGG4QV2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004326822000150 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North SlaveWest and north of Great Slave LakeNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002431
Mapping and Scaling of In Situ Above Ground Biomass to Regional Extent With SAR in the Great Slave Region
ArticleEARTH AND SPACE SCIENCEabove; NISAR; biomassFREEZE-THAW CYCLES; FOREST BIOMASS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TREE BIOMASS; CARBON-CYCLE; UNCERTAINTY; BACKSCATTER; LIDAR; EQUATIONS; PLOTSKraatz, S; Bourgeau-Chavez, L; Battaglia, M; Poley, A; Siqueira, PKraatz, S.; Bourgeau-Chavez, L.; Battaglia, M.; Poley, A.; Siqueira, P.EnglishGlobal forests are increasingly threatened by disturbance events such as wildfire. Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions at L- (or P-) band, such as the upcoming NASA ISRO SAR (NISAR), have great potential to advance global mapping of above-ground biomass (AGB). AGB mapping with SAR is challenging due to lack of available L- or P- band data, and because SAR data are sensitive to confounding factors such as hydrology and terrain. This study uses recently collected AGB validation site data (AGBV) to produce a 1 ha biomass map about the Great Slave Lake in Canada using SAR data, and reports on NISAR's anticipated performance. This study addresses errors inherent to the representativeness of AGBVs with coarser grid/landscape scale processes by evaluating model performance as data are aggregated over increasingly larger areas (AOAs). Air and spaceborne SAR data were found to be interoperable after processing them according to analysis ready data specifications, improving data availability. Owing to poor model performance at two AGBVs, root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) were similar to 60 Mg/ha, irrespective of AOA. When instead using NISAR's more lenient assessment criteria, RMSEs decreased to 32, 15, and 21 Mg/ha for the small (similar to 0.1 ha), medium (similar to 3.5 ha), and large (similar to 14 ha) AOA. Thus, AGB mapping in this region appears to benefit significantly from coarser data aggregations than to be used by NISAR's. This approach is practical for identifying a suitable scale of correspondence between the AGBV and SAR data and the landscape-scale processes and can substantially improve AGB mapping accuracy.[Kraatz, S.; Siqueira, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA; [Kraatz, S.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; [Bourgeau-Chavez, L.; Battaglia, M.; Poley, A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USAUniversity of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Michigan Technological UniversityKraatz, S (corresponding author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.;Kraatz, S (corresponding author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.simon.kraatz@usda.govNASA Science Team for the NISAR Mission [NNX16AK59G, 80NSSC19K1497]; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment [80NSSC19M0107]; USDA-ARS [58-8042-8-072]NASA Science Team for the NISAR Mission; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment; USDA-ARS(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)USDA Agricultural Research Service)This work was supported with funding from the NASA Science Team for the NISAR Mission (NNX16AK59G, 80NSSC19K1497), the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (80NSSC19M0107) and USDA-ARS Grant 58-8042-8-072. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.6900<180 Day Usage Count>00AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2333-5084EARTH SPACE SCIEarth Space Sci.DEC2022912
e2022EA002431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002431http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022EA00243115Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology8N2WIgold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0009250098000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehcho, North Slave, South SlaveMunicipal wastewater lagoon in unspecified subarctic community in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the NWTNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028771
Modeling Reactive Solute Transport in Permafrost-Affected Groundwater Systems
ArticleWATER RESOURCES RESEARCHpermafrost; groundwater modeling; contaminant transport; freeze-thaw; coupled mass and energy transport; cold regionsACTIVE-LAYER; FLOW; HEAT; THAW; HYDROLOGY; CLIMATE; INFILTRATION; CATCHMENT; PATHWAYS; NUTRIENTMohammed, AA; Bense, VF; Kurylyk, BL; Jamieson, RC; Johnston, LH; Jackson, AJMohammed, Aaron A.; Bense, Victor F.; Kurylyk, Barret L.; Jamieson, Rob C.; Johnston, Lindsay H.; Jackson, Amy J.EnglishUnderstanding the interactions between ground freeze-thaw, groundwater flow, and solute transport is imperative for evaluating the fate of contaminants in permafrost regions. However, predicting solute migration in permafrost-affected groundwater systems is challenging due to the inherent interactions and coupling between subsurface mass and energy transport processes. To this end, we developed a numerical model that considers coupled groundwater flow, subsurface heat transfer, and solute transport, including water-ice phase change, solute-dependent porewater freezing, and temperature-dependent solute reaction rates. As an illustrative example, we present simulations to investigate the potential for contamination from a municipal wastewater lagoon in the Canadian sub-arctic. Two-dimensional groundwater models assuming varying permafrost conditions were developed to evaluate possible contaminant migration scenarios associated with groundwater flow from the lagoon to a river, including the transport of conservative, degradable, and sorbing solutes. Model results reveal important transport mechanisms controlling the behavior of aqueous contaminants in permafrost landscapes as well as the hydrogeologic factors affecting reactive transport in cold regions. Seasonal freeze-thaw episodically restricts connectivity of transport pathways, which attenuates both transport and reaction rates. However, elevated solute concentrations can depress the freezing temperature of porewater and produce thaw-induced solute transport. Both thermally driven and solute-enhanced thaw can decrease ice content in permafrost, which can have significant implications for solute migration. Therefore, thermo-hydrogeologic process controlling reactive transport in cold-region groundwater systems must be considered when quantitatively assessing the impact of changing environmental conditions on contaminant hydrogeology.[Mohammed, Aaron A.; Kurylyk, Barret L.; Jamieson, Rob C.; Johnston, Lindsay H.; Jackson, Amy J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Mohammed, Aaron A.; Kurylyk, Barret L.; Jamieson, Rob C.; Johnston, Lindsay H.; Jackson, Amy J.] Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Water Resources Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Bense, Victor F.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, Wageningen, NetherlandsDalhousie University; Dalhousie University; Wageningen University & ResearchBense, VF (corresponding author), Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands.victor.bense@wur.nlKurylyk, Barret/0000-0002-8244-3838; Bense, Victor/0000-0002-3675-5232; Mohammed, Aaron/0000-0001-9037-1283Government of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada First Research Excellence FundGovernment of the Northwest Territories; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Ocean Frontier Institute; Canada First Research Excellence FundThe authors wish to thank Jeanne Arsenault and Rick Walbourne (Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories), Justin Hazenberg and Jamie Goddard (Municipal and Community Affairs, Government of Northwest Territories) and Heather Scott (Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board) for their assistance and feedback. We also thank Dr. Julia Guimond (Dalhousie University) for assistance with running simulations. This work was funded by the Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a NSERC Discovery grant. This research was conducted while A. Mohammed held a fellowship through the Ocean Frontier Institute, an award from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund. An earlier version of the manuscript greatly benefited from reviews of Dr. Ethan Coon and 2 anonymous reviewers.77910<180 Day Usage Count>1962AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0043-13971944-7973WATER RESOUR RESWater Resour. Res.JUL2021577
e2020WR028771
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028771http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020WR02877120Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water ResourcesTT1DQhybrid2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006800922000190 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4833
Multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning point clouds for thaw subsidence observation at Arctic permafrost monitoring sites
ArticleEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMSchange analysis; 3D geoinformation; ground surface displacement; permafrost monitoring; multitemporal LiDARFRAMEWORK; EROSION; SCANS; LAYERAnders, K; Marx, S; Boike, J; Herfort, B; Wilcox, EJ; Langer, M; Marsh, P; Hofle, BAnders, Katharina; Marx, Sabrina; Boike, Julia; Herfort, Benjamin; Wilcox, Evan James; Langer, Moritz; Marsh, Philip; Hoefle, BernhardEnglishThis paper investigates different methods for quantifying thaw subsidence using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. Thaw subsidence is a slow (millimetre to centimetre per year) vertical displacement of the ground surface common in ice-rich permafrost-underlain landscapes. It is difficult to quantify thaw subsidence in tundra areas as they often lack stable reference frames. Also, there is no solid ground surface to serve as a basis for elevation measurements, due to a continuous moss-lichen cover. We investigate how an expert-driven method improves the accuracy of benchmark measurements at discrete locations within two sites using multitemporal TLS data of a 1-year period. Our method aggregates multiple experts' determination of the ground surface in 3D point clouds, collected in a web-based tool. We then compare this to the performance of a fully automated ground surface determination method. Lastly, we quantify ground surface displacement by directly computing multitemporal point cloud distances, thereby extending thaw subsidence observation to an area-based assessment. Using the expert-driven quantification as reference, we validate the other methods, including in-situ benchmark measurements from a conventional field survey. This study demonstrates that quantifying the ground surface using 3D point clouds is more accurate than the field survey method. The expert-driven method achieves an accuracy of 0.1 +/- 0.1 cm. Compared to this, in-situ benchmark measurements by single surveyors yield an accuracy of 0.4 +/- 1.5 cm. This difference between the two methods is important, considering an observed displacement of 1.4 cm at the sites. Thaw subsidence quantification with the fully automatic benchmark-based method achieves an accuracy of 0.2 +/- 0.5 cm and direct point cloud distance computation an accuracy of 0.2 +/- 0.9 cm. The range in accuracy is largely influenced by properties of vegetation structure at locations within the sites. The developed methods enable a link of automated quantification and expert judgement for transparent long-term monitoring of permafrost subsidence. (c) 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd[Anders, Katharina; Marx, Sabrina; Herfort, Benjamin; Hoefle, Bernhard] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Geog, 3D Geospatial Data Proc Grp 3DGeo, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Anders, Katharina; Hoefle, Bernhard] Heidelberg Univ, Interdisciplinary Ctr Sci Comp IWR, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [Boike, Julia; Langer, Moritz] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, AWI, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Wilcox, Evan James; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Regions Res Ctr, Waterloo N2L 3C5, ON, Canada; [Hoefle, Bernhard] Heidelberg Univ, HCE, D-69120 Heidelberg, GermanyRuprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; Wilfrid Laurier University; Ruprecht Karls University HeidelbergAnders, K (corresponding author), 3DGeo Inst Geog, Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.katharina.anders@uni-heidelberg.deHöfle, Bernhard/A-4702-2010; Wilcox, Evan/ABF-2854-2020; Anders, Katharina/ADR-7694-2022; Boike, Julia/R-4766-2016Höfle, Bernhard/0000-0001-5849-1461; Wilcox, Evan/0000-0002-4172-7623; Anders, Katharina/0000-0001-5698-7041; Boike, Julia/0000-0002-5875-2112; Langer, Moritz/0000-0002-2704-3655Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi); German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Germany [FKZ: 50EE1418]; Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences (HGS MathComp) by DFG grant GSC 220 in the German Universities Excellence Initiative; Vector Foundation [2015-051]; Wilfrid Laurier University Cold Regions Research Centre (CRRC)Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi)(Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)); German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Germany(Helmholtz AssociationGerman Aerospace Centre (DLR)); Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences (HGS MathComp) by DFG grant GSC 220 in the German Universities Excellence Initiative; Vector Foundation; Wilfrid Laurier University Cold Regions Research Centre (CRRC)This work was core funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) and the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Germany, in the framework of the project PermaSAR (FKZ: 50EE1418). We appreciate the support from the Wilfrid Laurier University Cold Regions Research Centre (CRRC) to use the Laurier TVC field camp.; We thank everyone who helped in the field campaigns. Katharina Anders was supported in part by the Heidelberg Graduate School of Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Sciences (HGS MathComp), founded by DFG grant GSC 220 in the German Universities Excellence Initiative.; The implementation of the web-based tool for 3D geoinformation extraction benefited from developments in the frame of the 3D-MAPP project funded by the Vector Foundation (Project ID: 2015-051).; We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript.401010<180 Day Usage Count>03WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0197-93371096-9837EARTH SURF PROC LANDEarth Surf. Process. Landf.JUN 15202045715891600
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4833http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.48332020-02-01 00:00:0012Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyLZ4VZGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005148585000010 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.020
On the use of mulching to mitigate permafrost thaw due to linear disturbances in sub-arctic peatlands
ArticleECOLOGICAL ENGINEERINGLinear disturbance; Heat and water movement; Permafrost; Peat; Climate chamber; EcohydrologyDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HEAT; HYDROLOGY; WATER; SOIL; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; WETLANDSMohammed, AA; Schincariol, RA; Quinton, WL; Nagare, RM; Flerchinger, GNMohammed, Aaron A.; Schincariol, Robert A.; Quinton, William L.; Nagare, Ranjeet M.; Flerchinger, Gerald N.EnglishThe presence or absence of permafrost strongly influences the hydrology and ecology of northern watersheds. Resource exploration activities are currently having profound effects on hydrological and ecological processes in sub-arctic peatlands. In wetland-dominated zones of discontinuous permafrost, permafrost occurs below tree-covered peat plateaus where the tree-canopy and vadose zone act to insulate and preserve permafrost below. Linear disturbances such as seismic lines result in removal of the canopy, and cause permafrost thaw, which results in increased soil moisture, land subsidence, and deforestation. This contributes to land-cover transformation, habitat and vegetation loss, and changes to basin hydrologic cycles. The resultant permafrost-degraded corridors comprise large portions of the drainage density of sub-arctic basins, and alter the region's water and energy balances. Mulching over disturbances, with the removed tree canopy, has been proposed as a best management practice to help reduce this environmental impact. Here we present climate chamber and numerical modeling results which quantify the effects of mulching and its ability to limit permafrost thaw and alterations to the ground thermal regime. Overall, the thermal buffering ability of the mulch had beneficial effects on slowing thaw, due to its low thermal conductivity, which decouples the subsurface from meteorological forcing and impedes heat conduction. Results indicate that mulching is an effective technique to reduce permafrost thaw and provides a scientific basis to assess the mitigation measure on its ability to slow permafrost degradation. This study will provide guidance as to how northern exploration may be performed in a more environmentally sustainable manner. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Mohammed, Aaron A.; Schincariol, Robert A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Nagare, Ranjeet M.] WorleyParsons Canada, Water Business Unit, 4445 Calgary Trail, Edmonton, AB T6H 5R7, Canada; [Flerchinger, Gerald N.] USDA ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USAWestern University (University of Western Ontario); Wilfrid Laurier University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)Mohammed, AA (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.amohamme@ucalgary.ca; schincar@uwo.ca; wquinton@wlu.ca; ranjeet.nagare@worleyparsons.com; gerald.flerchinger@ars.usda.govFlerchinger, Gerald/0000-0002-5156-5090; Nagare, Ranjeet/0000-0002-2709-9114; Mohammed, Aaron/0000-0001-9037-1283Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); BioChambers Inc. (MB, Canada) through a NSERC-CRD award; NSERC Strategic Projects grant; Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through a Capacity Building in SS&T Cluster Pilot grantNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); BioChambers Inc. (MB, Canada) through a NSERC-CRD award; NSERC Strategic Projects grant; Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through a Capacity Building in SS&T Cluster Pilot grantThe authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and BioChambers Inc. (MB, Canada) through a NSERC-CRD award, NSERC Strategic Projects grant, and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through a Capacity Building in SS&T Cluster Pilot grant. We also thank Roger Peters, Steve Bartlett, Jon Jacobs and Marc Schincariol for their assistance in the laboratory.5177<180 Day Usage Count>334ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0925-85741872-6992ECOL ENGEcol. Eng.MAY2017102207223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.020http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.02017Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; EngineeringES5YX2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0003996237000230 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.060
Quantifying CDOM and DOC in major Arctic rivers during ice-free conditions using Landsat TM and ETM plus data
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTChromophoric dissolved organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Arctic; Landsat; Remote sensing; Rivers; Google Earth EngineDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; LAKE WATER-QUALITY; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; PERMAFROST THAW; MACKENZIE RIVER; NORTH SLOPE; TIME-SERIES; CARBON; REFLECTANCE; EXPORTGriffin, CG; McClelland, JW; Frey, KE; Fiske, G; Holmes, RMGriffin, C. G.; McClelland, J. W.; Frey, K. E.; Fiske, G.; Holmes, R. M.EnglishAs high-latitudes warm, permafrost thaws, and the hydrological cycle accelerates, ground-based monitoring of riverine organic matter may be supplemented by satellite remote sensing during ice-free conditions. Recent programs, namely the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory, have established methodologically consistent sampling across the hydrograph, and shared the resulting data publicly. However, these efforts are limited by frequency, funding, and length of record. Satellite remote sensing can be used to estimate chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) as a riverine constituent that influences optical properties in surface waters. In this study, daily CDOM absorption was first estimated using discharge-constituent regression-based models for 2000-2013. We then regressed these discharge-based CDOM estimates against Landsat TM and ETM + surface reflectance data from Google Earth Engine for the six largest rivers draining the pan-Arctic watershed (the Kolyma, Lena, Mackenzie, Ob', Yenisey, and Yukon rivers). These CDOM results were converted to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), using the strong relationship (R-2 = 0.88) between direct measurements of the two constituents. Using river-specific remote sensing models, R-2 could be as high as 0.84. Grouping all rivers into a single universal regression reduced R-2 and increased root mean square errors, such as in the Yenisey River where R-2 dropped by 0.63, and RMSE rose by 1.1 m(-1). Seasonally varying discharge drove much of the variation in satellite-derived CDOM and DOC, corroborating recent studies. Satellite imagery can increase the frequency of monitoring observations, particularly during summer and fall when riverine CDOM absorption may be most sensitive to thawing permafrost.[Griffin, C. G.; McClelland, J. W.] Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA; [Frey, K. E.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA; [Fiske, G.; Holmes, R. M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Griffin, C. G.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USAUniversity of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Clark University; Woods Hole Research Center; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin CitiesGriffin, CG (corresponding author), Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.;Griffin, CG (corresponding author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.griffin.claireg@gmail.comMcClelland, James W/C-5396-2008McClelland, James W/0000-0001-9619-8194; Holmes, Robert Max/0000-0002-6413-9154; Griffin, Claire/0000-0003-1944-6072NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1610403]; Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF) [0229302, 0732985, 0732821, 1107774]; Polaris Project II (NSF) [1044610]; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1602615, 1602680, 1107774] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNSF Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF); Polaris Project II (NSF); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))We thank the following for support with field sampling, logistics and laboratory analyses: Sam Berman, Ekaterina Bulygina, Patty Garlough, Suzanne Tank, Elise van Winden, Jorien Vonk, and Nikita Zimov. This material is based upon work supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1610403, the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (NSF Grant Nos. 0229302, 0732985, 0732821, and 1107774; www.arcticgreatrivers.org), and the Polaris Project II (NSF Grant No. 1044610; www.thepolarisproject.org).1046771<180 Day Usage Count>15118ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.MAY2018209395409
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.060http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.02.06015Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyGE0IK2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004308973000280 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTSouth SlaveWood Buffalo National ParkNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111525
Quantifying fire trends in boreal forests with Landsat time series and self-organized criticality
ArticleREMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENTForest fire; Self-organized criticality; Google earth engine; Boreal forest; Landsat; Time-series analysis; Image compositing; Fractal; NDVI; NBR; Fire perimeter; Fire refugia; Mosaic landscapeNORMALIZED BURN RATIO; WILDFIRE ORIENTATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DETECTING TRENDS; POWER-LAW; SEVERITY; PATTERNS; CANADA; AREA; DISTURBANCEKato, A; Thau, D; Hudak, AT; Meigs, GW; Moskal, LMKato, Akira; Thau, David; Hudak, Andrew T.; Meigs, Garrett W.; Moskal, L. MonikaEnglishBoreal forests are globally extensive and store large amounts of carbon, but recent climate change has led to drier conditions and increasing fire activity. The objective of this study is to quantify trends in fire size and frequency using data spanning multiple scales in space and time. We use multi-temporal Landsat image compositing on Google Earth Engine and validate results with reference fire maps from the Canadian Park Service. We also interpret general fire trends through the concept of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). Our study site is Wood Buffalo National Park, which is a fire hot spot in Canada due to frequent lightning ignitions. The relativize differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR) was the most accurate Landsat-based burn severity metric we evaluated (52.2% producer's accuracy, 87.6% user's accuracy). The Landsat-based burn severity maps provided a better fit for a linear relationship on the log-log scale of fire size and frequency than a manually drawn fire map. Landsat-based fire trends since 1990 conformed to a power-law distribution with a slope of 1.9, which is related to fractal dimensions of the satellite-based fire perimeter shapes. The unburned and low-severity patches within the burn severity mosaic influenced the power-law slope and associated fractal dimensionality. This study demonstrates a multi-scale and multi-dataset technique to quantify general fire trends and changing fire cycles in remote locations and establishes a baseline database for assessing future fire activity. Testing criticality by power laws helps to quantify emergent trends of contemporary fire regimes, which could inform the strategic application of prescribed fire and other management activities. Natural resource managers can utilize information from this study to understand local ecosystem adaptability to large fire events and ecosystem stability in the context of recent increasing fire activity.[Kato, Akira] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Hort, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 2710092, Japan; [Thau, David] World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA; [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA; [Meigs, Garrett W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA; [Moskal, L. Monika] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USAChiba University; World Wildlife Fund; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; Oregon State University; University of Washington; University of Washington SeattleKato, A (corresponding author), Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Hort, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 2710092, Japan.akiran@faculty.chiba-u.jpMeigs, Garrett/AAH-4948-2021; Moskal, L. Monika/F-8715-2010Meigs, Garrett/0000-0001-5942-691X; Moskal, L. Monika/0000-0003-1563-6506Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2RF-1501]Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan(Ministry of the Environment, Japan)This research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, grant number 2RF-1501.831717<180 Day Usage Count>349ELSEVIER SCIENCE INCNEW YORKSTE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA0034-42571879-0704REMOTE SENS ENVIRONRemote Sens. Environ.FEB2020237
111525
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111525http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.11152512Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyKG3CE2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005098193000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel Plateau, Dempster Highway, Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111734
Permafrost Terrain Dynamics and Infrastructure Impacts Revealed by UAV Photogrammetry and Thermal Imaging
ArticleREMOTE SENSINGanthropogenic disturbance; ground ice; landscape dynamics; thaw slump; thermokarst; stratigraphy; time series; digital terrain modelRETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS UASS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; MACKENZIE DELTA; PEEL PLATEAU; HERSCHEL ISLAND; AERIAL IMAGERY; TREND ANALYSIS; GROUND-ICEvan der Sluijs, J; Kokelj, SV; Fraser, RH; Tunnicliffe, J; Lacelle, Dvan der Sluijs, Jurjen; Kokelj, Steven V.; Fraser, Robert H.; Tunnicliffe, Jon; Lacelle, DenisEnglishUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems, sensors, and photogrammetric processing techniques have enabled timely and highly detailed three-dimensional surface reconstructions at a scale that bridges the gap between conventional remote-sensing and field-scale observations. In this work 29 rotary and fixed-wing UAV surveys were conducted during multiple field campaigns, totaling 47 flights and over 14.3 km(2), to document permafrost thaw subsidence impacts on or close to road infrastructure in the Northwest Territories, Canada. This paper provides four case studies: (1) terrain models and orthomosaic time series revealed the morphology and daily to annual dynamics of thaw-driven mass wasting phenomenon (retrogressive thaw slumps; RTS). Scar zone cut volume estimates ranged between 3.2 x 10(3) and 5.9 x 10(6) m(3). The annual net erosion of RTS surveyed ranged between 0.35 x 10(3) and 0.39 x 10(6) m(3). The largest RTS produced a long debris tongue with an estimated volume of 1.9 x 10(6) m(3). Downslope transport of scar zone and embankment fill materials was visualized using flow vectors, while thermal imaging revealed areas of exposed ground ice and mobile lobes of saturated, thawed materials. (2) Stratigraphic models were developed for RTS headwalls, delineating ground-ice bodies and stratigraphic unconformities. (3) In poorly drained areas along road embankments, UAV surveys detected seasonal terrain uplift and settlement of up to 0.5 m (>1700 m(2) in extent) as a result of injection ice development. (4) Time series of terrain models highlighted the thaw-driven evolution of a borrow pit (6.4 x 10(5) m(3) cut volume) constructed in permafrost terrain, whereby fluvial and thaw-driven sediment transfer (1.1 and 3.9 x 10(3) m(3) a(-1) respectively) was observed and annual slope profile reconfiguration was monitored to gain management insights concerning site stabilization. Elevation model vertical accuracies were also assessed as part of the case studies and ranged between 0.02 and 0.13 m Root Mean Square Error. Photogrammetric models processed with Post-processed Kinematic image solutions achieved similar accuracies without ground control points over much larger and complex areas than previously reported. The high resolution of UAV surveys, and the capacity to derive quantitative time series provides novel insights into permafrost processes that are otherwise challenging to study. The timely emergence of these tools bridges field-based research and applied studies with broad-scale remote-sensing approaches during a period when climate change is transforming permafrost environments.[van der Sluijs, Jurjen] Govt Northwest Terr, NWT Ctr Geomat, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Kokelj, Steven V.] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada; [Tunnicliffe, Jon] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; [Lacelle, Denis] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO); University of Auckland; University of OttawaKokelj, SV (corresponding author), Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.jurjen_vandersluijs@gov.nt.ca; steve_kokelj@gov.nt.ca; Robert.fraser@canada.ca; j.tunnicliffe@auckland.ac.nz; dlacelle@uOttawa.caTunnicliffe, Jon/0000-0003-0377-7803; Fraser, Robert H/0000-0002-8055-4403; van der Sluijs, Jurjen/0000-0002-9244-1756; Lacelle, Denis/0000-0002-6691-8717Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) [PKC-NST-1617-0004]; NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program [164]; Polar Continental Shelf Project [317]Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR); NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program; Polar Continental Shelf Project(Natural Resources Canada)Funding for this research was provided by Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) under project PKC-NST-1617-0004, the NWT Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program under project 164, and the Polar Continental Shelf Project (#317). This research is also affiliated with the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) project Monitoring and Assessing Cumulative Impacts on Western Canadian Arctic Ecosystems. NWT Geological Survey Contribution #0114.985656<180 Day Usage Count>631MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2072-4292REMOTE SENS-BASELRemote Sens.NOV20181011
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111734http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs1011173430Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic TechnologyHC3WOGreen Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004517338000650 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100829
Simulating thaw-induced land cover change in discontinuous permafrost landscapes
ArticleREMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS-SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENTLand cover change; Machine learning; Discontinuous permafrost; Climate changeLOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MODELS; CONNECTIVITY; HYDROLOGY; ERRORS; NWTAkbarpour, S; Craig, JRAkbarpour, Shaghayegh; Craig, James R.EnglishPermafrost thaw is causing a rapid evolution of the lowland discontinuous permafrost regions of the Taiga Plains in Northern Canada and elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Notably, this thaw is changing the spatial distribution of the dominant hydrologic land cover types (permafrost plateaus, fens, and isolated bogs) in parts of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. Here, we develop a multinomial time series land cover model (TSLCM) to simulate historical land cover transitions, model spatial patterns of transition, and predict the long term evolution of land cover in the areas surrounding the Scotty Creek Research Station (SCRS), NWT, and similar discontinuous permafrost landscapes. The machine learning-based TSLCM is informed by a set of observed spatio-temporal variables. The independent variables represent driving factors of change, and include the estimated summertime land surface temperature anomaly (LST), the distance and a custom cost distance to land cover interfaces, time increment between initial and final states, and time-accumulated temperature; the dependent variable is classified land cover maps from 1970 to 2008. First, we applied both random forest (RF) and Multinomial Log-Linear Regression (MLR) methods to train a synthetic data model; the model which improves the performance of the TSLCM in extrapolating time series change by adding new data instances to the initial data set. We boosted the initial data by combining the predicted land cover change maps from synthetic data model and the real data set. Then, we evaluated a MLR, RF, and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model in their ability to simulate land cover change. The final results of this study show that the Ensemble Learning (EL) based approaches are capable of effectively representing historical land cover change and can produce physically consistent and plausible future land cover scenarios. Deterministic predictions from the TSLCM indicate that the permafrost plateaus' coverage will continue to decrease, with corresponding decreases in isolated bogs' coverage and their secondary runoff contributing areas.[Akbarpour, Shaghayegh; Craig, James R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of WaterlooAkbarpour, S (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Waterloo, ON, Canada.s2akbarp@uwaterloo.ca; jrcraig@uwaterloo.caAkbarpour, Shaghayegh (Shae)/0000-0002-9404-1334Global Water Futures (GWF)/Northern Water Futures research programs; ArcticNet Network of Centres of ExcellenceGlobal Water Futures (GWF)/Northern Water Futures research programs; ArcticNet Network of Centres of ExcellenceSpecial thanks to Laura Chasmer of the University of Lethbridge and William L. Quinton of Wilfrid Laurier University for their consultation and data provision; This work was supported by the Global Water Futures (GWF)/Northern Water Futures research programs and the ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence.3900<180 Day Usage Count>44ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2352-9385REMOTE SENS APPLRemote Sens. Appl.-Soc. Environ.NOV202228
100829
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100829http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2022.1008292022-09-01 00:00:0014Environmental Sciences; Remote SensingEmerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing4U7SA2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0008589881000020 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaMackenzie Delta, InuvikNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1497-2022
Snow water equivalent change mapping from slope-correlated synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) phase variations
ArticleCRYOSPHEREMACKENZIE DELTA; GROUND TEMPERATURES; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; PERMAFROST; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; ACCURACY; CLIMATE; TUNDRA; DEPTHEppler, J; Rabus, B; Morse, PEppler, Jayson; Rabus, Bernhard; Morse, PeterEnglishArea-based measurements of snow water equivalent (SWE) are important for understanding earth system processes such as glacier mass balance, winter hydrological storage in drainage basins, and ground thermal regimes. Remote sensing techniques are ideally suited for wide-scale area-based mapping with the most commonly used technique to measure SWE being passive microwave, which is limited to coarse spatial resolutions of 25 km or greater and to areas without significant topographic variation. Passive microwave also has a negative bias for large SWE. Another method is repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) that allows measurement of SWE change at much higher spatial resolution. However, it has not been widely adopted because (1) the phase unwrapping problem has not been robustly addressed, especially for interferograms with poor coherence, and (2) SWE change maps scaled directly from repeat-pass interferograms are not an absolute measurement but contain unknown offsets for each contiguous coherent area. We develop and test a novel method for repeatpass InSAR-based dry-snow SWE estimation that exploits the sensitivity of the dry-snow refraction-induced InSAR phase to topographic variations. The method robustly estimates absolute SWE change at spatial resolutions of < 1 km without the need for phase unwrapping. We derive a quantitative signal model for this new SWE change estimator and identify the relevant sources of bias. The method is demonstrated using both simulated SWE distributions and a 9-year RADARSAT-2 (C-band, 5.405 GHz) spotlight-mode dataset near Inuvik, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. SWE results are compared to in situ snow survey measurements and estimates from ERA5 reanalysis. Our method performs well in high-relief areas, thus providing complementary coverage to passive-microwave-based SWE estimation. Further, our method has the advantage of requiring only a single wavelength band and thus can utilize existing spaceborne synthetic aperture radar systems.[Eppler, Jayson; Rabus, Bernhard] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; [Morse, Peter] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, CanadaSimon Fraser University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaEppler, J (corresponding author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Engn Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.jaysone@sfu.caEppler, Jayson/HMP-2430-2023Eppler, Jayson/0000-0002-1019-1010; Morse, Peter/0000-0003-3740-2022Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC MDA CSA Industrial Research Chair in SAR Technologies, Techniques, and Applications)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC MDA CSA Industrial Research Chair in SAR Technologies, Techniques, and Applications)This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC MDA CSA Industrial Research Chair in SAR Technologies, Techniques, and Applications).6500<180 Day Usage Count>35COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereAPR 27202216414971521
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1497-2022http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1497-202225Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; Geology0U6VG2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007877872000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0016
Thaw slump activity measured using stationary cameras in time-lapse and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEthermokarst; permafrost; remote sensing; ArcticHERSCHEL ISLAND; RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; YUKON-TERRITORY; TREND ANALYSIS; GROUND-ICE; PERMAFROST; NWT; ENVIRONMENTS; AIRCRAFTArmstrong, L; Lacelle, D; Fraser, RH; Kokelj, S; Knudby, AArmstrong, Lindsay; Lacelle, Denis; Fraser, Robert H.; Kokelj, Steve; Knudby, AndersEnglishThaw slumps are one of the most dynamic features in permafrost terrain. Improved temporal and spatial resolution monitoring of slump activity is required to better characterize their dynamics over the thaw season. We assess how a ground-based stationary camera array in a time-lapse configuration can be integrated with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based surveys and Structure-from-Motion processing to monitor the activity of thaw slumps at high temporal and spatial resolutions. We successfully constructed point-clouds and digital surface models of the headwall area of a thaw slump at 6-to 13-day intervals over the summer, significantly improving the decadal to annual temporal resolution of previous studies. The successfully modeled headwall portion of the slump revealed that headwall retreat rates were significantly correlated with mean daily air temperature, thawing degree-days, and average net short-wave radiation and suggest a two-phased slump activity. The main challenges were related to strong JPEG image compression, drifting camera clocks, and highly dynamic nature of the feature. Combined with annual UAV-based surveys, the proposed methodology can address temporal gaps in our understanding of factors driving thaw slump activity. Such insight could help predict how slumps could modify their behavior under changing climate.[Armstrong, Lindsay; Lacelle, Denis; Knudby, Anders] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Fraser, Robert H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1S 5H4, Canada; [Kokelj, Steve] Govt Northwest Terr, Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT X1A 1K3, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; Natural Resources Canada; Strategic Policy & Results Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Canada Centre for Mapping & Earth Observation (CCMEO)Lacelle, D (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.dlacelle@uottawa.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Northern Scientific Training ProgramNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Northern Scientific Training ProgramThis work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant with logistical support provided by NSERC Northern Supplement, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. We thank H. Crites, B. Wilson, and J. van der Sluijs (NWT Centre for Geomatics) for valuable field assistance and Shawne Kokelj (Water Resources Division, GNWT) for supplying Peel Plateau meteorological station data.561313<180 Day Usage Count>110CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.DEC201844827845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-0016http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2018-001619Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsHA6EEgold2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004503718000220 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12903
Transient and Transition Factors in Modeling Permafrost Thaw and Groundwater Flow
ArticleGROUNDWATERDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ACTIVE LAYER; PEAT; CONNECTIVITY; TEMPERATURES; HYDROLOGY; CLIMATELangford, JE; Schincariol, RA; Nagare, RM; Quinton, WL; Mohammed, AALangford, Joelle E.; Schincariol, Robert A.; Nagare, Ranjeet M.; Quinton, William L.; Mohammed, Aaron A.EnglishPermafrost covers approximately 24% of the Northern Hemisphere, and much of it is degrading, which causes infrastructure failures and ecosystem transitions. Understanding groundwater and heat flow processes in permafrost environments is challenging due to spatially and temporarily varying hydraulic connections between water above and below the near-surface discontinuous frozen zone. To characterize the transitional period of permafrost degradation, a three-dimensional model of a permafrost plateau that includes the supra-permafrost zone and surrounding wetlands was developed. The model is based on the Scotty Creek basin in the Northwest Territories, Canada. FEFLOW groundwater flow and heat transport modeling software is used in conjunction with the piFreeze plug-in, to account for phase changes between ice and water. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) flow model is used to calculate ground temperatures and surface water balance, which are then used as FEFLOW boundary conditions. As simulating actual permafrost evolution would require hundreds of years of climate variations over an evolving landscape, whose geomorphic features are unknown, methodologies for developing permafrost initial conditions for transient simulations were investigated. It was found that a model initialized with a transient spin-up methodology, that includes an unfrozen layer between the permafrost table and ground surface, yields better results than with steady-state permafrost initial conditions. This study also demonstrates the critical role that variations in land surface and permafrost table microtopography, along with talik development, play in permafrost degradation. Modeling permafrost dynamics will allow for the testing of remedial measures to stabilize permafrost in high value infrastructure environments.[Langford, Joelle E.; Schincariol, Robert A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [Nagare, Ranjeet M.] ARKK Engn, 168 2301 Premier Way, Edmonton, AB T8H 2K8, Canada; [Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, 75 Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Mohammed, Aaron A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaWestern University (University of Western Ontario); Wilfrid Laurier University; University of CalgarySchincariol, RA (corresponding author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.schincar@uwo.caNagare, Ranjeet/0000-0002-2709-9114; Mohammed, Aaron/0000-0001-9037-1283582424<180 Day Usage Count>575WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0017-467X1745-6584GROUNDWATERGroundwaterMAR2020582258268
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12903http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.1290311Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesKQ3VD310811322023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005168536000090 YMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTDehchoScotty Creek Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15608
Unexpected greening in a boreal permafrost peatland undergoing forest loss is partially attributable to tree species turnover
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYboreal; forest demography; Landsat; NDVI; peatland; permafrost; tree growthDIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; MAXIMUM LATEWOOD DENSITY; SPRUCE PICEA-MARIANA; SATELLITE DATA; NORTH-AMERICA; TIME-SERIES; GROWTH; NDVI; PRODUCTIVITY; TRENDSDearborn, KD; Baltzer, JLDearborn, Katherine D.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.EnglishTime series of vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery are useful in measuring vegetation response to climate warming in remote northern regions. These indices show that productivity is generally declining in the boreal forest, but it is unclear which components of boreal vegetation are driving these trends. We aimed to compare trends in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to forest growth and demographic data taken from a 10 ha mapped plot located in a spruce-dominated boreal peatland. We used microcores to quantify recent growth trends and tree census data to characterize mortality and recruitment rates of the three dominant tree species. We then compared spatial patterns in growth and demography to patterns in Landsat-derived maximum NDVI trends (1984-2019) in 78 pixels that fell within the plot. We found that NDVI trends were predominantly positive (i.e., greening) in spite of the ongoing loss of black spruce (the dominant species; 80% of stems) from the plot. The magnitude of these trends correlated positively with black spruce growth trends, but was also governed to a large extent by tree mortality and recruitment. Greening trends were weaker (lower slope) in areas with high larch mortality, and high turnover of spruce and birch, but stronger (higher slope) in areas with high larch recruitment. Larch dominance is currently low (similar to 11% of stems), but it is increasing in abundance as permafrost thaw progresses and will likely have a substantial influence on future NDVI trends. Our results emphasize that NDVI trends in boreal peatlands can be positive even when the forest as a whole is in decline, and that the magnitude of trends can be strongly influenced by the demographics of uncommon species.[Dearborn, Katherine D.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Dearborn, Katherine D.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Environm Studies & Sci, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of WinnipegDearborn, KD (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Dearborn, KD (corresponding author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Environm Studies & Sci, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.katherined88@gmail.comDearborn, Katherine/I-8178-2019Dearborn, Katherine/0000-0002-4850-7690; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928Northern Water Futures; Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water Futures; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceNorthern Water Futures; Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water Futures; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric ScienceNorthern Water Futures; Northern Scientific Training Program; Global Water Futures; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Science8944<180 Day Usage Count>328WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JUN2021271228672882
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15608http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15608APR 202116Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologySD3FG337427322023-03-05WOS:0006378919000010 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northNWTBeaufort DeltaTrail Valley CreekNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072946
Validation of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite soil moisture retrieval in an Arctic tundra environment
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSSMAP; Arctic tundra; EASE-2 gridMICROWAVE EMISSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST; FLUXES; RUNOFF; CARBONWrona, E; Rowlandson, TL; Nambiar, M; Berg, AA; Colliander, A; Marsh, PWrona, Elizabeth; Rowlandson, Tracy L.; Nambiar, Manoj; Berg, Aaron A.; Colliander, Andreas; Marsh, PhilipEnglishThis study examines the Soil Moisture Active Passive soil moisture product on the Equal Area Scalable Earth-2 (EASE-2) 36km Global cylindrical and North Polar azimuthal grids relative to two in situ soil moisture monitoring networks that were installed in 2015 and 2016. Results indicate that there is no relationship between the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Level-2 passive soil moisture product and the upscaled in situ measurements. Additionally, there is very low correlation between modeled brightness temperature using the Community Microwave Emission Model and the Level-1 C SMAP brightness temperature interpolated to the EASE-2 Global grid; however, there is a much stronger relationship to the brightness temperature measurements interpolated to the North Polar grid, suggesting that the soil moisture product could be improved with interpolation on the North Polar grid.[Wrona, Elizabeth; Rowlandson, Tracy L.; Nambiar, Manoj; Berg, Aaron A.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Colliander, Andreas] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA; [Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Wilfrid Laurier UniversityRowlandson, TL (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON, Canada.trowland@uoguelph.caBerg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Colliander, Andreas/M-9864-2018Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Colliander, Andreas/0000-0003-4093-8119; K. K, Manoj/0000-0003-1002-5300; Nambiar, Manoj K./0000-0002-8026-3235Canadian Space Agency; ArcticNet; NSERC's Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN); Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; W. Garfield Weston FoundationCanadian Space Agency(Canadian Space Agency); ArcticNet; NSERC's Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN); Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program; Polar Knowledge Canada; W. Garfield Weston FoundationThe authors would like to thank William Woodley for his assistance in the installation and maintenance of the in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Additionally, the following agencies need to be thanked for their funding provided to facilitate this study: Canadian Space Agency, ArcticNet, NSERC's Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN), the Natural Resources Canada Polar Continental Shelf Program, Polar Knowledge Canada, and the W. Garfield Weston Foundation. SMAP data are available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center following registration. Access to the Community Microwave Emission Model platform is available through the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts site (https://software.ecmwf.int/wiki/display/LDAS/CMEM). MODIS 1.5 x 1.5 m land cover information is available through the Global Land Cover Facility (http://glcf.umd.edu/data/lc/). In situ data are available by contacting the corresponding author (trowland@uoguelph.ca). Partial contribution to the research described in this publication was made at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.301414<180 Day Usage Count>318AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.MAY 16201744941524158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072946http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL0729467Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyEV9YLBronze2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004021437000230 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaSouth SlaveWood Buffalo National ParkNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050444
Relationships between Satellite-Based Spectral Burned Ratios and Terrestrial Laser Scanning
ArticleFORESTSforest fire; google earth engine; terrestrial laser scanner; laser; ground validationSELF-THINNING EXPONENT; FIRE SEVERITY; TREE MODELS; INDEX; BIOMASS; FOREST; LIDAR; ABILITY; VERSION; DNBRKato, A; Moskal, LM; Batchelor, JL; Thau, D; Hudak, ATKato, Akira; Moskal, L. Monika; Batchelor, Jonathan L.; Thau, David; Hudak, Andrew T.EnglishThree-dimensional point data acquired by Terrestrial Lidar Scanning (TLS) is used as ground observation in comparisons with fire severity indices computed from Landsat satellite multi-temporal images through Google Earth Engine (GEE). Forest fires are measured by the extent and severity of fire. Current methods of assessing fire severity are limited to on-site visual inspection or the use of satellite and aerial images to quantify severity over larger areas. On the ground, assessment of fire severity is influenced by the observers' knowledge of the local ecosystem and ability to accurately assess several forest structure measurements. The objective of this study is to introduce TLS to validate spectral burned ratios obtained from Landsat images. The spectral change was obtained by an image compositing technique through GEE. The 32 plots were collected using TLS in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. TLS-generated 3D points were converted to voxels and the counted voxels were compared in four height strata. There was a negative linear relationship between spectral indices and counted voxels in the height strata between 1 to 5 m to produce R-2 value of 0.45 and 0.47 for unburned plots and a non-linear relationship in the height strata between 0 to 0.5m for burned plots to produce R-2 value of 0.56 and 0.59. Shrub or stand development was related with the spectral indices at unburned plots, and vegetation recovery in the ground surface was related at burned plots. As TLS systems become more cost efficient and portable, techniques used in this study will be useful to produce objective assessments of structure measurements for fire refugia and ecological response after a fire. TLS is especially useful for the quick ground assessments which are needed for forest fire applications.[Kato, Akira] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Hort, Chiba 2710092, Japan; [Moskal, L. Monika; Batchelor, Jonathan L.] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Precis Forestry Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98118 USA; [Thau, David] World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th St,NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA; [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USAChiba University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; World Wildlife Fund; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest ServiceKato, A (corresponding author), Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Hort, Chiba 2710092, Japan.akiran@faculty.chiba-u.jp; lmmoskal@uw.edu; jonbatch@uw.edu; thau@wwf.org; ahudak@fs.fed.usMoskal, L. Monika/F-8715-2010Moskal, L. Monika/0000-0003-1563-6506; Batchelor, Jonathan/0000-0001-8700-3076; Hudak, Andrew/0000-0001-7480-1458Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2RF-1501]; UW Precision Forestry CooperativeEnvironment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan(Ministry of the Environment, Japan); UW Precision Forestry CooperativeThis research was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, grant number 2RF-1501 and the UW Precision Forestry Cooperative.4855<180 Day Usage Count>213MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND1999-4907FORESTSForestsMAY2019105
444
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050444http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f1005044413ForestryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)ForestryIN6TSgold2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004788147000830 NMethodologicalScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaDehchoFort Simpson, Liard River basinNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0214.1
Snowpack-Driven Streamflow Predictability under Future Climate: Contrasting Changes across Two Western Canadian River Basins
ArticleJOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGYClimate change; Climate prediction; Hydrologic models; Model evaluation; performance; Neural networks; Seasonal forecasting; Snowpack; Streamflow; Water resourcesINITIAL CONDITION; SURFACE-WATER; PREDICTION; MODEL; FORECAST; SYSTEM; TRENDSShrestha, RR; Dibike, YB; Bonsal, BRShrestha, Rajesh R.; Dibike, Yonas B.; Bonsal, Barrie R.EnglishAnthropogenic climate change-induced snowpack loss is affecting streamflow predictability, as it becomes less dependent on the initial snowpack conditions and more dependent on meteorological forecasts. We assess future changes to seasonal streamflow predictability over two large river basins, Liard and Athabasca in western Canada, by approximating streamflow response from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model with the Bayesian regularized neutral network (BRNN) machine learning emulator. We employ the BRNN emulator in a testbed ensemble streamflow prediction system by treating VIC-simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) as a known predictor and precipitation and temperature from GCMs as ensemble forecasts, thereby isolating the effect of SWE on streamflow predictability. We assess warm-season mean and maximum flow predictability over 2041-70 and 2071-2100 future periods against the1981-2010 historical period. The results indicate contrasting patterns of change, with the predictive skills for mean flow generally declining for the two basins, and marginally increasing or decreasing for the headwater subbasins. The predictive skill for maximum flow declines for the relatively warmer Athabasca basin and improves for the colder Liard basin and headwater subbasins. While the decreasing skill for the Athabasca is attributable to substantial loss in SWE, the improvement for the Liard and headwaters can be attributed to an earlier maximum flow timing that reduces the forecast horizon and offsets the effect of SWE loss. Overall, while the future change in SWE does affect the streamflow prediction skill, the loss of SWE alone is not a sufficient condition for the reduction in streamflow predictability. Significance StatementThe purpose of this study is to evaluate potential changes in seasonal streamflow predictability in relation to snowpack change under future climate. This is highly relevant because snowpack storage provides a means of predicting available freshet water supply, as well as peak flow events in cold regions. We use a machine learning model as an emulator of a hydrologic model in a testbed ensemble prediction system. Our results provide insights on hydroclimatic controls and interactions that affect future streamflow predictability across two river basins in western Canada. We conclude that besides snowpack, predictability depends on a number of other factors (basin/subbasin characteristics, streamflow variables, and future periods), and the loss of snowpack alone is not a sufficient condition for the reduction in streamflow predictability.[Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Dibike, Yonas B.] Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie R.] Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change CanadaShrestha, RR (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada.rajesh.shrestha@ec.gc.caShrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-64957100<180 Day Usage Count>46AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCBOSTON45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693, UNITED STATES1525-755X1525-7541J HYDROMETEOROLJ. Hydrometeorol.JUL202223711131129
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0214.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0214.117Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences3X5HTBronze2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0008430725000050 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040418
Aircraft Takeoff Performance in a Changing Climate for Canadian Airports
ArticleATMOSPHEREclimate change; aviation; aircraft performance; maximum daily temperature; weight restriction day; crosswind; tailwindMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; PROJECTED CHANGES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURES; TURBULENCE; IMPACTZhao, YJ; Sushama, LZhao, Yijie; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishTemperature and wind are major meteorological factors that affect the takeoff and landing performance of aircraft. Warmer temperatures and the associated decrease in air density in future climate, and changes to crosswind and tailwind, can potentially impact aircraft performance. This study evaluates projected changes to aircraft takeoff performance, in terms of weight restriction days and strong tailwind and crosswind occurrences, for 13 major airports across Canada, for three categories of aircraft used for long-, medium- and short-haul flights. To this end, two five-member ensembles of transient climate change simulations performed with a regional climate model, for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, are analyzed. Results suggest that the projected increases in weight restriction days associated with the increases in daily maximum temperatures vary with aircraft category and airfield location, with larger increases noted for airfields in the south central regions of Canada. Although avoiding takeoff during the warmest period of the day could be a potential solution, analysis focused on the warmest and coolest periods of the day suggests more weight restriction hours even during the coolest period of the day, for these airfields. Though RCP8.5 in general suggests larger changes to weight restriction hours compared to RCP4.5, the differences between the two scenarios are more prominent for the coolest part of the day, as projected changes to daily minimum temperatures occur at a much faster rate for RCP8.5 compared to RCP4.5, and also due to the higher increases in daily minimum temperatures compared to maximum temperatures. Both increases and decreases to crosswind and tailwind are projected, which suggest the need for detailed case studies, especially for those airfields that suggest increases. This study provides useful preliminary insights related to aircraft performance in a warmer climate, which will be beneficial to the aviation sector in developing additional analysis and to support climate change adaptation-related decision-making.[Zhao, Yijie] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, CanadaMcGill University; McGill UniversityZhao, YJ (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.yijie.zhao@mail.mcgill.ca; laxmi.sushama@mcgill.caNational Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignNational Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignThis research was funded by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design.4733<180 Day Usage Count>39MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2073-4433ATMOSPHERE-BASELAtmosphereAPR2020114
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040418http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos1104041821Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesLW9WEgold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005394922001050 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14888
Climate change decreases the cooling effect from postfire albedo in boreal North America
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYABoVE; biophysics; climate feedback; energy budget; land; fire management; MODIS; successionLAND-SURFACE ALBEDO; CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; CARBON EMISSIONS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; PRODUCT MCD43A; MODIS ALBEDO; BURNED AREA; COVER; VULNERABILITY; VEGETATIONPotter, S; Solvik, K; Erb, A; Goetz, SJ; Johnstone, JF; Mack, MC; Randerson, JT; Roman, MO; Schaaf, CL; Turetsky, MR; Veraverbeke, S; Walker, XJ; Wang, ZS; Massey, R; Rogers, BMPotter, Stefano; Solvik, Kylen; Erb, Angela; Goetz, Scott J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Mack, Michelle C.; Randerson, James T.; Roman, Miguel O.; Schaaf, Crystal L.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Veraverbeke, Sander; Walker, Xanthe J.; Wang, Zhuosen; Massey, Richard; Rogers, Brendan M.EnglishFire is a primary disturbance in boreal forests and generates both positive and negative climate forcings. The influence of fire on surface albedo is a predominantly negative forcing in boreal forests, and one of the strongest overall, due to increased snow exposure in the winter and spring months. Albedo forcings are spatially and temporally heterogeneous and depend on a variety of factors related to soils, topography, climate, land cover/vegetation type, successional dynamics, time since fire, season, and fire severity. However, how these variables interact to influence albedo is not well understood, and quantifying these relationships and predicting postfire albedo becomes increasingly important as the climate changes and management frameworks evolve to consider climate impacts. Here we developed a MODIS-derived 'blue sky' albedo product and a novel machine learning modeling framework to predict fire-driven changes in albedo under historical and future climate scenarios across boreal North America. Converted to radiative forcing (RF), we estimated that fires generate an annual mean cooling of -1.77 +/- 1.35 W/m(2) from albedo under historical climate conditions (1971-2000) integrated over 70 years postfire. Increasing postfire albedo along a south-north climatic gradient was offset by a nearly opposite gradient in solar insolation, such that large-scale spatial patterns in RF were minimal. Our models suggest that climate change will lead to decreases in mean annual postfire albedo, and hence a decreasing strength of the negative RF, a trend dominated by decreased snow cover in spring months. Considering the range of future climate scenarios and model uncertainties, we estimate that for fires burning in the current era (2016) the cooling effect from long-term postfire albedo will be reduced by 15%-28% due to climate change.[Potter, Stefano; Solvik, Kylen; Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Solvik, Kylen] Univ Colorado, Geog Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Erb, Angela; Schaaf, Crystal L.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Environm, Boston, MA 02125 USA; [Goetz, Scott J.; Massey, Richard] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska, UAF Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AL USA; [Mack, Michelle C.; Walker, Xanthe J.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Randerson, James T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA; [Roman, Miguel O.; Wang, Zhuosen] Univ Space Res Assoc, Earth Space Inst, Columbia, MD USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Veraverbeke, Sander] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Wang, Zhuosen] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USAWoods Hole Research Center; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Boston; Northern Arizona University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Northern Arizona University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Universities Space Research Association (USRA); University of Guelph; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College ParkPotter, S (corresponding author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.spotter@whrc.orgWang, Zhuosen/HCI-3669-2022; Veraverbeke, Sander/H-2301-2012; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Johnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009Veraverbeke, Sander/0000-0003-1362-5125; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Solvik, Kylen/0000-0001-6537-1791; Potter, Stefano/0000-0002-5141-3409; Randerson, James/0000-0001-6559-7387National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX14AI73G, NNX15AU56A]National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Grant/Award Number: NNX14AI73G and NNX15AU56A1141616<180 Day Usage Count>463WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.MAR202026315921607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14888http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.148882019-11-01 00:00:0016Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKS0ZZ316584112023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004971210000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155938
Pervasive changes in algal indicators since pre-industrial times: A paleolimnological study of changes in primary production and diatom assemblages from-200 Canadian lakes
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTDiatoms; Chlorophyll a; Planktonic; Climate change; Sediment; Human impact; Top-bottomCLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NOVA-SCOTIA; PATTERNS; ONTARIO; EUTROPHICATION; ACIDIFICATION; CARBONATE; RESPONSES; IGNITIONGriffiths, K; Jeziorski, A; Antoniades, D; Beaulieu, M; Smol, JP; Gregory-Eaves, IGriffiths, Katherine; Jeziorski, Adam; Antoniades, Dermot; Beaulieu, Marieke; Smol, John P.; Gregory-Eaves, IreneEnglishAnthropogenic stressors affect lakes around the world, ranging in scale from catchment-specific pollutants to the global impacts of climate change. Canada has a large number and diversity of lakes, yet it is not well understood how, where, and when human impacts have affected these lakes at a national scale. The NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network sought to create the first nationwide database of Canadian lake health, undertaking a multi-year survey of 664 lakes spanning 12 ecozones across Canada. A key objective of the network is to determine where, by how much, and why have Canadian lakes changed during the Anthropocene. To address this objective, we compared sedimentary chlorophyll a and diatoms from modern and pre-industrial sediment intervals of-200 lakes. The lakes spanned a range of sizes, ecozones, and degrees of within-catchment land use change. We inferred the quantity of chlorophyll a, its isomers and main diagenetic products using visible reflectance spectroscopy. We found widespread increases in primary production since pre-industrial times. Primary production increased, on average, across all ecozones, human impact classes, and stratification classes. Likewise, an increase in planktonic diatom taxa over time was detected in the majority of sampled lakes, likely due to recent climate warming. However, regional factors (ecozones) explained the most variation in modern diatom species assemblages as well as their temporal turnover. Furthermore, lakes with high human impact (i.e., higher weighted proportions of human land use in the catchment) exhibited greater taxonomic turnover than lakes with a low human impact class. The greatest diatom turnover was found in the agriculture-rich Prairies and the lowest in the sparsely populated Boreal Shield and Taiga Cordillera ecozones. Overall, our study highlights that drivers operating at different geographic scales (i.e., climatic and land-use changes) have led to significant alterations in algal indicators since pre-industrial times across the country.[Griffiths, Katherine; Beaulieu, Marieke; Gregory-Eaves, Irene] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Griffiths, Katherine; Antoniades, Dermot; Beaulieu, Marieke; Gregory-Eaves, Irene] Grp Interuniv Res Limnol & Aquat Environm GRIL, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Jeziorski, Adam; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Antoniades, Dermot] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; Queens University - Canada; Laval UniversityGriffiths, K (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.katherine.griffiths@mcgill.caJeziorski, Adam/0000-0001-7701-7247Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [NETGP 479720]; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature and Technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature and Technologies; Canada Research Chairs program [950-230588)]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature and Technologies; Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature and Technologies; Canada Research Chairs program(Canada Research Chairs)Thank you to the many groups project and partners of the LakePulse network, in particular the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC; grant NETGP 479720 and EcoLac training grant) , the Fonds de Recherche du Quebec - Nature and Technologies (strategic network grant awarded to the Group de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie) and the Canada Research Chairs program (file no. 950-230588) for funding this research. The samples were collected by the hard-working LakePulse field teams who sampled lakes across Canada, with a special thank you to all the people who welcomed our teams onto their land to sample. Thank you to Paul Hamilton and the Canadian Museum of Nature for taxonomic support and access to their scanning electron microscope, and to Michelle Cheng and Helen Yu for their work processing the sediments for diatoms. We are grateful to Michelle Gros for sediment sample processing, Christopher Grooms for running the 210Pb gamma spectroscopy on the top-bottom pairs, and Candice Aulard and Alex Baud for their analyses of full core chro-nologies. Thank you to the anonymous reviewers and editor for your feedback, which helped to strengthen our manuscript. Finally, thank you to the many students, postdocs and research professionals who are part of LakePulse, particularly Yannick Huot, the Director of the NSERC Lake Pulse Strategic Network.8111<180 Day Usage Count>913ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.SEP 1020228382
155938
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155938http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1559382022-05-01 00:00:0013Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology2A7AR35580682hybrid2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0008096508000040 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05126-4
Short-duration precipitation extremes over Canada in a warmer climate
ArticleCLIMATE DYNAMICSShort-duration precipitation extreme; P-T relationship; Climate change; Canada; Global environment multiscale (GEM) modelMULTISCALE GEM MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; CONVECTIVE PRECIPITATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; TEMPERATURE; INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; RAINFALL; WEATHEROh, SG; Sushama, LOh, Seok-Geun; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishShort-duration precipitation extremes are widely used in the design of engineering infrastructure systems and they also lead to high impact flash flood events and landslides. Better understanding of these events in a changing climate is therefore critical. This study assesses characteristics of short-duration precipitation extremes of 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-h durations in terms of the precipitation-temperature (P-T) relationship in current and future climates for ten Canadian climatic regions using the limited area version of the global environment multiscale (GEM) model. The GEM simulations, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis and two coupled global climate models (CanESM2 and MPI-ESM), reproduce the general observed regional P-T relationship characteristics in current climate (1981-2010), such as sub-CC (Clausius-Clapeyron) and CC scalings for the coastal and northern, and inland regions, respectively, albeit with some underestimation. Analysis of the transient climate change simulations suggests important shifts and/or extensions of the P-T curve to higher temperature bins in future climate (2071-2100) for RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, particularly for 1-h duration. Analysis of the spatial patterns of dew point depression (temperature minus dew point temperature) and convective available potential energy (CAPE) corresponding to short-duration precipitation extremes for different temperature bins show their changing relative importance from low to high temperature bins. For the low-temperature bins, short-duration precipitation extremes are largely due to high relative humidity, while for high-temperature bins, strong convection due to atmospheric instability brought by surface warming is largely responsible. The analysis thus addresses some of the key knowledge gaps related to the behavior of P-T relationship and associated mechanisms for the Canadian regions.[Oh, Seok-Geun; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Oh, Seok-Geun; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; McGill UniversityOh, SG (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Oh, SG (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada.seokgeun.oh@mcgill.caOh, Seok-Geun/0000-0001-7496-9402501111<180 Day Usage Count>325SPRINGERNEW YORKONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES0930-75751432-0894CLIM DYNAMClim. Dyn.FEB20205424932509
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05126-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05126-417Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKR8ZT2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005179041000410 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-018-0105-5
Spatially-integrated estimates of net ecosystem exchange and methane fluxes from Canadian peatlands
ArticleCARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENTPeatlands; Net ecosystem exchange; Methane; Peatland map; Spatial integration; National estimatesCARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CO2 EXCHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN PEATLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-TABLE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; WESTERN CANADA; PATTERNED FEN; JAMES BAYWebster, KL; Bhatti, JS; Thompson, DK; Nelson, SA; Shaw, CH; Bona, KA; Hayne, SL; Kurz, WAWebster, K. L.; Bhatti, J. S.; Thompson, D. K.; Nelson, S. A.; Shaw, C. H.; Bona, K. A.; Hayne, S. L.; Kurz, W. A.EnglishBackground: Peatlands are an important component of Canada's landscape, however there is little information on their national-scale net emissions of carbon dioxide [Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE)] and methane (CH4). This study compiled results for peatland NEE and CH4 emissions from chamber and eddy covariance studies across Canada. The data were summarized by bog, poor fen and rich-intermediate fen categories for the seven major peatland containing terrestrial ecozones (Atlantic Maritime, Mixedwood Plains, Boreal Shield, Boreal Plains, Hudson Plains, Taiga Shield, Taiga Plains) that comprise > 96% of all peatlands nationally. Reports of multiple years of data from a single site were averaged and different microforms (e.g., hummock or hollow) within these peatland types were kept separate. A new peatlands map was created from forest composition and structure information that distinguishes bog from rich and poor fen. National Forest Inventory k-NN forest structure maps, bioclimatic variables (mean diurnal range and seasonality of temperatures) and ground surface slope were used to construct the new map. The Earth Observation for Sustainable Development map of wetlands was used to identify open peatlands with minor tree cover. Results: The new map was combined with averages of observed NEE and CH4 emissions to estimate a growing season integrated NEE (+/- SE) at - 108.8 (+/- 41.3) Mt CO2 season(-1) and CH4 emission at 4.1 (+/- 1.5) Mt CH4 season(-1) for the seven ecozones. Converting CH4 to CO2 equivalent (CO2 e; Global Warming Potential of 25 over 100 years) resulted in a total net sink of - 7.0 (+/- 77.6) Mt CO2 e season(-1) for Canada. Boreal Plains peatlands contributed most to the NEE sink due to high CO2 uptake rates and large peatland areas, while Boreal Shield peatlands contributed most to CH4 emissions due to moderate emission rates and large peatland areas. Assuming a winter CO2 emission of 0.9 g CO2 M-2 day(-1) creates an annual CO2 source (24.2 Mt CO2 year(-1) ) and assuming a winter CH4 emission of 7 mg CH4 M-2 day(-1) inflates the total net source to 151.8 Mt CO2 e year(-1). Conclusions: This analysis improves upon previous basic, aspatial estimates and discusses the potential sources of the high uncertainty in spatially integrated fluxes, indicating a need for continued monitoring and refined maps of peatland distribution for national carbon and greenhouse gas flux estimation.[Webster, K. L.; Nelson, S. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada; [Bhatti, J. S.; Thompson, D. K.; Shaw, C. H.; Bona, K. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, 5320 122 St NW, Edmonton, AB ABT6H 3S5, Canada; [Hayne, S. L.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, 351 St Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, PQ K1A 0H3, Canada; [Kurz, W. A.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, 506 Burnside Rd W, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Great Lakes Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceWebster, KL (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.Kara.Webster@canada.caBona, Kelly Ann/0000-0003-3016-077X; Thompson, Dan/0000-0003-4937-8875Government of CanadaGovernment of Canada(CGIAR)The authors wish to acknowledge funding from the Government of Canada's Expanding Market Opportunities Program in support of scientific research related to the implementation of the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement (CBFA).912828<180 Day Usage Count>640BMCLONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1750-0680CARBON BAL MANAGECarbon Balanc. Manag.SEP 20201813
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-018-0105-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13021-018-0105-521Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHA1JF30238271Green Accepted, gold, Green Published2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004499681000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133668
The NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network: A national assessment of lake health providing science for water management in a changing climate
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTLimnology; Lake health; Canadian lakes; Climate change; FreshwaterENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; WASTE-WATER; FRESH-WATER; FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH; MULTIPLE STRESSORS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMSHuot, Y; Brown, CA; Potvin, G; Antoniades, D; Baulch, HM; Beisner, BE; Belanger, S; Brazeau, S; Cabana, H; Cardille, JA; del Giorgio, PA; Gregory-Eaves, I; Fortink, MJ; Lang, AS; Laurion, I; Maranger, R; Prairie, YT; Rusak, JA; Segura, PA; Siron, R; Smol, JP; Vinebrooke, RD; Walsh, DAHuot, Yannick; Brown, Catherine A.; Potvin, Genevieve; Antoniades, Dermot; Baulch, Helen M.; Beisner, Beatrix E.; Belanger, Simon; Brazeau, Stephanie; Cabana, Hubert; Cardille, Jeffrey A.; del Giorgio, Paul A.; Gregory-Eaves, Irene; Fortink, Marie-Josee; Lang, Andrew S.; Laurion, Isabelle; Maranger, Roxane; Prairie, Yves T.; Rusak, James A.; Segura, Pedro A.; Siron, Robert; Smol, John P.; Vinebrooke, Rolf D.; Walsh, David A.EnglishThe distribution and quality of water resources vary dramatically across Canada, and human impacts such as land-use and climate changes are exacerbating uncertainties in water supply and security. At the national level, Canada has no enforceable standards for sate drinking water and no comprehensive water-monitoring program to provide detailed, timely reporting on the state of water resources. To provide Canada's first national assessment of lake health, the NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network was launched in 2016 as an academic-government research partnership. LakePulse uses traditional approaches for limnological monitoring as well as state-of-the-art methods in the fields of genornics, emerging contaminants, greenhouse gases, invasive pathogens, paleolimnology, spatial modelling, statistical analysis, and remote sensing. A coordinated sampling program of about 680 lakes together with historical archives and a geomatics analysis of over 80,000 lake watersheds are used to examine the extent to which lakes are being altered now and in the future, and how this impacts aquatic ecosystem services of societal importance. Herein we review the network context, objectives and methods. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.[Huot, Yannick; Brown, Catherine A.; Potvin, Genevieve] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Huot, Yannick; Potvin, Genevieve; Beisner, Beatrix E.; Cardille, Jeffrey A.; del Giorgio, Paul A.; Gregory-Eaves, Irene; Laurion, Isabelle; Maranger, Roxane; Prairie, Yves T.; Walsh, David A.] Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol & Environm Aquat GRIL, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Antoniades, Dermot] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Baulch, Helen M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Beisner, Beatrix E.; del Giorgio, Paul A.; Prairie, Yves T.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada; [Belanger, Simon] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Grp BOREAS, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Brazeau, Stephanie] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada; [Cabana, Hubert] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Genie Civil & Genie Batiment, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Cardille, Jeffrey A.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Cardille, Jeffrey A.] McGill Univ, McGill Sch Environm, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Gregory-Eaves, Irene] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada; [Fortink, Marie-Josee] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; [Lang, Andrew S.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1M 2A9, Canada; [Laurion, Isabelle] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada; [Maranger, Roxane] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, CP 6128 Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Rusak, James A.] Ontario Minist Environm Conservat & Pk, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada; [Segura, Pedro A.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Chim, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Siron, Robert] Ouranos, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B9, Canada; [Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Vinebrooke, Rolf D.] Univ Alberta, Centennial Ctr Interdisciplinary Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Walsh, David A.] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, CanadaUniversity of Sherbrooke; Laval University; University of Saskatchewan; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Public Health Agency of Canada; University of Sherbrooke; McGill University; McGill University; McGill University; University of Toronto; Memorial University Newfoundland; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); Universite de Montreal; University of Sherbrooke; Ouranos Consortium; Queens University - Canada; University of Alberta; Concordia University - CanadaHuot, Y (corresponding author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appl, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.Yannick.Huot@USherbrooke.caBeisner, Beatrix/ABG-7855-2020; Prairie, Yves T./B-9108-2008; del Giorgio, Paul/AAD-1315-2019Beisner, Beatrix/0000-0001-6972-6887; Prairie, Yves T./0000-0003-1210-992X; del Giorgio, Paul/0000-0003-1866-8159; Lang, Andrew/0000-0002-4510-7683; Cabana, Hubert/0000-0003-3417-6816; Antoniades, Dermot/0000-0001-6629-4839; Baulch, Helen/0000-0001-9018-4NSERC; Universite de SherbrookeNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Universite de SherbrookeWe are extremely thankful to the many groups who are supporting LakePulse across Canada and who have supported our field campaigns. We are particularly thankful to the Indigenous peoples, lake associations, watershed associations, andmany community groups and private landownerswho havewelcomed our field teams. We are also grateful to our external advisers (Amina Pollard and Daniel Hering) who are participating in the scientific committee, and to John Downingwho is chairing the committee. We thank Nicolas Fortin St-Gelais for his contributions to the ecosystem services ideas and Ralph Pentland for reviewing the policy aspects in the draftmanuscript. Wealso thank our board of directors, particularly Rick Buttswho is chairing the board, for their help and guidance. This work was supported by NSERC, contributions from our partners, and by the Universite de Sherbrooke. Finally, a special thanks to the students, postdocs and research professionals who have spent countless hours preparing the LakePulse Survey, sampling lakes, aswell as shipping, receiving, and analysing samples, which make LakePulse possible.2063939<180 Day Usage Count>761ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 102019695
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133668http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13366818Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyJN3LY31419692hybrid2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004968022000320 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004573
Tree Ring Reconstructions of Stemwood Biomass Indicate Increases in the Growth Rate of Black Spruce Trees Across Boreal Forests of Canada
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCEStree growth; tree biomass; growth enhancement; forest productivity; boreal forest; forest biomass dynamicsTERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; JACK PINE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL RESPONSE; RADIAL GROWTH; RESIDUALS VS.; WHITE SPRUCE; TRENDS; MODELSHember, RA; Kurz, WA; Girardin, MPHember, Robbie A.; Kurz, Werner A.; Girardin, Martin P.EnglishThe claim that changes in atmospheric composition and climate have enhanced the growth rate of trees is prevalent in science, yet it is not supported by many recent tree ring studies. In this study, we analyzed historical time trends in stemwood biomass growth derived from black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) trees at 248 plots across Canada. The sample consisted of trees that were live and dominant at the time of sampling (LDS). Observations of stemwood biomass of LDS trees at a reference age of 75 years (B-sw75,B-LDS) increased by 154 to 321% over 1901-2001 depending on the method of trend estimation. Simulations from a calibrated individual-based Growth and Yield model-forced with varying degrees of hypothetical trend in tree growth-were used to estimate the proportion of trend that could be attributed to intrinsic factors, including artefacts introduced by sampling from LDS trees instead of from the population of trees. Imposing no time trend in simulated tree growth, stemwood biomass of 75-year-old LDS trees (B-sw75,B-LDS,B-Model) increased by 63% (41 to 85% CI). We conclude that the remaining variation in growth of LDS trees (154 to 321% minus 63% = 91 to 258%) can be attributed to net extrinsic forcing. The scaling relationship between LDS and population trees further suggested that stemwood biomass growth of the population (G(sw75,POP)) increased by 47 to 82%. By accounting for both natural dynamics and artefacts of the sampling design in estimation of net intrinsic forcing, we gained confidence that growth rate of black spruce trees across Canada increased significantly over 1901-2001. While growth enhancement is consistent with beneficial effects of increasing levels of reactive nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and warming, there remains uncertainty in the degree that applied procedures fully account for known sampling artefacts.[Hember, Robbie A.] BC Minist Forests Lands Nat Resource Operat & Rur, Climate Change & Integrated Planning, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Kurz, Werner A.] Nat Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Girardin, Martin P.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Ste Foy, PQ, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest ServiceHember, RA (corresponding author), BC Minist Forests Lands Nat Resource Operat & Rur, Climate Change & Integrated Planning, Victoria, BC, Canada.robert.hember@gov.bc.caHember, Robbie/0000-0002-1460-3289; Kurz, Werner/0000-0003-4576-7849; Girardin, Martin/0000-0003-0436-7486Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment Forest Service; Manitoba Conservation Forestry Branch; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources; New Brunswick Natural Resources; Newfoundland and Labrador Environment and ConservationPacific Institute for Climate Solutions; British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Alberta Sustainable Resource Development; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment Forest Service; Manitoba Conservation Forestry Branch; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources; New Brunswick Natural Resources; Newfoundland and Labrador Environment and ConservationThis research was supported by the Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions. We gratefully acknowledge access to tree ring data and metadata collected by the Canadian National Forest Inventory. We also thank Christine Simard, Julie Fradette, David Gervais, Catherine McNalty, and Thierry Varem-Sanders for the contributions made to the processing of tree ring data. We thank those involved in funding, collecting, and processing of permanent sample plots, including British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment Forest Service, Manitoba Conservation Forestry Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, New Brunswick Natural Resources, and Newfoundland and Labrador Environment and Conservation. The authors also thank Ted Hogg, Michael Michaelian, Xiaojing Guo, and Juha Metsaranta for the comments during internal review. All tree ring data used in this study are available to the public from Canada's National Forest Inventory website (https://nfi.nfis.org/en).Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor for their constructive comments that helped improve this manuscript.991111<180 Day Usage Count>314AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.AUG2019124824602480
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004573http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG00457321Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyJP0ILhybrid2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0004979553000040 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTCanadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107800
Understanding and modelling future wind-driven rain loads on building envelopes for Canada
ArticleBUILDING AND ENVIRONMENTWind-driven rain; Building fa?ades; Wind-driven rain spells; Climate change; Regional climate modelling; Risk categoriesPROJECTED CHANGES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; PARAMETERIZATIONDukhan, T; Sushama, LDukhan, Tarek; Sushama, LaxmiEnglishWind-driven rain (WDR) is the amount of rainfall that passes through a vertical plane due to its co-occurrence with wind, which can adversely impact the performance of building fa?ades. Hygrothermal and durability analysis of fa?ades require quantification of future WDR loads for a changing climate. This study evaluates projected changes to WDR loads across Canada for the end of century using regional climate model simulations for the Representative Concentration Pathway scenario 8.5. WDR loads are quantified in terms of omnidirectional and directional WDR amounts over periods of interest, which are relative indicators of WDR exposure and potential moisture content of absorbent surfaces, respectively. Furthermore, return levels of annual maximum WDR spell amounts, which are representative of the risk penetration through the fa?ade, are also used to develop WDR risk category maps for Canada and specifically for 16 Canadian cities. Future projections suggest increases in WDR loads for Arctic Canada, due to increases in both rainfall and wind magnitudes, while for other regions with increased loads, it is mostly due to increases in rainfall. Results suggest a shift in the timing of the highest monthly WDR loads from summer to fall, which is suggestive of higher WDR penetration through wall systems, given the relatively low evaporation rate in fall compared to summer even in a warmer climate. Furthermore, the developed WDR risk category maps show changes to critical fa?ade orientations with elevated risk in future climate. This information is crucial in the development of detailed guidelines to ensure climate-resilient buildings.[Dukhan, Tarek; Sushama, Laxmi] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, CanadaMcGill UniversityDukhan, T (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada.tarek.dukhan@mail.mcgill.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignThis research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design. The simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada.4244<180 Day Usage Count>313PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0360-13231873-684XBUILD ENVIRONBuild. Environ.JUN2021196
107800
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107800http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.1078002021-03-01 00:00:0017Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, CivilScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Construction & Building Technology; EngineeringRQ5HP2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006424493000040 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z
Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century
ArticleNATURESEA-LEVEL RISE; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; COMPLETE INVENTORY; NEPAL HIMALAYA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VOLUME CHANGE; ICE-SHEET; SURFACE; BALANCE; UNCERTAINTYHugonnet, R; McNabb, R; Berthier, E; Menounos, B; Nuth, C; Girod, L; Farinotti, D; Huss, M; Dussaillant, I; Brun, F; Kaab, AHugonnet, Romain; McNabb, Robert; Berthier, Etienne; Menounos, Brian; Nuth, Christopher; Girod, Luc; Farinotti, Daniel; Huss, Matthias; Dussaillant, Ines; Brun, Fanny; Kaab, AndreasEnglishGlaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are shrinking rapidly, altering regional hydrology(1), raising global sea level(2) and elevating natural hazards(3). Yet, owing to the scarcity of constrained mass loss observations, glacier evolution during the satellite era is known only partially, as a geographic and temporal patchwork(4,5). Here we reveal the accelerated, albeit contrasting, patterns of glacier mass loss during the early twenty-first century. Using largely untapped satellite archives, we chart surface elevation changes at a high spatiotemporal resolution over all of Earth's glaciers. We extensively validate our estimates against independent, high-precision measurements and present a globally complete and consistent estimate of glacier mass change. We show that during 2000-2019, glaciers lost a mass of 267 +/- 16 gigatonnes per year, equivalent to 21 +/- 3 per cent of the observed sea-level rise(6). We identify a mass loss acceleration of 48 +/- 16 gigatonnes per year per decade, explaining 6 to 19 per cent of the observed acceleration of sea-level rise. Particularly, thinning rates of glaciers outside ice sheet peripheries doubled over the past two decades. Glaciers currently lose more mass, and at similar or larger acceleration rates, than the Greenland or Antarctic ice sheets taken separately(7-9). By uncovering the patterns of mass change in many regions, we find contrasting glacier fluctuations that agree with the decadal variability in precipitation and temperature. These include a North Atlantic anomaly of decelerated mass loss, a strongly accelerated loss from northwestern American glaciers, and the apparent end of the Karakoram anomaly of mass gain(10). We anticipate our highly resolved estimates to advance the understanding of drivers that govern the distribution of glacier change, and to extend our capabilities of predicting these changes at all scales. Predictions robustly benchmarked against observations are critically needed to design adaptive policies for the local- and regional-scale management of water resources and cryospheric risks, as well as for the global-scale mitigation of sea-level rise. Analysis of satellite stereo imagery uncovers two decades of mass change for all of Earth's glaciers, revealing accelerated glacier shrinkage and regionally contrasting changes consistent with decadal climate variability.[Hugonnet, Romain; Berthier, Etienne; Dussaillant, Ines] Univ Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CNES,IRD,LEGOS, Toulouse, France; [Hugonnet, Romain; Farinotti, Daniel; Huss, Matthias] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland; [Hugonnet, Romain; Farinotti, Daniel; Huss, Matthias] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [McNabb, Robert] Ulster Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland; [McNabb, Robert; Nuth, Christopher; Girod, Luc; Kaab, Andreas] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway; [Menounos, Brian] Univ Northern British Columbia, Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Menounos, Brian] Hakai Inst, Campbell River, BC, Canada; [Nuth, Christopher] Norwegian Def Res Estab, Kjeller, Norway; [Huss, Matthias] Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, Fribourg, Switzerland; [Dussaillant, Ines] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland; [Brun, Fanny] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, CNRS, IGE,IRD, Grenoble, FranceUniversite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et oceanographie spatiales; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Ulster University; University of Oslo; University of Northern British Columbia; Hakai Institute; Norwegian Defence Research Establishment; University of Fribourg; University of Zurich; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)Hugonnet, R (corresponding author), Univ Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, CNES,IRD,LEGOS, Toulouse, France.;Hugonnet, R (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland.;Hugonnet, R (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.romain.hugonnet@gmail.comBerthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155; Girod, Luc/0000-0003-3627-5885; Farinotti, Daniel/0000-0003-3417-4570; McNabb, Robert/0000-0003-0016-493X; Hugonnet, Romain/0000-0002-0955-1306100264271<180 Day Usage Count>84254NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureAPR 2920215927856726+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z22Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRU8CH33911269Green Submitted, Green AcceptedYY2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0006453689000140 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109115
Causality guided machine learning model on wetland CH4 emissions across global wetlands
ArticleAGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGYEddy covariance CH4 emission; Wetlands; Causal inference; Machine learningGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ARCTIC POLYGONAL TUNDRA; METHANE EMISSION; MICROTOPOGRAPHY DETERMINES; ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ECOSYSTEM CO2; PRESENT STATE; BOREAL FEN; CARBONYuan, KXJ; Zhu, Q; Li, F; Riley, WJ; Torn, M; Chu, HS; McNicol, G; Chen, M; Knox, S; Delwiche, K; Wu, HY; Baldocchi, D; Ma, HX; Desai, AR; Chen, JQ; Sachs, T; Ueyama, M; Sonnentag, O; Helbig, M; Tuittila, ES; Jurasinski, G; Koebsch, F; Campbell, D; Schmid, HP; Lohila, A; Goeckede, M; Nilsson, MB; Friborg, T; Jansen, J; Zona, D; Euskirchen, E; Ward, EJ; Bohrer, G; Jin, ZN; Liu, LC; Iwata, H; Goodrich, J; Jackson, RYuan, Kunxiaojia; Zhu, Qing; Li, Fa; Riley, William J.; Torn, Margaret; Chu, Housen; McNicol, Gavin; Chen, Min; Knox, Sara; Delwiche, Kyle; Wu, Huayi; Baldocchi, Dennis; Ma, Hongxu; Desai, Ankur R.; Chen, Jiquan; Sachs, Torsten; Ueyama, Masahito; Sonnentag, Oliver; Helbig, Manuel; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Jurasinski, Gerald; Koebsch, Franziska; Campbell, David; Schmid, Hans Peter; Lohila, Annalea; Goeckede, Mathias; Nilsson, Mats B.; Friborg, Thomas; Jansen, Joachim; Zona, Donatella; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Ward, Eric J.; Bohrer, Gil; Jin, Zhenong; Liu, Licheng; Iwata, Hiroki; Goodrich, Jordan; Jackson, RobertEnglishWetland CH4 emissions are among the most uncertain components of the global CH4 budget. The complex nature of wetland CH4 processes makes it challenging to identify causal relationships for improving our understanding and predictability of CH4 emissions. In this study, we used the flux measurements of CH4 from eddy covariance towers (30 sites from 4 wetlands types: bog, fen, marsh, and wet tundra) to construct a causality-constrained machine learning (ML) framework to explain the regulative factors and to capture CH4 emissions at sub -seasonal scale. We found that soil temperature is the dominant factor for CH4 emissions in all studied wetland types. Ecosystem respiration (CO2) and gross primary productivity exert controls at bog, fen, and marsh sites with lagged responses of days to weeks. Integrating these asynchronous environmental and biological causal relationships in predictive models significantly improved model performance. More importantly, modeled CH4 emissions differed by up to a factor of 4 under a +1C warming scenario when causality constraints were considered. These results highlight the significant role of causality in modeling wetland CH(4 )emissions especially under future warming conditions, while traditional data-driven ML models may reproduce observations for the wrong reasons. Our proposed causality-guided model could benefit predictive modeling, large-scale upscaling, data gap-filling, and surrogate modeling of wetland CH4 emissions within earth system land models.[Yuan, Kunxiaojia; Zhu, Qing; Li, Fa; Riley, William J.; Torn, Margaret; Chu, Housen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [McNicol, Gavin] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA; [Li, Fa; Chen, Min] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI USA; [Knox, Sara] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Delwiche, Kyle; Baldocchi, Dennis] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA; [Wu, Huayi] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & Re, Wuhan, Peoples R China; [Ma, Hongxu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA USA; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI USA; [Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Japan; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joesnuu, Finland; [Jurasinski, Gerald] Univ Rostock, Landscape Ecol, Rostock, Germany; [Koebsch, Franziska] Univ Gottingen, Digital Forest, Gottingen, Germany; [Campbell, David; Goodrich, Jordan] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand; [Schmid, Hans Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Karlsruhe, Germany; [Lohila, Annalea] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, Jena, Germany; [Nilsson, Mats B.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Jansen, Joachim] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden; [Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Ward, Eric J.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA; [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH USA; [Jin, Zhenong; Liu, Licheng] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN USA; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Japan; [Jackson, Robert] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA USAUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Wuhan University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Michigan State University; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Osaka Metropolitan University; Universite de Montreal; Dalhousie University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Rostock; University of Gottingen; University of Waikato; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; University of Helsinki; Max Planck Society; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Uppsala University; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Shinshu University; Stanford UniversityZhu, Q (corresponding author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.qzhu@lbl.govChu, Housen/Q-6517-2016; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Chen, Min/HCI-4409-2022; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015; Zona, Donatella/G-4039-2010; ZHU, QING/G-2433-2015Chu, Housen/0000-0002-8131-4938; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Chen, Min/0000-0001-6311-7124; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Yuan, Kunxiaojia/0000-0002-1336-5768; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; ZHU, QING/0000-0003-2441-944X; Li, Fa/0000-0002-0625-5587NASA Carbon Monitoring System grant [NNH20ZDA001N]; Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area Project; Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling (EESM) Program under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy Office of Science; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Phase 2 program [80NSSC21K1702]; Next -Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey (Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane working group)NASA Carbon Monitoring System grant; Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area Project; Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling (EESM) Program under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy Office of Science; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Phase 2 program; Next -Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey (Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane working group)This research was primarily supported by NASA Carbon Monitoring System grant (#NNH20ZDA001N) and the Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area Project, the latter is sponsored by the Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling (EESM) Program under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Min Chen acknowledges the support from NASA Terrestrial Ecology Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment Phase 2 program (#80NSSC21K1702) . Margaret Torn acknowledges the support from The Next -Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. We acknowledge support from John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey (Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane working group) . Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.13322<180 Day Usage Count>2727ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0168-19231873-2240AGR FOREST METEOROLAgric. For. Meteorol.SEP 152022324
109115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109115http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.1091152022-08-01 00:00:0010Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences4X3OAGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0008607542000020 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011585118
Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAradiocarbon; plant biomarkers; carbon turnover times; fluvial carbon; carbon cycleSOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; MATTER; RIVER; RADIOCARBON; C-14; STORAGE; EROSION; CYCLE; VARIABILITY; SAMPLESEglinton, TI; Galy, VV; Hemingway, JD; Feng, XJ; Bao, HY; Blattmann, TM; Dickens, AF; Gies, H; Giosan, L; Haghipour, N; Hou, PF; Lupker, M; McIntyre, CP; Montlucon, DB; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B; Ponton, C; Schefuss, E; Schwab, MS; Voss, BM; Wacker, L; Wu, Y; Zhao, MXEglinton, Timothy, I; Galy, Valier V.; Hemingway, Jordon D.; Feng, Xiaojuan; Bao, Hongyan; Blattmann, Thomas M.; Dickens, Angela F.; Gies, Hannah; Giosan, Liviu; Haghipour, Negar; Hou, Pengfei; Lupker, Maarten; McIntyre, Cameron P.; Montlucon, Daniel B.; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Ponton, Camilo; Schefuss, Enno; Schwab, Melissa S.; Voss, Britta M.; Wacker, Lukas; Wu, Ying; Zhao, MeixunEnglishTerrestrial vegetation and soils hold three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Much debate concerns how anthropogenic activity will perturb these surface reservoirs, potentially exacerbating ongoing changes to the climate system. Uncertainties specifically persist in extrapolating point-source observations to ecosystem-scale budgets and fluxes, which require consideration of vertical and lateral processes on multiple temporal and spatial scales. To explore controls on organic carbon (OC) turnover at the river basin scale, we present radiocarbon (C-14) ages on two groups of molecular tracers of plant-derived carbon-leaf-wax lipids and lignin phenols-from a globally distributed suite of rivers. We find significant negative relationships between the C-14 age of these biomarkers and mean annual temperature and precipitation. Moreover, riverine biospheric-carbon ages scale proportionally with basin-wide soil carbon turnover times and soil C-14 ages, implicating OC cycling within soils as a primary control on exported biomarker ages and revealing a broad distribution of soil OC reactivities. The ubiquitous occurrence of a long-lived soil OC pool suggests soil OC is globally vulnerable to perturbations by future temperature and precipitation increase. Scaling of riverine biospheric-carbon ages with soil OC turnover shows the former can constrain the sensitivity of carbon dynamics to environmental controls on broad spatial scales. Extracting this information from fluvially dominated sedimentary sequences may inform past variations in soil OC turnover in response to anthropogenic and/or climate perturbations. In turn, monitoring riverine OC composition may help detect future climate-change-induced perturbations of soil OC turnover and stocks.[Eglinton, Timothy, I; Feng, Xiaojuan; Blattmann, Thomas M.; Gies, Hannah; Haghipour, Negar; Lupker, Maarten; McIntyre, Cameron P.; Montlucon, Daniel B.; Schwab, Melissa S.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Eglinton, Timothy, I; Galy, Valier V.; Hemingway, Jordon D.; Feng, Xiaojuan; Dickens, Angela F.; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Schefuss, Enno; Voss, Britta M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Hemingway, Jordon D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Feng, Xiaojuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Bao, Hongyan; Wu, Ying] East China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Estuarine & Coastal Res, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China; [Giosan, Liviu; Ponton, Camilo] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Haghipour, Negar; McIntyre, Cameron P.; Wacker, Lukas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; [Hou, Pengfei; Zhao, Meixun] Ocean Univ China, Frontiers Sci Ctr Deep Ocean Multispheres & Earth, Key Lab Marine Chem Theory & Technol, Minist Educ, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China; [Schefuss, Enno] Univ Bremen, Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; [Bao, Hongyan] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102, Peoples R China; [Blattmann, Thomas M.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan; [Dickens, Angela F.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Air Management, Madison, WI 53707 USA; [Haghipour, Negar] Scottish Univ Environm Res Ctr, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland; [Ponton, Camilo] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA; [Voss, Britta M.] Washington State Dept Ecol, Environm Assessment Program, Lacey, WA 98503 USASwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Harvard University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; East China Normal University; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Ocean University of China; University of Bremen; Xiamen University; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Scottish Universities Research & Reactor Center; Western Washington UniversityEglinton, TI (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.;Eglinton, TI; Galy, VV (corresponding author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.timothy.eglinton@erdw.ethz.ch; vgaly@whoi.eduBlattmann, Thomas/AFT-2488-2022; Feng, Xiaojuan/I-6142-2013; Schefuß, Enno/A-7101-2015; Schwab, Melissa Sophia/HPD-5455-2023; Galy, valier/I-6185-2012; McIntyre, Cameron/D-1222-2016Blattmann, Thomas/0000-0001-7052-7922; Feng, Xiaojuan/0000-0002-0443-0628; Schefuß, Enno/0000-0002-5960-930X; Schwab, Melissa Sophia/0000-0001-5600-4439; Galy, valier/0000-0003-0385-8443; Dickens, Angela/0000-0001-8433-5913; McIntyre, Cameron/0000-0001-8517-9836; Gies, Hannah/0000-0002-9266-4693; Eglinton, Timothy/0000-0001-5060-2155US NSF [OCE-0928582, OCE-0851015, EAR-1226818]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_140850, 200020_163162, 200020_184865]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41520104009]US NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC))We thank R. Spencer and R.M. Holmes (Colville); F. Filip (Danube); A. Winter, E. Tinacba, and F. Siringan (Cagayan); P. Cai and H. Zhang (Pearl); J. Zhang (Yangtze); S.-L. Wang and L.-H. Chung (Gaoping); K. Hughen (Unare); N. Blair (Waiapu); S. Marsh and S. Gillies (Fraser); D. Eisma (Congo); and T. Kenna (Ob) for sample collection and fieldwork assistance or for provision of samples. We are very grateful to A. McNichol and other members of NOSAMS (WHOI) and to H.-A. Synal of LIP for expert advice and technical assistance. We thank C. Johnson (WHOI) and M. Jaggi (ETH) for measurements of bulk elemental and stable isotopic data. We thank Z. Shi (University of California, Irvine) for soil mean age data. This work was supported by grants from the US NSF (OCE-0928582 to T.I.E. and V.V.G.; OCE-0851015 to B.P.-E., T.I.E., and V.V.G.; and EAR-1226818 to B.P.-E.), Swiss National Science Foundation (200021_140850, 200020_163162, and 200020_184865 to T.I.E.), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41520104009 to M.Z.).763333<180 Day Usage Count>64173NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-8424P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.FEB 2320211188
e2011585118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011585118http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.20115851189Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsQM5CL33593902Green Published, Green Accepted, hybridYN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006217970000190 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0
Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses
ArticleNATUREECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATION; DINITROGEN FIXATION; CARBON; PLANTS; EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; ECONOMYSteidinger, BS; Crowther, TW; Liang, J; Van Nuland, ME; Werner, GDA; Reich, PB; Nabuurs, G; De-Miguel, S; Zhou, M; Picard, N; Herault, B; Zhao, X; Zhang, C; Routh, D; Peay, KG; Abegg, M; Yao, CYA; Alberti, G; Zambrano, AA; Alvarez-Davila, E; Alvarez-Loayza, P; Alves, LF; Ammer, C; Anton-Fernandez, C; Araujo-Murakami, A; Arroyo, L; Avitabile, V; Aymard, G; Baker, T; Balazy, R; Banki, O; Barroso, J; Bastian, M; Bastin, JF; Birigazzi, L; Birnbaum, P; Bitariho, R; Boeckx, P; Bongers, F; Bouriaud, O; Brancalion, PHS; Brandl, S; Brearley, FQ; Brienen, R; Broadbent, E; Bruelheide, H; Bussotti, F; Gatti, RC; Cesar, R; Cesljar, G; Chazdon, R; Chen, HYH; Chisholm, C; Cienciala, E; Clark, CJ; Clark, D; Colletta, G; Condit, R; Coomes, D; Valverde, FC; Corral-Rivas, JJ; Crim, P; Cumming, J; Dayanandan, S; de Gasper, AL; Decuyper, M; Derroire, G; DeVries, B; Djordjevic, I; Ieda, A; Dourdain, A; Obiang, NLE; Enquist, B; Eyre, T; Fandohan, AB; Fayle, TM; Feldpausch, TR; Finer, L; Fischer, M; Fletcher, C; Fridman, J; Frizzera, L; Gamarra, JGP; Gianelle, D; Glick, HB; Harris, D; Hector, A; Hemp, A; Hengeveld, G; Herbohn, J; Herold, M; Hillers, A; Coronado, ENH; Huber, M; Hui, C; Cho, H; Ibanez, T; Jung, I; Imai, N; Jagodzinski, AM; Jaroszewicz, B; Johannsen, V; Joly, CA; Jucker, T; Karminov, V; Kartawinata, K; Kearsley, E; Kenfack, D; Kennard, D; Kepfer-Rojas, S; Keppel, G; Khan, ML; Killeen, T; Kim, HS; Kitayama, K; Kohl, M; Korjus, H; Kraxner, F; Laarmann, D; Lang, M; Lewis, S; Lu, HC; Lukina, N; Maitner, B; Malhi, Y; Marcon, E; Marimon, BS; Marimon, BH; Marshall, AR; Martin, E; Martynenko, O; Meave, JA; Melo-Cruz, O; Mendoza, C; Merow, C; Mendoza, AM; Moreno, V; Mukul, SA; Mundhenk, P; Nava-Miranda, MG; Neill, D; Neldner, V; Nevenic, R; Ngugi, M; Niklaus, P; Oleksyn, J; Ontikov, P; Ortiz-Malavasi, E; Pan, YD; Paquette, A; Parada-Gutierrez, A; Parfenova, E; Park, M; Parren, M; Parthasarathy, N; Peri, PL; Pfautsch, S; Phillips, O; Piedade, MT; Piotto, D; Pitman, NCA; Polo, I; Poorter, L; Poulsen, AD; Poulsen, JR; Pretzsch, H; Arevalo, FR; Restrepo-Correa, Z; Rodeghiero, M; Rolim, S; Roopsind, A; Rovero, F; Rutishauser, E; Saikia, P; Saner, P; Schall, P; Schelhaas, MJ; Schepaschenko, D; Scherer-Lorenzen, M; Schmid, B; Schongart, J; Searle, E; Seben, V; Serra-Diaz, JM; Salas-Eljatib, C; Sheil, D; Shvidenko, A; Silva-Espejo, J; Silveira, M; Singh, J; Sist, P; Slik, F; Sonke, B; Souza, AF; Sterenczak, K; Svenning, JC; Svoboda, M; Targhetta, N; Tchebakova, N; ter Steege, H; Thomas, R; Tikhonova, E; Umunay, P; Usoltsev, V; Valladares, F; van der Plas, F; Do, TV; Martinez, RV; Verbeeck, H; Viana, H; Vieira, S; von Gadow, K; Wang, HF; Watson, J; Westerlund, B; Wiser, S; Wittmann, F; Wortel, V; Zagt, R; Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T; Zhu, ZX; Zo-Bi, ICSteidinger, B. S.; Crowther, T. W.; Liang, J.; Van Nuland, M. E.; Werner, G. D. A.; Reich, P. B.; Nabuurs, G.; de-Miguel, S.; Zhou, M.; Picard, N.; Herault, B.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, C.; Routh, D.; Peay, K. G.; Abegg, Meinrad; Yao, C. Yves Adou; Alberti, Giorgio; Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda; Alvarez-Davila, Esteban; Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia; Alves, Luciana F.; Ammer, Christian; Anton-Fernandez, Clara; Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro; Arroyo, Luzmila; Avitabile, Valerio; Aymard, Gerardo; Baker, Timothy; Balazy, Radomir; Banki, Olaf; Barroso, Jorcely; Bastian, Meredith; Bastin, Jean-Francois; Birigazzi, Luca; Birnbaum, Philippe; Bitariho, Robert; Boeckx, Pascal; Bongers, Frans; Bouriaud, Olivier; Brancalion, Pedro H. S.; Brandl, Susanne; Brearley, Francis Q.; Brienen, Roel; Broadbent, Eben; Bruelheide, Helge; Bussotti, Filippo; Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla; Cesar, Ricardo; Cesljar, Goran; Chazdon, Robin; Chen, Han Y. H.; Chisholm, Chelsea; Cienciala, Emil; Clark, Connie J.; Clark, David; Colletta, Gabriel; Condit, Richard; Coomes, David; Cornejo Valverde, Fernando; Corral-Rivas, Jose J.; Crim, Philip; Cumming, Jonathan; Dayanandan, Selvadurai; de Gasper, Andre L.; Decuyper, Mathieu; Derroire, Geraldine; DeVries, Ben; Djordjevic, Ilija; Ieda, Amaral; Dourdain, Aurelie; Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone; Enquist, Brian; Eyre, Teresa; Fandohan, Adande Belarmain; Fayle, Tom M.; Feldpausch, Ted R.; Finer, Leena; Fischer, Markus; Fletcher, Christine; Fridman, Jonas; Frizzera, Lorenzo; Gamarra, Javier G. P.; Gianelle, Damiano; Glick, Henry B.; Harris, David; Hector, Andrew; Hemp, Andreas; Hengeveld, Geerten; Herbohn, John; Herold, Martin; Hillers, Annika; Honorio Coronado, Euridice N.; Huber, Markus; Hui, Cang; Cho, Hyunkook; Ibanez, Thomas; Jung, Ilbin; Imai, Nobuo; Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan; Johannsen, Vivian; Joly, Carlos A.; Jucker, Tommaso; Karminov, Viktor; Kartawinata, Kuswata; Kearsley, Elizabeth; Kenfack, David; Kennard, Deborah; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian; Keppel, Gunnar; Khan, Mohammed Latif; Killeen, Timothy; Kim, Hyun Seok; Kitayama, Kanehiro; Kohl, Michael; Korjus, Henn; Kraxner, Florian; Laarmann, Diana; Lang, Mait; Lewis, Simon; Lu, Huicui; Lukina, Natalia; Maitner, Brian; Malhi, Yadvinder; Marcon, Eric; Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes; Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur; Marshall, Andrew Robert; Martin, Emanuel; Martynenko, Olga; Meave, Jorge A.; Melo-Cruz, Omar; Mendoza, Casimiro; Merow, Cory; Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo; Moreno, Vanessa; Mukul, Sharif A.; Mundhenk, Philip; Nava-Miranda, Maria G.; Neill, David; Neldner, Victor; Nevenic, Radovan; Ngugi, Michael; Niklaus, Pascal; Oleksyn, Jacek; Ontikov, Petr; Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar; Pan, Yude; Paquette, Alain; Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander; Parfenova, Elena; Park, Minjee; Parren, Marc; Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy; Peri, Pablo L.; Pfautsch, Sebastian; Phillips, Oliver; Piedade, Maria Teresa; Piotto, Daniel; Pitman, Nigel C. A.; Polo, Irina; Poorter, Lourens; Poulsen, Axel Dalberg; Poulsen, John R.; Pretzsch, Hans; Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez; Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda; Rodeghiero, Mirco; Rolim, Samir; Roopsind, Anand; Rovero, Francesco; Rutishauser, Ervan; Saikia, Purabi; Saner, Philippe; Schall, Peter; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; Schmid, Bernhard; Schongart, Jochen; Searle, Eric; Seben, Vladimir; Serra-Diaz, Josep M.; Salas-Eljatib, Christian; Sheil, Douglas; Shvidenko, Anatoly; Silva-Espejo, Javier; Silveira, Marcos; Singh, James; Sist, Plinio; Slik, Ferry; Sonke, Bonaventure; Souza, Alexandre F.; Sterenczak, Krzysztof; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Svoboda, Miroslav; Targhetta, Natalia; Tchebakova, Nadja; ter Steege, Hans; Thomas, Raquel; Tikhonova, Elena; Umunay, Peter; Usoltsev, Vladimir; Valladares, Fernando; van der Plas, Fons; Tran Van Do; Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo; Verbeeck, Hans; Viana, Helder; Vieira, Simone; von Gadow, Klaus; Wang, Hua-Feng; Watson, James; Westerlund, Bertil; Wiser, Susan; Wittmann, Florian; Wortel, Verginia; Zagt, Roderick; Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz; Zhu, Zhi-Xin; Zo-Bi, Irie CasimirGFBI ConsortiumEnglishThe identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools(1,2), sequester carbon(3,4) and withstand the effects of climate change(5,6). Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables-in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition-are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species(7), constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers-which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)-are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial symbioses at the global scale, and demonstrates the critical role of microbial mutualisms in shaping the distribution of plant species.[Steidinger, B. S.; Van Nuland, M. E.; Peay, K. G.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Crowther, T. W.; Routh, D.; Bastin, Jean-Francois] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Liang, J.; Zhou, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [Liang, J.; Zhao, X.; Zhang, C.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Res Ctr Forest Management Engn, State Forestry & Grassland Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Werner, G. D. A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford, England; [Reich, P. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA; [Reich, P. B.] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Nabuurs, G.; Decuyper, Mathieu; Hengeveld, Geerten; Herold, Martin; Poorter, Lourens; Schelhaas, Mart-Jan] Wageningen Univ & Res, Wageningen, Netherlands; [de-Miguel, S.] Univ Lleida, Dept Crop & Forest Sci, Agrotecnio Ctr UdL Agrotecnio, Lleida, Spain; [de-Miguel, S.] Forest Sci & Technol Ctr Catalonia CTFC, Solsona, Spain; [Picard, N.; Birigazzi, Luca; Gamarra, Javier G. P.] UN, Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy; [Herault, B.; Sist, Plinio] Univ Montpellier, Cirad, UPR Forets & Soc, Montpellier, France; [Herault, B.; Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir] Natl Polytech Inst INP HB, Dept Forestry & Environm, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire; [Abegg, Meinrad; Huber, Markus] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Yao, C. Yves Adou] Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny, UFR Biosci, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire; [Alberti, Giorgio] Univ Udine, Dept Agr Food Environm & Anim Sci, Udine, Italy; [Alberti, Giorgio] Natl Res Council CNR IBIMET, Inst Biometeorol, Florence, Italy; [Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda] Univ Florida, Dept Tourism Recreat & Sport Management, Spatial Ecol & Conservat Lab, Gainesville, FL USA; [Alvarez-Davila, Esteban] UNAD, Fdn ConVida, Medellin, Colombia; [Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia; Kartawinata, Kuswata; Pitman, Nigel C. A.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA; [Alves, Luciana F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Ammer, Christian; Schall, Peter] Univ Gottingen, Silviculture & Forest Ecol Temperate Zones, Gottingen, Germany; [Anton-Fernandez, Clara] Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res NIBIO, Div Forest & Forest Resources, As, Norway; [Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro; Arroyo, Luzmila; Killeen, Timothy; Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander] Univ Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; [Avitabile, Valerio] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy; [Aymard, Gerardo] Herbario Univ PORT, UNELLEZ Guanare, Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, Portuguesa, Venezuela; [Baker, Timothy; Brienen, Roel; Lewis, Simon; Phillips, Oliver] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Balazy, Radomir; Sterenczak, Krzysztof] Forest Res Inst, Dept Geomat, Raszyn, Poland; [Banki, Olaf; ter Steege, Hans] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands; [Barroso, Jorcely] Univ Fed Acre, Ctr Multidisciplinar, Rio Branco, Brazil; [Bastian, Meredith] Smithsonians Natl Zoo & Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA; [Bitariho, Robert] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Mbarara, Uganda; [Boeckx, Pascal] Univ Ghent, Isotope Biosci Lab ISOFYS, Ghent, Belgium; [Bouriaud, Olivier] Stefan Cel Mare Univ Suceava, Integrated Ctr Res Dev & Innovat Adv Mat Nanotech, Suceava, Romania; [Brancalion, Pedro H. S.; Cesar, Ricardo; Moreno, Vanessa] Univ Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz Coll Agr, Dept Forest Sci, Piracicaba, Brazil; [Brandl, Susanne] Bavarian State Inst Forestry, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany; [Brearley, Francis Q.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Bruelheide, Helge] Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol Geobot & Bot Garden, Halle, Germany; [Bruelheide, Helge] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Leipzig, Germany; [Bussotti, Filippo] Univ Firenze, Dept Agr Food Environm & Forest DAGRI, Florence, Italy; [Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla] Tomsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Tomsk, Russia; [Cesljar, Goran] Inst Forestry, Dept Spatial Regulat GIS & Forest Policy, Belgrade, Serbia; [Chazdon, Robin; Merow, Cory] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT USA; [Chazdon, Robin; Herbohn, John; Marshall, Andrew Robert; Mukul, Sharif A.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Trop Forests & People Res Ctr, Maroochydore, Qld, Australia; [Chen, Han Y. H.; Searle, Eric] Lakehead Univ, Fac Nat Resources Management, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada; [Chen, Han Y. H.] Fujian Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Humid Subtrop Ecogeog Proc, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China; [Chisholm, Chelsea] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Integrat Biol, Zurich, Switzerland; [Cienciala, Emil] IFER, Jilove, Czech Republic; [Cienciala, Emil] Global Change Res Inst CAS, Brno, Czech Republic; [Clark, Connie J.; Poulsen, John R.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA; [Clark, David] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA; [Joly, Carlos A.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Plant Biol, Campinas, SP, Brazil; [Condit, Richard; Rutishauser, Ervan] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama; [Coomes, David] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England; [Cornejo Valverde, Fernando] Andes Amazon Biodivers Program, Madre De Dios, Peru; [Corral-Rivas, Jose J.] Univ Juarez Estado Durango, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Durango, Mexico; [Crim, Philip] Coll St Rose, Dept Phys & Biol Sci, Albany, NY USA; [Crim, Philip; Cumming, Jonathan] West Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; [Dayanandan, Selvadurai] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [de Gasper, Andre L.] Univ Reg Blumenau, Dept Nat Sci, Blumenau, Brazil; [Derroire, Geraldine; Dourdain, Aurelie] Cirad, UMR EcoFoG, Kourou, French Guiana; [DeVries, Ben] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Djordjevic, Ilija; Nevenic, Radovan] Inst Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia; [Ieda, Amaral] Natl Inst Amazonian Res, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone] Herbier Natl Gabon CENAREST, IRET, Libreville, Gabon; [Enquist, Brian; Maitner, Brian] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA; [Enquist, Brian] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA; [Eyre, Teresa; Neldner, Victor; Ngugi, Michael] Queensland Herbarium, Dept Environm & Sci, Toowong, Qld, Australia; [Fandohan, Adande Belarmain] Univ Natl Agr, Ecole Foresterie & Ingn Bois, Ketou, Benin; [Fayle, Tom M.] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Entomol, Biol Ctr, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; [Feldpausch, Ted R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter, Devon, England; [Finer, Leena] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Joensuu, Finland; [Fischer, Markus] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bern, Switzerland; [Fletcher, Christine] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [Fridman, Jonas; Westerlund, Bertil] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Resource Management, Umea, Sweden; [Frizzera, Lorenzo; Gianelle, Damiano; Rodeghiero, Mirco] Fdn Edmund Mach, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, San Michele All Adige, Italy; [Glick, Henry B.; Umunay, Peter] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA; [Harris, David; Poulsen, Axel Dalberg] Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Hector, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford, England; [Hemp, Andreas] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Systemat, Bayreuth, Germany; [Hillers, Annika] Royal Soc Protect Birds, Ctr Conservat Sci, Sandy, Beds, England; [Honorio Coronado, Euridice N.] Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru; [Hui, Cang] Stellenbosch Univ, Dept Math Sci, Ctr Invas Biol, Stellenbosch, South Africa; [Hui, Cang] African Inst Math Sci, Theoret Ecol Unit, Cape Town, South Africa; [Cho, Hyunkook; Jung, Ilbin] Korea Forest Promot Inst, Div Forest Resources Informat, Seoul, South Korea; [Ibanez, Thomas] Inst Agron Neocaledonien IAC, Equipe Sol & Vegetat SolVeg, Noumea, New Caledonia; [Imai, Nobuo] Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Forest Sci, Tokyo, Japan; [Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.; Oleksyn, Jacek] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Dendrol, Kornik, Poland; [Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Game Management & Forest Protect, Poznan, Poland; [Jaroszewicz, Bogdan] Univ Warsaw, Bialowieza Geobot Stn, Fac Biol, Bialowieza, Poland; [Johannsen, Vivian; Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Jucker, Tommaso] CSIRO Land & Water, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA, Australia; [Karminov, Viktor; Martynenko, Olga; Ontikov, Petr] Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Fac Forestry, Mytishchi, Russia; [Kearsley, Elizabeth; Verbeeck, Hans] Univ Ghent, Dept Environm, CAVElab Computat & Appl Vegetat Ecol, Ghent, Belgium; [Kenfack, David] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, CTFS ForestGEO, Balboa, Panama; [Kennard, Deborah] Colorado Mesa Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Grand Junction, CO USA; [Keppel, Gunnar] Univ South Australia, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Adelaide, SA, Australia; [Keppel, Gunnar] Univ South Australia, Future Ind Inst, Adelaide, SA, Australia; [Khan, Mohammed Latif] Dr Harisingh Gour Cent Univ, Dept Bot, Sagar, India; [Kim, Hyun Seok; Park, Minjee] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Seoul, South Korea; [Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol, Seoul, South Korea; [Kim, Hyun Seok] Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol, Seoul, South Korea; [Kim, Hyun Seok] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea; [Kitayama, Kanehiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan; [Kohl, Michael; Mundhenk, Philip] Univ Hamburg, Inst World Forestry, Hamburg, Germany; [Korjus, Henn; Laarmann, Diana; Lang, Mait] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Tartu, Estonia; [Kraxner, Florian; Schepaschenko, Dmitry; Shvidenko, Anatoly] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Ecosyst Serv & Management, Laxenburg, Austria; [Lewis, Simon] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England; [Lu, Huicui] Qingdao Agr Univ, Fac Forestry, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China; [Lukina, Natalia; Tikhonova, Elena] Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Forest Ecol & Prod, Moscow, Russia; [Malhi, Yadvinder] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog, Oxford, England; [Marcon, Eric] AgroParisTech, UMR EcoFoG, Kourou, France; [Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes; Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, Dept Ciencias Biol, Nova Xavantina, Brazil; [Marshall, Andrew Robert] Univ York, Dept Environm & Geog, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Martin, Emanuel] Coll African Wildlife Management, Dept Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania; [Meave, Jorge A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ecol & Recursos Nat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; [Melo-Cruz, Omar] Univ Tolima, Ibague, Colombia; [Mendoza, Casimiro] Colegio Profes Forestales Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia; [Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo; Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo] Jardin Bot Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru; [Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cuzco, Peru; [Mukul, Sharif A.] Independent Univ Bangladesh, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Dept Environm Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh; [Nava-Miranda, Maria G.] Univ Juarez Estado Durango, Inst Silvicultura Ind Madera, Durango, Mexico; [Neill, David] Univ Estatal Amazon, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador; [Niklaus, Pascal; Saner, Philippe; Schmid, Bernhard] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland; [Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar] Tecnol Costa Rica TEC, Sch Forestry, Cartago, Costa Rica; [Pan, Yude] US Forest Serv, Climate Fire & Carbon Cycle Sci, USDA, Durham, NC USA; [Paquette, Alain] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr Forest Res, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Parfenova, Elena; Tchebakova, Nadja] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, FRC KSC, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Parren, Marc] World Res Inst, Dept Forestry, Washington, DC USA; [Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy] Pondicherry Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Pondicherry, India; [Peri, Pablo L.] UNPA, INTA, CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina; [Pfautsch, Sebastian] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol Urban Studies, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Piedade, Maria Teresa; Schongart, Jochen; Targhetta, Natalia] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; [Piotto, Daniel; Rolim, Samir] Univ Fed Sul Bahia, Ctr Formacao Ciencias Agroflorestais, Lab Dendrol & Silvicultura Trop, Itabuna, Brazil; [Polo, Irina] Jardin Bot Medellin, Medellin, Colombia; [Pretzsch, Hans] Tech Univ Munich, TUM Sch Life Sci, Chair Forest Growth & Yield Sci, Munich, Germany; [Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru; [Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda] Fdn Con Vida & Corp COL TREE, SECC, Medellin, Colombia; [Roopsind, Anand] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA; [Rovero, Francesco] MUSE Museo Sci, Trop Biodivers Sect, Trento, Italy; [Rovero, Francesco] Univ Florence, Dept Biol, Florence, Italy; [Saikia, Purabi] Cent Univ Jharkhand, Dept Environm Sci, Ranchi, Bihar, India; [Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael] Univ Freiburg, Geobot, Fac Biol, Freiburg, Germany; [Seben, Vladimir] Forest Res Inst Zvolen, Natl Forest Ctr, Zvolen, Slovakia; [Serra-Diaz, Josep M.] Univ Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, Silva, Nancy, France; [Serra-Diaz, Josep M.; Svenning, Jens-Christian] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Biodivers Dynam Changing World BIOCHANGE, Aarhus, Denmark; [Silva-Espejo, Javier] Univ La Serena, Dept Biol, La Serena, Chile; [Silveira, Marcos] Univ Fed Acre, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Nat, Acre, Brazil; [Singh, James] Guyana Forestry Commiss, Georgetown, Guyana; [Slik, Ferry] Univ Brunei Darussalam, Fac Sci, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei; [Sonke, Bonaventure] Univ Yaounde, Dept Biol, Higher Teachers Training Coll, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Yaounde, Cameroon; [Souza, Alexandre F.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Dept Ecol, Natal, RN, Brazil; [Svenning, Jens-Christian] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Sect Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Aarhus, Denmark; [Svoboda, Miroslav] Czech Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Prague, Czech Republic; [ter Steege, Hans] Free Univ Amsterdam, Syst Ecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Thomas, Raquel] Iwokrama Int Ctr Rainforest Conservat & Dev IIC, Georgetown, Guyana; [Usoltsev, Vladimir] Ural State Forest Engn Univ, Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Bot Garden, Ekaterinburg, Russia; [Valladares, Fernando] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, LINCGlobal, Madrid, Spain; [van der Plas, Fons] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol, Systemat Bot & Funct Biodivers, Leipzig, Germany; [Tran Van Do] Vietnamese Acad Forest Sci, Silviculture Res Inst, Hanoi, Vietnam; [Birnbaum, Philippe] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Cirad, INRA,IRD,UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; [Viana, Helder] Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro, Ctr Res & Technol Agroenvironm & Biol Sci, CITAB, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; [Viana, Helder] Polytech Inst Viseu, Agr High Sch, Viseu, Portugal; [Vieira, Simone] Univ Estadual Campinas, Environm Studies & Res Ctr, Campinas, SP, Brazil; [von Gadow, Klaus] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Forest & Wood Sci, Stellenbosch, South Africa; [Wang, Hua-Feng; Zhu, Zhi-Xin] Hainan Univ, Sch Life & Pharmaceut Sci, Key Lab Trop Biol Resources, Minist Educ, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China; [Watson, James] West Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA; [Wiser, Susan] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand; [Wittmann, Florian] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Geog & Geoecol, Dept Wetland Ecol, Karlsruhe, Germany; [Wortel, Verginia] Ctr Agr Res Suriname CELOS, Paramaribo, Suriname; [Zagt, Roderick] Tropenbios Int, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz] Polish State Forests, Coordinat Ctr Environm Projects, Warsaw, Poland; [Colletta, Gabriel] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Programa Posgrad Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP, Brazil; [Broadbent, Eben] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Spatial Ecol & Conservat Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Marshall, Andrew Robert] Flamingo Land Ltd, Kirby Misperton, England; [Rodeghiero, Mirco] Univ Trento, Ctr Agr, Alimenti, Ambiente, San Michele All Adige, Italy; [Hillers, Annika] Wild Chimpanzee Fdn, Liberia Off, Monrovia, Liberia; [Salas-Eljatib, Christian] Univ Mayor, Ctr Modelac & Monitoreo Ecosistemas, Santiago, Chile; [Salas-Eljatib, Christian] Univ La Frontera, Lab Biometria, Temuco, Chile; [Sheil, Douglas] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Fac Environm Sci & Nat Resource Management, As, NorwayStanford University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; Beijing Forestry University; University of Oxford; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Western Sydney University; Wageningen University & Research; Universitat de Lleida; Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); CIRAD; Universite de Montpellier; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Udine; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Biometeorologia (IBIMET-CNR); State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Gottingen; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research; European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; University of Leeds; Forest Research Institute; Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC); Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; Mbarara University of Science & Technology; Ghent University; Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Manchester Metropolitan University; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Florence; Tomsk State University; University of Connecticut; University of the Sunshine Coast; Lakehead University; Fujian Normal University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Czech Academy of Sciences; Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Duke University; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Saint Louis; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of Cambridge; Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango; West Virginia University; Concordia University - Canada; Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB); CIRAD; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia; University of Arizona; The Santa Fe Institute; Czech Academy of Sciences; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Exeter; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Bern; Institute Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Yale University; University of Oxford; University of Bayreuth; Royal Society for Protection of Birds; Stellenbosch University; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Polish Academy of Sciences; Poznan University of Life Sciences; University of Warsaw; University of Copenhagen; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Ghent University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of South Australia; University of South Australia; Dr. Hari Singh Gour University; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Kyoto University; University of Hamburg; Estonian University of Life Sciences; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); University of London; University College London; Qingdao Agricultural University; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Oxford; AgroParisTech; CIRAD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite des Antilles; Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso; University of York - UK; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidad del Tolima; Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Independent University Bangladesh (IUB); Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango; University of Zurich; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Russian Academy of Sciences; Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Pondicherry University; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA); Western Sydney University; Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia; Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia; Technical University of Munich; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana; Idaho; Boise State University; University of Florence; Central University of Jharkhand; University of Freiburg; National Forest Center - Slovakia; AgroParisTech; INRAE; Universite de Lorraine; Aarhus University; Universidad de La Serena; Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC); University Brunei Darussalam; University of Yaounde I; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Aarhus University; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Russian Academy of Sciences; Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural State Forest Engineering University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN); Leipzig University; CIRAD; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; INRAE; University of Tras-os-Montes & Alto Douro; Instituto Politecnico de Viseu; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Stellenbosch University; Hainan University; West Virginia University; Landcare Research - New Zealand; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Trento; Universidad Mayor; Universidad de La Frontera; Norwegian University of Life SciencesPeay, KG (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Crowther, TW (corresponding author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.;Liang, J (corresponding author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.;Liang, J (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Res Ctr Forest Management Engn, State Forestry & Grassland Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China.tom.crowther@usys.ethz.ch; albeca.liang@gmail.com; kpeay@stanford.eduRovero, Francesco/AAI-3157-2020; Schmid, Bernhard/C-8625-2009; Zhang, Chun-yu/HDP-5776-2022; Zhou, Mo/AAG-3895-2020; Korjus, Henn/N-3919-2014; Imai, Nobuo/AAR-7008-2020; Usoltsev, Vladimir Andreevich/M-8253-2018; Keppel, Gunnar/AAV-9207-2021; Enquist, Brian J/B-6436-2008; Martin, Emanuel H./ABD-1876-2020; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael/AGB-4140-2022; Jucker, Tommaso/S-4724-2017; Alves, Luciana/E-1141-2012; Zhang, Chunyu/GYA-2925-2022; Bruelheide, Helge/G-3907-2013; Hui, Cang/A-1781-2008; Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir/GLS-6313-2022; Peri, Pablo Luis/ACF-3770-2022; de Miguel, Sergio/B-8358-2016; Marcon, Eric/B-5631-2009; Neldner, Victor John/V-6879-2019; Korjus, Henn/AAL-9690-2021; Ammer, Christian/ABG-4629-2020; Karminov, Victor/AAB-2092-2022; Crim, Philip/X-8219-2019; Johannsen, Vivian Kvist/AAH-1062-2020; Bouriaud, Olivier/GQI-3650-2022; Derroire, Géraldine/I-8959-2012; Fischer, Markus/C-6411-2008; Barroso, Jorcely G./H-5852-2017; Viana, Helder/B-2885-2010; Svoboda, Miroslav/E-6860-2010; Pitman, Nigel C A/A-7681-2008; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Picard, Nicolas/T-2447-2018; Nabuurs, Gert-Jan/D-8048-2015; Tchebakova, Nadezhda/H-1987-2016; Brancalion, Pedro/D-6995-2012; Antón-Fernández, Clara/C-2427-2009; Jagodziński, Andrzej M./AAA-2537-2021; Silveira, Marcos/H-7906-2013; Balazy, Radomir/Q-6338-2016; Keppel, Gunnar/F-3767-2013; Feldpausch, Ted/ABH-3123-2020; Chen, Han YH/A-1359-2008; Souza, Alexandre F./G-3016-2011; Rojas, Sebastian Kepfer/C-1469-2015; Watson, James Edward Maxwell/D-8779-2013; Hérault, Bruno/B-2765-2011; Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto/ABD-7380-2021; Brienen, Roel/AAU-9959-2020; Alvarez-Davila, Esteban/AAP-4231-2020; Mukul, Sharif/H-5664-2012; Svenning, Jens-Christian/C-8977-2012; Steege, Hans ter/B-5866-2011; Decuyper, Mathieu/AAD-1741-2019; , Elena/X-2430-2019; Saikia, Purabi/A-1736-2013; Umunay, Peter/AAS-4870-2020; Poorter, Lourens/AAL-1709-2021; Junior, Ben Hur Marimon/AAT-9354-2020; Poulsen, John/O-5332-2019; Westerlund, Bertil/AAZ-3815-2020; van der Plas, Fons/A-2242-2017; Salas-Eljatib, Christian/I-3588-2013; Tikhonova, Elena/T-9794-2017; Liang, Jingjing/AAM-1913-2021; Fandohan, Belarmain Fandohan / Adande Belarmain/AAU-8444-2021; Oleksyn, Jacek/AAR-2351-2020; Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N./K-3412-2015; Schall, Peter/Q-5962-2019; Johannsen, Vivian Kvist/A-1926-2015; Ammer, Christian/ABG-7360-2020; Lukina, Natalia Vasilevna/ABG-2669-2021; Niklaus, Pascal A/G-5786-2010; Ibanez, Thomas/I-6061-2019; Fayle, Tom Maurice/A-2721-2009; Bouriaud, Olivier/C-4700-2011; Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla/G-5462-2015; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Piotto, Daniel/V-1232-2019; Herold, Martin/F-8553-2012; Vieira, Simone/H-1225-2011; Aymard, Gerardo/ABE-9203-2020; Šebeň, Vladimír/Q-9515-2019; Pretzsch, Hans/AAC-5565-2019; de Gasper, André Luís/D-2563-2013; Cienciala, Emil/AGM-4340-2022; Piedade, Maria Teresa/C-5372-2013; Parfenova, Elena I/T-5101-2017; KHAN, MOHAMMED LATIF/Q-7641-2019; Marimon, Beatriz/J-6389-2012; Van Tran/H-8431-2013; Schepaschenko, Dmitry G./E-9603-2012; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan/AAC-8184-2020; Herbohn, John/B-3038-2008; Sheil, Douglas/A-3867-2015; Rodeghiero, Mirco/G-8559-2011; Serra-Diaz, Josep M/C-3614-2015; Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica/Q-4758-2017; Joly, Carlos Alfredo/C-4523-2012Rovero, Francesco/0000-0001-6688-1494; Schmid, Bernhard/0000-0002-8430-3214; Korjus, Henn/0000-0001-8522-7869; Imai, Nobuo/0000-0002-8435-7693; Usoltsev, Vladimir Andreevich/0000-0003-4587-8952; Keppel, Gunnar/0000-0001-7092-6149; Enquist, Brian J/0000-0002-6124-7096; Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael/0000-0001-9566-590X; Jucker, Tommaso/0000-0002-0751-6312; Alves, Luciana/0000-0002-8944-1851; Zhang, Chunyu/0000-0003-3091-5060; Bruelheide, Helge/0000-0003-3135-0356; Hui, Cang/0000-0002-3660-8160; Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir/0000-0003-0982-8579; de Miguel, Sergio/0000-0002-9738-0657; Marcon, Eric/0000-0002-5249-321X; Korjus, Henn/0000-0001-8522-7869; Ammer, Christian/0000-0002-4235-0135; Karminov, Victor/0000-0002-9298-956X; Johannsen, Vivian Kvist/0000-0002-1268-9787; Derroire, Géraldine/0000-0001-7239-2881; Fischer, Markus/0000-0002-5589-5900; Barroso, Jorcely G./0000-0003-3017-9462; Viana, Helder/0000-0003-4024-3472; Svoboda, Miroslav/0000-0003-4050-3422; Pitman, Nigel C A/0000-0002-9211-2880; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Picard, Nicolas/0000-0001-5548-9171; Tchebakova, Nadezhda/0000-0002-4208-6792; Brancalion, Pedro/0000-0001-8245-4062; Antón-Fernández, Clara/0000-0001-5545-3320; Jagodziński, Andrzej M./0000-0001-6899-0985; Silveira, Marcos/0000-0003-0485-7872; Balazy, Radomir/0000-0003-1633-5115; Keppel, Gunnar/0000-0001-7092-6149; Feldpausch, Ted/0000-0002-6631-7962; Chen, Han YH/0000-0001-9477-5541; Souza, Alexandre F./0000-0001-7468-3631; Rojas, Sebastian Kepfer/0000-0002-1681-2877; Watson, James Edward Maxwell/0000-0003-4942-1984; Hérault, Bruno/0000-0002-6950-7286; Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto/0000-0001-5130-8492; Brienen, Roel/0000-0002-5397-5755; Alvarez-Davila, Esteban/0000-0001-9032-0099; Mukul, Sharif/0000-0001-6955-2469; Svenning, Jens-Christian/0000-0002-3415-0862; Steege, Hans ter/0000-0002-8738-2659; Decuyper, Mathieu/0000-0002-1713-8562; , Elena/0000-0002-3221-1457; Saikia, Purabi/0000-0001-5481-282X; Poulsen, John/0000-0002-1532-9808; Westerlund, Bertil/0000-0002-1073-8434; van der Plas, Fons/0000-0003-4680-543X; Salas-Eljatib, Christian/0000-0002-8468-0829; Tikhonova, Elena/0000-0003-4641-3735; Liang, Jingjing/0000-0001-9439-9320; Fandohan, Belarmain Fandohan / Adande Belarmain/0000-0002-8426-6839; Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N./0000-0003-2314-590X; Schall, Peter/0000-0003-4808-818X; Johannsen, Vivian Kvist/0000-0002-1268-9787; Niklaus, Pascal A/0000-0002-2360-1357; Ibanez, Thomas/0000-0002-3192-1721; Fayle, Tom Maurice/0000-0002-1667-1189; Bouriaud, Olivier/0000-0002-8046-466X; Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla/0000-0001-5130-8492; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Piotto, Daniel/0000-0002-6505-0098; Herold, Martin/0000-0003-0246-6886; Vieira, Simone/0000-0002-0129-4181; Aymard, Gerardo/0000-0001-9405-0508; Šebeň, Vladimír/0000-0003-3692-446X; Pretzsch, Hans/0000-0002-4958-1868; de Gasper, André Luís/0000-0002-1940-9581; Cienciala, Emil/0000-0002-1254-4254; Piedade, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-7320-0498; Parfenova, Elena I/0000-0002-3221-1457; Marimon, Beatriz/0000-0003-3105-2914; Schepaschenko, Dmitry G./0000-0002-7814-4990; Herbohn, John/0000-0001-5701-4882; Neill, David Alan/0000-0002-5143-9430; Sheil, Douglas/0000-0002-1166-6591; Maitner, Brian/0000-0002-2118-9880; , Hua-Feng Wang/0000-0003-3331-2898; KHAN, MOHAMMED LATIF/0000-0001-6849-0307; Marimon Junior, Ben Hur/0000-0002-6359-6281; Rodeghiero, Mirco/0000-0003-3228-4557; Kenfack, David/0000-0001-8208-3388; Schongart, Jochen/0000-0002-7696-9657; Djordjevic, Ilija/0000-0001-9499-3565; Bitariho, Robert/0000-0002-3461-0013; Verbeeck, Hans/0000-0003-1490-0168; Jaroszewicz, Bogdan/0000-0002-2042-8245; Crim, Philip/0000-0002-5039-4306; Crowther, Thomas/0000-0001-5674-8913; Ngugi, Michael/0000-0002-3087-7634; Serra-Diaz, Josep M/0000-0003-1988-1154; Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica/0000-0001-5081-9936; Joly, Carlos Alfredo/0000-0002-7945-2805; Werner, Gijsbert/0000-0002-5426-2562; Routh, Devin/0000-0002-5910-8847; Cesar, Ricardo/0000-0002-3392-8089; Do, Tran Van/0000-0001-9059-5842; Coomes, David/0000-0002-8261-2582; Sterenczak, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9556-0144; Banki, Olaf/0000-0001-6197-9951; Hengeveld, Geerten/0000-0002-9592-3080; Rolim, Samir/0000-0002-9962-8708; Oleksyn, Jacek/0000-0002-6576-3258; Cesljar, Goran/0000-0003-0438-1050; G. P. Gamarra, Javier/0000-0002-1290-9559NERC [NE/I02982X/1, NE/N011570/1, NE/R017980/1, NE/N01250X/1] Funding Source: UKRINERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))45245257<180 Day Usage Count>75839NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureMAY 1620195697756404+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1128-010Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsHY4UP31092941Green Submitted, Green AcceptedYN2023-03-20WOS:0004681237000380 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.11.012
Dissolved potassium isotopic composition of major world rivers
ArticleGEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTAK isotopes; Global rivers; Continental weathering; Global cycling of K; Alkali element retentionMC-ICP-MS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FRACTIONATION; LITHIUM; SEA; INTENSITY; ABUNDANCE; BASALT; RATIOS; WATERSWang, K; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B; Chen, H; Lee, H; Hasenmueller, EAWang, Kun; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Chen, Heng; Lee, Heather; Hasenmueller, Elizabeth A.EnglishHigh-precision potassium (K) isotope ratios have recently been proposed as a new tool for tracing continental weathering and reconstructing Earth's past climates. The premise is that the K isotopic composition of seawater is sensitive to terrestrial weathering changes. Modern seawater (delta K-41(NIST SRM3141a) = +0.12 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand) is significantly enriched in heavy K isotopes compared to the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) and the Upper Continental Crust (UCC). However, the controls causing such a large isotopic fractionation between these two major reservoirs are not well understood. Dissolved K in river water is one of the major inputs of K to seawater. To constrain the poorly defined K isotopic composition of riverine input to the global ocean and to understand the controlling factors of the K isotope composition of seawater, we analyzed the K isotopic composition of 32 river samples from 24 major rivers globally. These rivers drain all continents except Antarctica and collectively account for 40% of the annual global river discharge and 39% of the total K flux into the ocean. We observed a large range in K isotopic composition across all the rivers analyzed, ranging from delta K-41 = -0.59 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand to -0.08 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand, but found no significant K isotopic variations among samples collected from the same river under differing flow conditions. We attribute the dissolved K isotopic composition of global rivers to the fraction of K retained in clay minerals during chemical weathering. Isotopically light K is retained with the clay fraction during weathering leading to heavy isotope enrichment in the dissolved K load relative to the BSE and UCC. The flux-weighted and regionally-adjusted mean composition of all rivers studied here (-0.38 +/- 0.04 parts per thousand) serves as a global estimate of the riverine delta K-41 value. The seawater K isotopic composition (i.e., +0.12 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand) cannot be explained solely by the riverine input. Other mechanisms (hydrothermal input, reverse weathering, biological fractionation) are needed to explain seawater K isotopic composition. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Wang, Kun; Chen, Heng; Lee, Heather] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Wang, Kun; Chen, Heng; Lee, Heather] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Chen, Heng] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Hasenmueller, Elizabeth A.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USAWashington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Columbia University; Saint Louis UniversityWang, K (corresponding author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.;Wang, K (corresponding author), Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.wangkun@wustl.eduWang, Kun/0000-0003-0691-7058; Hasenmueller, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6233-2372McDonnell Center for the Space SciencesMcDonnell Center for the Space SciencesWe would like to thank the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences for funding our research endeavors. We thank Dr. Piers Koefoed for proofreading the manuscript. We thank Dr. Weiqiang Li and Dr. Shilei Li for helpful discussion. Many of the river water samples were collected by members of the Global Rivers Observatory -we thank them collectively for their help with monitoring large rivers worldwide. We also appreciate the constructive comments from Associate Editor Dr. Fang-Zhen Teng and three anonymous reviewers.722020<180 Day Usage Count>425PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0016-70371872-9533GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM ACGeochim. Cosmochim. ActaFEB 12021294145159
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.11.012http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.11.01215Geochemistry & GeophysicsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geochemistry & GeophysicsPU7PR2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006094937000090 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16576-z
Fires prime terrestrial organic carbon for riverine export to the global oceans
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSDISSOLVED BLACK CARBON; PYROGENIC CARBON; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; COASTAL OCEAN; MATTER; SOIL; CHARCOAL; DEGRADATION; PARTICULATE; ECOREGIONSJones, MW; Coppola, AI; Santin, C; Dittmar, T; Jaffe, R; Doerr, SH; Quine, TAJones, Matthew W.; Coppola, Alysha I.; Santin, Cristina; Dittmar, Thorsten; Jaffe, Rudolf; Doerr, Stefan H.; Quine, Timothy A.EnglishBlack carbon (BC) is a recalcitrant form of organic carbon (OC) produced by landscape fires. BC is an important component of the global carbon cycle because, compared to unburned biogenic OC, it is selectively conserved in terrestrial and oceanic pools. Here we show that the dissolved BC (DBC) content of dissolved OC (DOC) is twice greater in major (sub)tropical and high-latitude rivers than in major temperate rivers, with further significant differences between biomes. We estimate that rivers export 184 Tg DBC year(-1) globally and that, including particulate BC fluxes, total riverine export amounts to 43 +/- 15 Tg BC year(-1) (12 +/- 5% of the OC flux). While rivers export similar to 1% of the OC sequestered by terrestrial vegetation, our estimates suggest that 34 +/- 26% of the BC produced by landscape fires has an oceanic fate. Biogeochemical models require modification to account for the unique dynamics of BC and to predict the response of recalcitrant OC export to changing environmental conditions.[Jones, Matthew W.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England; [Coppola, Alysha I.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland; [Coppola, Alysha I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, Dept Earth Sci, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland; [Santin, Cristina; Doerr, Stefan H.] Swansea Univ, Dept Geog, Coll Sci, Swansea, W Glam, Wales; [Santin, Cristina] Swansea Univ, Biosci Dept, Coll Sci, Swansea, W Glam, Wales; [Dittmar, Thorsten] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Res Grp Marine Geochem, ICBM MPI Bridging Grp, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm ICBM, Oldenburg, Germany; [Dittmar, Thorsten] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Helmholtz Inst Funct Marine Biodivers HIFMB, Oldenburg, Germany; [Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, Southeast Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Jaffe, Rudolf] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Quine, Timothy A.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, EnglandUniversity of East Anglia; University of Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swansea University; Swansea University; Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; University of ExeterJones, MW (corresponding author), Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England.matthew.w.jones@uea.ac.ukSantin, Cristina/B-3148-2015; Doerr, Stefan/G-5456-2012; Jones, Matthew/AAR-1341-2021; Dittmar, Thorsten/L-7796-2013Santin, Cristina/0000-0001-9901-2658; Doerr, Stefan/0000-0002-8700-9002; Jones, Matthew/0000-0003-3480-7980; Dittmar, Thorsten/0000-0002-3462-0107; Quine, Timothy/0000-0002-5143-5157UK Natural Environmental Research Council GW4+ studentship [NE/L002434/1]; Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant [RPG-2014-095]; University of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship; SNSF Ambizione grant [PZ00P2_185835]; European Union [663830]; National Science Foundation through the FCE-LTER programme; George Barley Endowment from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change ResearchUK Natural Environmental Research Council GW4+ studentship; Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant(Leverhulme Trust); University of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship; SNSF Ambizione grant; European Union(European Commission); National Science Foundation through the FCE-LTER programme; George Barley Endowment from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change ResearchThis work was principally funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council GW4+ studentship awarded to M.W.J. under the supervision of T.A.Q. (NE/L002434/1). S.H.D., C.S. and M.W.J. received financial support from a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant awarded to S.H.D. (RPG-2014-095). A.I.C. acknowledges the financial support of the University of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship and the SNSF Ambizione grant (PZ00P2_185835). C.S. acknowledges the financial support of a European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation grant (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 663830). R.J. acknowledges the financial support of the National Science Foundation through the FCE-LTER programme and the George Barley Endowment from the Southeast Environmental Research Center at Florida International University (this is contribution number 961 from the SERC in the Institute of Environment at FIU). M.W.J. acknowledges the financial support of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research for costs associated with figure production. We thank Nigel Hawtin and Renee Karunungan for their assistance with figure production. We thank the reviewers for their constructive comments throughout the review process.893434<180 Day Usage Count>2383NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.JUN 32020111
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16576-zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16576-z8Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsMD5KK32494057Green Accepted, Green Published, gold2023-02-25 00:00:00WOS:000544009800006View Full Record in Web of Science NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717838115
Global peatland initiation driven by regionally asynchronous warming
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAbioclimate; biogeography; deglaciation; basal date catalog; GCMWESTERN SIBERIA; CARBON STORAGE; CLIMATE; EXPANSION; DYNAMICS; EXTENT; BAY; DEGLACIATION; LIMITS; BASINMorris, PJ; Swindles, GT; Valdes, PJ; Ivanovic, RF; Gregoire, LJ; Smith, MW; Tarasov, L; Haywood, AM; Bacon, KLMorris, Paul J.; Swindles, Graeme T.; Valdes, Paul J.; Ivanovic, Ruza F.; Gregoire, Lauren J.; Smith, Mark W.; Tarasov, Lev; Haywood, Alan M.; Bacon, Karen L.EnglishWidespread establishment of peatlands since the Last Glacial Maximum represents the activation of a globally important carbon sink, but the drivers of peat initiation are unclear. The role of climate in peat initiation is particularly poorly understood. We used a general circulation model to simulate local changes in climate during the initiation of 1,097 peatlands around the world. We find that peat initiation in deglaciated landscapes in both hemispheres was driven primarily by warming growing seasons, likely through enhanced plant productivity, rather than by any increase in effective precipitation. In Western Siberia, which remained ice-free throughout the last glacial period, the initiation of the world's largest peatland complex was globally unique in that it was triggered by an increase in effective precipitation that inhibited soil respiration and allowed wetland plant communities to establish. Peat initiation in the tropics was only weakly related to climate change, and appears to have been driven primarily by nonclimatic mechanisms such as waterlogging due to tectonic subsidence. Our findings shed light on the genesis and Holocene climate space of one of the world's most carbon-dense ecosystem types, with implications for understanding trajectories of ecological change under changing future climates.[Morris, Paul J.; Swindles, Graeme T.; Smith, Mark W.; Bacon, Karen L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Valdes, Paul J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England; [Ivanovic, Ruza F.; Gregoire, Lauren J.; Haywood, Alan M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Tarasov, Lev] Mem Univ, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, St John, NF A1B 3X7, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; University of Bristol; University of Leeds; Memorial University NewfoundlandMorris, PJ (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.p.j.morris@leeds.ac.ukValdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; Swindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020; Valdes, Paul/T-2004-2019; Gregoire, Lauren J/A-7005-2011; Ivanovic, Ruza/C-5941-2012Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Valdes, Paul/0000-0002-1902-3283; Gregoire, Lauren J/0000-0003-0258-7282; Morris, Paul/0000-0002-1145-1478; Bacon, Karen/0000-0002-8944-5107; Ivanovic, Ruza/0000-0002-7805-6018Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research Fellowship [NE/K008536/1]; NERC [NE/K008536/1] Funding Source: UKRINatural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research Fellowship; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Simon Haberle, Geoff Hope (Australian National University), and Debbie Horner (British Library) provided generous assistance in accessing secondary data sources that would otherwise have been unavailable to us. The paleoclimate simulations were carried out using the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol. R.F.I. is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom) Independent Research Fellowship (NE/K008536/1).376669<180 Day Usage Count>858NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.MAY 820181151948514856
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717838115http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.17178381156Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsGF0RQ29666256Green Accepted, Green Published, Bronze2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004316391000410 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016430118
Global silicate weathering flux overestimated because of sediment-water cation exchange
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAcation exchange; global biogeochemical cycles; suspended particulate matter; silicate weatheringCALCIUM ION-EXCHANGE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS; CO2 CONSUMPTION; RIVER SEDIMENTS; CARBON; BASIN; RATES; CHRONOSEQUENCE; GEOCHEMISTRY; CONSTRAINTSTipper, ET; Stevenson, EI; Alcock, V; Knight, ACG; Baronas, JJ; Hilton, RG; Bickle, MJ; Larkin, CS; Feng, LS; Relph, KE; Hughes, GTipper, Edward T.; Stevenson, Emily, I; Alcock, Victoria; Knight, Alasdair C. G.; Baronas, J. Jotautas; Hilton, Robert G.; Bickle, Mike J.; Larkin, Christina S.; Feng, Linshu; Relph, Katy E.; Hughes, GenevieveEnglishRivers carry the dissolved and solid products of silicate mineral weathering, a process that removes CO2 from the atmosphere and provides a key negative climate feedback over geological timescales. Here we show that, in some river systems, a reactive exchange pool on river suspended particulate matter, bonded weakly to mineral surfaces, increases the mobile cation flux by 50%. The chemistry of both river waters and the exchange pool demonstrates exchange equilibrium, confirmed by Sr isotopes. Global silicate weathering fluxes are calculated based on riverine dissolved sodium (Na+) from silicate minerals. The large exchange pool supplies Na+ of nonsilicate origin to the dissolved load, especially in catchments with widespread marine sediments, or where rocks have equilibrated with saline basement fluids. We quantify this by comparing the riverine sediment exchange pool and river water chemistry. In some basins, cation exchange could account for the majority of sodium in the river water, significantly reducing estimates of silicate weathering. At a global scale, we demonstrate that silicate weathering fluxes are overestimated by 12 to 28%. This overestimation is greatest in regions of high erosion and high sediment loads where the negative climate feedback has a maximum sensitivity to chemical weathering reactions. In the context of other recent findings that reduce the net CO2 consumption through chemical weathering, the magnitude of the continental silicate weathering fluxes and its implications for solid Earth CO2 degassing fluxes need to be further investigated.[Tipper, Edward T.; Stevenson, Emily, I; Alcock, Victoria; Knight, Alasdair C. G.; Baronas, J. Jotautas; Bickle, Mike J.; Larkin, Christina S.; Feng, Linshu; Relph, Katy E.; Hughes, Genevieve] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England; [Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, EnglandUniversity of Cambridge; Durham UniversityTipper, ET (corresponding author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.ett20@cam.ac.ukKnight, Alasdair/0000-0002-3206-3060; Baronas, Jokubas/0000-0002-4027-3965; Bickle, Michael/0000-0001-8889-3410; Alcock, Victoria/0000-0001-9989-2982; Larkin, Christina/0000-0002-6420-0461; Tipper, Edward/0000-0003-3540-3558National Environmental Research Council [NE/K000705/1, NE/M001865/1, NE/N007441/1, NE/P011659/1]; NERC Arctic Bursary Award; European Research Council [ROC-CO2 678779]; NERC [NE/N007441/1, NE/K000705/2, NE/P011659/1, NE/M001865/1] Funding Source: UKRINational Environmental Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC Arctic Bursary Award; European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This work was funded by National Environmental Research Council Grants NE/K000705/1, NE/M001865/1, NE/N007441/1, and NE/P011659/1 to E.T.T., and NERC Arctic Bursary Award & European Research Council Starting Grant ROC-CO2 678779 to R.G.H. Mackenzie River samples were collected under research licenses 15288 and 16106. Many people assisted in the collection of samples in the field. C. Parish built our field equipment. H. Chapman conducted some of the Sr isotope chemistry. S. Souanef-Ureta conducted some of the NH4Cl extractions. M.-L. Bagard ensured the flawless running of the Cambridge Plasma Labs. The manuscript was improved by two thoughtful anonymous reviewers.472727<180 Day Usage Count>1058NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.JAN 520211181
e2016430118
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016430118http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.20164301186Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsPR5IL33443143Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006072701000460 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103294
Global-scale daily riverine DOC fluxes from lands to the oceans with a generic model
ArticleGLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGEDOC; Global scale; Generic model; Daily; Riverine exportsDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LARGE TROPICAL RIVER; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; TRANSPORT; MATTER; SOIL; WATER; NITROGEN; DATABASEFabre, C; Sauvage, S; Probst, JL; Sanchez-Perez, JMFabre, C.; Sauvage, S.; Probst, J-L; Sanchez-Perez, J. M.EnglishThe export of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the oceans is determinant in carbon exchanges of the estuaries and oceanic food webs. Past research returned a global DOC export around 160-450 TgC.yr(-1) by using complex process-based models or yearly average estimates that could have been misjudged. In this study, we try to understand the complex processes explaining daily DOC exports among 341 exoreic watersheds covering 71% of freshwater flows to the oceans. Based on a dataset of DOC concentrations among rivers at the global scale, we were able to link DOC concentrations to daily discharge, the ration between the soil organic carbon content and the amount of precipitations and the average air temperature in the watersheds. We have found a global riverine DOC flux of 131.6 TgC.yr(-1) based on daily data and a generic model. Tropical and cold watersheds are the main contributors with 49.5% and 33.3% of the global riverine DOC flux on the two last decades while temperate, semi-arid and polar basins represent 15.9%, 0.7% and 0.6%, respectively. Temporal exports range from 0.1 to 0.16 TgC.day(-1) in tropical areas, 0.03-0.32 TgC.day(-1) in cold areas and 0.03-0.08 TgC.day(-1) in temperate areas. Atlantic and Arctic oceans receive the most important fluxes (0.12-0.2 and 0.01-0.26 TgC.day(-1)). In a climate change context, this generic equation could be introduced in hydrological modelling tools to predict future DOC fluxes trends.[Fabre, C.; Sauvage, S.; Probst, J-L; Sanchez-Perez, J. M.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, UPS, CNRS,INPT, Toulouse, FranceUniversite de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Fabre, C; Sanchez-Perez, JM (corresponding author), Univ Toulouse, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, UPS, CNRS,INPT, Toulouse, France.clement.fabre21@gmail.com; jose.sanchez@univ-tlse3.frFabre, Clément/GQH-8831-2022; SANCHEZ PEREZ, Jose Miguel/O-7198-2014; sauvage, sabine/P-1742-2015SANCHEZ PEREZ, Jose Miguel/0000-0002-5650-4879; sauvage, sabine/0000-0002-6360-1036; Fabre, Clement/0000-0002-1825-4645; Probst, Jean-Luc/0000-0002-1295-526410734<180 Day Usage Count>1438ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0921-81811872-6364GLOBAL PLANET CHANGEGlob. Planet. ChangeNOV2020194
103294
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103294http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.10329414Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyOD4YPGreen Accepted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005798585000070 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0159-8
Global-scale evidence for the refractory nature of riverine black carbon
ArticleNATURE GEOSCIENCEORGANIC-CARBON; PYROGENIC CARBON; MATTER; EXPORT; ACIDS; FIRE; PRESERVATION; MOBILIZATION; PARTICULATE; DISCHARGECoppola, AI; Wiedemeier, DB; Galy, V; Haghipour, N; Hanke, UM; Nascimento, GS; Usman, M; Blattmann, TM; Reisser, M; Freymond, CV; Zhao, MX; Voss, B; Wacker, L; Schefuss, E; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B; Abiven, S; Schmidt, MWI; Eglinton, TICoppola, Alysha I.; Wiedemeier, Daniel B.; Galy, Valier; Haghipour, Negar; Hanke, Ulrich M.; Nascimento, Gabriela S.; Usman, Muhammed; Blattmann, Thomas M.; Reisser, Moritz; Freymond, Chantal V.; Zhao, Meixun; Voss, Britta; Wacker, Lukas; Schefuss, Enno; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Abiven, Samuel; Schmidt, Michael W. I.; Eglinton, Timothy I.EnglishWildfires and incomplete combustion of fossil fuel produce large amounts of black carbon. Black carbon production and transport are essential components of the carbon cycle. Constraining estimates of black carbon exported from land to ocean is critical, given ongoing changes in land use and climate, which affect fire occurrence and black carbon dynamics. Here, we present an inventory of the concentration and radiocarbon content (Delta C-14) of particulate black carbon for 18 rivers around the globe. We find that particulate black carbon accounts for about 15.8 +/- 0.9% of river particulate organic carbon, and that fluxes of particulate black carbon co-vary with river-suspended sediment, indicating that particulate black carbon export is primarily controlled by erosion. River particulate black carbon is not exclusively from modern sources but is also aged in intermediate terrestrial carbon pools in several high-latitude rivers, with ages of up to 17,000 C-14 years. The flux-weighted C-14 average age of particulate black carbon exported to oceans is 3,700 +/- 400 C-14 years. We estimate that the annual global flux of particulate black carbon to the ocean is 0.017 to 0.037 Pg, accounting for 4 to 32% of the annually produced black carbon. When buried in marine sediments, particulate black carbon is sequestered to form a long-term sink for CO2.[Coppola, Alysha I.; Wiedemeier, Daniel B.; Hanke, Ulrich M.; Reisser, Moritz; Abiven, Samuel; Schmidt, Michael W. I.] Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland; [Galy, Valier; Hanke, Ulrich M.; Voss, Britta; Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Eglinton, Timothy I.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; [Haghipour, Negar; Nascimento, Gabriela S.; Usman, Muhammed; Blattmann, Thomas M.; Freymond, Chantal V.; Eglinton, Timothy I.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Haghipour, Negar; Wacker, Lukas] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Ion Beam Phys, Zurich, Switzerland; [Zhao, Meixun] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Marine Chem Theory & Technol, Minist Educ, Qingdao, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Meixun] Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China; [Schefuss, Enno] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, Bremen, GermanyUniversity of Zurich; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Ocean University of China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science & Technology; University of BremenCoppola, AI (corresponding author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland.Alysha.coppola@geo.uzh.chSchmidt, Michael/G-5186-2012; galy, valier/I-6185-2012; Hanke, Ulrich/U-1476-2019; Schefuß, Enno/A-7101-2015; Abiven, Samuel/J-5328-2013; Blattmann, Thomas/AFT-2488-2022; Galy, valier/AAD-2248-2021Schmidt, Michael/0000-0002-7227-0646; galy, valier/0000-0003-0385-8443; Hanke, Ulrich/0000-0002-4270-225X; Schefuß, Enno/0000-0002-5960-930X; Abiven, Samuel/0000-0002-5663-0912; Blattmann, Thomas/0000-0001-7052-7922; Galy, valier/0000-0003-0385-8443; Coppola, Alysha/0000-0002-9928-2786; Reisser, Moritz/0000-0002-4643-2314; Wiedemeier, Daniel/0000-0001-8997-700X; Usman, Muhammed/0000-0002-7165-4154; Voss, Britta/0000-0003-0149-8106University of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship; University of Zurich [STWF-18-026]; University Research Priority Projection Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP-GCB); National Natural Science Foundation of China [41521064]; Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_140850]; Independent Study Award from the Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionUniversity of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship; University of Zurich; University Research Priority Projection Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP-GCB); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)European Commission); Independent Study Award from the Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWe would like to thank M. Hilf for his technical support and laboratory assistance. We also are grateful for the support of D. Montlucon for collecting Mississippi River samples and locating archives, N. Drenzek for collection of the Eel River samples, A. Lima, J. King and C. Reddy for collection of Pettaquamscutt River samples, and members of the Woods Hole Research Center for collection of Colville and Yukon River samples. We thank D. Vance, B. Revels, and F. Siringan for providing the logistical foundation for collecting Amazon River and Cagayan samples, D. Brandova for her technical assistance, and the ETH Ion Beam Physics Lab AMS Lab colleagues for AMS support. We thank N. Baltensweiler (University of Zurich, Information Technology MELS/SIVIC) and G. J. Fiske (Woods Hole Research Center) for help with Figs 1 and 3, respectively. We thank I. Medhaug for comments on the manuscript. A. C. acknowledges financial support from the University of Zurich Forschungskredit Fellowship and the University of Zurich (grant No. STWF-18-026). M.R., S.A. and M.S. acknowledge support from the University Research Priority Projection Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP-GCB). M.Z. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41521064). T.E. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (CAPS-LOCK and CAPS-LOCK2 #200021_140850). V.G. acknowledges financial support from an Independent Study Award from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.567172<180 Day Usage Count>39244NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPNEW YORK75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA1752-08941752-0908NAT GEOSCINat. Geosci.AUG2018118584+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0159-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0159-86Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyGO7ZQGreen Submitted2023-02-25 00:00:00WOS:000440301400011View Full Record in Web of Science NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4661-2019
GlobSim (v1.0): deriving meteorological time series for point locations from multiple global reanalyses
ArticleGEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENTPERMAFROST RESEARCH SITE; LAND-SURFACE; GROUND TEMPERATURES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; MACKENZIE DELTA; ACTIVE-LAYER; CLIMATE; SNOW; UNCERTAINTIES; PRECIPITATIONCao, B; Quan, XJ; Brown, N; Stewart-Jones, E; Gruber, SCao, Bin; Quan, Xiaojing; Brown, Nicholas; Stewart-Jones, Emilie; Gruber, StephanEnglishSimulations of land-surface processes and phenomena often require driving time series of meteorological variables. Corresponding observations, however, are unavailable in most locations, even more so, when considering the duration, continuity and data quality required. Atmospheric reanalyses provide global coverage of relevant meteorological variables, but their use is largely restricted to grid-based studies. This is because technical challenges limit the ease with which reanalysis data can be applied to models at the site scale. We present the software toolkit GlobSim, which automates the downloading, interpolation and scaling of different reanalyses - currently ERA5, ERA-Interim, JRA-55 and MERRA-2 - to produce meteorological time series for user-defined point locations. The resulting data have consistent structure and units to efficiently support ensemble simulation. The utility of GlobSim is demonstrated using an application in permafrost research. We perform ensemble simulations of ground-surface temperature for 10 terrain types in a remote tundra area in northern Canada and compare the results with observations. Simulation results reproduced seasonal cycles and variation between terrain types well, demonstrating that GlobSim can support efficient land-surface simulations. Ensemble means often yielded better accuracy than individual simulations and ensemble ranges additionally provide indications of uncertainty arising from uncertain input. By improving the usability of reanalyses for research requiring time series of climate variables for point locations, GlobSim can enable a wide range of simulation studies and model evaluations that previously were impeded by technical hurdles in obtaining suitable data.[Cao, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Tibetan Plateau Data Ctr, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Cao, Bin; Quan, Xiaojing; Brown, Nicholas; Stewart-Jones, Emilie; Gruber, Stephan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, CanadaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Carleton UniversityGruber, S (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada.stephan.gruber@carleton.caCao, Bin/AAH-7172-2019; Gruber, Stephan/E-3884-2010Cao, Bin/0000-0003-2473-2276; Gruber, Stephan/0000-0002-1079-1542Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (SOSCIP)/Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE)/IBM [806522]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2015-06456]Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (SOSCIP)/Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE)/IBM(International Business Machines (IBM)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This research has been supported by the Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (SOSCIP)/Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE)/IBM (grant no. 806522) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. RGPIN-2015-06456).7899<180 Day Usage Count>14COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1991-959X1991-9603GEOSCI MODEL DEVGeosci. Model Dev.NOV 72019121146614679
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4661-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4661-201919Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyJM9QIGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004965402000020 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.028
Climate regulates the erosional carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere
ArticleGEOMORPHOLOGYCarbon cycling; Physical erosion; Mountain rivers; Radiocarbon; Climate and runoffPARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; AMAZON-RIVER; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC O-2; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; SOIL CARBON; CO2 FLUXES; MATTERHilton, RGHilton, Robert G.EnglishErosion drives the export of particulate organic carbon from the terrestrial biosphere (POCbiosphere) and its delivery to rivers. The carbon transfer is globally significant and can result in drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) if the eroded POCbiosphere escapes degradation during river transfer and sedimentary deposition. Despite this recognition, we lack a global perspective on how the tectonic and climatic factors which govern physical erosion regulate POCbiosphere discharge, obscuring linkages between mountain building, climate, and CO2 drawdown. To fill this deficit, geochemical (delta C-13, C-14 and C/N), hydrometric (water discharge, suspended sediment concentration) and geomorphic (slope) measurements are combined from 33 globally-distributed forested mountain catchments. Radiocarbon activity is used to account for rock-derived organic carbon and reveals that POCbiosphere eroded from mountain forests is mostly <1300 C-14 years old. Annual POCbiosphere yields are positively correlated with suspended sediment yields, confirming results from Taiwan and a recent global analysis, and are high in catchments with the steepest slopes. Based on these relationships and the global distribution of slope angles (3-arc-second), it is suggested that topography steeper than 10 degrees (16% of the continental area) may contribute similar to 40% of global POCbiosphere erosional flux. Climate is shown to regulate POCbiosphere discharge by mountain rivers, by controlling hydrologically-driven erosion processes. In catchments where discharge measurements are available (8 of the 33) a significant relationship exists between daily runoff (mm day(-1)) and POCbiosphere concentration (mg L-1) (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001). The relationship can be described by a single power law and suggests a high connectivity between forested hillslopes and mountain river channels. As a result, annual POCbiosphere yields are significantly correlated with mean annual runoff (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). A shear-stress POCbiosphere erosion model is proposed which can explain the patterns in the data. The model allows the climate sensitivity of this carbon flux to be assessed for the first time. For a 1% increase in annual runoff; POCbiosphere discharge is predicted to increase by similar to 4%. In steeper catchments, POCbiosphere discharge increases more rapidly with an increase in annual runoff. For comparison, a 1% increase in annual runoff is predicted to increase carbon transfers by silicate weathering solute fluxes in mountains by 0.4-0.7%. Depending on the fate of the eroded POCbiosphere, river export of POCbiosphere from mountains may act as an important negative feedback on rising atmospheric CO2 and increased global temperature. Erosion of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere links mountain building and climate to the geological evolution of atmospheric CO2, while the carbon fluxes are sensitive to predicted changes in runoff over the coming century. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LD, EnglandDurham UniversityHilton, RG (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LD, England.r.g.hilton@durham.ac.ukNERC [NE/I001719/1, NRCF010001] Funding Source: UKRI; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/I001719/1, NRCF010001] Funding Source: researchfishNERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))1355758<180 Day Usage Count>7112ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0169-555X1872-695XGEOMORPHOLOGYGeomorphologyJAN 152017277SI118132
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.028http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.03.02815Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyEF9ALGreen Accepted2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0003906230000090 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13175
Direct and indirect effects of climate on richness drive the latitudinal diversity gradient in forest trees
ArticleECOLOGY LETTERSClimate tolerance hypothesis; CTFS-ForestGEO; latitudinal diversity gradient; more-individuals hypothesis; species-energy relationship; structural equation modellingSPECIES-DIVERSITY; GLOBAL PATTERNS; TEMPERATURE; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; ENERGY; WATER; SIZE; SPECIATIONChu, CJ; Lutz, JA; Kral, K; Vrska, T; Yin, X; Myers, JA; Abiem, I; Alonso, A; Bourg, N; Burslem, DFRP; Cao, M; Chapman, H; Condit, R; Fang, SQ; Fischer, GA; Gao, LM; Hao, ZQ; Hau, BCH; He, Q; Hector, A; Hubbell, SP; Jiang, MX; Jin, GZ; Kenfack, D; Lai, JS; Li, BH; Li, XK; Li, YD; Lian, JY; Lin, LX; Liu, YK; Liu, Y; Luo, YH; Ma, KP; McShea, W; Memiaghe, H; Mi, XC; Ni, M; O'Brien, MJ; de Oliveira, AA; Orwig, DA; Parker, GG; Qiao, XJ; Ren, HB; Reynolds, G; Sang, WG; Shen, GC; Su, ZY; Sui, XH; Sun, IF; Tian, SY; Wang, B; Wang, XH; Wang, XG; Wang, YS; Weiblen, GD; Wen, SJ; Xi, NX; Xiang, WS; Xu, H; Xu, K; Ye, WH; Zhang, BW; Zhang, JX; Zhang, XT; Zhang, YM; Zhu, K; Zimmerman, J; Storch, D; Baltzer, JL; Anderson-Teixeira, KJ; Mittelbach, GG; He, FLChu, Chengjin; Lutz, James A.; Kral, Kamil; Vrska, Tomas; Yin, Xue; Myers, Jonathan A.; Abiem, Iveren; Alonso, Alfonso; Bourg, Norm; Burslem, David F. R. P.; Cao, Min; Chapman, Hazel; Condit, Richard; Fang, Suqin; Fischer, Gunter A.; Gao, Lianming; Hao, Zhanqin; Hau, Billy C. H.; He, Qing; Hector, Andrew; Hubbell, Stephen P.; Jiang, Mingxi; Jin, Guangze; Kenfack, David; Lai, Jiangshan; Li, Buhang; Li, Xiankun; Li, Yide; Lian, Juyu; Lin, Luxiang; Liu, Yankun; Liu, Yu; Luo, Yahuang; Ma, Keping; McShea, William; Memiaghe, Herve; Mi, Xiangcheng; Ni, Ming; O'Brien, Michael J.; de Oliveira, Alexandre A.; Orwig, David A.; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Qiao, Xiujuan; Ren, Haibao; Reynolds, Glen; Sang, Weiguo; Shen, Guochun; Su, Zhiyao; Sui, Xinghua; Sun, I-Fang; Tian, Songyan; Wang, Bin; Wang, Xihua; Wang, Xugao; Wang, Youshi; Weiblen, George D.; Wen, Shujun; Xi, Nianxun; Xiang, Wusheng; Xu, Han; Xu, Kun; Ye, Wanhui; Zhang, Bingwei; Zhang, Jiaxin; Zhang, Xiaotong; Zhang, Yingming; Zhu, Kai; Zimmerman, Jess; Storch, David; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Mittelbach, Gary G.; He, FangliangEnglishClimate is widely recognised as an important determinant of the latitudinal diversity gradient. However, most existing studies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of climate, which substantially hinders our understanding of how climate constrains biodiversity globally. Using data from 35 large forest plots, we test hypothesised relationships amongst climate, topography, forest structural attributes (stem abundance, tree size variation and stand basal area) and tree species richness to better understand drivers of latitudinal tree diversity patterns. Climate influences tree richness both directly, with more species in warm, moist, aseasonal climates and indirectly, with more species at higher stem abundance. These results imply direct limitation of species diversity by climatic stress and more rapid (co-)evolution and narrower niche partitioning in warm climates. They also support the idea that increased numbers of individuals associated with high primary productivity are partitioned to support a greater number of species.[Chu, Chengjin; Yin, Xue; Fang, Suqin; He, Qing; Li, Buhang; Ni, Ming; Sui, Xinghua; Wang, Youshi; Xi, Nianxun; Zhang, Bingwei; Zhang, Xiaotong] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Wildland Resources Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Kral, Kamil; Vrska, Tomas] Silva Tarouca Res Inst, Dept Forest Ecol, Brno, Czech Republic; [Myers, Jonathan A.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Myers, Jonathan A.] Washington Univ, Tyson Res Ctr, St Louis, MO USA; [Abiem, Iveren] Univ Jos, Dept Plant Sci & Technol, Jos, Nigeria; [Abiem, Iveren; Chapman, Hazel] Nigerian Montane Forest Project, Mambilla Plateau, Taraba State, Nigeria; [Abiem, Iveren; Chapman, Hazel] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand; [Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Sustainabil, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA; [Bourg, Norm; McShea, William; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA; [Bourg, Norm] US Geol Survey, Hydrol Ecol Interact Branch, Earth Syst Proc Div, Water Mission Area, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA; [Burslem, David F. R. P.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland; [Cao, Min; Lin, Luxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Xishuangbanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China; [Condit, Richard] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA; [Condit, Richard] Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL USA; [Fischer, Gunter A.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Gao, Lianming; Luo, Yahuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Divers & Biogeog East Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China; [Hao, Zhanqin; Wang, Xugao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management, Inst Appl Ecol, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, Peoples R China; [Hau, Billy C. H.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Hector, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England; [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Jiang, Mingxi; Qiao, Xiujuan; Zhang, Jiaxin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aquat Bot & Watershed Ecol, Wuhan Bot Garden, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China; [Jin, Guangze] Northeast Forestry Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China; [Kenfack, David; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci Forest Global Earth Observ, Panama City, Panama; [Kenfack, David] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20560 USA; [Lai, Jiangshan; Ma, Keping; Mi, Xiangcheng; Ren, Haibao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Li, Xiankun; Wang, Bin; Wen, Shujun; Xiang, Wusheng] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg & Chinese Acad Sci, Guangxi Inst Bot, Guangxi Key Lab Plant Conservat & Restorat Ecol K, Guilin 541006, Peoples R China; [Li, Yide; Xu, Han] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Trop Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Lian, Juyu; Ye, Wanhui] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vegetat Restorat & Management Degraded Ec, South China Bot Garden, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yankun; Tian, Songyan] Heilongjiang Forestry Enginerring & Environm Inst, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yu; He, Fangliang] East China Normal Univ, ECNU Alberta Joint Lab Biodivers Study, Tiantong Natl Stn Forest Ecosyst Res, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Liu, Yu; Shen, Guochun; Wang, Xihua; He, Fangliang] East China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosyst Natl Observat &, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China; [Memiaghe, Herve] Ctr Natl Rech Sci & Technol, Inst Rech Ecol Trop, Libreville, Gabon; [O'Brien, Michael J.; Reynolds, Glen] Danum Valley Field Ctr, Southeast Asia Rainforest Res Partnership SEARRP, POB 60282, Lahad Datu 91112, Sabah, Malaysia; [de Oliveira, Alexandre A.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; [Orwig, David A.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA USA; [Parker, Geoffrey G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Grp, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA; [Sang, Weiguo] Minzu Univ China, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Sang, Weiguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China; [Su, Zhiyao] South China Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China; [Sun, I-Fang] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; [Weiblen, George D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Xu, Kun] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Lijiang Forest Ecosyst Res Stn, Lijiang 674100, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Yingming] Guangdong Chebaling Natl Nat Reserve, Shaoguan 512500, Peoples R China; [Zhu, Kai] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; [Zimmerman, Jess] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, San Juan, PR 00936 USA; [Storch, David] Charles Univ Prague, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ctr Theoret Study, Prague, Czech Republic; [Storch, David] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Ecol, Prague, Czech Republic; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Mittelbach, Gary G.] Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA; [Mittelbach, Gary G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA; [He, Fangliang] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, CanadaSun Yat Sen University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); University of Jos; University of Canterbury; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Aberdeen; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, CAS; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; University of Hong Kong; University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS; Northeast Forestry University - China; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, CAF; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Botanical Garden, CAS; East China Normal University; East China Normal University; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Harvard University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; South China Agricultural University; National Dong Hwa University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Puerto Rico; University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Charles University Prague; Wilfrid Laurier University; Michigan State University; Michigan State University; University of AlbertaChu, CJ (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.chuchjin@mail.sysu.edu.cnli, xiankun/HDP-1187-2022; Gao, Lian-Ming/AAU-2613-2021; Kral, Kamil/E-4415-2014; Burslem, David FRP/F-1204-2019; Vrska, Tomas/AAC-9161-2020; Chu, Chu/T-6038-2019; Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo de/G-8830-2012; Hector, Andrew/H-4199-2011; Zhang, Xiaotong/HIR-6204-2022; Gao, Lianming/H-4527-2011; Wang, Xugao/B-1111-2015; O'Brien, Michael/V-6548-2017; Zhang, Bingwei/AAI-1425-2019; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J./U-6075-2019; Oliveira, Alexandre/ABH-1255-2020; Mittelbach, Gary/A-2470-2013; Jin, Guangze/F-5271-2017; Lai, Jiangshan/HMP-3513-2023; Lutz, James/AAA-9574-2019; , Xiujuan/M-6966-2013Gao, Lian-Ming/0000-0001-9047-2658; Kral, Kamil/0000-0002-3848-2119; Burslem, David FRP/0000-0001-6033-0990; Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo de/0000-0001-5526-8109; Hector, Andrew/0000-0002-1309-7716; Gao, Lianming/0000-0001-9047-2658; Wang, Xugao/0000-0003-1207-8852; O'Brien, Michael/0000-0003-0943-8423; Zhang, Bingwei/0000-0002-7858-4806; Oliveira, Alexandre/0000-0001-5526-8109; Mittelbach, Gary/0000-0001-6971-9273; Jin, Guangze/0000-0002-9852-0965; Kenfack, David/0000-0001-8208-3388; Liu, Yu/0000-0001-9869-2735; Chu, Chengjin/0000-0002-0606-449X; Yin, Xue/0000-0003-1773-0467; Ni, Ming/0000-0002-5180-1049; Abiem, Iveren/0000-0002-0925-0618; Su, Zhiyao/0000-0003-4534-7502; Lutz, James/0000-0002-2560-0710; Orwig, David/0000-0001-7822-3560; McShea, William/0000-0002-8102-0200; Teixeira, Kristina/0000-0001-8461-9713; , Xiujuan/0000-0003-4647-399XNational Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC0506101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31622014, 31570426]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [17l-gzd24]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB31030000]; Czech Science Foundation [15-23242S, 16-26369S]National Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities); Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Chinese Academy of Sciences); Czech Science Foundation(Grant Agency of the Czech Republic)We thank Margie Mayfield, three anonymous reviewers and Jacob Weiner for constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0506101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31622014 and 31570426), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17l-gzd24) to CC. XW was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31030000). The study was also supported by the Czech Science Foundation (15-23242S to KK and TV, and 16-26369S to DS). Yves Rosseel provided us valuable suggestions on using the lavaan package conducting SEM analyses. Funding and citation information for each forest plot is available in the Text S1.585762<180 Day Usage Count>36280WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1461-023X1461-0248ECOL LETTEcol. Lett.FEB2019222245255
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13175http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.1317511EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHH9TT30548766Green Submitted2023-03-05WOS:0004560838000030 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo1324
Global glacier change in the 21st century: Every increase in temperature matters
ArticleSCIENCESURFACE VELOCITY; MASS-BALANCE; ICE CAP; ISLANDRounce, DR; Hock, R; Maussion, F; Hugonnet, R; Kochtitzky, W; Huss, M; Berthier, E; Brinkerhoff, D; Compagno, L; Copland, L; Farinotti, D; Menounos, B; McNabb, RWRounce, David R.; Hock, Regine; Maussion, Fabien; Hugonnet, Romain; Kochtitzky, William; Huss, Matthias; Berthier, Etienne; Brinkerhoff, Douglas; Compagno, Loris; Copland, Luke; Farinotti, Daniel; Menounos, Brian; McNabb, Robert W.EnglishGlacier mass loss affects sea level rise, water resources, and natural hazards. We present global glacier projections, excluding the ice sheets, for shared socioeconomic pathways calibrated with data for each glacier. Glaciers are projected to lose 26 +/- 6% (+1.5 degrees C) to 41 +/- 11% (+4 degrees C) of their mass by 2100, relative to 2015, for global temperature change scenarios. This corresponds to 90 +/- 26 to 154 +/- 44 millimeters sea level equivalent and will cause 49 +/- 9 to 83 +/- 7% of glaciers to disappear. Mass loss is linearly related to temperature increase and thus reductions in temperature increase reduce mass loss. Based on climate pledges from the Conference of the Parties (COP26), global mean temperature projected to increase by +2.7 degrees C, which would lead to a sea level contribution of 115 +/- 40 millimeters and cause widespread deglaciation in most mid-latitude regions by 2100.[Rounce, David R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; [Rounce, David R.; Hock, Regine] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Hock, Regine] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway; [Maussion, Fabien] Cryospher Sci Univ Innsbruck, Dept Atmospher, Innsbruck, Austria; [Hugonnet, Romain; Huss, Matthias; Compagno, Loris] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Hydraul Hydrol & Glaciol VAW, Zurich, Switzerland; [Hugonnet, Romain; Huss, Matthias; Compagno, Loris] Swiss Fed Inst Forest, Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Hugonnet, Romain; Berthier, Etienne] Univ Toulouse, LEGOS, CNES, CNRS,IRD,UPS, Toulouse, France; [Kochtitzky, William; Copland, Luke] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kochtitzky, William] Univ New England, Sch Marine & Environm Programs, Biddeford, ME USA; [Huss, Matthias] Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, Fribourg, Switzerland; [Brinkerhoff, Douglas] Univ Montana, Dept Comp Sci, Missoula, MT USA; [Menounos, Brian] Univ Northern British Columbia, Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Menounos, Brian] Hakai Inst, Campbell River George, BC, Canada; [McNabb, Robert W.] Ulster Univ, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Coleraine, North IrelandCarnegie Mellon University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Oslo; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et oceanographie spatiales; University of Ottawa; University of New England - Maine; University of Fribourg; University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of Northern British Columbia; Hakai Institute; Ulster UniversityRounce, DR (corresponding author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.;Rounce, DR (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.drounce@cmu.eduBerthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155; Copland, Luke/0000-0001-5374-2145; Rounce, David/0000-0002-4481-4191; Hugonnet, Romain/0000-0002-0955-1306; McNabb, Robert/0000-0003-0016-493X; Kochtitzky, William/0000-0001-9487-1509National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX17AB27G, 80NSSC20K1595, 80NSSC17K0566]; Norwegian Research Council [324131]; Tula Foundation; Canada Research Chairs; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Vanier Graduate Scholarship; Swiss National Science Foundation [101003687]; ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; University of Ottawa, University Research Chair program; European Union [P30256]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [80NSSC20K1296]; French Space Agency CNES; [184634]National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Norwegian Research Council(Research Council of Norway); Tula Foundation; Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Vanier Graduate Scholarship; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada; University of Ottawa, University Research Chair program; European Union(European Commission); Austrian Science Fund (FWF)(Austrian Science Fund (FWF)); French Space Agency CNES(Centre National D'etudes Spatiales); This work was funded by the following: National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant 80NSSC20K1296 (to D.R. and Re.Ho.) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant 80NSSC20K1595 (to D.R. and Re.Ho.) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant 80NSSC17K0566 (to D.R. and Re.Ho.) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NNX17AB27G (to D.R. and Re.Ho.) ; Norwegian Research Council project #324131 (to Re.Ho.) ; Tula Foundation and Canada Research Chairs (to B.M.) ; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to B.M. and Lu.Co.) ; Vanier Graduate Scholarship (to W.K.) ; Swiss National Science Foundation project 184634 (to Ro.Hu., M.H., Lo.Co., and D.F.) ; ArcticNet Network of Centres of Excellence Canada (to Lu.Co.) ; University of Ottawa, University Research Chair program (to Lu.Co.) ; European Union ?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme grant 101003687 (to F.M.) ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant P30256 (to F.M.) ; French Space Agency CNES (to E.B. and Ro.Hu.)3122<180 Day Usage Count>3030AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCEWASHINGTON1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA0036-80751095-9203SCIENCEScienceJAN 6202337966277883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo1324http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo13246Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics8G6DD36603094Green Submitted2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0009204329000070 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13459
Global patterns in lake ecosystem responses to warming based on the temperature dependence of metabolism
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYaquatic; carbon; climate change; fish; long-term; methane; temperature; tropicsCLIMATE-CHANGE; UNIVERSAL TEMPERATURE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; WATER TEMPERATURES; SIZE; RESPIRATION; ECOLOGY; RATES; SENTINELS; SERVICESKraemer, BM; Chandra, S; Dell, AI; Dix, M; Kuusisto, E; Livingstone, DM; Schladow, SG; Silow, E; Sitoki, LM; Tamatamah, R; McIntyre, PBKraemer, Benjamin M.; Chandra, Sudeep; Dell, Anthony I.; Dix, Margaret; Kuusisto, Esko; Livingstone, David M.; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Silow, Eugene; Sitoki, Lewis M.; Tamatamah, Rashid; McIntyre, Peter B.EnglishClimate warming is expected to have large effects on ecosystems in part due to the temperature dependence of metabolism. The responses of metabolic rates to climate warming may be greatest in the tropics and at low elevations because mean temperatures are warmer there and metabolic rates respond exponentially to temperature (with exponents > 1). However, if warming rates are sufficiently fast in higher latitude/elevation lakes, metabolic rate responses to warming may still be greater there even though metabolic rates respond exponentially to temperature. Thus, a wide range of global patterns in the magnitude of metabolic rate responses to warming could emerge depending on global patterns of temperature and warming rates. Here we use the Boltzmann-Arrhenius equation, published estimates of activation energy, and time series of temperature from 271 lakes to estimate long-term (1970-2010) changes in 64 metabolic processes in lakes. The estimated responses of metabolic processes to warming were usually greatest in tropical/low-elevation lakes even though surface temperatures in higher latitude/elevation lakes are warming faster. However, when the thermal sensitivity of a metabolic process is especially weak, higher latitude/elevation lakes had larger responses to warming in parallel with warming rates. Our results show that the sensitivity of a given response to temperature (as described by its activation energy) provides a simple heuristic for predicting whether tropical/low-elevation lakes will have larger or smaller metabolic responses to warming than higher latitude/elevation lakes. Overall, we conclude that the direct metabolic consequences of lake warming are likely to be felt most strongly at low latitudes and low elevations where metabolism-linked ecosystem services may be most affected.[Kraemer, Benjamin M.; McIntyre, Peter B.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Chandra, Sudeep] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA; [Dell, Anthony I.] Natl Great Rivers Res & Educ Ctr, Alton, IL USA; [Dell, Anthony I.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Dix, Margaret] Univ Valle Guatemala, Ctr Estudios Atitlan, Altiplano Campus, Solola, Guatemala; [Kuusisto, Esko] Finnish Environm Inst, Freshwater Ctr, Mechelininkatu, Helsinki, Finland; [Livingstone, David M.] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dept Water Resources & Drinking Water, Dubendorf, Switzerland; [Schladow, S. Geoffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA; [Silow, Eugene] Irkutsk State Univ, Inst Biol, Irkutsk, Russia; [Sitoki, Lewis M.] Tech Univ Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; [Tamatamah, Rashid] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaUniversity of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; Washington University (WUSTL); Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; Finnish Environment Institute; Swiss Federal InstituteKraemer, BM (corresponding author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.ben.m.kraemer@gmail.comKraemer, Benjamin/AAV-9299-2021; Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011Kraemer, Benjamin/0000-0002-3390-9005; Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-1030242, DEB-0842253]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) Grant; Russian Ministry of Education and Science Research Project [GR 01201461929]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; Institute of Agricultural and Natural Resources (IANR), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) Grant; Russian Ministry of Education and Science Research Project; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Institute of Agricultural and Natural Resources (IANR), University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))We are grateful for field research funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB-1030242 and DEB-0842253), and encouragement from the Global Lake Temperature Collaboration (DEB-1147666), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) Grant, the Russian Ministry of Education and Science Research Project GR 01201461929, the Russian Science Foundation Project No. 14-14-00400, Institute of Agricultural and Natural Resources (IANR), University of Nebraska-Lincoln. We also gratefully recognize the contributions of the editors of Global Change Biology and two anonymous reviewers. This work benefited substantially from author participation in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON).597477<180 Day Usage Count>8125WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.MAY201723518811890
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13459http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1345910Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyEQ1AB27591144Green Accepted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0003978006000110 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03262-3
Human alteration of global surface water storage variability
ArticleNATURERESERVOIRS; LAND; IMPACT; LAKES; ELEVATION; SEDIMENT; DAMS; AREACooley, SW; Ryan, JC; Smith, LCCooley, Sarah W.; Ryan, Jonathan C.; Smith, Laurence C.EnglishKnowing the extent of human influence on the global hydrological cycle is essential for the sustainability of freshwater resources on Earth(1,2). However, a lack of water level observations for the world's ponds, lakes and reservoirs has limited the quantification of human-managed (reservoir) changes in surface water storage compared to its natural variability(3). The global storage variability in surface water bodies and the extent to which it is altered by humans therefore remain unknown. Here we show that 57 per cent of the Earth's seasonal surface water storage variability occurs in human-managed reservoirs. Using measurements from NASA's ICESat-2 satellite laser altimeter, which was launched in late 2018, we assemble an extensive global water level dataset that quantifies water level variability for 227,386 water bodies from October 2018 to July 2020. We find that seasonal variability in human-managed reservoirs averages 0.86 metres, whereas natural water bodies vary by only 0.22 metres. Natural variability in surface water storage is greatest in tropical basins, whereas human-managed variability is greatest in the Middle East, southern Africa and the western USA. Strong regional patterns are also found, with human influence driving 67 per cent of surface water storage variability south of 45 degrees north and nearly 100 per cent in certain arid and semi-arid regions. As economic development, population growth and climate change continue to pressure global water resources(4), our approach provides a useful baseline from which ICESat-2 and future satellite missions will be able to track human modifications to the global hydrologic cycle.[Cooley, Sarah W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Cooley, Sarah W.; Ryan, Jonathan C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; [Ryan, Jonathan C.; Smith, Laurence C.] Brown Univ, Inst Brown Environm & Soc, Providence, RI 02912 USA; [Smith, Laurence C.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USAStanford University; University of Oregon; Brown University; Brown UniversityCooley, SW (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Cooley, SW (corresponding author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.scooley@stanford.eduCooley, Sarah/0000-0001-8953-6730NASA Studies with ICESat-2 programme [80NSSC20K0963]; NASA Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission [80NSSC20K1144S]; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; Stanford Science Fellows programme; Voss Postdoctoral Fellowship through the Institute at Brown for Environment and SocietyNASA Studies with ICESat-2 programme; NASA Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Stanford Science Fellows programme; Voss Postdoctoral Fellowship through the Institute at Brown for Environment and SocietyThis research was funded by the NASA Studies with ICESat-2 programme (grant #80NSSC20K0963) managed by T. Markus, and the NASA Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission (grant #80NSSC20K1144S) managed by N. Vinogradova-Shiffer. S.W.C. gratefully acknowledges support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and the Stanford Science Fellows programme. J.C.R. is grateful for support from a Voss Postdoctoral Fellowship through the Institute at Brown for Environment and Society. We thank M. Mulligan at King's College London for making the GOODD dataset publicly available at Global Dam Watch.468287<180 Day Usage Count>78269NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureMAR 42021591784878+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03262-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03262-317Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsQT9QO33658697YN2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006269217000130 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15661
Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYeddy covariance; generalized additive modeling; lags; methane; mutual information; predictors; random forest; synthesis; time scales; wetlandsMULTISCALE TEMPORAL VARIATION; EDDY-COVARIANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECOSYSTEM METHANE; TABLE POSITION; GAS FLUXES; EMISSIONS; CH4; TEMPERATURE; PERMAFROSTKnox, SH; Bansal, S; McNicol, G; Schafer, K; Sturtevant, C; Ueyama, M; Valach, AC; Baldocchi, D; Delwiche, K; Desai, AR; Euskirchen, E; Liu, JX; Lohila, A; Malhotra, A; Melling, L; Riley, W; Runkle, BRK; Turner, J; Vargas, R; Zhu, Q; Alto, T; Fluet-Chouinard, E; Goeckede, M; Melton, JR; Sonnentag, O; Vesala, T; Ward, E; Zhang, Z; Feron, S; Ouyang, ZT; Alekseychik, P; Aurela, M; Bohrer, G; Campbell, DI; Chen, JQ; Chu, HS; Dalmagro, HJ; Goodrich, JP; Gottschalk, P; Hirano, T; Iwata, H; Jurasinski, G; Kang, M; Koebsch, F; Mammarella, I; Nilsson, MB; Ono, K; Peichl, M; Peltola, O; Ryu, Y; Sachs, T; Sakabe, A; Sparks, JP; Tuittila, ES; Vourlitis, GL; Wong, GX; Windham-Myers, L; Poulter, B; Jackson, RBKnox, Sara H.; Bansal, Sheel; McNicol, Gavin; Schafer, Karina; Sturtevant, Cove; Ueyama, Masahito; Valach, Alex C.; Baldocchi, Dennis; Delwiche, Kyle; Desai, Ankur R.; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Liu, Jinxun; Lohila, Annalea; Malhotra, Avni; Melling, Lulie; Riley, William; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Turner, Jessica; Vargas, Rodrigo; Zhu, Qing; Alto, Tuula; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; Goeckede, Mathias; Melton, Joe R.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Vesala, Timo; Ward, Eric; Zhang, Zhen; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao; Alekseychik, Pavel; Aurela, Mika; Bohrer, Gil; Campbell, David, I; Chen, Jiquan; Chu, Housen; Dalmagro, Higo J.; Goodrich, Jordan P.; Gottschalk, Pia; Hirano, Takashi; Iwata, Hiroki; Jurasinski, Gerald; Kang, Minseok; Koebsch, Franziska; Mammarella, Ivan; Nilsson, Mats B.; Ono, Keisuke; Peichl, Matthias; Peltola, Olli; Ryu, Youngryel; Sachs, Torsten; Sakabe, Ayaka; Sparks, Jed P.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Vourlitis, George L.; Wong, Guan X.; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Poulter, Benjamin; Jackson, Robert B.EnglishWhile wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We used several statistical approaches (correlation analysis, generalized additive modeling, mutual information, and random forests) in a wavelet-based multi-resolution framework to assess the importance of environmental predictors, nonlinearities and lags on FCH4 across 23 eddy covariance sites. Seasonally, soil and air temperature were dominant predictors of FCH4 at sites with smaller seasonal variation in water table depth (WTD). In contrast, WTD was the dominant predictor for wetlands with smaller variations in temperature (e.g., seasonal tropical/subtropical wetlands). Changes in seasonal FCH4 lagged fluctuations in WTD by similar to 17 +/- 11 days, and lagged air and soil temperature by median values of 8 +/- 16 and 5 +/- 15 days, respectively. Temperature and WTD were also dominant predictors at the multiday scale. Atmospheric pressure (PA) was another important multiday scale predictor for peat-dominated sites, with drops in PA coinciding with synchronous releases of CH4. At the diel scale, synchronous relationships with latent heat flux and vapor pressure deficit suggest that physical processes controlling evaporation and boundary layer mixing exert similar controls on CH4 volatilization, and suggest the influence of pressurized ventilation in aerenchymatous vegetation. In addition, 1- to 4-h lagged relationships with ecosystem photosynthesis indicate recent carbon substrates, such as root exudates, may also control FCH4. By addressing issues of scale, asynchrony, and nonlinearity, this work improves understanding of the predictors and timing of wetland FCH4 that can inform future studies and models, and help constrain wetland CH4 emissions.[Knox, Sara H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Bansal, Sheel] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA; [McNicol, Gavin; Delwiche, Kyle; Malhotra, Avni; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; Feron, Sarah; Ouyang, Zutao; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Schafer, Karina] Rutgers Univ Newark, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA; [Sturtevant, Cove] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO USA; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; [Valach, Alex C.; Baldocchi, Dennis] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Liu, Jinxun] US Geol Survey, Western Geog Sci Ctr, Moffett Field, CA USA; [Lohila, Annalea; Vesala, Timo; Mammarella, Ivan] Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Lohila, Annalea; Alto, Tuula; Aurela, Mika; Peltola, Olli] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Syst Res, Helsinki, Finland; [Melling, Lulie; Wong, Guan X.] Sarawak Trop Peat Res Inst, Sarawak, Malaysia; [Riley, William; Zhu, Qing] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, Berkeley, CA USA; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Turner, Jessica] Univ Wisconsin, Freshwater & Marine Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Signals, Jena, Germany; [Melton, Joe R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Vesala, Timo] Yugra State Univ, Khanty Mansiysk, Russia; [Ward, Eric] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA; [Zhang, Zhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Feron, Sarah] Univ Santiago, Dept Phys, Santiago, Chile; [Alekseychik, Pavel] Nat Resources Inst Finland LUKE, Helsinki, Finland; [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Campbell, David, I; Goodrich, Jordan P.] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand; [Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Chen, Jiquan] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA; [Chu, Housen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA; [Dalmagro, Higo J.] Univ Cuiaba, Cuiaba, Brazil; [Gottschalk, Pia; Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Hirano, Takashi] Hokkaido Univ, Res Fac Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Jurasinski, Gerald; Koebsch, Franziska] Univ Rostock, Rostock, Germany; [Kang, Minseok] Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol, Seoul, South Korea; [Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Ono, Keisuke] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Ryu, Youngryel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul, South Korea; [Sakabe, Ayaka] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan; [Sparks, Jed P.] Cornell, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY USA; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joesnuu, Finland; [Vourlitis, George L.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, San Marcos, CA USA; [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Poulter, Benjamin] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USAUniversity of British Columbia; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Stanford University; Rutgers State University Newark; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Delaware; Max Planck Society; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Universite de Montreal; Yugra State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Waikato; Michigan State University; Michigan State University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Universidade de Cuiaba; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Hokkaido University; Shinshu University; University of Rostock; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Seoul National University (SNU); Kyoto University; Cornell University; University of Eastern Finland; California State University System; California State University San Marcos; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Stanford University; Stanford UniversityKnox, SH (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada.sara.knox@ubc.caChu, Housen/Q-6517-2016; Ryu, Youngryel/AAH-8953-2020; Peltola, Olli/Z-1194-2019; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021; Desai, Ankur/L-2495-2019; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Zhu, Qing/G-2433-2015; Runkle, B. R. K./ABG-5884-2021; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Runkle, B. R. K./AAC-3404-2020; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Hirano, Takashi/A-4557-2012; Ryu, Youngryel/GZM-4149-2022; Dalmagro, Higo José/P-7945-2017; McNicol, Gavin/O-5632-2015Chu, Housen/0000-0002-8131-4938; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Peltola, Olli/0000-0002-1744-6290; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Zhu, Qing/0000-0003-2441-944X; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Dalmagro, Higo José/0000-0002-2953-2575; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; McNicol, Gavin/0000-0002-6655-8045; Malhotra, Avni/0000-0002-7850-6402; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Alekseychik, Pavel/0000-0002-4081-3917Canada Foundation for Innovation; U.S. Geological Survey; German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture; National Science Foundation [1652594, DGE-1747503, 1752083, DEB-1440297]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish national research infrastructure; Swedish Research Council; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0021067, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ohio Department of Natural Resources [N18B 315-11]; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Agriculture [2011-67003-30371]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF5439]; Academy of Finland [287039, 296116, 307331, 312912, 330840]; Canada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2018R1C1B6002917]; Department of Water Resources; ArCS II [JPMXD1420318865]; JSPS [20K21849]; Kempe Foundation; European Union [696356]; NIFA [688735, 2011-67003-30371] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20K21849] Funding Source: KAKEN; Academy of Finland (AKA) [312912] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Canada Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); U.S. Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Swedish national research infrastructure; Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Svenska Forskningsradet Formas(Swedish Research Council Formas); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); U.S. Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Ohio Department of Natural Resources; Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); U.S. Department of Agriculture(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Canada Research Chairs(Canada Research ChairsCGIAR); National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); Department of Water Resources; ArCS II; JSPS(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science); Kempe Foundation; European Union(European Commission); NIFA(United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)National Institute of Food and Agriculture); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))Canada Foundation for Innovation, Grant/ Award Number: Leaders Opportunity Fund; U.S. Geological Survey; German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture; National Science Foundation, Grant/ Award Number: 1652594, DGE-1747503, 1752083 and DEB-1440297; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Swedish national research infrastructure; Swedish Research Council; Svenska Forskningsradet Formas; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. Department of Energy, Grant/Award Number: DE-SC0021067 and DE-AC02-05CH11231; Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Grant/Award Number: N18B 315-11; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: 2011-67003-30371; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Grant/Award Number: GBMF5439; Academy of Finland, Grant/ Award Number: 287039, 296116, 307331, 312912 and 330840; Canada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: NRF-2018 R1C1B6002917; Department of Water Resources; ArCS II, Grant/Award Number: JPMXD1420318865; JSPS, Grant/Award Number: 20K21849; Kempe Foundation; European Union's Horizon 2020, Grant/ Award Number: 6963561092122<180 Day Usage Count>1691WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.AUG2021271535823604
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15661http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.156612021-05-01 00:00:0023Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyTD0LG33914985Green Submitted, Green Accepted2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0006559334000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15934
Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYclimate sensitivity; environmental change; Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO); generalized least squares (GLS); nonlinear; tree diameter; tree ringsUSE EFFICIENCY; BOREAL FOREST; CARBON UPTAKE; HALF-CENTURY; TRENDS; AGE; RECONSTRUCTIONS; TEMPERATURE; COMPETITION; INCREASESAnderson-Teixeira, KJ; Herrmann, V; Rollinson, CR; Gonzalez, B; Gonzalez-Akre, EB; Pederson, N; Alexander, MR; Allen, CD; Alfaro-Sanchez, R; Awada, T; Baltzer, JL; Baker, PJ; Birch, JD; Bunyavejchewin, S; Cherubini, P; Davies, SJ; Dow, C; Helcoski, R; Kaspar, J; Lutz, JA; Margolis, EQ; Maxwell, JT; McMahon, SM; Piponiot, C; Russo, SE; Samonil, P; Sniderhan, AE; Tepley, AJ; Vasickova, I; Vlam, M; Zuidema, PAAnderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Herrmann, Valentine; Rollinson, Christine R.; Gonzalez, Bianca; Gonzalez-Akre, Erika B.; Pederson, Neil; Alexander, M. Ross; Allen, Craig D.; Alfaro-Sanchez, Raquel; Awada, Tala; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Baker, Patrick J.; Birch, Joseph D.; Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh; Cherubini, Paolo; Davies, Stuart J.; Dow, Cameron; Helcoski, Ryan; Kaspar, Jakub; Lutz, James A.; Margolis, Ellis Q.; Maxwell, Justin T.; McMahon, Sean M.; Piponiot, Camille; Russo, Sabrina E.; Samonil, Pavel; Sniderhan, Anastasia E.; Tepley, Alan J.; Vasickova, Ivana; Vlam, Mart; Zuidema, Pieter A.EnglishTree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model nonlinear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and calendar year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree's growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over >= 3-month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually maximum temperature, over <= 3-month seasonal windows), with concave-down responses in 63% of relationships. Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (45% of cases tested), with larger trees usually more sensitive. Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently reached maxima at intermediate DBH. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.[Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Herrmann, Valentine; Gonzalez, Bianca; Gonzalez-Akre, Erika B.; Dow, Cameron; Helcoski, Ryan; Piponiot, Camille; Tepley, Alan J.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA; [Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Davies, Stuart J.; McMahon, Sean M.; Piponiot, Camille] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Forest Global Earth Observ, Panama City, Panama; [Rollinson, Christine R.] Morton Arboretum, Ctr Tree Sci, Lisle, IL USA; [Pederson, Neil] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA USA; [Alexander, M. Ross] Midwest Dendro LLC, Naperville, IL USA; [Allen, Craig D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Alfaro-Sanchez, Raquel; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Sniderhan, Anastasia E.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Awada, Tala] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA; [Baker, Patrick J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Ecosyst & Forest Sci, Richmond, Vic, Australia; [Birch, Joseph D.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh] Natl Pk Wildlife & Plant Conservat Dept, Bangkok, Thailand; [Cherubini, Paolo] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Cherubini, Paolo] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Dow, Cameron] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA; [Kaspar, Jakub; Samonil, Pavel; Vasickova, Ivana] Silva Tarouca Res Inst Landscape & Ornamental Gar, Dept Forest Ecol, Brno, Czech Republic; [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, SJ & Jessie E Quinney Coll Nat Resources & Ecol C, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Margolis, Ellis Q.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, New Mexico Landscapes Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM USA; [Maxwell, Justin T.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [McMahon, Sean M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA; [Piponiot, Camille] CIRAD, Montpellier, France; [Russo, Sabrina E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA; [Russo, Sabrina E.] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Plant Sci Innovat, Lincoln, NE USA; [Tepley, Alan J.] Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Vlam, Mart; Zuidema, Pieter A.] Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Alexander, M. Ross] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Infrastruct Sci, Lamont, IL USASmithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Harvard University; University of New Mexico; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Melbourne; University of Alberta; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of British Columbia; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University West Lafayette Campus; Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape & Ornamental Gardening; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; CIRAD; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National LaboratoryAnderson-Teixeira, KJ (corresponding author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA.;Anderson-Teixeira, KJ (corresponding author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Forest Global Earth Observ, Panama City, Panama.teixeirak@si.eduSamonil, Pavel/E-5831-2014; Vašíčková, Ivana/ABF-2048-2020; Kašpar, Jakub/AAT-6127-2020; Cherubini, Paolo/N-9702-2013; Kašpar, Jakub/E-6019-2017; Alfaro Sanchez, Raquel/K-6836-2017; Pederson, Neil/E-8551-2013Vašíčková, Ivana/0000-0002-6070-5956; Kašpar, Jakub/0000-0003-1780-6310; Cherubini, Paolo/0000-0002-9809-250X; Kašpar, Jakub/0000-0003-1780-6310; Rollinson, Christine/0000-0003-0181-7293; Teixeira, Kristina/0000-0001-8461-9713; Gonzalez-Akre, Erika/0000-0001-8305-6672; Alfaro Sanchez, Raquel/0000-0001-7357-3027; Helcoski, Ryan/0000-0003-3579-0121; Allen, Craig D./0000-0002-8777-5989; Pederson, Neil/0000-0003-3830-263X; Tepley, Alan/0000-0002-5701-9613; Alexander, M. Ross/0000-0003-1106-1100Czech Science Foundation [19-09427S]; National Science Foundation [DEB-1353301]; Smithsonian Institution; Utah Agricultural Extension StationCzech Science Foundation(Grant Agency of the Czech Republic); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Smithsonian Institution(Smithsonian Institution); Utah Agricultural Extension StationNational Science Foundation, Grant/ Award Number: DEB-1353301; Czech Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 19-09427S; Smithsonian Institution, Grant/Award Number: Scholary Studies grant; Utah Agricultural Extension Station1281616<180 Day Usage Count>2765WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.JAN2022281245266
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15934http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15934OCT 202122Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyXG9RU34653296Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-05WOS:0007127303000010 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007057
Latitude, Elevation, and Mean Annual Temperature Predict Peat Organic Matter Chemistry at a Global Scale
ArticleGLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES1030 geochemical cycles (0330); 1055 organic and biogenic geochemistry; 0486 soils; pedology (1865); 0428 carbon cycling (4806); 0497 wetlands (1890); peatlands; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); soil carbon; aromatics; carbohydrate; o-alkyl carbonLITTER DECOMPOSITION; CARBON ACCUMULATION; NORTHERN PEATLANDS; SPHAGNUM LITTER; QUALITY; FENS; DEGRADATION; SUBSTRATE; INCREASE; DROUGHTVerbeke, BA; Lamit, LJ; Lilleskov, EA; Hodgkins, SB; Basiliko, N; Kane, ES; Andersen, R; Artz, RRE; Benavides, JC; Benscoter, BW; Borken, W; Bragazza, L; Brandt, SM; Brauer, SL; Carson, MA; Charman, D; Chen, X; Clarkson, BR; Cobb, AR; Convey, P; Pasquel, JD; Enriquez, AS; Griffiths, H; Grover, SP; Harvey, CF; Harris, LI; Hazard, C; Hodgson, D; Hoyt, AM; Hribljan, J; Jauhiainen, J; Juutinen, S; Knorr, KH; Kolka, RK; Kononen, M; Larmola, T; McCalley, CK; McLaughlin, J; Moore, TR; Mykytczuk, N; Normand, AE; Rich, V; Roulet, N; Royles, J; Rutherford, J; Smith, DS; Svenning, MM; Tedersoo, L; Thu, PQ; Trettin, CC; Tuittila, ES; Urbanova, Z; Varner, RK; Wang, M; Wang, Z; Warren, M; Wiedermann, MM; Williams, S; Yavitt, JB; Yu, ZG; Yu, ZC; Chanton, JPVerbeke, Brittany A.; Lamit, Louis J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Basiliko, Nathan; Kane, Evan S.; Andersen, Roxane; Artz, Rebekka R. E.; Benavides, Juan C.; Benscoter, Brian W.; Borken, Werner; Bragazza, Luca; Brandt, Stefani M.; Braeuer, Suzanna L.; Carson, Michael A.; Charman, Dan; Chen, Xin; Clarkson, Beverley R.; Cobb, Alexander R.; Convey, Peter; Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila; Enriquez, Andrea S.; Griffiths, Howard; Grover, Samantha P.; Harvey, Charles F.; Harris, Lorna, I; Hazard, Christina; Hodgson, Dominic; Hoyt, Alison M.; Hribljan, John; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Juutinen, Sari; Knorr, Klaus-Holger; Kolka, Randall K.; Kononen, Mari; Larmola, Tuula; McCalley, Carmody K.; McLaughlin, James; Moore, Tim R.; Mykytczuk, Nadia; Normand, Anna E.; Rich, Virginia; Roulet, Nigel; Royles, Jessica; Rutherford, Jasmine; Smith, David S.; Svenning, Mette M.; Tedersoo, Leho; Thu, Pham Q.; Trettin, Carl C.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Urbanova, Zuzana; Varner, Ruth K.; Wang, Meng; Wang, Zheng; Warren, Matt; Wiedermann, Magdalena M.; Williams, Shanay; Yavitt, Joseph B.; Yu, Zhi-Guo; Yu, Zicheng; Chanton, Jeffrey P.EnglishPeatlands contain a significant fraction of global soil carbon, but how these reservoirs will respond to the changing climate is still relatively unknown. A global picture of the variations in peat organic matter chemistry will aid our ability to gauge peatland soil response to climate. The goal of this research is to test the hypotheses that (a) peat carbohydrate content, an indicator of soil organic matter reactivity, will increase with latitude and decrease with mean annual temperatures, (b) while peat aromatic content, an indicator of recalcitrance, will vary inversely, and (c) elevation will have a similar effect to latitude. We used Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to examine variations in the organic matter functional groups of 1034 peat samples collected from 10 to 20, 30-40, and 60-70 cm depths at 165 individual sites across a latitudinal gradient of 79 degrees N-65 degrees S and from elevations of 0-4,773 m. Carbohydrate contents of high latitude peat were significantly greater than peat originating near the equator, while aromatic content showed the opposite trend. For peat from similar latitudes but different elevations, the carbohydrate content was greater and aromatic content was lower at higher elevations. Higher carbohydrate content at higher latitudes indicates a greater potential for mineralization, whereas the chemical composition of low latitude peat is consistent with their apparent relative stability in the face of warmer temperatures. The combination of low carbohydrates and high aromatics at warmer locations near the equator suggests the mineralization of high latitude peat until reaching recalcitrance under a new temperature regime.[Verbeke, Brittany A.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Lamit, Louis J.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Dept Environm & Forest Biol, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA; [Lilleskov, Erik A.; Kane, Evan S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Houghton, MI USA; [Hodgkins, Suzanne B.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Rich, Virginia] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Basiliko, Nathan; Carson, Michael A.] Laurentian Univ, Dept Biol, Sudbury, ON, Canada; [Basiliko, Nathan; Carson, Michael A.; Mykytczuk, Nadia] Laurentian Univ, Vale Living Lakes Ctr, Sudbury, ON, Canada; [Kane, Evan S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA; [Andersen, Roxane] Univ Highlands & Isl, Environm Res Inst, Inverness, Scotland; [Artz, Rebekka R. E.] James Hutton Inst, Ecol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland; [Benavides, Juan C.] Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Ecol & Terr, Bogota, Colombia; [Benscoter, Brian W.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA; [Benscoter, Brian W.] US DOE, Off Sci Biol & Environm Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA; [Borken, Werner] Univ Bayreuth, Soil Ecol, Bayreuth, Germany; [Bragazza, Luca] Agroscope, Field Crop Syst & Plant Nutr, Res Div Plant Prod Syst, Nyon, Switzerland; [Brandt, Stefani M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; [Braeuer, Suzanna L.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Biol, Boone, NC 28608 USA; [Charman, Dan] Univ Exeter, Prince Wales Rd, Exeter, Devon, England; [Chen, Xin] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China; [Clarkson, Beverley R.] Landcare Res New Zealand Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand; [Cobb, Alexander R.] Singapore Mit Alliance Res & Technol, Ctr Environm Sensing & Modeling, Singapore, Singapore; [Convey, Peter; Hodgson, Dominic] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England; [Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru; [Pasquel, Jhon del Aguila] Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru; [Enriquez, Andrea S.] Inst Invest Forestales & Agr CONICET INTA, Rio Negro, Argentina; [Griffiths, Howard; Royles, Jessica] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge, England; [Grover, Samantha P.] RMIT Univ, Appl Chem & Environm Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; [Harvey, Charles F.] Massachusetts Inst Technol & Singapore MIT Allian, Cambridge, MA USA; [Harris, Lorna, I] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Harris, Lorna, I; Moore, Tim R.; Roulet, Nigel] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Hazard, Christina] Univ Lyon, Ecole Cent Yon, Lab Ampere, Environm Microbial Genom Grp, Ecully, France; [Hoyt, Alison M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Hribljan, John] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA; [Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Kononen, Mari] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Larmola, Tuula] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Helsinki, Finland; [Juutinen, Sari] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Ecosyst & Environm Res Program, Helsinki, Finland; [Knorr, Klaus-Holger] Univ Munster, Inst Landscape Ecol, Ecohydrol & Biogeochem Grp, Munster, Germany; [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN USA; [Kononen, Mari; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [McCalley, Carmody K.] Rochester Inst Technol, Gosnell Sch Life Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA; [McLaughlin, James] Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Normand, Anna E.] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL USA; [Rutherford, Jasmine] Dept Biodivers Conservat & Attract, Kensington, NSW, Australia; [Smith, David S.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Biol, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA; [Svenning, Mette M.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Tedersoo, Leho] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Tedersoo, Leho] King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; [Thu, Pham Q.] Vietnamese Acad Forest Sci, Forest Protect Res Ctr, Hanoi, Vietnam; [Trettin, Carl C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Cordesville, SC USA; [Urbanova, Zuzana] Univ South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Dept Ecosyst Biol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; [Varner, Ruth K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci & Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Wang, Meng] Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Peat & Mire Res, State Environm Protect Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Veg, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Wang, Zheng] Hebei Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Baoding, Peoples R China; [Warren, Matt] Earth Innovat Inst, San Francisco, CA USA; [Wiedermann, Magdalena M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA; [Williams, Shanay] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Agr & Bioresources, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Yavitt, Joseph B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Ithaca, NY USA; [Yu, Zhi-Guo] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing, Peoples R China; [Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Yu, Zicheng] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Inst Peat & Mire Res, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R ChinaState University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; State University of New York (SUNY) College of Environmental Science & Forestry; Syracuse University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Laurentian University; Laurentian University; Michigan Technological University; UHI Millennium Institute; James Hutton Institute; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; State University System of Florida; Florida Atlantic University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); University of Bayreuth; Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope; California State University System; California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt; University of North Carolina; Appalachian State University; University of Exeter; Zhejiang University; Landcare Research - New Zealand; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology Centre (SMART); UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana; University of Cambridge; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT); University of Alberta; McGill University; Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon - INSA Lyon; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Max Planck Society; University of Nebraska System; University of Helsinki; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Helsinki; University of Munster; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Eastern Finland; Rochester Institute of Technology; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; California State University System; California State University San Bernardino; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences; King Saud University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; Northeast Normal University - China; Hebei Agricultural University; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University of Saskatchewan; Cornell University; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Lehigh University; Northeast Normal University - ChinaChanton, JP (corresponding author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.jchanton@fsu.eduWarren, Matthew/GSN-9722-2022; Artz, Rebekka/G-6384-2013; Cobb, Alex/ABA-8085-2020; Knorr, Klaus-Holger/B-8321-2008; Varner, Ruth K/E-5371-2011; harvey, charles/A-8601-2012; Hazard, Christina/K-8925-2019Warren, Matthew/0000-0001-6021-4818; Artz, Rebekka/0000-0002-8462-6558; Cobb, Alex/0000-0002-3128-3002; Knorr, Klaus-Holger/0000-0003-4175-0214; Varner, Ruth K/0000-0002-3571-6629; harvey, charles/0000-0002-7759-4447; Hazard, Christina/0000-0002-0325-5856; Kane, Evan/0000-0003-1665-0596; del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon/0000-0003-2103-7390; Urbanova, Zuzana/0000-0002-0742-3933; Jauhiainen, Jyrki/0000-0001-7023-859X; Verbeke, Brittany/0000-0001-5686-6485; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Clarkson, Beverley/0000-0003-4067-8038; Chanton, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3303-9708; Hodgkins, Suzanne/0000-0002-0489-9207USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Climate Change Program; US National Science Foundation [DEB-1146149]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program, under United States DOE [DE-SC0007144, DE-SC0012088]; National Science Foundation [2022070]USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Climate Change Program; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program, under United States DOE; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Climate Change Program, the US National Science Foundation (grant number DEB-1146149) to E.S. Kane and E.A. Lilleskov. This study was funded in part by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program, under United States DOE contracts DE-SC0007144 and DESC0012088. We also acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation for the EMERGE Biology Integration Institute, NSF Award #2022070. For sample collection we thank Ian A. Dickie and the Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; the Cass Field Station, University of Canterbury; Geoff Zahn of Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA; Christopher W. Schadt, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; and Mark. P. Waldrop, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, USGS Menlo Park, CA, USA. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.9255<180 Day Usage Count>2041AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0886-62361944-9224GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CYGlob. Biogeochem. CycleFEB2022362
e2021GB007057
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007057http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021GB00705717Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesZO3SXGreen Accepted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007656492000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0271-1
Latitudinal limits to the predicted increase of the peatland carbon sink with warming
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGENORTHERN PEATLANDS; HOLOCENE CARBON; CLIMATE; CYCLE; DECOMPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICSGallego-Sala, AV; Charman, DJ; Brewer, S; Page, SE; Prentice, IC; Friedlingstein, P; Moreton, S; Amesbury, MJ; Beilman, DW; Bjorck, S; Blyakharchuk, T; Bochicchio, C; Booth, RK; Bunbury, J; Camill, P; Carless, D; Chimner, RA; Clifford, M; Cressey, E; Courtney-Mustaphi, C; De Vleeschouwer, F; de Jong, R; Fialkiewicz-Koziel, B; Finkelstein, SA; Garneau, M; Githumbi, E; Hribjlan, J; Holmquist, J; Hughes, PDM; Jones, C; Jones, MC; Karofeld, E; Klein, ES; Kokfelt, U; Korhola, A; Lacourse, T; Le Roux, G; Lamentowicz, M; Large, D; Lavoie, M; Loisel, J; Mackay, H; MacDonald, GM; Makila, M; Magnan, G; Marchant, R; Marcisz, K; Cortizas, AM; Massa, C; Mathijssen, P; Mauquoy, D; Mighall, T; Mitchell, FJG; Moss, P; Nichols, J; Oksanen, PO; Orme, L; Packalen, MS; Robinson, S; Roland, TP; Sanderson, NK; Sannel, ABK; Silva-Sanchez, N; Steinberg, N; Swindles, GT; Turner, TE; Uglow, J; Valiranta, M; van Bellen, S; van der Linden, M; van Geel, B; Wang, GP; Yu, ZC; Zaragoza-Castells, J; Zhao, YGallego-Sala, Angela, V; Charman, Dan J.; Brewer, Simon; Page, Susan E.; Prentice, I. Colin; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Moreton, Steve; Amesbury, Matthew J.; Beilman, David W.; Bjorck, Svante; Blyakharchuk, Tatiana; Bochicchio, Christopher; Booth, Robert K.; Bunbury, Joan; Camill, Philip; Carless, Donna; Chimner, Rodney A.; Clifford, Michael; Cressey, Elizabeth; Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin; De Vleeschouwer, Francois; de Jong, Rixt; Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara; Finkelstein, Sarah A.; Garneau, Michelle; Githumbi, Esther; Hribjlan, John; Holmquist, James; Hughes, Paul D. M.; Jones, Chris; Jones, Miriam C.; Karofeld, Edgar; Klein, Eric S.; Kokfelt, Ulla; Korhola, Atte; Lacourse, Terri; Le Roux, Gael; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Large, David; Lavoie, Martin; Loisel, Julie; Mackay, Helen; MacDonald, Glen M.; Makila, Markku; Magnan, Gabriel; Marchant, Robert; Marcisz, Katarzyna; Martinez Cortizas, Antonio; Massa, Charly; Mathijssen, Paul; Mauquoy, Dmitri; Mighall, Timothy; Mitchell, Fraser J. G.; Moss, Patrick; Nichols, Jonathan; Oksanen, Pirita O.; Orme, Lisa; Packalen, Maara S.; Robinson, Stephen; Roland, Thomas P.; Sanderson, Nicole K.; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Silva-Sanchez, Noemi; Steinberg, Natascha; Swindles, Graeme T.; Turner, T. Edward; Uglow, Joanna; Valiranta, Minna; van Bellen, Simon; van der Linden, Marjolein; van Geel, Bas; Wang, Guoping; Yu, Zicheng; Zaragoza-Castells, Joana; Zhao, YanEnglishThe carbon sink potential of peatlands depends on the balance of carbon uptake by plants and microbial decomposition. The rates of both these processes will increase with warming but it remains unclear which will dominate the global peatland response. Here we examine the global relationship between peatland carbon accumulation rates during the last millennium and planetary-scale climate space. A positive relationship is found between carbon accumulation and cumulative photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season for mid- to high-latitude peatlands in both hemispheres. However, this relationship reverses at lower latitudes, suggesting that carbon accumulation is lower under the warmest climate regimes. Projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios indicate that the present-day global sink will increase slightly until around AD 2100 but decline thereafter. Peatlands will remain a carbon sink in the future, but their response to warming switches from a negative to a positive climate feedback (decreased carbon sink with warming) at the end of the twenty-first century.[Gallego-Sala, Angela, V; Charman, Dan J.; Amesbury, Matthew J.; Carless, Donna; Cressey, Elizabeth; Orme, Lisa; Roland, Thomas P.; Sanderson, Nicole K.; Steinberg, Natascha; Uglow, Joanna; Zaragoza-Castells, Joana] Univ Exeter, Geog Dept, Exeter, Devon, England; [Brewer, Simon; Garneau, Michelle] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA; [Page, Susan E.] Univ Leicester, Sch Geog Geol & Environm, Leicester, Leics, England; [Prentice, I. Colin] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot, Berks, England; [Friedlingstein, Pierre; Githumbi, Esther] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Maths & Phys, Exeter, Devon, England; [Moreton, Steve] NERC Radiocarbon Facil, E Kilbride, Lanark, Scotland; [Beilman, David W.; Massa, Charly] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; [Bjorck, Svante; de Jong, Rixt; Kokfelt, Ulla] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, Lund, Sweden; [Blyakharchuk, Tatiana] RAS, IMCES, SB, Tomsk, Russia; [Bochicchio, Christopher; Booth, Robert K.; Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Bunbury, Joan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA; [Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; [Camill, Philip] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; [Chimner, Rodney A.; Hribjlan, John] Michigan Tech Univ, Sch Forest Res & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI USA; [Clifford, Michael] DRI, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Las Vegas, NV USA; [Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin; Marchant, Robert] Univ York, Environm Dept, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Archaeol & Ancient Hist, Uppsala, Sweden; [De Vleeschouwer, Francois; Le Roux, Gael] Univ Toulouse, EcoLab, UPS, INPT,CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France; [Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Marcisz, Katarzyna] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Dept Biogeog & Palaeoecol, Poznan, Poland; [Finkelstein, Sarah A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Magnan, Gabriel; van Bellen, Simon] Univ Quebec Montreal, GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Holmquist, James; MacDonald, Glen M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Los Angeles, CA USA; [Hughes, Paul D. M.] Univ Southampton, Inst Ecol Geog & Environm, Southampton, Hants, England; [Jones, Chris] Hadley Ctr, MET Off, Exeter, Devon, England; [Jones, Miriam C.] USGS, Reston, VA USA; [Karofeld, Edgar] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Klein, Eric S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Korhola, Atte; Mathijssen, Paul; Valiranta, Minna] Univ Helsinki, ECRU, Helsinki, Finland; [Lacourse, Terri] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lacourse, Terri] Univ Victoria, Ctr Forest Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Marcisz, Katarzyna] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Lab Wetland Ecol & Monitoring, Poznan, Poland; [Large, David] Univ Nottingham, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Nottingham, England; [Lavoie, Martin] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Lavoie, Martin] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Loisel, Julie] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA; [Mackay, Helen] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England; [Makila, Markku] Geol Survey Finland, Espoo, Finland; [Marcisz, Katarzyna] Univ Bern, Inst Plant Sci, Bern, Switzerland; [Marcisz, Katarzyna] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland; [Martinez Cortizas, Antonio; Silva-Sanchez, Noemi] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Edafol & Quim Agr, Santiago De Compostela, Spain; [Mauquoy, Dmitri; Mighall, Timothy] Univ Aberdeen, Geosci, Aberdeen, Scotland; [Mitchell, Fraser J. G.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin, Ireland; [Moss, Patrick] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; [Nichols, Jonathan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [Oksanen, Pirita O.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Orme, Lisa] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Tromso, Norway; [Packalen, Maara S.] Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Sci & Res Branch, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Robinson, Stephen] Champlain Coll, Dublin, Ireland; [Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Swindles, Graeme T.; Turner, T. Edward] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Turner, T. Edward] Forestry Commiss, Galloway Forest Dist, Newton Stewart, Scotland; [van der Linden, Marjolein] BIAX Consult, Zaandam, Netherlands; [van Geel, Bas] Univ Amsterdam, IBED, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Wang, Guoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Yu, Zicheng] Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Mire & Peat Res, Key Lab Wetland Ecol, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniversity of Exeter; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Leicester; Imperial College London; University of Exeter; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; Lund University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Lehigh University; University of Wisconsin System; Bowdoin College; Bowdoin College; Michigan Technological University; University of York - UK; Uppsala University; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Toronto; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Southampton; Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of Helsinki; University of Victoria; University of Victoria; Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Nottingham; Laval University; Laval University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Newcastle University - UK; Geological Survey of Finland (GTK); University of Bern; University of Bern; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; University of Aberdeen; Trinity College Dublin; University of Queensland; Columbia University; University of Lapland; Norwegian Polar Institute; Ministry of Natural Resources & Forestry; Stockholm University; University of Leeds; University of Amsterdam; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Northeast Institute of Geography & Agroecology, CAS; Northeast Normal University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CASGallego-Sala, AV; Charman, DJ (corresponding author), Univ Exeter, Geog Dept, Exeter, Devon, England.A.Gallego-Sala@exeter.ac.uk; D.J.Charman@exeter.ac.ukKarofeld, Edgar/H-3628-2018; Charman, Dan J/K-9303-2014; Gallego-Sala, Angela/G-8770-2012; Moss, Patrick/AFM-9408-2022; Swindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020; Mauquoy, Dmitri/AAF-1044-2019; Mathijssen, Paul/AAQ-4788-2021; Le Roux, Gael/K-1154-2012; Githumbi, Esther/ABH-8329-2020; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara/AAQ-6766-2020; Blyakharchuk, Tatiana/AAG-2559-2019; Roland, Thomas/B-4703-2013; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; Martínez-Cortizas, Antonio/M-6196-2015; Moreton, Steven G/C-2373-2009; Finkelstein, Sarah/K-8202-2012; van Bellen, Simon/AAK-9401-2021; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Lacourse, Terri/G-5647-2012; Zhao, Yan/B-1785-2014; Marcisz, Katarzyna/C-4021-2013Karofeld, Edgar/0000-0001-6533-8473; Charman, Dan J/0000-0003-3464-4536; Gallego-Sala, Angela/0000-0002-7483-7773; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Mathijssen, Paul/0000-0002-0288-3201; Le Roux, Gael/0000-0002-1579-0178; Githumbi, Esther/0000-0002-6470-8986; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Roland, Thomas/0000-0002-9237-1364; Jones, Chris/0000-0002-7141-9285; Martínez-Cortizas, Antonio/0000-0003-0430-5760; Moreton, Steven G/0000-0002-8030-2433; Finkelstein, Sarah/0000-0002-8239-399X; van Bellen, Simon/0000-0002-1698-8530; Friedlingstein, Pierre/0000-0003-3309-4739; Lacourse, Terri/0000-0002-7559-5374; Zhao, Yan/0000-0003-1693-9795; Marcisz, Katarzyna/0000-0003-2655-9729; Fialkiewicz-Koziel, Barbara/0000-0003-0369-985X; Chimner, Rodney/0000-0001-6515-851X; Korhola, Atte A./0000-0003-2577-6502; Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911; Holmquist, James/0000-0003-2546-6766; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Hughes, Paul/0000-0002-8447-382X; Sanderson, Nicole/0000-0002-2225-8446; Silva-Sanchez, Noemi/0000-0001-6355-7285; Garneau, Michelle/0000-0002-1956-9243; Prentice, Iain Colin/0000-0002-1296-6764; Moss, Patrick/0000-0003-1546-9242; Courtney Mustaphi, Colin/0000-0002-4439-2590; Orme, Lisa Claire/0000-0003-0210-9264Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I012915/1]; NERC Radiocarbon Allocation [1681.1012]; PAGES funding, as part of C-PEAT; Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; National Science Centre, Poland [2015/17/B/ST10/01656]; NERC [NE/I013776/1, NE/I012281/1, NE/I012915/1, NRCF010001] Funding Source: UKRINatural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC Radiocarbon Allocation(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); PAGES funding, as part of C-PEAT; Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; National Science Centre, Poland(National Science Centre, Poland); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))The work presented in this paper was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC standard grant number NE/I012915/1) to D.J.C., A.G.S., I.C.P., S.P. and P.F., supported by NERC Radiocarbon Allocation 1681.1012. The work and ideas in this paper have also been supported by PAGES funding, as part of C-PEAT. C.D.J. was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). This research is also a contribution to the AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts and the Imperial College initiative on Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment. This research was also supported by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland 2015/17/B/ST10/01656. We thank D. Vitt, J. Alm, I. E. Bauer, N. Rausch, V. Beaulieu-Audy, L. Tremblay, S. Pratte, A. Lamarre, D. Anderson and A. Ireland for contributing data to this compilation, S. Frolking for suggestions on different moisture indexes, and A. Whittle and F. Dearden for their work in the Exeter laboratories.37142143<180 Day Usage Count>16172NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.OCT2018810907+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0271-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0271-18Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesGV2NOGreen Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004459277000230 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001363
Modeling Global Riverine DOC Flux Dynamics From 1951 to 2015
ArticleJOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMSDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; SURFACE WATERS; COASTAL OCEAN; BOREAL; CLIMATE; MATTER; DIOXIDE; STREAM; TEMPERATURELi, MX; Peng, CH; Zhou, XL; Yang, YZ; Guo, YR; Shi, GH; Zhu, QALi, Mingxu; Peng, Changhui; Zhou, Xiaolu; Yang, Yanzheng; Guo, Yanrong; Shi, Guohua; Zhu, QiuanEnglishClimate change has a profound impact on the global carbon cycle, including effects on riverine carbon pools, which connect terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric carbon pools. Until now, terrestrial ecosystem models have rarely incorporated riverine carbon components into global carbon budgets. Here we developed a new process-based model, TRIPLEX-HYDRA (TRIPLEX-hydrological routing algorithm), that considers the production, consumption, and transport processes of nonanthropogenic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soil to river ecosystems. After the parameter calibration, model results explained more than 50% of temporal variations in all but three rivers. Validation results suggested that DOC yield simulated by TRIPLEX-HYDRA has a good fit (R-2= 0.61, n = 71, p < 0.001) with global river observations. And then, we applied this model for global rivers. We found that mean DOC yield of global river approximately 1.08 g C/m(2) year, where most high DOC yield appeared in the rivers from high northern or tropic regions. Furthermore, our results suggested that global riverine DOC flux appeared a significant decrease trend (average rate: 0.38 Pg C/year) from 1951 to 2015, although the variation patterns of DOC fluxes in global rivers are diverse. A decreasing trend in riverine DOC flux appeared in the middle and high northern latitude regions (30-90 degrees N), which could be attributable to an increased flow path and DOC degradation during the transport process. Furthermore, increasing trend of DOC fluxes is found in rivers from tropical regions (30 degrees S-30 degrees N), which might be related to an increase in terrestrial organic carbon input. Many other rivers (e.g., Mississippi, Yangtze, and Lena rivers) experienced no significant changes under a changing environment.[Li, Mingxu; Peng, Changhui; Zhou, Xiaolu; Yang, Yanzheng; Guo, Yanrong; Shi, Guohua; Zhu, Qiuan] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Ctr Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Xianyang, Peoples R China; [Peng, Changhui] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Yang, Yanzheng] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Key Lab Earth Syst Modelling, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Shi, Guohua] Hebei Agr Univ, Sch Business, Baoding, Peoples R ChinaNorthwest A&F University - China; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Tsinghua University; Hebei Agricultural UniversityPeng, CH; Zhu, QA (corresponding author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Ctr Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Xianyang, Peoples R China.;Peng, CH (corresponding author), Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.peng.changhui@uqam.ca; qiuan.zhu@gmail.comYang, Yanzheng/0000-0002-3299-0403; Li, Mingxu/0000-0002-8325-6997National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFC0500203, 2016YFC0501804]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571081]; QianRen Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discover GrantNational Key R&D Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); QianRen Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discover Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0500203, 2016YFC0501804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571081), QianRen Program, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discover Grant. We thank the two Editors from American Journal Experts (AJE) for critical language editing in previous version of manuscript. The riverine DOC flux data are available via https://zenodo.org/record/1236655#.WuUlZYgvw2w. Thanks also for the constructive comments by Ronny Lauerwald and another anonymous reviewer.992021<180 Day Usage Count>1564AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA1942-2466J ADV MODEL EARTH SYJ. Adv. Model. Earth Syst.FEB2019112514530
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001363http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018MS00136317Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHO6ESgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004610229000060 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0855-4
Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEOUTBURST FLOOD RISK; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER-STORAGE; BASIN; ICEFIELD; IMAGERY; HAZARD; MELTShugar, DH; Burr, A; Haritashya, UK; Kargel, JS; Watson, CS; Kennedy, MC; Bevington, AR; Betts, RA; Harrison, S; Strattman, KShugar, Dan H.; Burr, Aaron; Haritashya, Umesh K.; Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Watson, C. Scott; Kennedy, Maureen C.; Bevington, Alexandre R.; Betts, Richard A.; Harrison, Stephan; Strattman, KatherineEnglishGlacial lakes are rapidly growing in response to climate change and glacier retreat. The role of these lakes as terrestrial storage for glacial meltwater is currently unknown and not accounted for in global sea level assessments. Here, we map glacier lakes around the world using 254,795 satellite images and use scaling relations to estimate that global glacier lake volume increased by around 48%, to 156.5 km(3), between 1990 and 2018. This methodology provides a near-global database and analysis of glacial lake extent, volume and change. Over the study period, lake numbers and total area increased by 53 and 51%, respectively. Median lake size has increased 3%; however, the 95th percentile has increased by around 9%. Currently, glacial lakes hold about 0.43 mm of sea level equivalent. As glaciers continue to retreat and feed glacial lakes, the implications for glacial lake outburst floods and water resources are of considerable societal and ecological importance. Warming is increasing glacial lakes, and scaling relations show a 48% increase in volume for 1990 to 2018. All measures-area, volume, number-increased, providing water storage but also representing a potential hazard with the risk of outburst floods.[Shugar, Dan H.; Burr, Aaron; Kennedy, Maureen C.] Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA; [Haritashya, Umesh K.; Strattman, Katherine] Univ Dayton, Dept Geol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA; [Kargel, Jeffrey S.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA; [Watson, C. Scott] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, COMET, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Bevington, Alexandre R.] Govt British Columbia, British Columbia Minist Forests Lands Nat Resourc, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Betts, Richard A.] Univ Exeter, Global Syst Inst, Exeter, Devon, England; [Betts, Richard A.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England; [Harrison, Stephan] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Penryn, England; [Shugar, Dan H.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Water Sediment Hazards & Earth Surface Dynam Wate, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Strattman, Katherine] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USAUniversity of Washington; University of Washington Tacoma; University of Dayton; University of Leeds; University of Exeter; Met Office - UK; Hadley Centre; University of Exeter; University of Calgary; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama HuntsvilleShugar, DH (corresponding author), Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.;Shugar, DH (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Water Sediment Hazards & Earth Surface Dynam Wate, Calgary, AB, Canada.daniel.shugar@ucalgary.caBevington, Alexandre R/AAD-1233-2022Bevington, Alexandre R/0000-0002-9249-4444; Kennedy, Maureen/0000-0003-4670-3302; Haritashya, Umesh/0000-0001-9527-954X; Shugar, Dan/0000-0002-6279-8420; Watson, C. Scott./0000-0003-2656-961XNASA [NNX16AQ62G, 80NSSC19K0653]; NSERC [2020-04207, 2020-00066]; UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; NERC [come30001] Funding Source: UKRINASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Support for this work was provided by NASA (NNX16AQ62G and 80NSSC19K0653) to J.S.K., U.K.H. and D.H.S., and by NSERC (Discovery Grant 2020-04207 and Discovery Accelerator Supplement 2020-00066) to D.H.S. Without free access of the Landsat data archive, this and many other scientific efforts would not have been possible. We thank NASA and the USGS for their continued dedication to catalysing science. The work of R.A.B. forms part of the UK BEIS/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101).72144146<180 Day Usage Count>37130NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.OCT20201010939+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0855-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0855-42020-08-01 00:00:0021Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesNW0BAGreen AcceptedYN2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005645154000020 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04717
Riverine Export of Aged Carbon Driven by Flow Path Depth and Residence Time
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE; MATTER; FOREST; PARTICULATE; ANCIENT; MINERALIZATION; RADIOCARBON; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATEBarnes, RT; Butman, DE; Wilson, HF; Raymond, PABarnes, Rebecca T.; Butman, David E.; Wilson, Henry F.; Raymond, Peter A.EnglishThe flux of terrestrial C to rivers has increased relative to preindustrial levels, a fraction of which is aged dissolved organic C (DOC). In rivers, C is stored in sediments, exported to the ocean, or (bio)chemically processed and released as CO2. Disturbance changes land cover and hydrology, shifting potential sources arid processing of DOC. To investigate the likely sources of aged DOC, we analyzed radiocarbon ages, chemical, and spectral properties of DOC and major ions from 19 rivers draining the coterminous U.S. and Arctic. DOC optics indicated that the majority is exported as aromatic, high molecular weight, modern molecules while aged DOC tended to consist of smaller, microbial degradation products. Aged DOC exports, observed regularly in arid basins and during base flow in arctic rivers, are associated with higher proportion of mineral weathering products, suggesting deeper flows paths. These patterns also indicate potential for production of microbial byproducts as DOC ages in soil and water with longer periods of time between production and transport. Thus, changes in hydrology associated with landscape alteration (e.g., tilling or shifting climates) that can result in deeper flow paths or longer residence times will likely lead to a greater proportion of aged carbon in riverine exports.[Barnes, Rebecca T.] Colorado Coll, Environm Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA; [Butman, David E.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Wilson, Henry F.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon Res Ctr, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada; [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06115 USAColorado College; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; Yale UniversityBarnes, RT (corresponding author), Colorado Coll, Environm Program, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.rbarnes@coloradocollege.eduBarnes, Rebecca T/A-2659-2011; Butman, David/T-9380-2019; Liu, Yifan/S-6217-2017; Barnes, Rebecca T/U-9595-2019Barnes, Rebecca T/0000-0001-6385-1062; Barnes, Rebecca T/0000-0001-6385-1062; Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Butman, David/0000-0003-3520-7426; Wilson, Henry/0000-0002-6611-9501U.S. Geological Survey; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship [NNX07AN83h]; [NSF-1457794]; [NSF-1107774]U.S. Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship; ; We thank the numerous scientists associated with the Arctic PARTNERS/GRO and the USGS National Research Program and the research organizations who collected and analyzed these samples, in particular George Aiken and Kenna Butler for analyzing and processing the majority of the DOM samples presented in this paper. Funding includes NSF-1457794 to PAR, as well as funding for sample collection: NSF-1107774 for the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory samples, and the U.S. Geological Survey and a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX07AN83h) to DEB for the NASQAN samples.576161<180 Day Usage Count>776AMER CHEMICAL SOCWASHINGTON1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA0013-936X1520-5851ENVIRON SCI TECHNOLEnviron. Sci. Technol.FEB 6201852310281035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04717http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b047178Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFV8QP293136742023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004248517000120 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G46442.1
Preservation of organic carbon during active fluvial transport and particle abrasion
ArticleGEOLOGYOXIDATION; BURIAL; AMAZON; HIMALAYA; RHENIUM; MATTER; RIVERS; OCEAN; CYCLE; GANGAScheingross, JS; Hovius, N; Dellinger, M; Hilton, RG; Repasch, M; Sachse, D; Grocke, DR; Vieth-Hillebrand, A; Turowski, JMScheingross, Joel S.; Hovius, N.; Dellinger, M.; Hilton, R. G.; Repasch, M.; Sachse, D.; Grocke, D. R.; Vieth-Hillebrand, A.; Turowski, J. M.EnglishOxidation of particulate organic carbon (POC) during fluvial transit releases CO2 to the atmosphere and can influence global climate. Field data show large POC oxidation fluxes in lowland rivers; however, it is unclear if POC losses occur predominantly during in-river transport, where POC is in continual motion within an aerated environment, or during transient storage in floodplains, which may be anoxic. Determination of the locus of POC oxidation in lowland rivers is needed to develop process-based models to predict POC losses, constrain carbon budgets, and unravel links between climate and erosion. However, sediment exchange between rivers and floodplains makes differentiating POC oxidation during in-river transport from oxidation during floodplain storage difficult. Here, we isolated inriver POC oxidation using flume experiments transporting petrogenic and biospheric POC without floodplain storage. Our experiments showed solid phase POC losses of 0%-10% over similar to 10(3) km of fluvial transport, compared to similar to 7% to >50% losses observed in rivers over similar distances. The production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved rhenium (a proxy for petrogenic POC oxidation) was consistent with small POC lasses, and replicate experiments in static water tanks gave similar results. Our results show that fluvial sediment transport, particle abrasion, and turbulent mixing have a minimal role on POC oxidation, and they suggest that POC losses may accrue primarily in floodplain storage.[Scheingross, Joel S.; Hovius, N.; Repasch, M.; Sachse, D.; Vieth-Hillebrand, A.; Turowski, J. M.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Scheingross, Joel S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA; [Hovius, N.; Repasch, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; [Dellinger, M.; Hilton, R. G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England; [Grocke, D. R.] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, EnglandHelmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; University of Potsdam; Durham University; Durham UniversityScheingross, JS (corresponding author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.;Scheingross, JS (corresponding author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.jscheingross@unr.eduDellinger, Mathieu/AAK-9397-2021; Sachse, Dirk/D-3410-2012; Turowski, Jens Martin/A-6629-2009; Grocke, Darren R./F-4799-2015Dellinger, Mathieu/0000-0002-1770-4333; Sachse, Dirk/0000-0003-4207-0309; Turowski, Jens Martin/0000-0003-1558-0565; Repasch, Marisa/0000-0003-2636-9896; Grocke, Darren R./0000-0003-2296-7530; Scheingross, Joel/0000-0002-7220-8084Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship; European Research Council [678779]; Durham UniversityAlexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship(Alexander von Humboldt Foundation); European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Durham UniversityWe thank Ralf Kuhner, Annette Schmid-Rohl, and Kirsten Cook for assistance in sample collection, and Markus Reich for flume design. Johannes Glodny, Nina Golombek, Kristin Gunther, Hima Hassenruck-Gudipati, Petra Meier, Sylvia Pinkerneil, Birgit Plessen, Toni Schmidt, Martin West, and Carolin Zorn assisted with experiments, sample preparation, and measurements. Grain size and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry measurements were made at the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Sed Lab and Helmholtz Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface, respectively; Liane Benning facilitated surface area measurements. We thank Mark Torres and Maarten Lupker for discussion, and Brad Rosenheim and three anonymous reviewers for reviews. We acknowledge support from an Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship (Scheingross), a European Research Council Starting Grant (ERCStG, 678779, ROC-CO<INF>2</INF>, Hilton), and a COFUND Durham University Junior Research Fellowship (Dellinger).362121<180 Day Usage Count>447GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INCBOULDERPO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA0091-76131943-2682GEOLOGYGeologyOCT20194710958962
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G46442.1http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G46442.15GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyJA2UMGreen Submitted, Green Accepted2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004876740000200 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14303-w
Sea level rise risks and societal adaptation benefits in low-lying coastal areas
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSCLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LAND SUBSIDENCE; MEKONG DELTA; CORAL-REEFS; ATOLL; WATER; VULNERABILITY; PROTECTION; IMPACTSMagnan, AK; Oppenheimer, M; Garschagen, M; Buchanan, MK; Duvat, VKE; Forbes, DL; Ford, JD; Lambert, E; Petzold, J; Renaud, FG; Sebesvari, Z; van de Wal, RSW; Hinkel, J; Portner, HOMagnan, Alexandre K.; Oppenheimer, Michael; Garschagen, Matthias; Buchanan, Maya K.; Duvat, Virginie K. E.; Forbes, Donald L.; Ford, James D.; Lambert, Erwin; Petzold, Jan; Renaud, Fabrice G.; Sebesvari, Zita; van de Wal, Roderik S. W.; Hinkel, Jochen; Poertner, Hans-OttoEnglishSea level rise (SLR) will increase adaptation needs along low-lying coasts worldwide. Despite centuries of experience with coastal risk, knowledge about the effectiveness and feasibility of societal adaptation on the scale required in a warmer world remains limited. This paper contrasts end-century SLR risks under two warming and two adaptation scenarios, for four coastal settlement archetypes (Urban Atoll Islands, Arctic Communities, Large Tropical Agricultural Deltas, Resource-Rich Cities). We show that adaptation will be substantially beneficial to the continued habitability of most low-lying settlements over this century, at least until the RCP8.5 median SLR level is reached. However, diverse locations worldwide will experience adaptation limits over the course of this century, indicating situations where even ambitious adaptation cannot sufficiently offset a failure to effectively mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions.[Magnan, Alexandre K.] Inst Sustainable Dev & Int Relat IDDRI Sci Po, Paris, France; [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Oppenheimer, Michael] Princeton Univ, Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; [Garschagen, Matthias; Petzold, Jan] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen LMU, Dept Geog, Munich, Germany; [Buchanan, Maya K.] Nat Resources Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada; [Forbes, Donald L.] Climate Cent, Princeton, NJ USA; [Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Lambert, Erwin; van de Wal, Roderik S. W.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; [Lambert, Erwin] Royal Netherland Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands; [Petzold, Jan] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Hamburg, Germany; [Renaud, Fabrice G.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Interdisciplinary Studies, Dumfries, Scotland; [Sebesvari, Zita] United Nations Univ, Inst Environm & Human Secur, Bonn, Germany; [van de Wal, Roderik S. W.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Phys Geog, Utrecht, Netherlands; [Hinkel, Jochen] Global Climate Forum, Berlin, Germany; [Hinkel, Jochen] Humboldt Univ, Albrecht Daniel Thaer Inst, Berlin, Germany; [Hinkel, Jochen] Humboldt Univ, Berlin Workshop Inst Anal Social Ecol Syst WINS, Berlin, Germany; [Poertner, Hans-Otto] Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremen, GermanyPrinceton University; Princeton University; University of Munich; Bedford Institute of Oceanography; Natural Resources Canada; University of Leeds; Utrecht University; University of Hamburg; University of Glasgow; Utrecht University; Humboldt University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine ResearchMagnan, AK (corresponding author), Inst Sustainable Dev & Int Relat IDDRI Sci Po, Paris, France.;Magnan, AK (corresponding author), CNRS, LIENSs Lab UMR7266, La Rochelle, France.;Magnan, AK (corresponding author), Univ La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France.alexandre.magnan@iddri.orgLambert, Erwin/AAJ-6730-2020; Ford, James/A-4284-2013; Magnan, Alexandre/I-3377-2017Lambert, Erwin/0000-0001-7537-6385; Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Magnan, Alexandre/0000-0001-7421-5184; Oppenheimer, Michael/0000-0002-9708-5914French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-LABX-14-01]; European Union [776479]; European Union (EU); Dutch Research Council (NWO) [690462]; ANR [690462, ANR-15-CE03-0003]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01LS1703A]; BMBF [01LS1711C]; National Environment Research Council (UKRI GCRF NERC) [NE/S008926/1]; High Meadows Foundation; EUFrench National Research Agency (ANR)(French National Research Agency (ANR)); European Union(European Commission); European Union (EU)(CGIAREuropean Commission); Dutch Research Council (NWO)(Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)); ANR(French National Research Agency (ANR)); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); BMBF(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); National Environment Research Council (UKRI GCRF NERC); High Meadows Foundation; EU(European Commission)Investissements d'avenir programme supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR; Grant ANR-10-LABX-14-01; AKM); COACCH project supported by the European Union (Grant 776479; JH); INSeaPTION supported by the European Union (EU) & the Dutch Research Council (NWO, Grant 690462; EL, RSWW), the ANR (Grant 690462; VKED), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Grant 01LS1703A; JH); ISIPEDIA supported by the EU & BMBF (Grant 01LS1711C; JH); Living Deltas Hub supported by the National Environment Research Council (UKRI GCRF NERC; Grant NE/S008926/1; FGR); and STORISK supported by the ANR (ANR, Grant ANR-15-CE03-0003; AKM, VKED). MKB and MO thank the High Meadows Foundation for its generous support. DLF acknowledges this work as a contribution to Future Earth Coasts.12566<180 Day Usage Count>816NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepJUN 232022121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14303-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14303-w22Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics2L0RJ35739282Green Published, Green Accepted, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008167314001020 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22452-1
Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSMETHANE EMISSIONS; PRESENT STATE; CLIMATE; CARBON; VARIABILITY; FEEDBACKS; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE; DECADES; EXTENTChang, KY; Riley, WJ; Knox, SH; Jackson, RB; McNicol, G; Poulter, B; Aurela, M; Baldocchi, D; Bansal, S; Bohrer, G; Campbell, DI; Cescatti, A; Chu, HS; Delwiche, KB; Desai, AR; Euskirchen, E; Friborg, T; Goeckede, M; Helbig, M; Hemes, KS; Hirano, T; Iwata, H; Kang, M; Keenan, T; Krauss, KW; Lohila, A; Mammarella, I; Mitra, B; Miyata, A; Nilsson, MB; Noormets, A; Oechel, WC; Papale, D; Peichl, M; Reba, ML; Rinne, J; Runkle, BRK; Ryu, Y; Sachs, T; Schafer, KVR; Schmid, HP; Shurpali, N; Sonnentag, O; Tang, ACI; Torn, MS; Trotta, C; Tuittila, ES; Ueyama, M; Vargas, R; Vesala, T; Windham-Myers, L; Zhang, Z; Zona, DChang, Kuang-Yu; Riley, William J.; Knox, Sara H.; Jackson, Robert B.; McNicol, Gavin; Poulter, Benjamin; Aurela, Mika; Baldocchi, Dennis; Bansal, Sheel; Bohrer, Gil; Campbell, David, I; Cescatti, Alessandro; Chu, Housen; Delwiche, Kyle B.; Desai, Ankur R.; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Friborg, Thomas; Goeckede, Mathias; Helbig, Manuel; Hemes, Kyle S.; Hirano, Takashi; Iwata, Hiroki; Kang, Minseok; Keenan, Trevor; Krauss, Ken W.; Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Mitra, Bhaskar; Miyata, Akira; Nilsson, Mats B.; Noormets, Asko; Oechel, Walter C.; Papale, Dario; Peichl, Matthias; Reba, Michele L.; Rinne, Janne; Runkle, Benjamin R. K.; Ryu, Youngryel; Sachs, Torsten; Schaefer, Karina V. R.; Schmid, Hans Peter; Shurpali, Narasinha; Sonnentag, Oliver; Tang, Angela C., I; Torn, Margaret S.; Trotta, Carlo; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Ueyama, Masahito; Vargas, Rodrigo; Vesala, Timo; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie; Zhang, Zhen; Zona, DonatellaEnglishWetland methane (CH4) emissions (FCH4) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, FCH4 projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent FCH4 temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that FCH4 are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between FCH4 and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between FCH4 and temperature, suggesting larger FCH4 sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments. Wetland methane emissions contribute to global warming, and are oversimplified in climate models. Here the authors use eddy covariance measurements from 48 global sites to demonstrate seasonal hysteresis in methane-temperature relationships and suggest the importance of microbial processes.[Chang, Kuang-Yu; Riley, William J.; Chu, Housen; Keenan, Trevor; Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Knox, Sara H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Jackson, Robert B.; McNicol, Gavin; Delwiche, Kyle B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA USA; [Poulter, Benjamin] NASA, Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA; [Aurela, Mika; Lohila, Annalea] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Baldocchi, Dennis; Keenan, Trevor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA; [Bansal, Sheel] US Geol Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA; [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Campbell, David, I] Univ Waikato, Sch Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand; [Cescatti, Alessandro] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr JRC, Ispra, Italy; [Desai, Ankur R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Friborg, Thomas] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen K, Denmark; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Helbig, Manuel] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Helbig, Manuel; Sonnentag, Oliver] Ctr Etud Nordiques, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Hemes, Kyle S.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Hirano, Takashi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Iwata, Hiroki] Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan; [Kang, Minseok] Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol, Seoul, South Korea; [Krauss, Ken W.] US Geol Survey, Wetland & Aquat Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA; [Lohila, Annalea; Mammarella, Ivan; Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmosphere & Earth Syst Res Phys, Helsinki, Finland; [Mitra, Bhaskar] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecol & Conservat Biol, College Stn, TX USA; [Miyata, Akira] Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; [Nilsson, Mats B.; Peichl, Matthias] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Umea, Sweden; [Noormets, Asko] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX USA; [Oechel, Walter C.; Zona, Donatella] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; [Papale, Dario; Trotta, Carlo] Univ Tuscia, Largo Univ, DIBAF, Viterbo, Italy; [Reba, Michele L.] ARS, USDA, Delta Water Management Res Serv, Jonesboro, AR USA; [Rinne, Janne] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Runkle, Benjamin R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA; [Ryu, Youngryel] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul, South Korea; [Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Schaefer, Karina V. R.] Rutgers Univ Newark, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ USA; [Schmid, Hans Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol KIT, Inst Meteorol & Climatol Atmospher Environm Res I, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany; [Shurpali, Narasinha] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Prod Syst, Maaninka, Finland; [Tang, Angela C., I] Sarawak Trop Peat Res Inst, Sarawak, Malaysia; [Trotta, Carlo] CMCC IAFES, Euro Mediterranean Ctr Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Joensuu, Finland; [Ueyama, Masahito] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Osaka, Japan; [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA; [Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Fac Agr & Forestry, Inst Atmosphere & Earth Syst Res, Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Water Mission Area, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA; [Zhang, Zhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Zona, Donatella] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, EnglandUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Stanford University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Finnish Meteorological Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Waikato; European Commission Joint Research Centre; EC JRC ISPRA Site; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Copenhagen; Max Planck Society; McMaster University; Laval University; Stanford University; Hokkaido University; Shinshu University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Helsinki; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Agriculture & Food Research Organization - Japan; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; California State University System; San Diego State University; Tuscia University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Lund University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Seoul National University (SNU); Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences; Rutgers State University Newark; Helmholtz Association; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC); University of Eastern Finland; Osaka Metropolitan University; University of Delaware; University of Helsinki; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of SheffieldChang, KY; Riley, WJ (corresponding author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.ckychang@lbl.gov; wjriley@lbl.govVargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; Chu, Housen/Q-6517-2016; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Chang, Kuang-Yu/B-8786-2019; Zona, Donatella/S-5546-2019; Desai, Ankur R/A-5899-2008; Hirano, Takashi/A-4557-2012; Poulter, Ben/ABB-5886-2021; Torn, Margaret S/D-2305-2015; Ryu, Youngryel/GZM-4149-2022; Mammarella, Ivan/E-7782-2016; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021; Schmid, Hans Peter E/I-1224-2012; Iwata, Hiroki/B-7679-2008; Torn, Margaret/CAF-8960-2022; Runkle, B. R. K./AAC-3404-2020; Keenan, Trevor F./B-2744-2010; Mitra, Bhaskar/AAU-8438-2021; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Ryu, Youngryel/AAH-8953-2020; Runkle, B. R. K./ABG-5884-2021; Papale, Dario/W-7302-2019; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Rinne, Janne/A-6302-2008; Friborg, Thomas/E-5433-2015; McNicol, Gavin/O-5632-2015Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Chu, Housen/0000-0002-8131-4938; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Chang, Kuang-Yu/0000-0002-7859-5871; Zona, Donatella/0000-0002-0003-4839; Desai, Ankur R/0000-0002-5226-6041; Poulter, Ben/0000-0002-9493-8600; Torn, Margaret S/0000-0002-8174-0099; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Mammarella, Ivan/0000-0002-8516-3356; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Schmid, Hans Peter E/0000-0001-9076-4466; Torn, Margaret/0000-0002-8174-0099; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Keenan, Trevor F./0000-0002-3347-0258; Mitra, Bhaskar/0000-0002-6617-0884; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Ryu, Youngryel/0000-0001-6238-2479; Runkle, B. R. K./0000-0002-2583-1199; Papale, Dario/0000-0001-5170-8648; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Rinne, Janne/0000-0003-1168-7138; Helbig, Manuel/0000-0003-1996-8639; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; Friborg, Thomas/0000-0001-5633-6097; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; McNicol, Gavin/0000-0002-6655-8045RUBISCO SFA of the Regional and Global Modeling Analysis (RGMA) program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Advancing Understanding of the Global Methane Cycle [GBMF5439]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0021067]; ODNR [N18B 315-11]; OWDA [7880]; Swedish Research Council (ICOS-SE) [2015-06020]; NSF [1752083, OPP 1204263, 1702797, 0845166]; RUBISCO SFA; DOE Early Career Research Program [DE-SC0021023]; NASA ABOVE [NNX16AF94A]; EU H2020 INTAROS [629727890]; NERC UAMS [NE/P002552/1]; NOAA CESSRST [NA16SEC4810008]; Academy of Finland [296887, 287039, 330840]; LandCarbon Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award; JSPS KAKENHI [20K21849]; Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) [JPMXD1420318865]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2018 R1C1B6002917]; E-SHAPE EU H2020 project [GA 820852]; DIBAF-Landscape 4.0 Departments of Excellence-2018 Program of the Italian Ministry of Research; NASA [905081, NNX16AF94A] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20K21849] Funding Source: KAKEN; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P003028/1, NE/P002552/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/P002552/1, NE/P003028/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Academy of Finland (AKA) [296887] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)RUBISCO SFA of the Regional and Global Modeling Analysis (RGMA) program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Advancing Understanding of the Global Methane Cycle; U.S. Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); ODNR; OWDA; Swedish Research Council (ICOS-SE)(Swedish Research Council); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); RUBISCO SFA; DOE Early Career Research Program(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); NASA ABOVE; EU H2020 INTAROS; NERC UAMS; NOAA CESSRST; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); LandCarbon Program of the U.S. Geological Survey; DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); JSPS KAKENHI(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II); National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); E-SHAPE EU H2020 project; DIBAF-Landscape 4.0 Departments of Excellence-2018 Program of the Italian Ministry of Research; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This research was supported by the RUBISCO SFA of the Regional and Global Modeling Analysis (RGMA) program in the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also conducted as a part of the Wetland FLUXNET Synthesis for Methane Working Group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis of the U.S. Geological Survey. Funding for AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science. The compilation of the FLUXNET-CH4 data is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF5439 Advancing Understanding of the Global Methane Cycle to Stanford University supporting the Methane Budget activity for the Global Carbon Project (globalcarbonproject. org). Observations at US-OWC were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0021067), ODNR (Subaward N18B 315-11), and OWDA (7880). SE-Deg and SE-Sto have received funding from Swedish Research Council (ICOS-SE, grant no. 2015-06020). B.R.K.R. was supported by NSF Award 1752083. T.F.K. acknowledges support from the RUBISCO SFA, and additional support from a DOE Early Career Research Program award #DE-SC0021023. W.O. and D.Z. acknowledge support from NASA ABOVE NNX16AF94A, NSF OPP 1204263 and 1702797, EU H2020 INTAROS 629727890, and NERC UAMS NE/P002552/1. W.O. was supported by NOAA CESSRST NA16SEC4810008. N.J.S. acknowledges funding from Academy of Finland through Grant 296887. L.W.M. was supported by the LandCarbon Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. A.R.D. acknowledges DOE Ameriflux Network Management Project award to ChEAS core site cluster and NSF 0845166 for US-Los. M.U. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (20K21849) and the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865). E.S.T. acknowledges Academy of Finland (project codes 287039 and 330840). M.K. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2018 R1C1B6002917). C.T. thanks to the support of the E-SHAPE EU H2020 project (GA 820852). D.P. thanks the support of the DIBAF-Landscape 4.0 Departments of Excellence-2018 Program of the Italian Ministry of Research. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We acknowledge the FLUXNET-CH4 contributors for the data provided in our analyses.551919<180 Day Usage Count>2494NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.APR 152021121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22452-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22452-110Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsRP6QI33859182Green Published, gold2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0006418508000150 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1848-1
The past and future of global river ice
ArticleNATUREHISTORICAL TRENDS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; BREAKUP; MODIS; WATER; LAKE; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; COVER; CLOUDYang, X; Pavelsky, TM; Allen, GHYang, Xiao; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.; Allen, George H.EnglishMore than one-third of Earth's landmass is drained by rivers that seasonally freeze over. Ice transforms the hydrologic(1,2), ecologic(3,4), climatic(5) and socio-economic(6-8) functions of river corridors. Although river ice extent has been shown to be declining in many regions of the world(1), the seasonality, historical change and predicted future changes in river ice extent and duration have not yet been quantified globally. Previous studies of river ice, which suggested that declines in extent and duration could be attributed to warming temperatures(9,10), were based on data from sparse locations. Furthermore, existing projections of future ice extent are based solely on the location of the 0-degrees C isotherm11. Here, using satellite observations, we show that the global extent of river ice is declining, and we project a mean decrease in seasonal ice duration of 6.10 +/- 0.08 days per 1-degrees C increase in global mean surface air temperature. We tracked the extent of river ice using over 400,000 clear-sky Landsat images spanning 1984-2018 and observed a mean decline of 2.5 percentage points globally in the past three decades. To project future changes in river ice extent, we developed an observationally calibrated and validated model, based on temperature and season, which reduced the mean bias by 87 per cent compared with the 0-degree-Celsius isotherm approach. We applied this model to future climate projections for 2080-2100: compared with 2009-2029, the average river ice duration declines by 16.7 days under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, whereas under RCP 4.5 it declines on average by 7.3 days. Our results show that, globally, river ice is measurably declining and will continue to decline linearly with projected increases in surface air temperature towards the end of this century.[Yang, Xiao; Pavelsky, Tamlin M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA; [Allen, George H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USAUniversity of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College StationYang, X (corresponding author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.yangxiao@live.unc.eduAllen, George H./AAG-9397-2019; Yang, Xiao/ABE-3793-2020Allen, George H./0000-0001-8301-5301; Yang, Xiao/0000-0002-0046-832XSWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion LaboratorySWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion LaboratoryFunding was provided to T.M.P. by a subcontract from the SWOT Project Office at the NASA/Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We thank S. Lindsey at the Alaska-Pacific River Forecast Center for providing us with the NWS Alaska river break-up and freeze-up records, and W. Dolan for help with geolocating Alaskan river ice records.347073<180 Day Usage Count>1294NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureJAN 22020577778869+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1848-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1848-119Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsKA2HC31894147Green SubmittedYN2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005056174000280 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12783
Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome
ArticleGLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHYcluster analysis; community composition; ecosystem function; plant functional groups; plant functional types; plant traits; tundra biome; vegetation changeLITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; LEAF TRAITS; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; CARBON; TERM; NUTRIENT; ECOLOGYThomas, HJD; Myers-Smith, IH; Bjorkman, AD; Elmendorf, SC; Blok, D; Cornelissen, JHC; Forbes, BC; Hollister, RD; Normand, S; Prevey, JS; Rixen, C; Schaepman-Strub, G; Wilmking, M; Wipf, S; Cornwell, WK; Kattge, J; Goetz, SJ; Guay, KC; Alatalo, JM; Anadon-Rosell, A; Angers-Blondin, S; Berner, LT; Bjork, RG; Buchwal, A; Buras, A; Carbognani, M; Christie, K; Collier, LS; Cooper, EJ; Eskelinen, A; Frei, ER; Grau, O; Grogan, P; Hallinger, M; Heijmans, MMPD; Hermanutz, L; Hudson, JMG; Hulber, K; Iturrate-Garcia, M; Iversen, CM; Jaroszynska, F; Johnstone, JF; Kaarlejarvi, E; Kulonen, A; Lamarque, LJ; Levesque, E; Little, CJ; Michelsen, A; Milbau, A; Nabe-Nielsen, J; Nielsen, SS; Ninot, JM; Oberbauer, SF; Olofsson, J; Onipchenko, VG; Petraglia, A; Rumpf, SB; Semenchuk, PR; Soudzilovskaia, NA; Spasojevic, MJ; Speed, JDM; Tape, KD; te Beest, M; Tomaselli, M; Trant, A; Treier, UA; Venn, S; Vowles, T; Weijers, S; Zamin, T; Atkin, OK; Bahn, M; Blonder, B; Campetella, G; Cerabolini, BEL; Chapin, FS; Dainese, M; de Vries, FT; Diaz, S; Green, W; Jackson, RB; Manning, P; Niinemets, U; Ozinga, WA; Penuelas, J; Reich, PB; Schamp, B; Sheremetev, S; van Bodegom, PMThomas, H. J. D.; Myers-Smith, I. H.; Bjorkman, A. D.; Elmendorf, S. C.; Blok, D.; Cornelissen, J. H. C.; Forbes, B. C.; Hollister, R. D.; Normand, S.; Prevey, J. S.; Rixen, C.; Schaepman-Strub, G.; Wilmking, M.; Wipf, S.; Cornwell, W. K.; Kattge, J.; Goetz, S. J.; Guay, K. C.; Alatalo, J. M.; Anadon-Rosell, A.; Angers-Blondin, S.; Berner, L. T.; Bjork, R. G.; Buchwal, A.; Buras, A.; Carbognani, M.; Christie, K.; Collier, L. Siegwart; Cooper, E. J.; Eskelinen, A.; Frei, E. R.; Grau, O.; Grogan, P.; Hallinger, M.; Heijmans, M. M. P. D.; Hermanutz, L.; Hudson, J. M. G.; Huelber, K.; Iturrate-Garcia, M.; Iversen, C. M.; Jaroszynska, F.; Johnstone, J. F.; Kaarlejarvi, E.; Kulonen, A.; Lamarque, L. J.; Levesque, E.; Little, C. J.; Michelsen, A.; Milbau, A.; Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Nielsen, S. S.; Ninot, J. M.; Oberbauer, S. F.; Olofsson, J.; Onipchenko, V. G.; Petraglia, A.; Rumpf, S. B.; Semenchuk, P. R.; Soudzilovskaia, N. A.; Spasojevic, M. J.; Speed, J. D. M.; Tape, K. D.; te Beest, M.; Tomaselli, M.; Trant, A.; Treier, U. A.; Venn, S.; Vowles, T.; Weijers, S.; Zamin, T.; Atkin, O. K.; Bahn, M.; Blonder, B.; Campetella, G.; Cerabolini, B. E. L.; Chapin, F. S., III; Dainese, M.; de Vries, F. T.; Diaz, S.; Green, W.; Jackson, R. B.; Manning, P.; Niinemets, U.; Ozinga, W. A.; Penuelas, J.; Reich, P. B.; Schamp, B.; Sheremetev, S.; van Bodegom, P. M.EnglishAim Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location Tundra biome. Time period Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.[Thomas, H. J. D.; Myers-Smith, I. H.; Bjorkman, A. D.; Angers-Blondin, S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Crew Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Bjorkman, A. D.; Normand, S.; Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Nielsen, S. S.; Treier, U. A.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ecoinformat & Biodivers, Aarhus, Denmark; [Bjorkman, A. D.; Manning, P.] Senckenberg Gesell Naturforschung, Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr SBiK F, Frankfurt, Germany; [Elmendorf, S. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Blok, D.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden; [Cornelissen, J. H. C.] Vrije Univ, Dept Ecol Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Forbes, B. C.] Univ Lapland, Arct Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Hollister, R. D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Biol Dept, Allendale, MI 49401 USA; [Prevey, J. S.; Rixen, C.; Wipf, S.; Kulonen, A.] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland; [Schaepman-Strub, G.; Iturrate-Garcia, M.; Little, C. J.] Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland; [Wilmking, M.; Anadon-Rosell, A.] Greifswald Univ, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Greifswald, Germany; [Cornwell, W. K.] Univ New South Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Kattge, J.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Kattge, J.; Eskelinen, A.] German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv, Halle Jena Leipzig, Germany; [Goetz, S. J.; Berner, L. T.] Northen Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Guay, K. C.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay, ME USA; [Alatalo, J. M.] Qatar Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Doha, Qatar; [Anadon-Rosell, A.; Ninot, J. M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Evolutionary Biol Ecol & Environm Sci, Barcelona, Spain; [Anadon-Rosell, A.; Ninot, J. M.] Univ Barcelona, Biodivers Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain; [Bjork, R. G.; Vowles, T.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Bjork, R. G.] Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Buchwal, A.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Geoecol & Geoinformat, Poznan, Poland; [Buchwal, A.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Buras, A.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Forest Ecol & Forest Management, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Carbognani, M.; Petraglia, A.; Tomaselli, M.] Univ Parma, Dept Chem Life Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Parma, Italy; [Christie, K.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK USA; [Collier, L. Siegwart; Hermanutz, L.; Trant, A.] Mem Univ, Dept Biol, St John, NF, Canada; [Cooper, E. J.; Semenchuk, P. R.] UiT Arct Univ Norway, Dept Arct & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Eskelinen, A.] UFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Physiol Div, Leipzig, Germany; [Eskelinen, A.] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu, Finland; [Frei, E. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Grau, O.; Penuelas, J.] UAB UB, CSIC, CREAF, Global Ecol Unit, Bellaterra, Spain; [Grogan, P.; Zamin, T.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Hallinger, M.] Swedish Agr Univ SLU, Biol Dept, Uppsala, Sweden; [Heijmans, M. M. P. D.; Ozinga, W. A.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Hudson, J. M. G.] British Columbia Publ Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Huelber, K.; Rumpf, S. B.; Semenchuk, P. R.] Univ Vienna, Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Vienna, Austria; [Iversen, C. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Iversen, C. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Jaroszynska, F.; Kulonen, A.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway; [Johnstone, J. F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Kaarlejarvi, E.; Olofsson, J.; te Beest, M.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden; [Kaarlejarvi, E.] VUB, Dept Biol, Brussels, Belgium; [Kaarlejarvi, E.] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Lamarque, L. J.; Levesque, E.] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Sci Environm, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Lamarque, L. J.; Levesque, E.] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Ctr Etudes Nord, Trois Rivieres, PQ, Canada; [Little, C. J.] Eawag Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland; [Michelsen, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Michelsen, A.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Milbau, A.] Res Inst Nat & Forest INBO, Brussels, Belgium; [Oberbauer, S. F.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Onipchenko, V. G.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Dept Geobot, Moscow, Russia; [Soudzilovskaia, N. A.; van Bodegom, P. M.] Leiden Univ, CML, Dept Inst Environm Sci, Environm Biol, Leiden, Netherlands; [Spasojevic, M. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Speed, J. D. M.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Trondheim, Norway; [Tape, K. D.] Univ Alaska, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA; [te Beest, M.] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Environm Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands; [Trant, A.] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Venn, S.; Atkin, O. K.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Acton, ACT, Australia; [Venn, S.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Burwood, Vic, Australia; [Weijers, S.] Univ Bonn, Dept Geog, Bonn, Germany; [Bahn, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Dept Ecol, Innsbruck, Austria; [Blonder, B.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England; [Blonder, B.] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO USA; [Campetella, G.] Univ Camerino, Sch Biosci & Vet Med, Plant Divers & Ecosyst Management Unit, Camerino, Italy; [Cerabolini, B. E. L.] Univ Insubria, DiSTA, Varese, Italy; [Chapin, F. S., III] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Dainese, M.] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Anim Ecol & Trop Biol, Wurzburg, Germany; [de Vries, F. T.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Diaz, S.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal IMBIV, Cordoba, Argentina; [Diaz, S.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, FCEFyN, Cordoba, Argentina; [Green, W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; [Jackson, R. B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Niinemets, U.] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Penuelas, J.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain; [Reich, P. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; [Reich, P. B.] Western Sydney Univ, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW, Australia; [Schamp, B.] Algoma Univ, Dept Biol, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Sheremetev, S.] Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg, RussiaUniversity of Edinburgh; Aarhus University; Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung (SGN); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Lund University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Lapland; Grand Valley State University; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Zurich; University of New South Wales Sydney; Max Planck Society; Northern Arizona University; Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; Qatar University; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Wageningen University & Research; University of Parma; Alaska Department of Fish & Game; Memorial University Newfoundland; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ); University of Oulu; University of British Columbia; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Queens University - Canada; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Wageningen University & Research; University of Vienna; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Bergen; University of Saskatchewan; Umea University; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; University of Helsinki; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; Research Institute for Nature & Forest; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; University of California System; University of California Riverside; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Utrecht University; University of Waterloo; Australian National University; Deakin University; University of Bonn; University of Innsbruck; University of Oxford; University of Camerino; University of Insubria; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Wurzburg; University of Manchester; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); National University of Cordoba; National University of Cordoba; Harvard University; Stanford University; Estonian University of Life Sciences; Centro de Investigacion Ecologica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF); University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Western Sydney University; Algoma University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesThomas, HJD (corresponding author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Crew Bldg, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland.haydn.thomas@ed.ac.ukManning, Peter/I-6523-2012; Wipf, Sonja/A-5075-2010; Diaz, Sandra/Q-9804-2018; Bahn, Michael/I-3536-2013; Speed, James D. M./C-1099-2009; Onipchenko, Vladimir G./V-4244-2018; Alatalo, Juha/C-1269-2018; Buras, Allan/B-1412-2012; Milbau, Ann/AAF-3022-2020; Thomas, Haydn J.D./H-8059-2019; Atkin, Owen K/C-8415-2009; Normand, Signe/A-1561-2012; Kattge, Jens/J-8283-2016; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/D-8785-2011; Rumpf, Sabine/AAF-8795-2019; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/A-5891-2010; Niinemets, Ülo/A-3816-2008; Chapin, F Stuart/AAZ-3931-2020; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/AAA-5464-2020; Iversen, Colleen M/B-8983-2012; Ozinga, Wim A./F-1640-2011; Díaz, Sandra/ABE-7349-2020; Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone/N-6934-2014; Carbognani, Michele/H-6644-2019; Oriol, Grau/Y-7075-2019; Grau, Oriol/AAD-1582-2022; Weijers, Stef/T-8944-2019; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/GLR-2455-2022; SPASOJEVIC, MARKO/AAO-4307-2020; Johnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009; Jaroszynska, Francesca/AAQ-7725-2020; Buchwal, Agata/F-5516-2013; Ninot, Josep M/H-3592-2015; Forbes, Bruce C./L-4431-2013; Dainese, Matteo/M-1472-2017; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Atkin, Owen/O-2671-2019; Bjorkman, Anne D./H-2211-2016; de Vries, Franciska T/D-3041-2009; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Björk, Robert/I-9772-2019; Little, Chelsea J./H-8676-2019; Normand, Signe/AAA-4769-2022; de Vries, Franciska/AAD-5760-2021; Blok, Daan/E-1649-2011; Petraglia, Alessandro/G-3474-2017; Treier, Urs/A-1913-2012; Michelsen, Anders/L-5279-2014; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013; van Bodegom, Peter/N-8150-2015Manning, Peter/0000-0002-7940-2023; Wipf, Sonja/0000-0002-3492-1399; Bahn, Michael/0000-0001-7482-9776; Speed, James D. M./0000-0002-0633-5595; Onipchenko, Vladimir G./0000-0002-1626-1171; Alatalo, Juha/0000-0001-5084-850X; Thomas, Haydn J.D./0000-0001-9099-6304; Atkin, Owen K/0000-0003-1041-5202; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; Kattge, Jens/0000-0002-1022-8469; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela/0000-0002-4069-1884; Rumpf, Sabine/0000-0001-5909-9568; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob/0000-0002-0716-9525; Niinemets, Ülo/0000-0002-3078-2192; Chapin, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/0000-0002-9447-7795; Iversen, Colleen M/0000-0001-8293-3450; Ozinga, Wim A./0000-0002-6369-7859; Díaz, Sandra/0000-0003-0012-4612; Cerabolini, Bruno Enrico Leone/0000-0002-3793-0733; Carbognani, Michele/0000-0001-7701-9859; Oriol, Grau/0000-0002-3816-9499; Weijers, Stef/0000-0003-3386-5417; Anadon-Rosell, Alba/0000-0002-9447-7795; SPASOJEVIC, MARKO/0000-0003-1808-0048; Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339; Jaroszynska, Francesca/0000-0002-2399-4146; Buchwal, Agata/0000-0001-6879-6656; Forbes, Bruce C./0000-0002-4593-5083; Dainese, Matteo/0000-0001-7052-5572; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Atkin, Owen/0000-0003-1041-5202; Bjorkman, Anne D./0000-0003-2174-7800; de Vries, Franciska T/0000-0002-6822-8883; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Björk, Robert/0000-0001-7346-666X; Little, Chelsea J./0000-0003-2803-7465; Normand, Signe/0000-0002-8782-4154; de Vries, Franciska/0000-0002-6822-8883; Buras, Allan/0000-0003-2179-0681; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; Blok, Daan/0000-0003-2703-9303; Milbau, Ann/0000-0003-3555-8883; Wilmking, Martin/0000-0003-4964-2402; Semenchuk, Philipp/0000-0002-1949-6427; Vowles, Tage/0000-0002-9049-2146; Frei, Esther R./0000-0003-1910-7900; Hollister, Robert/0000-0002-4764-7691; Heijmans, Monique/0000-0003-2266-3596; Petraglia, Alessandro/0000-0003-4632-2251; Levesque, Esther/0000-0002-1119-6032; Treier, Urs/0000-0003-4027-739X; Venn, Susanna/0000-0002-7433-0120; Ninot, Josep M./0000-0002-3712-0810; Michelsen, Anders/0000-0002-9541-8658; Campetella, Giandiego/0000-0001-6126-522X; Kaarlejarvi, Elina/0000-0003-0014-0073; Cornwell, Will/0000-0003-4080-4073; te Beest, Mariska/0000-0003-3673-4105; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112; Hulber, Karl/0000-0001-9274-1647; van Bodegom, Peter/0000-0003-0771-4500; ELMENDORF, SARAH/0000-0003-1085-8521Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1, NE/L002558/1]; Academy of Finland [256991]; ArcticNet; Arctic Research Centre; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Carlsberg Foundation [2013-01-0825]; Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF 4181-00565]; European Research Council [ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P]; Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig [DFG FZT 118]; JPI Climate [291581]; Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions [INCA 600398]; Montagna di Torricchio Nature Reserve; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US National Science Foundation [DEB-1637686, DEB-1234162, DEB-1242531]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Russian Science Foundation [14-50-000290]; Swedish Research Council [2015-00465 015-00498]; Swiss National Science Foundation; University of Zurich; U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Environment Research Council [1523208] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/M016323/1] Funding Source: UKRINatural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); ArcticNet; Arctic Research Centre; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)); Carlsberg Foundation(Carlsberg Foundation); Danish Council for Independent Research(Det Frie Forskningsrad (DFF)); European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; JPI Climate; Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions; Montagna di Torricchio Nature Reserve; National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); University of Zurich; U.S. Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))Natural Environment Research Council, Grant/Award Number: NE/M016323/1 and NE/L002558/1; Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: 256991; ArcticNet; The Arctic Research Centre; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Carlsberg Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 2013-01-0825; Danish Council for Independent Research, Grant/Award Number: DFF 4181-00565; European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-P; Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Grant/Award Number: DFG FZT 118; JPI Climate, Grant/Award Number: 291581; Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: INCA 600398; Montagna di Torricchio Nature Reserve; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; US National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DEB-1637686, DEB-1234162 and DEB-1242531; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Russian Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 14-50-000290; Swedish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 2015-00465 015-00498; Swiss National Science Foundation; University of Zurich; U.S. Department of Energy893232<180 Day Usage Count>22105WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1466-822X1466-8238GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGRGlob. Ecol. Biogeogr.JAN20192827895
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12783http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.1278318Ecology; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyHK3CJ31007605Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-14WOS:0004577899000020 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813305116
Widespread global peatland establishment and persistence over the last 130,000 y
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICApeatlands; carbon; methane; carbon burial; QuaternaryNORTHERN PEATLANDS; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; GLACIAL CYCLES; SYSTEM MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE; SOIL CARBON; CLIMATE; CO2; DYNAMICS; EXTENTTreat, CC; Kleinen, T; Broothaerts, N; Dalton, AS; Dommain, R; Douglas, TA; Drexler, JZ; Finkelstein, SA; Grosse, G; Hope, G; Hutchings, J; Jones, MC; Kuhry, P; Lacourse, T; Lahteenoja, O; Loisel, J; Notebaert, B; Payne, RJ; Peteet, DM; Sannel, ABK; Stelling, JM; Strauss, J; Swindles, GT; Talbot, J; Tarnocai, C; Verstraeten, G; Williams, CJ; Xia, ZY; Yu, ZC; Valiranta, M; Hattestrand, M; Alexanderson, H; Brovkin, VTreat, Claire C.; Kleinen, Thomas; Broothaerts, Nils; Dalton, April S.; Dommain, Rene; Douglas, Thomas A.; Drexler, Judith Z.; Finkelstein, Sarah A.; Grosse, Guido; Hope, Geoffrey; Hutchings, Jack; Jones, Miriam C.; Kuhry, Peter; Lacourse, Terri; Lahteenoja, Outi; Loisel, Julie; Notebaert, Bastiaan; Payne, Richard J.; Peteet, Dorothy M.; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Stelling, Jonathan M.; Strauss, Jens; Swindles, Graeme T.; Talbot, Julie; Tarnocai, Charles; Verstraeten, Gert; Williams, Christopher J.; Xia, Zhengyu; Yu, Zicheng; Valiranta, Minna; Hattestrand, Martina; Alexanderson, Helena; Brovkin, VictorEnglishGlacial-interglacial variations in CO2 and methane in polar ice cores have been attributed, in part, to changes in global wetland extent, but the wetland distribution before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ka to 18 ka) remains virtually unknown. We present a study of global peatland extent and carbon (C) stocks through the last glacial cycle (130 ka to present) using a newly compiled database of 1,063 detailed stratigraphic records of peat deposits buried by mineral sediments, as well as a global peatland model. Quantitative agreement between modeling and observations shows extensive peat accumulation before the LGM in northern latitudes (> 40 degrees N), particularly during warmer periods including the last interglacial (130 ka to 116 ka, MIS 5e) and the interstadial (57 ka to 29 ka, MIS 3). During cooling periods of glacial advance and permafrost formation, the burial of northern peatlands by glaciers and mineral sediments decreased active peatland extent, thickness, and modeled C stocks by 70 to 90% from warmer times. Tropical peatland extent and C stocks show little temporal variation throughout the study period. While the increased burial of northern peats was correlated with cooling periods, the burial of tropical peat was predominately driven by changes in sea level and regional hydrology. Peat burial by mineral sediments represents a mechanism for long-term terrestrial C storage in the Earth system. These results show that northern peatlands accumulate significant C stocks during warmer times, indicating their potential for C sequestration during the warming Anthropocene.[Treat, Claire C.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland; [Treat, Claire C.; Kleinen, Thomas; Brovkin, Victor] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Land Earth Syst, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Broothaerts, Nils; Notebaert, Bastiaan; Verstraeten, Gert] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Div Geog & Tourism, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; [Dalton, April S.; Finkelstein, Sarah A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada; [Dommain, Rene; Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany; [Dommain, Rene] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army, Biogeochem Sci Branch, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA; [Drexler, Judith Z.] US Geol Survey, Calif Water Sci Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA; [Grosse, Guido; Strauss, Jens] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Permafrost Res Sect, Dept Geosci, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Hope, Geoffrey] Australian Natl Univ, Coll Asia & Pacific, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; [Hutchings, Jack] Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geol & Paleoclimate Sci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA; [Kuhry, Peter; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Hattestrand, Martina] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Lacourse, Terri] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Lahteenoja, Outi] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; [Loisel, Julie] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Payne, Richard J.] Univ York, Environm & Geog, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England; [Payne, Richard J.] Penza State Univ, Dept Zool & Ecol, Penza 440026, Russia; [Peteet, Dorothy M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA; [Stelling, Jonathan M.; Xia, Zhengyu; Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Talbot, Julie] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Tarnocai, Charles] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; [Williams, Christopher J.] Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Earth Environm, Lancaster, PA 17603 USA; [Yu, Zicheng] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Inst Peat & Mire Res, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Valiranta, Minna] Univ Helsinki, Environm Change Res Unit, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; [Alexanderson, Helena] Lund Univ, Dept Geol, S-22362 Lund, SwedenUniversity of Eastern Finland; Max Planck Society; KU Leuven; University of Toronto; University of Potsdam; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Australian National University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Stockholm University; University of Victoria; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of York - UK; Penza State University; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Lehigh University; University of Leeds; Universite de Montreal; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; Franklin & Marshall College; Northeast Normal University - China; University of Helsinki; Lund UniversityTreat, CC (corresponding author), Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio 70211, Finland.;Treat, CC (corresponding author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Land Earth Syst, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.claire.treat@uef.fiFinkelstein, Sarah/K-8202-2012; Williams, Christopher/AAX-6843-2020; Xia, Zhengyu/GRS-7101-2022; Strauss, Jens/P-6544-2014; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Swindles, Graeme/AAU-4321-2020; Talbot, Julie/W-3931-2019; Hope, Geoffrey/O-2757-2019; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Verstraeten, Gert/K-3305-2012; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Lacourse, Terri/G-5647-2012; Kleinen, Thomas/G-5666-2018Finkelstein, Sarah/0000-0002-8239-399X; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Talbot, Julie/0000-0002-1417-2327; Hope, Geoffrey/0000-0001-8366-0677; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Verstraeten, Gert/0000-0002-6529-7381; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Lacourse, Terri/0000-0002-7559-5374; Kleinen, Thomas/0000-0001-9550-5164; Broothaerts, Nils/0000-0002-8605-9657; Lahteenoja, Outi/0000-0002-5730-5804; Hutchings, Jack/0000-0003-3396-6787; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Xia, Zhengyu/0000-0001-9792-6536; Dommain, Rene/0000-0003-4547-8983; Notebaert, Bastiaan/0000-0001-7886-2610; Williams, Christopher/0000-0002-8819-6786; Dalton, April Sue/0000-0002-0725-1385Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, National Science Foundation (NSF) [ARC-1304823]; Academy of Finland (CAPTURE Project); German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03G0836C, 01LP1507B]; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Basic Research (6.1); Strategic Environmental Research and Development Programs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; European Research Council [338335, HGF ERC-0013]; U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research Program; NSF [ARC-1304823, ARC-1107981, PLR-1246190, EAR-1502891]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00891]Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, National Science Foundation (NSF); Academy of Finland (CAPTURE Project); German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Basic Research (6.1); Strategic Environmental Research and Development Programs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research Program; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))We thank S. Frolking for helpful discussion. C.C.T. was supported by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, National Science Foundation (NSF) Award ARC-1304823, Academy of Finland (CAPTURE Project). T.K. was supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Grants 03G0836C and 01LP1507B. T.A.D. was supported by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Basic Research (6.1) and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Programs. S.A.F., T.L., and J.T. were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. G.G. and J.S. were supported by the European Research Council (Grants 338335 and HGF ERC-0013). M.C.J. was supported by U.S. Geological Survey Climate and Land Use Research Program and NSF Award ARC-1304823. J.M.S., Z.X., and Z.Y. were supported by NSF (Awards ARC-1107981, PLR-1246190, and EAR-1502891). R.J.P. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 14-14-00891). This work is the result of a Past Global Changes Carbon in Peat on Earth through Time (PAGES C-PEAT) working group. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government.455456<180 Day Usage Count>1473NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.MAR 1220191161148224827
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813305116http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.18133051166Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsHO4RZ30804186Green Published, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004609115000190 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.679638
Chemical Similarity of Co-occurring Trees Decreases With Precipitation and Temperature in North American Forests
ArticleFRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONmetabolomics; chemical ecology; ForestGEO; species diversity gradient; climate; biotic interactions; functional traits; temperate forestLATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENT; PLANT COMMUNITY DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL; FUNCTIONAL TRAIT; GLOBAL PATTERNS; TRADE-OFF; EVOLUTION; HERBIVORY; DEFENSES; DETERMINANTSSedio, BE; Spasojevic, MJ; Myers, JA; Wright, SJ; Person, MD; Chandrasekaran, H; Dwenger, JH; Prechi, ML; Lopez, CA; Allen, DN; Anderson-Teixeira, KJ; Baltzer, JL; Bourg, NA; Castillo, BT; Day, NJ; Dewald-Wang, E; Dick, CW; James, TY; Kueneman, JG; LaManna, J; Lutz, JA; McGregor, IR; McMahon, SM; Parker, GG; Parker, JD; Vandermeer, JHSedio, Brian E.; Spasojevic, Marko J.; Myers, Jonathan A.; Wright, S. Joseph; Person, Maria D.; Chandrasekaran, Hamssika; Dwenger, Jack H.; Prechi, Maria Laura; Lopez, Christian A.; Allen, David N.; Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Bourg, Norman A.; Castillo, Buck T.; Day, Nicola J.; Dewald-Wang, Emily; Dick, Christopher W.; James, Timothy Y.; Kueneman, Jordan G.; LaManna, Joseph; Lutz, James A.; McGregor, Ian R.; McMahon, Sean M.; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Parker, John D.; Vandermeer, John H.EnglishPlant diversity varies immensely over large-scale gradients in temperature, precipitation, and seasonality at global and regional scales. This relationship may be driven in part by climatic variation in the relative importance of abiotic and biotic interactions to the diversity and composition of plant communities. In particular, biotic interactions may become stronger and more host specific with increasing precipitation and temperature, resulting in greater plant species richness in wetter and warmer environments. This hypothesis predicts that the many defensive compounds found in plants' metabolomes should increase in richness and decrease in interspecific similarity with precipitation, temperature, and plant diversity. To test this prediction, we compared patterns of chemical and morphological trait diversity of 140 woody plant species among seven temperate forests in North America representing 16.2 degrees C variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), 2,115 mm variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP), and from 10 to 68 co-occurring species. We used untargeted metabolomics methods based on data generated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify, classify, and compare 13,480 unique foliar metabolites and to quantify the metabolomic similarity of species in each community with respect to the whole metabolome and each of five broad classes of metabolites. In addition, we compiled morphological trait data from existing databases and field surveys for three commonly measured traits (specific leaf area [SLA], wood density, and seed mass) for comparison with foliar metabolomes. We found that chemical defense strategies and growth and allocation strategies reflected by these traits largely represented orthogonal axes of variation. In addition, functional dispersion of SLA increased with MAP, whereas functional richness of wood density and seed mass increased with MAT. In contrast, chemical similarity of co-occurring species decreased with both MAT and MAP, and metabolite richness increased with MAT. Variation in metabolite richness among communities was positively correlated with species richness, but variation in mean chemical similarity was not. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that plant metabolomes play a more important role in community assembly in wetter and warmer climates, even at temperate latitudes, and suggest that metabolomic traits can provide unique insight to studies of trait-based community assembly.[Sedio, Brian E.; Dwenger, Jack H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Sedio, Brian E.; Wright, S. Joseph; Prechi, Maria Laura; Lopez, Christian A.; Dick, Christopher W.; Kueneman, Jordan G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama; [Spasojevic, Marko J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Myers, Jonathan A.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130 USA; [Person, Maria D.; Chandrasekaran, Hamssika] Univ Texas Austin, Prote Facil, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Allen, David N.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA; [Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.; Bourg, Norman A.; McGregor, Ian R.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Castillo, Buck T.; Dick, Christopher W.; James, Timothy Y.; Vandermeer, John H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Day, Nicola J.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellengton, New Zealand; [Dewald-Wang, Emily] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [LaManna, Joseph] Marquette Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53233 USA; [Lutz, James A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [McMahon, Sean M.; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Parker, John D.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Forest Ecol Grp, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USAUniversity of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of California System; University of California Riverside; Washington University (WUSTL); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Marquette University; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterSedio, BE (corresponding author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA.;Sedio, BE (corresponding author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama.sediob@utexas.eduMcGregor, Ian R./AAR-7853-2021; Wright, S. Joseph/M-3311-2013McGregor, Ian R./0000-0002-5763-021X; LaManna, Joseph/0000-0002-8229-7973; Allen, David/0000-0002-0712-9603; Teixeira, Kristina/0000-0001-8461-9713; Day, Nicola/0000-0002-3135-7585; Wright, S. Joseph/0000-0003-4260-5676; Lutz, James/0000-0002-2560-0710; Lopez, Christian/0000-0003-1127-8721Corteva Agrisciences grant; University of Texas at Austin; Smithsonian ForestGEO; Utah State University; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation; Ecology Center at Utah State University; USDA McIntire-Stennis Grant; Edwin S. George Reserve Fund at the University of Michigan; International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis; National Science Foundation [1557094]; Tyson Research Center; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center; ForestGEO Research Grants Program; Washington University Environmental Studies Grant; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants program; Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Canada Foundation for Innovation,; Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Northern Student Training Program; Smithsonian ForestGEO program; ForestGEO; Smithsonian Institution; HSBC Climate PartnershipCorteva Agrisciences grant; University of Texas at Austin; Smithsonian ForestGEO; Utah State University; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Ecology Center at Utah State University; USDA McIntire-Stennis Grant; Edwin S. George Reserve Fund at the University of Michigan; International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Tyson Research Center; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center(Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Environmental Research Center); ForestGEO Research Grants Program; Washington University Environmental Studies Grant; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Canada Foundation for Innovation,(Canada Foundation for InnovationCGIAR); Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Northern Student Training Program; Smithsonian ForestGEO program; ForestGEO(Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute); Smithsonian Institution(Smithsonian Institution); HSBC Climate PartnershipThis work was supported by a Corteva Agrisciences grant to the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and by the University of Texas at Austin. The Wind River Forest Dynamics Plot is a collaborative project of Utah State University and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. Funding was provided by the Smithsonian ForestGEO, Utah State University, the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, and the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the Gifford Pinchot National Forest and the Forest Service Wind River Field Station for providing logistical support, and the students, volunteers and staff individually listed at http://wfdp.org for data collection. The Utah Forest Dynamics Plot is a collaborative project of Utah State University and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Funding was provided by Utah State University, the Ecology Center at Utah State University, and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. We thank Cedar Breaks National Monument for providing logistical support, and the students, volunteers and staff individually listed at http://ufdp.org for data collection. The plot census at the Michigan Big Woods Forest Dynamics Plot was supported by a USDA McIntire-Stennis Grant and the Edwin S. George Reserve Fund at the University of Michigan. Funding for the Tyson Research Center Plot was provided by the International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, the National Science Foundation (DEB 1557094 to JAM and MJS), the Smithsonian ForestGEO, and Tyson Research Center. We thank the Tyson Research Center staff for providing logistical support, and the more than 100 high school students, undergraduate students, and researchers that have contributed to the project. Funding for trait-data collection at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Tyson Research Center, and Wind River was provided by a ForestGEO Research Grants Program award to MJS and JAM. Funding for chemical-ecology research at Tyson Research Center was provided by a Washington University Environmental Studies Grant for Student Research awarded to ED-W. Funding for the Scotty Creek Forest Dynamics Plot was provided to JLB by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants program, Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canada Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, the Northern Student Training Program (support for field assistants), and the Smithsonian ForestGEO program. Funding for the SCBI ForestGEO plot was provided by ForestGEO, the Smithsonian Institution, and the HSBC Climate Partnership.7966<180 Day Usage Count>1432FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-701XFRONT ECOL EVOLFront. Ecol. Evol.MAY 2620219
679638
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.679638http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.67963818EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologySO3RBGreen Published, gold2023-03-05WOS:0006588918000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084414
Contribution of Snow Cover Decline to Projected Warming Over North America
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSSURFACE ALBEDO FEEDBACK; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOIL-MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; EXTREMES; PARAMETERIZATION; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTDiro, GT; Sushama, LDiro, G. T.; Sushama, L.EnglishGiven the critical role that snow plays in modulating current climate, it is vital to examine the contribution of the projected snow decline to the future warming. This is investigated over North America using regional climate modeling experiments with prescribed current and future snow conditions. Results indicate that the decline in snow contributes to future warming by up to 2 degrees C and 4 degrees C, respectively, to annual and spring temperature increases. Results also show that decline in snow depth and cover lead to the attenuation (amplification) of cold (warm) extremes. The rate of intensification of warm extremes is higher over the snow-abundant regions of northern Canada-where current snow cover fraction is close to one. The largest attenuation in cold extremes, on the other hand, is over snow marginal regions of the Great Plains and Prairies. These results demonstrate the spatiotemporal differences in projected changes exclusively associated with snow cover and depth decline.[Diro, G. T.; Sushama, L.] McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Diro, G. T.; Sushama, L.] McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Diro, G. T.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ, CanadaMcGill University; McGill University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Meteorological Service of Canada; Canadian Meteorological CentreDiro, GT (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Appl Mech, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Diro, GT (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Trottier Inst Sustainabil Engn & Design, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Diro, GT (corresponding author), Environm & Climagulilattef@gmail.comDiro, Gulilat T./AAD-4711-2020Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignNatural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and DesignThis research was funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design. We thank the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) for producing and making available CanESM2 outputs for this study. The CRCM5 simulations considered in this study were performed on the supercomputer managed by Calcul Quebec and Compute Canada. The simulation data set used to produce figures in the main paper can be found online (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528371).4255<180 Day Usage Count>524AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JAN 162020471
e2019GL084414
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084414http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL0844149Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyKM2WL2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005139834000400 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12731
Macrorefugia for North American trees and songbirds: Climatic limiting factors and multi-scale topographic influences
ArticleGLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHYbiotic refugia; climate change; climate velocity; conservation planning; environmental limiting factors; macrorefugia; passerines; quantile regression; woody plantsSPECIES RICHNESS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CHANGE VELOCITY; UNITED-STATES; ICE AGES; CONSERVATION; REFUGIA; MODELS; WATERStralberg, D; Carroll, C; Pedlar, JH; Wilsey, CB; McKenney, DW; Nielsen, SEStralberg, Diana; Carroll, Carlos; Pedlar, John H.; Wilsey, Chad B.; McKenney, Daniel W.; Nielsen, Scott E.EnglishAim: To inform conservation planning in the face of climate change, our objectives were to map spatial patterns of tree and songbird macrorefugia; to identify climatic limiting factors by region and taxonomic group; and to quantify multi-scale topographic components of end-of-century biotic refugia. Location: United States and Canada outside the far north. Time period: End of the 21st century. Major taxa studiedL Trees and songbirds. Methods: We used species distribution models for 324 trees and 268 songbirds to develop a macrorefugia index using species-specific climate velocity. Maps of multispecies refugia potential were developed for each taxonomic/functional group and quantile regression was used to identify climatic limiting factors and relationships with multi-scale topographic variables. Results: End-of-century macrorefugia for both trees and songbirds were concentrated in western mountains and, to a lesser extent, in north-eastern coastal regions. For the highest-value refugia, precipitation was generally most limiting in the north, and warm temperatures and moisture availability were limiting in the south. Tree refugia were more limited by precipitation and moisture, while songbird refugia were more limited by temperature. Upper-percentile refugia, but not median values, were well explained by topographic conditions. Songbird refugia were strongly associated with elevation, while coastal proximity and landform composition (particularly headwaters) were important for both groups. There was a general lack of concordance between patterns of current species richness and future climate refugia. Main conclusions: Macrorefugia patterns are partly explained by steep elevational or latitudinal temperature gradients and/or moderate climates, such as coastal regions. However, climatic limiting factors for these refugia suggest contrasts in the ecological processes governing warm-end range limits for different taxa in different regions. Our framework can be applied to other regions, taxa, and time periods to generate and explain biologically meaningful indices of macrorefugia for conservation planning.[Stralberg, Diana; Nielsen, Scott E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA USA; [Pedlar, John H.; McKenney, Daniel W.] Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Wilsey, Chad B.] Natl Audubon Soc, San Francisco, CA USAUniversity of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Great Lakes Forestry CentreStralberg, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.stralber@ualberta.caNielsen, Scott/C-2842-2013; Nielsen, Scott/O-7482-2019; Stralberg, Diana/W-9267-2019Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Stralberg, Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X; Wilsey, Chad/0000-0002-1448-1445Wilburforce Foundation; MacArthur FoundationWilburforce Foundation; MacArthur FoundationWilburforce Foundation; MacArthur Foundation733839<180 Day Usage Count>340WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1466-822X1466-8238GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGRGlob. Ecol. Biogeogr.JUN2018276690703
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12731http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.1273114Ecology; Geography, PhysicalScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical GeographyGI1DQ2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004341113000060 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2986
Reduced North American terrestrial primary productivity linked to anomalous Arctic warming
ArticleNATURE GEOSCIENCEWEATHER; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; GROWTHKim, JS; Kug, JS; Jeong, SJ; Huntzinger, DN; Michalak, AM; Schwalm, CR; Wei, YX; Schaefer, KKim, Jin-Soo; Kug, Jong-Seong; Jeong, Su-Jong; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Michalak, Anna M.; Schwalm, Christopher R.; Wei, Yaxing; Schaefer, KevinEnglishWarming temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere have enhanced terrestrial productivity. Despite the warming trend, North America has experienced more frequent and more intense cold weather events during winters and springs. These events have been linked to anomalous Arctic warming since 1990, and may affect terrestrial processes. Here we analyse multiple observation data sets and numerical model simulations to evaluate links between Arctic temperatures and primary productivity in North America. We find that positive springtime temperature anomalies in the Arctic have led to negative anomalies in gross primary productivity over most of North America during the last three decades, which amount to a net productivity decline of 0.31 PgC yr(-1) across the continent. This decline is mainly explained by two factors: severe cold conditions in northern North America and lower precipitation in the South Central United States. In addition, United States crop-yield data reveal that during years experiencing anomalous warming in the Arctic, yields declined by approximately 1 to 4% on average, with individual states experiencing declines of up to 20%. We conclude that the strengthening of Arctic warming anomalies in the past decades has remotely reduced productivity over North America.[Kim, Jin-Soo; Kug, Jong-Seong] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 37673, South Korea; [Jeong, Su-Jong] South Univ Sci & Technol China SUSTECH, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China; [Huntzinger, Deborah N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 290 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Schwalm, Christopher R.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Schwalm, Christopher R.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Wei, Yaxing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Wei, Yaxing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Schaefer, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USAPohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH); Southern University of Science & Technology; Northern Arizona University; Carnegie Institution for Science; Woods Hole Research Center; Northern Arizona University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderKug, JS (corresponding author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 37673, South Korea.;Jeong, SJ (corresponding author), South Univ Sci & Technol China SUSTECH, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.jskug@postech.ac.kr; sujong@sustc.edu.cnKim, Jin-Soo/D-4528-2016; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013Kim, Jin-Soo/0000-0003-0631-2294; Schwalm, Christopher/0000-0002-5035-5681; KUG, JONG-SEONG/0000-0003-2251-2579; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078NASA ROSES Grant [NNX10AG01A, NNH10AN681]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [KMIPA2015-2092]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2017R1A2B3011511]; South University of Science and Technology of China; NASA [NNX10AG01A, 134164] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA ROSES Grant; US Department of Energy's Office of Science(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program; National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); South University of Science and Technology of China; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 4) for producing and making available their model output. Funding for the Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP; https://nacp.ornl.gov) activity was provided through NASA ROSES Grant no. NNX10AG01A. Data management support for preparing, documenting and distributing model driver and output data was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL; http://nacp.ornl.gov), with funding through NASA ROSES Grant no. NNH10AN681. Finalized MsTMIP data products are archived at the ORNL DAAC (http://daac.ornl.gov). Funding for AmeriFlux data resources was provided by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science. The authors thank N. Mueller for his careful comments on the crop data analysis. J.-S. Kug and J.-S. Kim were supported by the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant KMIPA2015-2092 and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A2B3011511). S.-J.J. was supported by the startup of South University of Science and Technology of China.434141<180 Day Usage Count>760NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPNEW YORK75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA1752-08941752-0908NAT GEOSCINat. Geosci.AUG2017108572+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2986http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO29866Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyFC2BAGreen Submitted2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0004066411000110 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13679
Scale-dependent complementarity of climatic velocity and environmental diversity for identifying priority areas for conservation under climate change
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYclimate change adaptation; climatic velocity; conservation planning; environmental diversity; land facets; protected areas; refugiaCHANGE ADAPTATION; BIODIVERSITY; SELECTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROREFUGIA; TEMPERATURE; REFUGIA; FUTURE; TAXA; TIMECarroll, C; Roberts, DR; Michalak, JL; Lawler, JJ; Nielsen, SE; Stralberg, D; Hamann, A; Mcrae, BH; Wang, TLCarroll, Carlos; Roberts, David R.; Michalak, Julia L.; Lawler, Joshua J.; Nielsen, Scott E.; Stralberg, Diana; Hamann, Andreas; Mcrae, Brad H.; Wang, TongliEnglishAs most regions of the earth transition to altered climatic conditions, new methods are needed to identify refugia and other areas whose conservation would facilitate persistence of biodiversity under climate change. We compared several common approaches to conservation planning focused on climate resilience over a broad range of ecological settings across North America and evaluated how commonalities in the priority areas identified by different methods varied with regional context and spatial scale. Our results indicate that priority areas based on different environmental diversity metrics differed substantially from each other and from priorities based on spatiotemporal metrics such as climatic velocity. Refugia identified by diversity or velocity metrics were not strongly associated with the current protected area system, suggesting the need for additional conservation measures including protection of refugia. Despite the inherent uncertainties in predicting future climate, we found that variation among climatic velocities derived from different general circulation models and emissions pathways was less than the variation among the suite of environmental diversity metrics. To address uncertainty created by this variation, planners can combine priorities identified by alternative metrics at a single resolution and downweight areas of high variation between metrics. Alternately, coarse-resolution velocity metrics can be combined with fine-resolution diversity metrics in order to leverage the respective strengths of the two groups of metrics as tools for identification of potential macro- and microrefugia that in combination maximize both transient and long-term resilience to climate change. Planners should compare and integrate approaches that span a range of model complexity and spatial scale to match the range of ecological and physical processes influencing persistence of biodiversity and identify a conservation network resilient to threats operating at multiple scales.[Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA; [Roberts, David R.] Univ Freiburg, Dept Biometry & Environm Syst Anal, Freiburg, Germany; [Michalak, Julia L.; Lawler, Joshua J.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Nielsen, Scott E.; Stralberg, Diana; Hamann, Andreas] Univ Alberta, Renewable Resources Dept, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Mcrae, Brad H.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO USA; [Wang, Tongli] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest & Conservat Sci, Vancouver, BC, CanadaUniversity of Freiburg; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Alberta; Nature Conservancy; University of British ColumbiaCarroll, C (corresponding author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA.carlos@klamathconservation.orgStralberg, Diana/W-9267-2019; Wang, Tongli/AAW-4427-2020; Nielsen, Scott/C-2842-2013; Wang, Tongli/AAC-8644-2020; Nielsen, Scott/O-7482-2019Stralberg, Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X; Wang, Tongli/0000-0002-9967-6769; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Roberts, David/0000-0002-3437-2422; Michalak, Julia/0000-0002-2524-8390Wilburforce FoundationWilburforce FoundationWilburforce Foundation606768<180 Day Usage Count>970WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.NOV2017231145084520
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13679http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.1367913Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFI9JI28267245hybrid2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004123227000070 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018
Environmental and taxonomic controls of carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition in Sphagnum across broad climatic and geographic ranges
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESTESTATE AMEBAS; WATER-CONTENT; FUSCUM PEAT; MOSS; DISCRIMINATION; CELLULOSE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FRACTIONATION; VARIABILITY; DELTA-C-13Granath, G; Rydin, H; Baltzer, JL; Bengtsson, F; Boncek, N; Bragazza, L; Bu, ZJ; Caporn, SJM; Dorrepaal, E; Galanina, O; Galka, M; Ganeva, A; Gillikin, DP; Goia, I; Goncharova, N; Hajek, M; Haraguchi, A; Harris, LI; Humphreys, E; Jirousek, M; Kajukalo, K; Karofeld, E; Koronatova, NG; Kosykh, NP; Lamentowicz, M; Lapshina, E; Limpens, J; Linkosalmi, M; Ma, JZ; Mauritz, M; Munir, TM; Natali, SM; Natcheva, R; Noskova, M; Payne, RJ; Pilkington, K; Robinson, S; Robroek, BJM; Rochefort, L; Singer, D; Stenoien, HK; Tuittila, ES; Vellak, K; Verheyden, A; MichaelWaddington, J; Rice, SKGranath, Gustaf k; Rydin, Hakan; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Bengtsson, Fia; Boncek, Nicholas; Bragazza, Luca; Bu, Zhao-Jun; Caporn, Simon J. M.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Galanina, Olga; Galka, Mariusz; Ganeva, Anna; Gillikin, David P.; Goia, Irina; Goncharova, Nadezhda; Hajek, Michal; Haraguchi, Akira; Harris, Lorna I.; Humphreys, Elyn; Jirousek, Martin; Kajukalo, Katarzyna; Karofeld, Edgar; Koronatova, Natalia G.; Kosykh, Natalia P.; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Lapshina, Elena; Limpens, Juul; Linkosalmi, Maiju; Ma, Jin-Ze; Mauritz, Marguerite; Munir, Tariq M.; Natali, Susan M.; Natcheva, Rayna; Noskova, Maria; Payne, Richard J.; Pilkington, Kyle; Robinson, Sean; Robroek, Bjorn J. M.; Rochefort, Line; Singer, David; Stenoien, Hans K.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Vellak, Kai; Verheyden, Anouk; MichaelWaddington, James; Rice, Steven K.EnglishRain-fed peatlands are dominated by peat mosses (Sphagnum sp.), which for their growth depend on nutrients, water and CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. As the isotopic composition of carbon (C-12(,)13) and oxygen (O-16(,)18) of these Sphagnum mosses are affected by environmental conditions, Sphagnum tissue accumulated in peat constitutes a potential long-term archive that can be used for climate reconstruction. However, there is inadequate understanding of how isotope values are influenced by environmental conditions, which restricts their current use as environmental and palaeoenvironmental indicators. Here we tested (i) to what extent C and O isotopic variation in living tissue of Sphagnum is speciesspecific and associated with local hydrological gradients, climatic gradients (evapotranspiration, temperature, precipitation) and elevation; (ii) whether the C isotopic signature can be a proxy for net primary productivity (NPP) of Sphagnum; and (iii) to what extent Sphagnum tissue delta O-18 tracks the delta O-18 isotope signature of precipitation. In total, we analysed 337 samples from 93 sites across North America and Eurasia us ing two important peat-forming Sphagnum species (S. magellanicum, S. fuscum) common to the Holarctic realm. There were differences in delta C-13 values between species. For S. magellanicum delta C-13 decreased with increasing height above the water table (HWT, R-2 = 17 %) and was positively correlated to productivity (R-2 = 7 %). Together these two variables explained 46 % of the between-site variation in delta C-13 values. For S. fuscum, productivity was the only significant predictor of delta C-13 but had low explanatory power (total R-2 = 6 %). For delta O-18 values, approximately 90 % of the variation was found between sites. Globally modelled annual delta O-18 values in precipitation explained 69 % of the between-site variation in tissue delta O-18. S. magellanicum showed lower delta O-18 enrichment than S. fuscum (-0.83 %0 lower). Elevation and climatic variables were weak predictors of tissue delta O-18 values after controlling for delta O-18 values of the precipitation. To summarize, our study provides evidence for (a) good predictability of tissue delta O-18 values from modelled annual delta O-18 values in precipitation, and (b) the possibility of relating tissue delta C-13 values to HWT and NPP, but this appears to be species-dependent. These results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.[Granath, Gustaf k; Rydin, Hakan; Bengtsson, Fia] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Norbyvagen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, 75 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Boncek, Nicholas; Pilkington, Kyle; Rice, Steven K.] Union Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA; [Bragazza, Luca] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, Corso Ercole I dEste 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; [Bragazza, Luca] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, WSL Site Lausanne, Stn 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Bragazza, Luca] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn ENAC, Lab Ecol Syst ECOS, Stn 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Bu, Zhao-Jun; Ma, Jin-Ze] Northeast Normal Univ, State Environm Protect Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Veg, Inst Peat & Mire Res, 5268 Renmin St, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Bu, Zhao-Jun; Ma, Jin-Ze] Jilin Prov Key Lab Wetland Ecol Proc & Environm C, 5268 Renmin St, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China; [Caporn, Simon J. M.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Div Biol & Conservat Ecol, Sch Sci & Environm, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England; [Dorrepaal, Ellen] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, S-98107 Umea, Sweden; [Galanina, Olga] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, Univ Skaya Nab 7-9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; [Galka, Mariusz; Kajukalo, Katarzyna; Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Lab Wetland Ecol & Monitoring, Bogumila Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Galka, Mariusz; Kajukalo, Katarzyna; Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Dept Biogeog & Paleoecol, Bogumila Krygowskiego 10, PL-61680 Poznan, Poland; [Ganeva, Anna; Natcheva, Rayna] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, 2 Yurii Gagarin Str, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; [Gillikin, David P.; Verheyden, Anouk] Union Coll, Dept Geol, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA; [Goia, Irina] Babes Bolyai Univ, Fac Biol & Geol, Dept Taxon & Ecol, 42 Republicii St, Cluj Napoca 400015, Romania; [Goncharova, Nadezhda] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Komi Sci Ctr, Inst Biol, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Hajek, Michal; Jirousek, Martin] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotlarska 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic; [Haraguchi, Akira] Univ Kitakyushu, Dept Biol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8080135, Japan; [Harris, Lorna I.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Jirousek, Martin] Mendel Univ Brno, Fac AgriSci, Dept Plant Biol, Zemedelska 1, Brno 61300, Czech Republic; [Karofeld, Edgar; Vellak, Kai] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Lai St 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia; [Koronatova, Natalia G.; Kosykh, Natalia P.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Lab Biogeocenol, Ak Lavrentev Ave 8-2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; [Lapshina, Elena] Yugra State Univ, Chekhova Str 16, Khanty Mansiysk 628012, Russia; [Limpens, Juul] Wageningen Univ, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Droevendaalse Steeg 3a, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, Netherlands; [Linkosalmi, Maiju] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland; [Mauritz, Marguerite] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc Ecoss, POB 5620, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Munir, Tariq M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [Munir, Tariq M.] St Marys Univ, Dept Geol, Calgary, AB T2X 1Z4, Canada; [Natali, Susan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Payne, Richard J.] Univ York, Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England; [Payne, Richard J.] Penza State Univ, Krasnaya Str 40, Penza 440026, Russia; [Robinson, Sean] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Biol, Oneonta, NY USA; [Robroek, Bjorn J. M.] Univ Southampton, Biol Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England; [Rochefort, Line] Laval Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Rochefort, Line] Laval Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Singer, David] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Lab Soil Biodivers, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland; [Stenoien, Hans K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Peatland & Soil Ecol Grp, BO Box 111, Joensuu 80110, Finland; [Galanina, Olga; Noskova, Maria] Russian Acad Sci, Komarov Bot Inst, Prof Popov St 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia; [Singer, David] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Zool, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil; [MichaelWaddington, James] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, CanadaUppsala University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Union College; University of Ferrara; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Northeast Normal University - China; Manchester Metropolitan University; Umea University; Saint Petersburg State University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Adam Mickiewicz University; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Union College; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Masaryk University Brno; University of Kitakyushu; McGill University; Carleton University; Mendel University in Brno; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Yugra State University; Wageningen University & Research; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Northern Arizona University; University of Calgary; Saint Marys University - Canada; Woods Hole Research Center; University of York - UK; Penza State University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University of Southampton; Laval University; Laval University; University of Neuchatel; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University of Eastern Finland; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; Universidade de Sao Paulo; McMaster UniversityGranath, G (corresponding author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Norbyvagen 18D, Uppsala, Sweden.gustaf.granath@gmail.comKarofeld, Edgar/H-3628-2018; Koronatova, Natalia/AAR-3957-2021; Lapshina, Elena/AAC-5538-2019; Galanina, Olga/K-7388-2013; Robroek, Bjorn/P-7929-2016; Jirousek, Martin/ACM-1420-2022; Bragazza, Luca/U-9089-2017; Linkosalmi, Maiju/ACM-1359-2022; Munir, Tariq M/I-6886-2012; Granath, Gustaf/AAE-7759-2019; Jirousek, Martin/B-1572-2018; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Harris, Lorna/L-4265-2019; Hájek, Michal/H-1648-2014; Singer, David/B-6889-2016; Lapshina, Elena Dmitrievna/A-4792-2014; Goia, Irina I/C-2493-2015; Gałka, Mariusz/ABB-1744-2020; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021Karofeld, Edgar/0000-0001-6533-8473; Lapshina, Elena/0000-0001-5571-7787; Galanina, Olga/0000-0001-5723-309X; Robroek, Bjorn/0000-0002-6714-0652; Jirousek, Martin/0000-0002-4293-478X; Bragazza, Luca/0000-0001-8583-284X; Munir, Tariq M/0000-0002-4591-0978; Granath, Gustaf/0000-0002-3632-9102; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Harris, Lorna/0000-0002-2637-4030; Hájek, Michal/0000-0002-5201-2682; Singer, David/0000-0002-4116-033X; Gałka, Mariusz/0000-0001-8906-944X; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Koronatova, Natalia/0000-0002-0557-0083; Ma, Jinze/0000-0003-4652-614X; Rydin, Hakan/0000-0002-7582-3998; Natcheva, Rayna/0000-0001-7873-5523; Humphreys, Elyn/0000-0002-5397-2802; Linkosalmi, Maiju/0000-0002-5712-6769Union College; US National Science Foundation [1229258]; Swedish Research Council [2015-05174]; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00891]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-05-00775, 15-44-00091, 16-55-16007]; University of Ferrara; Polish National Centre for Research and Development (within the Polish-Norwegian Research Programme: the project WETMAN (Central European Wetland Ecosystem Feedbacks to Changing Climate Field Scale Manipulation) Project) [203258]; National Science Centre, Poland [2015/17/B/ST10/01656]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT34-7]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC Strategic Grant; W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation; National Science Foundation [NSF-1312402]Union College; US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); University of Ferrara; Polish National Centre for Research and Development (within the Polish-Norwegian Research Programme: the project WETMAN (Central European Wetland Ecosystem Feedbacks to Changing Climate Field Scale Manipulation) Project); National Science Centre, Poland(National Science Centre, Poland); Estonian Ministry of Education and Research(Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); NSERC Strategic Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))To the memory of coauthor and Sphagnum enthusiast Maria Noskova, who passed away tragically before this paper was finished. We thank Union College and the US National Science Foundation for providing funding for Union isotope ratio mass spectrometer and peripherals (NSF-MRI #1229258) and Sarah Katz for laboratory assistance. The project was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2015-05174), the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00891), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (research projects nos. 14-05-00775, 15-44-00091 and 16-55-16007), University of Ferrara (FAR 2013 and 2014), the Polish National Centre for Research and Development (within the Polish-Norwegian Research Programme: the project WETMAN (Central European Wetland Ecosystem Feedbacks to Changing Climate Field Scale Manipulation) Project ID: 203258), the National Science Centre, Poland (ID: 2015/17/B/ST10/01656), institutional research funds from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (grant IUT34-7), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants program awarded to Jennifer L. Baltzer, an NSERC Strategic Grant, and with generous support awarded to Lorna I. Harris from the W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation, administered by Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Canada, and National Science Foundation (NSF-1312402) to Susan M. Natali. We acknowledge the Adirondack and Maine offices of The Nature Conservancy, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (Italy), Staatsbosbeheer and Landschap Overijssel (the Netherlands), the Greenwoods Conservancy, NY and the University of Maine for access to field sites.721920<180 Day Usage Count>336COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesAUG 292018151651895202
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5189-201814Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyGR9KMGreen Submitted, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-05WOS:0004430770000020 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13499
Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region
ArticleJOURNAL OF ECOLOGYclimate; global change; net primary production; nitrogen deposition; PAR; peat mosses; plant-climate interactions; structural equation modelSPHAGNUM MOSSES; CARBON; CLIMATE; GROWTH; WATER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; MODEL; CO2; DEPOSITIONBengtsson, F; Rydin, H; Baltzer, JL; Bragazza, L; Bu, ZJ; Caporn, SJM; Dorrepaal, E; Flatberg, KI; Galanina, O; Galka, M; Ganeva, A; Goia, I; Goncharova, N; Hajek, M; Haraguchi, A; Harris, LI; Humphreys, E; Jirousek, M; Kajukalo, K; Karofeld, E; Koronatova, NG; Kosykh, NP; Laine, AM; Lamentowicz, M; Lapshina, E; Limpens, J; Linkosalmi, M; Ma, JZ; Mauritz, M; Mitchell, EAD; Munir, TM; Natali, SM; Natcheva, R; Payne, RJ; Philippov, DA; Rice, SK; Robinson, S; Robroek, BJM; Rochefort, L; Singer, D; Stenoien, HK; Tuittila, ES; Vellak, K; Waddington, JM; Granath, GBengtsson, Fia; Rydin, Hakan; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Bragazza, Luca; Bu, Zhao-Jun; Caporn, Simon J. M.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Flatberg, Kjell Ivar; Galanina, Olga; Galka, Mariusz; Ganeva, Anna; Goia, Irina; Goncharova, Nadezhda; Hajek, Michal; Haraguchi, Akira; Harris, Lorna I.; Humphreys, Elyn; Jirousek, Martin; Kajukalo, Katarzyna; Karofeld, Edgar; Koronatova, Natalia G.; Kosykh, Natalia P.; Laine, Anna M.; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Lapshina, Elena; Limpens, Juul; Linkosalmi, Maiju; Ma, Jin-Ze; Mauritz, Marguerite; Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Munir, Tariq M.; Natali, Susan M.; Natcheva, Rayna; Payne, Richard J.; Philippov, Dmitriy A.; Rice, Steven K.; Robinson, Sean; Robroek, Bjorn J. M.; Rochefort, Line; Singer, David; Stenoien, Hans K.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Vellak, Kai; Waddington, James Michael; Granath, GustafEnglishThe relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genusSphagnum-the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands-remains unclear. We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundantSphagnumspecies across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers onSphagnumgrowth. Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denserSphagnum fuscumgrowing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looserSphagnum magellanicumgrowing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth forS. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influencedSphagnumgrowth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate,S. magellanicumwill increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, whileS. fuscumis more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands.[Bengtsson, Fia; Rydin, Hakan; Granath, Gustaf] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Bragazza, Luca] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, Ferrara, Italy; [Bragazza, Luca] WSL Site Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Lausanne, Switzerland; [Bragazza, Luca] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn ENAC, Lab Ecol Syst ECOS, Lausanne, Switzerland; [Bu, Zhao-Jun; Ma, Jin-Ze] Northeast Normal Univ, Inst Peat & Mire Res, State Environm Protect Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Veg, Changchun, Peoples R China; [Bu, Zhao-Jun; Ma, Jin-Ze] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Lab Geog Proc & Ecol Secur Changbai Mt, Minist Educ, Changchun, Peoples R China; [Caporn, Simon J. M.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Dorrepaal, Ellen] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Abisko, Sweden; [Flatberg, Kjell Ivar; Stenoien, Hans K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, NTNU Univ Museum, Trondheim, Norway; [Galanina, Olga] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Earth Sci, St Petersburg, Russia; [Galanina, Olga] Russian Acad Sci, Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg, Russia; [Galka, Mariusz] Univ Lodz, Fac Biol & Environm Protect, Dept Geobotany & Plant Ecol, Lodz, Poland; [Ganeva, Anna; Natcheva, Rayna] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Res, Sofia, Bulgaria; [Goia, Irina] Babes Bolyai Univ, Fac Biol & Geol, Dept Taxon & Ecol, Cluj Napoca, Romania; [Goncharova, Nadezhda] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Biol, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Hajek, Michal; Jirousek, Martin] Masaryk Univ, Dept Bot & Zool, Fac Sci, Brno, Czech Republic; [Haraguchi, Akira] Univ Kitakyushu, Dept Biol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; [Harris, Lorna I.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Humphreys, Elyn] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Jirousek, Martin] Mendel Univ Brno, Fac AgriSci, Dept Plant Biol, Brno, Czech Republic; [Kajukalo, Katarzyna; Lamentowicz, Mariusz] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Poznan, Poland; [Karofeld, Edgar; Vellak, Kai] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Koronatova, Natalia G.; Kosykh, Natalia P.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci & Agrochem, Lab Biogeocenol, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia; [Laine, Anna M.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Forest Sci, Peatland & Soil Ecol Grp, Joensuu, Finland; [Laine, Anna M.] Univ Oulu, Dept Ecol & Genet, Oulu, Finland; [Lapshina, Elena] Yugra State Univ, Khanty Mansiysk, Russia; [Limpens, Juul] Wageningen Univ, Plant Ecol & Nat Conservat Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Linkosalmi, Maiju] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Mauritz, Marguerite] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc Ecoss, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Mitchell, Edward A. D.; Singer, David] Univ Neuchatel, Inst Biol, Lab Soil Biodivers, Neuchatel, Switzerland; [Mitchell, Edward A. D.] Jardin Bot Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland; [Munir, Tariq M.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Munir, Tariq M.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog & Planning, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Natali, Susan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Payne, Richard J.] Univ York, Environm & Geog, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Payne, Richard J.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia; [Philippov, Dmitriy A.] Russian Acad Sci, Papanin Inst Biol Inland Waters, Borok, Russia; [Rice, Steven K.] Union Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA; [Robinson, Sean] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Biol, Oneonta, NY USA; [Robroek, Bjorn J. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, Nijmegen, Netherlands; [Rochefort, Line] Laval Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Rochefort, Line] Laval Univ, Ctr Northern Studies, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Singer, David] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biosci, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil; [Waddington, James Michael] McMaster Univ, Sch Earth Environm & Soc, Hamilton, ON, CanadaUppsala University; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Ferrara; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Northeast Normal University - China; Northeast Normal University - China; Manchester Metropolitan University; Umea University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); Saint Petersburg State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Lodz; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Masaryk University Brno; University of Kitakyushu; McGill University; Carleton University; Mendel University in Brno; Adam Mickiewicz University; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; University of Oulu; Yugra State University; Wageningen University & Research; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Northern Arizona University; University of Neuchatel; University of Calgary; University of Saskatchewan; Woods Hole Research Center; University of York - UK; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters; Russian Academy of Sciences; Union College; State University of New York (SUNY) System; Radboud University Nijmegen; Laval University; Laval University; Universidade de Sao Paulo; McMaster UniversityBengtsson, F (corresponding author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden.fia.bengtsson@ebc.uu.seGranath, Gustaf/AAE-7759-2019; Singer, David/B-6889-2016; Harris, Lorna/L-4265-2019; Munir, Tariq M/I-6886-2012; Jirousek, Martin/ACM-1420-2022; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/AAR-1211-2021; Hájek, Michal/H-1648-2014; Linkosalmi, Maiju/ACM-1359-2022; Koronatova, Natalia/AAR-3957-2021; Philippov, Dmitriy A./Q-5463-2016; Bragazza, Luca/U-9089-2017; Jirousek, Martin/B-1572-2018; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Galanina, Olga/K-7388-2013Granath, Gustaf/0000-0002-3632-9102; Singer, David/0000-0002-4116-033X; Harris, Lorna/0000-0002-2637-4030; Munir, Tariq M/0000-0002-4591-0978; Jirousek, Martin/0000-0002-4293-478X; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina/0000-0001-8861-3167; Hájek, Michal/0000-0002-5201-2682; Philippov, Dmitriy A./0000-0003-3075-1959; Bragazza, Luca/0000-0001-8583-284X; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Baltzer, Jennifer/0000-0001-7476-5928; Galka, Mariusz/0000-0001-8906-944X; Galanina, Olga/0000-0001-5723-309X; Koronatova, Natalia/0000-0002-0557-0083; Ma, Jinze/0000-0003-4652-614X; Natcheva, Rayna/0000-0001-7873-5523; Rydin, Hakan/0000-0002-7582-3998; bo, zhao jun/0000-0001-9710-6343; Linkosalmi, Maiju/0000-0002-5712-6769W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation; Extensus; Universita degli Studi di Ferrara [FAR 2013, FAR 2014]; Vetenskapsradet [2015-05174]; Academy of Finland [287039]; National Science Foundation [NSF-1312402]; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project [20190101025JH]; Russian Science Foundation [19-14-00102]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [14-05-00775, 15-44-00091, 19-0500830, 18-04-00988, 18-44-860017]; Polish National Centre for Research and Development [203258]; National Science Centre, Poland [2015/17/B/ST10/01656]; Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT347]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Czech Science Foundation [19-28491X]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471043, 41871046]; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Swiss National Science Foundation [P2NEP3_178543]W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation; Extensus; Universita degli Studi di Ferrara; Vetenskapsradet(Swedish Research Council); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Russian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); Polish National Centre for Research and Development; National Science Centre, Poland(National Science Centre, Poland); Estonian Ministry of Education and Research(Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Czech Science Foundation(Grant Agency of the Czech Republic); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF))W. Garfield Weston Foundation Fellowship for Northern Conservation; Extensus; Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, Grant/Award Number: FAR 2013 and FAR 2014; Vetenskapsradet, Grant/Award Number: 2015-05174; Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: Project code 287039; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: NSF-1312402; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Project, Grant/Award Number: 20190101025JH; The Russian Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 19-14-00102; The Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant/Award Number: 14-05-00775, 15-44-00091, 19-0500830, 18-04-00988 and 18-44-860017; The Polish National Centre for Research and Development, Grant/Award Number: 203258; The National Science Centre, Poland, Grant/Award Number: 2015/17/B/ST10/01656; Institutional Research Funds from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, Grant/Award Number: IUT347; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; The Czech Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 19-28491X; The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 41471043 and 41871046; The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation; The Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: P2NEP3_178543701920<180 Day Usage Count>353WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0022-04771365-2745J ECOLJ. Ecol.JAN20211091417431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13499http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13499SEP 202015Plant Sciences; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & EcologyPR6CCGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-05WOS:0005729682000010 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.361
Climate-phenology-hydrology interactions in northern high latitudes: Assessing the value of remote sensing data in catchment ecohydrological studies
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTVegetation phenology; Climate; Hydrology; Temperature; Precipitation; StreamflowENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; GROWING-SEASON; SNOW COVER; LAND-COVER; WATER-USE; 3 DECADES; PRECIPITATION; ASSIMILATION; CHINAWang, HL; Tetzlaff, D; Buttle, J; Carey, SK; Laudon, H; McNamara, JP; Spence, C; Soulsby, CWang, Hailong; Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Buttle, James; Carey, Sean K.; Laudon, Hjalmar; McNamara, James P.; Spence, Christopher; Soulsby, ChrisEnglishWe assessed the hydrological implications of climate effects on vegetation phenology in northern environments by fusion of data from remote-sensing and local catchment monitoring. Studies using satellite data have shown earlier and later dates for the start (SOS) and end of growing seasons (EOS), respectively, in the Northern Hemisphere over the last 3 decades. However, estimates of the change greatly depend on the satellite data utilized. Validation with experimental data on climate-vegetation-hydrology interactions requires long-term observations of multiple variables which are rare and usually restricted to small catchments. In this study, we used two NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) products (at similar to 25 & 0.5 km spatial resolutions) to infer SOS and EOS for six northern catchments, and then investigated the likely climate impacts on phenology change and consequent effects on catchment water yield, using both assimilated data (GLDAS: global land data assimilation system) and direct catchment observations. The major findings are: (1) The assimilated air temperature compared well with catchment observations (regression slopes and R-2 close to 1), whereas underestimations of summer rainstorms resulted in overall underestimations of precipitation (regression slopes of 0.3-0.7, R-2 >= 0.46). (2) The two NDVI products inferred different vegetation phenology characteristics. (3) Increased mean pre-season temperature significantly influenced the advance of SOS and delay of EOS. The precipitation influence was weaker, but delayed SOS corresponding to increased pre-season precipitation at most sites can be related to later snow melting. (4) Decreased catchment streamflow over the last 15 years could be related to the advance in SOS and extension of growing seasons. Greater streamflow reductions in the cold sites than the warm ones imply stronger climate warming impacts on vegetation and hydrology in colder northerly environments. The methods used in this study have potential for better understanding interactions between vegetation, climate and hydrology in observation-scarce regions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[Wang, Hailong; Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris] Univ Aberdeen, Northern Rivers Inst, Sch Geosci, Aberdeen AB243UF, Scotland; [Tetzlaff, Doerthe; Soulsby, Chris] IGB Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheri, Berlin, Germany; [Tetzlaff, Doerthe] Humboldt Univ, Dept Geog, Berlin, Germany; [Buttle, James] Trent Univ, Dept Geog, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada; [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; [Laudon, Hjalmar] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden; [McNamara, James P.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA; [Spence, Christopher] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, CanadaUniversity of Aberdeen; Leibniz Institut fur Gewasserokologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB); Humboldt University of Berlin; Trent University; McMaster University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Idaho; Boise State University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research CentreWang, HL (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.wanghlong3@mail.sysu.edu.cnTetzlaff, Doerthe/D-1818-2018; Wang, Hailong/I-6549-2019; Soulsby, Chris/AAR-1100-2021Tetzlaff, Doerthe/0000-0002-7183-8674; Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1091-0345; McNamara, James/0000-0001-7625-4507Leverhulme Trust (project PLATO) [RPG-2014-016]; European Research Council (ERC) [GA 335910 VeWa]Leverhulme Trust (project PLATO); European Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission)This work is funded by The Leverhulme Trust (project PLATO, RPG-2014-016) and the European Research Council (ERC, project GA 335910 VeWa). We thank the funders of the individual sites who have been acknowledged in the papers referred to in Section 2.1 for maintaining the research infrastructures. We also thank the Dorset Environmental Science Centre for provision of meteorological and streamflow data. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestion to improve this manuscript.812424<180 Day Usage Count>488ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.MAR 1520196561928
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.361http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.36110Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyHG5SP30502731Green Accepted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004550396000030 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241222
Increased winter drownings in ice-covered regions with warmer winters
ArticlePLOS ONENORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LAKE-ICE; VARIABILITY; ALASKA; TRENDSSharma, S; Blagrave, K; Watson, SR; O'Reilly, CM; Batt, R; Magnuson, JJ; Clemens, T; Denfeld, BA; Flaim, G; Grinberga, L; Hori, Y; Laas, A; Knoll, LB; Straile, D; Takamura, N; Weyhenmeyer, GASharma, Sapna; Blagrave, Kevin; Watson, Simon R.; O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Batt, Ryan; Magnuson, John J.; Clemens, Tessa; Denfeld, Blaize A.; Flaim, Giovanna; Grinberga, Laura; Hori, Yukari; Laas, Alo; Knoll, Lesley B.; Straile, Dietmar; Takamura, Noriko; EnglishWinter activities on ice are culturally important for many countries, yet they constitute a high safety risk depending upon the stability of the ice. Because consistently cold periods are required to form stable and thick ice, warmer winters could degrade ice conditions and increase the likelihood of falling through the ice. This study provides the first large-scale assessment of winter drowning from 10 Northern Hemisphere countries. We documented over 4000 winter drowning events. Winter drownings increased exponentially in regions with warmer winters when air temperatures neared 0 degrees C. The largest number of drownings occurred when winter air temperatures were between -5 degrees C and 0 degrees C, when ice is less stable, and also in regions where indigenous traditions and livelihood require extended time on ice. Rates of drowning were greatest late in the winter season when ice stability declines. Children and adults up to the age of 39 were at the highest risk of winter drownings. Beyond temperature, differences in cultures, regulations, and human behaviours can be important additional risk factors. Our findings indicate the potential for increased human mortality with warmer winter air temperatures. Incorporating drowning prevention plans would improve adaptation strategies to a changing climate.[Sharma, Sapna; Blagrave, Kevin; Watson, Simon R.] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [O'Reilly, Catherine M.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Normal, IL 61761 USA; [Batt, Ryan] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA; [Magnuson, John J.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Clemens, Tessa] Drowning Prevent Res Ctr Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Denfeld, Blaize A.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden; [Flaim, Giovanna] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, San Michele All Adige, Italy; [Grinberga, Laura] Latvian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Riga, Latvia; [Hori, Yukari] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Laas, Alo] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Agr & Environm Sci, Tartu, Estonia; [Knoll, Lesley B.] Univ Minnesota, Itasca Biol Stn & Labs, Lake Itasca, MN USA; [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany; [Takamura, Noriko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Environm Biol & Ecosyst Studies, Lake Biwa Branch Off, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, SwedenYork University - Canada; Illinois State University; Rutgers State University New Brunswick; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Umea University; Fondazione Edmund Mach; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; ESharma, S (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada.sharma11@yorku.caWeyhenmeyer, Gesa/Y-6135-2019; Straile, Dietmar/A-4065-2008; Laas, Alo/G-7992-2016Weyhenmeyer, Gesa/0000-0002-4013-2281; Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Sharma, Sapna/0000-0003-4571-2768; Laas, Alo/0000-0002-4801-0377; Hori, Yukari/0000-0002-6929-9931Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award; York University Research Chair programme; Kempestiftelserna; Estonian Research Council [PSG 32]Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award; York University Research Chair programme; Kempestiftelserna; Estonian Research Council(Estonian Research Council)Funding was provided to SS by the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award and York University Research Chair programme. Funding support for BAD was provided by Kempestiftelserna. AL was supported by Estonian Research Council Grant PSG 32. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.411617<180 Day Usage Count>214PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCESAN FRANCISCO1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA1932-6203PLOS ONEPLoS OneNOV 1820201511
e0241222
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241222http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.024122213Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsOZ9VG33206655Green Published, gold, Green Accepted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005952659000510 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03147
Inferring Past Trends in Lake Water Organic Carbon Concentrations in Northern Lakes Using Sediment Spectroscopy
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYNEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; SURFACE WATERS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARCTIC LAKES; ACIDIFICATION; DIATOM; SCALE; SENSITIVITYMeyer-Jacob, C; Michelutti, N; Paterson, AM; Monteith, D; Yang, HD; Weckstrom, J; Smol, JP; Bindler, RMeyer-Jacob, Carsten; Michelutti, Neal; Paterson, Andrew M.; Monteith, Don; Yang, Handong; Weckstrom, Jan; Smol, John P.; Bindler, RichardEnglishChanging lake water total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations are of concern for lake management because of corresponding effects on aquatic ecosystem functioning, drinking water resources and carbon cycling between land and sea. Understanding the importance of human activities on TOC changes requires knowledge of past concentrations; however, water-monitoring data are typically only available for the past few decades, if at all. Here, we present a universal model to infer past lake water TOC concentrations in northern lakes across Europe and North America that uses visible-near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy on lake sediments. In the orthogonal partial least-squares model, VNIR spectra of surface-sediment samples are calibrated against corresponding surface water TOC concentrations (0.5-41 mg L-1) from 345 Arctic to northern temperate lakes in Canada, Greenland, Sweden and Finland. Internal model-cross-validation resulted in a R-2 of 0.57 and a prediction error of 4.4 mg TOC L-1. First applications to lakes in southern Ontario and Scotland, which are outside of the model's geographic range, show the model accurately captures monitoring trends, and suggests that TOC dynamics during the 20th century at these sites were primarily driven by changes in atmospheric deposition. Our results demonstrate that the lake water TOC model has multiregional applications and is not biased by postdepositional diagenesis, allowing the identification of past TOC variations in northern lakes of Europe and North America over time scales of decades to millennia.[Meyer-Jacob, Carsten; Michelutti, Neal; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Meyer-Jacob, Carsten; Bindler, Richard] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Paterson, Andrew M.] Ontario Minist Environm & Climate Change, Dorset Environm Sci Ctr, Dorset, ON P0A 1E0, Canada; [Monteith, Don] Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England; [Yang, Handong] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London WC1E 6BT, England; [Weckstrom, Jan] Univ Helsinki, Dept Environm Sci, ECRU, POB 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, FinlandQueens University - Canada; Umea University; Lancaster University; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH); University of London; University College London; University of HelsinkiMeyer-Jacob, C (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, PEARL, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.;Meyer-Jacob, C (corresponding author), Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden.carsten.meyerjacob@gmail.comMeyer-Jacob, Carsten/B-8248-2014; Liu, Yifan/S-6217-2017; Monteith, Donald/C-1534-2008; Weckstrom, Jan/N-7665-2013Meyer-Jacob, Carsten/0000-0002-8208-496X; Monteith, Donald/0000-0003-3219-1772; Bindler, Richard/0000-0002-7900-309X; Weckstrom, Jan/0000-0001-5604-617XSwedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2016-00573, 2014-5219]; YMER-80 foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Polar Continental Shelf ProgramSwedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet)(Swedish Research Council); YMER-80 foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Polar Continental Shelf ProgramWe thank Johan Rydberg for subsampling sediment varves from Nylandssjon, Clare Nelligan and Larkin Mosscrop for providing data, and Chris Grooms for coordinating laboratory analyses at Queen's University. Financial support was provided by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet; grants no. 2016-00573 and 2014-5219), the YMER-80 foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Polar Continental Shelf Program.602324<180 Day Usage Count>169AMER CHEMICAL SOCWASHINGTON1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA0013-936X1520-5851ENVIRON SCI TECHNOLEnviron. Sci. Technol.NOV 21201751221324813255
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03147http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b031478Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyFO1DK29064242Green Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004164967000210 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916387117
Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw
ArticlePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAnorthern peatlands; carbon stocks; nitrogen stocks; greenhouse gas fluxes; permafrost thawMETHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICS; RELEASE; STORAGE; LANDSCAPE; DATABASE; MODELS; FLUXESHugelius, G; Loisel, J; Chadburn, S; Jackson, RB; Jones, M; MacDonald, G; Marushchak, M; Olefeldt, D; Packalen, M; Siewert, MB; Treat, C; Turetsky, M; Voigt, C; Yu, ZCHugelius, Gustaf; Loisel, Julie; Chadburn, Sarah; Jackson, Robert B.; Jones, Miriam; MacDonald, Glen; Marushchak, Maija; Olefeldt, David; Packalen, Maara; Siewert, Matthias B.; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt; Voigt, Carolina; Yu, ZichengEnglishNorthern peatlands have accumulated large stocks of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), but their spatial distribution and vulnerability to climate warming remain uncertain. Here, we used machine-learning techniques with extensive peat core data (n > 7,000) to create observation-based maps of northern peatland C and N stocks, and to assess their response to warming and permafrost thaw. We estimate that northern peatlands cover 3.7 +/- 0.5 million km(2) and store 415 +/- 150 Pg C and 10 +/- 7 Pg N. Nearly half of the peatland area and peat C stocks are permafrost affected. Using modeled global warming stabilization scenarios (from 1.5 to 6 degrees C warming), we project that the current sink of atmospheric C (0.10 +/- 0.02 Pg C.y(-1)) in northern peatlands will shift to a C source as 0.8 to 1.9 million km 2 of permafrost-affected peatlands thaw. The projected thaw would cause peatland greenhouse gas emissions equal to similar to 1% of anthropogenic radiative forcing in this century. The main forcing is from methane emissions (0.7 to 3 Pg cumulative CH4-C) with smaller carbon dioxide forcing (1 to 2 Pg CO2-C) and minor nitrous oxide losses. We project that initial CO2-C losses reverse after similar to 200 y, as warming strengthens peatland C-sinks. We project substantial, but highly uncertain, additional losses of peat into fluvial systems of 10 to 30 Pg C and 0.4 to 0.9 Pg N. The combined gaseous and fluvial peatland C loss estimated here adds 30 to 50% onto previous estimates of permafrost-thaw C losses, with southern permafrost regions being the most vulnerable.[Hugelius, Gustaf] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Hugelius, Gustaf] Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Hugelius, Gustaf; Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Loisel, Julie] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Chadburn, Sarah] Univ Exeter, Dept Math, Exeter EX4 4QE, Devon, England; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; [Jones, Miriam] US Geol Survey, Florence Bascom Geosci Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA; [MacDonald, Glen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Marushchak, Maija] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland; [Packalen, Maara] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; [Siewert, Matthias B.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90736 Umea, Sweden; [Treat, Claire] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Voigt, Carolina] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Yu, Zicheng] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Yu, Zicheng] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Inst Peat & Mire Res, Changchun 130024, Peoples R China; [Packalen, Maara] Minist Nat Resources & Forestry, Ontario Forest Res Inst, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, CanadaStockholm University; Stockholm University; Stanford University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Exeter; Stanford University; Stanford University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Jyvaskyla; University of Toronto; University of Alberta; Umea University; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Guelph; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Universite de Montreal; Lehigh University; Northeast Normal University - China; Ministry of Natural Resources & ForestryHugelius, G (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Hugelius, G (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Hugelius, G (corresponding author), Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.gustaf.hugelius@natgeo.su.seTreat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/Q-4378-2016; Hugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Voigt, Carolina/GRX-9664-2022; Olefeldt, David/E-8835-2013Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/0000-0003-2890-8873; Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Voigt, Carolina/0000-0001-8589-1428; Jackson, Robert/0000-0001-8846-7147; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Chadburn, Sarah/0000-0003-1320-315X; Olefeldt, David/0000-0002-5976-1475; Jones, Miriam/0000-0002-6650-7619Swedish Research Council [2014-06417, 2018-04516]; European Union Marie Sklodowska-Curie Co-Fund (INCA); European Union; European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation project Nunataryuk [773421]; Gordon and Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation [GBMF5439]; Global Carbon Project; Permafrost Carbon Network; Past Global Changes C-PEAT Working Group; World Climate Research Programme grand challenge Carbon Feedbacks in the Climate System; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/R015791/1]; National Science Foundation [1802810]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41877458]; NERC [NE/R015791/1] Funding Source: UKRISwedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); European Union Marie Sklodowska-Curie Co-Fund (INCA); European Union(European Commission); European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation project Nunataryuk; Gordon and Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation; Global Carbon Project; Permafrost Carbon Network; Past Global Changes C-PEAT Working Group; World Climate Research Programme grand challenge Carbon Feedbacks in the Climate System; UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))This research was funded by the Swedish Research Council (2014-06417 and 2018-04516), the European Union Marie Sklodowska-Curie Co-Fund (INCA), the European Union Joint Programming Initiative-Climate COUP project, the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation project Nunataryuk (773421), and a grant from the Gordon and Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation (GBMF5439). The coordination of the research has been supported by the Global Carbon Project, the Permafrost Carbon Network, the Past Global Changes C-PEAT Working Group, and the World Climate Research Programme grand challenge Carbon Feedbacks in the Climate System. S.C. acknowledges funding from UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R015791/1). Z.Y. acknowledges the support from National Science Foundation (1802810) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877458).89187192<180 Day Usage Count>82217NATL ACAD SCIENCESWASHINGTON2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA0027-84241091-6490P NATL ACAD SCI USAProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.AUG 252020117342043820446
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916387117http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.19163871179Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsNS6DF32778585Green Published, Green Accepted, hybridYN2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0005723490000210 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088776
Orbital Forcing Strongly Influences Seasonal Temperature Trends During the Last Millennium
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSclimate variability; insolation; last millennium; long&#8208; term trends; orbital forcing; proxy reconstructionsLucke, LJ; Schurer, AP; Wilson, R; Hegerl, GCLucke, Lucie J.; Schurer, Andrew P.; Wilson, Rob; Hegerl, Gabriele C.EnglishInsolation changes caused by the axial precession induce millennial trends in last millennium temperature, varying with season and latitude. A characteristic seasonal trend pattern can be detected in both insolation and modeled surface temperature response. In the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, the maximum insolation trend occurs around April/May, while the minimum trend occurs between July and September. The temperature trend lags behind insolation trend by around a month. Hence orbital forcing potentially affects long-term trends in proxy data, which are often sensitive to a distinct seasonal window. We find that tree-ring reconstructions based on early growing season dominated records show different millennial trends from those for late summer dominated proxies. The differential response is similar to that seen in pseudo proxy reconstructions when considering proxy seasonality. This suggests that orbital forcing has influenced long-term trends in climate proxies. It is therefore vital to use seasonally homogeneous data for reconstructing multicentennial variability.[Lucke, Lucie J.; Schurer, Andrew P.; Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Wilson, Rob] Univ St Andrews, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews, Fife, ScotlandUniversity of Edinburgh; University of St AndrewsLucke, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.lucie.luecke@ed.ac.ukWilson, Rob/S-9147-2016Wilson, Rob/0000-0003-4486-8904; Schurer, Andrew/0000-0002-9176-3622; Lucke, Lucie/0000-0002-6185-4830Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership [NE/L002558/1]; NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy [NE/P006752/1]; NERC [NE/P006752/1] Funding Source: UKRINatural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))L. Lucke. was supported by a studentship from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) E3 Doctoral training partnership (grant number NE/L002558/1). A. P. Schurer and G.Hegerl. were supported by NERC under the Belmont forum, Grant PacMedy (NE/P006752/1). The authors acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and thank all the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. The authors acknowledge the Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Network Development (N-TREND) and the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project for providing publicly available data.10688<180 Day Usage Count>05AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.FEB 282021484
e2020GL088776
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088776http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GL08877613Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyQP4JPGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-12WOS:0006238029000490 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32711-4
Recent climate change has driven divergent hydrological shifts in high-latitude peatlands
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSPERMAFROST THAW; INCREASEZhang, H; Valiranta, M; Swindles, GT; Aquino-Lopez, MA; Mullan, D; Tan, N; Amesbury, M; Babeshko, KV; Bao, K; Bobrov, A; Chernyshov, V; Davies, MA; Diaconu, AC; Feurdean, A; Finkelstein, SA; Garneau, M; Guo, ZT; Jones, MC; Kay, M; Klein, ES; Lamentowicz, M; Magnan, G; Marcisz, K; Mazei, N; Mazei, Y; Payne, R; Pelletier, N; Piilo, SR; Pratte, S; Roland, T; Saldaev, D; Shotyk, W; Sim, TG; Sloan, TJ; Slowinski, M; Talbot, J; Taylor, L; Tsyganov, AN; Wetterich, S; Xing, W; Zhao, YZhang, Hui; Valiranta, Minna; Swindles, Graeme T.; Aquino-Lopez, Marco A.; Mullan, Donal; Tan, Ning; Amesbury, Matthew; Babeshko, Kirill, V; Bao, Kunshan; Bobrov, Anatoly; Chernyshov, Viktor; Davies, Marissa A.; Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin; Feurdean, Angelica; Finkelstein, Sarah A.; Garneau, Michelle; Guo, Zhengtang; Jones, Miriam C.; Kay, Martin; Klein, Eric S.; Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Magnan, Gabriel; Marcisz, Katarzyna; Mazei, Natalia; Mazei, Yuri; Payne, Richard; Pelletier, Nicolas; Piilo, Sanna R.; Pratte, Steve; Roland, Thomas; Saldaev, Damir; Shotyk, William; Sim, Thomas G.; Sloan, Thomas J.; Slowinski, Michal; Talbot, Julie; Taylor, Liam; Tsyganov, Andrey N.; Wetterich, Sebastian; Xing, Wei; Zhao, YanEnglishA recent synthesis study found 54% of the high-latitude peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over the past centuries, illustrating their complex ecohydrological dynamics and highly uncertain responses to a warming climate. High-latitude peatlands are changing rapidly in response to climate change, including permafrost thaw. Here, we reconstruct hydrological conditions since the seventeenth century using testate amoeba data from 103 high-latitude peat archives. We show that 54% of the peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over this period, illustrating the complex ecohydrological dynamics of high latitude peatlands and their highly uncertain responses to a warming climate.[Zhang, Hui; Tan, Ning; Guo, Zhengtang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Zhang, Hui; Valiranta, Minna; Amesbury, Matthew; Piilo, Sanna R.] Univ Helsinki, Environm Change Res Unit ECRU, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland; [Valiranta, Minna; Piilo, Sanna R.] Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci HELSUS, Helsinki, Finland; [Swindles, Graeme T.; Mullan, Donal] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Geog, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Geosci Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Swindles, Graeme T.] Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Aquino-Lopez, Marco A.] Math Res Ctr CIMAT, Guanajuato, Mexico; [Amesbury, Matthew; Roland, Thomas; Sim, Thomas G.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter, Devon, England; [Babeshko, Kirill, V; Bobrov, Anatoly; Mazei, Natalia; Mazei, Yuri; Saldaev, Damir; Tsyganov, Andrey N.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia; [Babeshko, Kirill, V; Mazei, Yuri; Saldaev, Damir] Shenzhen MSU BIT Univ, Shenzhen, Peoples R China; [Bao, Kunshan] South China Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Guangzhou, Peoples R China; [Chernyshov, Viktor] Penza State Univ, Penza, Russia; [Davies, Marissa A.; Finkelstein, Sarah A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin] Babes Bolyai Univ, Dept Geol, Cluj Napoca, Romania; [Feurdean, Angelica] Goethe Univ, Frankfurt, Germany; [Feurdean, Angelica] Babes Bolyai Univ, STAR UBB Inst, Cluj Napoca, Romania; [Garneau, Michelle; Magnan, Gabriel] Univ Quebec Montreal, Geotop Res Ctr, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Garneau, Michelle; Magnan, Gabriel] Univ Quebec Montreal, Interuniv Res Grp Limnol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Jones, Miriam C.] US Geol Survey, Florence Bascom Geosci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA; [Kay, Martin] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Sci & Environm, Manchester, Lancs, England; [Klein, Eric S.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Geol Sci, Anchorage, AK USA; [Lamentowicz, Mariusz; Marcisz, Katarzyna; Pelletier, Nicolas] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Poznan, Poland; [Mazei, Yuri; Tsyganov, Andrey N.] Russian Acad Sci, AN Severtsov Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow, Russia; [Payne, Richard] Univ York, Environm, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Talbot, Julie] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Interuniv Res Grp Limnol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Pratte, Steve] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou, Peoples R China; [Shotyk, William] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Sim, Thomas G.; Sloan, Thomas J.; Taylor, Liam] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Slowinski, Michal] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geog & Spatial Org, Landscape Dynam Lab, Warsaw, Poland; [Wetterich, Sebastian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Potsdam, Germany; [Wetterich, Sebastian] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Geog, Dresden, Germany; [Xing, Wei] Sanming Univ, Natl Pk Res Ctr, Sanming, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; University of Helsinki; Queens University Belfast; Carleton University; University of Ottawa; Carleton University; University of Exeter; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Shenzhen MSU-BIT University; South China Normal University; Penza State University; University of Toronto; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; Goethe University Frankfurt; Babes Bolyai University from Cluj; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Manchester Metropolitan University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; Adam Mickiewicz University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; University of York - UK; Universite de Montreal; Zhejiang University; University of Alberta; University of Leeds; Polish Academy of Sciences; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Technische Universitat Dresden; Sanming University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CASZhang, H (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Cenozo Geol & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.;Zhang, H; Valiranta, M (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Environm Change Res Unit ECRU, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland.;Valiranta, M (corresponding author), Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci HELSUS, Helsinki, Finland.huizhang_bj@163.com; minna.valiranta@helsinki.fiBao, Kunshan/HGC-3930-2022; Finkelstein, Sarah/K-8202-2012; Tsyganov, Andrey N/E-6743-2015; Marcisz, Katarzyna/C-4021-2013; Mazei, Yuri/B-5358-2013; Chernyshov, Victor/S-4876-2019; Zhao, Yan/B-1785-2014; Guo, Zhengtang/B-6854-2008Bao, Kunshan/0000-0002-7668-1522; Finkelstein, Sarah/0000-0002-8239-399X; Tsyganov, Andrey N/0000-0002-5660-8432; Marcisz, Katarzyna/0000-0003-2655-9729; Mazei, Yuri/0000-0002-5443-8919; Zhao, Yan/0000-0003-1693-9795; Garneau, Michelle/0000-0002-1956-9243; Feurdean, Angelica/0000-0002-2497-3005; Amesbury, Matthew/0000-0002-4667-003X; Zhang, Hui/0000-0002-3758-5722; Guo, Zhengtang/0000-0003-2259-9715; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Aquino-Lopez, Marco Antonio/0000-0002-5076-7205; Taylor, Liam/0000-0001-7916-0856; Wetterich, Sebastian/0000-0001-9234-1192; Mullan, Donal/0000-0002-6363-3150Academy of Finland [1296519]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41888101, 41907371, 41907381]; Worldwide University Network (WUN); Quaternary Research Association (UK); National Science Foundation-Ecosystem Studies Program [DEB-0919385]; National Science Foundation, Poland [2021/41/B/ST10/00060]; Russian Science Foundation [19-14-00102]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; U.S. Geological Survey Climate RD Program; Alberta Innovates, Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); UK Natural Environment Research Council Training Grant [NE/L002574/1]; Helsinki University LibraryAcademy of Finland(Academy of Finland); National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Worldwide University Network (WUN); Quaternary Research Association (UK); National Science Foundation-Ecosystem Studies Program; National Science Foundation, Poland; Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; U.S. Geological Survey Climate RD Program; Alberta Innovates, Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); UK Natural Environment Research Council Training Grant; Helsinki University LibraryM.V., S.P., H.Z. acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland (No.1296519). Z.G., N.T., H.Z. acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41888101). G.T.S. acknowledges funding from the Worldwide University Network (WUN) and the Quaternary Research Association (UK). N.T. acknowledges the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41907371). W.X. acknowledges funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41907381). E.K. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation-Ecosystem Studies Program (DEB-0919385). M.L. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation, Poland (2021/41/B/ST10/00060). Y.M., A.N.T., N.M., K.B. acknowledge funding from the Russian Science Foundation (No. 19-14-00102). S.A.F. and M.A.D. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and support from the Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. M.C.J. acknowledges funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Climate R&D Program. W.S. acknowledges funding from Alberta Innovates, Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). T.G.S. is in receipt of a UK Natural Environment Research Council Training Grant (NE/L002574/1). J.T. acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The open access was funded by the Helsinki University Library.3522<180 Day Usage Count>2527NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.AUG 242022131
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32711-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32711-47Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics3Z6VE36002465Green Published, Green Accepted, gold2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0008445553000050 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2258-0
Patterns and trends of Northern Hemisphere snow mass from 1980 to 2018
ArticleNATUREWATER EQUIVALENT; RADIOMETER DATA; BOREAL; COVER; DEPTH; CLIMATE; MODELPulliainen, J; Luojus, K; Derksen, C; Mudryk, L; Lemmetyinen, J; Salminen, M; Ikonen, J; Takala, M; Cohen, J; Smolander, T; Norberg, JPulliainen, Jouni; Luojus, Kari; Derksen, Chris; Mudryk, Lawrence; Lemmetyinen, Juha; Salminen, Miia; Ikonen, Jaakko; Takala, Matias; Cohen, Juval; Smolander, Tuomo; Norberg, JohannesEnglishWarming surface temperatures have driven a substantial reduction in the extent and duration of Northern Hemisphere snow cover(1-3). These changes in snow cover affect Earth's climate system via the surface energy budget, and influence freshwater resources across a large proportion of the Northern Hemisphere(4-6). In contrast to snow extent, reliable quantitative knowledge on seasonal snow mass and its trend is lacking(7-9). Here we use the new GlobSnow 3.0 dataset to show that the 1980-2018 annual maximum snow mass in the Northern Hemisphere was, on average, 3,062 +/- 35 billion tonnes (gigatonnes). Our quantification is for March (the month that most closely corresponds to peak snow mass), covers non-alpine regions above 40 degrees N and, crucially, includes a bias correction based on in-field snow observations. We compare our GlobSnow 3.0 estimates with three independent estimates of snow mass, each with and without the bias correction. Across the four datasets, the bias correction decreased the range from 2,433-3,380 gigatonnes (mean 2,867) to 2,846-3,062 gigatonnes (mean 2,938)-a reduction in uncertainty from 33% to 7.4%. On the basis of our bias-corrected GlobSnow 3.0 estimates, we find different continental trends over the 39-year satellite record. For example, snow mass decreased by 46 gigatonnes per decade across North America but had a negligible trend across Eurasia; both continents exhibit high regional variability. Our results enable a better estimation of the role of seasonal snow mass in Earth's energy, water and carbon budgets. Applying a bias correction to a state-of-the-art dataset covering non-alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere and to three other datasets yields a more constrained quantification of snow mass in March from 1980 to 2018.[Pulliainen, Jouni; Luojus, Kari; Lemmetyinen, Juha; Salminen, Miia; Ikonen, Jaakko; Takala, Matias; Cohen, Juval; Smolander, Tuomo; Norberg, Johannes] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [Derksen, Chris; Mudryk, Lawrence] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, CanadaFinnish Meteorological Institute; Environment & Climate Change CanadaPulliainen, J (corresponding author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland.jouni.pulliainen@fmi.fiSalminen, Miia A/C-3912-2018; Lemmetyinen, Juha/B-3739-2016; Smolander, Tuomo/B-5022-2018; Pulliainen, Jouni/Y-4810-2019; Derksen, Chris/S-9828-2017Salminen, Miia A/0000-0003-1847-6472; Lemmetyinen, Juha/0000-0003-4434-9696; Smolander, Tuomo/0000-0003-1592-8920; Pulliainen, Jouni/0000-0003-1157-2920; Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Luojus, Kari/0000-0002-4066-6005; Cohen, Juval/0000-0001-6396-15346128133<180 Day Usage Count>21104NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND0028-08361476-4687NATURENatureMAY20205817808294+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2258-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2258-015Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsLQ2CZ32433620YN2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005348182000130 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14862
Temperature change as a driver of spatial patterns and long-term trends in chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) diversity
ArticleGLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGYArctic; biodiversity; climate warming; freshwater ecosystems; insects; palaeoecology; QuaternaryPAST ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; CHRYSOPHYTE CYST ASSEMBLAGES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS; VEGETATION RESPONSES; SUMMER TEMPERATURE; LAKE DEVELOPMENT; MEERFELDER MAAR; INFERENCE MODELEngels, S; Medeiros, AS; Axford, Y; Brooks, SJ; Heiri, O; Luoto, TP; Nazarova, L; Porinchu, DF; Quinlan, R; Self, AEEngels, Stefan; Medeiros, Andrew S.; Axford, Yarrow; Brooks, Stephen J.; Heiri, Oliver; Luoto, Tomi P.; Nazarova, Larisa; Porinchu, David F.; Quinlan, Roberto; Self, Angela E.EnglishAnthropogenic activities have led to a global decline in biodiversity, and monitoring studies indicate that both insect communities and wetland ecosystems are particularly affected. However, there is a need for long-term data (over centennial or millennial timescales) to better understand natural community dynamics and the processes that govern the observed trends. Chironomids (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) are often the most abundant insects in lake ecosystems, sensitive to environmental change, and, because their larval exoskeleton head capsules preserve well in lake sediments, they provide a unique record of insect community dynamics through time. Here, we provide the results of a metadata analysis of chironomid diversity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, we analyse spatial trends in chironomid diversity using Northern Hemispheric data sets overall consisting of 837 lakes. Our results indicate that in most of our data sets, summer temperature (T-jul) is strongly associated with spatial trends in modern-day chironomid diversity. We observe a strong increase in chironomid alpha diversity with increasing T-jul in regions with present-day T-jul between 2.5 and 14 degrees C. In some areas with T-jul > 14 degrees C, chironomid diversity stabilizes or declines. Second, we demonstrate that the direction and amplitude of change in alpha diversity in a compilation of subfossil chironomid records spanning the last glacial-interglacial transition (similar to 15,000-11,000 years ago) are similar to those observed in our modern data. A compilation of Holocene records shows that during phases when the amplitude of temperature change was small, site-specific factors had a greater influence on the chironomid fauna obscuring the chironomid diversity-temperature relationship. Our results imply expected overall chironomid diversity increases in colder regions such as the Arctic under sustained global warming, but with complex and not necessarily predictable responses for individual sites.[Engels, Stefan] Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Geog, London WC1E 7HX, England; [Medeiros, Andrew S.] Dalhousie Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Studies, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Axford, Yarrow] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL USA; [Brooks, Stephen J.; Self, Angela E.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London, England; [Heiri, Oliver] Univ Basel, Dept Environm Sci, Geoecol, Basel, Switzerland; [Luoto, Tomi P.] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, Lahti, Finland; [Nazarova, Larisa] Potsdam Univ, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Nazarova, Larisa] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; [Nazarova, Larisa] Kazan Fed Univ, Kazan, Russia; [Porinchu, David F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Quinlan, Roberto] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, CanadaUniversity of London; Birkbeck University London; Dalhousie University; Northwestern University; Natural History Museum London; University of Basel; University of Helsinki; University of Potsdam; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Kazan Federal University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; York University - CanadaEngels, S (corresponding author), Birkbeck Univ London, Dept Geog, London WC1E 7HX, England.s.engels@bbk.ac.ukNazarova, Larisa/AAP-7185-2020; Nazarova, Larisa/C-8926-2014; Heiri, Oliver/A-2403-2008; Axford, Yarrow/N-4151-2014Nazarova, Larisa/0000-0003-4145-9689; Heiri, Oliver/0000-0002-3957-5835; Axford, Yarrow/0000-0002-8033-358X; Quinlan, Roberto/0000-0002-6691-795X; Engels, Stefan/0000-0002-2078-0361; Porinchu, David/0000-0002-0495-3082; Luoto, Tomi/0000-0001-6925-3688Russian Science Foundation [16-17-10118]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DI 655/9-1, NA 760/5-1]; York University; NSF [1454734]; Russian Science Foundation [19-17-13017] Funding Source: Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(German Research Foundation (DFG)); York University; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF))Russian Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 16-17-10118; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: DI 655/9-1 and NA 760/5-1; York University; NSF, Grant/Award Number: 1454734983030<180 Day Usage Count>452WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1354-10131365-2486GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLGlob. Change Biol.MAR202026311551169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14862http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.148622019-11-01 00:00:0015Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyKS0ZZ31596997Green Accepted, Bronze2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0004936615000010 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0393-5
Widespread loss of lake ice around the Northern Hemisphere in a warming world
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGETRENDS; PHENOLOGY; COVER; VARIABILITY; EVAPORATION; CLIMATESharma, S; Blagrave, K; Magnuson, JJ; O'Reilly, CM; Oliver, S; Batt, RD; Magee, MR; Straile, D; Weyhenmeyer, GA; Winslow, L; Woolway, RISharma, Sapna; Blagrave, Kevin; Magnuson, John J.; O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Oliver, Samantha; Batt, Ryan D.; Magee, Madeline R.; Straile, Dietmar; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Winslow, Luke; Woolway, R. IestynEnglishIce provides a range of ecosystem services-including fish harvest(1), cultural traditions(2), transportation(3), recreation(4) and regulation of the hydrological cycle(5)-to more than half of the world's 117 million lakes. One of the earliest observed impacts of climatic warming has been the loss of freshwater ice(6), with corresponding climatic and ecological consequences(7). However, while trends in ice cover phenology have been widely documented(2,6,8,9), a comprehensive large-scale assessment of lake ice loss is absent. Here, using observations from 513 lakes around the Northern Hemisphere, we identify lakes vulnerable to ice-free winters. Our analyses reveal the importance of air temperature, lake depth, elevation and shoreline complexity in governing ice cover. We estimate that 14,800 lakes currently experience intermittent winter ice cover, increasing to 35,300 and 230,400 at 2 and 8 degrees C, respectively, and impacting up to 394 and 656 million people. Our study illustrates that an extensive loss of lake ice will occur within the next generation, stressing the importance of climate mitigation strategies to preserve ecosystem structure and function, as well as local winter cultural heritage.[Sharma, Sapna; Blagrave, Kevin] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Magnuson, John J.; Magee, Madeline R.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [O'Reilly, Catherine M.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Normal, IL 61761 USA; [Oliver, Samantha] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI USA; [Batt, Ryan D.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA; [Magee, Madeline R.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA; [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Constance, Germany; [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, Sweden; [Winslow, Luke] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Biol Sci, Troy, NY USA; [Woolway, R. Iestyn] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, EnglandYork University - Canada; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Illinois State University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Rutgers State University New Brunswick; University of KonstanzSharma, S (corresponding author), York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada.sapna.sharma23@gmail.comWeyhenmeyer, Gesa/Y-6135-2019; Straile, Dietmar/A-4065-2008Weyhenmeyer, Gesa/0000-0002-4013-2281; Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Winslow, Luke/0000-0002-8602-5510; Magee, Madeline/0000-0002-2741-2262; Sharma, Sapna/0000-0003-4571-2768; Blagrave, Kevin/0000-0002-2089-8589; O'Reilly, Catherine/0000-0001-9685Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award; York University Research Chair programme; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (NSF) [DEB-1440297]; Global Lake Ecological Observatory NetworkOntario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award; York University Research Chair programme; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center; North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (NSF); Global Lake Ecological Observatory NetworkWe are indebted to the numerous data providers who shared and updated their ice phenology records for the National Snow and Ice Data Center Lake and River Ice Phenology database. We thank A. Kuthakumar, T. Sadid and A. Shuvo for gathering lake morphology data from the literature. Funding was provided to S.S. by the Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science Early Researcher Award, York University Research Chair programme and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. S.O. was partially supported by funding from the Department of the Interior Northeast Climate Science Center. Most data used in this manuscript are publicly available. The lake ice records were made available through the Long Term Ecological Research Network. In addition, the North Temperate Lakes Long Term Ecological Research (NSF number DEB-1440297) programme provided data, funding and participation support for this project. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. This work was supported by the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network. We thank K. Jankowski for constructive comments that improved the manuscript.34213224<180 Day Usage Count>27154NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.MAR201993227+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0393-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0393-56Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHM6JEYN2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004595793000190 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNunavuthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21759-3
Emerging dominance of summer rainfall driving High Arctic terrestrial-aquatic connectivity
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSBeel, CR; Heslop, JK; Orwin, JF; Pope, MA; Schevers, AJ; Hung, JKY; Lafreniere, MJ; Lamoureux, SFBeel, C. R.; Heslop, J. K.; Orwin, J. F.; Pope, M. A.; Schevers, A. J.; Hung, J. K. Y.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Lamoureux, S. F.EnglishHydrological transformations induced by climate warming are causing Arctic annual fluvial energy to shift from skewed (snowmelt-dominated) to multimodal (snowmelt- and rainfall-dominated) distributions. We integrated decade-long hydrometeorological and biogeochemical data from the High Arctic to show that shifts in the timing and magnitude of annual discharge patterns and stream power budgets are causing Arctic material transfer regimes to undergo fundamental changes. Increased late summer rainfall enhanced terrestrial-aquatic connectivity for dissolved and particulate material fluxes. Permafrost disturbances (<3% of the watersheds' areal extent) reduced watershed-scale dissolved organic carbon export, offsetting concurrent increased export in undisturbed watersheds. To overcome the watersheds' buffering capacity for transferring particulate material (309 Watt), rainfall events had to increase by an order of magnitude, indicating the landscape is primed for accelerated geomorphological change when future rainfall magnitudes and consequent pluvial responses exceed the current buffering capacity of the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Climate warming is causing annual Arctic fluvial energy budgets to shift seasonality from snowmelt-dominated to snowmelt- and rainfall-dominated hydrological regimes, enhancing late summer and fall terrestrial-aquatic connectivity and higher material fluxes.[Beel, C. R.; Heslop, J. K.; Orwin, J. F.; Pope, M. A.; Schevers, A. J.; Hung, J. K. Y.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Lamoureux, S. F.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Beel, C. R.] Govt Northwest Terr, Water Management & Monitoring Environm & Nat Reso, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Heslop, J. K.] Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam GFZ, German Res Ctr Geosci, Sect 3 7 Geomicrobiol, Potsdam, Germany; [Orwin, J. F.] Govt Alberta, Alberta Environm & Pk, Resource Stewardship Div, Calgary, AB, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for GeosciencesBeel, CR (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON, Canada.;Beel, CR (corresponding author), Govt Northwest Terr, Water Management & Monitoring Environm & Nat Reso, Yellowknife, NT, Canada.Casey_Beel@gov.nt.caLafreniere, Melissa/0000-0002-9639-6825; Beel, Casey/0000-0001-6191-9019; Orwin, John F/0000-0001-5683-4723; Hung, Jacqueline/0000-0001-5245-0896Government of Canada International Polar Year (IPY); Natural Resources and Engineering Council (NSERC); ArcticNet; Hamlet of ResoluteGovernment of Canada International Polar Year (IPY); Natural Resources and Engineering Council (NSERC); ArcticNet; Hamlet of ResoluteWe thank: past and present members of the CBAWO team for assisting in data collection; S. Liebner, S. Tank, and M. Turetsky for pre-submission feedback on an earlier version of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by ArcticNet, Government of Canada International Polar Year (IPY) and Natural Resources and Engineering Council (NSERC) grants to S.F.L. and M.J.L. Field logistics were provided by the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP), Natural Resources Canada. We thank the Hamlet of Resolute for their permission and support for conducting research at the CBAWO.601919<180 Day Usage Count>420NATURE RESEARCHBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.MAR 42021121
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21759-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21759-39Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsQS8GK33664252Green Accepted, Green Published, gold, Green Submitted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0006261318000180 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTNunavuthttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13658-9
Climate and permafrost effects on the chemistry and ecosystems of High Arctic Lakes
ArticleSCIENTIFIC REPORTSMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; MELVILLE-ISLAND; ACTIVE LAYER; CAPE BOUNTY; DISTURBANCE; IMPACTS; EXPORT; FISHRoberts, KE; Lamoureux, SF; Kyser, TK; Muir, DCG; Lafreniere, MJ; Iqaluk, D; Pienkowski, AJ; Normandeau, ARoberts, K. E.; Lamoureux, S. F.; Kyser, T. K.; Muir, D. C. G.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Iqaluk, D.; Pienkowski, A. J.; Normandeau, A.EnglishPermafrost exerts an important control over hydrological processes in Arctic landscapes and lakes. Recent warming and summer precipitation has the potential to alter water availability and quality in this environment through thermal perturbation of near surface permafrost and increased mobility of previously frozen solutes to Arctic freshwaters. We present a unique thirteen-year record (2003-16) of the physiochemical properties of two High Arctic lakes and show that the concentration of major ions, especially SO42-, has rapidly increased up to 500% since 2008. This hydrochemical change hasoccurred synchronously in both lakes and ionic ratio changes in the lakes indicate that the source for the SO(4)(2-)is compositionally similar to terrestrial sources arising from permafrost thaw. Recordsummer temperatures during this period (2003-16) following over 100 years of warming and summer precipitation in this polar desert environment provide likely mechanisms for this rapid chemical change. An abrupt limnological change is also reflected in the otolith chemistry and improved relative condition of resident Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and increased diatom diversity point to a positive ecosystem response during the same period.[Roberts, K. E.; Lamoureux, S. F.; Lafreniere, M. J.; Normandeau, A.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Kyser, T. K.] Queens Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Geol Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Muir, D. C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON, Canada; [Pienkowski, A. J.] MacEwan Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada; [Pienkowski, A. J.] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Anglesey LL59 5AB, England; [Normandeau, A.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Nat Resources Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, CanadaQueens University - Canada; Queens University - Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Bangor University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of CanadaLamoureux, SF (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.scott.lamoureux@queensu.caPieńkowski, Anna J./AAL-1312-2020; Muir, Derek/AAD-7526-2021Pieńkowski, Anna J./0000-0002-3606-7130; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Normandeau, Alexandre/0000-0001-7900-7763; Lafreniere, Melissa/0000-0002-9639-6825NSERC; ArcticNet; Canadian International Polar Year Program; Quaternary Research Association; Linnean Society of London; FQRNT PDFNSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); ArcticNet; Canadian International Polar Year Program; Quaternary Research Association; Linnean Society of London; FQRNT PDF(FQRNT)Funding for this research was provided by NSERC, ArcticNet, and the Canadian International Polar Year Program. AP was supported by the Quaternary Research Association and the Linnean Society of London, and AN by a FQRNT PDF. Field logistics were provided by Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP), Natural Resources Canada.433838<180 Day Usage Count>135NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND2045-2322SCI REP-UKSci RepOCT 1620177
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13658-9http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13658-98Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsFJ8VZ29038475gold, Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0004130480001030 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTPolar regionshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4
Permafrost is warming at a global scale
ArticleNATURE COMMUNICATIONSSEASONAL SNOW COVER; THERMAL STATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE-LAYER; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; STABILITYBiskaborn, BK; Smith, SL; Noetzli, J; Matthes, H; Vieira, G; Streletskiy, DA; Schoeneich, P; Romanovsky, VE; Lewkowicz, AG; Abramov, A; Allard, M; Boike, J; Cable, WL; Christiansen, HH; Delaloye, R; Diekmann, B; Drozdov, D; Etzelmuller, B; Grosse, G; Guglielmin, M; Ingeman-Nielsen, T; Isaksen, K; Ishikawa, M; Johansson, M; Johannsson, H; Joo, A; Kaverin, D; Kholodov, A; Konstantinov, P; Kroger, T; Lambiel, C; Lanckman, JP; Luo, DL; Malkova, G; Meiklejohn, I; Moskalenko, N; Oliva, M; Phillips, M; Ramos, M; Sannel, ABK; Sergeev, D; Seybold, C; Skryabin, P; Vasiliev, A; Wu, QB; Yoshikawa, K; Zheleznyak, M; Lantuit, HBiskaborn, Boris K.; Smith, Sharon L.; Noetzli, Jeannette; Matthes, Heidrun; Vieira, Goncalo; Streletskiy, Dmitry A.; Schoeneich, Philippe; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Abramov, Andrey; Allard, Michel; Boike, Julia; Cable, William L.; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Delaloye, Reynald; Diekmann, Bernhard; Drozdov, Dmitry; Etzelmueller, Bernd; Grosse, Guido; Guglielmin, Mauro; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas; Isaksen, Ketil; Ishikawa, Mamoru; Johansson, Margareta; Johannsson, Halldor; Joo, Anseok; Kaverin, Dmitry; Kholodov, Alexander; Konstantinov, Pavel; Kroeger, Tim; Lambiel, Christophe; Lanckman, Jean-Pierre; Luo, Dongliang; Malkova, Galina; Meiklejohn, Ian; Moskalenko, Natalia; Oliva, Marc; Phillips, Marcia; Ramos, Miguel; Sannel, A. Britta K.; Sergeev, Dmitrii; Seybold, Cathy; Skryabin, Pavel; Vasiliev, Alexander; Wu, Qingbai; Yoshikawa, Kenji; Zheleznyak, Mikhail; Lantuit, HuguesEnglishPermafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafrost regions for the period since the International Polar Year (2007-2009). During the reference decade between 2007 and 2016, ground temperature near the depth of zero annual amplitude in the continuous permafrost zone increased by 0.39 +/- 0.15 degrees C. Over the same period, discontinuous permafrost warmed by 0.20 +/- 0.10 degrees C. Permafrost in mountains warmed by 0.19 +/- 0.05 degrees C and in Antarctica by 0.37 +/- 0.10 degrees C. Globally, permafrost temperature increased by 0.29 +/- 0.12 degrees C. The observed trend follows the Arctic amplification of air temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere. In the discontinuous zone, however, ground warming occurred due to increased snow thickness while air temperature remained statistically unchanged.[Biskaborn, Boris K.; Matthes, Heidrun; Boike, Julia; Cable, William L.; Grosse, Guido; Lantuit, Hugues] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Smith, Sharon L.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Noetzli, Jeannette; Phillips, Marcia] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland; [Vieira, Goncalo] Univ Lisbon, CEG IGOT, P-1600276 Lisbon, Portugal; [Streletskiy, Dmitry A.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA; [Schoeneich, Philippe] Inst Geog Alpine, F-38100 Grenoble, France; [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Kholodov, Alexander; Yoshikawa, Kenji] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Abramov, Andrey; Kholodov, Alexander] RAS, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Moscow 142290, Russia; [Allard, Michel] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Christiansen, Hanne H.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Delaloye, Reynald] Univ Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; [Diekmann, Bernhard; Grosse, Guido; Lantuit, Hugues] Univ Potsdam, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany; [Drozdov, Dmitry; Malkova, Galina; Moskalenko, Natalia; Vasiliev, Alexander] SB RAS, Tyumen Sci Ctr, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Tyumen 625000, Russia; [Etzelmueller, Bernd] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, -0316 Oslo, Norway; [Guglielmin, Mauro] Insubria Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Sci, I-21100 Varese, Italy; [Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; [Isaksen, Ketil] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, N-0313 Oslo, Norway; [Ishikawa, Mamoru] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan; [Johansson, Margareta] Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Johannsson, Halldor; Joo, Anseok; Lanckman, Jean-Pierre] Arctic Portal, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland; [Kaverin, Dmitry] RAS, Komi Sci Ctr, Syktyvkar 167972, Russia; [Konstantinov, Pavel; Skryabin, Pavel; Zheleznyak, Mikhail] RAS, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Yakutsk 677010, Russia; [Kroeger, Tim] Free Univ Berlin, Geog Dept, D-12249 Berlin, Germany; [Lambiel, Christophe] Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; [Luo, Dongliang; Wu, Qingbai] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resource, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China; [Meiklejohn, Ian] Rhodes Univ, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa; [Oliva, Marc] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona 08001, Spain; [Ramos, Miguel] Univ Alcala, Madrid 28801, Spain; [Sannel, A. Britta K.] Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Sergeev, Dmitrii] RAS, Inst Environm Geosci, Moscow 101000, Russia; [Seybold, Cathy] Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA; [Vasiliev, Alexander] Tyumen State Univ, Tyumen 625003, RussiaHelmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Universidade de Lisboa; George Washington University; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Ottawa; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research (PSCBI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physicohemical & Biological Problems of Soil Science; Laval University; Humboldt University of Berlin; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); University of Fribourg; University of Potsdam; Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Oslo; University of Insubria; Technical University of Denmark; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; Hokkaido University; Lund University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Free University of Berlin; University of Lausanne; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Rhodes University; University of Barcelona; Universidad de Alcala; Stockholm University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience; Tyumen State UniversityBiskaborn, BK (corresponding author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.boris.biskaborn@awi.deVarlamov, Stepan/V-9370-2018; Phillips, Marcia/AAJ-7502-2020; Isaksen, Ketil/C-6493-2011; Vasiliev, Alexander/AAQ-4558-2020; Noetzli, Jeannette/ABA-4132-2020; Vieira, Goncalo/G-5958-2010; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas/AAS-7397-2020; Oliva, Marc/K-5423-2014; Luo, Dongliang/Q-9637-2016; Biskaborn, Boris K./D-2419-2011; Andrey, Abramov/AAL-5410-2020; Zheleznyak, Mikhail/J-2544-2018; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Lantuit, Hugues/ABC-8692-2020; Meiklejohn, Ian/F-3183-2012; Abramov, Andrey/A-2705-2012; Matthes, Heidrun/N-1833-2018; Streletskiy, Dmitry/C-3333-2017Varlamov, Stepan/0000-0003-2021-9686; Phillips, Marcia/0000-0001-9802-0365; Noetzli, Jeannette/0000-0001-9188-6318; Vieira, Goncalo/0000-0001-7611-3464; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas/0000-0002-0776-4869; Oliva, Marc/0000-0001-6521-6388; Luo, Dongliang/0000-0001-5844-3638; Biskaborn, Boris K./0000-0003-2378-0348; Zheleznyak, Mikhail/0000-0003-4124-6579; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Lantuit, Hugues/0000-0003-1497-6760; Meiklejohn, Ian/0000-0001-8890-2938; Vasiliev, Alexander/0000-0001-5483-8456; Delaloye, Reynald/0000-0002-2037-2018; Abramov, Andrey/0000-0002-3602-1159; Malkova, Galina/0000-0003-1049-9792; Lewkowicz, Antoni/0000-0002-9307-2147; Matthes, Heidrun/0000-0001-9913-7696; Streletskiy, Dmitry/0000-0003-2563-2664; Yoshikawa, Kenji/0000-0001-5935-2041; Kaverin, Dmitry/0000-0003-2559-2340; Diekmann, Bernhard/0000-0001-5129-3649; Romanovsky, Vladimir/0000-0002-9515-2087International Permafrost Association; AGAUR ANTALP (Catalonia) [2017-SGR-1102]; BMBF PALMOD (Germany) [01LP1510D]; ERC PETA-CARB (EU) [338335]; FCT (Portugal) [PERMANTAR2017-18/PROPOLAR]; Formas (Sweden) [214-2014-562]; HGF COPER (Germany) [VH-NG-801]; Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk (EU) [773421]; JSPS KAKENHI (Japan) [25350416, 21310001]; MESC (Russia) [RFMEFI58718X0048, 14.587.21.0048-SODEEP]; MeteoSwiss (Switzerland); FOEN (Switzerland); SCNAT (Switzerland); Natural Resources Canada; NNSF (China) [41690144, 41671060]; NRC TSP (Norway) [176033/S30, 157837/V30, 185987/V30]; NSERC (Canada) [2014-04084, 2015-05411]; NSF OPP [1304271, 1304555, 1836377]; ICER (USA) [1558389, 1717770]; PNRA (Italy) [16_00194]; Ramon y Cajal (Spain) [RYC-2015-17597]; RAS PP (Russia) [15, 51, 55]; RAS GP (Russia) [AAAA-A18-118022190065-1, 18-218012490093-1]; RFBR (Russia) [18-05-60004, 18-55-11003, 16-05-00249, 16-45-890257-YaNAO, 18-55-11005 AF_t(ClimEco), 18-05-60222-Arctica]; RSCF (Russia) [16-17-00102]; National Research Foundation, SNA (South Africa) [14070874451]; Russian Science Foundation [19-17-11003, 16-17-00102] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21310001] Funding Source: KAKENInternational Permafrost Association; AGAUR ANTALP (Catalonia); BMBF PALMOD (Germany)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); ERC PETA-CARB (EU); FCT (Portugal)(Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission); Formas (Sweden)(Swedish Research Council Formas); HGF COPER (Germany); Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk (EU); JSPS KAKENHI (Japan)(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)); MESC (Russia); MeteoSwiss (Switzerland); FOEN (Switzerland); SCNAT (Switzerland); Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service); NNSF (China)(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); NRC TSP (Norway); NSERC (Canada)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSF OPP(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); ICER (USA); PNRA (Italy); Ramon y Cajal (Spain)(Spanish Government); RAS PP (Russia); RAS GP (Russia); RFBR (Russia)(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); RSCF (Russia); National Research Foundation, SNA (South Africa); Russian Science Foundation(Russian Science Foundation (RSF)); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI))This research would not have been possible without the long-term commitment of all observers to site maintenance, data collection, and their willingness to share permafrost borehole data. All data were compiled by the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P). We thank the International Permafrost Association for financial support. We thank Jerry Brown for initiating the borehole metadata collection and Christina Roolfs for mathematical review. This research was supported by grants from (in alphabetical order) AGAUR ANTALP #2017-SGR-1102 (Catalonia); BMBF PALMOD #01LP1510D (Germany); ERC PETA-CARB #338335 (EU); FCT #PERMANTAR2017-18/PROPOLAR (Portugal); Formas #214-2014-562 (Sweden); HGF COPER #VH-NG-801 (Germany); Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk #773421 (EU); JSPS KAKENHI #25350416, #21310001 (Japan); MESC #RFMEFI58718X0048, #14.587.21.0048-SODEEP (Russia); MeteoSwiss in the framework of GCOS Switzerland, FOEN and SCNAT for the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network PERMOS (Switzerland); Natural Resources Canada; NNSF #41690144, #41671060 (China); NRC TSP #176033/S30, #157837/V30, #176033/S30, #185987/V30 (Norway); NSERC #2014-04084, #2015-05411 (Canada); NSF OPP #1304271, #1304555 #1836377; ICER #1558389, #1717770 (USA); PNRA #16_00194 (Italy); Ramon y Cajal #RYC-2015-17597 (Spain); RAS PP #15, #51, #55, GP #AAAA-A18-118022190065-1, #18-218012490093-1 (Russia); RFBR #18-05-60004, #18-55-11003, #16-05-00249, #16-45-890257-YaNAO, #18-55-11005 AF_t(ClimEco), #18-05-60222-Arctica (Russia); RSCF #16-17-00102 (Russia); National Research Foundation, SNA #14070874451 (South Africa).53644666<180 Day Usage Count>98434NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY2041-1723NAT COMMUNNat. Commun.JAN 16201910
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08240-411Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other TopicsHH5JR30651568gold, Green Published, Green AcceptedYN2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0004557629000080 YOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTWestern Canadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6178
Atmospheric drivers of winter above-freezing temperatures and associated rainfall in western Canada
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGYabove-freezing temperatures; conditional probability; self-organizing maps; snowmelt; synoptic climatology; Western Canada; winter rainfall; winter thawFREQUENCY VARIABILITY MODES; HYDRO-CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; PEACE RIVER-BASIN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS; HYDROCLIMATIC VARIABLES; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY; PRECIPITATION PHASENewton, BW; Bonsal, BR; Edwards, TWD; Prowse, TD; McGregor, GRNewton, Brandi W.; Bonsal, Barrie R.; Edwards, Thomas W. D.; Prowse, Terry D.; McGregor, Glenn R.EnglishWinter thaw episodes, especially when accompanied by rain, can significantly deplete the winter snowpack, which is a critical water storage component in the mountainous headwater regions of the major river basins of western Canada. Here we identify the characteristic synoptic-scale mid-tropospheric atmospheric circulation regimes that tend to foster such extreme hydrologic events using self-organizing map analysis of meteorological reanalysis data from 1949 to 2012. Daily winter 500hPa geopotential height fields over the Pacific Ocean and western Canada are classified into 12 dominant synoptic types, for which conditional probabilities of above-freezing temperatures and rainfall are then calculated and mapped using daily high-resolution gridded data. Results show that above-freezing surface air temperatures and rain events in winter are commonly associated with the occurrence of a ridge of high pressure over western Canada, which induces southwesterly advection of relatively warm, moist maritime air masses into the continental interior, and that the intensity and spatial footprint of the surface climate response is related to the strength and position of the ridge. Conversely, the development of a ridge of high pressure over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent trough of low pressure over western Canada, which favours northwesterly to westerly mid-tropospheric flow over the continental interior in winter, tends to suppress the occurrence of above-freezing temperatures and rain. The synoptic type most strongly associated with winter thaw and rain events underwent a statistically significant step-change increase in mean frequency in 1977, accompanied by a corresponding step-change decrease in the frequency of the dominant synoptic type depicting westerly (zonal) circulation, coinciding with a well-documented shift to a positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.[Newton, Brandi W.; Prowse, Terry D.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Newton, Brandi W.] Alberta Environm & Pk, Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, 3535 Res Rd NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada; [Bonsal, Barrie R.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Edwards, Thomas W. D.] Univ Waterloo, Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Prowse, Terry D.] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Water & Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada; [McGregor, Glenn R.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, EnglandUniversity of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of Waterloo; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Durham UniversityNewton, BW (corresponding author), Alberta Environm & Pk, Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, 3535 Res Rd NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada.brandi.newton@gov.ab.caNewton, Brandi/0000-0001-6554-6782Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaEnvironment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Environment and Climate Change Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada9322<180 Day Usage Count>17WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0899-84181097-0088INT J CLIMATOLInt. J. Climatol.DEC2019391556555671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.6178http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.617817Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesJS0KWGreen Accepted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005000042000070 NOut-of-RangeScope beyond NWTWestern Canadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080942
Heterogeneous Changes in Western North American Glaciers Linked to Decadal Variability in Zonal Wind Strength
ArticleGEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERSglacier change; mass balance; zonal windMASS-BALANCE MEASUREMENTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WATER-RESOURCES; CASCADE RANGE; PEYTO GLACIER; CLIMATE; CANADA; WASHINGTON; STREAMFLOWMenounos, B; Hugonnet, R; Shean, D; Gardner, A; Howat, I; Berthier, E; Pelto, B; Tennant, C; Shea, J; Noh, MJ; Brun, F; Dehecq, AMenounos, B.; Hugonnet, R.; Shean, D.; Gardner, A.; Howat, I.; Berthier, E.; Pelto, B.; Tennant, C.; Shea, J.; Noh, Myoung-Jong; Brun, F.; Dehecq, A.EnglishWestern North American (WNA) glaciers outside of Alaska cover 14,384km(2) of mountainous terrain. No comprehensive analysis of recent mass change exists for this region. We generated over 15,000 multisensor digital elevation models from spaceborne optical imagery to provide an assessment of mass change for WNA over the period 2000-2018. These glaciers lost 11742gigatons (Gt) of mass, which accounts for up to 0.320.11mm of sea level rise over the full period of study. We observe a fourfold increase in mass loss rates between 2000-2009 [-2.93.1Gt yr(-1)] and 2009-2018 [-12.34.6Gt yr(-1)], and we attribute this change to a shift in regional meteorological conditions driven by the location and strength of upper level zonal wind. Our results document decadal-scale climate variability over WNA that will likely modulate glacier mass change in the future. Plain Language Summary Glaciers in western North America provide important thermal and flow buffering to streams when seasonal snowpack is depleted. We used spaceborne optical satellite imagery to produce thousands of digital elevation models to assess recent mass loss for glaciers in western North America outside of Alaska. Our analysis shows that glacier loss over the period 2009-2018 increased fourfold relative to the period 2000-2009. This mass change over the last 18years is partly explained by changes in atmospheric circulation. Our results can be used for future modeling studies to understand the fate of glaciers under future climate change scenarios.[Menounos, B.; Hugonnet, R.; Pelto, B.; Tennant, C.; Shea, J.] Univ British Columbia, Nat Resources & Environm Studies Inst, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Menounos, B.; Hugonnet, R.; Pelto, B.; Tennant, C.; Shea, J.] Univ British Columbia, Geog, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Hugonnet, R.; Berthier, E.] Univ Toulouse, LEGOS, CNES, CNRS,IRD,UPS, Toulouse, France; [Shean, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Gardner, A.; Dehecq, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA; [Howat, I.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Noh, Myoung-Jong] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Brun, F.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP,IGE, Grenoble, FranceUniversity of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et oceanographie spatiales; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)Menounos, B (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Nat Resources & Environm Studies Inst, Prince George, BC, Canada.;Menounos, B (corresponding author), Univ British Columbia, Geog, Prince George, BC, Canada.menounos@unbc.caBerthier, Etienne/B-8900-2009; Dehecq, Amaury/ABD-3344-2020; Pelto, Ben/ABH-4955-2020; Howat, Ian M/A-3474-2008Berthier, Etienne/0000-0001-5978-9155; Dehecq, Amaury/0000-0002-5157-1183; Pelto, Ben/0000-0002-3488-3599; Howat, Ian M/0000-0002-8072-6260; Menounos, Brian/0000-0002-3370-4392; Gardner, Alex/0000-0002-8394-8889; Hugonnet, Romain/0000-0002-0955-1306; Shean, David/0000-0003-3840-3860National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canadian Research Chairs Program; Tula Foundation (Hakai Institute); BC Hydro; Columbia Basin Trust; NASA; French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA program; National Park Service (NPS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; NASA JPL; U.S. National Science Foundation Polar Cyberinfrastructure (PLR) program [1542736]; United States Geological Survey (USGS); Tula Foundation Global Water Futures (Water Mountain Futures)National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canadian Foundation for Innovation(Canada Foundation for Innovation); Canadian Research Chairs Program(Canada Research Chairs); Tula Foundation (Hakai Institute); BC Hydro; Columbia Basin Trust; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA program; National Park Service (NPS); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center; NASA JPL(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); U.S. National Science Foundation Polar Cyberinfrastructure (PLR) program; United States Geological Survey (USGS)(United States Geological Survey); Tula Foundation Global Water Futures (Water Mountain Futures)This research was supported by grants from National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Canadian Research Chairs Program, the Tula Foundation (Hakai Institute) and Global Water Futures (Water Mountain Futures), BC Hydro, and the Columbia Basin Trust. Gardner and Dehecq were supported by funding from the NASA Cryosphere and MEaSUREs Programs. Berthier acknowledges support from the French Space Agency (CNES) through the TOSCA program. The Pleiades stereo pairs were provided by the Pleiades Glacier Observatory initiative (CNES). SPOT 5 HRS DEMs were made available by the International Polar Year SPIRIT project (CNES). Shean acknowledges support from the National Park Service (NPS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Resources supporting the CONUS DEM production were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. Menounos thanks NASA JPL for partial financial support during his sabbatical. DEM generation was supported by high-performance computer facilities at UNBC, Legos, Ohio State and the National Science Foundation. Howat and Noh were funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation Polar Cyberinfrastructure (PLR) program grant 1542736. WV DEMs for Canada were produced using an allocation from NSF Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE). We acknowledge the agencies (World Monitoring Glacier Survey, the United States Geological Survey, and Natural Resources of Canada) and key individuals (Mike Demuth, Mark Ednie, Andrew Fountain, Ed Josberger, Bob Krimmel, Shad O'Neel, Mauri Pelto, Jon Riedel, Erin Whorton, and Gordon Young) for their efforts to establish and maintain monitoring programs for WNA glaciers. Data used in this contribution are available from http://www.unbc.ca/research/supplementary-data-unbcpublications.We thank an anonymous referee and Laura Thomson for providing detailed reviews that improved our manuscript. Finally, we wish to dedicate this study to the memory of Graham Cogley who passed away during the writing of this manuscript. Menounos, Gardner, Berthier, and Shean collectively designed the study; Hugonnet and Menounos processed the ASTER DEMs and completed the trend and uncertainty analysis; and Menounos wrote the initial draft of the paper. Pelto, Tennant, and Shea compiled and analyzed in situ data. Shean tasked, acquired, and processed WV imagery for the conterminous United States, while Gardner, Howat, Menounos and Noh acquired and processed WV scenes from western Canada. Brun and Dehecq developed code used in our analysis. All authors discussed and commented on the manuscript. Author contributions and competing interests: none.685254<180 Day Usage Count>010AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA0094-82761944-8007GEOPHYS RES LETTGeophys. Res. Lett.JAN 162019461200209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080942http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL08094210Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyHJ1QJhybrid2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0004569386000220 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.006
Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change
ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFEExtreme environments; Climate change; Parasites; Nematodes; Phenotypic plasticity; Local adaptation; Evolutionary historyFREE-LIVING STAGES; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS NEMATODA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; THERMAL TOLERANCE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; DESICCATION SURVIVAL; INFECTIOUS-DISEASESAleuy, OA; Kutz, SAleuy, O. Alejandro; Kutz, S.EnglishClimate change is increasing weather unpredictability, causing more intense, frequent and longer extreme events including droughts, precipitation, and both heat and cold waves. The performance of parasites, and host-parasite interactions, under these unpredictable conditions, are directly influenced by the ability of parasites to cope with extremes and their capacity to adapt to the new conditions. Here, we review some of the structural, behavioural, life history and ecological characteristics of parasitic nematodes that allow them to persist and adapt to extreme and changing environmental conditions. We focus primarily, but not exclusively, on parasitic nematodes in the Arctic, where temperature extremes are pronounced, climate change is happening most rapidly, and changes in host-parasite interactions are already documented. We discuss how life-history traits, phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation and evolutionary history can influence the short and long term response of parasites to new conditions. A detailed understanding of the complex ecological processes involved in the survival of parasites in extreme and changing conditions is a fundamental step to anticipate the impact of climate change in parasite dynamics.[Aleuy, O. Alejandro; Kutz, S.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB, CanadaUniversity of CalgaryAleuy, OA (corresponding author), Hosp Dr Hlth Sci Ctr 2559, Calgary, AB, Canada.oaleuy@ucalgary.cakutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687; Aleuy, O. Alejandro/0000-0002-9239-2448Killam Predoctoral Scholarship; NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interaction Program; Alberta Conservation Association (ACA Grants in Biodiversity Program); Polar Knowledge Canada; NSERCKillam Predoctoral Scholarship; NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interaction Program; Alberta Conservation Association (ACA Grants in Biodiversity Program); Polar Knowledge Canada; NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC))Funding to support this research was provided by Killam Predoctoral Scholarship, NSERC CREATE Host-Parasite Interaction Program, the Alberta Conservation Association (ACA Grants in Biodiversity Program) grants to O. Alejandro Aleuy, and Polar Knowledge Canada and NSERC Discovery Grants to S. Kutz.1421212<180 Day Usage Count>623ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2213-2244INT J PARASITOL-PARInt. J. Parasitol.-Parasit. Wildl.AUG202012308317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.006http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.07.00610Ecology; ParasitologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ParasitologyOE9TO33101908gold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005808643000430 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00944-0
Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TROPICAL PEATLANDS; PERMAFROST CARBON; NUTRIENT ADDITION; METHANE EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACCUMULATION; STORAGELoisel, J; Gallego-Sala, AV; Amesbury, MJ; Magnan, G; Anshari, G; Beilman, DW; Benavides, JC; Blewett, J; Camill, P; Charman, DJ; Chawchai, S; Hedgpeth, A; Kleinen, T; Korhola, A; Large, D; Mansilla, CA; Muller, J; van Bellen, S; West, JB; Yu, Z; Bubier, JL; Garneau, M; Moore, T; Sannel, ABK; Page, S; Valiranta, M; Bechtold, M; Brovkin, V; Cole, LES; Chanton, JP; Christensen, TR; Davies, MA; De Vleeschouwer, F; Finkelstein, SA; Frolking, S; Galka, M; Gandois, L; Girkin, N; Harris, LI; Heinemeyer, A; Hoyt, AM; Jones, MC; Joos, F; Juutinen, S; Kaiser, K; Lacourse, T; Lamentowicz, M; Larmola, T; Leifeld, J; Lohila, A; Milner, AM; Minkkinen, K; Moss, P; Naafs, BDA; Nichols, J; O'Donnell, J; Payne, R; Philben, M; Piilo, S; Quillet, A; Ratnayake, AS; Roland, TP; Sjogersten, S; Sonnentag, O; Swindles, GT; Swinnen, W; Talbot, J; Treat, C; Valach, AC; Wu, JLoisel, J.; Gallego-Sala, A., V; Amesbury, M. J.; Magnan, G.; Anshari, G.; Beilman, D. W.; Benavides, J. C.; Blewett, J.; Camill, P.; Charman, D. J.; Chawchai, S.; Hedgpeth, A.; Kleinen, T.; Korhola, A.; Large, D.; Mansilla, C. A.; Muller, J.; van Bellen, S.; West, J. B.; Yu, Z.; Bubier, J. L.; Garneau, M.; Moore, T.; Sannel, A. B. K.; Page, S.; Valiranta, M.; Bechtold, M.; Brovkin, V; Cole, L. E. S.; Chanton, J. P.; Christensen, T. R.; Davies, M. A.; De Vleeschouwer, F.; Finkelstein, S. A.; Frolking, S.; Galka, M.; Gandois, L.; Girkin, N.; Harris, L., I; Heinemeyer, A.; Hoyt, A. M.; Jones, M. C.; Joos, F.; Juutinen, S.; Kaiser, K.; Lacourse, T.; Lamentowicz, M.; Larmola, T.; Leifeld, J.; Lohila, A.; Milner, A. M.; Minkkinen, K.; Moss, P.; Naafs, B. D. A.; Nichols, J.; O'Donnell, J.; Payne, R.; Philben, M.; Piilo, S.; Quillet, A.; Ratnayake, A. S.; Roland, T. P.; Sjogersten, S.; Sonnentag, O.; Swindles, G. T.; Swinnen, W.; Talbot, J.; Treat, C.; Valach, A. C.; Wu, J.EnglishPeatlands are impacted by climate and land-use changes, with feedback to warming by acting as either sources or sinks of carbon. Expert elicitation combined with literature review reveals key drivers of change that alter peatland carbon dynamics, with implications for improving models. The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland-carbon-climate nexus.[Loisel, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA; [Gallego-Sala, A., V; Amesbury, M. J.; Charman, D. J.; Roland, T. P.] Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter, Devon, England; [Amesbury, M. J.; Korhola, A.; Valiranta, M.; Juutinen, S.; Minkkinen, K.; Piilo, S.] Univ Helsinki, Ecosyst & Environm Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland; [Magnan, G.; Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Magnan, G.; Garneau, M.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Geotop Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Anshari, G.] Tanjungpura Univ, Environm & Soil Sci Dept, Pontianak, Indonesia; [Beilman, D. W.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geog & Environm, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; [Benavides, J. C.] Pontificial Xavierian Univ, Dept Ecol & Terr, Bogota, Colombia; [Blewett, J.; Naafs, B. D. A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Organ Geochem Unit, Bristol, Avon, England; [Blewett, J.; Naafs, B. D. A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol, Avon, England; [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA; [Chawchai, S.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Geol, Bangkok, Thailand; [Hedgpeth, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA; [Kleinen, T.; Brovkin, V] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany; [Large, D.] Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn Chem & Environm Engn, Nottingham, England; [Mansilla, C. A.] Univ Magallanes, Ctr Invest GAZA Antartica, Punta Arenas, Chile; [Muller, J.; Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Phys Inst, Climate & Environm Phys, Bern, Switzerland; [Muller, J.; Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland; [van Bellen, S.] Univ Montreal, Consortium Erudit, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [West, J. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecol & Conservat Biol, College Stn, TX USA; [Yu, Z.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA; [Yu, Z.] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Inst Peat & Mire Res, Changchun, Peoples R China; [Bubier, J. L.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Environm Studies, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA; [Moore, T.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sannel, A. B. K.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Page, S.] Univ Leicester, Sch Geog Geol & Environm, Leicester, Leics, England; [Bechtold, M.; Swinnen, W.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Leuven, Belgium; [Cole, L. E. S.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Sustainable Dev, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland; [Chanton, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA; [Christensen, T. R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Davies, M. A.; Finkelstein, S. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [De Vleeschouwer, F.] Inst Franco Argentino Estudio Clima & Sus Impacto, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina; [Frolking, S.; Treat, C.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Galka, M.] Univ Lodz, Dept Geobot & Plant Ecol, Lodz, Poland; [Gandois, L.] CNRS UPS INPT, UMR 5245, Lab Ecol Fonct & Environm, Toulouse, France; [Girkin, N.] Cranfield Univ, Cranfield Soil & Agrifood Inst, Cranfield, Beds, England; [Harris, L., I] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Heinemeyer, A.] Univ York, Stockholm Environm Inst, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Hoyt, A. M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany; [Hoyt, A. M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA; [Jones, M. C.] US Geol Survey, Florence Bascom Geosci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA; [Kaiser, K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine & Coastal Environm Sci, Galveston, TX USA; [Lacourse, T.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Lamentowicz, M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Climate Change Ecol Res Unit, Fac Geog & Geol Sci, Poznan, Poland; [Larmola, T.] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Helsinki, Finland; [Leifeld, J.] Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland; [Lohila, A.] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res, Helsinki, Finland; [Milner, A. M.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Geog, Egham, Surrey, England; [Minkkinen, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Moss, P.] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; [Nichols, J.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [O'Donnell, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC 20240 USA; [Payne, R.] Univ York, Dept Environm & Geog, York, N Yorkshire, England; [Philben, M.] Hope Coll, Dept Chem, Holland, MI 49423 USA; [Philben, M.] Hope Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Holland, MI 49423 USA; [Quillet, A.] Univ Reading, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Reading, Berks, England; [Ratnayake, A. S.] Uva Wellassa Univ, Dept Appl Earth Sci, Badulla, Sri Lanka; [Sjogersten, S.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biosci, Nottingham, England; [Sonnentag, O.; Talbot, J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Swindles, G. T.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Nat & Built Environm, Geog, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland; [Valach, A. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Wu, J.] Mem Univ, Dept Environm & Sustainabil, Grenfell Campus, Corner Brook, NF, CanadaTexas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Exeter; University of Helsinki; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Universitas Tanjungpura; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Bristol; University of Bristol; Bowdoin College; Bowdoin College; Chulalongkorn University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Max Planck Society; University of Nottingham; Universidad de Magallanes; University of Bern; University of Bern; Universite de Montreal; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Lehigh University; Northeast Normal University - China; Mount Holyoke College; McGill University; Stockholm University; University of Leicester; KU Leuven; University of St Andrews; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Aarhus University; University of Toronto; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Lodz; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute of Ecology & Environment (INEE); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Cranfield University; University of Alberta; University of York - UK; Max Planck Society; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Texas A&M University System; University of Victoria; Adam Mickiewicz University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope; University of Helsinki; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Helsinki; University of Queensland; Columbia University; United States Department of the Interior; University of York - UK; Hope College; Hope College; University of Reading; Uva Wellassa University; University of Nottingham; Universite de Montreal; Queens University Belfast; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Memorial University NewfoundlandLoisel, J (corresponding author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;Gallego-Sala, AV (corresponding author), Univ Exeter, Dept Geog, Exeter, Devon, England.julieloisel@tamu.edu; a.gallego-sala@exeterac.ukNaafs, Bernhard David/AFV-1912-2022; Brovkin, Victor/C-2803-2016; Finkelstein, Sarah/K-8202-2012; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/E-8784-2010; Heinemeyer, Andreas/GOP-0777-2022; Frolking, Steve/ABF-9046-2021; Anshari, Gusti/B-9214-2015; Chawchai, Sakonvan/GRF-2426-2022; Joos, Fortunat/B-4118-2018; Müller, Jurek/AAI-7820-2021; Harris, Lorna/L-4265-2019; van Bellen, Simon/AAK-9401-2021; Leifeld, Jens/A-3298-2014; Lacourse, Terri/G-5647-2012; Davies, Marissa/AAW-4003-2020; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018; Moss, Patrick/AFM-9408-2022; Roland, Thomas/B-4703-2013; Gallego-Sala, Angela/G-8770-2012; Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan/ABD-8541-2021; Leifeld, Jens/GYR-0349-2022; Kaiser, Karl/AHB-7688-2022; Cole, Lydia/M-6621-2013; Charman, Dan/K-9303-2014Naafs, Bernhard David/0000-0001-5125-6928; Brovkin, Victor/0000-0001-6420-3198; Finkelstein, Sarah/0000-0002-8239-399X; Lamentowicz, Mariusz/0000-0003-0429-1530; Frolking, Steve/0000-0001-6414-5004; Anshari, Gusti/0000-0001-9639-0266; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030; Müller, Jurek/0000-0001-9682-1900; Harris, Lorna/0000-0002-2637-4030; van Bellen, Simon/0000-0002-1698-8530; Leifeld, Jens/0000-0002-7245-9852; Lacourse, Terri/0000-0002-7559-5374; Davies, Marissa/0000-0003-1564-010X; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178; Roland, Thomas/0000-0002-9237-1364; Gallego-Sala, Angela/0000-0002-7483-7773; Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan/0000-0001-7871-2401; Leifeld, Jens/0000-0002-7245-9852; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Yu, Zicheng/0000-0003-2358-2712; Swindles, Graeme/0000-0001-8039-1790; Cole, Lydia/0000-0003-3198-6311; Philben, Michael/0000-0002-8598-9043; Korhola, Atte A./0000-0003-2577-6502; Garneau, Michelle/0000-0002-1956-9243; Benavides, Juan/0000-0002-9694-2195; Mansilla, Claudia A./0000-0003-4840-2845; West, Jason/0000-0002-7811-8020; Blewett, Jerome/0000-0003-4164-8084; Amesbury, Matthew/0000-0002-4667-003X; Galka, Mariusz/0000-0001-8906-944X; Charman, Dan/0000-0003-3464-4536Swiss National Science Foundation; International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA); Department of Geography at Texas AM University; Universidad Javeriana; National Science Foundation of the United States [1802838, 1019523, 1802825]; National Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom [NE/1012915, NE/S001166/1]; Attraction and Insertion of Advanced Human Capital Program of the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research of Chile; Geological Survey Land Resources Research and Development program of the United States; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Centre of Poland [2015/17/B/ST10/01656]; Academy of Finland [286731, 319262]; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research [1167019N]; Office of International Affairs and Global Network at Chulalongkorn University; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany; Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development and Development Oriented Research programs of the World Bank; Swiss National Science Foundation [200020_172476]; American National Science Foundation; NEXER-UMAG project [7718002]; NERC [NE/I012915/1, NE/S001166/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Academy of Finland (AKA) [319262, 286731] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA); Department of Geography at Texas AM University; Universidad Javeriana; National Science Foundation of the United States(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom; Attraction and Insertion of Advanced Human Capital Program of the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research of Chile; Geological Survey Land Resources Research and Development program of the United States; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); National Science Centre of Poland(National Science Centre, Poland); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research(Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS); Office of International Affairs and Global Network at Chulalongkorn University; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany(Alexander von Humboldt Foundation); Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development and Development Oriented Research programs of the World Bank; Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); American National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NEXER-UMAG project; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This work developed from the PAGES (Past Global Changes) C-PEAT (Carbon in Peat on EArth through Time) working group; we acknowledge support from PAGES funding by the American and Swiss National Science Foundations. We also thank the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) and the Department of Geography at Texas A&M University for workshop support. We thank P. Campbell for creating the peatland infographic, as well as D. McGuire for his comments on a previous version of the manuscript. We also acknowledge research support from Universidad Javeriana (J.C.B.); the National Science Foundation of the United States under grant nos. 1802838 (J. Loisel), 1019523 (J.L.B.) and 1802825 (C.T. and S.F.); the National Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom under grant nos. NE/1012915 and NE/S001166/1 (A.V.G.-S. and D.J.C.); the Attraction and Insertion of Advanced Human Capital Program of the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research of Chile and the NEXER-UMAG project under grant no. 7718002 (C.A.M.); the Geological Survey Land Resources Research and Development program of the United States (M.C.J.); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (M. Garneau, S.F., T. Lacourse and J.W.); the National Science Centre of Poland under grant no. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.L.); the Academy of Finland projects 286731 and 319262 (T. Larmola); the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research under grant no. 1167019N (W.S.); the Office of International Affairs and Global Network at Chulalongkorn University (S.C.); the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany (M.B.); the Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development and Development Oriented Research programs of the World Bank (A.S.R.); and the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant no. 200020_172476 (F.J. and J.M.).9698100<180 Day Usage Count>57204NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.JAN202111170+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00944-0http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00944-02020-12-01 00:00:0012Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesPO7ARGreen Published, Green Submitted, Green AcceptedYN2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0005989870000020 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004896
Global Meta-Analysis on the Relationship Between Mercury and Dissolved Organic Carbon in Freshwater Environments
ArticleJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCESmercury; dissolved organic carbon; meta-analysis; aquatic; biogeochemistry; spatiotemporalMETHYL MERCURY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; ELEVATED SULFATE; REDUCED SULFUR; STREAM WATER; METHYLMERCURY; MATTER; LAKES; BIOAVAILABILITYLavoie, RA; Amyot, M; Lapierre, JFLavoie, Raphael A.; Amyot, Marc; Lapierre, Jean-FrancoisEnglishIn freshwater ecosystems, several studies have shown a strong linear relationship between total mercury (THg) or methylmercury (MeHg) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Variations in this linear relationship have been reported, but the magnitude and causes of this variation are not well known. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify and understand the global variation of this mercury (Hg)-DOC association. This meta-analysis included 54 studies in lentic and lotic ecosystems for a total of 85 THg-DOC and 59 MeHg-DOC relationships. There was an increase in Hg with DOC concentrations in water with a global average slope of 0.25 (confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.35) ng/mg for THg and 0.029 (CI: 0.014-0.044) ng/mg for MeHg. Relationships were stronger for (1) North American studies, (2) natural environments compared to those disturbed by anthropogenic activities, (3) spatial studies compared to temporal studies, (4) filtered samples (THg only), and (5) the aromatic fraction of DOC compared to the bulk DOC. Coupling with DOC was stronger for THg than for MeHg. Ecosystem type (lentic vs. lotic), geographical coordinates, and publication year did not influence the strength of relationships. Overall, we show that there is a strong but variable coupling between carbon and mercury cycles in freshwater ecosystems globally and that this link is modulated regionally by geographic location, temporal scale, and human activity, with implications for understanding these rapidly changing biogeochemical processes in response to global change. Plain Language Summary In lakes and rivers, organic carbon is known to be a transporter of mercury, a toxic metal. However, depending on the chemistry of waterbodies, carbon can carry different amounts of mercury. This work compiled results of 54 scientific studies around the world looking at the correlation between mercury and organic carbon. We looked at the conditions that make this relationship vary. We found that relationships were almost always positive and that the type of carbon influenced the amount of mercury that was carried. The strength of those relationships was higher in natural ecosystems compared to those with human influence and in North American ecosystems compared to European and Asian ones. This work is important to understand the mechanism behind the association between mercury and carbon in different environments and how carbon can be used to explain variations in mercury, especially in a changing climate under human pressure.[Lavoie, Raphael A.; Amyot, Marc; Lapierre, Jean-Francois] Univ Montreal, GRIL, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Lavoie, Raphael A.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaUniversite de Montreal; Environment & Climate Change CanadaLavoie, RA (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, GRIL, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ, Canada.;Lavoie, RA (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.lavoie.raphael@gmail.comAmyot, Marc/A-7182-2008Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Lapierre, Jean-Francois/0000-0001-5862-7955; Lavoie, Raphael/0000-0003-3381-3254Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC; Canada Research Chair program (Canada Research Chair in Global Change Ecotoxicology)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Canada Research Chair program (Canada Research Chair in Global Change Ecotoxicology)The data supporting the conclusions can be obtained in the cited studies and in the supporting information. This research was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Collaborative Research and Training Experience Program in lake and fluvial ecology Ecolac to R. A. L., a NSERC Discovery grant to M. A. and J. F. L. M. A. acknowledge the support of the Canada Research Chair program (Canada Research Chair in Global Change Ecotoxicology). We thank Philippe Maisonneuve for helping with data extraction. We thank the scientists who published the studies used in this meta-analysis. The authors declare no conflict of interest.1163636<180 Day Usage Count>1974AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2169-89532169-8961J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEOJ. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.JUN2019124615081523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004896http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JG00489616Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyIM0ZYhybrid2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004777194000080 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137647
Recent advances in understanding and measurement of mercury in the environment: Terrestrial Hg cycling
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMethylmercury; Climate; Land-use; Land-atmosphere exchange; Streamflow; FoodGASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ORYZA-SATIVA-L.; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; INCREASES METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; WASTE RECYCLING AREA; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; METHYL-MERCURY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; SURFACE WATERSBishop, K; Shanley, JB; Riscassi, A; de Wit, HA; Eklof, K; Meng, B; Mitchell, C; Osterwalder, S; Schuster, PF; Webster, J; Zhu, WBishop, Kevin; Shanley, James B.; Riscassi, Ami; de Wit, Heleen A.; Eklof, Karin; Meng, Bo; Mitchell, Carl; Osterwalder, Stefan; Schuster, Paul F.; Webster, Jackson; Zhu, WeiEnglishThis review documents recent advances in terrestrial mercury cycling. Terrestrial mercury (Hg) research has matured in some areas, and is developing rapidly in others. We summarize the state of the science circa 2010 as a starting point, and then present the advances during the last decade in three areas: land use, sulfate deposition, and climate change. The advances are presented in the framework of three Hg gateways to the terrestrial environment: inputs from the atmosphere, uptake in food, and run off with surface water. Among the most notable advances: The Arctic has emerged as a hotbed of Hg cycling, with high stream fluxes and large stores of Hg poised for release from permafrost with rapid high-latitude warming. The bi-directional exchange of Hg between the atmosphere and terrestrial surfaces is better understood, thanks largely to interpretation from Hg isotopes; the latest estimates place land surface Hg re-emission lower than previously thought. Artisanal gold mining is now thought responsible for over half the global stream flux of Hg. There is evidence that decreasing inputs ofHg to ecosystems may bring recovery sooner than expected, despite large ecosystem stores of legacy Hg. Freshly deposited Hg is more likely than stored Hg to methylate and be incorporated in rice. Topography and hydrological connectivity have emerged as master variables for explaining the disparate response of THg and MeHg to forest harvest and other land disturbance. These and other advances reported here are of value in evaluating the effectiveness of theMinamata Convention on reducing environmental Hg exposure to humans and wildlife. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.[Bishop, Kevin; Eklof, Karin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; [Shanley, James B.] US Geol Survey, Box 628, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA; [Riscassi, Ami] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, POB 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA; [de Wit, Heleen A.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Gaustadalleen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; [Meng, Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China; [Mitchell, Carl] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, 1265 Mil Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; [Osterwalder, Stefan] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Inst Geosci Environm, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble 18 INP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; [Schuster, Paul F.] US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St,Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; [Webster, Jackson] Calif State Univ Chico, Dept Civil Engn, 400 W 1st St,21, Chico, CA 95929 USA; [Zhu, Wei] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, SwedenSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Virginia; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, CAS; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; California State University System; California State University Chico; Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBishop, K (corresponding author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Box 7050, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.kevin.bishop@slu.se; jshanley@usgs.gov; alr8m@virginia.edu; heleen.de.wit@niva.no; karin.eklof@slu.se; mengbo@vip.skleg.cn; carl.mitchell@utoronto.ca; stefan.osterwalder@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr; pschuste@usgs.gov; jwebster13@csuchico.edu; wei.zhu@slu.seBishop, Kevin H/C-7816-2012; Schuster, Paul/V-5965-2019; de Wit, Heleen A/ABE-9776-2020; Mitchell, Carl/A-7212-2008Bishop, Kevin H/0000-0002-8057-1051; Schuster, Paul/0000-0002-8314-1372; de Wit, Heleen A/0000-0001-5646-5390; Osterwalder, Stefan/0000-0001-8775-0813; Shanley, James/0000-0002-4234-3437; Mitchell, Carl/0000-0001-8538-51383845151<180 Day Usage Count>1397ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JUN 152020721
137647
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137647http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13764722Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyLR7TW32197286hybrid, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005359002000110 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00354-5
The determinants of planetary health: an Indigenous consensus perspective
ArticleLANCET PLANETARY HEALTHSOCIAL DETERMINANTS; GENERATIONRedvers, N; Celidwen, Y; Schultz, C; Horn, O; Githaiga, C; Vera, M; Perdrisat, M; Plume, LM; Kobei, D; Kain, MC; Poelina, A; Rojas, JN; Blondin, BRedvers, Nicole; Celidwen, Yuria; Schultz, Clinton; Horn, Ojistoh; Githaiga, Cicilia; Vera, Melissa; Perdrisat, Marlikka; Plume, Lynn Mad; Kobei, Daniel; Kain, Myrna Cunningham; Poelina, Anne; Rojas, Juan Nelson; Blondin, Be'shaEnglishIndigenous Peoples have resiliently weathered continued assaults on their sovereignty and rights throughout colonialism and its continuing effects. Indigenous Peoples' sovereignty has been strained by the increasing effects of global environmental change within their territories, including climate change and pollution, and by threats and impositions against their land and water rights. This continuing strain against sovereignty has prompted a call to action to conceptualise the determinants of planetary health from a perspective that embodied Indigenous-specific methods of knowledge gathering from around the globe. A group of Indigenous scholars, practitioners, land and water defenders, respected Elders, and knowledge-holders came together to define the determinants of planetary health from an Indigenous perspective. Three overarching levels of interconnected determinants, in addition to ten individual-level determinants, were identified as being integral to the health and sustainability of the planet, Mother Earth.[Redvers, Nicole; Plume, Lynn Mad] Univ North Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Indigenous Hlth, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA; [Redvers, Nicole; Blondin, Be'sha] Arctic Indigenous Wellness Fdn, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Celidwen, Yuria; Rojas, Juan Nelson] Pull Together Now, Lincoln, MT USA; [Schultz, Clinton] Bond Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Robina, Qld, Australia; [Horn, Ojistoh] McGill Univ, Dept Family Med, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Horn, Ojistoh] Queens Univ, Dept Family Med, Kingston, ON, Canada; [Githaiga, Cicilia] ABS Capac Dev Initiat, Eschborn, Germany; [Vera, Melissa] Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Perdrisat, Marlikka] Univ Sydney, Sydney Law Sch, Sydney, NSW, Australia; [Kobei, Daniel] Ogiek Peoples Dev Program, Egerton, Kenya; [Kain, Myrna Cunningham] El Fondo El Desarrollo Los Pueblos Indigenas Amer, La Paz, Bolivia; [Poelina, Anne] Univ Notre Dame Australia, Nulungu Res Inst, Broome, WA, Australia; [Rojas, Juan Nelson] Pipil Indigenous Council Firekeepers & Healers, Santa Tecla, El SalvadorUniversity of North Dakota Grand Forks; Bond University; McGill University; Queens University - Canada; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Sydney; University of Notre Dame AustraliaRedvers, N (corresponding author), Univ North Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Indigenous Hlth, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.nicole.redvers@und.eduRedvers, Nicole/AAD-2109-2020; Poelina, Anne/HJP-2923-2023; Redvers, Nicole/HCI-5707-2022Redvers, Nicole/0000-0001-8521-2130; Poelina, Anne/0000-0001-6461-7681; Schultz, Clinton/0000-0002-9593-1371; Celidwen, Yuria/0000-0002-6764-130X611617<180 Day Usage Count>612ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND2542-5196LANCET PLANET HEALTHLancet Planet. HealthFEB202262E156E163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00354-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00354-52022-02-01 00:00:008Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthYY6IF35150624goldYN2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007548910000150 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6d3a
Focus on changing fire regimes: interactions with climate, ecosystems, and society
Editorial MaterialENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSclimate change; management; society; feedbacks; wildfireFOREST-FIRE; UNITED-STATES; CARBON; EMISSIONS; SEVERITY; SMOKE; ACCELERATION; IMPACT; BURNRogers, BM; Balch, JK; Goetz, SJ; Lehmann, CER; Turetsky, MRogers, Brendan M.; Balch, Jennifer K.; Goetz, Scott J.; Lehmann, Caroline E. R.; Turetsky, MerrittEnglishFire is a complex Earth system phenomenon that fundamentally affects vegetation distributions, biogeochemical cycling, climate, and human society across most of Earth's land surface. Fire regimes are currently changing due to multiple interacting global change drivers, most notably climate change, land use, and direct human influences via ignition and suppression. It is therefore critical to better understand the drivers, patterns, and impacts of these changing fire regimes now and continuing into the future. Our review contributes to this focus issue by synthesizing results from 27 studies covering a broad range of topics. Studies are categorized into (i) Understanding contemporary fire patterns, drivers, and effects; (ii) Human influences on fire regimes; (iii) Changes in historical fire regimes; (iv) Future projections; (v) Novel techniques; and (vi) Reviews. We conclude with a discussion on progress made, major remaining research challenges, and recommended directions.[Rogers, Brendan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Balch, Jennifer K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Lehmann, Caroline E. R.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Lehmann, Caroline E. R.] Royal Bot Garden, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USAWoods Hole Research Center; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Northern Arizona University; University of Edinburgh; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderRogers, BM (corresponding author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.brogers@whrc.orgGoetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Lehmann, Caroline/ABD-5258-2021Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Rogers, Brendan/0000-0001-6711-8466National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [NNX15AU56A, NNX17AE44G]National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE)We thank the ERL editors for encouraging this focus issue on changing fire regimes, and the individual study authors for contributing. BMR and SJG were funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE grants NNX15AU56A and NNX17AE44G).1126969<180 Day Usage Count>531IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAR2020153
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6d3ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab6d3a11Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKW4WPGreen Published, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0005211670000010 YReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.007
A collaborative approach to bring insights from local observations of climate change impacts into global climate change research
ReviewCURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYTRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; CHANGE ADAPTATION; WORLD MAP; PERCEPTIONS; EXPERIENCE; COMMUNITY; CULTURE; NIGERReyes-Garcia, V; Garcia-del-Amo, D; Benyei, P; Fernandez-Llamazares, A; Gravani, K; Junqueira, AB; Labeyrie, V; Li, XY; Matias, DMS; McAlvay, A; Mortyn, PG; Porcuna-Ferrer, A; Schlingmann, A; Soleymani-Fard, RReyes-Garcia, Victoria; Garcia-del-Amo, David; Benyei, Petra; Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Gravani, Konstantina; Junqueira, Andre B.; Labeyrie, Vanesse; Li, Xiaoyue; Matias, Denise M. S.; McAlvay, Alex; Mortyn, Peter Graham; Porcuna-Ferrer, Anna; Schlingmann, Anna; Soleymani-Fard, RaminEnglishBringing insights from Indigenous and local knowledge into climate change research requires addressing the transferability, integration, and scalability of this knowledge. Using a review of research on place-based observations of climate change impacts, we explore ways to address these challenges. Our search mostly captured scientist-led qualitative research, which - while facilitating place-based knowledge transferability to global research - did not include locally led efforts documenting climate change impacts. We classified and organized qualitative multi-site place-based information into a hierarchical system that fosters dialogue with global research, providing an enriched picture of climate change impacts on local social-ecological systems. A network coordinating the scalability of place-based research on climate change impacts is needed to bring Indigenous and local knowledge into global research and policy agendas.[Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; [Reyes-Garcia, Victoria; Garcia-del-Amo, David; Benyei, Petra; Gravani, Konstantina; Junqueira, Andre B.; Li, Xiaoyue; Matias, Denise M. S.; Mortyn, Peter Graham; Porcuna-Ferrer, Anna; Schlingmann, Anna; Soleymani-Fard, Ramin] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; [Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci HELSUS, GCC, Helsinki, Finland; [Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Organismal & Evolutionary Biol Res Programme, Helsinki, Finland; [Labeyrie, Vanesse] UPR Green, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France; [Labeyrie, Vanesse] Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, GREEN, Montpellier, France; [Matias, Denise M. S.] Deutsch Inst Entwickl Polit DIE, German Dev Lnstitute, Bonn, Germany; [McAlvay, Alex] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Madison, WI USA; [McAlvay, Alex] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA; [Mortyn, Peter Graham] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geog, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainICREA; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; CIRAD; CIRAD; Universite de Montpellier; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Cornell University; Autonomous University of BarcelonaReyes-Garcia, V (corresponding author), ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.;Reyes-Garcia, V (corresponding author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.Victoria.reyes@uab.catFernández-Llamazares, Álvaro/ABA-6096-2021; Junqueira, Andre Braga/M-1142-2016; Labeyrie, Vanesse/AAF-7767-2021; Mortyn, P. Graham/I-3860-2015; Benyei, Petra/L-8575-2019; Garcia del Amo, David/GXM-6035-2022; /C-4552-2008Junqueira, Andre Braga/0000-0003-3681-1705; Mortyn, P. Graham/0000-0002-9473-4309; Benyei, Petra/0000-0001-7540-5772; Porcuna Ferrer, Anna/0000-0003-3887-9914; Matias, Denise Margaret/0000-0002-6047-1176; Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro/0000-0002-7813-0222; McAlvay, Alex C/0000-0001-7051-2018; /0000-0002-2914-8055; Garcia del Amo, David/0000-0002-0598-5465; Li, Xiaoyue/0000-0001-8059-1127; Soleymani-Fard, Ramin/0000-0001-8510-5845European Research Council (ERC) [771056-LICCI-ERC-2017-COG]; Spanish government through Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CSO2014-59704-P]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Maria de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in RD [MdM-2015-0552]European Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Spanish government through Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Maria de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in RD(Spanish Government)Research leading to this work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 771056-LICCI-ERC-2017-COG and from the Spanish government through a grant of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CSO2014-59704-P). Garci ' a-delAmo and Reyes-Garci ' a acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the Mari ' a de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (MdM-2015-0552). Thanks to M. Gueze for cartographical help.482425<180 Day Usage Count>627ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND1877-34351877-3443CURR OPIN ENV SUSTCurr. Opin. Environ. Sustain.AUG20193918
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.007http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.0078Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyJW1MQGreen Accepted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005028236000020 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4239
A State-of-the-Art Review of Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Pollution
ReviewINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENTEnvironmental justice; Health burdens; Indigenous knowledge; Pollution; Native AmericansPOLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HEALTH-RISKS; AMAZON BASIN; FISH CONSUMPTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ABORIGINAL PEOPLE; SOCIAL METABOLISMFernandez-Llamazares, A; Garteizgogeascoa, M; Basu, N; Brondizio, ES; Cabeza, M; Martinez-Alier, J; McElwee, P; Reyes-Garcia, VFernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Garteizgogeascoa, Maria; Basu, Niladri; Brondizio, Eduardo Sonnewend; Cabeza, Mar; Martinez-Alier, Joan; McElwee, Pamela; Reyes-Garcia, VictoriaEnglishIndigenous peoples (IPs) worldwide are confronted by the increasing threat of pollution. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature (n = 686 studies), we present the current state of knowledge on: 1) the exposure and vulnerability of IPs to pollution; 2) the environmental, health, and cultural impacts of pollution upon IPs; and 3) IPs' contributions to prevent, control, limit, and abate pollution from local to global scales. Indigenous peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion of commodity frontiers and industrial development, including agricultural, mining, and extractive industries, as well as urban growth, waste dumping, and infrastructure and energy development. Nevertheless, IPs are contributing to limit pollution in different ways, including through environmental monitoring and global policy advocacy, as well as through local resistance toward polluting activities. This work adds to growing evidence of the breadth and depth of environmental injustices faced by IPs worldwide, and we conclude by highlighting the need to increase IPs' engagement in environmental decision-making regarding pollution control. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:324-341. (c) 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)[Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Cabeza, Mar] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland; [Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro; Garteizgogeascoa, Maria; Cabeza, Mar] Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Organismal & Evolutionary Biol Res Programme, Global Change & Conservat, Helsinki, Finland; [Garteizgogeascoa, Maria] Univ Bremen, Artec Forschungszentrum Nachhaltigkeit, Bremen, Germany; [Basu, Niladri] McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Brondizio, Eduardo Sonnewend] Indiana Univ, Dept Anthropol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; [Martinez-Alier, Joan; Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Barcelona, Spain; [McElwee, Pamela] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, Dept Human Ecol, New Brunswick, NJ USA; [Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Helsinki; University of Helsinki; University of Bremen; McGill University; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Rutgers State University New Brunswick; ICREAFernandez-Llamazares, A (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Helsinki, Finland.;Fernandez-Llamazares, A (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Fac Biol & Environm Sci, Organismal & Evolutionary Biol Res Programme, Global Change & Conservat, Helsinki, Finland.alvaro.fernandez-llamazares@helsinki.fiMcElwee, Pamela/AAP-1695-2020; Fernández-Llamazares, Álvaro/ABA-6096-2021; Cabeza, Mar/ABC-4297-2020; /C-4552-2008McElwee, Pamela/0000-0003-3525-9285; Cabeza, Mar/0000-0002-7410-7631; Garteizgogeascoa, Maria/0000-0001-8357-4357; Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro/0000-0002-7813-0222; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037; Brondizio, Eduardo/0000-0001-9376-8366; Martinez-Alier, Joan/0000-0002-6124-539X; /0000-0002-2914-80553392626<180 Day Usage Count>963WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1551-37771551-3793INTEGR ENVIRON ASSESIntegr. Environ. Assess. Manag.MAY2020163324341
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4239http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ieam.423918Environmental Sciences; ToxicologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ToxicologyLB9TB31863549Green Published, hybrid, Green Accepted2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0005249700000040 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.002
Global patterns of adaptation to climate change by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. A systematic review
ReviewCURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYADAPTIVE CAPACITY; KNOWLEDGE; VULNERABILITY; NUNAVUT; FRAMEWORK; BARRIERS; HAZARDSSchlingmann, A; Graham, S; Benyei, P; Corbera, E; Sanesteban, IM; Marelle, A; Soleymani-Fard, R; Reyes-Garcia, VSchlingmann, Anna; Graham, Sonia; Benyei, Petra; Corbera, Esteve; Sanesteban, Irene Martinez; Marelle, Andrea; Soleymani-Fard, Ramin; Reyes-Garcia, VictoriaEnglishIndigenous Peoples and local communities have implemented myriad responses to deal with and mitigate climate change impacts. However, little effort has been invested in compiling, aggregating, and systematizing such responses to assess global patterns in local adaptation. Drawing on a systematic review of 119 peer-reviewed publications with 1851 reported local responses to climate change impacts, we show that Indigenous Peoples and local communities across the world apply a diverse portfolio of activities to address climate change impacts. While many responses involve changes to natural resource based livelihoods, about one-third of responses involve other activities (e.g. networking, off-farm work). Globally, local responses to climate change impacts are more likely to be shaped by people's livelihood than by the climate zone where they live.[Schlingmann, Anna; Benyei, Petra; Corbera, Esteve; Marelle, Andrea; Soleymani-Fard, Ramin; Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Barcelona 08193, Spain; [Graham, Sonia] Univ Wollongong, Sch Geog & Sustainable Communities, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [Corbera, Esteve; Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; [Corbera, Esteve] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Geog, Barcelona 08193, Spain; [Sanesteban, Irene Martinez] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Polit Sci & Publ Adm, Barcelona 08193, Spain; [Reyes-Garcia, Victoria] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Anthropol, Barcelona 08193, SpainAutonomous University of Barcelona; University of Wollongong; ICREA; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of BarcelonaSchlingmann, A (corresponding author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Ambientals, Barcelona 08193, Spain.anna.schlingmann@uab.catGraham, Sonia/G-4399-2012; Corbera, Esteve/C-5368-2015; /C-4552-2008Graham, Sonia/0000-0003-4195-4559; Corbera, Esteve/0000-0001-7970-4411; /0000-0002-2914-8055European Research Council (ERC) [771056-LICCI-ERC-2017-COG]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2017-SGR-775]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [CEX2019-000940-M]; Laboratory for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems in a Globalized world (LASEG), Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaEuropean Research Council (ERC)(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Generalitat de Catalunya(Generalitat de Catalunya); Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities(Spanish Government); Laboratory for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems in a Globalized world (LASEG), Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaResearch leading to this work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 771056-LICCI-ERC-2017-COG. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Laboratory for the Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems in a Globalized world (LASEG) , Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona and Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-775) . This work contributes to the Maria de Maetzu programme for Units of Excellence funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (CEX2019-000940-M) . Special thanks to Isha Thapa, Vanesse Labeyrie, Faustine Ruggieri, Xiaoyue Li, David Garcia del Amo and Miquel Mallo for their contribution to substantially improve this manuscript. Anna Schlingmann thanks the researchers of the Instituto de Ecologa Regional in Tucuman, Argentina,for their contribution to the classification of local adaptation in the agricultural system. We also thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and suggestions that helped to further improve the manuscript.651112<180 Day Usage Count>620ELSEVIER SCI LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND1877-34351877-3443CURR OPIN ENV SUSTCurr. Opin. Environ. Sustain.AUG2021515564
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.002http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.0022021-03-01 00:00:0010Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyUK2WA34422141Green Published, hybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006918341000080 YReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0058-6
Mountains, erosion and the carbon cycle
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTCHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; FOSSIL ORGANIC-CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONSUMPTION; MACKENZIE RIVER-BASIN; SULFIDE OXIDATION; MASS-BALANCE; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT DISCHARGE; LUQUILLO MOUNTAINSHilton, RG; West, AJHilton, Robert G.; West, A. JoshuaEnglishMountain building results in high erosion rates and the interaction of rocks with the atmosphere, water and life. Carbon transfers that result from increased erosion could control the evolution of Earth's long-term climate. For decades, attention has focused on the hypothesized role of mountain building in drawing down atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) via silicate weathering. However, it is now recognized that mountain building and erosion affect the carbon cycle in other important ways. For example, erosion mobilizes organic carbon (OC) from terrestrial vegetation, transferring it to rivers and sediments, and thereby acting to draw down atmospheric CO2 in tandem with silicate weathering. Meanwhile, exhumation of sedimentary rocks can release CO2 through the oxidation of rock OC and sulfide minerals. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms of carbon exchange between rocks and the atmosphere, and discuss the balance of CO2 sources and sinks. It is demonstrated that OC burial and oxidative weathering, not widely considered in most models, control the net CO2 budget associated with erosion. Lithology strongly influences the impact of mountain building on the global carbon cycle, with an orogeny dominated by sedimentary rocks, and thus abundant rock OC and sulfides, tending towards being a CO2 source. By increasing erosion, mountain building can steer the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and global climate. This Review expands from the canonical focus on silicate weathering to consider the net carbon budget of erosion, including both CO2 sinks (silicate weathering, organic-carbon burial) and CO2 sources (oxidative weathering).[Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England; [West, A. Joshua] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USADurham University; University of Southern CaliforniaHilton, RG (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.;West, AJ (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.r.g.hilton@durham.ac.uk; joshwest@usc.eduEuropean Research Council [678779]; Natural Environment Research Council, UK [NE/P013538/1]; US National Science Foundation [EAR-1455352, EAR-1640894]; NERC [NE/P013538/1] Funding Source: UKRIEuropean Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); Natural Environment Research Council, UK(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))R.G.H. was funded by a European Research Council Starting Grant (project #678779, ROC-CO 2) and a Natural Environment Research Council, UK, Standard Grant NE/P013538/1. A.J.W. was funded by US National Science Foundation grants EAR-1455352 and EAR-1640894. This Review was made possible by many stimulating discussions with colleagues, including at AGU, EGU and Goldschmidt conferences, and with students, postdocs and collaborators. Though there are too many individuals to mention, we have cited the work of many here.21696103<180 Day Usage Count>86188SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.JUN202016284299
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0058-6http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0058-616Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologySA6YNGreen AcceptedYN2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0006494477000060 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1381
Understanding rivers and their social relations: A critical step to advance environmental water management
ReviewWILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATERenvironmental flows; environmental water allocations; freshwater; rivers; social-ecological systemsECOSYSTEM SERVICES; FLOW REQUIREMENTS; COLORADO RIVER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FLOODPLAIN; PEOPLE; KNOWLEDGE; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; FISHAnderson, EP; Jackson, S; Tharme, RE; Douglas, M; Flotemersch, JE; Zwarteveen, M; Lokgariwar, C; Montoya, M; Wali, A; Tipa, GT; Jardine, TD; Olden, JD; Cheng, L; Conallin, J; Cosens, B; Dickens, C; Garrick, D; Groenfeldt, D; Kabogo, J; Roux, DJ; Ruhi, A; Arthington, AHAnderson, Elizabeth P.; Jackson, Sue; Tharme, Rebecca E.; Douglas, Michael; Flotemersch, Joseph E.; Zwarteveen, Margreet; Lokgariwar, Chicu; Montoya, Mariana; Wali, Alaka; Tipa, Gail T.; Jardine, Timothy D.; Olden, Julian D.; Cheng, Lin; Conallin, John; Cosens, Barbara; Dickens, Chris; Garrick, Dustin; Groenfeldt, David; Kabogo, Jane; Roux, Dirk J.; Ruhi, Albert; Arthington, Angela H.EnglishRiver flows connect people, places, and other forms of life, inspiring and sustaining diverse cultural beliefs, values, and ways of life. The concept of environmental flows provides a framework for improving understanding of relationships between river flows and people, and for supporting those that are mutually beneficial. Nevertheless, most approaches to determining environmental flows remain grounded in the biophysical sciences. The newly revised Brisbane Declaration and Global Action Agenda on Environmental Flows (2018) represents a new phase in environmental flow science and an opportunity to better consider the co-constitution of river flows, ecosystems, and society, and to more explicitly incorporate these relationships into river management. We synthesize understanding of relationships between people and rivers as conceived under the renewed definition of environmental flows. We present case studies from Honduras, India, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia that illustrate multidisciplinary, collaborative efforts where recognizing and meeting diverse flow needs of human populations was central to establishing environmental flow recommendations. We also review a small body of literature to highlight examples of the diversity and interdependencies of human-flow relationships-such as the linkages between river flow and human well-being, spiritual needs, cultural identity, and sense of place-that are typically overlooked when environmental flows are assessed and negotiated. Finally, we call for scientists and water managers to recognize the diversity of ways of knowing, relating to, and utilizing rivers, and to place this recognition at the center of future environmental flow assessments. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Human Water > Water Governance Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented[Anderson, Elizabeth P.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Anderson, Elizabeth P.] Florida Int Univ, Inst Water & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA; [Jackson, Sue] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld, Australia; [Tharme, Rebecca E.] Riverfutures Ltd, Buxton, England; [Douglas, Michael] Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; [Douglas, Michael] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT, Australia; [Flotemersch, Joseph E.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA; [Zwarteveen, Margreet] IHE Delft Inst Water Educ, Delft, Netherlands; [Zwarteveen, Margreet] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Inst Social Sci Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Lokgariwar, Chicu] Peoples Sci Inst, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India; [Montoya, Mariana] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Lima, Peru; [Wali, Alaka] Field Museum, Integrated Res Ctr, Chicago, IL USA; [Tipa, Gail T.] Ngai Tahu Tipa & Associates Ltd, East Taieri, New Zealand; [Jardine, Timothy D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Cheng, Lin] Worldwide Fund Nat WWF China, Water Practice, Beijing, Peoples R China; [Conallin, John] Charles Sturt Univ, Inst Land Water & Soc, Albury, NSW, Australia; [Cosens, Barbara] Univ Idaho, Coll Law, Moscow, ID 83843 USA; [Dickens, Chris] Int Water Management Inst, Pretoria, South Africa; [Garrick, Dustin] Univ Oxford, Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England; [Groenfeldt, David] Water Culture Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA; [Kabogo, Jane] Minist Water & Irrigat, Dodoma, Tanzania; [Roux, Dirk J.] South African Natl Parks, Sci Serv, George, South Africa; [Roux, Dirk J.] Nelson Mandela Univ, Sustainabil Res Unit, George, South Africa; [Ruhi, Albert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Arthington, Angela H.] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld, AustraliaState University System of Florida; Florida International University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Griffith University; University of Western Australia; Charles Darwin University; United States Environmental Protection Agency; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education; University of Amsterdam; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); University of Saskatchewan; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Charles Sturt University; Idaho; University of Idaho; CGIAR; International Water Management Institute (IWMI); University of Oxford; Nelson Mandela University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Griffith UniversityAnderson, EP (corresponding author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.;Anderson, EP (corresponding author), Florida Int Univ, Inst Water & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.epanders@fiu.eduArthington, Angela H./I-1689-2019; Roux, Dirk J/F-2894-2012; Zwarteveen, Margreet/AAC-6987-2020; Jardine, Timothy Donald/AFZ-4837-2022; Zwarteveen, Margreet Z./Q-9796-2017Roux, Dirk J/0000-0001-7809-0446; Zwarteveen, Margreet/0000-0001-7169-1337; Zwarteveen, Margreet Z./0000-0001-7169-1337; Olden, Julian/0000-0003-2143-1187Australian Research Council [FT130101145]; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation [16-1607-151, G-106564-0]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-1052875]Australian Research Council(Australian Research Council); John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))Australian Research Council, Grant/Award Number: FT130101145; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: 16-1607-151, G-106564-0; U.S. National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: DBI-10528751307477<180 Day Usage Count>952WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2049-1948WIRES WATERWiley Interdiscip. Rev.-WaterNOV201966
e1381
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1381http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.138121Environmental Sciences; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water ResourcesJG3VR31827789hybrid, Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0004920030000060 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTGlobalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0023
Weighing the importance of animal body size in traditional food systems
ReviewFACETSTraditional food; traditional food system; determinants of traditional food security; animal body size; allometry; socio-ecological changeINTRINSIC RATE; NATURAL INCREASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; HUNTING STRATEGIES; HUNTER-GATHERERS; EXTINCTION RISK; FORAGING THEORY; METABOLIC-RATE; DIETARY CHANGEBrammer, JR; Menzies, AK; Carter, LS; Giroux-Bougard, X; Landry-Cuerrier, M; Leblanc, ML; Neelin, MN; Studd, EK; Humphries, MMBrammer, Jeremy R.; Menzies, Allyson K.; Carter, Laurence S.; Giroux-Bougard, Xavier; Landry-Cuerrier, Manuelle; Leblanc, Melanie-Louise; Neelin, Mikhaela N.; Studd, Emily K.; Humphries, Murray M.EnglishTraditional food systems based on harvest from the local environment are fundamental to the well-being of many communities, but their security is challenged by rapid socio-ecological change. We synthesized literature and data describing how a fundamental form of biodiversity, animal body size, contributes to the security of traditional food systems through relationships with species availability, accessibility, adequacy, and use. We found larger vertebrate species were more available, accessible, and used on a per kilogram basis, particularly for mammals. Conversely, larger species were no more or less adequate from a combined nutritional, health, and cultural perspective. Larger species represented more biomass, and this biomass required less time to harvest, with greater but more variable mean caloric returns over time. Smaller species provided more consistent caloric returns and were harvested during documented shortages of prey. This reliance on species with a range of body sizes is consistent with optimal foraging theory and the evolutionary value of flexibility, and highlights the importance of a biodiverse pool of species for traditional food security in times of change. Our synthesis of published literature and data highlights the many socio-ecological correlates of species size and how these relate to the security of traditional food systems.[Brammer, Jeremy R.] Vuntut Gwitchin Govt, Nat Resources Dept, POB 94, Old Crow, YT Y0B 1N0, Canada; [Brammer, Jeremy R.; Menzies, Allyson K.; Carter, Laurence S.; Giroux-Bougard, Xavier; Landry-Cuerrier, Manuelle; Leblanc, Melanie-Louise; Neelin, Mikhaela N.; Studd, Emily K.; Humphries, Murray M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Brammer, Jeremy R.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr,Raven Rd, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Humphries, Murray M.] McGill Univ, Ctr Indigenous Peoples Nutr & Environm, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, CanadaMcGill University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; McGill UniversityBrammer, JR (corresponding author), Vuntut Gwitchin Govt, Nat Resources Dept, POB 94, Old Crow, YT Y0B 1N0, Canada.;Brammer, JR (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.;Brammer, JR (corresponding author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr,Raven Rd, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.jeremy.brammer@vgfn.netGiroux-Bougard, Xavier/0000-0003-0783-970919400<180 Day Usage Count>00CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2371-1671FACETSFacetsMAR 320227286318
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0023http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-002333Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other TopicsZP9WGgold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0007667659000010 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorth Americahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12712
Toward a climate-informed North American protected areas network: Incorporating climate-change refugia and corridors in conservation planning
ArticleCONSERVATION LETTERSclimate corridors; climate-change adaptation; conservation planning; protected areas; refugia; ZonationBIODIVERSITY; VELOCITYStralberg, D; Carroll, C; Nielsen, SEStralberg, Diana; Carroll, Carlos; Nielsen, Scott E.EnglishGlobal and national commitments to slow biodiversity loss by expanding protected area networks also provide opportunities to evaluate conservation priorities in the face of climate change. Using recently developed indicators of climatic macrorefugia, environmental diversity, and corridors, we conducted a systematic, climate-informed prioritization of conservation values across North America. We explicitly considered complementarity of multiple conservation objectives, capturing key niche-based temperature and moisture thresholds for 324 tree species and 268 songbird species. Conservation rankings were influenced most strongly by climate corridors and species-specific refugia layers. Although areas of high conservation value under climate change were partially aligned with existing protected areas, similar to 80% of areas within the top quintile of biome-level conservation values lack formal protection. Results from this study and application of our approach elsewhere can help improve the long-term value of conservation investments at multiple spatial scales.[Stralberg, Diana; Nielsen, Scott E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, FranceUniversity of AlbertaStralberg, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 751 Gen Serv Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.diana.stralberg@ualberta.caStralberg, Diana/W-9267-2019; Nielsen, Scott/C-2842-2013Stralberg, Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-0630; Carroll, Carlos/0000-0002-7697-8721Wilburforce FoundationWilburforce FoundationWilburforce Foundation473030<180 Day Usage Count>1446WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1755-263XCONSERV LETTConserv. Lett.JUL2020134
e12712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.12712http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/conl.127122020-04-01 00:00:0010Biodiversity ConservationScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & ConservationNK6XSgold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0005512119000010 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorth America - coastal ocean zoneshttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019
Carbon cycling in the North American coastal ocean: a synthesis
ArticleBIOGEOSCIENCESSEA CO2 FLUXES; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; CROSS-SHELF EXPORT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INORGANIC CARBON; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ARCTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATESFennel, K; Alin, S; Barbero, L; Evans, W; Bourgeois, T; Cooley, S; Dunne, J; Feely, RA; Hernandez-Ayon, JM; Hu, XP; Lohrenz, S; Muller-Karger, F; Najjar, R; Robbins, L; Shadwick, E; Siedlecki, S; Steiner, N; Sutton, A; Turk, D; Vlahos, P; Wang, ZAFennel, Katja; Alin, Simone; Barbero, Leticia; Evans, Wiley; Bourgeois, Timothee; Cooley, Sarah; Dunne, John; Feely, Richard A.; Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Jose; Hu, Xinping; Lohrenz, Steven; Muller-Karger, Frank; Najjar, Raymond; Robbins, Lisa; Shadwick, EliEnglishA quantification of carbon fluxes in the coastal ocean and across its boundaries with the atmosphere, land, and the open ocean is important for assessing the current state and projecting future trends in ocean carbon uptake and coastal ocean acidification, but this is currently a missing component of global carbon budgeting. This synthesis reviews recent progress in characterizing these carbon fluxes for the North American coastal ocean. Several observing networks and high-resolution regional models are now available. Recent efforts have focused primarily on quantifying the net air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2). Some studies have estimated other key fluxes, such as the exchange of organic and inorganic carbon between shelves and the open ocean. Available estimates of air-sea CO2 flux, informed by more than a decade of observations, indicate that the North American Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) acts as a sink of 160 +/- 80 Tg C yr(-1), although this flux is not well constrained. The Arctic and sub-Arctic, mid-latitude Atlantic, and mid-latitude Pacific portions of the EEZ account for 104, 62, and -3.7 Tg C yr(-1), respectively, while making up 51 %, 25 %, and 24 % of the total area, respectively. Combining the net uptake of 160 +/- 80 Tg C yr(-1) with an estimated carbon input from land of 106 +/- 30 Tg C yr(-1) minus an estimated burial of 65 +/- 55 Tg C yr(-1) and an estimated accumulation of dissolved carbon in EEZ waters of 50 +/- 25 Tg C yr(-1) implies a carbon export of 151 +/- 105 Tg C yr(-1) to the open ocean. The increasing concentration of inorganic carbon in coastal and open-ocean waters leads to ocean acidification. As a result, conditions favoring the dissolution of calcium carbonate occur regularly in subsurface coastal waters in the Arctic, which are naturally prone to low pH, and the North Pacific, where upwelling of deep, carbon-rich waters has intensified. Expanded monitoring and extension of existing model capabilities are required to provide more reliable coastal carbon budgets, projections of future states of the coastal ocean, and quantification of anthropogenic carbon contributions.[Fennel, Katja; Bourgeois, Timothee] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Alin, Simone; Feely, Richard A.; Sutton, Adrienne] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA; [Barbero, Leticia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA; [Evans, Wiley] Hakai Inst, Campbell River, BC V9W 0B7, Canada; [Cooley, Sarah] Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC USA; [Dunne, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA; [Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Jose] Autonomous Univ Baja Calif, Dept Marine Sci, Ensenada 228600, Baja California, Mexico; [Hu, Xinping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA; [Lohrenz, Steven] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA; [Muller-Karger, Frank; Robbins, Lisa] Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, Tampa, FL 33620 USA; [Najjar, Raymond] Dept Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; [Shadwick, Elizabeth] Inst CSIRO, Dept Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia; [Siedlecki, Samantha; Vlahos, Penny] Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA; [Steiner, Nadja] Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada; [Turk, Daniela] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Wang, Zhaohui Aleck] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USADalhousie University; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); Hakai Institute; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA; Texas A&M University System; University of Massachusetts System; University Massachusetts Dartmouth; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); University of Connecticut; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Columbia University; Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionFennel, K (corresponding author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.katja.fennel@dal.caBarbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Lohrenz, Steven/AAC-9151-2019; Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011; Bourgeois, Timothée/AAI-2146-2020; Alin, Simone/J-6836-2017; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Feely, Richard A./ABI-5740-2020; Cooley, Sarah R/K-7373-2012; Hernandez-Ayon, Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975; Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545; Bourgeois, Timothée/0000-0002-9367-464X; Alin, Simone/0000-0002-8283-1910; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Cooley, Sarah R/0000-0002-1034-065Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami [NA10OAR4320143]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CIMAS) [NA10OAR4320143]; NSERC Discovery program; NASA [NNX14AO73G, NNX14AM37G, NNX14AP62A]; NASA [NNX14AM37G, 678582] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERCooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CIMAS); NSERC Discovery program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This paper builds on synthesis activities carried out for the second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2). We would like to thank Gyami Shrestha, Nancy Cavallero, Melanie Mayes, Holly Haun, Marjy Friedrichs, Laura Lorenzoni, and Erica Ombres for the guidance and input. We are grateful to Nicolas Gruber and Christophe Rabouille for their constructive and helpful reviews of the paper. It is a contribution to the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON), the Integrated Marine Biosphere Research (IMBeR) project, the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), and the Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (CIMAS) under cooperative agreement NA10OAR4320143. Katja Fennel was funded by the NSERC Discovery program. Steven Lohrenz was funded by NASA grant NNX14AO73G. Ray Najjar was funded by NASA grant NNX14AM37G. Frank Muller-Karger was funded through NASA grant NNX14AP62A. This is Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution number 4837 and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution number 8284. Simone Alin and Richard A. Feely also thank Libby Jewett and Dwight Gledhill of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program for their support.1823232<180 Day Usage Count>142COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesMAR 27201916612811304
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1281-201924Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyHQ7JFgold, Green Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004625956000030 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10116
Consequences of lake and river ice loss on cultural ecosystem services
ArticleLIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LETTERSNORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE; TRENDS; COVER; VARIABILITY; PHENOLOGY; AVAILABILITY; MODELS; REGION; PERIODKnoll, LB; Sharma, S; Denfeld, BA; Flaim, G; Hori, Y; Magnuson, JI; Straile, D; Weyhenmeyer, GAKnoll, Lesley B.; Sharma, Sapna; Denfeld, Blaize A.; Flaim, Giovanna; Hori, Yukari; Magnuson, John, I; Straile, Dietmar; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.EnglishPeople extensively use lakes and rivers covered by seasonal ice. Although ice cover duration has been declining over the past 150 years for Northern Hemisphere freshwaters, we know relatively little about how ice loss directly affects humans. Here, we synthesize the cultural ecosystem services (i.e., services that provide intangible or nonmaterial benefits) and associated benefits supported by inland ice. We also provide, for the first time, empirical examples that give quantitative evidence for a winter warming effect on a wide range of ice-related cultural ecosystem services and benefits. We show that in recent decades, warmer air temperatures delayed the opening date of winter ice roads and led to cancellations of spiritual ceremonies, outdoor ice skating races, and ice fishing tournaments. Additionally, our synthesis effort suggests unexploited data sets that allow for the use of integrative approaches to evaluate the interplay between inland ice loss and society.[Knoll, Lesley B.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Itasca Biol Stn & Labs, Lake Itasca, MN 56470 USA; [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Denfeld, Blaize A.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Umea, Sweden; [Flaim, Giovanna] Fdn Edmund Mach, Res & Innovat Ctr, Dept Sustainable Agroecosyst & Bioresources, San Michele All Adige, Italy; [Hori, Yukari] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Magnuson, John, I] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Straile, Dietmar] Univ Konstanz, Limnol Inst, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany; [Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Genet Limnol, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; York University - Canada; Umea University; Fondazione Edmund Mach; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison;Knoll, LB (corresponding author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Itasca Biol Stn & Labs, Lake Itasca, MN 56470 USA.lbknoll@umn.eduFlaim, Giovanna/AAD-5013-2020; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa/Y-6135-2019; Straile, Dietmar/A-4065-2008Flaim, Giovanna/0000-0002-1753-5605; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa/0000-0002-4013-2281; Straile, Dietmar/0000-0002-7441-8552; Knoll, Lesley/0000-0003-0347-5979; Sharma, Sapna/0000-0003-4571-2768; Hori, Yukari/0000-0002-6929-9931KempestiftelsernaKempestiftelsernaThis work benefited from participation in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON), which provided a platform to develop the idea for this paper. Funding support for B.A.D. was provided by Kempestiftelserna.705455<180 Day Usage Count>1033WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA2378-2242LIMNOL OCEANOGR LETTLimnol. Oceanogr. Lett.OCT201945119131
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10116http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lol2.1011613Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Marine & Freshwater Biology; OceanographyJB0KUgold, Green Published, Green Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004882433000020 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00143-w
Snow and Climate: Feedbacks, Drivers, and Indices of Change
ArticleCURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE REPORTSSnow; Climate variability; Climate change; Feedbacks; Earth system modelsINDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ALBEDO FEEDBACK; SEA-ICE; ARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; COVER VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; WINTER CLIMATE; FUTURE CHANGESThackeray, CW; Derksen, C; Fletcher, CG; Hall, AThackeray, Chad W.; Derksen, Chris; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Hall, AlexEnglishPurpose of Review Highlight significant developments that have recently been made to enhance our understanding of how snow responds to climate forcing and the role that snow plays in the climate system. Recent Findings Widespread snow loss has occurred in recent decades, with the largest decreases in spring. These changes are primarily driven by temperature and precipitation, but changes in vegetation, light-absorbing impurities, and sea ice also contribute to variability. Changes in snow cover can also affect climate through the snow albedo feedback (SAF). Recently, considerable progress has been made in better understanding the processes contributing to SAF. We also highlight advances in knowledge of how snow variability is linked to large-scale atmospheric changes. Lastly, large-scale snow losses are expected to continue under climate change in all but the coldest climates. These projected changes to snow raise considerable concerns over future freshwater availability in snow-dominated watersheds. Summary The results discussed here demonstrate the widespread implications that changes to snow have on the climate system and anthropogenic activity at large.[Thackeray, Chad W.; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; [Derksen, Chris] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Fletcher, Christopher G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of WaterlooThackeray, CW (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.cwthackeray@ucla.eduDerksen, Chris/S-9828-2017; Thackeray, Chad/ABD-8474-2021Derksen, Chris/0000-0001-6821-5479; Thackeray, Chad/0000-0002-3757-9015National Science Foundation [1543268]National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))C.W.T. and A.H. would like to thank the funding from the National Science Foundation grant (#1543268) titled Reducing Uncertainty Surrounding Climate Change Using Emergent Constraints.1543941<180 Day Usage Count>30132SPRINGER HEIDELBERGHEIDELBERGTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY2198-6061CURR CLIM CHANGE REPCurr. Clim. Chang. Rep.DEC201954322333
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00143-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-019-00143-w12Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesKQ7VD2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0005171275000060 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0042
The Beringian Coevolution Project: holistic collections of mammals and associated parasites reveal novel perspectives on evolutionary and environmental change in the North
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEArctic; Beringia; bioinformatics; climate change; ecological perturbation; geographic and host colonization; museum specimen archivesAROSTRILEPIS EUCESTODA HYMENOLEPIDIDAE; NATURAL-HISTORY COLLECTIONS; MARTEN MARTES-AMERICANA; VOLE MICROTUS-OECONOMUS; ERMINE MUSTELA-ERMINEA; N. SP CESTODA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CYCLOPHYLLIDEA HYMENOLEPIDIDAE; CRICETIDAE ARVICOLINAE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICSCook, JA; Galbreath, KE; Bell, KC; Campbell, ML; Carriere, S; Colella, JP; Dawson, NG; Dunnum, JL; Eckerlin, RP; Fedorov, V; Greiman, SE; Haas, GMS; Haukisalmi, V; Henttonen, H; Hope, AG; Jackson, D; Jung, TS; Koehler, AV; Kinsella, JM; Krejsa, D; Kutz, SJ; Liphardt, S; MacDonald, SO; Malaney, JL; Makarikov, A; Martin, J; McLean, BS; Mulders, R; Nyamsuren, B; Talbot, SL; Tkach, VV; Tsvetkova, A; Toman, HM; Waltari, EC; Whitman, JS; Hoberg, EPCook, Joseph A.; Galbreath, Kurt E.; Bell, Kayce C.; Campbell, Mariel L.; Carriere, Suzanne; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Dawson, Natalie G.; Dunnum, Jonathan L.; Eckerlin, Ralph P.; Fedorov, Vadim; Greiman, Stephen E.; Haas, Genevieve M. S.; Haukisalmi, Voitto; Henttonen, Heikki; Hope, Andrew G.; Jackson, Donavan; Jung, Thomas S.; Koehler, Anson V.; Kinsella, John M.; Krejsa, Dianna; Kutz, Susan J.; Liphardt, Schuyler; MacDonald, S. O.; Malaney, Jason L.; Makarikov, Arseny; Martin, Jon; McLean, Bryan S.; Mulders, Robert; Nyamsuren, Batsaikhan; Talbot, Sandra L.; Tkach, Vasyl V.; Tsvetkova, Albina; Toman, Heather M.; Waltari, Eric C.; Whitman, Jackson S.; Hoberg, Eric P.EnglishThe Beringian Coevolution Project (BCP), a field program underway in the high northern latitudes since 1999, has focused on building key scientific infrastructure for integrated specimen-based studies on mammals and their associated parasites. BCP has contributed new insights across temporal and spatial scales into how ancient climate and environmental change have shaped faunas, emphasizing processes of assembly, persistence, and diversification across the vast Beringian region. BCP collections also represent baseline records of biotic diversity from across the northern high latitudes at a time of accelerated environmental change. These specimens and associated data form an unmatched resource for identifying hidden diversity, interpreting past responses to climate oscillations, documenting contemporary conditions, and anticipating outcomes for complex biological systems in a regime of ecological perturbation. Because of its dual focus on hosts and parasites, the BCP record also provides a foundation for comparative analyses that can document the effects of dynamic change on the geographic distribution, transmission dynamics, and emergence of pathogens. By using specific examples from carnivores, eulipotyphlans, lagomorphs, rodents, ungulates, and their associated parasites, we demonstrate how broad, integrated field collections provide permanent infrastructure that informs policy decisions regarding human impact and the effect of climate change on natural populations.[Cook, Joseph A.; Bell, Kayce C.; Campbell, Mariel L.; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Dunnum, Jonathan L.; Jackson, Donavan; Krejsa, Dianna; Liphardt, Schuyler; MacDonald, S. O.; McLean, Bryan S.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Cook, Joseph A.; Bell, Kayce C.; Colella, Jocelyn P.; Jackson, Donavan; Krejsa, Dianna; Liphardt, Schuyler; McLean, Bryan S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA; [Galbreath, Kurt E.; Haas, Genevieve M. S.; Toman, Heather M.] Northern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI USA; [Carriere, Suzanne; Mulders, Robert] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Dawson, Natalie G.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Eckerlin, Ralph P.] Northern Virginia Community Coll, Math Sci & Engn Div, Annandale, VA USA; [Fedorov, Vadim] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Greiman, Stephen E.] Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA USA; [Henttonen, Heikki] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Helsinki, Finland; [Hope, Andrew G.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA; [Jung, Thomas S.] Yukon Dept Environm, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Koehler, Anson V.] Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic, Australia; [Kinsella, John M.] HelmWest Lab, Missoula, MT USA; [Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Malaney, Jason L.] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Biol, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA; [Makarikov, Arseny] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Ecol Anim, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia; [Martin, Jon] Univ Alaska Southeast, Sitka, AK USA; [Nyamsuren, Batsaikhan] Natl Univ Mongolia, Dept Biol, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; [Talbot, Sandra L.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Tkach, Vasyl V.] Univ North Dakota, Dept Biol, Grand Forks, ND USA; [Tsvetkova, Albina] RAS, Inst Ecol & Evolut AN Severtsov, Saratov, Russia; [Waltari, Eric C.] Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY USA; [Hoberg, Eric P.] USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USAUniversity of New Mexico; University of New Mexico; Northern Michigan University; University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University System of Georgia; Georgia Southern University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Kansas State University; University of Melbourne; University of Calgary; Austin Peay State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Southeastern; National University of Mongolia; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of North Dakota Grand Forks; Russian Academy of Sciences; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)Cook, JA (corresponding author), Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.;Cook, JA (corresponding author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.tucojoe@gmail.comKoehler, Anson/P-3658-2015; Cook, Joseph A/HNR-3803-2023; Makarikov, Arseny/I-5516-2013; Jung, Thomas/A-8525-2015; Carriere, Suzanne/F-7263-2010; Koehler, Anson/AAF-7635-2019Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416; Makarikov, Arseny/0000-0002-4389-8397; Jung, Thomas/0000-0003-2681-6852; Waltari, Eric/0000-0001-6930-9645; Haukisalmi, Voitto/0000-0001-7660-9670; Galbreath, Kurt/0000-0002-8065-0833; Campbell, Mariel/0000-0003-0536-5044National Science Foundation [9972154, 0196095, 0415668, 1258010, 1256943, 1523410]; USDA Forest Service (Tongass National Forest); USDA Forest Service (Pacific Northwest Laboratory); Alaska Department of Fish and Game; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Bureau of Land Management; National Park Service; Div Of Biological Infrastructure; Direct For Biological Sciences [1523410] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); USDA Forest Service (Tongass National Forest); USDA Forest Service (Pacific Northwest Laboratory); Alaska Department of Fish and Game; US Fish and Wildlife Service(US Fish & Wildlife Service); US Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); Bureau of Land Management; National Park Service; Div Of Biological Infrastructure; Direct For Biological Sciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO))We acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (9972154, 0196095, 0415668, 1258010, 1256943, 1523410), USDA Forest Service (Tongass National Forest and Pacific Northwest Laboratory), Alaska Department of Fish and Game, US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service. We also acknowledge the natural resource agencies in the United States, Mongolia, Russia, and Canada that have provided logistical support, specimens, and permits for our investigations across the greater Beringian region. Too many individuals have contributed their time or specimens to this project over the past 18 years to be able to thank them all. In particular, though, we note the great efforts of N. Dokuchaev, A. Lazuhtkin, J. Baichtal, T. Hanley, K. Hastings, R. Flynn, T. Schumacher, K. Beckmen, H. Schwantje, E. Jenkins, R. Popko, A. Veitch, and B. Elkins.1844146<180 Day Usage Count>042CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP201733SI585617
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0042http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-004233Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsFN9YRGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004163996000090 YReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.020
Last millennium Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures from tree rings: Part II, spatially resolved reconstructions
ReviewQUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWSTree-rings; Northern Hemisphere; Last millennium; Common Era; Summer temperatures; Reconstruction; SpatialLATITUDE VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; MAXIMUM-LATEWOOD-DENSITY; WINTER CLIMATE RESPONSE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; BLUE INTENSITY; GREENHOUSE-GAS; COMMON ERA; ICE-AGE; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; SOLARAnchukaitis, KJ; Wilson, R; Briffa, KR; Buntgen, U; Cook, ER; D'Arrigo, R; Davi, N; Esper, J; Frank, D; Gunnarson, BE; Hegerl, G; Helama, S; Klesse, S; Krusic, PJ; Linderholm, HW; Myglan, V; Osborn, TJ; Zhang, P; Rydval, M; Schneider, L; Schurer, A; Wiles, G; Zorita, EAnchukaitis, Kevin J.; Wilson, Rob; Briffa, Keith R.; Buntgen, Ulf; Cook, Edward R.; D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Davi, Nicole; Esper, Jan; Frank, David; Gunnarson, Bjorn E.; Hegerl, Gabi; Helama, Samuli; Klesse, Stefan; Krusic, Paul J.; Linderholm, Hans W.; Myglan, Vladimir; Osborn, Timothy J.; Zhang, Peng; Rydval, Milos; Schneider, Lea; Schurer, Andrew; Wiles, Greg; Zorita, EduardoEnglishClimate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to characterize regional scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated with atmospheric circulation changes, radiative forcing, and large-scale modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, and provide spatiotemporal targets for climate model comparison and evaluation. Here we use a multiproxy network of tree-ring chronologies to reconstruct spatially resolved warm season (May August) mean temperatures across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (40-90 degrees N) using Point-by-Point Regression (PPR). The resulting annual maps of temperature anomalies (750-1988 CE) reveal a consistent imprint of volcanism, with 96% of reconstructed grid points experiencing colder conditions following eruptions. Solar influences are detected at the bicentennial (de Vries) frequency, although at other time scales the influence of insolation variability is weak. Approximately 90% of reconstructed grid points show warmer temperatures during the Medieval Climate Anomaly when compared to the Little Ice Age, although the magnitude varies spatially across the hemisphere. Estimates of field reconstruction skill through time and over space can guide future temporal extension and spatial expansion of the proxy network. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Anchukaitis, Kevin J.] Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Klesse, Stefan] Univ Arizona, Lab Tree Ring Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; [Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Wilson, Rob; Cook, Edward R.; D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Davi, Nicole; Krusic, Paul J.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA; [Wilson, Rob; Rydval, Milos] Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland; [Briffa, Keith R.; Osborn, Timothy J.] Univ East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich, Norfolk, England; [Buntgen, Ulf] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England; [Buntgen, Ulf; Frank, David; Klesse, Stefan] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Buntgen, Ulf] Global Change Res Ctr, Brno, Czech Republic; [Buntgen, Ulf] Masaryk Univ, Brno, Czech Republic; [Davi, Nicole] William Paterson Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Wayne, NJ USA; [Esper, Jan] Gutenberg Univ, Dept Geog, Mainz, Germany; [Gunnarson, Bjorn E.; Krusic, Paul J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Hegerl, Gabi; Schurer, Andrew] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Helama, Samuli] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland; [Krusic, Paul J.] Navarino Environm Obs, Messinia, Greece; [Linderholm, Hans W.; Zhang, Peng] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden; [Myglan, Vladimir] Siberian Fed Univ, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; [Rydval, Milos] Czech Univ Life Sci Prague, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Prague, Czech Republic; [Schneider, Lea] Justus Liebig Univ, Dept Geog, Giessen, Germany; [Wiles, Greg] Coll Wooster, Tree Ring Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA; [Zorita, Eduardo] HZG, Inst Coastal Res, Hamburg, GermanyUniversity of Arizona; University of Arizona; Columbia University; University of St Andrews; University of East Anglia; University of Cambridge; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Czech Academy of Sciences; Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Masaryk University Brno; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Stockholm University; University of Edinburgh; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); University of Gothenburg; Siberian Federal University; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Justus Liebig University Giessen; College of WoosterAnchukaitis, KJ (corresponding author), Univ Arizona, Sch Geog & Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.kanchukaitis@email.arizona.eduGunnarson, Björn/AAL-1309-2021; Osborn, Timothy/AAK-9279-2020; Klesse, Stefan/HKE-1573-2023; Schurer, Andrew/W-7059-2019; Myglan, Vladimir/S-7088-2018; Linderholm, Hans W/N-1020-2013; Frank, David/C-7764-2013; buentgen, ulf/J-6952-2013; Rydval, Miloš/T-5132-2018; Esper, Jan/O-3127-2018; Osborn, Timothy/E-9740-2011; Wilson, Rob/S-9147-2016Osborn, Timothy/0000-0001-8425-6799; Klesse, Stefan/0000-0003-1569-1724; Schurer, Andrew/0000-0002-9176-3622; Myglan, Vladimir/0000-0002-5268-653X; Linderholm, Hans W/0000-0002-1522-8919; Rydval, Miloš/0000-0001-5079-2534; Esper, Jan/0000-0003-3919-014X; Osborn, Timothy/0000-0001-8425-6799; Schneider, Lea/0000-0002-8208-7300; Frank, David/0000-0001-5463-5640; Anchukaitis, Kevin/0000-0002-8509-8080; Wilson, Rob/0000-0003-4486-8904; Davi, Nicole/0000-0002-4529-5418; Hegerl, Gabriele/0000-0002-4159-1295National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change [NSF AGS-1501856, NSF AGS-1501834, AGS-1502224, AGS-1159430, AGS-1502150]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NERC - NE/K003097/1]; Leverhulme Trust [F/00 268/BG]; NERC (Belmont Forum/JPI-Climate: INTEGRATE project) [NE/P006809/1]; Czech project 'Building up a multidisciplinary scientific team focused on drought' [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0248]; Academy of Finland; ERC advanced grant TITAN [EC-320691]; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award [WM130060]; PACMEDY [NE/P006752/1]; Swedish Science Council (VR) [2012-5246]; Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; NSF [AGS-1502186]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/P006809/1, NE/K003097/1] Funding Source: researchfish; NERC [NE/K003097/1, NE/P006809/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences [1623727, 1502186] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences [1619827] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Leverhulme Trust(Leverhulme Trust); NERC (Belmont Forum/JPI-Climate: INTEGRATE project)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Czech project 'Building up a multidisciplinary scientific team focused on drought'; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); ERC advanced grant TITAN; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award(Royal Society of London); PACMEDY; Swedish Science Council (VR)(Swedish Research Council); Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences; Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))The N-TREND consortium is not itself funded, but many individuals acknowledge relevant projects, grants, and support; KJA: National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change NSF AGS-1501856 and NSF AGS-1501834; RW: UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC - NE/K003097/1) and Leverhulme Trust project (F/00 268/BG); KRB and TO: NERC (Belmont Forum/JPI-Climate: INTEGRATE project NE/P006809/1); KRB also thanks Gaurav Kapur FRCR and Colin Watts FRCS for time; UB: Czech project 'Building up a multidisciplinary scientific team focused on drought' No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0248; EC: National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change AGS-1502224; RD: National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change AGS-1159430, AGS-1502150, and AGS-1502224; SH: Academy of Finland; GH and AS: ERC advanced grant TITAN (EC-320691), NCAS GH specifically with a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (WM130060); GH and AS: PACMEDY, NE/P006752/1; HL: The Swedish Science Council (VR) (2012-5246); MR: The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland; GW: NSF AGS-1502186. The N-TREND project website, along with the archived TR chronologies and temperature reconstructions can be found at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/p=519:1:0::::P1_study_id:19743 and additional information is available at https://ntrenddendro.wordpress.com/. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution #8093.234123130<180 Day Usage Count>9140PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDOXFORDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND0277-37911873-457XQUATERNARY SCI REVQuat. Sci. Rev.MAY 12017163122
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.020http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.02.02022Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyEU7GVGreen Accepted, Bronze2023-03-12WOS:0004012042000010 YReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTNorthern Hemispherehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12229
Latitudinal and seasonal plasticity in American bison Bison bison diets
ReviewMAMMAL REVIEWAmerican bison Bison bison; herbivory; latitude; multidimensional nutritional niche; North America; nutritional ecology; nutritional geometryWOOD BISON; BOTANICAL COMPOSITION; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; HABITAT SELECTION; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SUMMER; NUTRITION; ECOLOGY; CATTLE; GEOMETRYHecker, LJ; Coogan, SCP; Nielsen, SE; Edwards, MAHecker, Lee J.; Coogan, Sean C. P.; Nielsen, Scott E.; Edwards, Mark A.EnglishIn ecological niche theory, diet is a trait frequently used to place species along a continuum from specialists to generalists. A multidimensional approach to investigating species' niches has been developed to incorporate nutrition. We apply the concepts of multidimensional nutritional niche theory to the dietary patterns of a widespread, large herbivore, the American bison Bison bison, at various levels of its nutritional niche. Specifically, we sought to estimate dietary niches for female bison at the levels of the forage items they consume and the macronutrients they acquire from those forage items. We assessed how these dietary niches changed seasonally and explored physical and climatic mechanisms that contribute to observed differences in the dietary niches. We also examined dietary differences between the two bison subspecies: wood bison Bison bison athabascae and plains bison Bison bison bison. We compiled data for 16 bison subpopulations using 26 peer-reviewed publications, government reports, conference proceedings, and graduate theses that described the dietary composition of female bison for analysis of dietary niches. We found that the diets of female bison were, as expected, dominated by graminoids throughout the year, but during the growing season (spring and summer), dietary niches had greater breadth. Their diets were relatively high in carbohydrates, but percentages of dietary lipid and protein increased during the growing season. Further, we found significant increases in consumption of browse items, lipids, and proteins with increasing latitude (dagger N), and differences between American bison subspecies. Our study provides insight into the fundamental macronutrient niche of the American bison and also provides a framework for the nutritional targets of bison. We show that bison are able to adapt to availability of local forage and that they may consume different items in different proportions in order to regulate nutritional composition of their diet.[Hecker, Lee J.; Coogan, Sean C. P.; Nielsen, Scott E.; Edwards, Mark A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada; [Hecker, Lee J.; Edwards, Mark A.] Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5J 0G2, CanadaUniversity of AlbertaHecker, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.;Hecker, LJ (corresponding author), Royal Alberta Museum, Edmonton, AB T5J 0G2, Canada.lhecker@ualberta.ca; scoogan@ualberta.ca; scottn@ualberta.ca; mark.edwards@gov.ab.ca; Nielsen, Scott/C-2842-2013Coogan, Sean/0000-0003-2694-8468; Hecker, Lee/0000-0002-8284-4543; Nielsen, Scott/0000-0002-9754-06307766<180 Day Usage Count>1332WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0305-18381365-2907MAMMAL REVMammal Rev.APR2021512193206
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12229http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.122292020-10-01 00:00:0014Ecology; ZoologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; ZoologyQW5EX2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0005826486000010 NReview/synthesisScope beyond NWTPolar regionshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2em00134a
Influences of climate change on long-term time series of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic and Antarctic biota
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTSORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES OCPS; DIPHENYL ETHERS PBDES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; RINGED SEAL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SPECIMEN-BANK; PHOCA-HISPIDA; MARINE; CONTAMINANTS; GREENLANDVorkamp, K; Carlsson, P; Corsolini, S; de Wit, CA; Dietz, R; Gribble, MO; Houde, M; Kalia, V; Letcher, RJ; Morris, A; Riget, FF; Routti, H; Muir, DCGVorkamp, Katrin; Carlsson, Pernilla; Corsolini, Simonetta; de Wit, Cynthia A.; Dietz, Rune; Gribble, Matthew O.; Houde, Magali; Kalia, Vrinda; Letcher, Robert J.; Morris, Adam; Riget, Frank F.; Routti, Heli; Muir, Derek C. G.EnglishTime series of contaminants in the Arctic are an important instrument to detect emerging issues and to monitor the effectiveness of chemicals regulation, based on the assumption of a direct reflection of changes in primary emissions. Climate change has the potential to influence these time trends, through direct physical and chemical processes and/or changes in ecosystems. This study was part of an assessment of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), analysing potential links between changes in climate-related physical and biological variables and time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Arctic biota, with some additional information from the Antarctic. Several correlative relationships were identified between POP temporal trends in freshwater and marine biota and physical climate parameters such as oscillation indices, sea-ice coverage, temperature and precipitation, although the mechanisms behind these observations remain poorly understood. Biological data indicate changes in the diet and trophic level of some species, especially seabirds and polar bears, with consequences for their POP exposure. Studies from the Antarctic highlight increased POP availability after iceberg calving. Including physical and/or biological parameters in the POP time trend analysis has led to small deviations in some declining trends, but did generally not change the overall direction of the trend. In addition, regional and temporary perturbations occurred. Effects on POP time trends appear to have been more pronounced in recent years and to show time lags, suggesting that climate-related effects on the long time series might be gaining importance.[Vorkamp, Katrin] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Carlsson, Pernilla] Norwegian Inst Water Res NIVA, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Corsolini, Simonetta] Univ Siena, Dept Phys Earth & Environm Sci, Siena, Italy; [de Wit, Cynthia A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden; [Dietz, Rune; Riget, Frank F.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecosci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Gribble, Matthew O.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA; [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Kalia, Vrinda] Columbia Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, New York, NY USA; [Letcher, Robert J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Morris, Adam] Northern Contaminants Program, Crown Indigenous Relat & Northern Affairs, Gatineau, PQ, Canada; [Routti, Heli] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, CanadaAarhus University; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); University of Siena; Stockholm University; Aarhus University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Columbia University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Norwegian Polar Institute; Environment & Climate Change CanadaVorkamp, K (corresponding author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.kvo@envs.au.dkCorsolini, Simonetta/B-9460-2012; de Wit, Cynthia/J-8063-2012Corsolini, Simonetta/0000-0002-9772-2362; Gribble, Matthew/0000-0002-1614-2981; de Wit, Cynthia/0000-0001-8497-26996822<180 Day Usage Count>2727ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYCAMBRIDGETHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND2050-78872050-7895ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMPEnviron. Sci.-Process ImpactsOCT 192022241016431660
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2em00134ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2em00134a2022-09-01 00:00:0018Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology5K6ST36196982Green Published, hybrid2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0008642729000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort Sea, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019
Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic
ArticleATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICSICE-NUCLEATING PARTICLES; BLACK CARBON TRANSPORT; LONG-TERM TRENDS; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; AIR-POLLUTION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIESAbbatt, JPD; Leaitch, WR; Aliabadi, AA; Bertram, AK; Blanchet, JP; Boivin-Rioux, A; Bozem, H; Burkart, J; Chang, RYW; Charette, J; Chaubey, JP; Christensen, RJ; Cirisan, A; Collins, DB; Croft, B; Dionne, J; Evans, GJ; Fletcher, CG; Gali, M; Ghahreman, R; Girard, E; Gong, WM; Gosselin, M; Gourdal, M; Hanna, SJ; Hayashida, H; Herber, AB; Hesaraki, S; Hoor, P; Huang, L; Hussherr, R; Irish, VE; Keita, SA; Kodros, JK; Kollner, F; Kolonjari, F; Kunkel, D; Ladino, LA; Law, K; Levasseur, M; Libois, Q; Liggio, J; Lizotte, M; Macdonald, KM; Mahmood, R; Martin, RV; Mason, RH; Miller, LA; Moravek, A; Mortenson, E; Mungall, EL; Murphy, JG; Namazi, M; Norman, AL; O'Neill, NT; Pierce, JR; Russell, LM; Schneider, J; Schulz, H; Sharma, S; Si, M; Staebler, RM; Steiner, NS; Thomas, JL; von Salzen, K; Wentzell, JJB; Willis, MD; Wentworth, GR; Xu, JW; Yakobi-Hancock, JDAbbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Leaitch, W. Richard; Aliabadi, Amir A.; Bertram, Allan K.; Blanchet, Jean-Pierre; Boivin-Rioux, Aude; Bozem, Heiko; Burkart, Julia; Chang, Rachel Y. W.; Charette, Joannie; Chaubey, Jai P.; Christensen, Robert J.; Cirisan, Ana; Collins, Douglas B.; Croft, Betty; Dionne, Joelle; Evans, Greg J.; Fletcher, Christopher G.; Gali, Marti; Ghahreman, Roya; Girard, Eric; Gong, Wanmin; Gosselin, Michel; Gourdal, Margaux; Hanna, Sarah J.; Hayashida, Hakase; Herber, Andreas B.; Hesaraki, Sareh; Hoor, Peter; Huang, Lin; Hussherr, Rachel; Irish, Victoria E.; Keita, Setigui A.; Kodros, John K.; Koellner, Franziska; Kolonjari, Felicia; Kunkel, Daniel; Ladino, Luis A.; Law, Kathy; Levasseur, Maurice; Libois, Quentin; Liggio, John; Lizotte, Martine; Macdonald, Katrina M.; Mahmood, Rashed; Martin, Randall V.; Mason, Ryan H.; Miller, Lisa A.; Moravek, Alexander; Mortenson, Eric; Mungall, Emma L.; Murphy, Jennifer G.; Namazi, Maryam; Norman, Ann-Lise; O'Neill, Norman T.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.; Russell, Lynn M.; Schneider, Johannes; Schulz, Hannes; Sharma, Sangeeta; Si, Meng; Staebler, Ralf M.; Steiner, Nadja S.; Thomas, Jennie L.; von Salzen, Knut; Wentzell, Jeremy J. B.; Willis, Megan D.; Wentworth, Gregory R.; Xu, Jun-Wei; Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.EnglishMotivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20% in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41% of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20% to 80% of the 30-50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol-climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s(-1)).[Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Christensen, Robert J.; Moravek, Alexander; Mungall, Emma L.; Murphy, Jennifer G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Leaitch, W. Richard; Ghahreman, Roya; Gong, Wanmin; Huang, Lin; Kolonjari, Felicia; Liggio, John; Sharma, Sangeeta; Staebler, Ralf M.; Wentzell, Jeremy J. B.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Aliabadi, Amir A.] Univ Guelph, Sch Engn, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Bertram, Allan K.; Hanna, Sarah J.; Irish, Victoria E.; Mason, Ryan H.; Si, Meng] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Blanchet, Jean-Pierre; Cirisan, Ana; Girard, Eric; Keita, Setigui A.; Libois, Quentin] Univ Quebec Montreal, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Boivin-Rioux, Aude; Charette, Joannie; Gosselin, Michel] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Inst Sci Mer Rimouski, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Bozem, Heiko; Hoor, Peter; Koellner, Franziska; Kunkel, Daniel] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany; [Burkart, Julia] Univ Vienna, Aerosol Phys & Environm Phys, Vienna, Austria; [Chang, Rachel Y. W.; Chaubey, Jai P.; Croft, Betty; Dionne, Joelle; Martin, Randall V.; Xu, Jun-Wei] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada; [Collins, Douglas B.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Chem, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA; [Evans, Greg J.; Macdonald, Katrina M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Fletcher, Christopher G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Gali, Marti; Gourdal, Margaux; Hussherr, Rachel; Levasseur, Maurice; Lizotte, Martine] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Hayashida, Hakase; Mahmood, Rashed; Mortenson, Eric] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Herber, Andreas B.; Schulz, Hannes] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Hesaraki, Sareh; O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada; [Kodros, John K.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Koellner, Franziska; Schneider, Johannes] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany; [Ladino, Luis A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City, DF, Mexico; [Law, Kathy; Thomas, Jennie L.] Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, ATMOS, UVSQ,IPSL, Paris, France; [Mahmood, Rashed; von Salzen, Knut] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Miller, Lisa A.; Steiner, Nadja S.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Namazi, Maryam] Univ Isfahan, Dept Math, Esfahan, Iran; [Norman, Ann-Lise] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Thomas, Jennie L.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IGE, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble, France; [Willis, Megan D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA; [Wentworth, Gregory R.] Alberta Environm & Pk, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D.] CNR, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Toronto; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Guelph; University of British Columbia; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; University of Vienna; Dalhousie University; Bucknell University; University of Toronto; University of Waterloo; Laval University; University of Victoria; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Sherbrooke; Colorado State University; Max Planck Society; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris Saclay; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling & Analysis (CCCma); Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Isfahan; University of Calgary; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Research Council CanadaAbbatt, JPD (corresponding author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON, Canada.;Leaitch, WR (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.jonathan.abbatt@utoronto.ca; leaitchs@gmail.comKöllner, Franziska/W-1144-2017; Martin, Randall V/C-1205-2014; Murphy, Jennifer G/C-2367-2011; Collins, Douglas/B-2788-2015; Kunkel, Daniel/D-7287-2014; Pierce, Jeffrey R/E-4681-2013; Schneider, Johannes/A-2674-2010; Gosselin, Michel/B-4477-2014; Aliabadi, Amir/ABC-8403-2020; hoor, peter m/G-5421-2010; Willis, Megan/W-6956-2019; Law, Kathy/Q-1290-2018; Fletcher, Christopher G/I-4168-2012; Galí, Martí/L-1541-2013; Ladino, Luis Antonio./AAF-7614-2019; Hayashida, Hakase/AAY-4151-2020; Bozem, Heiko/O-2702-2016Köllner, Franziska/0000-0002-4967-5514; Martin, Randall V/0000-0003-2632-8402; Murphy, Jennifer G/0000-0001-8865-5463; Collins, Douglas/0000-0002-6248-9644; Kunkel, Daniel/0000-0002-9652-0099; Pierce, Jeffrey R/0000-0002-4241-838X; Schneider, Johannes/0000-0001-7169-3973; Gosselin, Michel/0000-0002-1044-0793; hoor, peter m/0000-0001-6582-6864; Willis, Megan/0000-0003-0386-0156; Law, Kathy/0000-0003-4479-903X; Fletcher, Christopher G/0000-0002-4393-5565; Galí, Martí/0000-0002-5587-1271; Ladino, Luis Antonio./0000-0002-4941-7945; Hayashida, Hakase/0000-0002-6349-4947; Chang, Rachel Ying-Wen/0000-0003-2337-098X; Bozem, Heiko/0000-0003-2412-9864; libois, quentin/0000-0001-8963-4170; Cirisan, Ana/0000-0002-6025-0293; Moravek, Alexander/0000-0003-4342-8173; Lizotte, Martine/0000-0002-7639-2819; Abbatt, Jonathan/0000-0002-3372-334X; Xu, Jun-Wei/0000-0002-2367-242X; Mahmood, Rashed/0000-0002-3583-2232; Staebler, Ralf/0000-0002-6372-0414; Steiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437; Russell, Lynn/0000-0002-6108-2375; Bertram, Allan K./0000-0002-5621-2323; Wentzell, Jeremy/0000-0001-9637-0142; Burkart, Julia/0000-0002-4031-3269Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada under its Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Alfred Wegener Institute; Major Research Project Management Fund at the University of Toronto; US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-SC0011780]; US National Science Foundation, Atmospheric Chemistry program [AGS-1559607]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an Office of Science, Office of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program [NA17OAR430001]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada under its Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Alfred Wegener Institute; Major Research Project Management Fund at the University of Toronto; US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); US National Science Foundation, Atmospheric Chemistry program(National Science Foundation (NSF)); US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an Office of Science, Office of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate ProgramNETCARE was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada under its Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program, with additional financial and in-kind support from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Alfred Wegener Institute, and the Major Research Project Management Fund at the University of Toronto. Colorado State University researchers were supported by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program, under grant no. DE-SC0011780, the US National Science Foundation, Atmospheric Chemistry program, under grant no. AGS-1559607, and by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an Office of Science, Office of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate Program, under the cooperative agreement award no. NA17OAR430001. All authors would like to strongly thank: (i) the editors for the NETCARE special issue in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Biogeosciences, and Atmospheric Measurement Techniques for their time and commitment, (ii) members of the NETCARE Scientific Steering Committee, and (iii) other NETCARE collaborators.2549394<180 Day Usage Count>32246COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1680-73161680-7324ATMOS CHEM PHYSAtmos. Chem. Phys.FEB 28201919425272560
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-201934Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHN1UZGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, goldYN2023-03-13WOS:0004599738000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2061
Recent advances in the study of Arctic submarine permafrost
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESArctic; offshore; submarine permafrost; subsea; thaw ratesQUATERNARY ICE ADVANCES; CENTRAL LAPTEV SEA; SUBSEA PERMAFROST; BEAUFORT SEA; GAS HYDRATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEARING PERMAFROST; METHANE RELEASE; FAN DEVELOPMENT; STABILITY ZONEAngelopoulos, M; Overduin, PP; Miesner, F; Grigoriev, MN; Vasiliev, AAAngelopoulos, Michael; Overduin, Pier P.; Miesner, Frederieke; Grigoriev, Mikhail N.; Vasiliev, Alexander A.EnglishSubmarine permafrost is perennially cryotic earth material that lies offshore. Most submarine permafrost is relict terrestrial permafrost beneath the Arctic shelf seas, was inundated after the last glaciation, and has been warming and thawing ever since. As a reservoir and confining layer for gas hydrates, it has the potential to release greenhouse gasses and impact coastal infrastructure, but its distribution and rate of thaw are poorly constrained by observational data. Lengthening summers, reduced sea ice extent and increased solar heating will increase water temperatures and thaw rates. Observations of gas release from the East Siberian shelf and high methane concentrations in the water column and air above it have been attributed to flowpaths created in thawing permafrost. In this context, it is important to understand the distribution and state of submarine permafrost and how they are changing. We assemble recent and historical drilling data on regional submarine permafrost degradation rates and review recent studies that use modelling, geophysical mapping and geomorphology to characterize submarine permafrost. Implications for submarine permafrost thawing are discussed within the context of methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and global climate change.[Angelopoulos, Michael; Overduin, Pier P.; Miesner, Frederieke] Alfred Wegener Inst Helmhotz Ctr Polar & Marine R, Potsdam, Germany; [Angelopoulos, Michael] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Grigoriev, Mikhail N.] Russian Acad Sci, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Grigoriev, Mikhail N.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Petr Geol & Geophys, Novosibirsk, Russia; [Vasiliev, Alexander A.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Tyumen Sci Ctr, Earth Cryosphere Inst, Moscow, Russia; [Vasiliev, Alexander A.] Tyumen State Univ, Tyumen, RussiaUniversity of Potsdam; Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology & Geophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen State UniversityAngelopoulos, M (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst Helmhotz Ctr Polar & Marine R, Potsdam, Germany.michael.angelopoulos@awi.deAngelopoulos, Michael/CAH-1518-2022; Overduin, Paul P/B-3258-2017Overduin, Paul P/0000-0001-9849-4712; Angelopoulos, Michael/0000-0003-2574-5108; Miesner, Frederieke/0000-0002-2849-0406; Vasiliev, Alexander/0000-0001-5483-84561161516<180 Day Usage Count>424WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL2020313SI442453
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2061http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.206112Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMP8PThybrid, Green Published2023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0005524621000100 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00940-4
The future of Arctic sea-ice biogeochemistry and ice-associated ecosystems
ArticleNATURE CLIMATE CHANGECO2 UPTAKE CAPACITY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON SYSTEM; CANADA BASIN; PACK ICE; IMPACT; SNOW; DRIVERS; EXPORTLannuzel, D; Tedesco, L; van Leeuwe, M; Campbell, K; Flores, H; Delille, B; Miller, L; Stefels, J; Assmy, P; Bowman, J; Brown, K; Castellani, G; Chierici, M; Crabeck, O; Damm, E; Else, B; Fransson, A; Fripiat, F; Geilfus, NX; Jacques, C; Jones, E; Kaartokallio, H; Kotovitch, M; Meiners, K; Moreau, S; Nomura, D; Peeken, I; Rintala, JM; Steiner, N; Tison, JL; Vancoppenolle, M; Van der Linden, F; Vichi, M; Wongpan, PLannuzel, Delphine; Tedesco, Letizia; van Leeuwe, Maria; Campbell, Karley; Flores, Hauke; Delille, Bruno; Miller, Lisa; Stefels, Jacqueline; Assmy, Philipp; Bowman, Jeff; Brown, Kristina; Castellani, Giulia; Chierici, Melissa; Crabeck, Odile; Damm, Ellen; Else, Brent; Fransson, Agneta; Fripiat, Francois; Geilfus, Nicolas-Xavier; Jacques, Caroline; Jones, Elizabeth; Kaartokallio, Hermanni; Kotovitch, Marie; Meiners, Klaus; Moreau, Sebastien; Nomura, Daiki; Peeken, Ilka; Rintala, Janne-Markus; Steiner, Nadja; Tison, Jean-Louis; Vancoppenolle, Martin; Van der Linden, Fanny; Vichi, Marcello; Wongpan, PatEnglishThe Arctic sea-ice-scape is rapidly transforming. Increasing light penetration will initiate earlier seasonal primary production. This earlier growing season may be accompanied by an increase in ice algae and phytoplankton biomass, augmenting the emission of dimethylsulfide and capture of carbon dioxide. Secondary production may also increase on the shelves, although the loss of sea ice exacerbates the demise of sea-ice fauna, endemic fish and megafauna. Sea-ice loss may also deliver more methane to the atmosphere, but warmer ice may release fewer halogens, resulting in fewer ozone depletion events. The net changes in carbon drawdown are still highly uncertain. Despite large uncertainties in these assessments, we expect disruptive changes that warrant intensified long-term observations and modelling efforts. The Arctic is warming and undergoing rapid ice loss. This Perspective considers how changes in sea ice will impact the biogeochemistry and associated ecosystems of the region while calling for more observations to improve our understanding of this complex system.[Lannuzel, Delphine] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Tedesco, Letizia; Kaartokallio, Hermanni] Finnish Environm Inst, Marine Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland; [van Leeuwe, Maria; Stefels, Jacqueline] Univ Groningen, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, Groningen, Netherlands; [Campbell, Karley] Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Flores, Hauke; Castellani, Giulia; Damm, Ellen; Peeken, Ilka] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany; [Delille, Bruno; Kotovitch, Marie; Van der Linden, Fanny] Univ Liege, Unite Oceanog Chim, FOCUS, Liege, Belgium; [Miller, Lisa; Brown, Kristina; Steiner, Nadja] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada; [Assmy, Philipp; Fransson, Agneta; Moreau, Sebastien] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Bowman, Jeff] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA; [Chierici, Melissa; Jones, Elizabeth] Inst Marine Res, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Chierici, Melissa] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway; [Crabeck, Odile] Univ East Anglia, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England; [Else, Brent] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Fripiat, Francois] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Geosci Environm & Soc, Brussels, Belgium; [Geilfus, Nicolas-Xavier] Univ Manitoba, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Jacques, Caroline; Kotovitch, Marie; Tison, Jean-Louis; Van der Linden, Fanny] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Glaciol, DGES, Brussels, Belgium; [Meiners, Klaus] Australian Antarctic Div, Hobart, Tas, Australia; [Nomura, Daiki] Hokkaido Univ, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan; [Rintala, Janne-Markus] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res INAR, Helsinki, Finland; [Vancoppenolle, Martin] Inst Pierre Simon Lapl, Lab Oceanog & Climat, Paris, France; [Vichi, Marcello] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Cape Town, South Africa; [Wongpan, Pat] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Hobart, Tas, AustraliaUniversity of Tasmania; Finnish Environment Institute; University of Groningen; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Liege; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Norwegian Polar Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Institute of Marine Research - Norway; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); University of East Anglia; University of Calgary; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Manitoba; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Australian Antarctic Division; Hokkaido University; University of Helsinki; UDICE-French Research Universities; Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; University of Cape Town; University of TasmaniaLannuzel, D (corresponding author), Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia.delphine.lannuzel@utas.edu.auFlores, Hauke/ABD-1888-2020; Castellani, Giulia/AAS-9298-2021; Fripiat, François/ABB-8918-2021; Vancoppenolle, Martin/AAA-7711-2022; Lannuzel, Delphine/J-7937-2014; Vancoppenolle, Martin/B-3750-2011; Tedesco, Letizia/B-2884-2013; Wongpan, Pat/E-1137-2015; Delille, Bruno/C-3486-2008; /Q-6028-2018; Vichi, Marcello/B-8719-2008Flores, Hauke/0000-0003-1617-5449; Castellani, Giulia/0000-0001-6151-015X; Lannuzel, Delphine/0000-0001-6154-1837; Vancoppenolle, Martin/0000-0002-7573-8582; Tedesco, Letizia/0000-0001-9051-8177; Wongpan, Pat/0000-0002-7113-8221; Rintala, Janne-Markus/0000-0002-3514-6582; Delille, Bruno/0000-0003-0502-8101; Fripiat, Francois/0000-0002-2591-6301; /0000-0003-1882-9303; Vichi, Marcello/0000-0002-0686-9634; Steiner, Nadja/0000-0001-7456-3437; Moreau, Sebastien/0000-0001-9446-812X; Bowman, Jeff/0000-0002-8811-6280; Peeken, Ilka/0000-0003-1531-1664Euromarine NetworkEuromarine NetworkThis Perspective is a product of the Biogeochemical Exchange Processes at Sea-Ice Interfaces (BEPSII) research community. This manuscript was first conceived at the Arctic Sea-Ice Change foresight workshop held in Davos, Switzerland, in June 2018 and is supported by the Euromarine Network.1154345<180 Day Usage Count>1570NATURE RESEARCHBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.NOV20201011983992
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00940-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00940-42020-10-01 00:00:0010Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesOL7OPGreen Submitted, Green Published, Green Accepted2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0005845906000050 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.968583
Climate warming-driven changes in the flux of dissolved organic matter and its effects on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean: A review
ReviewFRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCEArctic Ocean; sea water; dissolved organic matter (DOM); bacterial communities; climate warmingUPPER WATER COLUMN; SINGLE-CELL ACTIVITY; MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; SEA-ICE; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; BLACK CARBON; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BARENTS SEA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHUKCHI BORDERLANDNguyen, HT; Lee, YM; Hong, JK; Hong, SJ; Chen, ML; Hur, JNguyen, Hien Thi; Lee, Yung Mi; Hong, Jong Kuk; Hong, Seongjin; Chen, Meilian; Hur, JinEnglishThe warming of the Arctic Ocean impacts the dissolved organic matter (DOM) imports into the Arctic region, which affects the local bacterial communities. This review addressed the current status of DOM inputs and their potential influences on bacteria data (e.g., population, production, and metabolic activity of bacteria), as well as the projected changes of DOM inputs and bacterial communities as a result of climate warming. Microbial communities are likely affected by the warming climate and the transport of DOM to the Arctic Ocean. Imported DOM can alter Arctic bacterial abundance, cell size, metabolism, and composition. DOM fluxes from Arctic River runoff and adjacent oceans have been enhanced, with warming increasing the contribution of many emerging DOM sources, such as phytoplankton production, melted sea ice, thawed permafrost soil, thawed subsea permafrost, melted glaciers/ice sheets, atmospheric deposition, groundwater discharge, and sediment efflux. Imported DOM contains both allochthonous and autochthonous components; a large quantity of labile DOM comes from emerging sources. As a result, the Arctic sea water DOM composition is transformed to include a wider range of various organic constituents such as carbohydrates (i.e., glucose), proteinaceous compounds (i.e., amino acid and protein-like components) and those with terrigenous origins (i.e., humic-like components). Changes to DOM imports can alter Arctic bacterial abundance, cell size, metabolism, and composition. Under current global warming projections, increased inflow of DOM and more diverse DOM composition would eventually lead to enhanced CO2 emissions and frequent emergence of replacement bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Understanding the changes in DOM fluxes and responses of bacteria in the Arctic broadens our current knowledge of the Arctic Ocean's responses to global warming.[Nguyen, Hien Thi; Hur, Jin] Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul, South Korea; [Lee, Yung Mi; Hong, Jong Kuk] Korea Polar Res Inst KOPRI, Incheon, South Korea; [Hong, Seongjin] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Ocean Environm Sci, Daejeon, South Korea; [Chen, Meilian] Guangdong Techn Israel Inst Technol, Environm Sci & Engn Res Grp, Shantou, Peoples R ChinaSejong University; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Chungnam National UniversityHur, J (corresponding author), Sejong Univ, Dept Environm & Energy, Seoul, South Korea.jinhur@sejong.ac.krNguyen, Hien/HHC-0358-2022National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP) [2020R1A4A2002823, 2021M3I6A1091270]; Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST) [1525011795]National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP)(National Research Foundation of Korea); Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST)This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (No. 2020R1A4A2002823 and 2021M3I6A1091270) and the Korean Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (KIMST grant No. 1525011795).23100<180 Day Usage Count>2727FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-7745FRONT MAR SCIFront. Mar. Sci.SEP 2320229
968583
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.968583http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.96858321Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology5Q4DTgold2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0008737850000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic OceanBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.816666
The Role of Satellite Telemetry Data in 21(st) Century Conservation of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)
ReviewFRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCEclimate change; conservation; movements; polar bear; radio collar; satellite; telemetrySOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; SPACE-USE STRATEGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HABITAT SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; POSITIONING SYSTEM; ICE CONDITIONS; APEX PREDATOR; MOVEMENTSLaidre, KL; Durner, GM; Lunn, NJ; Regehr, EV; Atwood, TC; Rode, KD; Aars, J; Routti, H; Wiig, O; Dyck, M; Richardson, ES; Atkinson, S; Belikov, S; Stirling, ILaidre, Kristin L.; Durner, George M.; Lunn, Nicholas J.; Regehr, Eric V.; Atwood, Todd C.; Rode, Karyn D.; Aars, Jon; Routti, Heli; Wiig, Oystein; Dyck, Markus; Richardson, Evan S.; Atkinson, Stephen; Belikov, Stanislav; Stirling, IanEnglishSatellite telemetry (ST) has played a critical role in the management and conservation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) over the last 50 years. ST data provide biological information relevant to subpopulation delineation, movements, habitat use, maternal denning, health, human-bear interactions, and accurate estimates of vital rates and abundance. Given that polar bears are distributed at low densities over vast and remote habitats, much of the information provided by ST data cannot be collected by other means. Obtaining ST data for polar bears requires chemical immobilization and application of a tracking device. Although immobilization has not been found to have negative effects beyond a several-day reduction in activity, over the last few decades opposition to immobilization and deployment of satellite-linked radio collars has resulted in a lack of current ST data in many of the 19 recognized polar bear subpopulations. Here, we review the uses of ST data for polar bears and evaluate its role in addressing 21(st) century conservation and management challenges, which include estimation of sustainable harvest rates, understanding the impacts of climate warming, delineating critical habitat, and assessing potential anthropogenic impacts from tourism, resource development and extraction. We found that in subpopulations where ST data have been consistently collected, information was available to estimate vital rates and subpopulation density, document the effects of sea-ice loss, and inform management related to subsistence harvest and regulatory requirements. In contrast, a lack of ST data in some subpopulations resulted in increased bias and uncertainty in ecological and demographic parameters, which has a range of negative consequences. As sea-ice loss due to climate warming continues, there is a greater need to monitor polar bear distribution, habitat use, abundance, and subpopulation connectivity. We conclude that continued collection of ST data will be critically important for polar bear management and conservation in the 21(st) century and that the benefits of immobilizing small numbers of individual polar bears in order to deploy ST devices significantly outweigh the risks.NASA [80NSSC18K1229]NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))Funding Authors were supported by their individual agencies. KL was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC18K1229.19611<180 Day Usage Count>711FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-7745FRONT MAR SCIFront. Mar. Sci.APR 1420229
816666
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.816666http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.81666622Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology1Z7JCgold2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0008089950000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northArctic Ocean - Pacific arctic regionBeaufort DeltaBeaufort SeaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100639
Status and trends of Arctic Ocean environmental change and its impacts on marine biogeochemistry: Findings from the ArCS project
ArticlePOLAR SCIENCEArctic ocean; Sea ice reduction; Environmental change; Marine ecosystemSEA CO2 FLUX; CHUKCHI SEA; BIOLOGICAL HOTSPOT; ICE THICKNESS; WIND-DRIVEN; WATER; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; BARROW; BLOOMKikuchi, T; Nishino, S; Fujiwara, A; Onodera, J; Yamamoto-Kawai, M; Mizobata, K; Fukamachi, Y; Watanabe, EKikuchi, Takashi; Nishino, Shigeto; Fujiwara, Amane; Onodera, Jonaotaro; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo; Mizobata, Kohei; Fukamachi, Yasushi; Watanabe, EijiEnglishOcean observation research theme under ArCS project, ?Theme 4: Observational research on Arctic Ocean environmental changes?, aimed to elucidate the status and trends of ongoing Arctic Ocean environmental changes and to evaluate their impacts on Arctic marine ecosystem and the global climate system. For these purposes, we conducted field observations, mooring observations, laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, and international collaborative research focusing on the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) and from Pan-Arctic point of views. As a result, we have published several scientific studies on environmental changes and their impact on the climate and ecosystem. In this manuscript, we compiled these results with some concluding remarks. We found physical environmental changes of water cycle, sea-ice and ocean conditions, heat transport, and ocean mixing in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding areas. We also examined chemical properties, carbon, cycle, and ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean. In addition, new findings regarding impacts of sea-ice reduction to primary productivities were published. For public outreach of Arctic research, we were able to develop an educational tool (a board game named ?The Arctic?) in collaboration with Themes 6 and 7.[Kikuchi, Takashi; Nishino, Shigeto; Fujiwara, Amane; Onodera, Jonaotaro; Watanabe, Eiji] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol IACE RIGC J, Res Inst Global Change, Inst Arctic Climate & Environm Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan; [Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo; Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Tokyo, Japan; [Fukamachi, Yasushi] Hokkaido Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; [Fukamachi, Yasushi] Hokkaido Univ, Global Inst Collaborat Res & Educ, Global Stn Arctic Res, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC); Tokyo University of Marine Science & Technology; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido UniversityKikuchi, T (corresponding author), 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.takashik@jamstec.go.jpYamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/F-7611-2013; Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/0000-0002-1035-2179; Onodera, Jonaotaro/0000-0001-6942-2285; Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349; NISHINO, Shigeto/0000-0002-0560-241XJapanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) through the ArCS project (Arctic Challenge for Sustainability) [JPMXD1300000000]Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) through the ArCS project (Arctic Challenge for Sustainability)We would appreciate all our group members in theme 4 of the ArCS project. We sincerely thank Dr. Fukasawa, who is the Project Director of the ArCS project, and Dr. Sueyoshi, who is the coordinator of the project, for their leadership and encouragement to conduct this project. Most of the publications from our group are collaborative studies with the other ArCS project themes and international projects on the environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean. This study was sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) through the ArCS project (Arctic Challenge for Sustainability, grant number JPMXD1300000000) .4022<180 Day Usage Count>38ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS1873-96521876-4428POLAR SCIPolar Sci.MAR202127
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.100639http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2021.1006392021-04-01 00:00:006Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyRX1JZhybrid2023-03-24 00:00:00WOS:0006469786000040 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13831
Arctic freshwater biodiversity: Establishing baselines, trends, and drivers of ecological change
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYArctic; biomonitoring; climate change; freshwater; policyPERMAFROST THAW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAKES; ECOREGIONS; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENT; WORLDS; COLD; MAPCulp, JM; Goedkoop, W; Christensen, T; Christoffersen, KS; Fefilova, E; Liljaniemi, P; Novichkova, AA; Olafsson, JS; Sandoy, S; Zimmerman, CE; Lento, JCulp, Joseph M.; Goedkoop, Willem; Christensen, Tom; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Fefilova, Elena; Liljaniemi, Petri; Novichkova, Anna A.; Olafsson, Jon S.; Sandoy, Steinar; Zimmerman, Christian E.; Lento, JenniferEnglishClimate change is predicted to have dramatic effects on Arctic freshwater ecosystems through changes to the abiotic template that are expected to influence biodiversity. Changes are already ongoing in Arctic systems, but there is a lack of coordinated monitoring of Arctic freshwaters that hinders our ability to assess changes in biodiversity. To address the need for coordinated monitoring on a circumpolar scale, the Arctic Council working group, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, established the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program, which is an adaptive monitoring program for the Arctic centred around four ecosystem themes (i.e., Freshwater, Terrestrial, Coastal, Marine). The freshwater theme developed a monitoring plan for Arctic freshwater biodiversity and recently completed the first assessment of status and trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity. Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program-Freshwater has compiled and analysed a database of Arctic freshwater monitoring data to form the first report of the state of circumpolar Arctic freshwater biodiversity. This special issue presents the scientific analyses that underlie the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program-Freshwater report and provides analyses of spatial and temporal diversity patterns and the multiple-stressor scenarios that act on the biological assemblages and biogeochemistry of Arctic lakes and rivers. This special issue includes regional patterns for selected groups of organisms in Arctic rivers and lakes of northern Europe, Russia, and North America. Circumpolar assessments for benthic diatoms, macrophytes, plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish demonstrate how climate change and associated environmental drivers affect freshwater biodiversity. Also included are papers on spatial and temporal trends in water chemistry across the circumpolar region, and a systematic review of documented Indigenous Knowledge that demonstrates its potential to support assessment and conservation of Arctic freshwaters. This special issue includes the first circumpolar assessment of trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity and provides important baseline information for future assessments and studies. It represents the largest compilation and assessment of Arctic freshwater biodiversity data to date and strives to provide a holistic view of ongoing change in these ecosystems to support future monitoring efforts. By identifying gaps in monitoring data across the circumpolar region, as well as identifying best practices for monitoring and assessment, this special issue presents an important resource for researchers, policy makers, and Indigenous and local communities that can support future assessments of ecosystem change.[Culp, Joseph M.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Goedkoop, Willem] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Christensen, Tom] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Roskilde, Denmark; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Freshwater Biol Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Fefilova, Elena] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Komi Sci Ctr, Inst Biol, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Liljaniemi, Petri] Minist Environm, Helsinki, Finland; [Novichkova, Anna A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Biol Fac, Dept Ecol & Hydrobiol, Moscow, Russia; [Olafsson, Jon S.] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Sandoy, Steinar] Norwegian Environm Agcy, Trondheim, Norway; [Zimmerman, Christian E.] USGS Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Aarhus University; University of Copenhagen; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI); United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of New BrunswickCulp, JM (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.;Culp, JM (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Waterloo, ON, Canada.jculp@wlu.caChristensen, Tom/ABA-6135-2020; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014Christensen, Tom/0000-0002-8125-6459; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017Environment Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; Russian Academy of Sciences; Denmark environmental agency; Finish ministry of environment; Naturvardsverket; iceland freshwater instituteEnvironment Canada(CGIAR); U.S. Geological Survey(United States Geological Survey); Russian Academy of Sciences(Russian Academy of Sciences); Denmark environmental agency; Finish ministry of environment; Naturvardsverket; iceland freshwater instituteEnvironment Canada; U.S. Geological Survey; Russian Academy of Sciences; Finish ministry of environment; Denmark environmental agency; Naturvardsverket; iceland freshwater institute6600<180 Day Usage Count>1237WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI113
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13831http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.138312021-10-01 00:00:0013Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FD2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0007058378000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0872-8
A synthesis of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycles under pressure from a dwindling cryosphere
ArticleAMBIOArctic; Carbon cycle; Ocean; Permafrost; Sea ice; TundraGREENLAND ICE-SHEET; CO2 UPTAKE CAPACITY; SEA GAS-EXCHANGE; METHANE EMISSIONS; PERMAFROST CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; THAW LAKES; OCEAN; TUNDRA; DEGRADATIONParmentier, FJW; Christensen, TR; Rysgaard, S; Bendtsen, J; Glud, RN; Else, B; van Huissteden, J; Sachs, T; Vonk, JE; Sejr, MKParmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Christensen, Torben R.; Rysgaard, Soren; Bendtsen, Jorgen; Glud, Ronnie N.; Else, Brent; van Huissteden, Jacobus; Sachs, Torsten; Vonk, Jorien E.; Sejr, Mikael K.EnglishThe current downturn of the arctic cryosphere, such as the strong loss of sea ice, melting of ice sheets and glaciers, and permafrost thaw, affects the marine and terrestrial carbon cycles in numerous interconnected ways. Nonetheless, processes in the ocean and on land have been too often considered in isolation while it has become increasingly clear that the two environments are strongly connected: Sea ice decline is one of the main causes of the rapid warming of the Arctic, and the flow of carbon from rivers into the Arctic Ocean affects marine processes and the air-sea exchange of CO2. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycle, connections in between, and how this complex system is affected by climate change and a declining cryosphere. Ultimately, better knowledge of biogeochemical processes combined with improved model representations of ocean-land interactions are essential to accurately predict the development of arctic ecosystems and associated climate feedbacks.[Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.] Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res, Hoyskoleveien 7, N-1430 As, Norway; [Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Rysgaard, Soren] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, CEOS, 440 Wallace Bldg,Ft Gary Campus, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Rysgaard, Soren; Sejr, Mikael K.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, Ny Munkegade 114,Bldg 1540, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Rysgaard, Soren] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Kivioq 2,Box 570, Nuuk 3900, Greenland; [Bendtsen, Jorgen] ClimateLab, Symb Sci Pk,Fruebjergvej 3,Boks 98, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; [Glud, Ronnie N.] Univ Southern Denmark, Nord Ctr Earth Evolut, Dept Biol, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; [Else, Brent] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [van Huissteden, Jacobus; Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci Earth & Climate Cluster, Vrije Univ, Fac Earth & Life Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Sachs, Torsten] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, GermanyNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research; Lund University; University of Manitoba; Aarhus University; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; University of Southern Denmark; University of Calgary; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for GeosciencesParmentier, FJW (corresponding author), Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res, Hoyskoleveien 7, N-1430 As, Norway.frans-jan@thissideofthearctic.org; torben.christensen@nateko.lu.se; rysgaard@umanitoba.ca; jb@climatelab.dk; rnglud@biology.sdu.dk; belse@ucalgary.ca; j.van.huissteden@vu.nl; torsten.sachs@gfz-potsdam.de; j.e.vonk@vu.nl; mse@bios.au.dkSejr, Mikael K./P-4235-2019; Vonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./D-9022-2013Sejr, Mikael K./0000-0001-8370-5791; Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; Parmentier, Frans-Jan W./0000-0003-2952-7706; Glud, Ronnie N./0000-0002-7069-893X; Sachs, Torsten/0000-0002-9959-4771; van Huissteden, Jacobus/0000-0001-7730-2793; Christensen, Torben R./0000-0002-4917-148X; Rysgaard, Soren/0000-0003-1726-2958Nordic Top Level Research Initiative (TRI); Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST; Danish National Research Council (FNU) [0602-02276B]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme [669947, HADES-ERC]Nordic Top Level Research Initiative (TRI); Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST; Danish National Research Council (FNU)(Danmarks GrundforskningsfondDanish Natural Science Research Council); European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme(European Research Council (ERC))We would like to acknowledge the Nordic Top Level Research Initiative (TRI) and the Nordic Centre of Excellence DEFROST for supporting this research. SR would like to thank the Canada Excellent Research Chair program and RNG was supported by the Danish National Research Council (FNU; 0602-02276B) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No 669947; HADES-ERC).1273838<180 Day Usage Count>474SPRINGERDORDRECHTVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS0044-74471654-7209AMBIOAmbioFEB2017461SIS53S69
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0872-8http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0872-817Engineering, Environmental; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Engineering; Environmental Sciences & EcologyEM2CV28116680Green Published, Green Submitted, Green Accepted, hybrid2023-03-13WOS:0003951249000060 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13645
Abruptly and irreversibly changing Arctic freshwaters urgently require standardized monitoring
ArticleJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGYArctic; biodiversity; cold-water ecosystems; ecological change; freshwater; high latitudes; temporal changePERMAFROST THAW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; SEDIMENTHeino, J; Culp, JM; Erkinaro, J; Goedkoop, W; Lento, J; Ruhland, KM; Smol, JPHeino, Jani; Culp, Joseph M.; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Goedkoop, Willem; Lento, Jennifer; Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.EnglishArctic regions support a wide variety of freshwater ecosystems. These naturally oligotrophic and cold-water streams, rivers, ponds and lakes are currently being impacted by a diverse range of anthropogenic pressures, such as accelerated climate change, permafrost thaw, land-use change, eutrophication, brownification and the replacement of northern biota with the range expansion of more southern species. Multiple stressors are rapidly changing Arctic freshwater systems as aquatic habitats are becoming more suitable for species originating from more southerly regions and thereby threatening biota adapted to cold waters. The livelihoods of Indigenous Peoples of the north will be altered when ecosystem services associated with changes in biodiversity are affected. Unfortunately, monitoring of biodiversity change in Arctic freshwaters is currently inadequate, making it difficult, if not impossible, to predict changes in ecosystem services. Synthesis and applications. We propose a three-step approach to better address and facilitate monitoring of the rapid ecological changes that Arctic freshwater ecosystems are currently experiencing as a result of climate change. First, we should increase our efforts in the monitoring of freshwaters across all Arctic countries by setting up a network of monitoring sites and devoting more effort to a broad-scale baseline survey using standardized methods. Second, we should enhance modelling efforts to include both ecological change and socio-economic development. These models should help pinpoint species, ecosystems and geographical areas that are likely to show abrupt changes in response to any changes. Third, we should increase interaction among scientists, policymakers and different stakeholder groups. In particular, Indigenous Peoples must be involved in the leadership, planning and execution of monitoring and assessment activities of Arctic freshwaters. The proposed approach, which is critical to detecting the effects of climate change in the circumpolar region, has broader applications for global coordination of Arctic freshwater biomonitoring. Through routine monitoring, standardization of methods, enhanced modelling of integrated scientific and socio-economic change, and increased collaboration within and among sectors, more effective monitoring and management of climate change impacts on freshwater biodiversity will be possible in the Arctic and globally.[Heino, Jani] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Oulu, Finland; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Culp, Joseph M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Erkinaro, Jaakko] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, Oulu, Finland; [Goedkoop, Willem] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, Uppsala, Sweden; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Ruhland, Kathleen M.; Smol, John P.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Paleoecol Environm Assessment & Res Lab PEARL, Kingston, ON, CanadaFinnish Environment Institute; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; University of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick; Queens University - CanadaHeino, J (corresponding author), Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Freshwater Ctr, Oulu, Finland.jani.heino@environment.fiLento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019; Heino, Jani/E-6342-2010Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Heino, Jani/0000-0003-1235-6613393131<180 Day Usage Count>527WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0021-89011365-2664J APPL ECOLJ. Appl. Ecol.JUL202057711921198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13645http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.136452020-06-01 00:00:007Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyME5TDhybrid, Green Published2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005385746000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157445
Arctic methylmercury cycling
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMethylmercury; Methylation; Demethylation; Bioaccumulation; Biomagnification; BudgetDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; TOTAL MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; LAKE FOOD WEBS; METHYLATED MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; PERMAFROST THAWJonsson, S; Mastromonaco, MN; Wang, F; Bravo, AG; Cairns, WRL; Chetelat, J; Douglas, TA; Lescord, G; Ukonmaanaho, L; Heimburger-Boavida, LEJonsson, Sofi; Mastromonaco, Michelle Nerentorp; Wang, Feiyue; Bravo, Andrea G.; Cairns, Warren R. L.; Chetelat, John; Douglas, Thomas A.; Lescord, Gretchen; Ukonmaanaho, Liisa; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-EricEnglishAnthropogenic mercury (Hg) undergoes long-range transport to the Arctic where some of it is transformed into methylmercury (MeHg), potentially leading to high exposure in some Arctic inhabitants and wildlife. The environmental exposure of Hg is determined not just by the amount of Hg entering the Arctic, but also by biogeochemical and ecological processes occurring in the Arctic. These processes affect MeHg uptake in biota by regulating the bioavailability, methylation and demethylation, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of MeHg in Arctic ecosystems. Here, we present a new budget for pools and fluxes of MeHg in the Arctic and review the scientific advances made in the last decade on processes leading to environmental exposure to Hg. Methylation and demethylation are key processes controlling the pool of MeHg available for bioaccumulation. Methylation of Hg occurs in diverse Arctic environments including permafrost, sediments and the ocean water column, and is primarily a process carried out by microorganisms. While microorganisms carrying the hgcAB gene pair (responsible for Hg methylation) have been identified in Arctic soils and thawing permafrost, the formation pathway of MeHg in oxic marine waters remains less clear. Hotspots for methylation of Hg in terrestrial environments include thermokarst wetlands, ponds and lakes. The shallow sub-surface enrichment of MeHg in the Arctic Ocean, in comparison to other marine systems, is a possible explanation for high MeHg concentrations in some Arctic biota. Bioconcentration of aqueous MeHg in bacteria and algae is a critical step in the transfer of Hg to top predators, which may be dampened or enhanced by the presence of organic matter. Variable trophic position has an important influence on MeHg concentrations among populations of top predator species such as ringed seal and polar bears distributed across the circumpolar Arctic. These scientific advances highlight key processes that affect the fate of anthropogenic Hg deposited to Arctic environments.[Jonsson, Sofi] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; [Mastromonaco, Michelle Nerentorp] Swedish Environm Res Inst, IVL, SE-41133 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Wang, Feiyue] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Ctr Earth Observat Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Bravo, Andrea G.] Inst Ciencies Mar ICM CSIC, Dept Marine Biol & Oceanog, Barcelona, Spain; [Cairns, Warren R. L.] CNR Inst Polar Sci & Ca Foscari Univ, Venice, Italy; [Chetelat, John] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, Fort Wainwright, AK USA; [Lescord, Gretchen] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada & Laurentian Univ, Vale Living Lakes Ctr, Sudbury, ON, Canada; [Ukonmaanaho, Liisa] Nat Resources Inst Finland Luke, POB 2, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; [Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric] Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Toulon, CNRS INSU, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog MIO, Marseille, FranceStockholm University; IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute; University of Manitoba; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro Mediterraneo de Investigaciones Marinas y Ambientales (CMIMA); CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM); Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille UniversiteJonsson, S (corresponding author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.sofi.jonsson@aces.su.se; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/AAF-6856-2021Lescord, Gretchen/0000-0003-2475-0060; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183Swedish Research Council [2017-05275]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2020-01868]; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Chantier Arctique Francais; AXA Research FundSwedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning(Swedish Research Council Formas); Environment and Climate Change Canada; Canada Research Chairs program(Canada Research Chairs); Chantier Arctique Francais; AXA Research Fund(AXA Research Fund)This review is a result of efforts led by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the AMAP Mercury Expert Group to produce the 2021 AMAP Mercury Assessment. We thank Rune Dietz (Aarhus University) and Simon Wilson (AMAP) for provided guidance and support. Graphics production and technical editingwere supported by AMAP. We also acknowledge Adam Kirkwood (Laurentian University), Daniel Obrist (University of Massachusetts), Peter Outridge (Geological Survey of Canada/University of Manitoba), Kyra A. St Pierre (University of British Columbia) and Christian Zdanowicz (Uppsala University) for their contributions to chapter 4 of the 2021 AMAPMercury Assessment. This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2017-05275 to SJ), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (2020-01868 to S.J.), Environment and Climate Change Canada (to J.C.), the Canada Research Chairs program (to F.W.), Chantier Arctique Francais (Pollution in the Arctic System to L.E.H.B) and the AXA Research Fund (to L.E.H.B).25500<180 Day Usage Count>2428ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 12022850
157445
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157445http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1574452022-08-01 00:00:0021Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology6Q8HV35882324Green Submitted, Green Published2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0008918519000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13405
Circumpolar patterns of Arctic freshwater fish biodiversity: A baseline for monitoring
ArticleFRESHWATER BIOLOGYbeta-diversity; dissimilarity; distribution; richness; spatial scaleBETA-DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY; DIVERSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ECOREGIONS; SIZE; DIFFERENTIATION; CONNECTIVITY; STICKLEBACKLaske, SM; Amundsen, PA; Christoffersen, KS; Erkinaro, J; Gudbergsson, G; Hayden, B; Heino, J; Holmgren, K; Kahilainen, KK; Lento, J; Orell, P; Ostergren, J; Power, M; Rafikov, R; Romakkaniemi, A; Svenning, MA; Swanson, H; Whitman, M; Zimmerman, CELaske, Sarah M.; Amundsen, Per-Arne; Christoffersen, Kirsten S.; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Gudbergsson, Gudni; Hayden, Brian; Heino, Jani; Holmgren, Kerstin; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Lento, Jennifer; Orell, Panu; Ostergren, Johan; Power, Michael; Rafikov, Ruslan; Romakkaniemi, Atso; Svenning, Martin-A.; Swanson, Heidi; Whitman, Matthew; Zimmerman, Christian E.EnglishClimate change, biological invasions, and anthropogenic disturbance pose a threat to the biodiversity and function of Arctic freshwater ecosystems. Understanding potential changes in fish species distribution and richness is necessary, given the great importance of fish to the function of freshwater ecosystems and as a resource to humans. However, information gaps limit large-scale studies and our ability to determine patterns and trends in space and time. This study takes the first step in determining circumpolar patterns of fish species richness and composition, which provides a baseline to improve both monitoring and conservation of Arctic freshwater biodiversity. Information on species presence/absence was gathered from the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program's Freshwater Database and used to examine patterns of freshwater fish gamma-, alpha-, and beta-diversity across 234 degrees of longitude in the Arctic. The metrics of diversity provided information on species richness and composition across hydrobasins, ecoregions, and Arctic zones. Circumpolar patterns of fish species biodiversity varied with latitude, isolation, and coarse ecoregion characteristics; patterns were consistent with historic and contemporary barriers to colonisation and environmental characteristics. Gamma-diversity was lower in the high Arctic compared to lower latitude zones, but alpha-diversity did not decrease with increasing latitude below 71 degrees N, reflecting glacial history. Alpha-diversity was reduced to a single species, Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, in ecoregions above 71 degrees N, where gamma-diversity was the lowest. Beta-diversity indicated little variation in the composition and richness of species across the High Arctic; at lower latitudes, ecoregions contained more species, although species composition turned over across large spatial extents. In an analysis of five ecoregions in the circumpolar Arctic, physical isolation, and ecoregion area and topography were identified as strong drivers of gamma-, alpha-, and beta-diversity. Physical isolation reduced the gamma- and alpha-diversity, and changes in beta-diversity between adjacent locations were due mainly to losses in species richness, rather than due to differences in species composition. Heterogeneity of habitats, environmental gradients, and geographic distance probably contributed to patterns of fish dissimilarity within and across ecoregions. This study presents the first analysis of large-scale patterns of freshwater fish biodiversity in the circumpolar Arctic. However, information gaps in space, time, and among taxonomic groups remain. Future inclusion of extensive archive and new data will allow future studies to test for changes and drivers of the observed patterns of biodiversity. This is important given the potential impacts of ongoing and accelerating climate change, land use, and biotic exchange on Arctic fish biodiversity.[Laske, Sarah M.; Zimmerman, Christian E.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Amundsen, Per-Arne] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, Tromso, Norway; [Christoffersen, Kirsten S.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Freshwater Biol Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Erkinaro, Jaakko; Orell, Panu; Romakkaniemi, Atso] Nat Resources Inst Finland, Oulu, Finland; [Gudbergsson, Gudni] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland; [Hayden, Brian; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Heino, Jani] Finnish Environm Inst, Freshwater Ctr, Oulu, Finland; [Holmgren, Kerstin; Ostergren, Johan] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Inst Freshwater Res, Dept Aquat Resources, Drottningholm, Sweden; [Kahilainen, Kimmo K.] Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Evenstad, Norway; [Power, Michael; Swanson, Heidi] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Rafikov, Ruslan] Russian Acad Sci, Komi Sci Ctr, Inst Biol, Syktyvkar, Russia; [Svenning, Martin-A.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, Arctic Ecol Dept, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway; [Whitman, Matthew] US Bur Land Management, Fairbanks, AK USAUnited States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Copenhagen; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke); Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI); University of New Brunswick; Finnish Environment Institute; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences; University of Waterloo; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch RAS; Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Norwegian Institute Nature ResearchLaske, SM (corresponding author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.slaske@usgs.govHeino, Jani/E-6342-2010; Lento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019; Gudbergsson, Gudni/AAJ-5553-2020; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/K-8423-2014Heino, Jani/0000-0003-1235-6613; Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Hayden, Brian/0000-0002-8524-7373; Christoffersen, Kirsten Seestern/0000-0002-3324-1017; Laske, Sarah/0000-0002-6096-0420; Amundsen, Per-Arne/0000-0002-2203-8216Academy of Finland [1140903, 1268566]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Norwegian Research Council [183984, 186320, 213610]; Danish Environmental Agency; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia) [AAAA-A17-117112850235-2]Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Norwegian Research Council(Research Council of Norway); Danish Environmental Agency; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia)Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: (1140903, 1268566); Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Norwegian Research Council, Grant/Award Number: (183984, 186320, 213610); Danish Environmental Agency; Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Russia), Grant/Award Number: (AAAA-A17-117112850235-2)881011<180 Day Usage Count>727WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI176193
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13405http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.134052019-10-01 00:00:0018Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDGreen Submitted, Green Accepted, hybrid, Green Published2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004910722000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153715
Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Abiotic interactions
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTMethylmercury; Transport; Biogeochemistry; Arctic; Permafrost; CryosphereDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BROMINE EXPLOSION EVENT; LONG-TERM CHANGES; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SEA-ICE; FRESH-WATER; METHYLMERCURY PRODUCTION; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIESChetelat, J; McKinney, MA; Amyot, M; Dastoor, A; Douglas, TA; Heimburger-Boavida, LE; Kirk, J; Kahilainen, KK; Outridge, PM; Pelletier, N; Skov, H; St Pierre, K; Vuorenmaa, J; Wang, FYChetelat, John; McKinney, Melissa A.; Amyot, Marc; Dastoor, Ashu; Douglas, Thomas A.; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric; Kirk, Jane; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Outridge, Peter M.; Pelletier, Nicolas; Skov, Henrik; St Pierre, Kyra; Vuorenmaa, Jussi; Wang, FeiyueEnglishDramatic environmental shifts are occuring throughout the Arctic from climate change, with consequences for the cycling of mercury (Hg). This review summarizes the latest science on how climate change is influencing Hg transport and biogeochemical cycling in Arctic terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. As environmental changes in the Arctic continue to accelerate, a clearer picture is emerging of the profound shifts in the climate and cryosphere, and their connections to Hg cycling. Modeling results suggest climate influences seasonal and interannual variability of atmospheric Hg deposition. The clearest evidence of current climate change effects is for Hg transport from terrestrial catchments, where widespread permafrost thaw, glacier melt and coastal erosion are increasing the export of Hg to downstreamenvironments. Recent estimates suggest Arctic permafrost is a large global reservoir of Hg, which is vulnerable to degradation with climate warming, although the fate of permafrost soil Hg is unclear. The increasing development of thermokarst features, the formation and expansion of thaw lakes, and increased soil erosion in terrestrial landscapes are increasing river transport of particulate-bound Hg and altering conditions for aquatic Hg transformations. Greater organic matter transport may also be influencing the downstream transport and fate of Hg. More severe and frequent wildfires within the Arctic and across boreal regions may be contributing to the atmospheric pool of Hg. Climate change influences on Hg biogeochemical cycling remain poorly understood. Seasonal evasion and retention of inorganic Hg may be altered by reduced sea-ice cover and higher chloride content in snow. Experimental evidence indicates warmer temperatures enhance methylmercury production in ocean and lake sediments as well as in tundra soils. Improved geographic coverage of measurements andmodeling approaches are needed to better evaluate net effects of climate change and long-term implications for Hg contamination in the Arctic.[Chetelat, John] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [McKinney, Melissa A.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Amyot, Marc] Grp Rech Interuniv Limnol GRIL, Dept Sci Biol, Complexe Sci, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Dastoor, Ashu] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99709 USA; [Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS INSU, Univ Toulon, IRD,Mediterranean Inst Oceanog MIO,UM 110, Marseille, France; [Kirk, Jane] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Kahilainen, Kimmo K.] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, Paajarventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland; [Outridge, Peter M.] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Pelletier, Nicolas] Carleton Univ, Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Skov, Henrik] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, IClimate, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [St Pierre, Kyra] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Vuorenmaa, Jussi] Finnish Environm Inst SYKE, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland; [Wang, Feiyue] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Ctr Earth Observat Sci CEOS, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; McGill University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille Universite; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Helsinki; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; Aarhus University; University of British Columbia; Finnish Environment Institute; University of ManitobaChetelat, J (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.john.chetelat@ec.gc.ca; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/AAF-6856-2021Kahilainen, Kimmo/0000-0002-1539-014X; Dastoor, Ashu/0000-0002-3312-7484; Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183; Chetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203AMAP; Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region project) [2019-7975]; European ERA-PLANET project; iGOSP [689443]; European ERA-PLANET project: iCUPE [689443]; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland [PC0TQ4BT-22]AMAP; Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region project); European ERA-PLANET project; iGOSP; European ERA-PLANET project: iCUPE; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of FinlandThis review is a result of efforts led by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the AMAP Mercury Expert Group to produce the 2021 AMAP Mercury Assessment. We thank assessment leads Rune Dietz (Aarhus University) and Simon Wilson (AMAP) for their guidance, support, and technical insights on the material. Graphics production and technical editing were supported by AMAP. Institutional support for this review was provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Henrik Skov acknowledges The Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DANCEA funds for Environmental Support to the Arctic Region project; grant no. 2019-7975) and the European ERA-PLANET projects; iGOSP and iCUPE (consortium agreement no. 689443 for both projects) for financial support. Kimmo K. Kahilainen and Jussi Vuorenmaa acknowledge the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (grant agreement no. PC0TQ4BT-22) for the financial support of the study. We appreciate the constructive comments from anonymous reviewers of the chapter in the 2021 AMAP Mercury Assessment and from reviewers of this manuscript, which is derived from that chapter.2531313<180 Day Usage Count>4977ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.JUN 102022824
153715
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153715http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1537152022-02-01 00:00:0017Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyZP1BZ35149079Green Published, hybridYN2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0007661613000210 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155221
Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Biotic interactions
ArticleSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTBioaccumulation; Food webs; Global warming; Methylmercury; Polar regionsCHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA; COD BOREOGADUS SAIDA; POLAR BEARS; FRESH-WATER; RINGED SEALS; TUNDRA VEGETATION; FISH COMMUNITIES; TROPHIC POSITIONMcKinney, MA; Chetelat, J; Burke, SM; Elliott, KH; Fernie, KJ; Houde, M; Kahilainen, KK; Letcher, RJ; Morris, AD; Muir, DCG; Routti, H; Yurkowski, DJMcKinney, Melissa A.; Chetelat, John; Burke, Samantha M.; Elliott, Kyle H.; Fernie, Kim J.; Houde, Magali; Kahilainen, Kimmo K.; Letcher, Robert J.; Morris, Adam D.; Muir, Derek C. G.; Routti, Heli; Yurkowski, David J.EnglishGlobal climate change has led to profound alterations of the Arctic environment and ecosystems, with potential sec-ondary effects on mercury (Hg) within Arctic biota. This review presents the current scientific evidence for impacts of direct physical climate change and indirect ecosystem change on Hg exposure and accumulation in Arctic terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms. As the marine environment is elevated in Hg compared to the terrestrial environ-ment, terrestrial herbivores that now exploit coastal/marine foods when terrestrial plants are iced over may be ex-posed to higher Hg concentrations. Conversely, certain populations of predators, including Arctic foxes and polar bears, have shown lower Hg concentrations related to reduced sea ice-based foraging and increased land-based forag-ing. How climate change influences Hg in Arctic freshwater fishes is not clear, but for lacustrine populations it may depend on lake-specific conditions, including interrelated alterations in lake ice duration, turbidity, food web length and energy sources (benthic to pelagic), and growth dilution. In several marine mammal and seabird species, tissue Hg concentrations have shown correlations with climate and weather variables, including climate oscillation indices and sea ice trends; these findings suggest that wind, precipitation, and cryosphere changes that alter Hg transport and deposition are impacting Hg concentrations in Arctic marine organisms. Ecological changes, including northward range shifts of sub-Arctic species and altered body condition, have also been shown to affect Hg levels in some populations of Arctic marine species. Given the limited number of populations and species studied to date, especially within Arctic terrestrial and freshwater systems, further research is needed on climate-driven processes influencing Hg concentrations in Arctic ecosystems and their net effects. Long-term pan-Arctic monitoring programs should consider ancillary datasets on climate, weather, organism ecology and physiology to improve interpretation of spatial variation and time trends of Hg in Arctic biota.[McKinney, Melissa A.; Elliott, Kyle H.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Chetelat, John; Letcher, Robert J.] Carleton Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Burke, Samantha M.] Minnow Aquat Environm Serv, Guelph, ON N1H 1E9, Canada; [Fernie, Kim J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Montreal, PQ H2Y 5E7, Canada; [Kahilainen, Kimmo K.] Univ Helsinki, Lammi Biol Stn, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland; [Morris, Adam D.] Crown Indigenous Relat & Northern Affairs Canada, Northern Contaminants Program, Gatineau, PQ J8X 2V6, Canada; [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Routti, Heli] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Yurkowski, David J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Aquat Res Div, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, CanadaMcGill University; Carleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service; National Wildlife Research Centre - Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Helsinki; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Norwegian Polar Institute; Fisheries & Oceans CanadaMcKinney, MA (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada.melissa.mckinney@mcgill.caChetelat, John/0000-0002-9380-7203; Kahilainen, Kimmo/0000-0002-1539-014XNorwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment; Norwegian Polar Institute, Norwegian Research Council; DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Envi-ronment in the Arctic) program; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada); ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNorwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment; Norwegian Polar Institute, Norwegian Research Council; DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Envi-ronment in the Arctic) program; Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada); ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)Acknowledgements This review is a result of efforts led by the Arctic Monitoring and Assess-ment Programme (AMAP) and the AMAP Mercury Expert Group to produce the 2021 AMAP Mercury Assessment. We thank assessment leads Rune Dietz (Aarhus University) and Simon Wilson (AMAP) for their guidance, support, and technical insights on the material. Graphics production and technical editing were supported by AMAP. Institutional support for this re-view was provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Studies reported in this review were supported by funding from the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment and the Norwegian Polar Institute, Norwegian Research Council, the DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Envi-ronment in the Arctic) program, the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) , ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada) , and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Thank you to the reviewers, including those that peer-reviewed the chapter from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report. Thanks also to the many Indig-enous hunters, Arctic organizations, and colleagues that contributed to sample collections, data, and analysis for the studies reviewed in the present article.20777<180 Day Usage Count>3247ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.AUG 152022834
155221
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155221http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.1552212022-04-01 00:00:0017Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology1H3GZ354276232023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0007964346000100 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0023
Effects of changing permafrost and snow conditions on tundra wildlife: critical places and times
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEice; permafrost; snow; tundra; wildlifeCANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO; ICE-WEDGE DEGRADATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BYLOT ISLAND; ACTIVE-LAYER; HABITAT SELECTION; SEASONAL SNOW; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CAMOUFLAGE MISMATCHBerteaux, D; Gauthier, G; Domine, F; Ims, RA; Lamoureux, SF; Levesque, E; Yoccoz, NBerteaux, Dominique; Gauthier, Gilles; Domine, Florent; Ims, Rolf A.; Lamoureux, Scott F.; Levesque, Esther; Yoccoz, NigelEnglishThe change of water phase around 0 degrees C has considerable impacts on wildlife ecology because liquid and solid water strongly differ in their insulating capability, mechanical resistance, and light reflectance. Freeze and melt events thus have strong ecological relevance, particularly in the Arctic where snow and ice are omnipresent and their conditions are changing due to climate warming. We first review the mechanisms linking water phase transitions to wildlife ecology, with emphasis on seven key processes. These processes are illustrated with examples or detailed case studies, such as snowmelt and icing events affecting herbivore populations, thaw-induced collapse of structures used by wildlife for reproduction, and thermal erosion of ice wedges reducing waterfowl habitat. We infer that water phase transitions generate some critical places and critical times that play a disproportionate role in the ecology of tundra wildlife. We map these critical places and times to help structure future research on the effects of climate change on tundra wildlife in a context where changing permafrost and snow conditions might trigger abrupt ecological responses in the Arctic tundra.[Berteaux, Dominique] Univ Quebec, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Berteaux, Dominique] Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Gauthier, Gilles] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Gauthier, Gilles; Domine, Florent] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Domine, Florent] Univ Laval, Takuvik Joint Int Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Domine, Florent] CNRS, INSU, Paris, France; [Domine, Florent] Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,1045 Ave Med, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Domine, Florent] Univ Laval, Dept Chem, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Ims, Rolf A.; Yoccoz, Nigel] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Lamoureux, Scott F.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Levesque, Esther] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Dept Sci Environm, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada; [Levesque, Esther] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Ctr Etud Nord, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, CanadaUniversity of Quebec; University of Quebec; Laval University; Laval University; Laval University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Laval University; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Queens University - Canada; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois Rivieres; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Trois RivieresBerteaux, D (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Canada Res Chair Northern Biodivers, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.;Berteaux, D (corresponding author), Univ Quebec, Ctr Etud Nord, 300 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada.dominique_berteaux@uqar.caYoccoz, Nigel/C-8561-2014Yoccoz, Nigel/0000-0003-2192-1039; Gauthier, Gilles/0000-0002-2624-3508Discovery frontiers Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; Ouranos Consortium on Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate ChangeDiscovery frontiers Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet; Ouranos Consortium on Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate ChangeThis review originated in the project Arctic Development and Adaptation to Permafrost in Transition (ADAPT), funded by the Discovery frontiers Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Preparation work was also supported by the Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada ArcticNet and the Ouranos Consortium on Regional Climatology and Adaptation to Climate Change, through grants to D. Berteaux. Daniel Fortier and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments.1394949<180 Day Usage Count>658CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN201732SI6590
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0023http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-002326Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsFN9YKGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004163988000030 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000347
Arctic systems in the Quaternary: ecological collision, faunal mosaics and the consequences of a wobbling climate
ArticleJOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGYHISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; PARASITES; SPECIATION; MARINE; DIVERSIFICATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COLONIZATION; OSCILLATIONS; COEVOLUTION; DISPERSALHoberg, EP; Cook, JA; Agosta, SJ; Boeger, W; Galbreath, KE; Laaksonen, S; Kutz, SJ; Brooks, DRHoberg, E. P.; Cook, J. A.; Agosta, S. J.; Boeger, W.; Galbreath, K. E.; Laaksonen, S.; Kutz, S. J.; Brooks, D. R.EnglishClimate oscillations and episodic processes interact with evolution, ecology and biogeography to determine the structure and complex mosaic that is the biosphere. Parasites and parasite-host assemblages are key components in a general explanatory paradigm for global biodiversity. We explore faunal assembly in the context of Quaternary time frames of the past 2.6 million years, a period dominated by episodic shifts in climate. Climate drivers cross a continuum from geological to contemporary timescales and serve to determine the structure and distribution of complex biotas. Cycles within cycles are apparent, with drivers that are layered, multifactorial and complex. These cycles influence the dynamics and duration of shifts in environmental structure on varying temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the dynamics of high-latitude systems, the history of the Beringian nexus (the intermittent land connection linking Eurasia and North America) and downstream patterns of diversity depend on teasing apart the complexity of biotic assembly and persistence. Although climate oscillations have dominated the Quaternary, contemporary dynamics are driven by tipping points and shifting balances emerging from anthropogenic forces that are disrupting ecological structure. Climate change driven by anthropogenic forcing has supplanted a history of episodic variation and is eliminating ecological barriers and constraints on development and distribution for pathogen transmission. A framework to explore interactions of episodic processes on faunal structure and assembly is the Stockholm Paradigm, which appropriately shifts the focus from cospeciation to complexity and contingency in explanations of diversity.[Hoberg, E. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, BARC East 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; [Cook, J. A.] Univ New Mexico, Museum Southwestern Biol, Albuquerque, NM USA; [Cook, J. A.] Univ New Mexico, Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA; [Agosta, S. J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA USA; [Agosta, S. J.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA; [Boeger, W.] Univ Fed Parana, Lab Ecol Mol & Parasitol Evolut, Caixa Postal 19073, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; [Galbreath, K. E.] Northern Michigan Univ, Biol Dept, Marquette, MI 49855 USA; [Laaksonen, S.] Univ Helsinki, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Helsinki, Finland; [Kutz, S. J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Brooks, D. R.] Inst Adv Studies, Europe House,Koszeg Chernel St 14, H-9730 Koszeg, HungaryUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA); University of New Mexico; University of New Mexico; Virginia Commonwealth University; Virginia Commonwealth University; Universidade Federal do Parana; Northern Michigan University; University of Helsinki; University of CalgaryHoberg, EP (corresponding author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, BARC East 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.Eric.Hoberg@ars.usda.govCook, Joseph A/HNR-3803-2023; Boeger, Walter/G-1820-2012Boeger, Walter/0000-0002-6004-2822; Galbreath, Kurt/0000-0002-8065-0833; kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-8687National Science Foundation (NSF); Integrated Inventories of Biomes of the Arctic through NSF [DEB-0196095, 0415668, 1250810]National Science Foundation (NSF)(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Integrated Inventories of Biomes of the Arctic through NSFWe acknowledge support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) as this perspective represents a continuing contribution of the Beringian Coevolution Project and the Integrated Inventories of Biomes of the Arctic through grants from the NSF to J.A.C., E.P.H., K.E.G. and E.DeChaine (DEB-0196095, 0415668 and 1250810).992828<180 Day Usage Count>152CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSCAMBRIDGEEDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND0022-149X1475-2697J HELMINTHOLJ. Helminthol.JUL2017914409421
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17000347http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X1700034713Parasitology; ZoologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Parasitology; ZoologyEW9MX284129802023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004028450000020 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021
Invited perspective: What lies beneath a changing Arctic?
ArticleCRYOSPHEREGROUNDWATER-FLOW; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST; SYSTEMS; THAWMcKenzie, JM; Kurylyk, BL; Walvoord, MA; Bense, VF; Fortier, D; Spence, C; Grenier, CMcKenzie, Jeffrey M.; Kurylyk, Barret L.; Walvoord, Michelle A.; Bense, Victor F.; Fortier, Daniel; Spence, Christopher; Grenier, ChristopheEnglishAs permafrost thaws in the Arctic, new subsurface pathways open for the transport of groundwater, energy, and solutes. We identify different ways that these subsurface changes are driving observed surface consequences, including the potential for increased contaminant transport, modification to water resources, and enhanced rates of infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads) damage. Further, as permafrost thaws it allows groundwater to transport carbon, nutrients, and other dissolved constituents from terrestrial to aquatic environments via progressively deeper subsurface flow paths. Cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions, should be included in northern research initiatives to account for this hidden catalyst of environmental and societal change. the underpinnings of many of these water-related changes lie beneath the depths of these investigations. Thawing of ancient permafrost is opening new subsurface pathways for groundwater flow (Walvoord and Kurylyk, 2016), thereby altering fluxes and distribution of water, energy, and solutes that can be observed at the Earth's surface. Scientific advances in predicting future climate change require integration of subsurface processes within a broader understanding of change in the Arctic, herein broadly defined to include Arctic and subarctic regions. We argue that groundwater is a catalyst of change in Arctic regions, and we call for a more prominent inclusion of cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions, in transdisciplinary research initiatives.[McKenzie, Jeffrey M.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada; [Kurylyk, Barret L.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Civil & Resource Engn, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Kurylyk, Barret L.] Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Water Resources Studies, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Syst Proc Div, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA; [Bense, Victor F.] Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands; [Fortier, Daniel] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Cold Reg Geomorphol & Geotech Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Spence, Christopher] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Grenier, Christophe] Univ Paris Saclay, CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, FranceMcGill University; Dalhousie University; Dalhousie University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Wageningen University & Research; Universite de Montreal; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris Saclay; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)McKenzie, JM (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 0E8, Canada.jeffrey.mckenzie@mcgill.caWalvoord, Michelle/AAQ-1137-2020Walvoord, Michelle/0000-0003-4269-8366; Kurylyk, Barret/0000-0002-8244-3838; McKenzie, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0469-6469; Bense, Victor/0000-0002-3675-5232451718<180 Day Usage Count>312COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1994-04161994-0424CRYOSPHERECryosphereFEB 12021151479484
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-479-20216Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyQG4EIgold, Green Submitted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0006175402000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllBoreal regionNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100258
Impacts of wildfire on soil microbiome in Boreal environments
ArticleCURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & HEALTHFire disturbance; Boreal forest; Microbiome; Soil fungi; Soil bacteriaKoster, K; Aaltonen, H; Berninger, F; Heinonsalo, J; Koster, E; Ribeiro-Kumara, C; Sun, H; Tedersoo, L; Zhou, X; Pumpanen, JKoster, Kajar; Aaltonen, Heidi; Berninger, Frank; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Egle; Ribeiro-Kumara, Caius; Sun, Hui; Tedersoo, Leho; Zhou, Xuan; Pumpanen, JukkaEnglishThe temperature changes for the future climate are predicted to be the most pronounced in boreal and arctic regions, affecting the stability of permafrost and fire dynamics of these areas. Fires can affect soil microbiome (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) directly via generated heat, whereas fire-altered soil properties have an indirect effect on soil microbiome. Fires usually decrease microbial biomass and alter microbial community composition. These changes can take decades to recover to prefire states. As the fire occurrence times are expected to change in the future, and the fire return intervals, intensity, and severity are expected to increase in boreal environments, the fire-related changes in the soil microbiome, including its recovery and resilience, are inevitable.[Koster, Kajar; Heinonsalo, Jussi; Koster, Egle; Ribeiro-Kumara, Caius] Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Dept Forests Sci, POB 27,Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Aaltonen, Heidi; Berninger, Frank; Zhou, Xuan; Pumpanen, Jukka] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, PL 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland; [Heinonsalo, Jussi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Microbiol, POB 56,Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki 00014, Finland; [Sun, Hui] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Forestry South, Nanjing 210037, Peoples R China; [Tedersoo, Leho] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, 14A Ravila, EE-50411 Tartu, EstoniaUniversity of Helsinki; University of Eastern Finland; Finland National Institute for Health & Welfare; University of Helsinki; Nanjing Forestry University; University of Tartu; Tartu University Institute of Ecology & Earth SciencesKoster, K (corresponding author), Univ Helsinki, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res Forest Sci, Dept Forests Sci, POB 27,Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki 00014, Finland.kajar.koster@helsinki.fiRibeiro-Kumara, Caius/AAP-1072-2020; Köster, Kajar/C-8397-2012; Berninger, Frank/A-8891-2010Ribeiro-Kumara, Caius/0000-0002-4801-4263; Köster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Berninger, Frank/0000-0001-7718-1661; Heinonsalo, Jussi/0000-0001-8516-1388; Aaltonen, Heidi/0000-0002-5194-834XAcademy of Finland [294600, 307222]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [294600] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant No. 294600 and 307222).4888<180 Day Usage Count>625ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS2468-5844CURR OPIN ENV SCI HLCurr. Opin. Environ. Sci. HealthAUG202122
100258
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.100258http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2021.1002582021-05-01 00:00:006Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthEmerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthUW4FRGreen Published, hybrid2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007001144000040 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaPeel PlateauNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2057
Landscape matters: Predicting the biogeochemical effects of permafrost thaw on aquatic networks with a state factor approach
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESaquatic networks; biogeochemistry; permafrost thaw; state factor approachDISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; BYLOT ISLAND; GROUND ICE; WATER CHEMISTRY; ARCTIC TUNDRA; PEEL PLATEAU; YUKON RIVER; NITROGEN; RELEASE; EXPORTTank, SE; Vonk, JE; Walvoord, MA; McClelland, JW; Laurion, I; Abbott, BWTank, Suzanne E.; Vonk, Jorien E.; Walvoord, Michelle A.; McClelland, James W.; Laurion, Isabelle; Abbott, Benjamin W.EnglishPermafrost thaw has been widely observed to alter the biogeochemistry of recipient aquatic ecosystems. However, research from various regions has shown considerable variation in effect. In this paper, we propose a state factor approach to predict the release and transport of materials from permafrost through aquatic networks. Inspired by Hans Jenny's seminal description of soil-forming factors, and based on the growing body of research on the subject, we propose that a series of state factors-including relief, ice content, permafrost extent, and parent material-will constrain and direct the biogeochemical effect of thaw over time. We explore state-factor-driven variation in thaw response using a series of case studies from diverse regions of the permafrost-affected north, and also describe unique scaling considerations related to the mobile and integrative nature of aquatic networks. While our cross-system review found coherent responses to thaw for some biogeochemical constituents, such as nutrients, others, such as dissolved organics and particles, were much more variable in their response. We suggest that targeted, hypothesis-driven investigation of the effects of state factor variation will bolster our ability to predict the biogeochemical effects of thaw across diverse and rapidly changing northern landscapes.[Tank, Suzanne E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Walvoord, Michelle A.] US Geol Survey, Earth Syst Proc Div, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA; [McClelland, James W.] Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX USA; [Laurion, Isabelle] Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USAUniversity of Alberta; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); Brigham Young UniversityTank, SE (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.suzanne.tank@ualberta.caAbbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Walvoord, Michelle/AAQ-1137-2020; Vonk, Jorien E/H-5422-2011; McClelland, James/C-5396-2008; Tank, Suzanne/I-4816-2012Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Walvoord, Michelle/0000-0003-4269-8366; Vonk, Jorien E/0000-0002-1206-5878; McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194; Laurion, Isabelle/0000-0001-8694-3330; Tank, Suzanne/0000-0002-5371-6577Campus Alberta Innovates ProgramCampus Alberta Innovates ProgramCampus Alberta Innovates Program; Campus Alberta Innovates Program1314545<180 Day Usage Count>239WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL2020313SI358370
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2057http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2057MAY 202013Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMP8PTGreen Submitted2023-03-11WOS:0005356902000010 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0055-2
Losing Legacies, Ecological Release, and Transient Responses: Key Challenges for the Future of Northern Ecosystem Science
ArticleECOSYSTEMSarctic; boreal; succession; disturbance; permafrost; wildfire; carbon; diversity; trophic interactions; nicheRECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; BOREAL FOREST; PERMAFROST; SCALE; AMPLIFICATION; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; CANADATuretsky, MR; Baltzer, JL; Johnstone, JF; Mack, MC; McCann, K; Schuur, EAGTuretsky, Merritt R.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Mack, Michelle C.; McCann, Kevin; Schuur, Edward A. G.EnglishNorthern ecosystem processes play out across scales that are rare elsewhere on contemporary earth: large ranging predator-prey systems are still operational, invasive species are rare, and large-scale natural disturbances occur extensively. Disturbances in the far north affect huge areas of land and are difficult to control or manage. Historically, disturbance patterns and processes ranging across a number of spatio-temporal scales have played an important role in the resilience of northern ecosystems. However, due to interactions with a warming climate, these disturbances are now erasing key legacies of the last millennia of ecosystem processes. Building on the concepts of legacies and cross-scale interactions, we highlight several general conceptual issues that represent key challenges for the future of northern ecosystem science, but that also have relevance to other biomes.[Turetsky, Merritt R.; McCann, Kevin] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USAUniversity of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Saskatchewan; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona UniversityTuretsky, MR (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada.mrt@uoguelph.ca; jbaltzer@wlu.ca; jill.johnstone@usask.ca; michelle.mack@nau.edu; ksmccann@uoguelph.ca; ted.schuur@nau.eduJohnstone, Jill F./C-9204-2009Johnstone, Jill F./0000-0001-6131-9339NASA's Terrestrial Ecosystems ABoVE program; Government of the Northwest Territories' Environment and Natural Resources division; NSERC Discovery program; Bonanza Creek LTER program - NSF; U.S. Forest Service, the Changing Cold Regions Network - NSERC; Permafrost Carbon Network; SEARCH's Permafrost Action Team; Direct For Biological Sciences; Division Of Environmental Biology [1542150] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNASA's Terrestrial Ecosystems ABoVE program; Government of the Northwest Territories' Environment and Natural Resources division; NSERC Discovery program(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Bonanza Creek LTER program - NSF; U.S. Forest Service, the Changing Cold Regions Network - NSERC; Permafrost Carbon Network; SEARCH's Permafrost Action Team; Direct For Biological Sciences; Division Of Environmental Biology(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Biological Sciences (BIO))The ideas presented here have benefited from discussions with many colleagues as well as funding programs that have promoted collaborative research in the north, including NASA's Terrestrial Ecosystems ABoVE program, the Government of the Northwest Territories' Environment and Natural Resources division, the NSERC Discovery program, the Bonanza Creek LTER program supported by the NSF and the U.S. Forest Service, the Changing Cold Regions Network support by NSERC, the Permafrost Carbon Network, and SEARCH's Permafrost Action Team.401919<180 Day Usage Count>059SPRINGERNEW YORK233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA1432-98401435-0629ECOSYSTEMSEcosystemsJAN20172012330
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0055-2http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0055-28EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyEI2KV2023-03-05WOS:0003923170000040 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1612905
Nature-based tourism, resource dependence, and resilience of Arctic communities: framing complex issues in a changing environment
ArticleJOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISMArctic tourism; nature-based tourism; resilience; SES; resource dependence; protected areasLAST-CHANCE TOURISM; POLAR BEARS; RURAL POVERTY; AREA; CHURCHILL; CLIMATE; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORKSisneros-Kidd, AM; Monz, C; Hausner, V; Schmidt, J; Clark, DSisneros-Kidd, Abigail M.; Monz, Christopher; Hausner, Vera; Schmidt, Jennifer; Clark, DouglasEnglishCurrent research on tourism in the Arctic has focused largely on the extent, location, and type of tourism activities that occur in the region. Recently, challenges have been identified that the tourism industry is likely to face in the wake of global changes, including climate change. Related research, conducted within and outside of the Arctic, suggests that rural communities can become economically dependent on natural resource extraction (e.g. oil, gas, timber harvesting, and mining of minerals) and non-extractive resources (e.g. nature-based recreation and tourism), limiting diversification and potentially threatening resilience of rural communities. In the western USA, communities have become dependent on both extractive and non-extractive natural resource activities including nature-based tourism; however, it is less clear whether a similar situation is occurring in Arctic communities. In this article, we propose a framework and indicators to analyze the potential dependence of Arctic communities on nature-based tourism and the resilience of Arctic communities to potential boom-bust cycles of nature-based tourism. To do so, we examine the current state-of-knowledge about tourism and nature-based tourism in the Arctic through the lens of boom-bust dynamics and social-ecological systems.[Sisneros-Kidd, Abigail M.; Monz, Christopher] Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA; [Hausner, Vera] Arctic Univ Norway, Tromso, Norway; [Schmidt, Jennifer] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Nat Resource Management & Policy, Inst Social & Econ Res, Anchorage, AK USA; [Clark, Douglas] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaUtah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of SaskatchewanSisneros-Kidd, AM (corresponding author), Utah State Univ, Dept Environm & Soc, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA.abby.sisneros-kidd@usu.eduBelmont Forum project CONNECT-Global connections and changing resource use systems in the Arctic (Norwegian Research Council) [247474]; US National Science Foundation [1534006]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [470092-2014]; Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station; Institute for Outdoor Recreation and TourismBelmont Forum project CONNECT-Global connections and changing resource use systems in the Arctic (Norwegian Research Council); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station; Institute for Outdoor Recreation and Tourismn This work was financially supported by the Belmont Forum project CONNECT-Global connections and changing resource use systems in the Arctic (Norwegian Research Council number 247474, US National Science Foundation award 1534006, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada file number 470092-2014). Additional financial support was provided by the Utah State Agricultural Experiment Station and the Institute for Outdoor Recreation and Tourism.982526<180 Day Usage Count>1776CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONSCLEVEDONFRANKFURT LODGE, CLEVEDON HALL, VICTORIA ROAD, CLEVEDON, BS21 7HH, ENGLAND0966-95821747-7646J SUSTAIN TOURJ. Sustain. Tour.201927812591276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1612905http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.16129052019-05-01 00:00:0018Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & TourismSocial Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other TopicsIS6IHGreen Submitted2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0004691022000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0280
Paleolimnological perspectives on the shifting geographic template of permafrost landscapes and its implications for Arctic freshwater biodiversity
ArticleCANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCESNORTHERN SEWARD PENINSULA; RETROGRESSIVE THAW SLUMPS; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; CROW FLATS YUKON; THERMOKARST-LAKE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; TUNDRA LAKES; PEATLANDSKorosi, JB; Coleman, KA; Hoskin, GN; Little, AJ; Stewart, EM; Thienpont, JRKorosi, Jennifer B.; Coleman, Kristen A.; Hoskin, Grace N.; Little, Amanda J.; Stewart, Emily M.; Thienpont, Joshua R.EnglishGeographic context matters when laying to understand how permafrost thaw impacts northern freshwater biodiversity in a warming climate. Most risk to fresh water from thawing permafrost is associated with abrupt thaw processes known as thermokarst. Lake sediments can provide a record of thermokarst landscape development and associated biogeochemical and biodiversity trends over long timescales, providing a tool to link thermokarst geomorphology with freshwater biodiversity. We describe how paleolimnology, with its inherent emphasis on long-term perspectives, can characterize the shifting geographic template of warming thermokarst landscapes and its implications for biodiversity. We suggest aligning thermokarst lake paleolimnological research with hypothesis-testing frameworks used by permafrost hydrologists and biogeochemists and by the Freshwater Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program and advocate for knowledge co-production with northern Indigenous communities. Lastly, we stress the importance of considering geographic context in the choice of study sites to ensure that diverse thermokarst landscapes are represented (especially those most vulnerable to warming) and that the fine-scale differences in limnological settings that influence ecosystem response to thermokarst stressors are accounted for.[Korosi, Jennifer B.; Coleman, Kristen A.; Hoskin, Grace N.; Little, Amanda J.; Stewart, Emily M.; Thienpont, Joshua R.] York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaYork University - CanadaKorosi, JB (corresponding author), York Univ, Fac Environm & Urban Change, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.jkorosi@yorku.caNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Weston Foundation; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canadian Science PublishingNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Weston Foundation; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Canadian Science PublishingThe authors express gratitude to the DehCho First Nations, the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, the Inuvialuit, and the Gwich'in, on whose lands they have conducted field research that influenced the perspectives outlined in this paper. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Weston Foundation, and the Polar Continental Shelf Program provided funding and logistical support for the authors' northern research. The authors also thank Canadian Science Publishing for awarding the 2021 J.C. Stevenson Lectureship to JBK, which provided us with the opportunity to share our perspectives with the Canadian aquatic sciences community.12600<180 Day Usage Count>24CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA0706-652X1205-7533CAN J FISH AQUAT SCICan. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.JUL202279711621172
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0280http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-02802022-01-01 00:00:0011Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology2S4AEBronze2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0007882808000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaTuktoyaktuk, InuvikYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052651
Thawing Permafrost in Arctic Coastal Communities: A Framework for Studying Risks from Climate Change
ArticleSUSTAINABILITYclimate change; risks; permafrost; adaptation; Arctic; human exposureINFECTIOUS-DISEASES; CHANGE ADAPTATION; EXPOSURE; HAZARD; IMPACTLarsen, JN; Schweitzer, P; Abass, K; Doloisio, N; Gartler, S; Ingeman-Nielsen, T; Ingimundarson, JH; Jungsberg, L; Meyer, A; Rautio, A; Scheer, J; Timlin, U; Vanderlinden, JP; Vullierme, MLarsen, Joan Nymand; Schweitzer, Peter; Abass, Khaled; Doloisio, Natalia; Gartler, Susanna; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas; Ingimundarson, Jon Haukur; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Meyer, Alexandra; Rautio, Arja; Scheer, Johanna; Timlin, Ulla; Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul; Vullierme, MagaliEnglishThawing permafrost creates risks to the environment, economy and culture in Arctic coastal communities. Identification of these risks and the inclusion of the societal context and the relevant stakeholder involvement is crucial in risk management and for future sustainability, yet the dual dimensions of risk and risk perception is often ignored in conceptual risk frameworks. In this paper we present a risk framework for Arctic coastal communities. Our framework builds on the notion of the dual dimensions of risk, as both physically and socially constructed, and it places risk perception and the coproduction of risk management with local stakeholders as central components into the model. Central to our framework is the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. A conceptual model and processual framework with a description of successive steps is developed to facilitate the identification of risks of thawing permafrost in a collaboration between local communities and scientists. Our conceptual framework motivates coproduction of risk management with locals in the identification of these risks from permafrost thaw and the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies.[Larsen, Joan Nymand; Ingimundarson, Jon Haukur] Stefansson Arctic Inst, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland; [Larsen, Joan Nymand; Ingimundarson, Jon Haukur] Univ Akureyri, Fac Social Sci, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland; [Schweitzer, Peter; Gartler, Susanna; Meyer, Alexandra] Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; [Abass, Khaled; Rautio, Arja; Timlin, Ulla] Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Arctic Hlth, POB 7300, Oulu 90014, Finland; [Abass, Khaled] Menoufia Univ, Dept Pesticides, POB 32511, Menoufia, Egypt; [Doloisio, Natalia; Vanderlinden, Jean-Paul; Vullierme, Magali] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, CEARC Res Ctr, F-78280 Guyancourt, France; [Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas; Scheer, Johanna] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; [Jungsberg, Leneisja] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark; [Jungsberg, Leneisja] Nordregio, SE-11186 Stockholm, Sweden; [Rautio, Arja] Univ Arctic, Thule Inst, POB 7300, Oulu 90014, Finland; [Vullierme, Magali] Inst Strateg Res IRSEM, F-75007 Paris, FranceUniversity of Akureyri; University of Vienna; University of Oulu; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Menofia University; UDICE-French Research Universities; Universite Paris Saclay; Technical University of Denmark; University of CopenhagenLarsen, JN (corresponding author), Stefansson Arctic Inst, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland.;Larsen, JN (corresponding author), Univ Akureyri, Fac Social Sci, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland.jnl@unak.is; peter.schweitzer@univie.ac.at; khaled.megahed@oulu.fi; brenda-natalia.doloisio@uvsq.fr; susanna.gartler@univie.ac.at; tin@byg.dtu.dk; jhi@unak.is; leneisja.jungsberg@nordregio.org; alexandra.meyer@univie.ac.at; arja.rautio@oulu.fi; joasc@byg.dtu.dk; ulla.timlin@oulu.fi; jean-paul.vanderlinden@uvsq.fr; magali.vullierme@gmail.comSchweitzer, Peter/AAC-6615-2022; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas/AAS-7397-2020; Abass, khaled/N-6138-2014Schweitzer, Peter/0000-0003-1526-1900; Ingeman-Nielsen, Thomas/0000-0002-0776-4869; Meyer, Alexandra/0000-0003-0753-4569; Abass, khaled/0000-0002-1843-7644; Gartler, Susanna/0000-0002-7411-8701; Jungsberg, Leneisja Dennie Marija/0000-0002-1283-5318; Larsen, Joan Nymand/0000-0001-6207-9939; , Magali/0000-0002-9962-4491; Timlin, Ulla/0000-0002-7840-4430; Ingimundarson, Jon Haukur/0000-0001-6843-5025Nunataryuk project - European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [773421]Nunataryuk project - European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation ProgrammeThis research was supported by the Nunataryuk project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 773421.8033<180 Day Usage Count>619MDPIBASELST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND2071-1050SUSTAINABILITY-BASELSustainabilityMAR2021135
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052651http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su1305265117Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyQW4GWgold, Green Published2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006286110000010 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort Delta, Sahtu, North SlaveMackenzie Delta, Mackenzie Mountains, north of Great Slave LakeNGovernment - GNWTYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2051
The distribution and dynamics of aufeis in permafrost regions
ArticlePERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESaufeis; climate change; groundwater; icing; naled; tarynDISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; ICE FORMATION; RIVER-BASIN; FOREST; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; STREAMFLOW; ICINGS; REGIME; TUNDRAEnsom, T; Makarieva, O; Morse, P; Kane, D; Alekseev, V; Marsh, PEnsom, Timothy; Makarieva, Olga; Morse, Peter; Kane, Douglas; Alekseev, Vladimir; Marsh, PhilipEnglishAufeis, also known as an icing or naled, is an accumulation of ice that forms primarily during winter when water is expelled onto frozen ground or ice surfaces and freezes in layers. Process-oriented aufeis research initially expanded in the 20(th) century, but recent interest in changing hydrological conditions in permafrost regions has rejuvenated this field. Despite its societal relevance, the controls on aufeis distribution and dynamics are not well defined and this impedes projections of variation in aufeis size and distribution expected to accompany climate change. This paper reviews the physical controls on aufeis development, current broad-scale aufeis distribution and anticipated change, and approaches to aufeis investigation. We propose an adjustment to terminology to better distinguish between the formation process and resulting ice bodies, a clarification of the aufeis classification approach based on source water, and a size threshold for broad-scale aufeis inventory to facilitate collaborative research. We identify additional objectives for future research including advancing process knowledge at fine spatial scales, describing broad-scale distribution using current remote sensing capabilities, and improving our understanding and predictive capacity over the interactions between aufeis and landscape-scale permafrost, hydrogeological, geotectonic, and climate conditions.[Ensom, Timothy; Marsh, Philip] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Ensom, Timothy] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, 4601-B 52 Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada; [Makarieva, Olga; Alekseev, Vladimir] RAS, Melnikov Permafrost Inst, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia; [Makarieva, Olga] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia; [Morse, Peter] Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Kane, Douglas] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, INE WERC, Fairbanks, AK USAWilfrid Laurier University; Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the RAS; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg State University; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksEnsom, T (corresponding author), Northwest Terr Geol Survey, 4601-B 52 Ave, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9, Canada.enso5730@mylaurier.caMakarieva, Olga M/G-2077-2014Makarieva, Olga M/0000-0002-2532-4306; Morse, Peter/0000-0003-3740-2022; Ensom, Timothy/0000-0001-7533-7079Russian Foundation for Basic Research [20-05-00666]; W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Government of Northwest TerritoriesRussian Foundation for Basic Research(Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)); W. Garfield Weston Foundation; Government of Northwest TerritoriesRussian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant/Award Number: 20-05-00666; W. Garfield Weston Foundation, Grant/Award Number: Award for Northern Research (Doctoral); Government of Northwest Territories841718<180 Day Usage Count>010WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL2020313SI383395
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2051http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.20512020-05-01 00:00:0013Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMP8PT2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0005347852000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001088
The Expanding Footprint of Rapid Arctic Change
ArticleEARTHS FUTUREArctic; climate; coastal; land ice; permafrost; sea iceCLIMATE-CHANGE; PERMAFROST CARBON; SEA-ICE; RETREAT; VULNERABILITY; SHEETMoon, TA; Overeem, I; Druckenmiller, M; Holland, M; Huntington, H; Kling, G; Lovecraft, AL; Miller, G; Scambos, T; Schadel, C; Schuur, EAG; Trochim, E; Wiese, F; Williams, D; Wong, GMoon, Twila A.; Overeem, Irina; Druckenmiller, Matt; Holland, Marika; Huntington, Henry; Kling, George; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; Miller, Gifford; Scambos, Ted; Schadel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Trochim, Erin; Wiese, Francis; Williams, Dee; Wong, GiffordEnglishArctic land ice is melting, sea ice is decreasing, and permafrost is thawing. Changes in these Arctic elements are interconnected, and most interactions accelerate the rate of change. The changes affect infrastructure, economics, and cultures of people inside and outside of the Arctic, including in temperate and tropical regions, through sea level rise, worsening storm and hurricane impacts, and enhanced warming. Coastal communities worldwide are already experiencing more regular flooding, drinking water contamination, and coastal erosion. We describe and summarize the nature of change for Arctic permafrost, land ice, and sea ice, and its influences on lower latitudes, particularly the United States. We emphasize that impacts will worsen in the future unless individuals, businesses, communities, and policy makers proactively engage in mitigation and adaptation activities to reduce the effects of Arctic changes and safeguard people and society.[Moon, Twila A.; Druckenmiller, Matt] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Moon, Twila A.; Druckenmiller, Matt] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Overeem, Irina; Miller, Gifford] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Overeem, Irina; Miller, Gifford] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Holland, Marika] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [Huntington, Henry] Huntington Consulting, Eagle River, AK USA; [Kling, George] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Lovecraft, Amy Lauren] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ctr Arctic Policy Studies, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Scambos, Ted] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Sci & Observat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Schadel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Trochim, Erin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Wiese, Francis] Stantec, Anchorage, AK USA; [Williams, Dee] Steering Comm, Study Environm Arctic Change Program, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Wong, Gifford] Amer Meteorol Soc, Boston, MA USAUniversity of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Northern Arizona University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksMoon, TA (corresponding author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.;Moon, TA (corresponding author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.twila.moon@nsidc.orgSchädel, Christina/F-5948-2013; Moon, Twila/AAZ-9302-2021; Kling, George/C-7867-2015Schädel, Christina/0000-0003-2145-6210; Huntington, Henry/0000-0003-2308-8677; Moon, Twila/0000-0003-0968-7008; Kling, George/0000-0002-6349-8227; OVEREEM, IRINA/0000-0002-8422-580X; Holland, Marika/0000-0001-5621-8939; Williams, Dee/0000-0003-0400-479X; Miller, G H/0000-0002-8225-2740; SCAMBOS, Ted A./0000-0003-4268-6322National Science Foundation [1331100]National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF))This paper is a contribution of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) under award 1331100 from the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge James Balog and the Earth Vision Institute for the Figure 2 images.602424<180 Day Usage Count>537AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNIONWASHINGTON2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA2328-4277EARTHS FUTUREEarth FutureMAR201973212218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018EF001088http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018EF0010887Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHS6MXGreen Published, gold2023-03-25 00:00:00WOS:0004639871000010 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zones, aquatic and terrestrial environmentsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w
Arctic mercury cycling
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTDISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; AIR-SNOWPACK EXCHANGE; 1-D MODEL PHANTAS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; WET DEPOSITION; SEA-ICE; METHYLATED MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; ORGANIC-MATTER; FRESH-WATERDastoor, A; Angot, H; Bieser, J; Christensen, JH; Douglas, TA; Heimburger-Boavida, LE; Jiskra, M; Mason, RP; McLagan, DS; Obrist, D; Outridge, PM; Petrova, MV; Ryjkov, A; St Pierre, KA; Schartup, AT; Soerensen, AL; Toyota, K; Travnikov, O; Wilson, SJ; Zdanowicz, CDastoor, Ashu; Angot, Helene; Bieser, Johannes; Christensen, Jesper H.; Douglas, Thomas A.; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric; Jiskra, Martin; Mason, Robert P.; McLagan, David S.; Obrist, Daniel; Outridge, Peter M.; Petrova, Mariia, V; Ryjkov, Andrei; St Pierre, Kyra A.; Schartup, Amina T.; Soerensen, Anne L.; Toyota, Kenjiro; Travnikov, Oleg; Wilson, Simon J.; Zdanowicz, ChristianEnglishAnthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions have driven marked increases in Arctic Hg levels, which are now being impacted by regional warming, with uncertain ecological consequences. This Review presents a comprehensive assessment of the present-day total Hg mass balance in the Arctic. Over 98% of atmospheric Hg is emitted outside the region and is transported to the Arctic via long-range air and ocean transport. Around two thirds of this Hg is deposited in terrestrial ecosystems, where it predominantly accumulates in soils via vegetation uptake. Rivers and coastal erosion transfer about 80 Mg year(-1) of terrestrial Hg to the Arctic Ocean, in approximate balance with modelled net terrestrial Hg deposition in the region. The revised Arctic Ocean Hg mass balance suggests net atmospheric Hg deposition to the ocean and that Hg burial in inner-shelf sediments is underestimated (up to >100%), needing seasonal observations of sediment-ocean Hg exchange. Terrestrial Hg mobilization pathways from soils and the cryosphere (permafrost, ice, snow and glaciers) remain uncertain. Improved soil, snowpack and glacial Hg inventories, transfer mechanisms of riverine Hg releases under accelerated glacier and soil thaw, coupled atmosphere-terrestrial modelling and monitoring of Hg in sensitive ecosystems such as fjords can help to anticipate impacts on downstream Arctic ecosystems.[Dastoor, Ashu; Ryjkov, Andrei] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada; [Angot, Helene] Ecole Polytech Federate Lausanne EPFL Valais Wall, Extreme Environm Res Lab, Sion, Switzerland; [Bieser, Johannes] Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany; [Christensen, Jesper H.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Roskilde, Denmark; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA; [Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric; Petrova, Mariia, V] Aix Marseille Univ, Mediterranean Inst Oceanog MI0, CNRS INSU, Univ Toulon,IRD, Marseille, France; [Jiskra, Martin] Univ Basel, Environm Geosci, Basel, Switzerland; [Mason, Robert P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA; [McLagan, David S.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geoecol, Braunschweig, Germany; [McLagan, David S.] Univ Toronto Scarborough, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Obrist, Daniel] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA USA; [Outridge, Peter M.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [St Pierre, Kyra A.] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Schartup, Amina T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; [Soerensen, Anne L.] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, Stockholm, Sweden; [Toyota, Kenjiro] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Travnikov, Oleg] EMEP, Meteorol Synthesizing Ctr East, Moscow, Russia; [Wilson, Simon J.] Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme Secretar, Tromso, Norway; [Zdanowicz, Christian] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Uppsala, SwedenEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum fur Material- und Kustenforschung; Aarhus University; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); UDICE-French Research Universities; Aix-Marseille Universite; University of Basel; University of Connecticut; Braunschweig University of Technology; University of Toronto; University Toronto Scarborough; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Uppsala UniversityDastoor, A (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Dorval, PQ, Canada.ashu.dastoor@ec.gc.caToyota, Kenjiro/D-7044-2012; Christensen, Jesper H/E-9524-2011; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/AAF-6856-2021Toyota, Kenjiro/0000-0001-9280-5305; Christensen, Jesper H/0000-0002-6741-5839; Dastoor, Ashu/0000-0002-3312-7484; Heimburger-Boavida, Lars-Eric/0000-0003-0632-5183; Obrist, Daniel/0000-0002-7897-4257; Schartup, Amina/0000-0002-9289-8107; Mason, Robert/0000-0002-7443-4931Swiss National Science Foundation [PZ00P2_174101]; US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [1854454]; US National Science Foundation [2027038, 1848212, 2023046]; Chantier Arctique Francais (Pollution in the Arctic System); AXA Research Fund; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS [2017-00660]; Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP); European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs(National Science Foundation (NSF)); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Chantier Arctique Francais (Pollution in the Arctic System); AXA Research Fund(AXA Research Fund); Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS; Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP); European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)H.A. acknowledges N.E. Selin and the use of the Svante cluster provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. M.J. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation grant PZ00P2_174101. R.P.M. acknowledges funding from the US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant 1854454. D.O. acknowledges funding from the US National Science Foundation (DEB no. 2027038 and AGS no. 1848212). A.T.S. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (OCE no. 2023046). L.-E.H.-B. acknowledges funding from the Chantier Arctique Francais (Pollution in the Arctic System) and the AXA Research Fund. C.Z. acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FORMAS (grant no. 2017-00660). The authors acknowledge the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) for organizing the 2021 Arctic mercury assessment process that provided the basis for this Review. Finally, the authors acknowledge the Atmospheric Mercury Network (AMNet), the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and the Environment and Climate Change Canada-Atmospheric Mercury Measurement Network (ECCC-AMM) and their contributing scientists for the provision of mercury measurement data.2211314<180 Day Usage Count>4583SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.APR202234270286
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00269-whttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w2022-03-01 00:00:0017Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology0O5AZGreen SubmittedYN2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0007718643000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaMackenzie DeltaNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b
Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSshrubification; Arctic carbon balance; Arctic warming; shrub expansion; vegetation composition shiftsPLANT COMMUNITY RESPONSES; WINTER WARMING EVENTS; SHRUB EXPANSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VEGETATION CHANGE; SOIL CARBON; BETULA-NANA; PERMAFROST CARBON; SEWARD PENINSULA; DWARF-SHRUBMekonnen, ZA; Riley, WJ; Berner, LT; Bouskill, NJ; Torn, MS; Iwahana, G; Breen, AL; Myers-Smith, IH; Criado, MG; Liu, YL; Euskirchen, ES; Goetz, SJ; Mack, MC; Grant, RFMekonnen, Zelalem A.; Riley, William J.; Berner, Logan T.; Bouskill, Nicholas J.; Torn, Margaret S.; Iwahana, Go; Breen, Amy L.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Criado, Mariana Garcia; Liu, Yanlan; Euskirchen, Eugenie S.; Goetz, Scott J.; Mack, Michelle C.; Grant, Robert F.EnglishVegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems to rapid climate warming. These changes in vegetation potentially alter ecosystem carbon balances by affecting a complex set of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions. In this review, we synthesize the literature on (a) observed shrub expansion, (b) key climatic and environmental controls and mechanisms that affect shrub expansion, (c) impacts of shrub expansion on ecosystem carbon balance, and (d) research gaps and future directions to improve process representations in land models. A broad range of evidence, including in-situ observations, warming experiments, and remotely sensed vegetation indices have shown increases in growth and abundance of woody plants, particularly tall deciduous shrubs, and advancing shrublines across the circumpolar Arctic. This recent shrub expansion is affected by several interacting factors including climate warming, accelerated nutrient cycling, changing disturbance regimes, and local variation in topography and hydrology. Under warmer conditions, tall deciduous shrubs can be more competitive than other plant functional types in tundra ecosystems because of their taller maximum canopy heights and often dense canopy structure. Competitive abilities of tall deciduous shrubs vs herbaceous plants are also controlled by variation in traits that affect carbon and nutrient investments and retention strategies in leaves, stems, and roots. Overall, shrub expansion may affect tundra carbon balances by enhancing ecosystem carbon uptake and altering ecosystem respiration, and through complex feedback mechanisms that affect snowpack dynamics, permafrost degradation, surface energy balance, and litter inputs. Observed and projected tall deciduous shrub expansion and the subsequent effects on surface energy and carbon balances may alter feedbacks to the climate system. Land models, including those integrated in Earth System Models, need to account for differences in plant traits that control competitive interactions to accurately predict decadal- to centennial-scale tundra vegetation and carbon dynamics.[Mekonnen, Zelalem A.; Riley, William J.; Bouskill, Nicholas J.; Torn, Margaret S.; Liu, Yanlan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Berner, Logan T.; Goetz, Scott J.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Iwahana, Go; Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Criado, Mariana Garcia] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Euskirchen, Eugenie S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Mack, Michelle C.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Grant, Robert F.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Northern Arizona University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Edinburgh; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Northern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; University of AlbertaMekonnen, ZA (corresponding author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.zmekonnen@lbl.govMekonnen, Zelalem/M-7144-2017; Goetz, Scott J/A-3393-2015; Torn, Margaret S/D-2305-2015; Bouskill, Nick J/G-2390-2015; Torn, Margaret/CAF-8960-2022; Criado, Mariana García/AFH-2212-2022; Riley, William J/D-3345-2015; Iwahana, Go/I-3500-2018; Myers-Smith, Isla/D-1529-2013Mekonnen, Zelalem/0000-0002-2647-0671; Goetz, Scott J/0000-0002-6326-4308; Torn, Margaret S/0000-0002-8174-0099; Torn, Margaret/0000-0002-8174-0099; Criado, Mariana García/0000-0001-7480-6144; Riley, William J/0000-0002-4615-2304; Berner, Logan/0000-0001-8947-0479; Bouskill, Nicholas/0000-0002-6577-8724; Iwahana, Go/0000-0003-4628-1074; Liu, Yanlan/0000-0001-5129-6284; Myers-Smith, Isla/0000-0002-8417-6112Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA ABoVE (Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment) [NNX17AC57A, 80NSSC19M0112]; NERC [NE/M016323/1]; NASA [NNX17AC57A, 1003505] Funding Source: Federal RePORTEROffice of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U S Department of Energy(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); NASA ABoVE (Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U S Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments in the Arctic (NGEE-Arctic) project (Z.A.M, W.J.R, N.J.B, M.S.T, and Y.L), NASA ABoVE (Arctic Boreal and Vulnerability Experiment (Grant No. NNX17AC57A to G.I and 80NSSC19M0112 to S.J.G and L.T.B) and NERC (Grant No. NE/M016323/1 to I.M.-S).3576060<180 Day Usage Count>58130IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.MAY2021165
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28bhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b28Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesRS1JEgold, Green PublishedYN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0006435397000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaAmundsen Gulf, Mackenzie Delta, Banks Island, Melville IslandsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00485a
Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment - a review
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTSPOLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OIL SANDS REGION; SHORT-LIVED SUBSTANCES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PERFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES; FLAME RETARDANTS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE ESTERSHung, H; Halsall, C; Ball, H; Bidleman, T; Dachs, J; De Silva, A; Hermanson, M; Kallenborn, R; Muir, D; Suhring, R; Wang, XP; Wilson, SHung, Hayley; Halsall, Crispin; Ball, Hollie; Bidleman, Terry; Dachs, Jordi; De Silva, Amila; Hermanson, Mark; Kallenborn, Roland; Muir, Derek; Suhring, Roxana; Wang, Xiaoping; Wilson, SimonEnglishClimate change brings about significant changes in the physical environment in the Arctic. Increasing temperatures, sea ice retreat, slumping permafrost, changing sea ice regimes, glacial loss and changes in precipitation patterns can all affect how contaminants distribute within the Arctic environment and subsequently impact the Arctic ecosystems. In this review, we summarized observed evidence of the influence of climate change on contaminant circulation and transport among various Arctic environment media, including air, ice, snow, permafrost, fresh water and the marine environment. We have also drawn on parallel examples observed in Antarctica and the Tibetan Plateau, to broaden the discussion on how climate change may influence contaminant fate in similar cold-climate ecosystems. Significant knowledge gaps on indirect effects of climate change on contaminants in the Arctic environment, including those of extreme weather events, increase in forests fires, and enhanced human activities leading to new local contaminant emissions, have been identified. Enhanced mobilization of contaminants to marine and freshwater ecosystems has been observed as a result of climate change, but better linkages need to be made between these observed effects with subsequent exposure and accumulation of contaminants in biota. Emerging issues include those of Arctic contamination by microplastics and higher molecular weight halogenated natural products (hHNPs) and the implications of such contamination in a changing Arctic environment is explored.[Hung, Hayley] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M5P 1W4, Canada; [Halsall, Crispin; Ball, Hollie] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England; [Bidleman, Terry] Umea Univ, Dept Chem, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Dachs, Jordi] Spanish Natl Res Council IDAEA CSIC, Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona 08034, Catalonia, Spain; [De Silva, Amila; Muir, Derek] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada; [Hermanson, Mark] Hermanson & Associates LLC, 2000 W 53rd St, Minneapolis, MN 55419 USA; [Kallenborn, Roland] Univ Ctr Svalbard UNIS, Dept Arctic Technol, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Kallenborn, Roland] Norwegian Univ Life Sci NMBU, Fac Chem Biotechnol & Food Sci, N-1432 As, Norway; [Suhring, Roxana] Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden; [Suhring, Roxana] Ryerson Univ, Dept Chem & Biol, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada; [Wang, Xiaoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; [Wilson, Simon] Fram Ctr, Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme Secretar, N-9296 Tromso, NorwayEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Lancaster University; Umea University; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pascual Vila (CID-CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Diagnostico Ambiental y Estudios del Agua (IDAEA); Environment & Climate Change Canada; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Stockholm University; Toronto Metropolitan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CASHung, H (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M5P 1W4, Canada.hayley.hung@ec.gc.caHung, Hayley/AAS-2215-2021; Sühring, Roxana/AFK-6559-2022; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011; Kallenborn, Roland/F-8368-2011Hung, Hayley/0000-0003-0719-8948; Sühring, Roxana/0000-0002-7285-8044; Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532; Muir, Derek/0000-0001-6631-9776; Kallenborn, Roland/0000-0003-1703-2538; Hermanson, Mark/0000-0002-3557-523XNorthern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada); Government of Canada Chemicals Management Plan; UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/R012857/1]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); UK NERC's ENVISION Doctoral Training Centre [NE/L002604/1]; Swedish Research Environment Ecochange; NERC [NE/R012857/1] Funding Source: UKRINorthern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada); Government of Canada Chemicals Management Plan; UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); UK NERC's ENVISION Doctoral Training Centre; Swedish Research Environment Ecochange; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC))HH is grateful to the support of the Northern Contaminants Program (Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) and the Government of Canada Chemicals Management Plan for funding most of her work on Arctic contaminant fate and climate change influence over the last 20 years. CH is grateful for the EISPAC project (NE/R012857/1), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). HB's PhD (NE/L002604/1) is funded through UK NERC's ENVISION Doctoral Training Centre. TB's contribution is supported by the Swedish Research Environment Ecochange. The authors would like to acknowledge Jennifer Balmer for her help with text and figure editing.2561212<180 Day Usage Count>46104ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYCAMBRIDGETHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND2050-78872050-7895ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMPEnviron. Sci.-Process ImpactsOCT 192022241015771615
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00485ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00485a2022-02-01 00:00:0039Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology5K7AR35244108Green Published, hybrid2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007642569000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllMackenzie Mountains, Mackenzie Delta, Beaufort Sea, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133792
Current state of knowledge on biological effects from contaminants on arctic wildlife and fish
ReviewSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTBiological effects; Circumpolar Arctic; Fish; Mercury; Organohalogen compounds; WildlifePERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BEARS URSUS-MARITIMUS; GREENLAND POLAR BEARS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE; CLINICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; DOGS CANIS-FAMILIARIS; SCULPIN MYOXOCEPHALUS-SCORPIUS; BREEDING GLAUCOUS GULLSDietz, R; Letcher, RJ; Desforges, JP; Eulaers, I; Sonne, C; Wilson, S; Andersen-Ranberg, E; Basu, N; Barst, BD; Bustnes, JO; Bytingsvik, J; Ciesielski, TM; Drevnick, PE; Gabrielsen, G; Haarr, A; Hylland, K; Jenssen, BM; Levin, M; McKinney, MA; Norregaard, RD; Pedersen, KE; Provencher, J; Styrishave, B; Tartu, S; Aars, J; Ackerman, JT; Rosing-Asvid, A; Barrett, R; Bignert, A; Borns, EW; Branigan, M; Braune, B; Bryan, CE; Dam, M; Eagles-Smith, CA; Evans, M; Evans, TJ; Fisk, AT; Gamberg, M; Gustavson, K; Hartman, CA; Helander, B; Herzog, MP; Hoekstra, PF; Houde, M; Hoydal, K; Jackson, AK; Kucklick, J; Lie, E; Loseto, L; Mallory, ML; Miljeteig, C; Mosbech, A; Muir, DCG; Nielsen, ST; Peacock, E; Pedro, S; Peterson, SH; Polder, A; Riget, FF; Roach, P; Saunes, H; Sinding, MHS; Skaare, JU; Sondergaard, J; Stenson, G; Stern, G; Treu, G; Schuur, SS; Vikingsson, GDietz, Rune; Letcher, Robert J.; Desforges, Jean-Pierre; Eulaers, Igor; Sonne, Christian; Wilson, Simon; Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie; Basu, Niladri; Barst, Benjamin D.; Bustnes, Jan Ove; Bytingsvik, Jenny; Ciesielski, Tomasz M.; Drevnick, Paul E.; Gabrielsen, Geirw.; Haarr, Ane; Hylland, Ketil; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro; Levin, Milton; McKinney, Melissa A.; Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose; Pedersen, Kathrine E.; Provencher, Jennifer; Styrishave, Bjarne; Tartu, Sabrina; Aars, Jon; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu; Barrett, Rob; Bignert, Anders; Borns, Erik W.; Branigan, Marsha; Braune, Birgit; Bryan, Colleen E.; Dam, Maria; Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Evans, Marlene; Evans, Thomas J.; Fisk, Aaron T.; Gamberg, Mary; Gustavson, Kim; Hartman, C. Alex; Helander, Bjorn; Herzog, Mark P.; Hoekstra, Paul F.; Houde, Magali; Hoydal, Katrin; Jackson, Allyson K.; Kucklick, John; Lie, Elisabeth; Loseto, Lisa; Mallory, Mark L.; Miljeteig, Cecilie; Mosbech, Anders; Muir, Derek C. G.; Nielsen, Sanna Tuni; Peacock, Elizabeth; Pedro, Sara; Peterson, Sarah H.; Polder, Anuschka; Riget, Frank F.; Roach, Pat; Saunes, Halvor; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Skaare, Janneche U.; Sondergaard, Jens; Stenson, Garry; Stern, Gary; Treu, Gabriele; Schuur, Stacy S.; Vikingsson, GisliEnglishSince the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of the exposure to organohalogen compounds (OHCs) in Arctic biota, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic effect studies. Here, we provide an update on the state of the knowledge of OHC, and also include mercury, exposure and/or associated effects in key Arctic marine and terrestrial mammal and bird species as well as in fish by reviewing the literature published since the last AMAP assessment in 2010. We aimed at updating the knowledge of how single but also combined health effects are or can be associated to the exposure to single compounds or mixtures of OHCs. We also focussed on assessing both potential individual as well as population health impacts using population-specific exposure data post 2000. We have identified quantifiable effects on vitamin metabolism, immune functioning, thyroid and steroid hormone balances, oxidative stress, tissue pathology, and reproduction. As with the previous assessment, a wealth of documentation is available for biological effects in marine mammals and seabirds, and sentinel species such as the sledge dog and Arctic fox, but information for terrestrial vertebrates and fish remain scarce. While hormones and vitamins are thoroughly studied, oxidative stress, immunotoxic and reproductive effects need further investigation. Depending on the species and population, some OHCs and mercury tissue contaminant burdens post 2000 were observed to be high enough to exceed putative risk threshold levels that have been previously estimated for non-target species or populations outside the Arctic. In this assessment, we made use of risk quotient calculations to summarize the cumulative effects of different OHC classes and mercury for which critical body burdens can be estimated for wildlife across the Arctic. As our ultimate goal is to better predict or estimate the effects of OHCs and mercury in Arctic wildlife at the individual, population and ecosystem level, there remain numerous knowledge gaps on the biological effects of exposure in Arctic biota. These knowledge gaps include the establishment of concentration thresholds for individual compounds as well as for realistic cocktail mixtures that in fact indicate biologically relevant, and not statistically determined, health effects for specific species and subpopulations. Finally, we provide future perspectives on understanding Arctic wildlife health using new in vivo, in vitro, and in silico techniques, and provide case studies on multiple stressors to show that future assessments would benefit from significant efforts to integrate human health, wildlife ecology and retrospective and forecasting aspects into assessing the biological effects of OHC and mercury exposure in Arctic wildlife and fish. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.[Dietz, Rune; Desforges, Jean-Pierre; Eulaers, Igor; Sonne, Christian; Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro; Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose; Gustavson, Kim; Mosbech, Anders; Riget, Frank F.; Sondergaard, Jens] Aarhus Univ, ARC, Dept Biosci, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Letcher, Robert J.; Braune, Birgit] Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Eecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, 1125 Colone Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada; [Wilson, Simon; Miljeteig, Cecilie] Fram Ctr, Arctic Monitoring & Assessment Programme AMAP Sec, POB 6606, N-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Basu, Niladri; Barst, Benjamin D.; McKinney, Melissa A.; Pedro, Sara] McGill Univ, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada; [Bustnes, Jan Ove] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Fram Ctr, Unit Arctic Ecol, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Bytingsvik, Jenny] High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, Fram Ctr, Akvaplanniva AS, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, N-9007 Tromso, Norway; [Bytingsvik, Jenny] Fram Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Bytingsvik, Jenny] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Ciesielski, Tomasz M.; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; [Ciesielski, Tomasz M.; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Technol, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; [Drevnick, Paul E.] Alberta Environm & Parks, Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, 3535 Res Rd NW,Univ Res Pk, Calgary, AB T2L 2K8, Canada; [Drevnick, Paul E.] Univ Michigan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; [Gabrielsen, Geirw.; Tartu, Sabrina; Aars, Jon] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway; [Haarr, Ane; Hylland, Ketil] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, POB 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; [Levin, Milton] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, 61 North Eagleville Rd,Unit 3089, Storrs, CT 06269 USA; [Pedersen, Kathrine E.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; [Provencher, Jennifer] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; [Styrishave, Bjarne] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Pharm, Toxicol Lab, Univ Pk 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark; [Ackerman, Joshua T.; Hartman, C. Alex; Herzog, Mark P.; Peterson, Sarah H.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, 800 Business Pk Dr,Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620 USA; [Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu; Borns, Erik W.] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, POB 570, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; [Barrett, Rob; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.] Tromso Univ Museum, NO-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Bignert, Anders] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Dept Environm Res & Monitoring, POB 50 007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; [Branigan, Marsha] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, POB 2749, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada; [Bryan, Colleen E.; Kucklick, John; Schuur, Stacy S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci Div, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA; [Dam, Maria; Hoydal, Katrin] Environm Agcy, Traoagota 38,POB 2048, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands; [Eagles-Smith, Collin A.; Nielsen, Sanna Tuni] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Evans, Marlene] Environm Canada, Aquat Ecosyst Protect Res Div, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Evans, Thomas J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Off Subsistence Management, 1011 E Tudor Rd,MS-121, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA; [Fisk, Aaron T.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; [Gamberg, Mary] Gamberg Consulting, Box 30130, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5M2, Canada; [Helander, Bjorn] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Environm Res & Monitoring, Frescativagen 40,Box 50007, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; [Hoekstra, Paul F.] Syngenta Canada Inc, 140 Res Ln, Guelph, ON N1G 4Z3, Canada; [Houde, Magali] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Montreal, PQ H2Y 2E7, Canada; [Jackson, Allyson K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Lie, Elisabeth] NIVA, Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; [Loseto, Lisa] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, 501 Univ Cres, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; [Mallory, Mark L.] Acadia Univ, Biol Dept, Coastal Wetland Ecosyst, 15 Univ Dr, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada; [Muir, Derek C. G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Aquat Contaminants Res Div, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S IA1, Canada; [Peacock, Elizabeth] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Peacock, Elizabeth] Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU, Canada; [Polder, Anuschka] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, POB 8146 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; [Roach, Pat] Aboriginal Affairs & Northern Dev Canada, 415C-300 Main St, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2B5, Canada; [Saunes, Halvor] COWI Norge, Karvesvingen 2, N-0579 Oslo, Norway; [Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.] Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Geologisk Museum, Ctr Geogenet, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; [Skaare, Janneche U.] Natl Vet Inst, POB 8156 Dept, N-0033 Oslo, Norway; [Stenson, Garry] Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, Dept DFO MPO, 80 East White Hills Vie, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada; [Stern, Gary] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Fac Environm Earth & Resources, CEOS, 586 Wallace Bld,125 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; [Treu, Gabriele] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Alfred Kowalke Str 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany; [Vikingsson, Gisli] Marine & Freshwater Res Inst, Skulagata 4, IS-101 Reykjavik, IcelandAarhus University; Carleton University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; McGill University; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; Akvaplan-niva; Norwegian Polar Institute; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU); University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Norwegian Polar Institute; University of Oslo; University of Connecticut; University of Copenhagen; Acadia University; University of Copenhagen; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; Swedish Museum of Natural History; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Environment & Climate Change Canada; United States Department of the Interior; US Fish & Wildlife Service; University of Windsor; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Syngenta; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Oregon State University; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA); Fisheries & Oceans Canada; Acadia University; Environment & Climate Change Canada; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Norwegian University of Life Sciences; COWI A/S; Norwegian Veterinary Institute; Fisheries & Oceans Canada; University of Manitoba; Leibniz Institut fur Zoo und Wildtierforschung; Marine & Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI)Dietz, R (corresponding author), Aarhus Univ, ARC, Dept Biosci, Frederiksborgvej 399,POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.;Letcher, RJ (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Eecotoxicol & Wildlife Hlth Div, 1125 Colone Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.rdi@bios.au.dk; robert.letcher@canada.caProvencher, Jennifer F/J-2839-2016; Loseto, Lisa/AAL-6661-2020; Ackerman, Joshua T/AAF-9503-2019; Jenssen, Bjorn M/J-4830-2012; Eulaers, Igor/AAJ-5912-2020; aars, jon/AAB-3076-2021; Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu/GRN-7660-2022; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro/O-3217-2019; Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015; Muir, Derek/AAD-7526-2021; Tartu, Sabrina/Q-4062-2018; Desforges, Jean-Pierre W/B-9217-2016; Sonne, Christian/I-7532-2013; Søndergaard, Jens/AAZ-1079-2020; Strander Sinding, Mikkel Holger/B-9450-2015; Mosbech, Anders/J-6591-2013Provencher, Jennifer F/0000-0002-4972-2034; Ackerman, Joshua T/0000-0002-3074-8322; Jenssen, Bjorn M/0000-0002-7042-2191; Eulaers, Igor/0000-0002-7130-9932; aars, jon/0000-0002-0574-6712; Jenssen, Bjorn Munro/0000-0002-7042-2191; Dietz, Rune/0000-0001-9652-317X; Tartu, Sabrina/0000-0002-4257-7495; Desforges, Jean-Pierre W/0000-0002-6816-7697; Sonne, Christian/0000-0001-5723-5263; Søndergaard, Jens/0000-0001-7680-9920; Loseto, Lisa/0000-0003-1457-821X; Evans, Marlene/0000-0002-8869-1162; Stern, Gary/0000-0003-2160-0841; Gustavson, Kim/0000-0001-8242-0276; Ciesielski, Tomasz/0000-0001-7509-1662; Miljeteig, Cecilie/0000-0003-1527-1703; Vikingsson, Gisli/0000-0002-4501-193X; Strander Sinding, Mikkel Holger/0000-0003-1371-219X; Barst, Benjamin/0000-0003-0519-3377; Mosbech, Anders/0000-0002-7581-7037; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037; Letcher, Robert/0000-0002-8232-8565; Hoydal, Katrin/0000-0003-2156-0843DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) program; Northern Contaminants Program (NCP; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC); Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; ECCC); Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; Health Canada); Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; USGS Environmental Health Mission Area's Contaminant Biology ProgramDANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) program; Northern Contaminants Program (NCP; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)); Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC); Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; ECCC); Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; Health Canada); Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); USGS Environmental Health Mission Area's Contaminant Biology ProgramSupport was provided for participants in the core group of the AMAP Assessment by the DANCEA (Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic) program for employees at Aarhus University while support for Canadian participants was received from the Northern Contaminants Program (NCP; Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC)), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Chemicals Management Plan (CMP; ECCC and Health Canada), Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada and theNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Funding sources for the large number of additional writing, data and sample contributors are likewise acknowledged. We gratefully acknowledge the reviewers including those that peer-reviewed theAMAP Effects Assessment, which is the basis of the present journal review including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Editorial Review Board (NIST ERB). Likewise, numerous people including colleagues and Inuit hunters in various circumpolar jurisdictions assistedwith sample collections, analyticalwork and age determination for the many published studies as well as any new data that was used. The following persons provided comments, data or samples but did not find their contribution important enough to justify a coauthorship: Ingeborg Hallanger, Lisa Bjornsdatter Helgason, Audrey Jaeger, Heli Routti and Filipa Samarra. The USGS acknowledges any the use of trade, product, or firm names in the publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. J.T. Ackerman and C. Eagles-Smith were supported by the USGS Environmental Health Mission Area's Contaminant Biology Program.3589495<180 Day Usage Count>11103ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0048-96971879-1026SCI TOTAL ENVIRONSci. Total Environ.DEC 152019696
133792
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133792http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13379240Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyJQ2RRhybrid, Green Published2023-03-19 00:00:00WOS:0004987986000390 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8661-2
Dynamics of microbial communities and CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the tundra ecosystems of the changing Arctic
ReviewJOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGYsoil microbiome; CO2 and CH4 emission; permafrost thaw; climate change; Arctic tundraORGANIC-MATTER QUALITY; METHANE PRODUCTION; PERMAFROST CARBON; ACTIVE LAYER; ARCHAEAL COMMUNITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LENA DELTA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; ANAEROBIC OXIDATIONKwon, MJ; Jung, JY; Tripathi, BM; Gockede, M; Lee, YK; Kim, MKwon, Min Jung; Jung, Ji Young; Tripathi, Binu M.; Goeckede, Mathias; Lee, Yoo Kyung; Kim, MincheolEnglishArctic tundra ecosystems are rapidly changing due to the amplified effects of global warming within the northern high latitudes. Warming has the potential to increase the thawing of the permafrost and to change the landscape and its geochemical characteristics, as well as terrestrial biota. It is important to investigate microbial processes and community structures, since soil microorganisms play a significant role in decomposing soil organic carbon in the Arctic tundra. In addition, the feedback from tundra ecosystems to climate change, including the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, is substantially dependent on the compositional and functional changes in the soil microbiome. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the soil microbiome and the two most abundant greenhouse gas (CO2 and CH4) emissions, and summarizes permafrost thaw-induced changes in the Arctic tundra. Furthermore, we discuss future directions in microbial ecological research coupled with its link to CO2 and CH4 emissions.[Kwon, Min Jung; Jung, Ji Young; Tripathi, Binu M.; Lee, Yoo Kyung; Kim, Mincheol] Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon 21990, South Korea; [Goeckede, Mathias] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, GermanyKorea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI); Max Planck SocietyKim, M (corresponding author), Korea Polar Res Inst, Incheon 21990, South Korea.mincheol@kopri.re.krTripathi, Binu M/J-3075-2015; Goeckede, Mathias/C-1027-2017; Kwon, Min Jung/GRF-4488-2022Tripathi, Binu M/0000-0002-7848-0206; Goeckede, Mathias/0000-0003-2833-8401; Ministry of Science and ICT; National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea [2016M1A5A1901769, KOPRI-PN18081]; European Commission [282700, PCIG12-GA-2012-333796]; German Ministry of Education and Research (Carbo-Perm-Project, BMBF) [03G0836G]; International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC); AXA Research Fund [PDOC_2012_W2]Ministry of Science and ICT(Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea); National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); European Commission(European CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre); German Ministry of Education and Research (Carbo-Perm-Project, BMBF)(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC); AXA Research Fund(AXA Research Fund)This work has been supported by Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Republic of Korea (2016M1A5A1901769, KOPRI-PN18081), the European Commission (PAGE21 project, FP7-ENV-2011, grant agreement no. 282700; PerCCOM project, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG, grant agreement no. PCIG12-GA-2012-333796), the German Ministry of Education and Research (Carbo-Perm-Project, BMBF grant no. 03G0836G), the International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC), and the AXA Research Fund (PDOC_2012_W2 campaign, ARF fellowship M. Gockede).125910<180 Day Usage Count>21121MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREASEOULKOREA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER 803, 635-4 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA1225-88731976-3794J MICROBIOLJ. Microbiol.MAY2019575325336
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8661-2http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8661-212MicrobiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)MicrobiologyHX0ZE306565882023-03-12 00:00:00WOS:0004671183000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01162-y
Emergent biogeochemical risks from Arctic permafrost degradation
ReviewNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEPERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; NOVAYA-ZEMLYA; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; GLACIAL MELTWATER; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; CHANGING CLIMATEMiner, KR; D'Andrilli, J; Mackelprang, R; Edwards, A; Malaska, MJ; Waldrop, MP; Miller, CEMiner, Kimberley R.; D'Andrilli, Juliana; Mackelprang, Rachel; Edwards, Arwyn; Malaska, Michael J.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Miller, Charles E.EnglishThawing permafrost in the Arctic may release microorganisms, chemicals and nuclear waste that have been stored in frozen ground and by cold temperatures. This Review discusses the current state of potential hazards and their risks under warming to identify prospective threats to the Arctic. The Arctic cryosphere is collapsing, posing overlapping environmental risks. In particular, thawing permafrost threatens to release biological, chemical and radioactive materials that have been sequestered for tens to hundreds of thousands of years. As these constituents re-enter the environment, they have the potential to disrupt ecosystem function, reduce the populations of unique Arctic wildlife and endanger human health. Here, we review the current state of the science to identify potential hazards currently frozen in Arctic permafrost. We also consider the cascading natural and anthropogenic processes that may compound the impacts of these risks, as it is unclear whether the highly adapted Arctic ecosystems have the resilience to withstand new stresses. We conclude by recommending research priorities to address these underappreciated risks.[Miner, Kimberley R.; Malaska, Michael J.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 92801 USA; [D'Andrilli, Juliana] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA USA; [Mackelprang, Rachel] Calif State Univ Northridge, Northridge, CA USA; [Edwards, Arwyn] Aberystwyth Univ, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales; [Waldrop, Mark P.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USACalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California State University System; California State University Northridge; Aberystwyth University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological SurveyMiner, KR (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 92801 USA.Kimberley.n.miner@jpl.nasa.govMalaska, Michael/0000-0003-0064-5258; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140; Miner, Kimberley/0000-0002-1006-1283; D'Andrilli, Juliana/0000-0002-3352-25642091919<180 Day Usage Count>1650NATURE PORTFOLIOBERLINHEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.OCT20211110809819
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01162-yhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01162-y2021-09-01 00:00:0011Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWA2MR2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007021984000050 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllBurned areas in the tundra or boreal zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2048
Impact of wildfire on permafrost landscapes: A review of recent advances and future prospects
ReviewPERMAFROST AND PERIGLACIAL PROCESSESactive layer; carbon cycling; climate change; permafrost; thermokarst; wildfireELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; BOREAL BLACK SPRUCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FOREST-FIRE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THERMAL REGIMES; CARBON DYNAMICS; SOUTHERN YUKON; RIVER VALLEY; SOILHolloway, JE; Lewkowicz, AG; Douglas, TA; Li, XY; Turetsky, MR; Baltzer, JL; Jin, HJHolloway, Jean E.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.; Douglas, Thomas A.; Li, Xiaoying; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Jin, HuijunEnglishChanges in the frequency and extent of wildfires are expected to lead to substantial and irreversible alterations to permafrost landscapes under a warming climate. Here we review recent publications (2010-2019) that advance our understanding of the effects of wildfire on surface and ground temperatures, on active layer thickness and, where permafrost is ice-rich, on ground subsidence and the development of thermokarst features. These thermal and geomorphic changes are initiated immediately following wildfire and alter the hydrology and biogeochemistry of permafrost landscapes, including the release of previously frozen carbon. In many locations, permafrost has been resilient, with key characteristics such as active layer thickness returning to pre-fire conditions after several decades. However, permafrost near its southern limit is losing this resiliency as a result of ongoing climate warming and increasingly common vegetation state changes. Shifts in fire return intervals, severity and extent are expected to alter the trajectories of wildfire impacts on permafrost, and to enlarge spatial impacts to more regularly include the burning of tundra areas. Modeling indicates some lowland boreal forest and tundra environments will remain resilient while uplands and areas with thin organic layers and dry soils will experience rapid and irreversible permafrost degradation. More work is needed to relate modeling to empirical studies, particularly incorporating dynamic variables such as soil moisture, snow and thermokarst development, and to identify post-fire permafrost responses for different landscape types and regions. Future progress requires further collaboration among geocryologists, ecologists, hydrologists, biogeochemists, modelers and remote sensing specialists.[Holloway, Jean E.; Lewkowicz, Antoni G.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA; [Li, Xiaoying; Jin, Huijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, State Key Lab Frozen Soils Engn, Northeast China Observ Frozen Soils Engn & Enviro, Lanzhou, Peoples R China; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, CanadaUniversity of Ottawa; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityHolloway, JE (corresponding author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Ottawa, ON, Canada.jean.holloway77@gmail.comHolloway, Jean/0000-0003-3246-1090; Li, Xiaoying/0000-0001-8760-7558976465<180 Day Usage Count>2083WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1045-67401099-1530PERMAFROST PERIGLACPermafrost Periglacial Process.JUL2020313SI371382
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2048http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.204812Geography, Physical; GeologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyMP8PT2023-03-05WOS:0005524621000040 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9
Lake and drained lake basin systems in lowland permafrost regions
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTARCTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; ICE-RICH PERMAFROST; FRESH-WATER SYSTEMS; OLD CROW FLATS; THERMOKARST-LAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THAW LAKES; LAND-USE; VEGETATION SUCCESSION; NORTHWESTERN ALASKAJones, BM; Grosse, G; Farquharson, LM; Roy-Leveillee, P; Veremeeva, A; Kanevskiy, MZ; Gaglioti, BV; Breen, AL; Parsekian, AD; Ulrich, M; Hinkel, KMJones, Benjamin M.; Grosse, Guido; Farquharson, Louise M.; Roy-Leveillee, Pascale; Veremeeva, Alexandra; Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Gaglioti, Benjamin, V; Breen, Amy L.; Parsekian, Andrew D.; Ulrich, Mathias; Hinkel, Kenneth M.EnglishThe formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) systems occupy >20% of the circumpolar Northern Hemisphere permafrost region and similar to 50% of the area below 300 m above sea level. Climate change is causing drastic impacts to L-DLB systems, with implications for permafrost dynamics, ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical processes and human livelihoods in lowland permafrost regions. In this Review, we discuss how an increase in the number of lakes as a result of permafrost thaw and an intensifying hydrologic regime are not currently offsetting the land area gained through lake drainage, enhancing the dominance of drained lake basins (DLBs).The contemporary transition from lakes to DLBs decreases hydrologic storage, leads to permafrost aggradation, increases carbon sequestration and diversifies the shifting habitat mosaic in Arctic and boreal regions. However, further warming could inhibit permafrost aggradation in DLBs, disrupting the trajectory of important microtopographic controls on carbon fluxes and ecosystem processes in permafrost-region L-DLB systems. Further research is needed to understand the future dynamics of L-DLB systems to improve Earth system models, permafrost carbon feedback assessments, permafrost hydrology linkages, infrastructure development in permafrost regions and the well-being of northern socio-ecological systems.[Jones, Benjamin M.; Kanevskiy, Mikhail Z.; Gaglioti, Benjamin, V] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Grosse, Guido] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Permafrost Res Sect, Potsdam, Germany; [Grosse, Guido] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geosci, Potsdam, Germany; [Farquharson, Louise M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Roy-Leveillee, Pascale] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nordiques, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Veremeeva, Alexandra] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Physicochem & Biol Problems Soil Sci, Pushchino, Russia; [Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr IARC, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Parsekian, Andrew D.] Univ Wyoming, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Laramie, WY USA; [Ulrich, Mathias] Univ Leipzig, Inst Geog, Leipzig, Germany; [Hinkel, Kenneth M.] Michigan Technol Univ, Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI USAUniversity of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Potsdam; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Laval University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research (PSCBI) of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Physicohemical & Biological Problems of Soil Science; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Wyoming; Leipzig University; Michigan Technological UniversityJones, BM (corresponding author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Northern Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.bmjones3@alaska.eduGrosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Ulrich, Mathias/R-1261-2019Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Ulrich, Mathias/0000-0002-1337-252X; Farquharson, Louise/0000-0001-8884-511X; Roy-Leveillee, Pascale/0000-0001-9057-7417; Jones, Benjamin/0000-0002-1517-4711NSF [OPP-1806213, OPP-1850578, OPP-1903735, OPP-1820883, OPP-1806202, OPP-1806287]; BMBF KoPf Synthesis [03F0834B]; Gouvernement du Quebec; International Permafrost Association; Teshekpuk Lake Observatory through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [NFWF-8006.19.063445]NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); BMBF KoPf Synthesis(Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)); Gouvernement du Quebec; International Permafrost Association; Teshekpuk Lake Observatory through the National Fish and Wildlife FoundationB.M.J., L.M.F., M.Z.K., B.V.G. and A.L.B. were supported by NSF grant OPP-1806213. B.M.J. and B.V.G. were supported by NSF grant OPP-1850578. B.M.J. was supported by NSF grant OPP-1903735. M.Z.K. was supported by NSF grant OPP-1820883. A.D.P. was supported by NSF grant OPP-1806202. K.M.H. was supported by NSF grant OPP-1806287. G.G. received support through BMBF KoPf Synthesis (03F0834B). P.R.-L. was supported by Gouvernement du Quebec under the 2030 Plan for a Green Economy, Sentinel North programme of Universite Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund) and ArcticNet, a Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada. Additional support was provided by an Action Groups award from the International Permafrost Association and the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF-8006.19.063445). The authors would like to thank H. Foss for the graphical contributions to Fig. 3.2021717<180 Day Usage Count>4081SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.JAN2022318598
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-914Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyYG7MQYN2023-03-18 00:00:00WOS:0007426681000140 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0063-9
Nitrous oxide emissions from permafrost-affected soils
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTGREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU; WATER-TABLE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; N2O EMISSIONS; ALPINE MEADOW; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; METHANE EMISSIONS; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT; ANTARCTIC TUNDRAVoigt, C; Marushchak, ME; Abbott, BW; Biasi, C; Elberling, B; Siciliano, SD; Sonnentag, O; Stewart, KJ; Yang, YH; Martikainen, PJVoigt, Carolina; Marushchak, Maija E.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Biasi, Christina; Elberling, Bo; Siciliano, Steven D.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Stewart, Katherine J.; Yang, Yuanhe; Martikainen, Pertti J.EnglishSoils are sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) globally, but emissions from permafrost-affected soils have been considered negligible owing to nitrogen (N) limitation. Recent measurements of N2O emissions have challenged this view, showing that vegetated soils in permafrost regions are often small but evident sources of N2O during the growing season (similar to 30 mu g N2O-N m(-2) day(-1)). Moreover, barren or sparsely vegetated soils, common in harsh climates, can serve as substantial sources of N2O (similar to 455 mu g N2O-N m(-2) day(-1)), demonstrating the importance of permafrost-affected soils in Earth's N2O budget. In this Review, we discuss N2O fluxes from subarctic, Arctic, Antarctic and alpine permafrost regions, including areas that likely serve as sources (such as peatlands) and as sinks (wetlands, dry upland soils), and estimate global permafrost-affected soil N2O emissions from previously published fluxes. We outline the below-ground N cycle in permafrost regions and examine the environmental conditions influencing N2O dynamics. Climate-change-related impacts on permafrost ecosystems and how these impacts could alter N2O fluxes are reviewed, and an outlook on the major questions and research needs to better constrain the global impact of permafrost N2O emissions is provided.[Voigt, Carolina; Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Marushchak, Maija E.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Jyvaskyla, Finland; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Biasi, Christina; Martikainen, Pertti J.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Environm & Biol Sci, Kuopio, Finland; [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Siciliano, Steven D.; Stewart, Katherine J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Yang, Yuanhe] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniversite de Montreal; University of Jyvaskyla; Brigham Young University; University of Eastern Finland; University of Copenhagen; University of Saskatchewan; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CASVoigt, C (corresponding author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada.carolina.voigt@outlook.comAbbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Biasi, Christina/E-1130-2013; Yang, Yuanhe/D-1448-2011; Voigt, Carolina/GRX-9664-2022; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Biasi, Christina/0000-0002-7413-3354; Voigt, Carolina/0000-0001-8589-1428; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885XAcademy of Finland/Russian Foundation for Basic Research project NOCA [314630]; Yedoma-N project (General Research Grant from the Academy of Finland) [287469]; Canada Research Chair in Atmospheric Biogeosciences at High Latitudes; Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Permafrost) [CENPERM DNRF100]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant; Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP); International Polar Year (IPY) project CiCAT; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31825006, 31988102, 91837312]; Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program [2019QZKK0106, 2019QZKK0302]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [287469, 314630] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)Academy of Finland/Russian Foundation for Basic Research project NOCA; Yedoma-N project (General Research Grant from the Academy of Finland); Canada Research Chair in Atmospheric Biogeosciences at High Latitudes; Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures; Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Permafrost); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP)(Natural Resources Canada); International Polar Year (IPY) project CiCAT; National Natural Science Foundation of China(National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)); Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program; Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))We wish to acknowledge funding from the Academy of Finland/Russian Foundation for Basic Research project NOCA (decision no. 314630) and the Yedoma-N project (General Research Grant from the Academy of Finland, decision number 287469). C.V. was funded by the Canada Research Chair in Atmospheric Biogeosciences at High Latitudes (awarded to O.S.) and the Global Water Futures project Northern Water Futures. B.E. was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Permafrost, CENPERM DNRF100), S.D.S. was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant, the Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP) and the International Polar Year (IPY) project CiCAT. Y.Y. was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31825006, 31988102 and 91837312) and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0106 and 2019QZKK0302). We are grateful to Evan J. Wilcox for help in preparing Fig. 1 and to the authors of published N 2O flux studies for providing additional site-level information that helped to interpret the flux data.1634242<180 Day Usage Count>42128SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.AUG202018420434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0063-9http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0063-915Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologySA6YR2023-03-11 00:00:00WOS:0006494481000080 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847
Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic
ReviewANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCESArctic; permafrost carbon; climate change; terrestrial ecosystems; tundra; boreal; global carbon cycleMETHANE EMISSIONS; SOIL CARBON; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHERN PEATLAND; THERMOKARST LAKES; HOLOCENE CARBON; GROUND ICE; CO2; VULNERABILITY; RELEASESchuur, EAG; Abbott, BW; Commane, R; Ernakovich, J; Euskirchen, E; Hugelius, G; Grosse, G; Jones, M; Koven, C; Leshyk, V; Lawrence, D; Loranty, MM; Mauritz, M; Olefeldt, D; Natali, S; Rodenhizer, H; Salmon, V; Schadel, C; Strauss, J; Treat, C; Turetsky, MSchuur, Edward A. G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schaedel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, MerrittEnglishRapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much permafrost carbon will be released, over what time frame, and what the relative emissions of carbon dioxide and methane will be is key for understanding the impact on global climate. In addition, the response of vegetation in a warming climate has the potential to offset at least some of the accelerating feedback to the climate from permafrost carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, and ground ice are key regulators for determining the impact of permafrost ecosystems on the global carbon cycle. Together, these encompass services of permafrost relevant to global society as well as to the people living in the region and help to determine the landscape-level response of this region to a changing climate.[Schuur, Edward A. G.; Leshyk, Victor; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Schaedel, Christina] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Schuur, Edward A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Commane, Roisin] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA; [Ernakovich, Jessica] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA; [Euskirchen, Eugenie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Hugelius, Gustaf] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden; [Grosse, Guido; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Permafrost Res Sect, Potsdam, Germany; [Jones, Miriam] US Geol Survey, Florence Bascom Geosci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA; [Koven, Charlie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA; [Lawrence, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; [Loranty, Michael M.] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Mauritz, Marguerite] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA; [Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Natali, Susan] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA; [Salmon, Verity] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA; [Turetsky, Merritt] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USANorthern Arizona University; Northern Arizona University; Brigham Young University; Columbia University; University System Of New Hampshire; University of New Hampshire; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Stockholm University; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; Colgate University; University of Texas System; University of Texas El Paso; University of Alberta; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderSchuur, EAG (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.;Schuur, EAG (corresponding author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.ted.schuur@nau.eduHugelius, Gustaf/C-9759-2011; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Strauss, Jens/P-6544-2014; Commane, Roisin/E-4835-2016; Loranty, Michael/A-1518-2009; Treat, Claire/P-7160-2018Hugelius, Gustaf/0000-0002-8096-1594; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982; Commane, Roisin/0000-0003-1373-1550; Loranty, Michael/0000-0001-8851-7386; Treat, Claire/0000-0002-1225-8178NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange (2019-2023) [1931333]NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange (2019-2023)Development of this paper was a result of workshops and synthesis as part of the NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange (2019-2023) (grant 1931333). All authors are members of the Permafrost Carbon Network Steering Committee or are permafrost synthesis project leads.14955<180 Day Usage Count>6565ANNUAL REVIEWSPALO ALTO4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA1543-59381545-2050ANNU REV ENV RESOURAnnu. Rev. Environ. Resour.202247343371
http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-01184729Environmental Sciences; Environmental StudiesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology5K4XXGreen Submitted2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0008697318000140 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3
Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTSOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; METHANE EMISSIONS; EDDY COVARIANCE; SEASONAL CYCLE; DATA PRODUCT; CO2 FLUX; CLIMATE; TUNDRA; DIOXIDE; RELEASEMiner, KR; Turetsky, MR; Malina, E; Bartsch, A; Tamminen, J; McGuire, AD; Fix, A; Sweeney, C; Elder, CD; Miller, CEMiner, Kimberley R.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Malina, Edward; Bartsch, Annett; Tamminen, Johanna; McGuire, A. David; Fix, Andreas; Sweeney, Colm; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E.EnglishArctic permafrost stores nearly 1,700 billion metric tons of frozen and thawing carbon. Anthropogenic warming threatens to release an unknown quantity of this carbon to the atmosphere, influencing the climate in processes collectively known as the permafrost carbon feedback. In this Review, we discuss advances in tracking permafrost carbon dynamics, including mechanisms of abrupt thaw, instrumental observations of carbon release and model predictions of the permafrost carbon feedback. Abrupt thaw and thermokarst could emit a substantial amount of carbon to the atmosphere rapidly (days to years), mobilizing the deep legacy carbon sequestered in Yedoma. Carbon dioxide emissions are proportionally larger than other greenhouse gas emissions in the Arctic, but expansion of anoxic conditions within thawed permafrost and soils stands to increase the proportion of future methane emissions. Increasingly frequent wildfires in the Arctic will also lead to a notable but unpredictable carbon flux. More detailed monitoring though in situ, airborne and satellite observations will provide a deeper understanding of the Arctic's future role as a carbon source or sink, and the subsequent impact on the Earth system. Large stores of carbon could be released to the atmosphere from Arctic warming, driving permafrost thaw. This Review examines the processes that impact Arctic permafrost carbon emissions, how they might change in the future and ways to monitor and predict these changes.[Miner, Kimberley R.; Malina, Edward; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO USA; [Bartsch, Annett] B Geos, Korneuburg, Austria; [Bartsch, Annett] Austrian Polar Res Inst, Vienna, Austria; [Tamminen, Johanna] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, Finland; [McGuire, A. David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Fix, Andreas] Inst Phys Atmosphere, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO USACalifornia Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Finnish Meteorological Institute; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Helmholtz Association; German Aerospace Centre (DLR); National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USAMiner, KR (corresponding author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.Kimberley.N.Miner@jpl.nasa.govTamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Sweeney, Colm/AAE-9291-2019Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Miner, Kimberley/0000-0002-1006-1283National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NM0018D0004]; Academy of Finland [312125, 337552]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [312125] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))A portion of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). This work is part of the NASA-ESA Arctic Methane and Permafrost Challenge (AMPAC). J.T. acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland (projects 312125, 337552).1954241<180 Day Usage Count>166297SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.JAN2022315567
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00230-313Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyYG7MQYN2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0007426681000120 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.017
Review: Impacts of permafrost degradation on inorganic chemistry of surface fresh water
ReviewGLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGEMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; CENTRAL SIBERIAN RIVERS; ROCK GLACIER OUTFLOW; ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ACTIVE-LAYER; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; THAWING PERMAFROSTColombo, N; Salerno, F; Gruber, S; Freppaz, M; Williams, M; Fratianni, S; Giardino, MColombo, Nicola; Salerno, Franco; Gruber, Stephan; Freppaz, Michele; Williams, Mark; Fratianni, Simona; Giardino, MarcoEnglishRecent studies have shown that climate change is impacting the inorganic chemical characteristics of surface fresh water in permafrost areas and affecting aquatic ecosystems. Concentrations of major ions (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NO3-) can increase following permafrost degradation with associated deepening of flow pathways and increased contributions of deep groundwater. In addition, thickening of the active layer and melting of near surface ground ice can influence inorganic chemical fluxes from permafrost into surface water. Permafrost degradation has also the capability to modify trace element (e.g., Ni, Mn, Al, Hg, Pb) contents in surface water. Although several local and regional modifications of inorganic chemistry of surface fresh water have been attributed to permafrost degradation, a comprehensive review of the observed changes is lacking. The goal of this paper is to distil insight gained across differing permafrost settings through the identification of common patterns in previous studies, at global scale. In this review we focus on three typical permafrost configurations (pervasive permafrost degradation, thermokarst, and thawing rock glaciers) as examples and distinguish impacts on (i) major ions and (ii) trace elements. Consequences of warming climate have caused spatially-distributed progressive increases of major ion and trace element delivery to surface fresh water in both polar and mountain areas following pervasive permafrost degradation. Moreover, localised releases of major ions and trace elements to surface water due to the liberation of soluble materials sequestered in permafrost and ground ice have been found in ice-rich terrains both at high latitude (thermokarst features) and high elevation (rock glaciers). Further release of solutes and related transport to surface fresh water can be expected under warming climatic conditions. However, complex interactions among several factors able to influence the timing and magnitude of the impacts of permafrost degradation on inorganic chemistry of surface fresh water (e.g., permafrost sensitivity to thawing, modes of permafrost degradation, characteristics of watersheds) require further conceptual and mechanistic understanding together with quantitative diagnosis of the involved mechanisms in order to predict future changes with confidence.[Colombo, Nicola; Fratianni, Simona; Giardino, Marco] Univ Turin, Dept Earth Sci, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125 Turin, Italy; [Colombo, Nicola; Gruber, Stephan] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; [Salerno, Franco] CNR, IRSA, Natl Res Council, Water Res Inst, Via Mulino 19, I-20047 Brugherio, Italy; [Freppaz, Michele] Univ Turin, Dept Agr Forest & Food Sci, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy; [Williams, Mark] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USAUniversity of Turin; Carleton University; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque (IRSA-CNR); University of Turin; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado BoulderColombo, N (corresponding author), Univ Turin, Dept Earth Sci, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125 Turin, Italy.nicola.colombo@unito.itColombo, Nicola/J-9426-2016; Gruber, Stephan/E-3884-2010; salerno, franco/ABD-3319-2020Colombo, Nicola/0000-0003-2244-3147; Gruber, Stephan/0000-0002-1079-1542; Fratianni, Simona/0000-0002-8706-882X; Giardino, Marco/0000-0002-0008-32511826061<180 Day Usage Count>594ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0921-81811872-6364GLOBAL PLANET CHANGEGlob. Planet. ChangeMAR20181626983
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.017http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.01715Geography, Physical; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Physical Geography; GeologyGA0JSGreen Submitted2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0004279999000070 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018
Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions
ReviewBIOGEOSCIENCESACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; POLYGONAL TUNDRA SITE; SEASONAL SNOW COVER; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; SHRUB EXPANSION; BOREAL FORESTLoranty, MM; Abbott, BW; Blok, D; Douglas, TA; Epstein, HE; Forbes, BC; Jones, BM; Kholodov, AL; Kropp, H; Malhotra, A; Mamet, SD; Myers-Smith, IH; Natali, SM; O'Donnell, JA; Phoenix, GK; Rocha, AV; Sonnentag, O; Tape, KD; Walker, DALoranty, Michael M.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Blok, Daan; Douglas, Thomas A.; Epstein, Howard E.; Forbes, Bruce C.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Kholodov, Alexander L.; Kropp, Heather; Malhotra, Avni; Mamet, Steven D.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Natali, Susan M.; O'Donnell, Jonathan A.; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Rocha, Adrian V.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Tape, Ken D.; Walker, Donald A.EnglishSoils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the timing and magnitude of the permafrost-climate feedback stems from complex interactions between ecosystem properties and soil thermal dynamics. Terrestrial ecosystems fundamentally regulate the response of permafrost to climate change by influencing surface energy partitioning and the thermal properties of soil itself. Here we review how Arctic and boreal ecosystem processes influence thermal dynamics in permafrost soil and how these linkages may evolve in response to climate change. While many of the ecosystem characteristics and processes affecting soil thermal dynamics have been examined individually (e.g., vegetation, soil moisture, and soil structure), interactions among these processes are less understood. Changes in ecosystem type and vegetation characteristics will alter spatial patterns of interactions between climate and permafrost. In addition to shrub expansion, other vegetation responses to changes in climate and rapidly changing disturbance regimes will affect ecosystem surface energy partitioning in ways that are important for permafrost. Lastly, changes in vegetation and ecosystem distribution will lead to regional and global biophysical and biogeochemical climate feedbacks that may compound or offset local impacts on permafrost soils. Consequently, accurate prediction of the permafrost carbon climate feedback will require detailed understanding of changes in terrestrial ecosystem distribution and function, which depend on the net effects of multiple feedback processes operating across scales in space and time.[Loranty, Michael M.; Kropp, Heather] Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA; [Abbott, Benjamin W.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA; [Blok, Daan] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; [Douglas, Thomas A.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Ft Wainwright, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA; [Epstein, Howard E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA; [Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland; [Jones, Benjamin M.; Tape, Ken D.] Univ Alaska, Inst Northern Engn, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Kholodov, Alexander L.] Univ Alaska, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Malhotra, Avni] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Malhotra, Avni] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA; [Mamet, Steven D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Soil Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; [Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland; [Natali, Susan M.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [O'Donnell, Jonathan A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA; [Phoenix, Gareth K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Change Initiat, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 2B8, Canada; [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAColgate University; Brigham Young University; Lund University; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center (ERDC); Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (CRREL); University of Virginia; University of Lapland; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Saskatchewan; University of Edinburgh; Woods Hole Research Center; United States Department of the Interior; University of Sheffield; University of Notre Dame; University of Notre Dame; Universite de Montreal; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksLoranty, MM (corresponding author), Colgate Univ, Dept Geog, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA.mloranty@colgate.eduForbes, Bruce C./L-4431-2013; Malhotra, Avni/R-4970-2019; Myers-Smith, Isla H/D-1529-2013; Abbott, Benjamin W./G-1733-2017; Loranty, Michael Mark/A-1518-2009; Mamet, Steven Douglas/H-8408-2019; Blok, Daan/E-1649-2011Forbes, Bruce C./0000-0002-4593-5083; Malhotra, Avni/0000-0002-7850-6402; Myers-Smith, Isla H/0000-0002-8417-6112; Abbott, Benjamin W./0000-0001-5861-3481; Loranty, Michael Mark/0000-0001-8851-7386; Mamet, Steven Douglas/0000-0002-3510-3814; Blok, Daan/0000-0003-2703-9303; Jones, Benjamin/0000-0002-1517-4711; O'Donnell, Jonathan/0000-0001-7031-9808; Kropp, Heather/0000-0002-4258-3393National Science Foundation Network grant [955713]; National Science Foundation Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) grant [PLR-1304464, 1331083]; U.S. National Science Foundation [PLR-1417745]; Swedish Research Council [2015-00465]; Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions [INCA 600398]; U.S. Army Basic Research (6.1) Program; Academy of Finland [256991]; JPI Climate [291581]; UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/M016323/1]; NERC [NE/M016323/1] Funding Source: UKRI; Academy of Finland (AKA) [256991] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1304464] Funding Source: National Science Foundation; Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences [1623764] Funding Source: National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation Network grant; National Science Foundation Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) grant(National Science Foundation (NSF)); U.S. National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Swedish Research Council(Swedish Research Council); Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions; U.S. Army Basic Research (6.1) Program; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); JPI Climate; UK Natural Environment Research Council(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES)); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO)); Office of Polar Programs (OPP); Directorate For Geosciences(National Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Directorate for Geosciences (GEO))This project benefited from input from members of the Permafrost Carbon Network (http://permafrostcarbon.org, last access: 30 August 2018). Supporting funding for the Permafrost Carbon Network was provided by the National Science Foundation Network grant no. 955713 and the National Science Foundation Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) grant nos. PLR-1304464 and 1331083. MML was supported with funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation grant no. PLR-1417745. DB was supported by The Swedish Research Council (2015-00465) and Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions co-funding (INCA 600398). TAD acknowledges support from the U.S. Army Basic Research (6.1) Program. BCF was supported by the Academy of Finland (decision no. 256991) and JPI Climate (decision no. 291581). IMS received support from UK Natural Environment Research Council ShrubTundra Grant (NE/M016323/1). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve this manuscript.284105106<180 Day Usage Count>17109COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1726-41701726-4189BIOGEOSCIENCESBiogeosciencesAUG 312018151752875313
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-2018http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5287-201827Ecology; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyGS2CFGreen Accepted, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0004433474000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsYNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13570
Systematic review of documented Indigenous Knowledge of freshwater biodiversity in the circumpolar Arctic
ReviewFRESHWATER BIOLOGYclimate change; fish; lake; river; Traditional KnowledgeCLIMATE-CHANGE; HEALTHKnopp, JA; Levenstein, B; Watson, A; Ivanova, I; Lento, JKnopp, Jennie A.; Levenstein, Brianna; Watson, Annette; Ivanova, Ina; Lento, JenniferEnglishIndigenous Peoples in the Arctic have for millennia relied on freshwaters for drinking water and freshwater species that comprise important subsistence harvests, which promotes a strong connection to the land and unique understanding of organisms and ecosystem processes and changes. Despite the importance of freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem services to Arctic Indigenous communities, there have been limited attempts to summarise available Indigenous Knowledge (IK) regarding Arctic freshwater systems and to understand how conservation can benefit from this knowledge base. This paper presents a systematic review of literature documenting circumpolar Arctic IK with a focus on freshwater biodiversity in Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland), Russia, and the U.S.A. (Alaska). Standardised search terms and methodologies were used to locate relevant documents using Google Scholar and Google Advanced search engines. Thematic coding was used to identify freshwater biodiversity themes within the identified documents. Documented IK of freshwater biodiversity was found from all five geographic regions and included data on both species presence and habitat changes with potential to affect biodiversity. Canada had the highest number of relevant documents (n = 127), followed by the U.S.A. (Alaska;n = 116), Fennoscandia (n = 38), Russia (n = 27), and Greenland (n = 5). The number of relevant documents with IK published per year was highest in most recent years, from 2010 onwards, in all geographic regions. Fish represented the highest number of faunal observations with 59 species observed, approximately half of which were Salmonidae (29 species). Local-scale assessment of fish diversity found observations of the highest number of species (11-25) in Alaska, and individual observations of 6-10 species were found throughout Alaska, mainland areas of Canada, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Documented IK also contributed new information on historical fish diversity and indicated local-scale loss or gain of species. Such information is of vital importance to provide long-term records of fish composition and abundance, especially when this information does not exist in other knowledge bases such as western science datasets. Indigenous Knowledge included observations of changes in freshwater and terrestrial habitat associated with a warming climate, such as: decreasing water levels and more draining/drying of lakes and rivers, a shorter period of ice cover (late freeze and early break-up), decreasing ice thickness, and increasing occurrence of permafrost thaw and eroding banks. Such observations by those who actively rely on Arctic freshwater ecosystem services are important because they signify that change is occurring and that action is needed to mitigate the impacts on freshwater habitats and the biodiversity therein. This study demonstrates that previously documented IK provides valuable information towards determining freshwater biodiversity baselines and patterns of change in the circumpolar Arctic. However, these results do not sufficiently cover the depth and breadth of IK on freshwater biodiversity and ecology held by Indigenous communities. Further work incorporating Indigenous worldviews around freshwater ecology would provide context to the knowledge collected and a deeper understanding of Arctic circumpolar freshwater environments.[Knopp, Jennie A.] Oceans North, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Levenstein, Brianna; Lento, Jennifer] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Dept Biol, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Watson, Annette] Coll Charleston, Dept Polit Sci, Charleston, SC 29401 USA; [Ivanova, Ina] Coll Charleston, Environm & Sustainabil Studies, Charleston, SC 29401 USAUniversity of New Brunswick; College of Charleston; College of CharlestonKnopp, JA (corresponding author), Oceans North Conservat Soc, 502-100 Gloucester St, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada.jknopp@oceansnorth.caLento, Jennifer/Y-4082-2019Lento, Jennifer/0000-0002-8098-4825; Levenstein, Brianna/0000-0002-3776-1933Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment and Climate Change CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Environment and Climate Change CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant/Award Number: Discovery Grant; Environment and Climate Change Canada4544<180 Day Usage Count>442WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0046-50701365-2427FRESHWATER BIOLFreshw. Biol.JAN2022671SI194209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13570http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.135702020-07-01 00:00:0016Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater BiologyYJ4FDhybrid2023-03-06 00:00:00WOS:0005467146000010 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllPermafrost zonesNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1
The changing thermal state of permafrost
ReviewNATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENTACTIVE-LAYER; GROUND TEMPERATURES; MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST; MACKENZIE DELTA; ICE-RICH; STATISTICAL APPROACH; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; WARMING PERMAFROST; THAW SUBSIDENCE; CLIMATE-CHANGESmith, SL; O'Neill, HB; Isaksen, K; Noetzli, J; Romanovsky, VESmith, Sharon L.; O'Neill, H. Brendan; Isaksen, Ketil; Noetzli, Jeannette; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.EnglishPermafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline changes in the thermal state of permafrost, focusing on permafrost temperatures and active-layer thickness. Increases in permafrost temperature vary spatially owing to interactions between climate, vegetation, snow cover, organic-layer thickness and ground ice content. In warmer permafrost (temperatures close to 0 degrees C), rates of warming are typically less than 0.3 degrees C per decade, as observed in sub-Arctic regions. In colder permafrost (temperatures less than -2 degrees C), by contrast, warming of up to about 1 degrees C per decade is apparent, as in the high-latitude Arctic. Increased active-layer thicknesses have also been observed since the 1990s in some regions, including a change of 0.4 m in the Russian Arctic. Simulations unanimously indicate that warming and thawing of permafrost will continue in response to climate change and potentially accelerate, but there is substantial variation in the magnitude and timing of predicted changes between different models and scenarios. A greater understanding of longer-term interactions between permafrost, climate, vegetation and snow cover, as well as improved model representation of subsurface conditions including ground ice, will further reduce uncertainty regarding the thermal state of permafrost and its future response. Permafrost thaw is directly governed by the thermal characteristics of the frozen ground. This Review outlines the status of and mechanisms influencing the thermal state of permafrost, revealing widespread increases in permafrost temperatures and active-layer thicknesses.[Smith, Sharon L.; O'Neill, H. Brendan] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Isaksen, Ketil] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway; [Noetzli, Jeannette] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland; [Romanovsky, Vladimir E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USANatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksSmith, SL (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.sharon.smith@nrcan-rncan.gc.caNoetzli, Jeannette/ABA-4132-2020; Isaksen, Ketil/C-6493-2011Noetzli, Jeannette/0000-0001-9188-6318; Isaksen, Ketil/0000-0003-2356-5330Geological Survey of Canada of Natural Resources Canada; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, MeteoSwiss; Federal Office for the Environment; Swiss Academy of Sciences; University of Alaska FairbanksGeological Survey of Canada of Natural Resources Canada; Norwegian Meteorological Institute; WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, MeteoSwiss; Federal Office for the Environment; Swiss Academy of Sciences; University of Alaska FairbanksThe authors acknowledge support from the Geological Survey of Canada of Natural Resources Canada, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, MeteoSwiss and the Federal Office for the Environment and the Swiss Academy of Sciences, and the University of Alaska Fairbanks. S. Wolfe (Geological Survey of Canada) provided helpful comments on the manuscript.1743940<180 Day Usage Count>64130SPRINGERNATURELONDONCAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND2662-138XNAT REV EARTH ENVNat. Rev. Earth Environ.JAN2022311023
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00240-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00240-114Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; GeologyYG7MQYY2023-03-10WOS:0007426681000090 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllCommunities - variousYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.735
The rapidly changing Arctic and its societal implications
ReviewWILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGEArctic; circumpolar; climate change; communities; cumulative effects; human dimension; Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge; societal impactsCLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTATION; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ALASKA PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE; CHANGE IMPACTS; SEA-ICE; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; COMMUNITY RELOCATIONS; COASTAL COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGICAL GRIEFFord, JD; Pearce, T; Canosa, IV; Harper, SFord, James D.; Pearce, Tristan; Canosa, Ivan Villaverde; Harper, SherileeEnglishThe Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change and is projected to experience the most warming this century of any world region. We review the societal aspects of these current and projected changes. Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge holders living in communities across the Arctic have detected unprecedented increases in temperature, altered precipitation regimes, and changing weather patterns, documenting impacts on terrestrial and marine environments. These local observations situate climate change as one of multiple interacting stressors. Arctic societies have exhibited resilience to climate change, but vulnerabilities are emerging at the nexus of changing environmental conditions and socioeconomic pressures. Infrastructure is highly susceptible to permafrost thaw, coastal erosion, and sea level rise, compounded by the age of infrastructure, maintenance challenges, and cost of adapting. Livelihoods and cultural activities linked to subsistence harvesting have been affected by changes to wildlife, with coping mechanisms undermined by long-term processes of land dispossession and landscape fragmentation. Reduced sea ice coverage and changing ice dynamics are creating opportunities for enhanced shipping, oil and gas production, and deep-water fisheries. Legal, infrastructural, economic, and climatic challenges are expected to constrain such developments, with concerns over the distribution of potential benefits. Adaptation is already taking place in some sectors and regions, with efforts directly targeting climate impacts and also addressing underlying determinants of vulnerability. Barriers and limits to adapting are evident. Research that develops projections of future climate impacts is advancing, but studies examining the implications of such changes for communities or economies remain in their infancy. This article is categorized under: Trans-Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews[Ford, James D.; Canosa, Ivan Villaverde] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England; [Pearce, Tristan] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Global & Int Studies, Prince George, BC, Canada; [Canosa, Ivan Villaverde; Harper, Sherilee] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; University of Northern British Columbia; University of AlbertaFord, JD (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.j.ford2@leeds.ac.ukFord, James/A-4284-2013; Harper, Sherilee/L-4996-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Harper, Sherilee/0000-0001-7298-8765ArcticNet; CIHR: Climate Change and Indigenous Food Systems, Food Security, and Food Safety; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, International Programme - RussiaArcticNet; CIHR: Climate Change and Indigenous Food Systems, Food Security, and Food Safety(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, International Programme - RussiaArcticNet; CIHR: Climate Change and Indigenous Food Systems, Food Security, and Food Safety; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, International Programme - Russia23866<180 Day Usage Count>1775WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1757-77801757-7799WIRES CLIM CHANGEWiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang.NOV2021126
e735
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.735http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.7352021-09-01 00:00:0027Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesWG9TX2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0006931670000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarNorth SlaveDaring Lake Tundra Ecosystem Research StationNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058
Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
ReviewARCTIC SCIENCEreview; tundra; ground temperatures; snow experiments; ITEXPLANT PHENOLOGICAL RESPONSES; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; MOIST ACIDIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG-TERM; GROWING-SEASON; WARMING EVENTS; SHRUB EXPANSION; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; NITROGEN MINERALIZATIONRixen, C; Hoye, TT; Macek, P; Aerts, R; Alatalo, JM; Anderson, JT; Arnold, PA; Barrio, IC; Bjerke, JW; Bjorkman, MP; Blok, D; Blume-Werry, G; Boike, J; Bokhorst, S; Carbognani, M; Christiansen, CT; Convey, P; Cooper, EJ; Cornelissen, JHC; Coulson, SJ; Dorrepaal, E; Elberling, B; Elmendorf, SC; Elphinstone, C; Forte, TGW; Frei, ER; Geange, SR; Gehrmann, F; Gibson, C; Grogan, P; Halbritter, AH; Harte, J; Henry, GHR; Inouye, DW; Irwin, RE; Jespersen, G; Jonsdottir, IS; Jung, JY; Klinges, DH; Kudo, G; Lamsa, J; Lee, H; Lembrechts, JJ; Lett, S; Lynn, JS; Mann, HMR; Mastepanov, M; Morse, J; Myers-Smith, IH; Olofsson, J; Paavola, R; Petraglia, A; Phoenix, GK; Semenchuk, P; Siewert, MB; Slatyer, R; Spasojevic, MJ; Suding, K; Sullivan, P; Thompson, KL; Vaisanen, M; Vandvik, V; Venn, S; Walz, J; Way, R; Welker, JM; Wipf, S; Zong, SWRixen, Christian; Hoye, Toke Thomas; Macek, Petr; Aerts, Rien; Alatalo, Juha M.; Anderson, Jill T.; Arnold, Pieter A.; Barrio, Isabel C.; Bjerke, Jarle W.; Bjorkman, Mats P.; Blok, Daan; Blume-Werry, Gesche; Boike, Julia; Bokhorst, Stef; Carbognani, Michele; Christiansen, Casper T.; Convey, Peter; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Cornelissen, J. Hans C.; Coulson, Stephen J.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Elberling, Bo; Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Elphinstone, Cassandra; Forte, T'ai G. W.; Frei, Esther R.; Geange, Sonya R.; Gehrmann, Friederike; Gibson, Casey; Grogan, Paul; Halbritter, Aud Helen; Harte, John; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Inouye, David W.; Irwin, Rebecca E.; Jespersen, Gus; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala; Jung, Ji Young; Klinges, David H.; Kudo, Gaku; Lamsa, Juho; Lee, Hanna; Lembrechts, Jonas J.; Lett, Signe; Lynn, Joshua Scott; Mann, Hjalte M. R.; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Morse, Jennifer; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Olofsson, Johan; Paavola, Riku; Petraglia, Alessandro; Phoenix, Gareth K.; Semenchuk, Philipp; Siewert, Matthias B.; Slatyer, Rachel; Spasojevic, Marko J.; Suding, Katharine; Sullivan, Patrick; Thompson, Kimberly L.; Vaisanen, Maria; Vandvik, Vigdis; Venn, Susanna; Walz, Josefine; Way, Robert; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Wipf, Sonja; Zong, ShengweiEnglishSnow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season's start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover's role for vegetation, plant- animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates.[Rixen, Christian; Frei, Esther R.; Wipf, Sonja] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland; [Rixen, Christian; Frei, Esther R.] Climate Change Extremes & Nat Hazards Alpine Reg, Davos, Switzerland; [Hoye, Toke Thomas; Mann, Hjalte M. R.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Ecosci, CF Mollers Alle 4-8, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Hoye, Toke Thomas; Mann, Hjalte M. R.] Aarhus Univ, Arctic Res Ctr, CF Mollers Alle 4-8, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [Macek, Petr] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Biol Ctr, Na Sadkach 7, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic; [Aerts, Rien; Bokhorst, Stef; Cornelissen, J. Hans C.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Ecol Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Alatalo, Juha M.] Qatar Univ, Environm Sci Ctr, Doha, Qatar; [Anderson, Jill T.] Univ Georgia, Genet Dept, Athens, GA 30602 USA; [Arnold, Pieter A.; Slatyer, Rachel] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Ecol & Evolut, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [Barrio, Isabel C.] Agr Univ Iceland, Fac Environm & Forest Sci, Arleyni 22, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Bjerke, Jarle W.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, Tromso, Norway; [Bjorkman, Mats P.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Bjorkman, Mats P.] Gothenburg Global Biodivers Ctr, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; [Blok, Daan] Dutch Res Council NWO, The Hague, Netherlands; [Blume-Werry, Gesche] Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, Expt Plant Ecol, Soldmannstr 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Telegrafenberg A45, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; [Boike, Julia] Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; [Carbognani, Michele; Forte, T'ai G. W.; Petraglia, Alessandro] Univ Parma, Dept Chem Life Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Parco Area Sci 11-A, I-43124 Parma, Italy; [Christiansen, Casper T.; Lett, Signe] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Terr Ecol Sect, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Convey, Peter] NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England; [Cooper, Elisabeth J.] UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Fac Biosci Fisheries & Econ, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; [Coulson, Stephen J.] Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Biol, POB 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway; [Dorrepaal, Ellen; Gehrmann, Friederike; Walz, Josefine] Umea Univ, Climate Impacts Res Ctr, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Abisko, Sweden; [Elberling, Bo] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Permafrost CENPERM, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark; [Elmendorf, Sarah C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Elphinstone, Cassandra] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Frei, Esther R.; Henry, Gregory H. R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Frei, Esther R.] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [Geange, Sonya R.; Halbritter, Aud Helen; Lynn, Joshua Scott; Vandvik, Vigdis] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol Sci, Bergen, Norway; [Gibson, Casey] Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci UNSW, Sydney, Australia; [Grogan, Paul] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Halbritter, Aud Helen; Lynn, Joshua Scott; Vandvik, Vigdis] Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway; [Harte, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; [Harte, John; Inouye, David W.; Irwin, Rebecca E.] Rocky Mt Biol Labs, Crested Butte, CO 81224 USA; [Inouye, David W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Irwin, Rebecca E.] NC State Univ, Dept Appl Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA; [Jespersen, Gus; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala] Univ Iceland, Life & Environm Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-102 Reykjavik, Iceland; [Jung, Ji Young] Korea Polar Reseach Inst, Incheon 21990, South Korea; [Klinges, David H.] Univ Florida, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; [Kudo, Gaku] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan; [Lamsa, Juho; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Paavola, Riku] Univ Oulu, Oulanka Res Stn, Liikasenvaarantie 134, Kuusamo 93900, Finland; [Lee, Hanna] Bjekrnes Ctr Climate Res, NORCE Norwegian Res Ctr, Bergen, Norway; [Lembrechts, Jonas J.] Univ Antwerp, Res Grp Plants & Ecosyst, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; [Mastepanov, Mikhail] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [Morse, Jennifer; Suding, Katharine] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Myers-Smith, Isla H.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, Midlothian, Scotland; [Olofsson, Johan; Siewert, Matthias B.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden; [Phoenix, Gareth K.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England; [Semenchuk, Philipp] Dept Bot & Biodivers Res, Div Conservat Biol Vegetat Ecol & Landscape Ecol, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; [Spasojevic, Marko J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA; [Sullivan, Patrick] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA; [Thompson, Kimberly L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA; [Vaisanen, Maria; Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Oulu, Ecol & Genet Rres Unit, Pentti Kaiteran St 1, Oulu 90014, Finland; [Venn, Susanna] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia; [Way, Robert] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Northern Environm Geosci Lab, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; [Welker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Arctic UArctic, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland; [Wipf, Sonja] Swiss Natl Pk, CH-7530 Runatsch, Zernez, Switzerland; [Zong, Shengwei] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Key Lab Geog Proc & Ecol Secur Changbai Mt, Minist Educ, Changchun 130024, Peoples R ChinaSwiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Qatar University; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Australian National University; Norwegian Institute Nature Research; University of Gothenburg; University of Gothenburg; Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; Humboldt University of Berlin; University of Parma; University of Copenhagen; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Antarctic Survey; UiT The Arctic University of Tromso; University Centre Svalbard (UNIS); Umea University; University of Copenhagen; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research; University of Bergen; Queens University - Canada; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Bergen; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; North Carolina State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of Iceland; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Hokkaido University; University of Oulu; Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE); University of Antwerp; Aarhus University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Edinburgh; Umea University; University of Sheffield; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Anchorage; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Oulu; Deakin University; Queens University - Canada; Northeast Normal University - ChinaRixen, C (corresponding author), WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland.;Rixen, C (corresponding author), Climate Change Extremes & Nat Hazards Alpine Reg, Davos, Switzerland.rixen@slf.chJonsdottir, Ingibjorg/L-8952-2015; Wipf, Sonja/A-5075-2010; Klinges, David/GWC-7196-2022; Elphinstone, Cassandra/ABH-3113-2021; Macek, Petr/F-5593-2011; Arnold, Pieter/H-1481-2016; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/Q-4378-2016; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg/0000-0003-3804-7077; Wipf, Sonja/0000-0002-3492-1399; Elphinstone, Cassandra/0000-0002-2968-1431; Macek, Petr/0000-0002-4792-9461; Arnold, Pieter/0000-0002-6158-7752; Siewert, Matthias Benjamin/0000-0003-2890-8873; Lett, Signe/0000-0003-2515-8413; Paavola, Riku/0000-0002-4708-1413; Lynn, Joshua/0000-0002-7190-7991; Bjerke, Jarle W./0000-0003-2721-1492; Geange, Sonya/0000-0001-5344-7234; Vaisanen, Maria/0000-0001-9055-8443; ELMENDORF, SARAH/0000-0003-1085-8521; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Forte, T'ai Gladys Whittingham/0000-0002-8685-5872; Barrio, Isabel C/0000-0002-8120-5248EU; NSF [1836873 1504141, 1433063, 0119279, 0856728, 0632184, 9617643, 9321730, DEB-1912006, DEB-1354104, OPP-1504538]; Czech Science Foundation [17-20839S]; Norwegian Research Council [230970, 171542, 225006, 184912, KLIMAFORSK 244525]; Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU) High North Programme [HNP2013/10092]; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway; European Union [657627]; Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2016-01187]; NSF-supported Niwot Ridge LTER program [NSF DEB -1637686]; Research Foundation Flanders [OZ7828, OZ7916, OZ8323, OZ7792]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; ArcticNet; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; Finnish Society of Forest Sciences; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; Oskar Oflunds Stiftelse; University of Oulu; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2021M1A5A1075508, PN22012]; Kempe Foundation; NERC; Swiss National Science Foundation [JCK-1822]; Australian Research Council [DE140101611]; Australian Research Council [DE140101611] Funding Source: Australian Research CouncilEU(European Commission); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Czech Science Foundation(Grant Agency of the Czech Republic); Norwegian Research Council(Research Council of Norway); Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU) High North Programme; UiT-The Arctic University of Norway; European Union(European Commission); Swedish Research Council FORMAS(Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas); NSF-supported Niwot Ridge LTER program; Research Foundation Flanders(FWO); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); ArcticNet; Northern Science Training Program; Polar Continental Shelf Program; Royal Canadian Mounted Police; Danish National Research Foundation(Danmarks Grundforskningsfond); Finnish Society of Forest Sciences; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; Oskar Oflunds Stiftelse; University of Oulu; National Research Foundation of Korea(National Research Foundation of Korea); Kempe Foundation; NERC(UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)); Swiss National Science Foundation(Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)); Australian Research Council(Australian Research Council); Australian Research Council(Australian Research Council)This work and the extensive data collection was supported by numerous institutions and funding agencies namely: EU H2020 CHARTER project; NSF award numbers 1836873 1504141, 1433063, 0119279, 0856728, 0632184, 9617643, 9321730, DEB-1912006, DEB-1354104, OPP-1504538, DEB-1354104; the Czech Science Foundation 17-20839S; the Norwegian Research Council (SnoEco project, number 230970, and grants 171542, 225006, NORKLIMA 184912 and KLIMAFORSK 244525), the FRAM Centre Terrestrial Framework (project: Summer's End); the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU) High North Programme (JANATEX project, number HNP2013/10092); the UiT-The Arctic University of Norway; the BECC -Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate; the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 657627; the Swedish Research Council FORMAS -future research leaders No. 2016-01187; the NSF-supported Niwot Ridge LTER program (NSF DEB -1637686); Funding by the Research Foundation Flanders (project numbers OZ7828, OZ7916, OZ8323 and OZ7792); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ArcticNet, Canadian International Year Program, Northern Science Training Program (Polar Knowledge Canada), Polar Continental Shelf Program, and logistical support from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police; the Nunavut Department of Environment and the Qikiqtani Inuit Association; the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100); the Doctoral Programme in Plant Science (University of Helsinki); the Finnish Society of Forest Sciences; Nordenskiold-samfundet; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica and Oskar Oflunds Stiftelse to FG; the Academy of Finland, University of Oulu; the National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2021M1A5A1075508, PN22012]; the Center for Miljoforskning and Kempe Foundation; NERC core funding to BAS; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the Netherlands Polar Programme; Qatar Petroleum; Kempestiftelserna Ref.No JCK-1822; the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE140101611.35088<180 Day Usage Count>5783CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.SEP202283572608
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-005837Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics8S2VEGreen Published, Green Accepted, Green Submitted, gold2023-03-14WOS:0009284409000030 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarBeaufort DeltaInuvik-Tuktoyaktuk HighwayNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0033
Arctic roads and railways: social and environmental consequences of transport infrastructure in the circumpolar North
Review; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEroads; railways; climate change; development; permafrost landscapes; Indigenous communities; environmental and social impact assessment; circumpolar NorthPERMAFROST LANDSCAPES; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; CUMULATIVE IMPACTS; LOCAL KNOWLEDGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLOBAL MAP; ALASKA; HABITAT; SYSTEM; DISTURBANCEPovoroznyuk, O; Vincent, WF; Schweitzer, P; Laptander, R; Bennett, M; Calmels, F; Sergeev, D; Arp, C; Forbes, BC; Roy-Leveillee, P; Walker, DAPovoroznyuk, Olga; Vincent, Warwick F.; Schweitzer, Peter; Laptander, Roza; Bennett, Mia; Calmels, Fabrice; Sergeev, Dmitrii; Arp, Christopher; Forbes, Bruce C.; Roy-Leveillee, Pascale; Walker, Donald A.EnglishLand-based transport corridors and related infrastructure are increasingly extending into and across the Arctic in support of resource development and population growth, causing large-scale cumulative changes to northern socio-ecological systems. These changes include the increased mobility of people, goods and resources, and environmental impacts on landscapes and ecosystems as the human footprint reaches remote, unindustrialized regions. Arctic climate change is also generating new challenges for the construction and maintenance of these transport systems, requiring adaptive engineering solutions as well as community resilience. In this review article, we consider the complex entanglements between humans, the environment, and land transportation infrastructure in the North and illustrate these interrelations by way of seven case studies: the Baikal- Railway, and proposed railways on Baffin Island, Canada. As new infrastructure is built and anticipated across the circumpolar North, there is an urgent need for an integrated socio-ecological approach to impact assessment. This would include full consideration of Indigenous knowledge and concerns, collaboration with local communities and user groups in assessment, planning and monitoring, and evaluation of alternative engineering designs to contend with the impacts of climate change in the decades ahead.[Povoroznyuk, Olga; Schweitzer, Peter] Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; [Povoroznyuk, Olga; Schweitzer, Peter; Roy-Leveillee, Pascale] Austrian Polar Res Inst, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; [Vincent, Warwick F.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nordiques CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Vincent, Warwick F.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Laptander, Roza] Univ Hamburg, Inst Social & Cultural Anthropol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; [Bennett, Mia] Univ Washington, Dept Geog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Calmels, Fabrice] Yukon Univ, YukonU Res Ctr, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada; [Sergeev, Dmitrii] Sergeev Inst Environm Geosci RAS IEG RAS, Moscow 101000, Russia; [Arp, Christopher] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Laptander, Roza; Forbes, Bruce C.] Univ Lapland, Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi 96200, Finland; [Roy-Leveillee, Pascale] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniversity of Vienna; Laval University; Laval University; University of Hamburg; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Yukon University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Lapland; Laval University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska FairbanksPovoroznyuk, O (corresponding author), Univ Vienna, Dept Social & Cultural Anthropol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.;Povoroznyuk, O (corresponding author), Austrian Polar Res Inst, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.;Vincent, WF (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nordiques CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.;Vincent, WF (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.olga.povoroznyuk@univie.ac.at; warwick.vincent@bio.ulaval.ca; Forbes, Bruce/L-4431-2013Vincent, Warwick/0000-0001-9055-1938; Povoroznyuk, Olga/0000-0002-9359-0729; Arp, Christopher/0000-0002-6485-6225; Forbes, Bruce/0000-0002-4593-5083ArcticNet; International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); Austrian Science Fund FWF [P 27625]; European Research Council [885646]; European Union [773421]; US National Science Foundation [174809]; Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program [1928237]; NNA program [2022599]; Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability program (ArcSEES) [1263854]; European Commission Research and Innovation Action [869471]; National Science Foundation [0531200]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG6GE00A, NNX09AK56G]; Canada Research Chair program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet; Canada First Excellence Research Fund Sentinel North; Academy of Finland [208147]; Academy of Finland (AKA) [208147] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)ArcticNet; International Arctic Science Committee (IASC); Austrian Science Fund FWF(Austrian Science Fund (FWF)); European Research Council(European Research Council (ERC)European Commission); European Union(European Commission); US National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program; NNA program; Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability program (ArcSEES); European Commission Research and Innovation Action; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); National Aeronautics and Space Administration(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); Canada Research Chair program(Canada Research Chairs); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet; Canada First Excellence Research Fund Sentinel North; Academy of Finland(Academy of Finland); Academy of Finland (AKA)(Academy of FinlandFinnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES))This article is an outcome of collaboration within the RATIC Arctic Infrastructure Working Group of T-MOSAiC, and two special sessions on social and environmental effects of northern roads and railways co-organized by Olga Povoroznyuk, Warwick F. Vincent, and Fabrice Calmels at the Arctic Change online conference on 8 December 2020, and at the Arctic Science Summit Week online conference on 25 March 2021. We thank ArcticNet and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) for supporting the events that led to this publication, and the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Project Configurations of Remoteness: Entanglements of Humans and Transportation Infrastructure in the Region of BaikalAmur Mainline, P 27625 Einzelprojekte) for funding this publication project. We are also grateful to the other funding agencies that support our research in the Circumpolar North. These include the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Project Configurations of Remoteness: Entanglements of Humans and Transportation Infrastructure in the Region of BaikalAmur Mainline, P 27625 Einzelprojekte); the European Research Council (Project Building Arctic Futures: Transport Infrastructures and Sustainable Northern Communities, PROJECT-ID: 885646), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Project Nunataryuk, grant agreement No. 773421), the US National Science Foundation (Project Informal Roads: The Impact of Undocumented Transportation Pathways on Remote Communities of Siberia, Grant No. 174809); Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) program, Grant No. 1928237; NNA program, Grant No. 2022599; and Arctic Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability program (ArcSEES), Grant No 1263854); Academy of Finland Decision #208147; European Commission Research and Innovation Action n. 869471 (CHARTER); National Science Foundation (Grant 0531200); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grants NNG6GE00A and NNX09AK56G); the Canada Research Chair program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada First Excellence Research Fund Sentinel North and the Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet.28211<180 Day Usage Count>1111CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-0033http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2021-00332022-10-01 00:00:0034Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics5T2FMgold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0008756893000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northCircumpolarAllFreshwater environmentsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-0021
Sentinel responses of Arctic freshwater systems to climate: linkages, evidence, and a roadmap for future research
Review; Early AccessARCTIC SCIENCEClimate change; climate indicators; Arctic lakes; Arctic rivers; polar limnologyDISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM CHANGES; OLD CROW FLATS; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; MACKENZIE DELTA REGION; SOUTH-WEST GREENLAND; HIGH-LATITUDE LAKES; PERMAFROST THAW; ACTIVE LAYERSaros, JE; Arp, CD; Bouchard, F; Comte, J; Couture, RM; Dean, JF; Lafreniere, M; MacIntyre, S; McGowan, S; Rautio, M; Prater, C; Tank, SE; Walvoord, M; Wickland, KP; Antoniades, D; Ayala-Borda, P; Canario, J; Drake, TW; Folhas, D; Hazukova, V; Kivila, H; Klanten, Y; Lamoureux, S; Laurion, I; Pilla, RM; Vonk, JE; Zolkos, S; Vincent, WFSaros, Jasmine E.; Arp, Christopher D.; Bouchard, Frederic; Comte, Jerome; Couture, Raoul-Marie; Dean, Joshua F.; Lafreniere, Melissa; MacIntyre, Sally; McGowan, Suzanne; Rautio, Milla; Prater, Clay; Tank, Suzanne E.; Walvoord, Michelle; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Antoniades, Dermot; Ayala-Borda, Paola; Canario, Joao; Drake, Travis W.; Folhas, Diogo; Hazukova, Vaclava; Kivila, Henriikka; Klanten, Yohanna; Lamoureux, Scott; Laurion, Isabelle; Pilla, Rachel M.; Vonk, Jorien E.; Zolkos, Scott; Vincent, Warwick F.EnglishWhile the sentinel nature of freshwater systems is now well recognized, widespread integration of freshwater processes and patterns into our understanding of broader climate-driven Arctic terrestrial ecosystem change has been slow. We review the current understanding across Arctic freshwater systems of key sentinel responses to climate, which are attributes of these systems with demonstrated and sensitive responses to climate forcing. These include ice regimes, temperature and thermal structure, river baseflow, lake area and water level, permafrost-derived dissolved ions and nutrients, carbon mobilization (dissolved organic carbon, greenhouse gases, and radiocarbon), dissolved oxygen concentrations, lake trophic state, various aquatic organisms and their traits, and invasive species. For each sentinel, our objectives are to clarify linkages to climate, describe key insights already gained, and provide suggestions for future research based on current knowledge gaps. We suggest that tracking key responses in Arctic freshwater systems will expand understanding of the breadth and depth of climate-driven Arctic ecosystem changes, provide early indicators of looming, broader changes across the landscape, and improve protection of freshwater biodiversity and resources.[Saros, Jasmine E.; Hazukova, Vaclava] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA; [Arp, Christopher D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Bouchard, Frederic] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Geomat Appliquee, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Bouchard, Frederic] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada; [Bouchard, Frederic; Comte, Jerome; Couture, Raoul-Marie; Rautio, Milla; Antoniades, Dermot; Ayala-Borda, Paola; Folhas, Diogo; Kivila, Henriikka; Klanten, Yohanna; Laurion, Isabelle; Vincent, Warwick F.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud nord CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Bouchard, Frederic; Comte, Jerome; Rautio, Milla; Ayala-Borda, Paola; Kivila, Henriikka; Laurion, Isabelle] Univ Montreal, Grp Rech Interuniv limnol GRIL, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Comte, Jerome; Laurion, Isabelle] Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada; [Couture, Raoul-Marie; Folhas, Diogo] Univ Laval, Dept Chim, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Dean, Joshua F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England; [Lafreniere, Melissa; Lamoureux, Scott] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston K7L 3N6, ON, Canada; [MacIntyre, Sally] Univ Calif St Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Dept Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [McGowan, Suzanne] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Aquat Ecol, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, PQ, Netherlands; [Rautio, Milla; Ayala-Borda, Paola; Kivila, Henriikka; Lamoureux, Scott] Univ Quebec Chicoutimi, Dept Sci fondamentales, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada; [Prater, Clay] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA; [Prater, Clay] Loughborough Univ, Geog & Environm, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, England; [McGowan, Suzanne; Zolkos, Scott] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [Walvoord, Michelle] US Geol Survey, Earth Syst Proc Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA; [Wickland, Kimberly P.] US Geol Survey, Earth Syst Proc Div Boulder, Water Resources Mission Area, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; [Antoniades, Dermot; Klanten, Yohanna] Univ Laval, Dept Geog, Quebec City, PQ G1V0A6, Canada; [Canario, Joao; Folhas, Diogo] Univ Lisbon, Inst Mol Sci, Ctr Quim Estrutural, Ave Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal; [Canario, Joao; Folhas, Diogo] Univ Lisbon, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Ave Rovisco Pais 1, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal; [Drake, Travis W.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland; [Pilla, Rachel M.] Miami Univ, Dept Biol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA; [Vonk, Jorien E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, NetherlandsUniversity of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Sherbrooke; University of Sherbrooke; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); Laval University; University of Bristol; Queens University - Canada; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); University of Quebec; University of Quebec Chicoutimi; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; Loughborough University; University of Alberta; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Laval University; Universidade de Lisboa; Universidade de Lisboa; Instituto Superior Tecnico; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University System of Ohio; Miami University; Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamSaros, JE (corresponding author), Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.jasmine.saros@maine.eduCanadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet; CFREF program Sentinel North; Climate Change Institute at the University of MaineCanadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet; CFREF program Sentinel North; Climate Change Institute at the University of MaineWe thank two anonymous reviewers and Sommer Starr for comments that improved this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence ArcticNet and the CFREF program Sentinel North, as well as the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine.47400<180 Day Usage Count>00CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-0021http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/AS-2022-00212022-11-01 00:00:0037Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics9F0CFgold2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0009371439000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllBoreal forestNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2188
Climate-change refugia in boreal North America: what, where, and for how long?
ArticleFRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENTHYDROLOGIC REFUGIA; WESTERN CANADA; PICEA-MARIANA; FOREST; FIRE; PERMAFROST; GROWTH; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURES; DYNAMICSStralberg, D; Arseneault, D; Baltzer, JL; Barber, QE; Bayne, EM; Boulanger, Y; Brown, CD; Cooke, HA; Devito, K; Edwards, J; Estevo, CA; Flynn, N; Frelich, LE; Hogg, EH; Johnston, M; Logan, T; Matsuoka, SM; Moore, P; Morelli, TL; Morissette, JL; Nelson, EA; Nenzen, H; Nielsen, SE; Parisien, MA; Pedlar, JH; Price, DT; Schmiegelow, FK; Slattery, SM; Sonnentag, O; Thompson, DK; Whitman, EStralberg, Diana; Arseneault, Dominique; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Barber, Quinn E.; Bayne, Erin M.; Boulanger, Yan; Brown, Carissa D.; Cooke, Hilary A.; Devito, Kevin; Edwards, Jason; Estevo, Cesar A.; Flynn, Nadele; Frelich, Lee E.; Hogg, Edward H.; Johnston, Mark; Logan, Travis; Matsuoka, Steven M.; Moore, Paul; Morelli, Toni Lyn; Morissette, Julienne L.; Nelson, Elizabeth A.; Nenzen, Hedvig; Nielsen, Scott E.; Parisien, Marc-Andre; Pedlar, John H.; Price, David T.; Schmiegelow, Fiona Ka; Slattery, Stuart M.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Thompson, Daniel K.; Whitman, EllenEnglishThe vast boreal biome plays an important role in the global carbon cycle but is experiencing particularly rapid climate warming, threatening the integrity of valued ecosystems and their component species. We developed a framework and taxonomy to identify climate-change refugia potential in the North American boreal region, summarizing current knowledge regarding mechanisms, geographic distribution, and landscape indicators. While terrain-mediated refugia will mostly be limited to coastal and mountain regions, the ecological inertia (resistance to external fluctuations) contained in some boreal ecosystems may provide more extensive buffering against climate change, resulting in ecosystem-protected refugia. A notable example is boreal peatlands, which can retain high surface soil moisture and water tables even in the face of drought. Refugia from wildfire are also especially important in the boreal region, which is characterized by active disturbance regimes. Our framework will help identify areas of high refugia potential, and inform ecosystem management and conservation planning in light of climate change.[Stralberg, Diana; Flynn, Nadele; Nielsen, Scott E.; Schmiegelow, Fiona Ka; Whitman, Ellen] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Arseneault, Dominique] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Ctr Etud Nord, Dept Biol Chim & Geog, Rimouski, PQ, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Barber, Quinn E.; Edwards, Jason; Hogg, Edward H.; Morissette, Julienne L.; Nenzen, Hedvig; Parisien, Marc-Andre; Price, David T.; Thompson, Daniel K.; Whitman, Ellen] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Northern Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Bayne, Erin M.; Devito, Kevin; Estevo, Cesar A.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Boulanger, Yan] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Brown, Carissa D.] Mem Univ, Dept Geog, St John, NF, Canada; [Cooke, Hilary A.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Frelich, Lee E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN USA; [Johnston, Mark] Saskatchewan Res Council, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Logan, Travis] Ouranos Consortium Reg Climatol & Adaptat Climate, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Matsuoka, Steven M.] US Geol Survey USGS, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA; [Moore, Paul] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Morelli, Toni Lyn] USGS, Northeast Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA USA; [Nelson, Elizabeth A.] Pk Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Pedlar, John H.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada; [Schmiegelow, Fiona Ka] Yukon Res Ctr, Whitehorse, YT, Canada; [Slattery, Stuart M.] Ducks Unlimited Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Ctr Etud Nord, Montreal, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Memorial University Newfoundland; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Ouranos Consortium; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; McMaster University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Great Lakes Forestry Centre; Universite de Montreal; Universite de MontrealStralberg, D (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.stralber@ualberta.caStralberg, Diana/W-9267-2019Stralberg, Diana/0000-0003-4900-024X; Nenzen, Hedvig/0000-0002-0189-4283; Matsuoka, Steve/0000-0001-6415-1885; Frelich, Lee/0000-0002-9052-7070US Department of the Interior National, Northeast, and Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Centers; Wilburforce FoundationUS Department of the Interior National, Northeast, and Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Centers; Wilburforce FoundationPublication of this Special Issue was funded by the US Department of the Interior National, Northeast, and Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Centers. The content of this paper was developed in a two-day workshop (28 Feb to 1 Mar 2018) funded by the Wilburforce Foundation and hosted by the Canadian Forest Service Northern Forestry Centre in Edmonton, Canada. All coauthors prepared for and participated in the workshop, and contributed to the writing of the paper and/or development of figures and supplementary materials. We thank K Broadley and Fuse Consulting for graphic arts services, and J Littell (US Geological Survey), M Smith (Yukon Government), and D Reid (Wildlife Conservation Society Canada) for their input on earlier versions of this manuscript.745455<180 Day Usage Count>537WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA1540-92951540-9309FRONT ECOL ENVIRONFront. Ecol. Environ.JUN2020185SI261270
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2188http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.218810Ecology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyLS9DRhybrid2023-03-05WOS:0005366797000070 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaSahtu, North Slave, South SlaveIn the range of the Bathurst caribou herdNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeec1
Integrating snow science and wildlife ecology in Arctic-boreal North America
ArticleENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERSABoVE; Arctic boreal vulnerability experiment; caribou; Dall sheep; polar bear; remote sensing; snowSOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; WATER EQUIVALENT; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; LIDAR MEASUREMENT; CLIMATE; MODEL; DEPTH; MOUNTAIN; CARIBOU; COVERBoelman, NT; Liston, GE; Gurarie, E; Meddens, AJH; Mahoney, PJ; Kirchner, PB; Bohrer, G; Brinkman, TJ; Cosgrove, CL; Eitel, JUH; Hebblewhite, M; Kimball, JS; LaPoint, S; Nolin, AW; Pedersen, SH; Prugh, LR; Reinking, AK; Vierling, LABoelman, Natalie T.; Liston, Glen E.; Gurarie, Eliezer; Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Mahoney, Peter J.; Kirchner, Peter B.; Bohrer, Gil; Brinkman, Todd J.; Cosgrove, Chris L.; Eitel, Jan U. H.; Hebblewhite, Mark; Kimball, John S.; LaPoint, Scott; Nolin, Anne W.; Pedersen, Stine Hojlund; Prugh, Laura R.; Reinking, Adele K.; Vierling, Lee A.EnglishSnow covers Arctic and boreal regions (ABRs) for approximately 9 months of the year, thus snowscapes dominate the form and function of tundra and boreal ecosystems. In recent decades, Arctic warming has changed the snowcover's spatial extent and distribution, as well as its seasonal timing and duration, while also altering the physical characteristics of the snowpack. Understanding the little studied effects of changing snowscapes on its wildlife communities is critical. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the urgent need for, and suggest an approach for developing, an improved suite of temporally evolving, spatially distributed snow products to help understand how dynamics in snowscape properties impact wildlife, with a specific focus on Alaska and northwestern Canada. Via consideration of existing knowledge of wildlife-snow interactions, currently available snow products for focus region, and results of three case studies, we conclude that improving snow science in the ABR will be best achieved by focusing efforts on developing data-model fusion approaches to produce fitfor-purpose snow products that include, but are not limited to, wildlife ecology. The relative wealth of coordinated in situ measurements, airborne and satellite remote sensing data, and modeling tools being collected and developed as part of NASA's Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment and SnowEx campaigns, for example, provide a data rich environment for developing and testing new remote sensing algorithms and retrievals of snowscape properties.[Boelman, Natalie T.; LaPoint, Scott] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; [Liston, Glen E.; Pedersen, Stine Hojlund; Reinking, Adele K.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Gurarie, Eliezer; Mahoney, Peter J.; Prugh, Laura R.] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Eitel, Jan U. H.; Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Nat Resources & Soc, Moscow, ID 83844 USA; [Kirchner, Peter B.] Natl Pk Serv, Southwest Alaska Network, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA; [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; [Brinkman, Todd J.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Cosgrove, Chris L.; Nolin, Anne W.] Oregon State, Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; [Hebblewhite, Mark] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, WA Franke Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [LaPoint, Scott] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany; [Pedersen, Stine Hojlund] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USAColumbia University; Colorado State University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Idaho; University of Idaho; United States Department of the Interior; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Montana System; University of Montana; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Max Planck Society; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska AnchorageBoelman, NT (corresponding author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.nboelman@ldeo.columbia.eduHebblewhite, Mark/AAI-8101-2020; hebblewhite, mark/G-6164-2013; Kimball, John S/B-9234-2011; Bohrer, Gil/A-9731-2008; Gurarie, Eliezer/AGI-0958-2022; Kirchner, Peter/F-8009-2018Hebblewhite, Mark/0000-0001-5382-1361; Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540; Gurarie, Eliezer/0000-0002-8666-9674; Reinking, Adele/0000-0002-9082-4315; Boelman, Natalie/0000-0003-3716-2372; Kirchner, Peter/0000-0001-9770-5530; LaPoint, Scott/0000-0002-5499-6777NASA ABoVE grants [NNX15AT72A, NNX15AT74A, NNX15AT89A, NNX15AT91A, NNX15AU13A, NNX15AU20A, NNX15AU21A, NNX15AV92A, NNX15AW71A]; NASA [80NSSC18K0571]; NSF [1603777, 1556248, 1564380, 1602898]; NASA [NNX15AU13A, 796799, NNX15AT74A, 797567, NNX15AU21A, 797697, NNX15AT72A, 797160, NNX15AU20A, 802245, NNX15AT89A, 800671, NNX15AT91A, 796746] Funding Source: Federal RePORTERNASA ABoVE grants; NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)); NSF(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA(National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA))We thank Bruno Croft, Jan Adamczewski, Allicia Kelly, Buck Mangipane (NPS Dall sheep dataset) and Adam Wells for sharing data on animalmovement. This study benefited from funding from several NASA ABoVE grants (NNX15AT72A, NNX15AT74A, NNX15AT89A, NNX15AT91A, NNX15AU13A, NNX15AU20A, NNX15AU21A, NNX15AV92A, NNX15AW71A), one other NASA grant (80NSSC18K0571), as well as several NSF grants (1603777, 1556248, 1564380, 1602898).1334142<180 Day Usage Count>828IOP PUBLISHING LTDBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.JAN2019141
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeec1http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaeec117Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesHU4HXGreen Published, gold2023-03-09WOS:0004652362000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0035
Oceans and human health-navigating changes on Canada's coasts
ArticleFACETSoceans; coastal; oceans and human health; environmental health; coastal communitiesECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEDICAL-EDUCATION; UNITED-STATES; FOOD; IMPACTS; INUIT; FISHERIES; SCIENCE; EQUITYKenny, TA; Archambault, P; Ayotte, P; Batal, M; Chan, HM; Cheung, W; Eddy, TD; Little, M; Ota, Y; Petrin-Desrosiers, C; Plante, S; Poitras, J; Polanco, F; Singh, G; Lemire, MKenny, Tiff-Annie; Archambault, Philippe; Ayotte, Pierre; Batal, Malek; Chan, Hing Man; Cheung, William; Eddy, Tyler D.; Little, Matthew; Ota, Yoshitaka; Petrin-Desrosiers, Claudel; Plante, Steve; Poitras, Julien; Polanco, Fernando; Singh, Gerald; Lemire, MelanieEnglishOcean conditions can affect human health in a variety of ways that are often overlooked and unappreciated. Oceans adjacent to Canada are affected by many anthropogenic stressors, with implications for human health and well-being. Climate change further escalates these pressures and can expose coastal populations to unique health hazards and distressing conditions. However, current research efforts, education or training curriculums, and policies in Canada critically lack explicit consideration of these ocean-public health linkages. The objective of this paper is to present multiple disciplinary perspectives from academics and health practitioners to inform the development of future directions for research, capacity development, and policy and practice at the interface of oceans and human health in Canada. We synthesize major ocean and human health linkages in Canada, and identify climate-sensitive drivers of change, drawing attention to unique considerations in Canada. To support effective, sustained, and equitable collaborations at the nexus of oceans and human health, we recommend the need for progress in three critical areas: (i) holistic worldviews and perspectives, (ii) capacity development, and (iii) structural supports. Canada can play a key role in supporting the global community in addressing the health challenges of climate and ocean changes.[Kenny, Tiff-Annie; Lemire, Melanie] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Kenny, Tiff-Annie; Ayotte, Pierre; Lemire, Melanie] Univ Laval, Ctr Rech, Axe Sante Populat & Prat Optimales Sante, CHU Quebec, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4L8, Canada; [Archambault, Philippe] Univ Laval, Fac Sci & Genie, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Archambault, Philippe] Univ Laval, ArcticNet, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Batal, Malek] Univ Montreal, Fac Med, Dept Nutr, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Batal, Malek] Ctr Rech Sante Publ CReSP, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Chan, Hing Man] Univ Ottawa, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Cheung, William] Univ British Columbia, Inst Oceans & Fisheries IOF, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [Eddy, Tyler D.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Fisheries Ecosyst Res, Fisheries & Marine Inst, St John, NF A1C 5R3, Canada; [Little, Matthew] Univ Victoria, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Policy, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; [Ota, Yoshitaka] Univ Washington, Nippon Fdn Ocean Nexus Ctr, EarthLab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Ota, Yoshitaka] Univ Washington, Sch Marine & Environm Affairs SMEA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; [Petrin-Desrosiers, Claudel] Univ Montreal, Fac Med, Dept Med Familiale & Med Durgence, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada; [Petrin-Desrosiers, Claudel] Canadian Assoc Phys Environm ACME CAPE, Assoc Canadienne Medecins Environm, Toronto, ON M5T 2C2, Canada; [Plante, Steve] Univ Quebec Rimouski, Dept Soc Terr & Dev, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada; [Poitras, Julien] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Med Familiale & Med Urgence, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Polanco, Fernando] St Georges Univ, Sch Med, St Georges, Grenada; [Singh, Gerald] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada; [Lemire, Melanie] Univ Laval, Inst Biol Integrat & Syst IBIS, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, CanadaLaval University; Laval University; Laval University; Laval University; Universite de Montreal; University of Ottawa; University of British Columbia; Memorial University Newfoundland; University of Victoria; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Universite de Montreal; University of Quebec; Universite du Quebec a Rimouski; Laval University; Memorial University Newfoundland; Laval UniversityKenny, TA (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Fac Med, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.;Kenny, TA (corresponding author), Univ Laval, Ctr Rech, Axe Sante Populat & Prat Optimales Sante, CHU Quebec, Quebec City, PQ G1S 4L8, Canada.Tiffannie.Kenny.1@ulaval.caEddy, Tyler/ABE-7092-2021; Lemire, Melanie/G-4186-2016Eddy, Tyler/0000-0002-2833-9407; Lemire, Melanie/0000-0003-3334-1349; Kenny, Tiff-Annie/0000-0001-9688-6149; Chan, Laurie/0000-0003-4351-7483; Archambault, Philippe/0000-0001-5986-6149CIHR Banting Fellowship; ArcticNet; Canada Research Chair; NSERC; SSHRC (OceanCanada Partnership); Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Centre at the University of Washington Earthlab; Ocean Frontier Institute through an Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Sante (FRQS); Sentinel North (Apogee Canada); Northern Contaminant Program of the Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC); Sentinel North program of Universite Laval - Canada First Research Excellence FundCIHR Banting Fellowship(Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)); ArcticNet; Canada Research Chair(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServiceCanada Research Chairs); NSERC(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); SSHRC (OceanCanada Partnership); Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Centre at the University of Washington Earthlab; Ocean Frontier Institute through an Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Fonds de recherche du Quebec Sante (FRQS); Sentinel North (Apogee Canada); Northern Contaminant Program of the Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC); Sentinel North program of Universite Laval - Canada First Research Excellence FundThe authors wish to recognize and extend their appreciation to the two anonymous reviewers whose feedback greatly served to improve the manuscript. TK is supported by a CIHR Banting Fellowship. PA acknowledges ArcticNet for its support. HMC is supported by a Canada Research Chair. WLC acknowledges funding support from NSERC (Discovery Grant) and SSHRC (through OceanCanada Partnership). YO and GS acknowledge support from the Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Centre at the University of Washington Earthlab. GS also acknowledges support from the Ocean Frontier Institute through an award from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund. ML is supported by a Junior 2 salary fellowship from the Fonds de recherche du Quebec Sante (FRQS) and is titular of the Littoral Research Chair The Sentinel North partnership Research Chair in Ecosystem Approaches to Health, primarily funded by Sentinel North (Apogee Canada) and the Northern Contaminant Program of the Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC). This research was supported by the Sentinel North program of Universite Laval, made possible, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund.17811<180 Day Usage Count>221CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2371-1671FACETSFacetsDEC 222020510371070
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0035http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-003534Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Science & Technology - Other TopicsPK6OLgold2023-03-22 00:00:00WOS:0006025616000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort Delta, South SlaveMackenzie Delta uplands, South Slave Taiga PlainsNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0022
Paleolimnology of thermokarst lakes: a window into permafrost landscape evolution
ArticleARCTIC SCIENCEthermokarst lakes; permafrost; paleolimnology; lake sedimentsMACKENZIE DELTA REGION; OLD CROW FLATS; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; HUDSON-BAY LOWLANDS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; NORTHERN QUEBEC; ORGANIC-MATTER; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; SEWARD PENINSULABouchard, F; MacDonald, LA; Turner, KW; Thienpont, JR; Medeiros, AS; Biskaborn, BK; Korosi, J; Hall, RI; Pienitz, R; Wolfe, BBBouchard, Frederic; MacDonald, Lauren A.; Turner, Kevin W.; Thienpont, Joshua R.; Medeiros, Andrew S.; Biskaborn, Boris K.; Korosi, Jennifer; Hall, Roland I.; Pienitz, Reinhard; Wolfe, Brent B.EnglishWidespread across northern permafrost landscapes, thermokarst ponds and lakes provide vital wildlife habitat and play a key role in biogeochemical processes. Stored in the sediments of these typically shallow and dynamic waterbodies are rich sources of paleoenvironmental information whose potential has not yet been fully exploited, likely because of concerns over stratigraphic preservation and challenges to develop reliable sediment core chronologies. Here, we present an overview of recently derived informative paleolimnological reconstructions based on multiparameter analysis of sediment archives from permafrost aquatic basins. We include examples from across the Canadian North, Alaska, and Siberia that illustrate their value for providing insights into temporal patterns of lake inception, catchment erosion, aquatic productivity, hydrological evolution, and landscape disturbances. Although not captured in our survey, emerging research directions focused on carbon accumulation, storage, and balance hold much promise for contributing to global climate change science.[Bouchard, Frederic; Pienitz, Reinhard] Univ Laval, CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada; [Bouchard, Frederic] INRS, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada; [MacDonald, Lauren A.; Hall, Roland I.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Turner, Kevin W.] Brock Univ, Dept Geog & Tourism Studies, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Thienpont, Joshua R.; Korosi, Jennifer] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; [Medeiros, Andrew S.] York Univ, Robarts Ctr Canadian Studies, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Biskaborn, Boris K.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res AWI, Alfred Wegener Inst, Dept Periglacial Res, Potsdam, Germany; [Korosi, Jennifer] York Univ, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; [Wolfe, Brent B.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, CanadaLaval University; University of Quebec; Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS); University of Waterloo; Brock University; University of Ottawa; York University - Canada; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; York University - Canada; Wilfrid Laurier UniversityBouchard, F (corresponding author), Univ Laval, CEN, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada.;Bouchard, F (corresponding author), INRS, Ctr Eau Terre Environm, Quebec City, PQ G1K 9A9, Canada.frederic.bouchard@cen.ulaval.caHall, Roland I/K-3165-2019; Medeiros, Andrew S./I-1947-2019; Biskaborn, Boris K./D-2419-2011; Hall, Roland/AAO-2164-2020Medeiros, Andrew S./0000-0002-7743-2560; Biskaborn, Boris K./0000-0003-2378-0348; Hall, Roland/0000-0002-0314-6449; Bouchard, Frederic/0000-0001-9687-33561344546<180 Day Usage Count>1041CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA2368-7460ARCT SCIArct. Sci.JUN201732SI91117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-0022http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2016-002227Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other TopicsFN9YKgold, Green Accepted, Green Submitted2023-03-20 00:00:00WOS:0004163988000040 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllMackenzie ValleyNGovernment - federalYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0862-5
Permafrost thaw and northern development
LetterNATURE CLIMATE CHANGEO'Neill, HB; Burn, CR; Allard, M; Arenson, LU; Bunn, MI; Connon, RF; Kokelj, SA; Kokelj, SV; LeBlanc, AM; Morse, PD; Smith, SLO'Neill, H. B.; Burn, C. R.; Allard, M.; Arenson, L. U.; Bunn, M. I.; Connon, R. F.; Kokelj, S. A.; Kokelj, S. V.; LeBlanc, A. -M.; Morse, P. D.; Smith, S. L.English[O'Neill, H. B.; Burn, C. R.; Bunn, M. I.; LeBlanc, A. -M.; Morse, P. D.; Smith, S. L.] Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Burn, C. R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Allard, M.] Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord CEN, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Arenson, L. U.] BGC Engn Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Connon, R. F.; Kokelj, S. A.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Kokelj, S. V.] Northwest Terr Geol Survey, Yellowknife, NT, CanadaNatural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; Carleton University; Laval University; BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC)O'Neill, HB (corresponding author), Nat Resources Canada, Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.hughbrendan.oneill@canada.caArenson, Lukas/Y-2187-2019Arenson, Lukas/0000-0001-7172-6683; Burn, Christopher/0000-0002-8372-2927151011<180 Day Usage Count>422NATURE PUBLISHING GROUPLONDONMACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND1758-678X1758-6798NAT CLIM CHANGENat. Clim. Chang.AUG2020108722+
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0862-5http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0862-52020-07-01 00:00:003Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesMT2IN2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0005537186000030 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaBeaufort coastlineNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0027
Climate change and Canada's north coast: research trends, progress, and future directions
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWSclimate change; Canada; north coast; adaptation; impacts; vulnerability; ArcticTRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE; SEA-ICE; CHANGE ADAPTATION; INUIT VULNERABILITY; BEAUFORT SEA; COMMUNITY; NUNAVUT; HEALTH; NUNATSIAVUT; WEATHERFord, JD; Couture, N; Bell, T; Clark, DGFord, James D.; Couture, Nicole; Bell, Trevor; Clark, Dylan G.EnglishThis paper identifies and characterizes current knowledge on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability for Canada's northern coastline, outlining key research gaps. Warming temperatures and increased precipitation have been documented across the northern coast, with the rate of sea ice decline ranging from 2.9% to 10.4% per decade. Storm intensity and frequency is increasing, and permafrost is warming across the region. Many of these changes are projected to accelerate in the future, with in excess of 8 degrees C warming in winter possible under a high-emission scenario by 2081-2100. Vulnerability to these changes differs by region and community, a function of geographic location, nature of climate change impacts, and human factors. Capacity to manage climate change is high in some sectors, such as subsistence harvesting, but is being undermined by long-term societal changes. In other sectors, such as infrastructure and transportation, limitations in climate risk management capacity result in continuing high vulnerabilities. There is evidence that adaptation is taking place in response to experienced and projected impacts, although readiness for adaptation is challenged by limited resources, institutional capacity, and a need for support for adaptation across levels of government. Priority areas for future research include (i) expanding the sectoral and geographic focus of understanding on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability; (ii) integrating climatic and socio-economic projections into vulnerability and adaptation assessments; (iii) developing an evidence base on adaptation options; and (iv) monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of adaptation support. Cross-cutting themes for advancing climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability research on the north coast more broadly include the need for greater emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches and cross-cultural collaborations, support for decision-orientated research, and focus on effective knowledge mobilization.[Ford, James D.] Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England; [Ford, James D.; Clark, Dylan G.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada; [Couture, Nicole] Nat Resources Canada, Cryosphere Geosci Sect, 601 Booth St,1st Floor,Room 191, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada; [Bell, Trevor] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Geog, St John, NF A1B 3X9, CanadaUniversity of Leeds; McGill University; Natural Resources Canada; Memorial University NewfoundlandFord, JD (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Priestley Int Ctr Climate, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.;Ford, JD (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, PQ H3A 0B9, Canada.j.ford2@leeds.ac.ukFord, James/A-4284-2013Ford, James/0000-0002-2066-3456; Clark, Dylan/0000-0002-3676-61501703434<180 Day Usage Count>282CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA1208-60531181-8700ENVIRON REVEnviron. Rev.MAR20182618292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0027http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-002711Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Environmental Sciences & EcologyFX5PEGreen Accepted2023-03-21 00:00:00WOS:0004261313000070 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllArctic and boreal zonesNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d7
Disturbances in North American boreal forest and Arctic tundra: impacts, interactions, and responses
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERShigh-latitude; vegetation; boreal forest; Arctic tundra; climate change; disturbance; permafrostMOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; WINTER WARMING EVENTS; ON-SNOW EVENTS; ENGELMANN SPRUCE MORTALITY; THERMOKARST LAKE DRAINAGE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ICE-WEDGE DEGRADATION; CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE; FROZEN DEBRIS LOBE; OLD CROW FLATSFoster, AC; Wang, JA; Frost, GV; Davidson, SJ; Hoy, E; Turner, KW; Sonnentag, O; Epstein, H; Berner, LT; Armstrong, AH; Kang, M; Rogers, BM; Campbell, E; Miner, KR; Orndahl, KM; Bourgeau-Chavez, LL; Lutz, DA; French, N; Chen, D; Du, JY; Shestakova, TA; Shuman, JK; Tape, K; Virkkala, AM; Potter, C; Goetz, SFoster, Adrianna C.; Wang, Jonathan A.; Frost, Gerald, V; Davidson, Scott J.; Hoy, Elizabeth; Turner, Kevin W.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Epstein, Howard; Berner, Logan T.; Armstrong, Amanda H.; Kang, Mary; Rogers, Brendan M.; Campbell, Elizabeth; Miner, Kimberley R.; Orndahl, Kathleen M.; Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; Lutz, David A.; French, Nancy; Chen, Dong; Du, Jinyang; Shestakova, Tatiana A.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.; Tape, Ken; Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Potter, Christopher; Goetz, ScottEnglishEcosystems in the North American Arctic-Boreal Zone (ABZ) experience a diverse set of disturbances associated with wildfire, permafrost dynamics, geomorphic processes, insect outbreaks and pathogens, extreme weather events, and human activity. Climate warming in the ABZ is occurring at over twice the rate of the global average, and as a result the extent, frequency, and severity of these disturbances are increasing rapidly. Disturbances in the ABZ span a wide gradient of spatiotemporal scales and have varying impacts on ecosystem properties and function. However, many ABZ disturbances are relatively understudied and have different sensitivities to climate and trajectories of recovery, resulting in considerable uncertainty in the impacts of climate warming and human land use on ABZ vegetation dynamics and in the interactions between disturbance types. Here we review the current knowledge of ABZ disturbances and their precursors, ecosystem impacts, temporal frequencies, spatial extents, and severity. We also summarize current knowledge of interactions and feedbacks among ABZ disturbances and characterize typical trajectories of vegetation loss and recovery in response to ecosystem disturbance using satellite time-series. We conclude with a summary of critical data and knowledge gaps and identify priorities for future study.[Foster, Adrianna C.; Shuman, Jacquelyn K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; [Wang, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA; [Frost, Gerald, V] Alaska Biol Res Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA; [Davidson, Scott J.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England; [Hoy, Elizabeth; Armstrong, Amanda H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; [Hoy, Elizabeth] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA; [Turner, Kevin W.] Brock Univ, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; [Sonnentag, Oliver] Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H2V 0B3, Canada; [Epstein, Howard] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; [Berner, Logan T.; Orndahl, Kathleen M.; Goetz, Scott] No Arizona Univ, Sch Informat Comp & Cyber Syst, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; [Armstrong, Amanda H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA; [Kang, Mary] McGill Univ, Civil Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada; [Rogers, Brendan M.; Shestakova, Tatiana A.; Virkkala, Anna-Maria] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA; [Campbell, Elizabeth] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada; [Miner, Kimberley R.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; [Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura L.; French, Nancy] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA; [Lutz, David A.] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; [Chen, Dong] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA; [Du, Jinyang] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; [Shestakova, Tatiana A.] Univ Lleida, Agrotecnio Ctr, Dept Crop & Forest Sci, Lleida 25198, Spain; [Tape, Ken] Univ Alaska, Geophys Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; [Potter, Christopher] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USANational Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Plymouth; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); Brock University; Universite de Montreal; University of Virginia; Northern Arizona University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County; McGill University; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Michigan Technological University; Dartmouth College; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Montana System; University of Montana; Universitat de Lleida; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Ames Research CenterFoster, AC (corresponding author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.afoster@ucar.eduLutz, David/HMO-5504-2023Davidson, Scott J./0000-0001-8327-2121; Foster, Adrianna/0000-0002-7382-0013; Wang, Jonathan/0000-0003-2839-0699; Berner, Logan/0000-0001-8947-0479; Armstrong, Amanda/0000-0002-9123-8924; Frost, Gerald/0000-0002-5134-0334; Turner, Kevin/0000-0002-3183-6092; Lutz, David/0000-0001-8780-7576; Epstein, Howard/0000-0003-2817-4486; Miner, Kimberley/0000-0002-1006-1283National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation [1852977]; NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) [80NSSC19M0112]; NASA ABoVE Grant [NNH16CP09C, 80NSSC19M0111]; NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [4286-2016]; NSERC Northern Supplement Grant [4771552016]; NSF Office of Polar Programs Arctic System Science Grant [2116862]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant [1938054]; NASA Rapid Response Grant [NNX15AD58G]; NASA ABoVE Grants [NNX15AT83A, 80NSSC19M0107, 80NSSC19M0108]; Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments-Tropics - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [8414]National Center for Atmospheric Research; National Science Foundation(National Science Foundation (NSF)); NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE); NASA ABoVE Grant; NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); NSERC Northern Supplement Grant; NSF Office of Polar Programs Arctic System Science Grant; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant; NASA Rapid Response Grant; NASA ABoVE Grants; Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments-Tropics - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research(United States Department of Energy (DOE)); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation(Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation)This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. We thank the Government of Northwest Territories for providing disturbance polygon data. We thank Kelcy Kent for providing the drawing of ice wedge degradation in figure 10. The authors have confirmed that any identifiable participants in this study have given their consent for publication. A C F, B M R, and S G were supported by NASA Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Grant 80NSSC19M0112. G V F was supported by NASA ABoVE Grant NNH16CP09C. E H was supported by the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. K W T was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant 4286-2016 and NSERC Northern Supplement Grant 4771552016. H E and A H A were supported by NASA ABoVE Grant 80NSSC19M0111. L T B was supported by NSF Office of Polar Programs Arctic System Science Grant 2116862. K M O was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. 1938054. LLB-C was supported by NASA Rapid Response Grant NNX15AD58G and NASA ABoVE Grants NNX15AT83A and 80NSSC19M0107. D A L was supported by NASA ABoVE Grant 80NSSC19M0118. N F was supported by NASA ABoVE Grant 80NSSC19M0108. J K S was supported by the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments-Tropics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and NASA ABoVE Grant 80NSSC19M0107. A-M V was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant No. 8414).51600<180 Day Usage Count>2222IOP Publishing LtdBRISTOLTEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND1748-9326ENVIRON RES LETTEnviron. Res. Lett.NOV 120221711
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d7http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac98d748Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences5L5WWGreen Published, gold2023-03-05 00:00:00WOS:0008704847000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaBeaufort DeltaCommunities in the Inuvialuit Settlement RegionYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020002402
Drivers and health implications of the dietary transition among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic: a scoping review
ReviewPUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITIONNutrition transition; Indigenous health; Inuit health; Food security; Food environmentsN-3 FATTY-ACIDS; CHILD-CARE CENTERS; BODY-MASS INDEX; TRADITIONAL FOOD-CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION; NUNAVIK INUIT; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VITAMIN-DLittle, M; Hagar, H; Zivot, C; Dodd, W; Skinner, K; Kenny, TA; Caughey, A; Gaupholm, J; Lemire, MLittle, Matthew; Hagar, Hilary; Zivot, Chloe; Dodd, Warren; Skinner, Kelly; Kenny, Tiff-Annie; Caughey, Amy; Gaupholm, Josephine; Lemire, MelanieEnglishObjective: The current study undertook a systematic scoping review on the drivers and implications of dietary changes among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic. Design: A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database and High North Research Documents. Eligibility criteria included all full-text articles of any design reporting on research on food consumption, nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, dietary change, food security, nutrition-related chronic diseases or traditional food harvesting and consumption among Inuit populations residing in Canada. Articles reporting on in vivo and in vitro experiments or on health impacts of environmental contaminants were excluded. Results: A total of 162 studies were included. Studies indicated declining country food (CF) consumption in favour of market food (MF). Drivers of this transition include colonial processes, poverty and socio-economic factors, changing food preferences and knowledge, and climate change. Health implications of the dietary transition are complex. Micro-nutrient deficiencies and dietary inadequacy are serious concerns and likely exacerbated by increased consumption of non-nutrient dense MF. Food insecurity, overweight, obesity and related cardiometabolic health outcomes are growing public health concerns. Meanwhile, declining CF consumption is entangled with shifting culture and traditional knowledge, with potential implications for psychological, spiritual, social and cultural health and well-being. Conclusions: By exploring and synthesising published literature, this review provides insight into the complex factors influencing Inuit diet and health. Findings may be informative for future research, decision-making and intersectoral actions around risk assessment, food policy and innovative community programmes.[Little, Matthew; Hagar, Hilary; Zivot, Chloe; Caughey, Amy; Gaupholm, Josephine] Univ Guelph, Dept Populat Med, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Little, Matthew] Univ Victoria, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Policy, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Dodd, Warren; Skinner, Kelly] Univ Waterloo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Syst, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Kenny, Tiff-Annie; Lemire, Melanie] Univ Laval, Dept Med Sociale & Prevent, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; [Lemire, Melanie] Univ Laval, Axe Sante Populat & Prat Optimales Sante, Ctr Rech CHU Quebec, Quebec City, PQ, CanadaUniversity of Guelph; University of Victoria; University of Waterloo; Laval University; Laval UniversityLittle, M (corresponding author), Univ Guelph, Dept Populat Med, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON, Canada.;Little, M (corresponding author), Univ Victoria, Sch Publ Hlth & Social Policy, Victoria, BC, Canada.matthewlittle@uvic.ca; Lemire, Melanie/G-4186-2016Dodd, Warren/0000-0003-0774-7644; Little, Matthew/0000-0001-6644-2336; Lemire, Melanie/0000-0003-3334-1349; Kenny, Tiff-Annie/0000-0001-9688-6149Health CanadaHealth CanadaFinancial support was provided by Health Canada through a private contract (no grant number).2151010<180 Day Usage Count>28CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSCAMBRIDGEEDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND1368-98001475-2727PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRPublic Health Nutr.JUN202124926502668
PII S1368980020002402
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020002402http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S136898002000240219Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & DieteticsScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & DieteticsSG3FT329147432023-03-10 00:00:00WOS:0006533284000290 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllMackenzie Valley, Mackenzie River, Canadian arctic archipelagoNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.018
Effects of changing permafrost conditions on hydrological processes and fluvial fluxes
ReviewEARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWSPermafrost hydrology; Climate change; Active layer detachments; Dissolved organic matter; Hydrochemical fluxes; Particulate fluxesORGANIC-MATTER COMPOSITION; BOREAL CATCHMENT UNDERLAIN; ACTIVE LAYER DETACHMENTS; THAWING PERMAFROST; SLOPE DISTURBANCE; GROUND ICE; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; SEDIMENT YIELD; NITROGENLafreniere, MJ; Lamoureux, SFLafreniere, Melissa J.; Lamoureux, Scott F.EnglishThis paper reviews the impacts of permafrost change on hydrological and related hydrochemical, particulate and organic fluxes in small Arctic catchments. While the emphasis is directed at High Arctic systems, literature and recent developments from other Arctic regions are also included. Hydrological change, particularly a shift from nival (snowmelt) dominance to increasing pluvial (rainfall) runoff contributions has important consequences for the timing and magnitude of hydrological fluxes. A key distinction is made between thermal perturbation, where changing melt season thaw conditions result in deep thaw with minimal geomorphic or surface hydrological effects, in contrast to physical perturbation, where permafrost change results in some form of thermokarst or physical disturbance such as mass movement or enhanced erosion. The latter disturbances are commonly expressed as localized thermo erosional gullies, active layer detachments and retrogressive thaw slumps. Results from recent research emphasise the importance of hydrological connectivity in terms of the downstream effect of a particular permafrost perturbation. Well-connected systems, either at the surface as channelized flows, or in the subsurface, through new or altered active layer flow pathways, result in substantial changes in downstream fluvial fluxes. Surface hydrological connectivity of localized permafrost disturbances increases transport of suspended sediment and particulate organic matter, the latter of which is often old and comparatively labile. Exposed ice in retrogressive thaw slumps sustains discharge during the melt season, further increasing fluxes. Thermal perturbation holds a substantially greater potential downstream impact due to widespread mobilization of solutes and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, and several studies point to rapid microbial alteration of carbon and inorganic nitrogen transformation in the shallow subsurface. Collectively, these results point to altered runoff, sediment transport and hydrochemical fluxes with spatial and hydrological controls.[Lafreniere, Melissa J.; Lamoureux, Scott F.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaQueens University - CanadaLafreniere, MJ (corresponding author), Queens Univ, Dept Geog & Planning, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.melissa.lafreniere@queensu.ca; scott.lamoureux@queensu.ca1056060<180 Day Usage Count>17131ELSEVIER SCIENCE BVAMSTERDAMPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0012-82521872-6828EARTH-SCI REVEarth-Sci. Rev.APR2019191212223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.018http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.01812Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyHT7VD2023-03-13 00:00:00WOS:0004647716000110 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllPermafrost zones, floodplains, Mackenzie RiverNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.024
Floodplain dynamics in North American permafrost regions under a warming climate and implications for organic carbon stocks: A review and synthesis
ReviewEARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWSFLUVIAL THERMAL EROSION; RIVER-ICE HYDROLOGY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; WOODY DEBRIS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; GEOMORPHIC THRESHOLDS; ALASKA IMPLICATIONS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; INTERIOR ALASKALininger, KB; Wohl, ELininger, Katherine B.; Wohl, EllenEnglishAlthough there have been studies on changes to hydrology in permafrost regions and exports of nutrients and organic matter to the Arctic Ocean, little is known about how geomorphic dynamics of rivers in permafrost regions will change in the future under a warming climate and the effects of those changes on floodplains. We focus on river dynamics in the context of channel-floodplain interactions and the implications for organic carbon storage in floodplains. As sites of nutrient processing and storage of sediments and organic matter, changes in channel and floodplain form and process will impact sediment yields, nutrient and organic matter export to the Arctic Ocean, aquatic and riparian habitat, and infrastructure. We present a review of the factors influencing reach-scale river dynamics, using the framework of factors affecting erosive force and erosional resistance of banks and floodplain surfaces, which will change due to a warming climate. We summarize studies indicating how observed and modeled trends in these factors will affect erosive force and erosional resistance in the future. We then hypothesize the net effects that these changes will have on the ratio of erosive force to erosional resistance, and the cascading effects on channel and floodplain form and process. We describe two scenarios that could occur under different conditions in the form of conceptual models, one in which the ratio of erosive force and erosional resistance decreases, and one in which the ratio increases. An increase in the ratio of erosive force to erosional resistance due to a reduction in permafrost extent and depth and an overall increase in discharge would increase bank erosion, bank failures, sediment supply, and lateral channel migration rates, decreasing floodplain turnover time and the age of riparian vegetation. A decrease in the ratio of erosive force to erosional resistance due to a reduction in erosive force relative to sediment supply would cause enhanced deposition within the river corridor. Regardless of which scenario may occur, changes in channel process and form will influence the ratio of lateral to vertical accretion, change the nature and stored amount of floodplain sediment, and change the sources and storage of organic carbon within floodplains.[Lininger, Katherine B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Wohl, Ellen] Colorado State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USAUniversity of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Colorado State UniversityLininger, KB (corresponding author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.katherine.lininger@colorado.eduLininger, Katherine/GNM-6596-2022Lininger, Katherine/0000-0003-0378-9505National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1321845]; Geological Society of America; American Geophysical Union Hydrology Section; CSU Dept. of Geosciences and Warner College of Natural Resources; USFWS Yukon Flats NWR and Alaska Division of Refuges; National Geographic Society [9449-14]National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship(National Science Foundation (NSF)); Geological Society of America; American Geophysical Union Hydrology Section; CSU Dept. of Geosciences and Warner College of Natural Resources; USFWS Yukon Flats NWR and Alaska Division of Refuges; National Geographic Society(National Geographic Society)This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1321845, the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union Hydrology Section, the CSU Dept. of Geosciences and Warner College of Natural Resources, the USFWS Yukon Flats NWR and Alaska Division of Refuges, and the National Geographic Society Grant #9449-14. We thank Mike Church and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved an earlier draft of this paper. We appreciate inspirational input from R. Bobby in the development of this manuscript.2501920<180 Day Usage Count>550ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0012-82521872-6828EARTH-SCI REVEarth-Sci. Rev.JUN20191932444
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.024http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.02421Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)GeologyIC4MU2023-03-14 00:00:00WOS:0004709408000020 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllArctic and boreal zonesNNon-governmental organizationNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.627654
Implications of Zoonoses From Hunting and Use of Wildlife in North American Arctic and Boreal Biomes: Pandemic Potential, Monitoring, and Mitigation
ReviewFRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTHwildlife; hunting; zoonotic; pandemic; Arctic; boreal; Indigenous; One HealthRESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS; TRADITIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS; LAND-USE CHANGE; ST-PAUL ISLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; ZOONOTIC RISK; ERYSIPELOTHRIX-RHUSIOPATHIAE; RANGIFERINE BRUCELLOSISKeatts, LO; Robards, M; Olson, SH; Hueffer, K; Insley, SJ; Joly, DO; Kutz, S; Lee, DS; Chetkiewicz, CLB; Lair, S; Preston, ND; Pruvot, M; Ray, JC; Reid, D; Sleeman, JM; Stimmelmayr, R; Stephen, C; Walzer, CKeatts, Lucy O.; Robards, Martin; Olson, Sarah H.; Hueffer, Karsten; Insley, Stephen J.; Joly, Damien O.; Kutz, Susan; Lee, David S.; Chetkiewicz, Cheryl-Lesley B.; Lair, Stephane; Preston, Nicholas D.; Pruvot, Mathieu; Ray, Justina C.; Reid, Donald; Sleeman, Jonathan M.; Stimmelmayr, Raphaela; Stephen, Craig; Walzer, ChrisEnglishThe COVID-19 pandemic has re-focused attention on mechanisms that lead to zoonotic disease spillover and spread. Commercial wildlife trade, and associated markets, are recognized mechanisms for zoonotic disease emergence, resulting in a growing global conversation around reducing human disease risks from spillover associated with hunting, trade, and consumption of wild animals. These discussions are especially relevant to people who rely on harvesting wildlife to meet nutritional, and cultural needs, including those in Arctic and boreal regions. Global policies around wildlife use and trade can impact food sovereignty and security, especially of Indigenous Peoples. We reviewed known zoonotic pathogens and current risks of transmission from wildlife (including fish) to humans in North American Arctic and boreal biomes, and evaluated the epidemic and pandemic potential of these zoonoses. We discuss future concerns, and consider monitoring and mitigation measures in these changing socio-ecological systems. While multiple zoonotic pathogens circulate in these systems, risks to humans are mostly limited to individual illness or local community outbreaks. These regions are relatively remote, subject to very cold temperatures, have relatively low wildlife, domestic animal, and pathogen diversity, and in many cases low density, including of humans. Hence, favorable conditions for emergence of novel diseases or major amplification of a spillover event are currently not present. The greatest risk to northern communities from pathogens of pandemic potential is via introduction with humans visiting from other areas. However, Arctic and boreal ecosystems are undergoing rapid changes through climate warming, habitat encroachment, and development; all of which can change host and pathogen relationships, thereby affecting the probability of the emergence of new (and re-emergence of old) zoonoses. Indigenous leadership and engagement in disease monitoring, prevention and response, is vital from the outset, and would increase the success of such efforts, as well as ensure the protection of Indigenous rights as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Partnering with northern communities and including Indigenous Knowledge Systems would improve the timeliness, and likelihood, of detecting emerging zoonotic risks, and contextualize risk assessments to the unique human-wildlife relationships present in northern biomes.[Keatts, Lucy O.; Olson, Sarah H.; Pruvot, Mathieu; Walzer, Chris] Wildlife Conservat Soc Hlth Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA; [Robards, Martin] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Arctic Beringia Program, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Hueffer, Karsten] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Vet Med, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Hueffer, Karsten] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic & Northern Studies Program, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Insley, Stephen J.; Chetkiewicz, Cheryl-Lesley B.; Ray, Justina C.; Reid, Donald] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Insley, Stephen J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Joly, Damien O.] Nyati Hlth Consulting, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; [Kutz, Susan; Pruvot, Mathieu] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Dept Ecosyst & Publ Hlth, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Lee, David S.] Nunavut Tunngavik Inc, Dept Wildlife & Environm, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Lair, Stephane] Univ Montreal, Canadian Wildlife Hlth Cooperat, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Preston, Nicholas D.] Salmon Coast Field Stn, Echo Bay, BC, Canada; [Sleeman, Jonathan M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA; [Stimmelmayr, Raphaela] North Slope Dept Wildlife Management, Utqiagvik, AK USA; [Stimmelmayr, Raphaela] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Stephen, Craig] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Stephen, Craig] Ross Univ, Sch Vet Med, Basseterre, St Kitts & Nevi; [Walzer, Chris] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, Dept Interdisciplinary Life Sci, Conservat Med Unit, Vienna, AustriaWildlife Conservation Society; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Victoria; University of Calgary; Universite de Montreal; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of British Columbia; University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaKeatts, LO (corresponding author), Wildlife Conservat Soc Hlth Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.lkeatts@wcs.orgStephen, Craig/HNJ-6213-2023kutz, susan/0000-0003-2352-86873531212<180 Day Usage Count>016FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-2565FRONT PUBLIC HEALTHFront. Public HealthMAY 520219
627654
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.627654http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.62765427Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthSE0HS34026707gold2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0006517563000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNorthern CanadaAllWithin the ranges of various caribou herdsNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13637
Science to inform policy: Linking population dynamics to habitat for a threatened species in Canada
ReviewJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGYboreal forest; critical habitat; fire; human disturbances; landscape change scenarios; population dynamics; recovery of species at risk; woodland caribouBOREAL WOODLAND CARIBOU; LINEAR FEATURES; PREDATION RISK; CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; TELEMETRY; SURVIVAL; CONSERVATION; RECRUITMENT; RESPONSESJohnson, CA; Sutherland, GD; Neave, E; Leblond, M; Kirby, P; Superbie, C; McLoughlin, PDJohnson, Cheryl A.; Sutherland, Glenn D.; Neave, Erin; Leblond, Mathieu; Kirby, Patrick; Superbie, Clara; McLoughlin, Philip D.EnglishBoreal forests provide numerous ecological services, including the ability to store large amounts of carbon, and are of significance to global biodiversity. Increases in industrial activities in boreal landscapes since the mid-20th century have added to concerns over biodiversity loss and climate change. Boreal forests are home to dwindling populations of boreal caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada, a species at risk that requires large, undisturbed landscapes for persistence. In 2012, the Canadian government defined critical habitat for boreal caribou by relating calf recruitment to disturbances. Some have questioned whether the recruitment relationship can be extrapolated beyond the environmental conditions represented in the analysis. We examined the effects of human disturbances and fire (alone and in combination) on variation in recruitment and adult female survival using data from 58 study areas in Canada. Top models were used in aspatial scenarios of landscape change to evaluate the efficacy of the critical habitat definition in achieving the recovery objectives for boreal caribou in two contrasting landscapes: Little Smoky, dominated by high levels of human disturbances, and the northern boreal shield of Saskatchewan (SK1), dominated by fire. The top recruitment model suggested the negative effect of fire was three to four times smaller than human disturbances. The top adult female survival model included human disturbances only. These results re-affirm that human disturbances are the primary factor contributing to boreal caribou declines. Our aspatial scenarios suggested that undisturbed habitat would have to increase to >= 68% for Little Smoky to maintain a self-sustaining population of boreal caribou with some degree of certainty. In contrast, the SK1 population was self-sustaining with 40% undisturbed habitat when fire disturbance predominates, but could become vulnerable with increases in human disturbances (8%-9%). Policy implications. Boreal caribou are listed as threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Our results suggest that the 65% undisturbed critical habitat designation in Canada's boreal caribou Recovery Strategy may serve as a reasonable proxy for achieving self-sustaining populations of boreal caribou in landscapes dominated by human disturbances. However, some populations may be less or more vulnerable, as illustrated by the scenarios in a landscape dominated by fire (SK1). Continued population monitoring will be essential to assessing the effectiveness of land management strategies developed for boreal caribou recovery, especially with climate change.[Johnson, Cheryl A.; Neave, Erin; Leblond, Mathieu; Kirby, Patrick] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Sutherland, Glenn D.] Wildlife Infometr Inc, Mackenzie, BC, Canada; [Superbie, Clara; McLoughlin, Philip D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; University of SaskatchewanJohnson, CA (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada.cheryl-ann.johnson@canada.caLeblond, Mathieu/J-9646-2019Leblond, Mathieu/0000-0002-2833-6265; Superbie, Clara/0000-0002-1803-9873583333<180 Day Usage Count>332WILEYHOBOKEN111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA0021-89011365-2664J APPL ECOLJ. Appl. Ecol.JUL202057713141327
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13637http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.136372020-04-01 00:00:0014Biodiversity Conservation; EcologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & EcologyME5TDhybrid2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0005298135000010 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNWTAll - unspecifiedDene communitiesYAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.678545
Patient-Planetary Health Co-benefit Prescribing: Emerging Considerations for Health Policy and Health Professional Practice
ArticleFRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTHplanetary health; co-benefits; health professionals; climate change; sustainable healthcare; prescribing practices; Indigenous knowledgesINDIGENOUS MEDICINE; SUSTAINABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; CARERedvers, NRedvers, NicoleEnglishIn addition to the importance of fostering and developing measures for better health-system resilience globally from the effects of climate change, there have been increasing calls for health professionals, as well as public health and medical education systems, to become partners in climate change mitigation efforts. Direct clinical practice considerations, however, have not been adequately fostered equitably across all regions with an often-confusing array of practice areas within planetary health and sustainable healthcare. This article calls for a more coordinated effort within clinical practice spaces given the urgency of global environmental change, while also taking lessons from Indigenous traditional knowledge systems-a viewpoint that is rarely heard from or prioritized in public health or medicine. Simpler and more coordinated messaging in efforts to improve patient and planetary health are needed. The creation of unifying terminology within planetary health-rooted clinical and public health practice has been proposed with the potential to bring forth dialogue between and within disciplinary offshoots and public health advocacy efforts, and within clinical and health-system policy spaces.[Redvers, Nicole] Univ North Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Family & Community Med, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA; [Redvers, Nicole] Univ Oxford, Nuffeld Dept Primary Care Hlth Sci, Oxford, EnglandUniversity of North Dakota Grand Forks; University of OxfordRedvers, N (corresponding author), Univ North Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Family & Community Med, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA.;Redvers, N (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Nuffeld Dept Primary Care Hlth Sci, Oxford, England.nicole.redvers@und.eduRedvers, Nicole/HCI-5707-2022; Redvers, Nicole/AAD-2109-2020Redvers, Nicole/0000-0001-8521-21305933<180 Day Usage Count>14FRONTIERS MEDIA SALAUSANNEAVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND2296-2565FRONT PUBLIC HEALTHFront. Public HealthAPR 3020219
678545
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.678545http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.6785457Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI)Public, Environmental & Occupational HealthSB5BJ33996734Green Accepted, gold2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006500092000010 YReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northNWTSahtu, Dehcho, North Slave, South SlaveDiscontinuous permafrost zones in the Taiga Plains and Taiga ShieldNAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104104
Thaw-induced impacts on land and water in discontinuous permafrost: A review of the Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield, northwestern Canada
ReviewEARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWSPermafrost; Peatlands; Hydrologic connectivity; Hydrology; Water quality; Landcover changePERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; WESTERN SIBERIAN RIVERS; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCOTTY CREEK; METHYLMERCURY BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROLOGICAL RESEARCH; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; BOREAL PEATLANDS; MACKENZIE DELTAWright, SN; Thompson, LM; Olefeldt, D; Connon, RF; Carpino, OA; Beel, CR; Quinton, WLWright, Stephanie N.; Thompson, Lauren M.; Olefeldt, David; Connon, Ryan F.; Carpino, Olivia A.; Beel, Casey R.; Quinton, William L.EnglishRising air temperatures, intensifying wildfire activity, and human disturbance are driving rapid permafrost thaw across the subarctic, particularly for thaw-sensitive discontinuous permafrost. The Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield ecozones of northwestern Canada have experienced rapid and widespread permafrost thaw over recent decades, creating significant community concerns and knowledge gaps. In direct response, this review: (1) outlines the observed thaw-induced changes in landcover, hydrology, and water quality; (2) discusses the underlying drivers and mechanisms of these changes; and (3) identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Taiga Plains and Shield (study region). In the Taiga Plains, permafrost is mainly associated with peatlands where its thaw increases the extent of thermokarst wetlands at the expense of treed peatlands underlain by permafrost. This thaw-induced landcover change enhances the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, which increases basin-scale runoff and annual streamflow, and enables wetland drainage such that permafrost-free treed wetlands develop. Thaw-induced landcover changes in the lake- and bedrock-dominated Taiga Shield are not well known but are expected to occur as limited or minor thermokarst pond development and changing lake extent due to the low (<5%) peatland coverage of this ecozone. Permafrost thaw also increases the connectivity between surface water and groundwater, leading to increasing winter baseflows and possibly icing (aufeis) development. Such increases in hydrologic connectivity can enhance the mobilization of parameters of concern for water quality, both in the Taiga Plains and Shield. The thawing of peatlands will likely increase the transport and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and metals bound to organic compounds, including methylmercury. Further work is needed to fully understand the biogeochemical processes operating in these systems and the degree to which thawing peatlands will impact water quality and quantity at the larger basin scale. The greatest knowledge gaps across the study region surround the evolution of thaw-activated groundwater flow systems and the consequences for wetland biogeochemistry, the rates and patterns of permafrost thaw, contaminant transport, and streamflow of larger river systems. This synthesis not only informs future research directions in the study region but extends to similar subarctic peatland and Shield environments common throughout the circumpolar north.[Wright, Stephanie N.; Carpino, Olivia A.; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Thompson, Lauren M.; Olefeldt, David] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Connon, Ryan F.] Govt Northwest Terr, Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada; [Beel, Casey R.] Ecofish Res Ltd, Terrace, BC, CanadaWilfrid Laurier University; University of AlbertaWright, SN (corresponding author), Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada.stwright@wlu.caWright, Stephanie N./0000-0001-6034-0718; Thompson, Lauren M./0000-0002-6455-4980Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of NWT; Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Alliance Grant [ALLRP 555925-20]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Doctoral Award [PGSD3-548134]; Weston Family Foundation; ArcticNetDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of NWT; Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Alliance Grant(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Doctoral Award(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)); Weston Family Foundation; ArcticNetWe acknowledge that the study region is on Treaties 5, 8, 10 and 11 territory, which spans the lands of Indigenous peoples and Nations including the Denendeh (Denesuline Nene), Dene Tha', Michif Piyii (Metis), Northwest Territory Metis Nation, Dehcho Dene, Acho Dene Koe, Akaitcho Dene, Katl'odeeche First Nation, Salt River First Nation, and Kaska Dena Kayeh, Sahtu Dene and Metis, Tlicho Nation, Dahlu T'ua, Tes-He-Olie Twe, Kisipakamak, and Athabascan Chipewyan First Nations. This article stems from a transboundary water management report funded by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of NWT and Alberta Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta. We would like to thank I. de Grandpre, S. Guha, and G. Bayegnak for their input and guidance on the report. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Alliance Grant [ALLRP 555925-20, 2020] and Doctoral Award [PGSD3-548134, 2020]. It was also supported by the Weston Family Foundation and ArcticNet.25333<180 Day Usage Count>2828ELSEVIERAMSTERDAMRADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS0012-82521872-6828EARTH-SCI REVEarth-Sci. Rev.SEP2022232
104104
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104104http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.1041042022-07-01 00:00:0022Geosciences, MultidisciplinaryScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology4Y7SW2023-03-09 00:00:00WOS:0008617247000030 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northPolar regionsAllAllNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab032
Nine Maxims for the Ecology of Cold-Climate Winters
ArticleBIOSCIENCEadaption; ecology; ice; frozen; snow; winterNORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; ICE; SNOW; LAKE; CONSEQUENCES; PHYTOPLANKTON; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSESStudd, EK; Bates, AE; Bramburger, AJ; Fernandes, T; Hayden, B; Henry, HAL; Humphries, MM; Martin, R; McMeans, BC; Moise, ERD; O'Sullivan, AM; Sharma, S; Sinclair, BJ; Sutton, AO; Templer, PH; Cooke, SJStudd, Emily K.; Bates, Amanda E.; Bramburger, Andrew J.; Fernandes, Timothy; Hayden, Brian; Henry, Hugh A. L.; Humphries, Murray M.; Martin, Rosemary; McMeans, Bailey C.; Moise, Eric R. D.; O'Sullivan, Antoin M.; Sharma, Sapna; Sinclair, Brent J.; Sutton, Alex O.; Templer, Pamela H.; Cooke, Steven J.EnglishFrozen winters define life at high latitudes and altitudes. However, recent, rapid changes in winter conditions have highlighted our relatively poor understanding of ecosystem function in winter relative to other seasons. Winter ecological processes can affect reproduction, growth, survival, and fitness, whereas processes that occur during other seasons, such as summer production, mediate how organisms fare in winter. As interest grows in winter ecology, there is a need to clearly provide a thought-provoking framework for defining winter and the pathways through which it affects organisms. In the present article, we present nine maxims (concise expressions of a fundamentally held principle or truth) for winter ecology, drawing from the perspectives of scientists with diverse expertise. We describe winter as being frozen, cold, dark, snowy, less productive, variable, and deadly. Therefore, the implications of winter impacts on wildlife are striking for resource managers and conservation practitioners. Our final, overarching maxim, winter is changing, is a call to action to address the need for immediate study of the ecological implications of rapidly changing winters.[Studd, Emily K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada; [Bates, Amanda E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada; [Bramburger, Andrew J.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Watershed Hydrol & Ecol Res Div, Water Sci & Technol Directorate, Burlington, ON, Canada; [Fernandes, Timothy; Martin, Rosemary; McMeans, Bailey C.] Univ Toronto Mississauga, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON, Canada; [Hayden, Brian; O'Sullivan, Antoin M.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Biol Dept, Fredericton, NB, Canada; [Henry, Hugh A. L.; Sinclair, Brent J.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON, Canada; [Humphries, Murray M.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada; [Moise, Eric R. D.] Nat Resources Canadas Canadian Forest Serv, Corner Brook, NF, Canada; [Sharma, Sapna] York Univ, Dept Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada; [Sutton, Alex O.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Templer, Pamela H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA; [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm & Interdisciplinary Sci, Ottawa, ON, CanadaUniversity of Alberta; Memorial University Newfoundland; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; University Toronto Mississauga; University of New Brunswick; Western University (University of Western Ontario); McGill University; York University - Canada; University of Guelph; Boston University; Carleton University; Carleton UniversityCooke, SJ (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada.;Cooke, SJ (corresponding author), Carleton Univ, Inst Environm & Interdisciplinary Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada.steven.cooke@carleton.caBrook, Hubbard/AAD-1112-2022; Cooke, Steven J/F-4193-2010; Bates, Amanda E./ABD-6874-2021Cooke, Steven J/0000-0002-5407-0659; Bates, Amanda E./0000-0002-0198-4537; Martin, Rosemary/0000-0003-1803-3639Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs Program; US National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research grants (NSF DEB) [1114804, 1637685]; Natural Resources CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR); Canada Research Chairs Program(Canada Research Chairs); US National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research grants (NSF DEB); Natural Resources Canada(Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest Service)Several researchers are supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Research Chairs Program. PHT was supported by US National Science Foundation Long Term Ecological Research grants (NSF DEB no. 1114804 and no. 1637685). ERDM is supported by funding from Natural Resources Canada. We are grateful to two referees for thoughtful input on the manuscript.1231414<180 Day Usage Count>732OXFORD UNIV PRESSOXFORDGREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND0006-35681525-3244BIOSCIENCEBioscienceAUG2021718820830
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab032http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab0322021-04-01 00:00:0011BiologyScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other TopicsUS6ET2023-03-16 00:00:00WOS:0006975208000070 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaSouth SlaveFort Smith, Fort ResolutionYAcademicYhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0644-4
Identifying transformational space for transdisciplinarity: using art to access the hidden third
ArticleSUSTAINABILITY SCIENCETransdisciplinarity; Transformation; Art; Boundary objects; Hidden third; RespectBOUNDARY OBJECTS; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; PUBLIC TRUST; SLAVE RIVER; SCIENCE; CLIMATE; WATER; CANADA; DELTA; COPRODUCTIONSteelman, TA; Andrews, E; Baines, S; Bharadwaj, L; Bjornson, ER; Bradford, L; Cardinal, K; Carriere, G; Fresque-Baxter, J; Jardine, TD; MacColl, I; Macmillan, S; Marten, J; Orosz, C; Reed, MG; Rose, I; Shmon, K; Shantz, S; Staples, K; Strickert, G; Voyageur, MSteelman, Toddi A.; Andrews, Evan; Baines, Sarah; Bharadwaj, Lalita; Bjornson, Emilie Rose; Bradford, Lori; Cardinal, Kendrick; Carriere, Gary; Fresque-Baxter, Jennifer; Jardine, Timothy D.; MacColl, Ingrid; Macmillan, Stuart; Marten, Jocelyn; Orosz, Carla; Reed, Maureen G.; Rose, Iain; Shmon, Karon; Shantz, Susan; Staples, Kiri; Strickert, Graham; Voyageur, MorganEnglishA challenge for transdisciplinary sustainability science is learning how to bridge diverse worldviews among collaborators in respectful ways. A temptation in transdisciplinary work is to focus on improving scientific practices rather than engage research partners in spaces that mutually respect how we learn from each other and set the stage for change. We used the concept of Nicolescu's Hidden Third to identify and operationalize this transformative space, because it focused on bridging objective and subjective worldviews through art. Between 2014 and 2017, we explored the engagement of indigenous peoples from three inland delta regions in Canada and asa team of interdisciplinary scholars and students who worked together to better understand long-term social-ecological change in those regions. In working together, we identified five characteristics associated with respectful, transformative transdisciplinary space. These included (1) establishing an unfiltered safe place where (2) subjective and objective experiences and (3) different world views could come together through (4) interactive and (5) multiple sensory experiences. On the whole, we were more effective in achieving characteristics 2-5bringing together the subjective and objective experiences, where different worldviews could come togetherthan in achieving characteristic 1creating a truly unfiltered and safe space for expression. The novelty of this work is in how we sought to change our own engagement practices to advance sustainability rather than improving scientific techniques. Recommendations for sustainability scientists working in similar contexts are provided.[Steelman, Toddi A.; Strickert, Graham] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 9 Circu Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA; [Andrews, Evan] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, Environm 2,200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Baines, Sarah] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Room 323,Kirk Hall,117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; [Bjornson, Emilie Rose] Deninu Kue First Nation, Box 204, Ft Resolution, NT XOE OMO, Australia; [Fresque-Baxter, Jennifer] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, 5102 50th Ave,POB 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada; [Bharadwaj, Lalita] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Publ Hlth, 104 Clin Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; [Bradford, Lori] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, 326 Kirk Hall,117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK 57N 5CB, Canada; [Cardinal, Kendrick] Metis Local 125,Box 547,105 Mcdonald St, Ft Chipewyan, AB T0P 1B0, Canada; [Carriere, Gary] 525 Crate Ave,POB 69, Cumberland House, SK SOE OSO, Canada; [Jardine, Timothy D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Toxicol Ctr, Room 215,44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; [MacColl, Ingrid] Charlebois Community Sch, Cumberland House, SK S0E 0S0, Canada; [Macmillan, Stuart] Wood Buffalo Natl Pk, Resource Conservat, 149 McDougal Rd, Ft Smith, NT X0E 0P0, Canada; [Marten, Jocelyn] Mikisew Cree First Nation, Ft Chipewyan, AB TOP 1BO, Canada; [Orosz, Carla] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Drama, John Michell Bldg,Room 189,118 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Reed, Maureen G.] Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, 335 Kirk Hall,117 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada; [Rose, Iain] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Drama, John Mitchell Bldg,Room 141,118 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; [Shmon, Karon] Gabriel Dumont Inst Native Studies & Appl Res, Publishing, 2-604 22nd St West, Saskatoon, SK S7M 5W1, Canada; [Shantz, Susan] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Art & Art Hist, 3 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A4, Canada; [Staples, Kiri] Univ Waterloo, Sch Environm Resources & Sustainabil, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; [Voyageur, Morgan] Box 366, Ft Chipewyan, AB T0P IB0, CanadaDuke University; University of Waterloo; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; University of WaterlooSteelman, TA (corresponding author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 9 Circu Dr, Durham, NC 27708 USA.toddi.steelman@duke.edu; e3andrew@uwaterloo.ca; sjb654@mail.usask.ca; Lalita.bharadwaj@usask.ca; ima@dkfn.ca; lori.bradford@usask.ca; Marten.cardinal@gmail.com; gcarriere@sasktel.net; jennifer_fresque-baxter@gov.nt.ca; ingridmaccoll@nlsd113.ca; stuart.macmillan@pc.gc.ca; carla.orosz@gmail.com; m.reed@usask.ca; ilrose21@hotmail.com; Karon.shmon@gdi.gdins; Susan.shantz@usask.ca; kstaples@uwaterloo.ca; Graham.strickert@usask.ca; morgan.voyageur@acfn.comJardine, Timothy Donald/AFZ-4837-2022Bradford, Lori/0000-0002-0926-2010; , Toddi/0000-0001-7492-8635; Andrews, Evan/0000-0002-3482-1822; Jardine, Timothy/0000-0002-5917-9792Parks Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories; Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [890-2013-0051, 611-2015-0266]Parks Canada; Government of the Northwest Territories; Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC))The authors wish to recognize that this work was completed in Treaty territories 6, 8, 10, 11 and the Homelands of the Metis in Canada. Some of us are settler Canadian and American researchers and government agents partnering with indigenous people who have given support, and permission for this work to be published. We give special thanks to our partners in the Slave River Delta, Peace Athabasca Delta and Saskatchewan River Delta. Thanks also to the Slave River and Delta Partnership adn the Peace-Athabasca Delta Ecological Monitoring Program. We also acknowledge the support of Parks Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories in the implementation of the overall DDN project. Funding for these projects was provided by Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council funded Grants 890-2013-0051 and 611-2015-0266. We also wish to thank Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle for the use of her map.1201313<180 Day Usage Count>217SPRINGER JAPAN KKTOKYOCHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN1862-40651862-4057SUSTAIN SCISustain. Sci.MAY2019143771790
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0644-4http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0644-420Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & EcologyHW8TC31149316Green Published, hybrid2023-03-17 00:00:00WOS:0004669620000150 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllMackenzie River basinNAcademicNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021
Summary and synthesis of Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) research in the interior of western Canada - Part 2: Future change in cryosphere, vegetation, and hydrology
ArticleHYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCESCLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PERMAFROST THAW; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MACKENZIE GEWEX; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; REGIME CHANGES; BOREAL FOREST; PICEA-MARIANADeBeer, CM; Wheater, HS; Pomeroy, JW; Barr, AG; Baltzer, JL; Johnstone, JF; Turetsky, MR; Stewart, RE; Hayashi, M; van der Kamp, G; Marshall, S; Campbell, E; Marsh, P; Carey, SK; Quinton, WL; Li, YP; Razavi, S; Berg, A; McDonnell, JJ; Spence, C; Helgason, WD; Ireson, AM; Black, TA; Elshamy, M; Yassin, F; Davison, B; Howard, A; Theriault, JM; Shook, K; Demuth, MN; Pietroniro, ADeBeer, Chris M.; Wheater, Howard S.; Pomeroy, John W.; Barr, Alan G.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Stewart, Ronald E.; Hayashi, Masaki; van der Kamp, Garth; Marshall, Shawn; Campbell, Elizabeth; Marsh, Philip; Carey, Sean K.; Quinton, William L.; Li, Yanping; Razavi, Saman; Berg, Aaron; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Spence, Christopher; Helgason, Warren D.; Ireson, Andrew M.; Black, T. Andrew; Elshamy, Mohamed; Yassin, Fuad; Davison, Bruce; Howard, Allan; Theriault, Julie M.; Shook, Kevin; Demuth, Michael N.; Pietroniro, AlainEnglishThe interior of western Canada, like many similar cold mid- to high-latitude regions worldwide, is undergoing extensive and rapid climate and environmental change, which may accelerate in the coming decades. Understanding and predicting changes in coupled climate-land-hydrological systems are crucial to society yet limited by lack of understanding of changes in cold-region process responses and interactions, along with their representation in most current-generation land-surface and hydrological models. It is essential to consider the underlying processes and base predictive models on the proper physics, especially under conditions of non-stationarity where the past is no longer a reliable guide to the future and system trajectories can be unexpected. These challenges were forefront in the recently completed Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN), which assembled and focused a wide range of multi-disciplinary expertise to improve the understanding, diagnosis, and prediction of change over the cold interior of western Canada. CCRN advanced knowledge of fundamental cold-region ecological and hydrological processes through observation and experimentation across a network of highly instrumented research basins and other sites. Significant efforts were made to improve the functionality and process representation, based on this improved understanding, within the fine-scale Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling (CRHM) platform and the large-scale Modelisation Environmentale Communautaire (MEC) - Surface and Hydrology (MESH) model. These models were, and continue to be, applied under past and projected future climates and under current and expected future land and vegetation cover configurations to diagnose historical change and predict possible future hydrological responses. This second of two articles synthesizes the nature and understanding of cold-region processes and Earth system responses to future climate, as advanced by CCRN. These include changing precipitation and moisture feedbacks to the atmosphere; altered snow regimes, changing balance of snowfall and rainfall, and glacier loss; vegetation responses to climate and the loss of ecosystem resilience to wildfire and disturbance; thawing permafrost and its influence on landscapes and hydrology; groundwater storage and cycling and its connections to surface water; and stream and river discharge as influenced by the various drivers of hydrological change. Collective insights, expert elicitation, and model application are used to provide a synthesis of this change over the CCRN region for the late 21st century.[DeBeer, Chris M.; Wheater, Howard S.; Pomeroy, John W.; Elshamy, Mohamed; Yassin, Fuad; Shook, Kevin; Demuth, Michael N.] Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [DeBeer, Chris M.; Wheater, Howard S.; Pomeroy, John W.; Barr, Alan G.; van der Kamp, Garth; Li, Yanping; Razavi, Saman; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Ireson, Andrew M.; Elshamy, Mohamed; Yassin, Fuad] Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Wheater, Howard S.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England; [Barr, Alan G.] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Climate Res Div, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Baltzer, Jennifer L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Biol Dept, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Johnstone, Jill F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON, Canada; [Turetsky, Merritt R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; [Stewart, Ronald E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Environm & Geog, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; [Hayashi, Masaki] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Marshall, Shawn] Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB, Canada; [Marshall, Shawn] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, PQ, Canada; [Campbell, Elizabeth] Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada; [Marsh, Philip; Quinton, William L.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Cold Reg Res Ctr, Waterloo, ON, Canada; [Carey, Sean K.] McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada; [Berg, Aaron] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog Environm & Geomat, Guelph, ON, Canada; [McDonnell, Jeffrey J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England; [Spence, Christopher; Davison, Bruce; Pietroniro, Alain] Environm & Climate Change Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Helgason, Warren D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Chem & Biol Engn, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; [Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Howard, Allan] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Regina, SK, Canada; [Theriault, Julie M.] Univ Quebec Montreal, Ctr ESCER, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada; [Demuth, Michael N.] Geol Survey Canada, Cryosphere Geosci Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada; [Demuth, Michael N.] Univ Victoria, Northern & High Country Weather Impacts Lab, Victoria, BC, CanadaUniversity of Saskatchewan; University of Saskatchewan; Global Institute for Water Security; Imperial College London; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Wilfrid Laurier University; University of Saskatchewan; University of Alaska System; University of Alaska Fairbanks; University of Guelph; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Manitoba; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Environment & Climate Change Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University; University of Guelph; University of Birmingham; Environment & Climate Change Canada; National Hydrology Research Centre; University of Saskatchewan; University of British Columbia; Agriculture & Agri Food Canada; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal; Natural Resources Canada; Lands & Minerals Sector - Natural Resources Canada; Geological Survey of Canada; University of VictoriaDeBeer, CM (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Hydrol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.;DeBeer, CM (corresponding author), Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.chris.debeer@usask.caIreson, Andrew/E-7353-2014; Pomeroy, John W/A-8589-2013; McDonnell, Jeffrey J/I-6400-2013; li, yan/GTI-4638-2022; Hayashi, Masaki/E-2600-2012; Berg, Aaron/AAU-3547-2021; Johnstone, Jill/C-9204-2009; Razavi, Saman/L-3725-2013Ireson, Andrew/0000-0003-1957-7355; Pomeroy, John W/0000-0002-4782-7457; McDonnell, Jeffrey J/0000-0002-3880-3162; Hayashi, Masaki/0000-0003-4890-3113; Berg, Aaron/0000-0001-8438-5662; Stewart, Ronald/0000-0001-9978-7867; Johnstone, Jill/0000-0001-6131-9339; DeBeer, Chris/0000-0003-1828-0293; Razavi, Saman/0000-0003-1870-5810; Helgason, Warren/0000-0002-7068-5717Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [433923-2012]Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)CGIAR)This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (grant no. 433923-2012).22188<180 Day Usage Count>116COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBHGOTTINGENBAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY1027-56061607-7938HYDROL EARTH SYST SCHydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.APR 9202125418491882
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-202134Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water ResourcesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Geology; Water ResourcesRL5QNGreen Submitted, gold2023-03-07 00:00:00WOS:0006390276000020 NReview/synthesisScope within NWT/northWestern CanadaAllMackenzie River basinNGovernment - federalNhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0040
Western Canadian freshwater availability: current and future vulnerabilities
ReviewENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWSfreshwater availability; western Canada; supply; demand; climate change; vulnerabilityCLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; ATHABASCA RIVER-BASIN; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN RIVERS; LOWER PEACE RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MACKENZIE RIVER; OKANAGAN BASIN; GLACIER CHANGE; HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERSBonsal, B; Shrestha, RR; Dibike, Y; Peters, DL; Spence, C; Mudryk, L; Yang, DQBonsal, Barrie; Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Dibike, Yonas; Peters, Daniel L.; Spence, Christopher; Mudryk, Lawrence; Yang, DaqingEnglishThe western cordillera supplies freshwater across much of western Canada mainly through meltwater from snow and ice. This alpine water tower has been, and is projected to be, associated with changes in the seasonality and amount of freshwater availability, which are critical in supporting the societal and environmental flow needs of the region. This study incorporates existing information to synthesize and evaluate current and future freshwater supplies and demands across major north-, west-, and east-flowing sub-basins of the Canadian western cordillera. The assessment of supply indicators reveals several historical changes that are projected to continue, and be exacerbated, particularly by the end of this century and under a high emission scenario. The greatest and most widespread impact is the seasonality of streamflow characterized by earlier spring freshets, increased winter, and decreased summer flow. Future winter and spring warming over all basins will result in decreases in end of season snow and glacier mass balance with greatest declines in more southern regions. In many areas, there will be a greater likelihood of summer freshwater shortages. All sub-basins have environmental and economic freshwater demands and pressures, especially in more southern watersheds where population and infrastructure are more prevalent and industrial, agricultural, and water energy needs are higher. Concerns regarding the continued ability to maintain suitable aquatic habitats and adequate water quality are issues across all regions. These water supply changes along with continued and increasing demands will combine to create a variety of freshwater vulnerabilities across all regions of western Canada. Southern basins including the South Saskatchewan and Okanagan are likely to experience the greatest vulnerabilities due to future summer freshwater supply shortages and increasing economic demands. In more northern areas, vulnerabilities primarily relate to how the rapidly changing landscape (mainly associated with permafrost thaw) impacts freshwater quantity and quality. These vulnerabilities will require various adaptation measures in response to alterations in the timing and amount of future freshwater supplies and demands.[Bonsal, Barrie; Spence, Christopher] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada; [Shrestha, Rajesh R.; Dibike, Yonas; Peters, Daniel L.; Yang, Daqing] Univ Victoria, Environm & Climate Change Canada, PO 3060 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; [Mudryk, Lawrence] Environm & Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, CanadaEnvironment & Climate Change Canada; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Victoria; Environment & Climate Change CanadaBonsal, B (corresponding author), Environm & Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.Barrie.Bonsal@canada.caShrestha, Rajesh/ABE-1459-2021Shrestha, Rajesh/0000-0001-7781-64952171212<180 Day Usage Count>634CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHINGOTTAWA65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA1208-60531181-8700ENVIRON REVEnviron. Rev.DEC2020284528545
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0040http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-004018Environmental SciencesScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)Environmental Sciences & EcologyPA3LZBronze2023-03-08 00:00:00WOS:0005955411000140